He wants upper limits on refugee numbers, she does not.
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The safe upper limits for passive investment may already have been surpassed.
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I'd say Samsung's sound is acceptable, pushing at the upper limits of average.
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We think it's cushioned the upper limits of what investors are comfortable with.
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"It's really about challenging both the body and the mind's upper limits," he said.
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Mr Seehofer demands fixed "upper limits" on the number of migrants that Germany admits.
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Most travel insurance policies offer strict upper limits on the amount they would pay out.
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More recently, life spans—the estimated upper limits of average life expectancy—have also been increasing.
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Thursday&aposs blast may be near upper limits of this type of steam explosion, Klemetti said.
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There are effectively no upper limits on the amount of assets a shell company can hold.
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But I haven't seen the upper limits of its capabilities, just a carefully chosen showcase of demos.
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What kind of engineer would he be if he didn't test the upper limits of the bike's design?
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TikTok, the explosively popular Chinese social media platform, may be approaching the upper limits of its global popularity.
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The proposal would also reportedly fine drugmakers that refuse to negotiate and impose upper limits on price increases.
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The unrelenting verticality of the lines conveyed an unstoppable passage from the lower depths to the upper limits.
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In other words, snow-lovers latch on to the upper-limits, while snow-haters look at the bottom figures.
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The foil may also spur scientists to investigate the core properties of blackness, as well as its upper limits.
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Moreover, starting in the late 1990s, Congress extended Medicaid eligibility to people with disabilities whose income exceeds Medicaid upper limits.
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Most of those lauded for defining the upper limits of America's potential reserved their worst tendencies for the Indigenous population.
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Indeed, the x-ray signals observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton were at the upper limits of their observational powers.
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"It contains targets, upper limits and benchmarks for the nominal balance, structural balance, expenditure growth and debt development," the paper said.
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The facility will have no upper limits on the amounts available and will be available from March 26, the bank said.
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A bag made with the upper limits of durability, creativity, and quality should not look or feel any different to the consumer.
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Senator Bill Cassidy's Twitter ratio is spiking Both Graham and Cassidy are testing the upper limits of the ratio for a politician.
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I'm here to learn about the upper limits of the serve, the most nuanced stroke in tennis and one of Blanch's specialties.
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"According to our statistics, China has already approached the upper limits of coal imports from North Korea," Geng told a daily news briefing.
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Whistleblowing, sex discrimintation and unequal pay claims all have no upper limits on compensation if a tribunal rules in favour of the claimant.
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Companies can add coverage for business interruption, but the upper limits for pay-outs are usually lower than for a cyber policy, insurers say.
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Market sentiment was lifted by news over the weekend that China was seeking to raise substantially the upper limits for intellectual property violation fines.
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Francis suggested that the growth in number and sophistication of nuclear weapons compared to even 30 years ago had reached the upper limits of acceptable.
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"There will be no upper limits for the amount of credit that the KfW can give out," Peter Altmaier, the minister of the economy, said.
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"Chloroquine is safe for malaria treatment and for prevention in some cases, but when you get to the upper limits, there is toxicity," she said.
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Market sentiment was also helped by news over the weekend that China was seeking to raise substantially the upper limits for intellectual property violation fines.
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People not wearing masks in public places will be warned, and office buildings must set upper limits on daily human traffic, municipal authorities said on Monday.
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Common Sense Testing the upper limits of valuation, Snap's investors are betting on the kind of rapid growth that few, if any, companies have ever achieved.
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The 3DS XL promises between 3.5-6.5 hour of battery life, but I don't know if it's possible to get those upper limits on the Nintendo Switch.
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In the streets of New York, few things give you away as a tourist as obviously as tilting your head to take in the city's upper limits.
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The recommended upper limits of alcohol consumption in Italy, Portugal, and Spain are about 50 percent higher than the seven-drinks-per-week threshold the paper revealed.
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On "Baby, Baby, Baby," she found her comfort zone, using her voice as a robust instrument, a percussive force, and a delicate object at its upper limits.
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In recent years they have increased their exposure to unlisted assets in pursuit of higher returns, although some funds are now hitting upper limits on their allocations.
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But they also draw on legacies of metal and hardcore, throwing their bodies around at shows, punching low ceiling and screaming over PAs pushed to their upper limits.
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Well, it appears that—after a game that sought out the upper limits of the word "spectacular"—we've found ourselves in a place where we can reclaim that narrative.
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There are upper limits to the population and over time, people start to build immunity to the disease and the infected start to recover, so there's a natural ceiling.
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Those who see fault in the reckless spending habits of individuals advocate imposing upper limits on spending for marriage ceremonies and other social occasions, with penalties for those who violate.
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Space tourism ventures like Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin will continue testing their sub-orbital vehicles too, which could potentially take paying customers into the upper limits of the atmosphere.
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But "Blood on Me" had a drama to it that was only hinted at on "Timmy's Prayer," his vocals pushed to their upper limits, all breathless over the syncopated beat.
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Coronavirus lockdowns abroad are raising questions about the upper limits of government power as health officials in the U.S. and around the world scramble to slow the spread of infection.
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This can then be modulated by prices like Dispensing Fees (an amount reimbursed to pharmacies for the product), or Federal Upper Limits (FUL) (price ceilings set by CMS for certain medications).
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"There will be no upper limits for the amount of credit that the KfW can give out," Peter Altmaier, the minister of the economy, said at a news conference in Berlin.
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In 2014, the Swiss voted in a referendum to set upper limits on EU immigration but parliament avoided putting the constitutional amendment into practice as it did not want to upset Brussels.
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It sought to eradicate upper limits on RDAs for vitamins and minerals; however, this created a dangerous exemption: The FDA could no longer regulate these supplements as drugs by virtue of their potency.
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Omegas like Storm, Jean Grey, and Magneto represent the most powerful mutants on Earth, possessing unfathomable upper limits to their mutant abilities, and almost all who exist are allied with Xavier and Krakoa.
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The study is among the first to quantify the upper limits of human daily energy expenditure and endurance, whether someone is running across the country, competing in the Tour de France or pregnant.
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In every dimension, Cohn and Elkies showed, there is an infinite sequence of "auxiliary" functions that can be used to compute upper limits on how dense sphere packings are allowed to be in that dimension.
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At least, that's if you believe the results of a controversial new study that suggests mortality rates level off at about 105 years old, and that there are no upper limits for a human's lifespan.
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Unlike an open auction, in which the winner only has to bid slightly more than the second-highest bidder, sealed-bid auctions can pressure buyers to make offers closer to their own upper limits. Democracy.
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A bodybuilder, for example, who is closing in on the upper limits of his natural muscular potential, is doing well just to hold on to the muscle he currently has while getting shredded for a contest.
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Lamy said that in reality there was little room for maneuver on U.S. tariffs as they were already at the upper limits of ceilings allowed by WTO rules, as is the case for many developed countries.
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DeepMind CEO and co-founder Demis Hassabis explained on stage at Google's Go North conference in Toronto that the company actually shut down the experiment before it could determine the upper limits of AlphaGo Zero's maximum intelligence.
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The hiccups may be a sign of things to come as traders fear a further increase in stocks at Cushing would test the upper limits of tanks and cause the next leg of an 18-month rout.
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The two bills still need to be reconciled ahead of a final vote this month, but both stop well short of the upper limits and quotas on immigration that Swiss voters demanded in a binding 2014 referendum.
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Valuation and sentiment continue to push the upper limits, but we believe the execution is justifying further upside for shares, as our operating income increases another 2.43 percent or more in the out year on this result.
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The upper house of parliament is due to address on Wednesday compromise legislation prompted by a 2014 binding referendum demanding upper limits and quotas for immigration to a country whose 8.3 million population is already a quarter foreign.
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Rochester's upper limits on how many pills pharmacies could buy were "invariably so high that customers could not reach them unless their order volumes tripled from their historical purchasing patterns, rendering the system virtually useless," New York alleges.
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As the shadow of SoftBank (and its $100 billion fund) looms large over the investment landscape, Sequoia Capital is pushing the upper limits of the checks it's willing to write to global growth-stage companies up to $1 billion.
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"The upper limits of the quota are being raised... as the Swiss government seeks to satisfy needs of the economy by addressing continuing demand for specialists from states outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association," the government said.
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Even though Merkel's CDU and Seehofer's CSU are sister parties linked as a single conservative bloc in parliament, the CSU has firmly demanded that Merkel introduce upper limits on the number of refugees after more than one million arrived last year.
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If Britain is unable to agree a free trade deal with the EU, it could fall back on WTO rules — described by some in the "Out" camp as a "Brexit safety net" — which set upper limits on tariffs countries can impose.
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It's not unusual for multiples to expand if the economy is expanding and there is earnings growth, but the market's reaction to this season's misses and beats seems to indicate we may be reaching the upper limits of that multiple.
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The lack of upper limits on immigration to a country of 8.3 million, whose population is already a quarter foreign, prompted the right-wing Swiss People's Party to assert that politicians had defied the people's will in a 2014 referendum.
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The People's Bank of China (PBOC) said in the statement, which was sent to banks on Monday, that it would regulate the lower end of rates issues on structured deposits, as rates on some products in the market breached upper limits.
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As the piece's chugging three-beat rhythm lifted off the ground, Mr. Jones smeared a sharp cry across the band's upper limits; the trombonist Steve Swell came into his vicinity, and the pair tilted from warm harmonies into even hotter dissonances.
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One should also note that those developments are unfolding at a time when inflation is already hitting the upper limits of Fed's policy targets — the latest price index for personal consumption (excluding food and energy) is at 1.9 percent and the core CPI is at 2.1 percent.
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A negative, or zero percent, real federal funds rate at the time when the key inflation indicators are exceeding or hitting the upper limits of the Fed's medium-term inflation targets inspires no particular confidence that the price stability will be painlessly restored over any relevant investment horizon.
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The meeting opened with a presentation of Financial Stability Report 2018/2019, which focused on financial cycle indicators, the assessment of systemic risks and the evaluation of compliance with the CNB Recommendation concerning the provision of mortgage loans following the introduction of upper limits on the DTI and DSTI ratios with effect from October 2018.
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"We have reached the upper limits of traditional rotational drive performance," a blog post from Microsoft published on Monday said, "so the team knew they needed to invest in SSD level I/O speeds to deliver the quality of experience they aspired to with Xbox Series X."In short: Microsoft put an SSD in the Xbox Series X specifically to deliver faster performance.
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Google is partnering with the China Go Association and the Chinese Government to host some of China's top Go players and AI researchers from China and Google at a summit May 23-27 designed to test the upper limits of its AI, as well as give human players a chance to study the unusual strategies AlphaGo has put into play in the age-old game.
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Our current age of high-velocity momentum marketing -- with its attendant cycles of hype, swarm, binge, surge and crash -- makes it much more difficult to estimate the lower and upper limits of demand: Attention windows tend to be extremely tight, and anyone seeking to control those windows needs to build massive interest in a short period of time, to take maximum advantage of the period before consumers turn their focus elsewhere.
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This makes inversion much more difficult but upper limits can still be achieved by making more restrictive assumptions.
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At this point (defined as the upper limits of navigation) individual rights give way to the superior rights of the public.
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Academics such as Howard Gardner have proposed the adoption of upper limits in individual wealth as "a solution that would make the world a better place".
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The burrowing activities of Sphaeroma terebrans hinder the growth of mangroves, and its wood boring activities limits mangroves to the upper limits of the intertidal zone.
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The experimental upper limits on branching ratio for this decay (as well as for a decay into any "invisible" particles) are < for p-Ps and < for o-Ps.
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This would mean the object's mass may be around ; the dividing line between planets and brown dwarfs is at . However these measurements were later proved useful only for upper limits.
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Existing measurements provided upper limits for deviations of approximately 10−9, or a few parts per billion. Within the margin of error this is consistent with no deviation at all.
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While actual skydiving out of an aircraft is subject to age limitations which vary from country to country, and even from state to state in the US, bodyflying has no set lower or upper limits.
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Upper limits based on the CLs method were used in numerous publications of experimental results obtained at particle accelerator experiments such as LEP, the Tevatron and the LHC, most notable in the searches for new particles.
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Research indicates that BPH nymphs are already living at the upper limits of tolerable temperatures. This suggests that climate warming in tropical regions with occasional extremely high temperatures would limit the survival and distribution of BPH.
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Third generation particles have been examined for potential Lorentz violations using SME. For instance, Altschul (2007) placed upper limits on Lorentz violation of the tau of 10−8, by searching for anomalous absorption of high energy astrophysical radiation. In the BaBar experiment (2007), the D0 experiment (2015), and the LHCb experiment (2016), searches have been made for sidereal variations during Earth's rotation using B mesons (thus bottom quarks) and their antiparticles. No Lorentz and CPT violating signal were found with upper limits in the range 10−15 − 10−14 GeV.
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The giant star doesn't fill its Roche lobe but there are still large uncertainties on its mass and radius. Even the parameters of the white dwarf are not strictly constrained, but available models can give lower and upper limits.
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Upper limits for the branching fractions of such decay modes were measured in many experiments starting more than years ago. The current upper limit for the → + branching fraction was measured 2009–2013 in the MEG experiment and is 4.2 × 10−13.
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On 24 September 2020, astronomers reported the detection of two new FRBs, FRB200914 and FRB200919, by the Parkes Radio Telescope. Upper limits on low-frequency emission from FRB 200914 were later reported by the Square Kilometre Array radio telescope project.
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On 24 September 2020, astronomers reported the detection of two new FRBs, FRB200914 and FRB200919, by the Parkes Radio Telescope. Upper limits on low-frequency emission from FRB 200919 were later reported by the Square Kilometre Array radio telescope project.
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Jane's War at Sea, pp. 124–26, 139–42. The treaty limitations meant that fewer new battleships were launched in 1919–1939 than in 1905–1914. The treaties also inhibited development by imposing upper limits on the weights of ships.
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Prefers dry regions, occurring in temperate to subtropical savannas and steppes. Found mostly in sandy, rocky areas, including coastal dunes, steep riverbanks and salt flats. Around the upper limits of its altitude range it can occasionally be found in broadleaf evergreen forest.
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The reason for this deviation is that standard upper limits based on a most powerful test necessarily produce empty intervals with some fixed probability when the parameter value is zero, and this property is considered undesirable by most physicists and statisticians. Upper limits derived with the CLs method always contain the zero value of the parameter and hence the coverage probability at this point is always 100%. The definition of CLs does not follow from any precise theoretical framework of statistical inference and is therefore described sometimes as ad hoc. It has however close resemblance to concepts of statistical evidence proposed by the statistician Allan Birnbaum.
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Ford and Nixon had sought to reach agreement on a second round of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), which had set upper limits on the number of nuclear weapons possessed by both the United States and the Soviet Union. Carter hoped to extend these talks by reaching an agreement to reduce, rather than merely set upper limits on, the nuclear arsenals of both countries.Herring, pp. 835–836 At the same time, he criticized the Soviet Union's record with regard to human rights, partly because he believed the public would not support negotiations with the Soviets if the president seemed too willing to accommodate the Soviets.
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A busy day on a Park Golf course in Miyagi, Japan. A "round" of park golf is 9 holes. The International Park Golf Association has set upper limits on the length of park golf holes and courses. The maximum length for an individual hole is 100 meters.
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Finally the age estimates using the isochrone method, which involve fitting the stars to evolutionary models, yield upper limits of 0.44 Gyr and 0.68 Gyr. However, a 2008 evolutionary model using the CESAM2k code from the Côte d'Azur Observatory gives an age estimate of for the pair.
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It is possible to set lower limits from deep galaxy surveys.Madau P., Pozzetti L., 2000, MNRAS, 312, L9Keenan R. C., Barger A. J., Cowie L. L., Wang W. H., 2010, ApJ, 723, 40 On the other hand, VHE observations of extragalactic sources set upper limits to the EBL.
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This is related to the 68–95–99.7 rule or the three-sigma rule. Note that in theory the 0th percentile falls at negative infinity and the 100th percentile at positive infinity, although in many practical applications, such as test results, natural lower and/or upper limits are enforced.
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The main objective of the ACS suite is to make an inventory and map minor atmospheric species or trace gases in the atmosphere of Mars. This will allow scientists to profile the upper limits on the methane contents, and to possibly to detect sulfur dioxide (), a gas of volcanic origin.
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The spin period is expected to become shorter with time, but to date only upper limits on its decreasing trend has been determined. The mass of the donor star is only . This low mass makes V455 Andromedae similar to WZ Sagittae dwarf novae, which are expected to have a long period between outbursts.
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Stress testing is normally used to understand the upper limits of capacity within the system. This kind of test is done to determine the system's robustness in terms of extreme load and helps application administrators to determine if the system will perform sufficiently if the current load goes well above the expected maximum.
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The one-to-one-or-more constituency relation is capable of increasing the amount of sentence structure to the upper limits of what is possible. The result can be very "tall" trees, such as those associated with X-bar theory. Both constituency-based and dependency-based theories of grammar have established traditions.Chomsky, N. 1957.
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These pump-based systems have lower and upper limits on applied pressure which allows the differential to work like a conventional or open differential until there is a significant speed difference between the right and left wheel, and internal damping to avoid hysteresis. The newest gerotor pump based system has computer regulated output for more versatility and no oscillation.
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For works made for hire, the employer was granted a similar right to use the work, limited to at most three years since the delivery of the work. Shorter terms could be defined contractually. The state's authors' contracts for publication were no longer mandatory, and the upper limits to remuneration were dropped: contractual freedom was established.Elst p. 376.
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ITU-T Recommendation G.8261/Y.1361 (formerly G.pactiming) "Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks" specifies the upper limits of allowable network jitter and wander, the minimum requirements that network equipment at the TDM interfaces at the boundary of these packet networks can tolerate, and the minimum requirements for the synchronization function of network equipment.
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President Jimmy Carter and Soviet general secretary Leonid Brezhnev sign the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna Ford and Nixon had sought to reach agreement on a second round of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), which had set upper limits on the number of nuclear weapons possessed by both the United States and the Soviet Union. Carter hoped to extend these talks by reaching an agreement to reduce, rather than merely set upper limits on, the nuclear arsenals of both countries.Herring, pp. 835–836 At the same time, he criticized the Soviet Union's record with regard to human rights, partly because he believed the public would not support negotiations with the Soviets if the president seemed too willing to accommodate the Soviets.
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Location of the pituitary gland. Measuring a morning, fasting ACTH level helps assess for the etiology of adrenal insufficiency. ;Interpretation for primary adrenal insufficiency and Addison's disease ACTH will be high \- usually well above upper limits of reference range. ;Interpretation for secondary adrenal insufficiency ACTH will be low \- usually below 35, but most people with secondary fall within the range limit.
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Results in the GRB field are multifold: • Pre-detection images: BOOTES sets up upper limits for any possible precursors. • Simultaneous images: The first was achieved by BOOTES on February 20th, 2001, but no counterpart was detected. • Follow-up images: Images detected with several gamma-ray bursts being discovered or monitored starting several dozens of seconds after the onset of the event.
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The map includes the first survey of the town of Carrollton (now the upper limits of New Orleans) done by Zimpel. In 1834, he is listed as deputy city surveyor and engineer. Zimpel was the architect for four New Orleans buildings, all designed and built in the 1830s: the Bank of Orleans, Banks Arcade, Bishop’s City Hotel, and Orleans Cotton Press.
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Like most soluble materials, fluoride compounds are readily absorbed by the stomach and intestines, and excreted through the urine. Urine tests have been used to ascertain rates of excretion in order to set upper limits in exposure to fluoride compounds and associated detrimental health effects. Ingested fluoride initially acts locally on the intestinal mucosa, where it forms hydrofluoric acid in the stomach.
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The Binbinga's traditional lands consisted of some running southeast from the Old Bauhinia Downs, encompassing; the McArthur River Station and Campbell Camp, and the upper limits of the McArthur and Glyde Rivers. Their camps on the McArthur river were described as very picturesque, with pitched among shady native figs, Leichhardt pines, paperbarks and screw pines, close to the banks of the river.
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Edible dormice inhabit deciduous forests dominated by oak and beech, from sea level to the upper limits of such forests at . They prefer dense forests with rocky cliffs and caves, but may be found in maquis vegetation, orchards, and urban margins. They have frequently been reported from caves as deep as , where they can shelter from predators. Population densities range from two to 22 individuals per hectare.
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For example, if 5 cents is the basic tariff and the Solo tariff is 20 cents, the latter is called the 5/20. In games played purely for fun, the most common rates are 5/20, 10/20 and 10/50, with no upper limits. In addition, a rate is often agreed between the basic rate and the Solo rate (e.g. 10/20/50).
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For still images, the α7S II's ISO is 100–102400 with expansion down to ISO 50 and up to ISO 409600 equivalent. For movies, the α7S II's ISO is 100-102400 equivalent with expansion down to ISO 100 and up to ISO 409600 equivalent. For still images or movies on auto setting, the camera's ISO is 100–12800 with selectable lower and upper limits.
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For still images, the α7S III's ISO is 100–102400 with expansion down to ISO 50 and up to ISO 409600 equivalent. For movies, the α7S III's ISO is 100-102400 equivalent with expansion down to ISO 100 and up to ISO 409600 equivalent. For still images or movies on auto setting, the camera's ISO is 100–12800 with selectable lower and upper limits.
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"Barrens" has been used almost interchangeably with savanna in different parts of North America. Sometimes midwestern savanna were described as "grassland with trees". Different authors have defined the lower limits of savanna tree coverage as 5–10% and upper limits range as 25–80% of an area. Two factors common to all savanna environments are rainfall variations from year to year, and dry season wildfires.
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Employees actually set upper limits on each person's daily output. These actions stand “in direct opposition to the ideas underlying their system of financial incentive, which countenanced no upper limit to performance other than physical capacity.” Therefore, as opposed to the rational system that depends on economic rewards and punishments, the natural system of management assumes that humans are also motivated by non-economic factors.
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The U.S. Institute of Medicine estimates upper limits (ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence for a true limit is sufficient. For biotin, however, there is no UL because adverse effects of high biotin intake have not been determined. EFSA also reviewed safety and reached the same conclusion as in the United States that there is insufficient evidence to set a UL for biotin.
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This superintelligent machine then designs an even more capable machine, or re- writes its own software to become even more intelligent; this (even more capable) machine then goes on to design a machine of yet greater capability, and so on. These iterations of recursive self-improvement accelerate, allowing enormous qualitative change before any upper limits imposed by the laws of physics or theoretical computation set in.
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LOTIS started routine operation in October 1996, with a limiting magnitude Mv≈11.5 . In March 1998 it was upgraded with cooled cameras, resulting in a limiting sensitivity of Mv≈14. It was in operation until at least 2001, but never successfully detected the optical counterpart of a GRB, though it did set upper limits. By 2001, the 4 cameras had been co- aligned and two of them had added filters.
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Marvin Herndon: Whole-Earth Decompression Dynamics Cornell University Astrophysics, 2005J. Marvin Herndon: A New Basis of Geoscience: Whole-Earth Decompression Dynamics Cornell University Physics 2013 Recent measurements of "geoneutrino" fluxes in the KamLAND and Borexino experiments have placed stringent upper limits on Herndon's "georeactor" hypothesis on the presence of an active nuclear fission reactor in the Earth's inner core, so that such reactor would produce less than 3 TW.
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The focus of his research has been on estimates of the upper limits to human longevity, exploring the health and public policy implications associated with individual and population aging, forecasts of the size, survival, and age structure of the population, pursuit of the scientific means to slow aging in people (The Longevity Dividend), and global implications of the re-emergence of infectious and parasitic diseases, and insurance linked securities.
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Other limitations affecting a marathon runner's VO2Max include pulmonary diffusion, mitochondria enzyme activity, and capillary density. These features of a marathon runner can be enlarged compared to that of an untrained individual but have upper limits determined by the body. Improved mitochondria enzyme activity and increased capillary density likely accommodate more aerobically produced ATP. These increases only occur to a certain point and help to determine peak aerobic capacity.
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On remand, the Court of Claims established the landowner's property extends upward to only 365 feet, but not above. see Causby v U.S. court of claims (1948). With the advent of space exploration, the upper limits to the "ad coelum" doctrine now include issues of national sovereignty. Strong arguments can be made for and against the altitude at which national sovereignty ceases and the rights of orbit or travel start.
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The gap between recommended daily intake and what are considered safe upper limits (ULs) can be small. For example, for calcium the U.S. Food and Drug Administration set the recommended intake for adults over 70 years at 1,200 mg/day and the UL at 2,000 mg/day. The European Union also sets recommended amounts and upper limits, which are not always in accord with the U.S. Likewise, Japan, which sets the UL for iodine at 3000 μg versus 1100 for the U.S. and 600 for the EU. In the table above, magnesium appears to be an anomaly as the recommended intake for adult men is 420 mg/day (women 350 mg/day) while the UL is lower than the recommended, at 350 mg. The reason is that the UL is specific to consuming more than 350 mg of magnesium all at once, in the form of a dietary supplement, as this may cause diarrhea.
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Despite the collapse of the trade agreement with the Soviet Union, Ford and Soviet Leader Leonid Brezhnev continued the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, which had begun under Nixon. In 1972, the U.S. and the Soviet Union had reached the SALT I treaty, which placed upper limits on each power's nuclear arsenal. Ford met Brezhnev at the November 1974 Vladivostok Summit, at which point the two leaders agreed to a framework for another SALT treaty.Brinkley, pp.
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Despite the collapse of the trade agreement with the Soviet Union, Ford and Soviet Leader Leonid Brezhnev continued the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, which had begun under Nixon. In 1972, the U.S. and the Soviet Union had reached the SALT I treaty, which placed upper limits on each power's nuclear arsenal. Ford met Brezhnev at the November 1974 Vladivostok Summit, at which point the two leaders agreed to a framework for another SALT treaty.Brinkley, pp.
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Competition rules require bits to have a minimum diameter, but have no upper limits on thickness. Many horsepeople believe that a fatter mouthpiece is always a milder mouthpiece, because thin mouthpieces localize the pressure on the bars of the mouth. However, the horse's mouth is filled almost completely by his tongue. Therefore, many horses (especially those with large, fleshy tongues) prefer an average diameter mouthpiece, which provides slightly more space in an already cramped mouth.
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The US in their dietary guidelines for 2010 recommends eating 8 ounces per week of a variety of seafood and 12 ounces for lactating mothers, with no upper limits set and no restrictions on eating farmed or wild salmon.Dietary Guidelines. health.gov. Retrieved on 2016-10-26. In 2018, Canadian dietary guidelines recommended eating at least two servings of fish each week and choosing fish such as char, herring, mackerel, salmon, sardines, and trout.
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White blood cells make up approximately 1% of the total blood volume in a healthy adult, making them substantially less numerous than the red blood cells at 40% to 45%. However, this 1% of the blood makes a large difference to health, because immunity depends on it. An increase in the number of leukocytes over the upper limits is called leukocytosis. It is normal when it is part of healthy immune responses, which happen frequently.
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In Europe, dry conditions limiting application exist in the Mediterranean as well as in some inner alpine and eastern European snowy regions. However, limits are most frequently imposed in alpine and arctic regions. These can usually be clearly noticed by the limited growth of woody plants (forest, tree and shrub lines) and the upper limits of closed turf cover. The more impoverished a region is in species, the less suited it is for the application of bioengineering methods.
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In addition to testing the TSH levels, many doctors test for T3, Free T3, T4, and/or Free T4 for more detailed results. Free T4 is unbound to any protein in the blood. Adult limits for these hormones are: TSH (units): 0.45 - 4.50 uIU/mL; T4 Free/Direct (nanograms): 0.82 - 1.77 ng/dl; and T3 (nanograms): 71 - 180 ng/dl. Persons with hyperthyroidism can easily exhibit levels many times these upper limits for T4 and/or T3.
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Public health insurance covers most citizens/residents and pays 70% or more cost for each care and each prescribed drug. Patients are responsible for the remainder (upper limits apply). The monthly insurance premium is 0–50,000 JPY per household (scaled to annual income). Supplementary private health insurance is available only to cover the co-payments or non- covered costs, and usually makes a fixed payment per days in a hospital or per surgery performed, rather than per actual expenditure.
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In Japan, services are provided either through regional/national public hospitals or through private hospitals/clinics, and patients have universal access to any facility, though hospitals tend to charge higher for those without a referral. Public health insurance covers most citizens/residents and pays 70% or more cost for each care and each prescribed drug. Patients are responsible for the remainder (upper limits apply). The monthly insurance premium is 0–50,000 JPY per household (scaled to annual income).
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This observation led, for example, the Food Standards Agency in the UK to propose upper limits of 200 mg/kg. A study showed that 99.5% of the controlled food cans contain tin in an amount below that level. However, un-lacquered tin cans with food of a low pH, such as fruits and pickled vegetables, can contain elevated concentrations of tin. The toxic effects of tin compounds is based on the interference with the iron and copper metabolism.
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If Coulomb's law is not exactly valid, then that would allow the presence of an electric field to exist within a hollow conductor when it is subjected to an external electric field. This provides a means for very-high-precision tests of Coulomb's law. A null result of such an experiment has set a limit of . Sharper upper limits on the speed of light have been obtained in experiments designed to detect effects caused by the galactic vector potential.
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Kepler-62e is a super-Earth with a radius 1.61 times that of Earth. This is just above the limit where planets with more than 1.6 may be more gaseous than they are rocky, so Kepler-62e may likely be a mini-Neptune. It has an equilibrium temperature of . It has an estimated mass of 4.5 , however the true parameter could not be determined, upper limits place it at 36 , which is unlikely to actually be true.
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Players place stakes of any value between the agreed lower and upper limits after looking at their first card. The banker may not look at his cards or double the stakes. Any player who holds a pontoon (Ace and 10-point card) on being dealt his second card declares it immediately and places it on the table. As before, the banker then asks each player in turn what they wish to do: stand or 'stick', buy or twist.
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The birds are scavengers as well as foragers, feeding on small fish and invertebrates, carcases of marine mammals and offal, and preying upon seabird chicks and eggs (including pelican eggs). They sometimes scavenge around waste dumps and docks for refuse but seldom fly far inland. Yellow-footed gulls nest on the beach, a few metres above the upper limits of the highest tides. A pair of birds defends a small territory between the nest and the sea.
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The meadows of Upper Beaver Meadows rest at the upper limits of the montane ecosystem. Forests of pine and Douglas fir trees only inhabit the slopes of this valley because the soils of the valley bottom are too moist from the high water table to support tree growth. This creates a broad meadow that is kept open by grazing wildlife. The park has fenced in an area where a former aspen grove was mowed down by grazing elk.
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The X-ray emission of Upsilon Andromedae A is low for a star of its spectral class. This means that the star may be moving, or move soon, out of the main sequence and expand its radius to become a red giant star. This is consistent with the upper limits on the age of this star. Upsilon Andromedae A was ranked 21st in the list of top 100 target stars for NASA's cancelled Terrestrial Planet Finder mission.
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Winners received some money to pay expenses in part. Also in 1985, the event was divided in three Flights called A, B, and C. The Championship Flight was added in 2001. That is, Flights B and C were added to the Open Flight in 1985, with player eligibility restricted by upper limits on career masterpoints. In 2001 the previously Flight A was renamed "Championship" or "Superflight" and Flight A was restricted to players with fewer than 5,000 career masterpoints.
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Theories of syntax that build on the X-bar schema tend to posit a large amount of sentence structure. The constituency-based, binary branching structures of the X-bar schema increase the number of nodes in the parse tree to the upper limits of what is possible. The result is highly layered trees (= "tall" trees) that acknowledge as many syntactic constituents as possible. The number of potential discontinuities increases, which increases the role of movement up the tree (in a derivational theory, e.g.
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The So'jan military command and the Romulan defector Commander Telek L'mar developed a weapon that created a highly charged disruptor-style beam, which they called a pulse cannon. They later became obsolete. When the laser had reached its upper limits of power, a new weapon was invented at Jupiter Station for the newly designed NX-class. This new weapon could fire much greater energies at longer range but the drawback was that continuous fire would cause damage to the emitter.
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Preliminary astrometric measurements suggest the orbit of Upsilon Andromedae d may be inclined at 155.5° to the plane of the sky. However, these measurements were later proved useful only for upper limits; , and contradict even the inner planet u And b's inclination of >30°. The mutual inclination between c and d meanwhile is 29.9 degrees. The true inclination of Upsilon Andromedae d was determined as 23.8° after combined results were measured from the Hubble Space Telescope and radial velocity measurements.
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The Washington and London Naval treaty limitations meant that fewer new battleships were launched in 1919–1939 than in 1905–1914 due to an imposed battleship construction holiday, which ended in 1933. They also inhibited development by imposing upper limits on the weights of ships. Designs like the projected British battleship, the first American , and the Japanese —all of which continued the trend to larger ships with bigger guns and thicker armor—never finished construction. The was laid down on 1 June 1918.
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A. gouldi inhabit rivers and streams at elevations of approximately above sea level, with upper limits of . Approximately 18% of the waterways in which the species habitat is predicted to occur are protected in a formal reserve. Formerly, the species was distributed from the Arthur River in the west and eastwards across northern Tasmania, where it was found in all rivers flowing into Bass Strait, except for those of the Tamar catchment. Despite the two disjunct ranges, populations across these are genetically similar.
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The Tar, Nicotine and Carbon monoxide ceilings (or TNCO ceilings) are the average upper limits on total aerosol residue, nicotine and carbon monoxide contents of a cigarette, as measured on a smoking machine and according to a given set of ISO standards.ISO methods 3308 (general conditions), 4387 (tar), 8454 (CO) and 10315 (nicotine). Because these refer to machine-generated yields rather than the average smoker's intake, these values have often been decried as misleading.WHO Scientific Advisory Committee on Tobacco Product Regulation.
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Water Industry (Schemes for Adoption of Private Sewers) Regulations SI 2011/1566. In Scotland, it was thought this kind of competition could pose a public health risk.S Hendry, Frameworks for Water Law Reform (2014) ch 5, 81 Under EU water law drinking water, bathing waters, and the general environment, like at the River Wandle, must be kept clean and improved. As real competition in natural monopolies always appeared unlikely, Ofwat has always set upper limits to prices, historically for 5 year periods.
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Pinyon- Juniper woodland in Elko County, Nevada Continuing up in elevation, you reach the pinyon-juniper community. The main plants in this community are singleleaf pinyon pine and Utah juniper, often with a sagebrush and bitterbrush understory. Other species of junipers also occur in this zone, including Juniperus communis, and Juniperus occidentalis. The elevational range of this zone varies, but it is usually found between , with lower limits determined by lack of moisture and the upper limits determined by temperature.
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Cupressus forbesii is native to montane chaparral and woodlands habitats in the western Peninsular Ranges. It grows at elevations of . The tree is found only in the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange County and in San Diego County within Southern California, and in northern Baja California state of Mexico.Jepson Manual (TJM93) The northernmost stand, in Orange County, which comprises a large area on the upper limits of Coal Canyon and on Sierra Peak in the Santa Ana Mountains, burned in a 2006 wildfire.
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If the line broadening mechanism is known and the shape of then spectral density is clearly visible in the spectrum, it is possible to get the desired data. Sometimes it is enough to know the lower or upper limits of the band or its position for an analysis. For condensed matter and solids the shape of absorption bands are often determined by transitions between states in their continuous density of states distributions. For crystals the electronic band structure determines the density of states.
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Furthermore, it would take additional turbulence or convection at the upper limits of the PBL to inject bioaerosols into the troposphere where they may transported larger distances as part of tropospheric flow. This limits the concentration of bioaerosols at these altitudes. Cloud droplets, ice crystals, and precipitation use bioaerosols as a nucleus where water or crystals can form or hold onto their surface. These interactions show that air particles can change the hydrological cycle, weather conditions, and weathering around the world.
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A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the roof structure or the floor of a story above. Ceilings can be decorated to taste, and there are many fine examples of frescoes and artwork on ceilings especially in religious buildings. The most common type of ceiling is the dropped ceiling, which is suspended from structural elements above.
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Species that are over-fished, such as the variants of Atlantic cod, are more susceptible to the effects of climate change. Over- fished populations have less size, genetic diversity, and age than other populations of fish. This makes them more susceptible to environment related stress, including those resulting from climate change. In the case of Atlantic cod located in the Baltic Sea, which are stressed close to their upper limits, this could lead to consequences related to the population's average size and growth.
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In practice, factors such as the programmer's willingness to wait for the compiler to complete its task place upper limits on the optimizations that a compiler implementer might provide. Optimization is generally a very CPU- and memory-intensive process. In the past, computer memory limitations were also a major factor in limiting which optimizations could be performed. Because of these factors, optimization rarely produces "optimal" output in any sense, and in fact, an "optimization" may impede performance in some cases.
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The intent is to make the high bidders bid above their upper limits. In the final rounds of bidding, when the current losing party has hit their maximum bid, they are encouraged to bid over their maximum (seen as a small loss) to avoid losing their maximum bid with no return (a very large loss). Another variation of all-pay auction, Top- up auction is primarily used for charity events. Losing bidders must pay the difference between their bid and the next lowest bid.
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As an unevolved star internal mixing had not happened yet. Its lighter element abundance ratios, including carbon and magnesium are exceptionally low. Its abundance ratios between adjacent odd- and even element pairs are very low, which is clear compared with the values for G39-36, used for comparison. The upper limits on the abundance of the heavy neutron-capture elements Sr and Ba are anomalously low compared to other stars with similar metallicity. This feature is sometimes found in more metal-deficient stars ([Fe/H] < –3).
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Bronnie Ware (born 19 February 1967) is an Australian author, songwriter and motivational speaker best known for her writings about the top deathbed regrets she heard during her time as a palliative carer described in her book The Top Five Regrets of the Dying. In 2014 she published a second book, Your Year For Change: 52 Reflections For Regret-Free Living. After having her first child at 45, Ware wrote about her experiences in the book Bloom: A Tale of Courage, Surrender, and Breaking Through Upper Limits.
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The species has also been found in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, where it is thought to have been introduced from potted plants imported from Europe during the early colonization of Cape Town. In Scandinavia, it is absent in areas with very cold climates, like Finland or Norway, but it is found in southern Sweden. It is thought to be the most prevalent low altitude species of Armillaria in Great Britain and France. The upper limits of its altitude vary by region.
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As ectotherms, Naultinus geckos will move to positions of higher or lower temperature in order to thermoregulate. Because Naultinus spend most of their time on the top of plant foliage, they gain much of their heat directly from the sun. Thus, control of the upper limits of temperature is achieved by moving from the outside of the foliage in areas of direct sunlight, to shaded areas beneath the outside of the vegetation. Control of the lower limits of temperature involves more movement for the animals.
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In 1936, a dam was built in the upper limits of the Lost Man Creek; the dam was named Upper Dam on Lost Man Creek. This dam was solely built to provide water to the nearby hatchery, the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery. The Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery was built in 1927 at the junction of Prairie Creek and Lost Man Creek to stimulate the growth of cutthroat, chinook, and silverside fish. A 12 inch wide pipeline travels 3,000 feet to connect the hatchery and the Upper Dam.
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A 2002 study found 41% of people fatally injured in traffic accidents were in alcohol-related crashes. Abuse of alcohol is associated with more than 40% of deaths that occur in automobile accidents every year. The risk of a fatal car accident increases exponentially with the level of alcohol in the driver's blood. Most drunk driving laws in the United States governing the acceptable levels in the blood while driving or operating heavy machinery set typical upper limits of legal blood alcohol content (BAC) at 0.08%.
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Telmatobius espadai occurs only in Bolivia, where it has been found in just two areas: the Rio Miguillas valley near Choquetanga Chico, in the department of La Paz, and near Rio Apaza, in the department of Cochabamba. An inhabitant of clear streams in the upper limits of cloud forest, this water frog occurs at above sea level. Adults are generally found resting above the water sheltered by tree trunks and stones, whilst tadpoles and juveniles have been found hidden under stones and amongst aquatic plants.
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Noble liquid experiments include ZEPLIN, XENON, DEAP, ArDM, WARP, DarkSide, PandaX, and LUX, the Large Underground Xenon experiment. Both of these techniques focus strongly on their ability to distinguish background particles (which predominantly scatter off electrons) from dark matter particles (that scatter off nuclei). Other experiments include SIMPLE and PICASSO. Currently there has been no well-established claim of dark matter detection from a direct detection experiment, leading instead to strong upper limits on the mass and interaction cross section with nucleons of such dark matter particles.
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Lawrence Summers criticizes Piketty for underestimating the diminishing returns on capital, which he believes will offset the return on capital and hence set an upper limit to inequality. Summers challenges another of Piketty's assumptions: that returns to wealth are largely reinvested. A declining ratio of saving to wealth would also set upper limits on inequality in society. Of 400 wealthiest Americans in 1982, only one in ten remained on the list in 2012, and an increasing share of wealthiest people have not increased their fortunes.
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Richard Nixon in Kiev in 1972 In May 1972, Nixon met with Leonid Brezhnev and other leading Soviet officials at the 1972 Moscow Summit. The two sides reached the Strategic Arms Limitation Agreement (SALT I), which set upper limits on the number of offensive missiles and ballistic missile submarines that each county could maintain. A separate agreement, the Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty, stipulated that each country could only field two anti-ballistic missile systems. The United States also agreed to the creation of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
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They find the properties of LCGs and GPs are similar to Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies. Explaining how the colours of emission-line galaxies change with distance using SDSS, they conclude that GPs are just subsamples within a narrow redshift range of their larger LCG sample. # Although there were no upper limits on the hydrogen beta luminosities, it was found that there was a 'self-regulating' mechanism which bound the LCGs to a limit of ~3x10^42 Ergs s^-1. # In the [OIII] wavelength 500.7 nm ratio to hydrogen beta vs.
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Oshá is strictly a mountain plant, and it is most commonly found in deep, moist soils rich in organic material. The plant requires partial shade. Oshá is widely distributed in the Rocky Mountains and the high mountains of northwestern Mexico. It is most common in the upper limits of the subalpine zone, so in the southern part of its range, it grows at elevations from 7,000 feet to 10,000 feet (2100 m to 3000 m), while in Utah and Wyoming, it grows as low as 5,000 feet (1500 m).
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Sedna and two other very distant objects – and – share their color with outer classical Kuiper belt objects and the centaur 5145 Pholus, suggesting a similar region of origin. Trujillo and colleagues have placed upper limits in Sedna's surface composition of 60% for methane ice and 70% for water ice. The presence of methane further supports the existence of tholins on Sedna's surface, because they are produced by irradiation of methane. Barucci and colleagues compared Sedna's spectrum with that of Triton and detected weak absorption bands belonging to methane and nitrogen ices.
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An audio signal is a representation of sound, typically using either a level of electrical voltage for analog signals, or a series of binary numbers for digital signals. Audio signals have frequencies in the audio frequency range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hz, which corresponds to the lower and upper limits of human hearing. Audio signals may be synthesized directly, or may originate at a transducer such as a microphone, musical instrument pickup, phonograph cartridge, or tape head. Loudspeakers or headphones convert an electrical audio signal back into sound.
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Phantazia is a former mutant who possessed the ability to sense and manipulate electromagnetic energy fields. As a mutant, Phantazia was able to sense, manipulate, and disrupt various fields and wavelengths of various forms of energy (she has referred to her power as 'harmonizing'). Though the upper limits of her powers were never clearly defined, it is assumed that Phantazia could use her power to disrupt anything of an electromagnetic nature. This ability allowed her to levitate herself, presumably by using her power to create an anti-gravity field around herself.
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In spite of all of these problems, which McNamara repeatedly made public in a series of talks, the Johnson administration was under intense pressure to deploy an ABM system. In 1966 Congress voted to provide deployment funding for Nike-X, although McNamara refused to use it. As the 1967 elections approached, it became clear that this was going to be a major election issue. McNamara proposed arms limitations talks with the Soviets to put upper limits on the numbers of ABMs and warheads, but the Glassboro Summit Conference ultimately came to nothing.
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MASS syndrome is a medical disorder of the connective tissue similar to Marfan syndrome. MASS stands for: Mitral valve prolapse, Aortic root diameter at upper limits of normal for body size, Stretch marks of the skin, and Skeletal conditions similar to Marfan syndrome. It is caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene, which encodes fibrillin-1. Fibrillin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein that is found in microfibrils; defects in the fibrillin-1 protein cause the malfunctioning of microfibrils, which results in improper stretching of ligaments, blood vessels, and skin.
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Measured upper limits of the neutron EDM. Given are also the predictions stemming from Supersymmetry and the Standard Model The first experiments searching for the electric dipole moment of the neutron used beams of thermal (and later cold) neutrons to conduct the measurement. It started with the experiment by Smith, Purcell, and Ramsey in 1951 (and published in 1957) obtaining a limit of Beams of neutrons were used until 1977 for nEDM experiments. At this point, systematic effects related to the high velocities of the neutrons in the beam became insurmountable.
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The boundaries of the valley of stability, that is, the upper limits of the valley walls, are the neutron drip line on the neutron- rich side, and the proton drip line on the proton-rich side. The nucleon drip lines are at the extremes of the neutron-proton ratio. At neutron–proton ratios beyond the drip lines, no nuclei can exist. The location of the neutron drip line is not well known for most of the Segrè chart, whereas the proton and alpha drip lines have been measured for a wide range of elements.
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Five years of data-taking (two years of livetime) resulted in the most stringent upper limits on the neutrino flux in the interval 50 PeV – 1 EeV, as well as results on departures from Standard Model cross-sections and searches for gamma-ray burst coincidences. Currently, RICE hardware is being modified for use in the IceCube boreholes being drilled from 2006 to 2010. In 2008-2009, the RICE experiment was extended into the Neutrino Array Radio Calibration (NARC) experiment. The continued experiment is known as RICE/NARC or just RICE.
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In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army (to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles), it was determined that in every Wehrkreis (military district) a division would be established by 1 October 1920. The 1st Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr-Brigaden 1 and 20, both part of the former Übergangsheer (Transition Army). It consisted of 3 infantry regiments, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd (Prussian) Infantry Regiments (1. (Preußisches) Infanterie-Regiment; 2.
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Physicists are unable to demonstrate experimental and astrophysical constraints of zero probability of catastrophic events, nor that tomorrow Earth will be struck with a "doomsday" cosmic ray (they can only calculate an upper limit for the likelihood). The result would be the same destructive scenarios described above, although obviously not caused by humans. According to this argument of upper limits, RHIC would still modify the chance for the Earth's survival by an infinitesimal amount. Concerns were raised in connection with the RHIC particle accelerator, both in the media and in the popular science media.
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These measurements in polarized light have since been disputed by two separate teams using more sensitive polarimeters, with upper limits of the polarimetric signal provided therein. The blueness of the planet may be the result of Rayleigh scattering. In mid January 2008, spectral observation during the planet's transit using that model found that if molecular hydrogen exists, it would have an atmospheric pressure of 410 ± 30 mbar of 0.1564 solar radii. The Mie approximation model also found that there is a possible condensate in its atmosphere, magnesium silicate (MgSiO3) with a particle size of approximately 10−2 to 10−1 μm.
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Galileo became the first spacecraft to orbit an outer planet and to penetrate the atmosphere of an outer planet. Also, the spacecraft was scheduled to make the first extended observations of the Jovian system and first direct sampling of Jupiter's atmosphere, as well as the first asteroid flybys. Several anomalies occurred during the flight, but none had a major impact on the mission. On 22 October 1989, an alarm woke the shuttle crew when the gas generator fuel pump system A heaters on Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 2 failed to recycle at the upper limits of the system.
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A black magical item created from Eternity's own substance during the sixth century by a group of renegade occultists to give whomever wears it equal power to anyone they may face, unless they are below the natural ability of the mask's user. This allowed for example, an untrained peasant to be on equal grounds with the Black Knight and fight him for three days straight. If the would-be user's intent was to commit acts of evil, the mask had no effect on them. So far the upper limits of this ability have yet to be established.
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Consumer advisories for dietary nutrient intakes, such as the United States Dietary Reference Intake, are based on deficiency outcomes and provide macronutrient and micronutrient guides for both lower and upper limits of intake. In many countries, macronutrients and micronutrients in significant content are required by regulations to be displayed on food product labels. Nutrients in larger quantities than the body needs may have harmful effects. Edible plants also contain thousands of compounds generally called phytochemicals which have unknown effects on disease or health, including a diverse class with non- nutrient status called polyphenols, which remain poorly understood as of 2017.
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His power simply seemed to assure that he would inevitably win a conflict against a single opponent. It is not known what the upper limits of his powers were, or if they could generate an adaptation powerful enough to match cosmic menaces such as the Anti-Monitor, the Monarch, Imperiex, or Mordru. While Nemesis Kid could adapt to defeat robots, in the first issue Brainiac 5 built a cell that could resist Nemesis Kid's adaptations. He escaped it by "adapting" the power of time travel, and traveling to a point in time when the cell wasn't built.
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On this locomotive, the arrangement of the saddle-tank precluded the use of the usual steam dome on the boiler barrel. Instead, steam for the cylinders was collected by a perforated pipe, fitted to the combined regulator and steam collector box, which was arranged at the highest point in the steam space above the crown of the firebox. The 1930s Chief Mechanical Engineer of the South African Railways, A.G. Watson, adopted a somewhat similar method for his largest Watson Standard boilers, which came so close to the upper limits of the loading gauge that there was insufficient space for a steam dome.
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For example the Pauli-forbidden K-alpha transition in copper, which is used in VIP2, where 2 electrons are in the 1s orbital before the transition happens, is shifted by 300 eV to lower energies with respect to the normal transition. VIP2 runs at LNGS, where the background radiation introduced by cosmic rays is strongly reduced. Data are taken in alternating runs without current (background) and in runs with current (signal). By analysing the detected energy spectra in the region where Pauli exclusion principle violating transitions are expected, upper limits on the probability for a violation of the Pauli exclusion principle are obtained.
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Dusts also have upper and lower explosion limits, though the upper limits are hard to measure and of little practical importance. Lower flammability limits for many organic materials are in the range of 10-50 g/m³, which is much higher than the limits set for health reasons, as is the case for the LEL of many gases and vapours. Dust clouds of this concentration are hard to see through for more than a short distance, and normally only exist inside process equipment. Flammability limits also depend on the particle size of the dust involved, and are not intrinsic properties of the material.
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Post operatively, kidneys are periodically assessed by ultrasound to assess for the imaging and physiologic changes that accompany transplant rejection. Imaging also allows evaluation of supportive structures such as the anastomosed transplant artery, vein, and ureter, to ensure they are stable in appearance. The major sonographic scale in quantitative ultrasound assessment is with a multipoint assessment of the resistive index (RI), beginning at the main renal artery and vein and ending at the arcuate vessels. It is calculated as follows: :RI = (peak systolic velocity – end diastolic velocity ) / peak systolic velocity The normal value is ≈ 0.60, with 0.70 being the upper limits of normal.
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The hyphae grow distally until they reach the upper limits of the zone of keratinization where the nucleated hair shaft cornifies completely and is converted into hard, anucleated keratin. The terminal end of the growing hyphae forms a ring (Adamson's Fringe). As the hair continues to grow outwards, hyphae are brought to the surface (scalp) and arthroconidia are produced. Eventually due to mechanical forces (the movement of the fungi) and keratinase (a chymotrypsin-like enzyme with optimal activity at an acidic pH), all but 1–2 mm of the diseased hair follicle weakens and falls off.
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Comparability, simplicity and economy were the main considerations in designing GLORIA's standard recording design and method (Multi-Summit Approach), in order to build a world-wide network of operable sites. In each study region (target region) a suite of four monitoring locations in summit areas at different altitudes represents an elevation gradient from the treeline ecotone to the upper limits of plant life. At each location, vascular plant species and abundances are to be recorded in standardized permanent plots of different size at intervals of 5 to 10 years, along with continuous measurements of soil temperature. Several supplementary approaches, e.g.
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Rashid Sunyaev later calculated the observable imprint that these inhomogeneities would have on the cosmic microwave background. While this is the first paper to discuss the detailed observational imprint of density inhomogeneities as anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background, some of the groundwork was laid in Peebles and Yu, above. Increasingly stringent limits on the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background were set by ground-based experiments during the 1980s. RELIKT-1, a Soviet cosmic microwave background anisotropy experiment on board the Prognoz 9 satellite (launched 1 July 1983) gave upper limits on the large-scale anisotropy.
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Because crossing the Darkforce dimension disorients her sense of direction, and the light of Earth blinds her for several seconds upon reemergence, traveling in this manner is risky. Darkstar can levitate herself and fly at subsonic speeds by generating a virtually invisible portal into the Darkforce dimension along the contours of her body without passing through it, then balancing the attractive force of the dimension against that of the Earth's gravity. The upper limits of her powers are still unknown. Darkstar is a skilled hand-to-hand combatant, having been trained by the KGB, and by the Black Widow.
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If process monitoring is desired, and oxygen sensor can be used - ideally placed near the release hole to ensure the weld region is appropriately purged. Helium however, which is also an inert gas should be entered from the top of the enclosed space, where it will first flood across the upper limits and push the trapped air downwards and out through an exit where the oxygen level can be measured until it reaches the required level. The purpose of slow gas entry, typically 5 – 7 litres/m (….CFH), is to avoid turbulence, which would otherwise lengthen the purge process considerably.
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However, such measurements are highly susceptible to systematic errors, and a subsequent paper has found no evidence for such correlations in seven other isotopes (22Na, 44Ti, 108Ag, 121Sn, 133Ba, 241Am, 238Pu), and sets upper limits on the size of any such effects. The decay of radon-222 was once reported to exhibit large 4% peak-to-peak seasonal variations (see plot), which were proposed to be related to either solar flare activity or the distance from the Sun, but detailed analysis of the experiment's design flaws, along with comparisons to other, much more stringent and systematically controlled, experiments refute this claim.
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Eliezer Yudkowsky. General Intelligence and Seed AI-Creating Complete Minds Capable of Open-Ended Self-Improvement, 2001 because if an AI were created with engineering capabilities that matched or surpassed those of its human creators, it would have the potential to autonomously improve its own software and hardware or design an even more capable machine. This more capable machine could then go on to design a machine of yet greater capability. These iterations of recursive self-improvement could accelerate, potentially allowing enormous qualitative change before any upper limits imposed by the laws of physics or theoretical computation set in.
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The other main controversial issue was a demand by critics for physicists to reasonably exclude the probability for such a catastrophic scenario. Physicists are unable to demonstrate experimental and astrophysical constraints of zero probability of catastrophic events, nor that tomorrow Earth will be struck with a "doomsday" cosmic ray (they can only calculate an upper limit for the likelihood). The result would be the same destructive scenarios described above, although obviously not caused by humans. According to this argument of upper limits, RHIC would still modify the chance for the Earth's survival by an infinitesimal amount.
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The tower, which extends for has long narrow rectangular openings on its shaft and shallow balcony-like sections of concreted balustrading supported on decorative moulded corbels. These balconies are found on each of the four sides and are accessible by door openings on the top level of the tower. Heavy mouldings define the upper limits of the tower above which is a bell shaped cupola roof clad with copper sheeting and surmounted by an illuminated Latin cross. The principal eastern facade faces the Brisbane River, looking toward the bend where the Bulimba and Hamilton Reaches converge.
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PlanetPol did not discover any extrasolar planets, however it was used to provide upper limits to planetary albedos in the known 55 Cnc and τ Boo planetary systems. Observations with the polarimeter in the Canary Islands, which are affected by dust from the Sahara, also identified airborne dust as a source of polarization within our atmosphere. Additionally, PlanetPol provided measurements of the polarization of a few dozen nearby stars, which were later combined with southern hemisphere measurements from PlanetPol's successor, HIPPI, to provide information about the nature of those stars and the distribution of the interstellar medium.
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The decoration on this fragment is of two types. Along one edge slight remains of curvilinear patterns, similar to those on the portion just described, survive. Sufficient remains to show that the upper limits of this decoration are defined by a straight line as is the case at the base of the stone, and traces of one of the lines which divide the ornament into vertical, rectangular panels are present here too. The convex upper surface of this fragment is decorated by a series of deeply chiseled, parallel lines which extend across the surface of the stone.
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The celestial distribution of the thirty-one arrival directions showed no statistically significant correlation with the direction of any potential cosmic source. Lacking such a correlation, the identification of the cause of the thirty-one events as gamma rays of cosmic origin could not be established. The results of the experiment were therefore reported as upper limits that were significantly lower than the limits obtained from previous balloon-borne experiments. An improved gamma-ray telescope, also developed at MIT under the direction of W. L. Kraushaar, was flown on the Third Solar Observatory (OSO-3), which was launched in 1967.
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The PID will only respond to components that have ionization energies similar to or lower than the energy of the photons produced by the PID lamp. As stand-alone detectors, PIDs are broad band and not selective, as these may ionize everything with an ionization energy less than or equal to the lamp photon energy. The more common commercial lamps have photons energy upper limits of approximately 8.4 eV, 10.0 eV, 10.6 eV, and 11.7 eV. The major and minor components of clean air all have ionization energies above 12.0 eV and thus do not interfere significantly in the measurement of VOCs, which typically have ionization energies below 12.0 eV.
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Cranial endocast of N. mckinleyi In 2018, the holotype braincase of Nothronychus mckinleyi was re-examined by Smith and colleagues updating numerous basicranial and soft-tissues aspects. They noted that the braincase has particularly large pneumatic chambers on the sensorial areas, suggesting that the increased tympanic systems would result in optimal low frequency sound reception, possibly infrasound, and in complex social behavior. The enlarged cochlea and presence of enlarged pneumatic chambers near the middle ear also supports this insight. Smith and colleagues established an average hearing frequency of 1100 to 1450 Hz and upper limits of 3000 to 3700 Hz. They stated however, that these estimates could be slightly exaggerated.
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The planet was initially detected in data taken in 2012 at a separation from the parent star of (~56 AU) and position angle of . The planet was recovered at a high signal-to-noise ratio in June 2013. Astrometry for the planet in January 2012 and June 2013, and from a marginal detection in March 2013 confirm that it is bound to the parent star, not a background star. HD 95086 b's brightness at 3.8 μm when combined with sensitive upper limits on its brightness at shorter wavelengths is consistent with trends seen for other young, directly imaged planets like those around HR 8799.
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On October 24, 2012, a team led by Thayne Currie at the University of Toronto announced the first independent recovery of Fomalhaut b and revived the claim that Fomalhaut b identifies a planet. They reanalyzed the original Hubble data using new, more powerful algorithms for separating planet light from starlight and confirmed that Fomalhaut b does exist. They also provided a new detection of Fomalhaut b at 0.4 µm. They modeled the optical detections and infrared upper limits for Fomalhaut b, showing that Fomalhaut b's emission can be completely explained by starlight scattered by small dust and arguing that this dust surrounds an unseen planetary-mass object.
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The most important environmental and species interactions may vary based on the type of intertidal community being studied, the broadest of classifications being based on substrates—rocky shore and soft bottom communities. Organisms living in this zone have a highly variable and often hostile environment, and have evolved various adaptations to cope with and even exploit these conditions. One easily visible feature of intertidal communities is vertical zonation, where the community is divided into distinct vertical bands of specific species going up the shore. Species ability to cope with abiotic factors associated with emersion stress, such as desiccation determines their upper limits, while biotic interactions e.g.
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Tide pools with sea stars and sea anemone in Santa Cruz, California In addition to being shaped by aspects of climate, intertidal habitats—especially intertidal zonation patterns—are strongly influenced by species interactions, such as predation, competition, facilitation, and indirect interactions. Ultimately, these interactions feed into the food web structure, described above. Intertidal habitats have been a model system for many classic ecological studies, including those introduced below, because the resident communities are particularly amenable to experimentation. One dogma of intertidal ecology—supported by such classic studies—is that species' lower tide height limits are set by species interactions whereas their upper limits are set by climate variables.
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The introduction by the Icelandic Government of an Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system of fisheries management across virtually all its major fisheries was followed by the introduction of a ban of at-sea discarding of catch. The Icelandic regulations require the retention of most fish for which quotas have been set or species for which a market exists. Since it is compulsory to land smaller fish but the government does not wish to encourage their capture, there are upper limits on the percentage weight of fish that can be landed below minimum landing size. Both Greenland and the Faroe Islands have introduced similar regulations.
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In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army (to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles), it was determined that in every Wehrkreis (military district) a division would be established by 1 October 1920. The 6th Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr-Brigaden 7 and 10, both part of the former Übergangsheer (Transition Army). It consisted of 3 infantry regiments, the 16th, 17th and 18th Infantry Regiments. It also included the 6th (Prussian) Artillery Regiment, an engineering battalion, a signals battalion, a transportation battalion and a medical battalion.
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In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army (to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles), it was determined that in every Wehrkreis (military district) a division would be established by 1 October 1920. The 7th Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr-Brigaden 21, 23 and 24, all part of the former Übergangsheer (Transition Army). It consisted of 3 infantry regiments, the 19th, 20th, and 21st (Bavarian). It also consisted of the 7th artillery regiment, an engineering battalion, a signals battalion, a transportation battalion and a medical battalion.
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In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army (to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles), it was determined that in every Wehrkreis (military district) a division would be established by 1 October 1920. The 2nd Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr-Brigaden 2 and 9, both part of the former Übergangsheer (Transition Army). It consisted of 3 infantry regiments, the 4th, 5th, and 6th. It also consisted of the 2nd artillery regiment, an engineering battalion, a signals battalion, a transportation battalion and a medical battalion.
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In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army (to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles), it was determined that a division would be established in every Wehrkreis (military district) by 1 October 1920. The 3rd Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr-Brigaden 3, 6 and 15, all part of the former Übergangsheer (Transition Army). It consisted of 3 infantry regiments, an artillery regiment, an engineering battalion, a signals battalion, a transportation battalion, and a medical battalion. The commander of the Wehrkreis III was simultaneously the commander of the 3rd Division.
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The discovery of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in 1964 confirmed a key prediction of the Big Bang cosmology. From that point on, it was generally accepted that the universe started in a hot, dense state and has been expanding over time. The rate of expansion depends on the types of matter and energy present in the universe, and in particular, whether the total density is above or below the so-called critical density. During the 1970s, most attention focused on pure- baryonic models, but there were serious challenges explaining the formation of galaxies, given the small anisotropies in the CMB (upper limits at that time).
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There are upper limits on the percentage of the world's newsprint that can be manufactured from recycled fiber. For instance, some of the fiber that enters a recycled pulp mill is lost in pulping, due to inefficiencies inherent in the process. According to the web site of the U.K. chapter of Friends of the Earth,Friends of the Earth wood fiber can normally only be recycled up to five times due to damage to the fiber. Thus, unless the quantity of newsprint used each year worldwide declines in line with the lost fiber, a certain amount of new (virgin) fiber is required each year globally, even though individual newsprint mills may use 100% recycled fiber.
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Another important element of his work was in the field of soil-water- plant relations, and led to the standardisation of characteristic soil-water properties. Together with scientists at the USDA Salinity Laboratory in Riverside, Richards correlated water content at certain water potential values with then current soil water parameters. The currently accepted moisture potential values defining the lower and upper limits for plant growth; at field capacity (−1/3 bar, or −33 J/kg) and permanent wilting point (−15 bar, or −1500 J/kg) were determined through experimental work by Richards and his colleagues. Over forty working years, he contributed much to knowledge of the energy status and transport of water in soil.
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Numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the complex relationship between the docking of an odorous molecule and its perceived smell character, and fragrance chemists have proposed structure models for the smells of amber, sandalwood, and camphor, among others. A study by Leslie B. Vosshall and Andreas Keller, published in Nature Neuroscience in 2004, tested several key predictions of the competing vibration theory and found no experimental support for it. The data were described by Vosshall as "consistent with the shape theory", although she added that "they don't prove the shape theory". Another study also showed that molecular volume of odorants can determine the upper limits of neural responses of olfactory receptors in Drosophila.
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In the case that lenders have the limited memory about the borrower's default history, the credit history will be upgraded at a certain point (the upper limits of credit history) and the default probability will be lower than in the case lenders of full memory. In a word, as the credit history increase, the default probability is weakly increased, given a debt-to-GDP ratio. It may be that at one point, the credit history is upgraded so quickly that the default probability decreases. This is because the periods which the country needs to pay default premium are so short, the impact of default premium on the default probability is quite small.
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Together they built an instrument of this type and flew it on a high-altitude balloon to near the top of the atmosphere over Minneapolis on June 10, 1962. They were able to demonstrate the instrument's performance and establish upper limits on the flux of gamma-rays from the quiet (non-flaring) Sun between 160 and 800 keV that were "considerably below those previously available." K. J. Frost, E. D. Rothe, Laurence E. Peterson, A Search for Quiet-Time Solar Gamma Rays from Balloon Altitudes, JGR, 71, 4079-4089 (1966) Actively shielded X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers of this type became the standard for making high sensitivity observations of solar and cosmic sources, and variations on this basic technique are still being used today.
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In particle physics, CLs represents a statistical method for setting upper limits (also called exclusion limits) on model parameters, a particular form of interval estimation used for parameters that can take only non-negative values. Although CLs are said to refer to Confidence Levels, "The method's name is ... misleading, as the CLs exclusion region is not a confidence interval." It was first introduced by physicists working at the LEP experiment at CERN and has since been used by many high energy physics experiments. It is a frequentist method in the sense that the properties of the limit are defined by means of error probabilities, however it differs from standard confidence intervals in that the stated confidence level of the interval is not equal to its coverage probability.
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As Martin Harwit emphasized, the CIB is very important in the understanding of some special astronomical objects, like quasars or ultraluminous infrared galaxies, which are very bright in the infrared. He also pointed out, that the CIB cause a significant attenuation for very high energy electrons, protons and gamma-rays of the cosmic radiation through inverse Compton scattering, photopion and electron- positron pair production. In the early 1980s there were only upper limits available for the CIB. The real observations of the CIB began after the era of astronomical satellites working in the infrared, started by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS), and followed by the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and by the Spitzer Space Telescope.
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If the original 375cc engine had the same power density as the original 602cc version it would have produced - more than double its actual rated output. The original principle of deliberately restricting the engine's speed returned in 1979 for the revised M28 602cc engine, which had its carburettor and camshaft altered to make reduced power at a lower speed of 5750rpm in the interests of lower overall fuel consumption and better torque delivery. Even the most highly-tuned factory versions of the 2CV engine do not come close to the unit's actual upper limits - 2CVs used in the car's racing series use standard engines tuned to around 45 horsepower which still prove reliable even in long 24-hour endurance competitions.
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Thermal stability and melting point depend on the liquid's components. The thermal stability of a task-specific ionic liquid, protonated betaine bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide is of about and N-butyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide was thermally stable up to 640 K.Ch. Jagadeeswara Rao, R. Venkata krishnan, K. A. Venkatesan, K. Nagarajan, 332 - 334, Feb. 4-6, Sixteenth national symposium on thermal analysis(Thermans 2008) The upper limits of thermal stability of ionic liquids reported in the literature are usually based upon fast (about 10 K/min) TGA scans, and they do not imply long-term (several hours) thermal stability of ionic liquids, which is limited to less than 500 K for most ionic liquids. The solubility properties of ILs are diverse.
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For flat LED of the same size, the lower limits on the unification scale results are consistent with n ≥ 4. The details of the analysis is as follows: A sample of 6 gamma-ray faint NS sources not reported in the first Fermi gamma-ray source catalog that are good candidates are selected for this analysis, based on age, surface magnetic field, distance, and galactic latitude. Based on 11 months of data from Fermi -LAT, 95% CL upper limits on the size of extra dimensions R from each source are obtained, as well as 95% CL lower limits on the (n+4)-dimensional Planck scale M_D. In addition, the limits from all of the analyzed NSs have been combined statistically using two likelihood-based methods.
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The calculation above finds the range between an asset’s high and low price during a given period of time. The current security's price is then expressed as a percentage of this range with 0% indicating the bottom of the range and 100% indicating the upper limits of the range over the time period covered. The idea behind this indicator is that prices tend to close near the extremes of the recent range before turning points. The Stochastic oscillator is calculated: ::Where :::Price is the last closing price :::LOW_N(Price) is the lowest price over the last N periods :::HIGH_N(Price) is the highest price over the last N periods :::\%D is a 3-period simple moving average of %K, SMA_3(\%K).
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However, the orbit is very eccentric, so at periastron this distance is almost halved, and at apastron it is as distant as Mars is from the Sun. In 2000, a group of scientists proposed, based on preliminary data from the Hipparcos astrometrical satellite, that the planet would have an inclination of 175.8° and a true mass of 18 times Jupiter making it a brown dwarf instead of a planet. However these measurements were later proved useful only for upper limits of inclination. If the planet orbits in the same plane as the claimed circumstellar disk, which seems a plausible assumption, it would have an inclination of 40° and an absolute mass of 2.2 times Jupiter, however later observations failed to confirm the disk's existence.
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As for safety, the IOM sets tolerable upper intake levels (known as ULs or "upper limits") for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. Vitamin K has no upper limit, as human data for adverse effects from high doses are not sufficient. In the European Union, adequate intake is defined the same way as in the US. For women and men over age 18 the adequate intake is set at 70 μg/day, for pregnancy 70 μg/day, and for lactation 70 μg/day. For children ages 1–17 years, adequate intake values increase with age from 12 to 65 μg/day. Japan set adequate intakes for adult women at 65 μg/day and for men at 75 μg/day.
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Under this model, active compensation happens only outside of upper and lower intervention points, while for weights within the set range environmental factors would have a strong effect on body weight since there would only be passive compensation for changes in weight. Differences in propensity for obesity between individuals would then be explained as individuals prone to obesity having a wide set range that extends into higher weights. In the dual intervention model, the lower and upper limits of the range are independently set, with the lower end of the range set by evolutionary pressure due to the risk of starvation if too much weight is lost and the upper bound set by pressure due to increased risk of predation if too much weight is gained.
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The picometre's length is of an order so small that its application is almost entirely confined to particle physics, quantum physics, chemistry and acoustics. Atoms are between 62 and 520 pm in diameter, and the typical length of a carbon-carbon single bond is 154 pm. Smaller units still may be used to describe smaller particles (some of which are the components of atoms themselves), such as hadrons and the upper limits of possible size for fermion point particles. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) probe is planned for launch in 2034 to directly detect gravitational waves and will measure relative displacements with a resolution of 20 picometres over a distance of 2.5 gigametres, yielding a strain sensitivity of better than 1 part in 1020.
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Tom Fields of Argonne National Lab (standing, left), Don Perkins of Oxford University (standing, center), and Marvin Marshak of Univ of Minnesota (bending, center) next to the Soudan 1 proton decay experiment in the Soudan Mine, Minnesota. Soudan 1 was a particle detector located in the Soudan Mine in Northern Minnesota, United States, which operated for a year in 1981–82. It was a 30-ton tracking calorimeter whose primary purpose was to search for proton decay."The Soudan Nucleon Decay Program", D.S. Ayres, Presented at Workshop on Physics and Astrophysics with a Multikiloton Underground Track-Detector, Rome, Italy, Oct 29-31, 1981 It set a lower limit on the lifetime of the proton of 1.6×1030 years as well as upper limits on the density of magnetic monopoles.
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In March 2004, the Mars Express science team suggested the presence of methane in the atmosphere at a concentration of about 10 ppbv. This was confirmed soon after by three ground-based telescope teams, although large differences in the abundances were measured between observations taken in 2003 and 2006. This spatial and temporal variability of the gas suggests that the methane was locally concentrated and probably seasonal. It is estimated that Mars must produce 270 ton/year of methane. In 2011, NASA scientists reported a comprehensive search using ground-based high-resolution infrared spectroscopy for trace species (including methane) on Mars, deriving sensitive upper limits for methane (< 7 ppbv), ethane (< 0.2 ppbv), methanol (< 19 ppbv) and others (H2CO, C2H2, C2H4, N2O, NH3, HCN, CH3Cl, HCl, HO2 – all limits at ppbv levels).
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Of particular interest are the planets e and f, as they are the best candidates for solid planets falling into the habitable zone of their star. Their radii, 1.61 and 1.41 Earth radii respectively, put them in a radius range where they may be solid terrestrial planets. Their positions within the Kepler-62 system mean that they fall within Kepler-62's habitable zone: the distance range where, for a given chemical composition (significant amounts of carbon dioxide for Kepler-62f, and a protective cloud cover for Kepler-62e), these two planets could have liquid water on their surfaces, perhaps completely covering them. The masses of the planets could not be directly determined using either the radial velocity or the transit timing method; this failure leads to weak upper limits for the planets' masses.
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While the performance of mainstream desktops and laptop is comparable, and the cost of laptops has fallen less rapidly than desktops, laptops remain more expensive than desktop PCs at the same performance level.In a comparison between laptop and desktop of equal cost, the desktop's System Benchmark Score was twice that of the laptop. The upper limits of performance of laptops remain much lower than the highest-end desktops (especially "workstation class" machines with two processor sockets), and "bleeding-edge" features usually appear first in desktops and only then, as the underlying technology matures, are adapted to laptops. For Internet browsing and typical office applications, where the computer spends the majority of its time waiting for the next user input, even relatively low-end laptops (such as Netbooks) can be fast enough for some users.
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Until recently, the NAO had been in an overall more positive regime since the late 1970s, bringing colder conditions to the North-West Atlantic, which has been linked with the thriving populations of Labrador Sea snow crabs, which have a low temperature optimum. The NAO+ warming of the North Sea reduces survival of cod larvae which are at the upper limits of their temperature tolerance, as does the cooling in the Labrador Sea, where the cod larvae are at their lower temperature limits. Though not the critical factor, the NAO+ peak in the early 1990s may have contributed to the collapse of the Newfoundland cod fishery. On the East Coast of the United States an NAO+ causes warmer temperatures and increased rainfall, and thus warmer, less saline surface water.
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It held that a one-to-one ratio between punitive and compensatory damages was "a fair upper limit" in maritime cases that involved recklessness, compared to the lower liability of negligence or the higher liability of intentional conduct. Its reasoning, "The real problem, it seems, is the stark unpredictability of punitive awards," frustrates the goal of punitive damages, deterring reprehensible conduct, because predictable damages create an incentive to continue dangerous misconduct if the personal injury liability is less than the potential profit, as on the Ford Pinto. It suggested giving a "bad man" the chance to look ahead and to calculate the consequences of doing or not doing a bad act will deter harmful actions. He suggests the upper limits on punitive damages should be as predictable as the legislative range of criminal sentences, but no minimum for punitive damages were discussed.
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It occurs on some offshore islands—Poor Knights, Stewart and the Chathams—but was probably introduced by Māori. In the Stewart Island region, it is rare, growing only on certain islands, headlands and former settlement sites where it may have been introduced by muttonbird collectors, while on the Chatham Islands it is also largely "a notable absentee". Generally a lowland species, it grows from sea level to about , reaching its upper limits on the volcanoes of the central North Island, where eruptions have created open spaces for it to exploit, and in the foothills of the Southern Alps in the South Island, where deforestation may have played a part in giving it room to grow. In the central North Island, it has evolved a much sturdier form (with the Māori name tī manu, meaning "with branches bearing broad, straight upright leaves").
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He was best known for his work measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background emission, providing upper limits on the CMB anisotropies, which began with observations on cold winter nights at Jodrell Bank Observatory in the late 1970s, before relocating his telescopes up the mountain on Tenerife in the early 1980s to take advantage of the clearer atmosphere at that location. By the early 1990s his instruments had detected the anisotropies of the CMB, however the publication of his results came after the results of the Cosmic Background Explorer had been announced; the COBE team went on to win the Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery. He also led research on the emission of the Milky Way as measured by CMB experiments. He worked on the Planck satellite, co-coordinating the Planck projects on Galactic and Solar System science.
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In astronomy, the MACHO Project was an observational search during 1992-1999 for dark matter around our Milky Way galaxy in the form of hypothetical Massive Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs), using the method of gravitational microlensing. It was one of three first-generation microlensing searches started in the early 1990s, the others being the independent EROS and OGLE projects. The MACHO project was carried out by a team of US and Australian astronomers; observations used the 1.27 metre (50 inch) telescope at the Mount Stromlo Observatory near Canberra, which was dedicated to the project full- time from 1992 until 1999. The project did not solve the dark matter problem, but placed important upper limits on the fraction of dark matter in MACHOs across a wide range of masses, and achieved several notable discoveries in the field of microlensing, and new results on several classes of variable stars.
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When his current lover, Legion, was apparently murdered in front of him by someone on the Rox, Tudbury became enraged and used his powers to send a tidal wave down the East River, apparently destroying the Rox and everyone on it. In the wake of this, Tudbury retired as The Turtle and has since gone public with his identity and published his memoirs, only briefly reappearing to help another Ace, Zoe Harris, better learn how to control her powers. Tudbury is the most powerful telekinetic on Earth. The upper limits of his powers are unknown, but some of his notable feats include lifting a battleship out of the water for several minutes, temporarily halting a Takisian starship in mid-flight, ripping off the leg of the second robotic Modular Man, destroying the Brooklyn Bridge, and creating a tidal wave to drown inhabitants of the Rox.
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However, no correlation was found between the incidence of gamma-ray bursts and cosmic rays, causing the authors to set upper limits as low as 3.4 × 10−6× erg·cm−2 on the flux of cosmic rays from gamma-ray bursts. In 2009, supernovae were said to have been "pinned down" as a source of cosmic rays, a discovery made by a group using data from the Very Large Telescope. This analysis, however, was disputed in 2011 with data from PAMELA, which revealed that "spectral shapes of [hydrogen and helium nuclei] are different and cannot be described well by a single power law", suggesting a more complex process of cosmic ray formation. In February 2013, though, research analyzing data from Fermi revealed through an observation of neutral pion decay that supernovae were indeed a source of cosmic rays, with each explosion producing roughly 3 × 1042 – 3 × 1043J of cosmic rays.
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According to Nelson & Angel (1998),The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions 36 Ursae Majoris could host one or two (or at least three) jovian planets (or even brown dwarfs) at wide separations from the host star, with orbital periods of 10–15, 25 and 50 years respectively. The authors have set upper limits of 1.1–2, 5.3 and 24 Jupiter masses for the putative planetary objects. Also Lippincott (1983)An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris A from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61-CM refractor had previously noticed the possible presence of a massive unseen companion (with nearly 70 times the mass of Jupiter, just below the stellar regime, thus a brown dwarf). Putative parameters for the substellar object show an orbital period of 18 years and quite a high eccentricity (e=0.8).
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Rotation is one of the primary determinants of the magnetic dynamo, but this point could not be demonstrated by observing the Sun: the Sun's magnetic activity is in fact strongly modulated (due to the 11-year magnetic spot cycle), but this effect is not directly dependent on the rotation period. Solar flares usually follow the solar cycle. CORONAS-F was launched on 31 July 2001 to coincide with the 23rd solar cycle maximum. The solar flare of 29 October 2003 apparently showed a significant degree of linear polarization (> 70% in channels E2 = 40–60 keV and E3 = 60–100 keV, but only about 50% in E1 = 20–40 keV) in hard X-rays, but other observations have generally only set upper limits. This is a false- color, 3-layer composite from the TRACE observatory: the blue, green, and red channels show the 17.1 nm, 19.5 nm, and 28.4 nm, respectively.
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The forebrain of therizinosaurids was fairly enlarged and developed with elongated olfactory bulbs. The adaptations to the inner-ear and forebrain of therizinosaurids likely served a number of functions, such as well-developed senses of smell, complex social behavior, increased alertness to the vocalizations of juveniles or even communicating with conspecifics, moreover, the large pneumatic chambers on the sensorial areas in the skulls of therizinosaurids (Erlikosaurus or Nothronychus mckinleyi) indicates that the tympanic systems would result in increased and optimal low frequency sound reception, possibly infrasound. Such is the case of N. mckinleyi, which had an average hearing frequency of 1100 to 1450 Hz and possible upper limits between 3000 and 3700 Hz. Features include not only extensive basicranial pneumaticity, but also the development of a basisphenoid bulla (hollow bony structure). In addition, the orientation of the horizontal semicircular canal relative to the horizontal orientation of the occipital condyle gave therizinosaurids a horizontal head posture that enabled binocular vision with overlapping visual fields.
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Cable (vol. 2) #3, 2008 His powers make it difficult to harm him with energy-based attacks; however, he can become overloaded from absorbing too much energy, though his upper limits are unknown, even to himself; when Rogue was suffering a power overload after absorbing Skrull telepath Z'Cann, Bishop was pushed to his limit simply by grabbing Rogue as he tried to help her drain off her excess power.X-Men Volume 2 #107 While, depending on his energy reserves, he can archive a sort of invulnerability, even against conventional attacks, some parts of the transformation process is also participatory, as for example after falling from a great height he transformed the kinetic impact into pure light and sound, but only could do so because he was conscious. Astonishing X-Men Volume 4 #4 Bishop is also resistant to most poisons.Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z Volume 1 #1 He can "let his spirit go" as seen in X-Treme X-Men Annual #1.
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In 2009 Brogi's team claimed that the proposed planet's eccentricity and this belt were inconsistent: the planet would pass through the asteroid belt and rapidly clear it of material. The planet and the inner belt may be reconciled if that belt's material had migrated in from the outer comet belt (also known to exist). Astronomers are still collecting and analysing radial velocity data, while also trying to refine existing upper limits from direct imaging, on Epsilon Eridani b and this has led to a recently published paper, as of January 2019, claiming that the planet's orbital eccentricity is an order of magnitude smaller than early estimates, at around 0.07, and consistent with a circular orbit, very similar to Jupiter's orbital eccentricity of 0.05. The updated measurements, amongst other things, also included new estimates for the mass and inclination of the planet, at 0.78 times the mass of Jupiter and an inclination of around 89 degrees.
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These identified biases are used by the survey simulator developed by the OSSOS group. This survey simulator can estimate the populations of detected objects, for example those in resonances, and set upper limits for the classes of objects not detected. The survey simulator can also predict the number of object that would be detected by OSSOS given the output of dynamical models of the early Solar System, allowing the models to be statistically tested. Semimajor axis and eccentricity of objects detected by OSSOS. Six other objects (not shown) with semimajor axes between 160 AU and 800 AU were also detected. OSSOS has detected 838 objects, bring the total objects detected by well characterized surveys to more than 1100. Among these objects are a possible dwarf planet in a 9:2 resonance with Neptune, and two objects in a 9:1 resonance with Neptune. Other resonant objects have been detected and their populations estimated.
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Bell's art addresses the relationship between the art object and its environment through the sculptural and reflective properties of his work. Bell is often associated with Light and Space, a group of mostly West Coast artists whose work is primarily concerned with perceptual experience stemming from the viewer's interaction with their work. This group also includes, among others, artists James Turrell, John McCracken, Peter Alexander, Robert Irwin and Craig Kauffman. On the occasion of the Tate Gallery's exhibit Three Artists from Los Angeles: Larry Bell, Robert Irwin, Doug Wheeler, Michael Compton wrote the following to describe the effect of Bell's artwork: > At various times and particularly in the 1960s some artists have worked near > what could be called the upper limits of perceptions, that is, where the eye > is on the point of being overwhelmed by a superabundance of stimulation and > is in danger of losing its power to control it... These artists sometimes > produce the effect that the threat to our power to resolve what is seen > heightens our awareness of the process of seeing...However, the three > artists in this show... operate in various ways near the lowest thresholds > of visual discrimination.
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