Space is a big place, but our upper atmosphere isn't.
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These minuscule objects tend to vaporize in our upper atmosphere.
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The crashing waves heat the upper atmosphere, the scientists said.
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The letters, which took off for the upper atmosphere on Dec.
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Cosmic rays hit the Earth's upper atmosphere and collide with neutral atoms.
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UPDATE: Today's attempt has been scrubbed due to high upper atmosphere winds.
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This may be creating a localized cool region in the upper atmosphere.
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This is key because Saturn's upper atmosphere extends almost to the rings.
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In addition, pyroCbs deposit smoke pollutants miles high in the upper atmosphere.
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This close up photo features meandering storms in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter.
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That will help insulate the craft as it zooms through the upper atmosphere.
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But direct observations show that its upper atmosphere is much hotter than that.
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Scientists discovered massive waves of ammonia swirling deep within Jupiter's thick upper atmosphere.
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As a result, those shockwaves actually weakened Earth's upper atmosphere, called the ionosphere.
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The chemicals actually convert the ions in Saturn's upper atmosphere, making them heavier.
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Artist's concept of NASA's MAVEN orbiter, which is studying the Red Planet's upper atmosphere.
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An illustration of how the Great Red Spot sends waves into the upper atmosphere.
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Jupiter's stripes come from clouds of ammonia ice, which make up its upper atmosphere.
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The launch was postponed on Wednesday evening because of winds in the upper atmosphere.
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The powerful shockwaves heated the upper atmosphere, causing the loss of ionization, the researchers say.
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It hit the upper atmosphere and began to peel apart into four pear-shaped segments.
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That sends acoustic waves up vertically, which then vibrate the atoms in the upper atmosphere.
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These supercomputers model the upper atmosphere as well as what is happening near the ground.
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The researchers think this is due to changes in electric currents in the upper atmosphere.
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The new findings are surprising because they challenge the common theory about the Earth's upper atmosphere.
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The auroras are sporadically produced when charged particles from the sun slam into Earth's upper atmosphere.
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Big volcanic eruptions cool the planet by releasing plumes of sulphur dioxide into the upper atmosphere.
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Muon particles originate from interactions between cosmic rays from space and atoms of Earth's upper atmosphere.
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Pakistan's National Space Agency SUPARCO (Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission) was set up in 1961.
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Those particles can impact Earth's magnetic field and get drawn down into the planet's upper atmosphere.
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And he emphasized the need to learn more about clouds and temperatures in the upper atmosphere.
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The next day it tore past without incident, brushing within 192,317 km of our upper atmosphere.
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It had stalled because winds in the upper atmosphere were too calm, the Associated Press reported.
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It had stalled because winds in the upper atmosphere were too calm, the Associated Press reported.
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By the time Cassini plunged into the upper atmosphere, however, this particular area had rotated into daylight.
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In addition to height, the data also revealed the electron concentration of ionization within the upper atmosphere.
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Though NASA is testing out a new method for getting those vapor tracers into the upper atmosphere.
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GOLD will be studying how these major events alter the upper atmosphere, with some help from ICON.
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They're ideal for detecting atmospheric neutrinos—those created by cosmic ray collisions in the Earth's upper atmosphere.
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This was possible since the storm sat over warm waters with light winds in the upper atmosphere.
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But since the upper atmosphere is so cool, Pluto's gases are sticking close to the tiny world.
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These energetic waves then shake the atoms in the upper atmosphere, creating the large spike in temperatures.
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That's surprising given the upper atmosphere of Jupiter is about 500 miles higher than the lower atmosphere.
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The other two orbiters can measure the amount of dust and study how the upper atmosphere behaves.
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Big temperature differences between the surface and the upper atmosphere are another ingredient needed to form hurricanes.
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The shockwaves heated the upper atmosphere and weakened it, decreasing the amount of electrons in the ionosphere.
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Saturn's upper atmosphere generates the faint haze seen along the edge of the planet in this image.
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The students took notice of the Earth&aposs ionosphere , a part of the upper atmosphere that contains plasma.
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When methane reaches the upper atmosphere, it's oxidized by a series of chemical reactions that form water vapor.
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The comet loses pieces of itself that go flying into our upper atmosphere at 110,000 miles per hour.
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In a newly published study, researchers tracked down the origin of the dunes to the Earth's upper atmosphere.
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A warhead needs a reentry vehicle to carry it through the upper atmosphere, and without it, won't detonate.
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It is capable of climbing to the edge of the upper atmosphere to boost small satellites into orbit.
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" Those fires, he said, "put smoke into the upper atmosphere, which blocks the sun from reaching the surface.
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A swarm of such mites could be used to study the Earth's upper atmosphere or its magnetic field.
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Normally you would not expect water in the upper atmosphere; today's stratosphere is more or less bone dry.
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According to NASA, this is due to small particles called aerosols in Titan's upper atmosphere scattering visible light.
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The Starship is to belly flop in the upper atmosphere at a 60-degree angle, Mr. Musk said.
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Ozone, or smog, develops in the upper atmosphere when emissions from tailpipes and smokestacks cook in the sun's heat.
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When turned on, the lasers excite sodium atoms floating in Earth's upper atmosphere, giving the molecules a fluorescent glow.
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Mogensen captured the blue jet footage by aiming his camera at pillars of clouds reaching into the upper atmosphere.
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And the heat may be propelled into the upper atmosphere by sound from the Great Red Spot's raging storms.
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Another big surprise from the New Horizons flyby: the upper atmosphere is much colder and denser than we expected.
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Image: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI"We were amazed when we saw so little nitrogen in the upper atmosphere," Gladstone said.
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The following photo is shot in infrared, which cuts through the hazy upper atmosphere to reveal some surface features.
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They saw that water molecules in WASP-121b's upper atmosphere were glowing and emitting light instead of absorbing light.
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That said, it's not clear if the abrupt and massive methane releases of the past reached the upper atmosphere.
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When Cassini sank into Saturn's upper atmosphere, it was the closest a spacecraft had ever been to the planet.
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There are not enough weather balloons to constantly record conditions in the upper atmosphere, home to the real action.
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They also found that the dunes appear when charged particles from space transfer energy into Earth&aposs upper atmosphere.
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Previously, it was believed that the upper atmosphere was affected primarily by the sun's radiation, which creates space weather.
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Yes, techno-fixes like fertilizing the ocean with iron or injecting sulfate aerosols into the upper atmosphere are risky.
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They found that more than 100 billion tons of water vapor would have been jetted into the upper atmosphere.
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These waves, called zonal waves, are influenced by severe weather on Earth's surface and travel around the upper atmosphere.
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This proposes spraying particles into the upper atmosphere that will reflect sun rays and thus have a cooling effect.
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The asteroid hit Earth 8 hours after these images were taken, burning up in Earth's upper atmosphere over Botswana, Africa.
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It was scheduled to take off Wednesday night, but rough winds in the upper atmosphere caused a one-day delay.
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The soot from the conflagration could waft all the way into a part of the upper atmosphere called the stratosphere.
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This February's stratospheric warming event was particularly extreme, possibly setting records for how sharply temperatures spiked in the upper atmosphere.
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As a result, charged particles—mainly electrons and protons—pour into the upper atmosphere, losing energy as they do so.
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The analysis has revealed an active weather system in Jupiter's upper atmosphere that's rife with ammonia, a nitrogen-rich gas.
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When that happens, charged particles—mainly electrons and protons—pour into the upper atmosphere, colliding with oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
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Vehicles in lower orbits get bombarded by small particles in the planet's upper atmosphere, and that eventually drags them downward.
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When the charged particles reach the upper atmosphere they are directed toward the polar regions, emitting light of varying colors.
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Indeed, temperatures in the upper atmosphere at the top and bottom of Jupiter are around 1,700 degrees, fitting that explanation.
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A pineapple express, also known as an atmospheric river, is a narrow corridor of concentrated moisture in the upper atmosphere.
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Astronomers can only see this exoplanet's upper atmosphere, but it's twice the size and has eight times mass than Earth.
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They can also affect the International Space Station and anything else in the near-space environment of Earth's upper atmosphere.
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Both of these trends can alter the airflow in the upper atmosphere and knock the polar vortex off kilter, Cohen says.
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Apparently unbeknownst to the scientists and their corporate overlords, these chemicals had a vociferous appetite for ozone in the upper atmosphere.
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Its enormous, catamaran-like aircraft will carry 'air launch vehicles' between its two fuselages and hoist them into the upper atmosphere.
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Cassini will be taking direct samples of ring particles, as well as samples of Saturn's innermost radiation belts and upper atmosphere.
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And that incredibly hot upper atmosphere is exactly where a new NASA spacecraft will head after its launch later this week.
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They plan to look at smaller storms on the planet and eventually create a comprehensive temperature map of its upper atmosphere.
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The facility studies the earth's upper atmosphere but many believe it can create hurricanes and tornadoes, like the one in Joplin.
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In the United States, Harvard University's Solar Geoengineering Research Program plans a tiny outdoor experiment next year in the upper atmosphere.
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The mission will examine the response of the upper atmosphere to force from the sun, the magnetosphere and the lower atmosphere.
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The mission will examine the response of the upper atmosphere to forcing from the sun, the magnetosphere and the lower atmosphere.
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Atmospheric rivers are narrow corridors of the upper atmosphere that transport intense moisture from a large body of water onto land.
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As the smoke drifts around the world through the upper atmosphere, onlookers might notice a red tinge in sunsets as well.
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This chance confluence of events caused air in the upper atmosphere to move away from a central point called a divergence.
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The mission was scheduled to take off on Wednesday, but rough winds in the upper atmosphere caused a one-day delay.
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In terms of the physics involved, muon particles originate from the interactions of cosmic rays with the atoms in the upper atmosphere.
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Fireballs, also known as very bright meteors, streak across our sky when debris from a comet breaks up in our upper atmosphere.
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The polar vortex is a semi-permanent area of low pressure in the upper atmosphere, with swirling westerly winds circulating around it.
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Jupiter's upper atmosphere is about 620 degrees Fahrenheit — warmer than it seems it should be, given its long distance from the sun.
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The researchers only spotted the compound in the moon's upper atmosphere, but vinyl cyanide might be in the lakes below as well.
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Auroras are produced when charged particles from the sun slam into Earth's upper atmosphere, exciting neutral particles and causing them to glow.
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These stations measure trace concentrations of about 211 ozone-depleting chemicals and greenhouse gases in parts per trillion in the upper atmosphere.
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The recent thunderstorms have been more intense than usual because the hot air rises to encounter colder air in the upper atmosphere.
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Why it matters: The corona produces large quantities of X-ray and ultra-violet radiation that are absorbed in Earth's upper atmosphere.
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However, ocean waters with less heat content combined with stronger winds in the upper atmosphere are likely to weaken the storm somewhat.
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Mount Pinatubo, for example, sent 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the upper atmosphere, where it was then formed into aerosols.
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One of the most important changes for global travel involves the jet stream, the powerful upper-atmosphere winds that aircraft must navigate.
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Paolo Gabrielli, the study's lead author and a researcher at The Ohio State University, thinks that the ash entered the upper atmosphere.
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NASA's Maven spacecraft is exploring Mars' upper atmosphere, which could hold some secrets about a creepy phenomenon here on Earth: radio interference.
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The most effective solution appears to be stratospheric sulphate injection, whereby large amounts of reflective particles are sprayed into the upper atmosphere.
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Dr. O'Donoghue is interested in the temperatures measured in the upper atmosphere by an instrument known as the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper.
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As the waves break in the upper atmosphere, they push back against fast-moving atmospheric winds with tremendous force, slowing those winds down.
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This is because the only sunlight to reach the moon will be bounced from the upper atmosphere of regions experiencing sunset or sunrise.
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We've been able to watch webcasts of SpaceX launches for years, admiring the rockets' POV as they roar through our planet's upper atmosphere.
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That's because in the cold upper atmosphere, when water vapor condenses into ice particles, it releases its heat energy and warms the atmosphere.
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Once I make my fiery descent through the upper atmosphere, I have a hard time finding a place to even land my ship.
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"On Jupiter, acoustic-wave heating has been modeled to potentially impart hundreds of degrees of heating to the upper atmosphere," the researchers wrote.
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He's a collaborator on NASA's MAVEN mission, which is currently orbiting Mars and collecting troves of data on the Red Planet's upper atmosphere.
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Strong, dominant flow in the upper atmosphere will help spin up and transport several rounds of low-pressure systems across the United States.
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The company set up by Richard Branson plans to offer 90-minute flights into the upper atmosphere for about $13,000 to $250,000 each.
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Pumping chemicals into the upper atmosphere would amount to a mild — one can only hope extremely mild — version of a nuclear winter effect.
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Often the only way to see it is during sunrises and/or sunsets when the sunlight is refracted, showing off the upper atmosphere.
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By their calculations, scientists expected that the warmth of sunlight impinging on Jupiter should heat the upper atmosphere to a cool -100 degrees.
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The spacecraft deliberately sank into Saturn's upper atmosphere at a high speed and plunged itself into the planet just after 6:30 a.m.
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A pineapple express, also known as an atmospheric river, is a term for a narrow corridor of concentrated moisture in the upper atmosphere.
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The rest of the results, published Thursday in the journal Science, include an unprecedented look at the planet's upper atmosphere and its rings.
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The team is still studying what those impacts might be, but they believe this is heating the upper atmosphere and changing its composition.
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They travel along a very narrow corridor in the upper atmosphere of the Pacific Ocean and end up hitting along the West Coast.
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An atmospheric river is a narrow corridor of the upper atmosphere that transports intense moisture from a large body of water onto land.
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In the Martian upper atmosphere, sunlight breaks water molecules down into hydrogen and oxygen, which then pass from the thin atmosphere into space.
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"It is now nearing its fiery demise as it gradually gets slowed down by the fringes of the Earth's upper atmosphere," he said.
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Large hurricanes are fueled by warm oceans and low winds in the upper atmosphere (which can remove heat and moisture from the system).
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The lower atmosphere and the upper atmosphere of Jupiter are connected Now, using measurements from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility in Hawaii, the researchers found that the region is about 1,600 Kelvin, or more than 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit — much toastier than the average temperature found throughout the rest of Jupiter's upper atmosphere, which is around 900 K, or 1,1160 degrees Fahrenheit.
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This is why BBN Technologies, a subsidiary of Raytheon, an American firm, proposes using hot-air balloons to loft explosives into the upper atmosphere.
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Thick clouds of sulfuric acid move in a westerly direction on account of the entire upper atmosphere rotating significantly faster than the planet itself.
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More than a dozen satellites were ejected over Earth this week, and will study its upper atmosphere and interstellar radiation from the Big Bang.
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More than a dozen satellites were ejected over Earth this week, and will study its upper atmosphere and interstellar radiation from the Big Bang.
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Auroras happen when electrons and protons from our planet's magnetosphere rain down onto the ionosphere—a region of charged particles in the upper atmosphere.
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The polar vortex, the notorious swirl of winds around a low pressure area in the upper atmosphere over the Arctic, has split in two.
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The findings are the first time anyone has found a way to sample the chemistry of the upper atmosphere from Earth's past, Tomkins said.
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Each hurricane has what's known as its potential intensity, as defined by the difference between sea surface temperatures and temperatures in the upper atmosphere.
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MAVEN, which launched in November 2013, has been spending its days studying Mars' upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with solar wind, according to NASA.
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During 2014, her team measured radio emissions across the 4 to 18 gigahertz frequency range, creating a 3-dimensional picture of Jupiter's upper atmosphere.
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Some of the Delta Aquariid meteors leave glowing gas trails that linger for a few seconds after they burn up in Earth's upper atmosphere.
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Ozone in the upper-atmosphere is necessary for blocking the Sun's ultraviolet rays, but at ground level, it's among the most widespread air pollutants.
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However, temperatures in the upper atmosphere in that area are extremely cold, down to around minus-60 degrees Celsius, or minus-76 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Ultraviolet light drives a lot of chemistry in the upper atmosphere, and is quite capable of producing oxygen from sulphur dioxide or carbon dioxide.
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With forests and scores of cities set ablaze, enough dust and smoke would be hurled into the upper atmosphere to blot out the sun.
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There was nothing to tell us what would happen in the upper atmosphere with such a massive increase in carbon and sulfur dioxide emissions.
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A. What is called the ozone hole is an area of severe depletion of the gas ozone in the upper atmosphere above the Antarctic.
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Researchers determined that complex organic compounds are raining a chemical cocktail of dust grains from the closest ring, D ring, into the upper atmosphere.
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It is essentially a bubble of high pressure that sits in the mid- to upper atmosphere and pushes warm air down toward the ground.
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Astronomer Phil Plait writes that the image actually involves an object high up, near the boundary between the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space.
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The project pioneered the use of polyethelene balloons, according to the Times, which are used today to lift scientific instruments into the upper atmosphere.
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For years, scientists have been able to study Earth's upper atmosphere in detail, using ground-based observations as well as low-Earth-orbit missions.
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Light from auroras is caused by particle precipitation, which occurs when high-energy charged particles cascade into the upper atmosphere along Earth's magnetic field lines.
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But SpaceX wound up using most of that time, as strong winds in the upper atmosphere kept delaying the takeoff to later in the window.
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Blue jets, it is thought, erupt upward from a thunderstorm and into the upper atmosphere, and can rarely, if ever, be seen from the ground.
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On most hot Jupiters, gaseous titanium dioxide in the dayside&aposs upper atmosphere absorbs starlight and radiates this energy as heat, warming the air up.
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Those solar particles are directed toward the planet's atmosphere along magnetic field lines, meaning that most of them hit the upper atmosphere above Earth's poles.
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Auroras, on the other hand, are caused by charged particles from the sun slamming into neutral particles in the upper atmosphere, creating their distinctive glow.
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That means the stage will start slowing down much more rapidly when it hits the upper atmosphere, so there are lower temperatures surrounding your spacecraft.
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In a strange twist, new research shows that geomagnetic storms can produce the opposite effect, stripping the upper atmosphere of electrons for hundreds of miles.
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The idea being to "safely dispose" of the spacecraft in the planet's upper atmosphere, rather than let it blindly drift out of the Solar System.
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The atmospheric component sees warm moist air rise over the maritime continent and western Pacific, then flow east through the upper atmosphere towards South America.
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Stars that are high in metals produce a lot of solar wind — a constant flow of charged particles from the upper atmosphere of a star.
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The finding suggests that the lower atmosphere and the upper atmosphere of Jupiter are actually connected in a way — that one region affects the others.
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The group applied a physics technique that allowed them to track particles called muons, which come from cosmic rays striking atoms in the upper atmosphere.
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Image: Chappel Astro/GizmodoAn amateur astronomer in Texas captured a rare sight earlier this week when an apparent meteor slammed into Jupiter's thick upper atmosphere.
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Learning more about the ionosphere, part of Earth's upper atmosphere where the sun's radiation collides with gas that breaks into electrons and ions, is key.
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The original headline also stated that the asteroid grazed Earth's upper atmosphere, the upper limit of which is at about 6,200 miles above sea level.
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The winds earlier this week blew south and west, ushering the smoke -- mostly in the upper atmosphere -- toward Seattle, the National Weather Service office there explained.
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NASA's Maven mission explores Mars' upper atmosphere, puzzling over how a planet that was once wet and potentially habitable ended up a dry, cold desert world.
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Galactic is focused on human spaceflight and plans to begin flying tourists on short trips to the upper atmosphere in the first half of next year.
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Unusual weather patterns in the upper atmosphere limited depletion of ozone, the layer in our atmosphere that acts like sunscreen and protects us from ultraviolet radiation.
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The fried chicken will float in the upper atmosphere for a few days, before traveling back to Earth at a speed of 237,000 feet per minute.
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Branson started Virgin Galactic in 2004 after watching a privately funded three-seater space plane rocket into the upper atmosphere to win the Ansari X Prize.
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It all depends on how the ionosphere reacts to the Sun, which is why scientists want to better predict how solar activity affects the upper atmosphere.
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Rather, chemtrails are actually contrails, a visible cloud-like trail produced by aircraft when heat and water vapor is emitted in the cold, dry upper atmosphere.
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Trackers are continuously monitoring the height of the space station over time, how the vehicle is oriented, and how the upper atmosphere of Earth is behaving.
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X-rays and extra particles streaming from the Sun can make the upper atmosphere more dense, and that can speed up an object's fall to Earth.
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When they arrive at the Earth's ionosphere, they excite the oxygen and nitrogen atoms found in the upper atmosphere, and that energy is released as lights.
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The spacecraft embarked on the first orbit on Sunday evening, marking a turning point in planetary exploration as Saturn's upper atmosphere has never previously been explored.
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These storms transfer extra heat to the upper atmosphere, where the winds fan the heat exhaust northward, where the air then descends, dries out and warms.
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Armstrong had had his wings clipped over Korea; he'd bounced an airplane off the upper atmosphere; he'd rescued Gemini 8 from a violent zero-gravity spin.
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The spectrum allowed scientists to pick out not only helium's signature but the position and speed of the element's atoms within HAT-P-11b's upper atmosphere.
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Auroras are produced when charged particles from the sun collide with the magnetic fields in Earth's ionised upper atmosphere (the ionosphere), generating a stunning light display.
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Just as the jet-streams of Earth shape our climate, Jupiter's jet-streams shape the clouds of ammonia cast about in the gas giant's upper atmosphere.
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But adding all that energy to the upper atmosphere can also introduce a ripple in a jet stream that may affect weather halfway around the world.
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After studying physics and electronics at the University of Melbourne, Australia, Thornhill briefly did upper-atmosphere research at IBM, but he, too, identified as a heretic.
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But the emergence of a colossal bow-shaped structure in the planet's upper atmosphere, captured by the Japanese Akatsuki orbiter, is pretty weird even for Venus.
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It turns out that increases in solar activity produce warming throughout the atmosphere, while carbon dioxide increases cooling in the upper atmosphere and warms the surface.
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During the day, the sun's ultraviolet light helps produce trillions of charged particles floating in the upper atmosphere, causing the ionosphere to "inhale" and get bigger.
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When a planet-wide dust storm raged on Mars in the summer of 22014, MAVEN observed that the amount of hydrogen in the upper atmosphere rose.
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They witnessed the result of an eruption on the surface of the sun, flinging up a loop of material in the sun's corona, or upper atmosphere.
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The near-universal presence of bacteria in nature—from the deepest layer of the Earth's crust to the upper atmosphere—is reflected in their protean applications.
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That's because we can trace similar drops in global temperatures during major volcano eruptions, when ash pours into the upper atmosphere, reflecting large amounts of sunlight.
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Hypersonic weapons travel in the upper atmosphere at speeds of more than five times the speed of sound or about 6,200 kilometers (3,853 miles) per hour.
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They've just release the results of their investigation, which found that the solar eclipse thinned the charged particle-containing part of the upper atmosphere, called the ionosphere.
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In a 2018 study, researchers determined that complex organic compounds are raining a chemical cocktail of dust grains from the closest ring, D, into the upper atmosphere.
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Because the air is dry in the upper atmosphere and filled with particles, areas of low pressure in the Atlantic and Caribbean have a hard time organizing.
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Making matters worse is the fact that it stalled out over the state for a couple of days due to lack of winds in the upper atmosphere.
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Some of the solar particles make it past the planet's magnetic field, slamming into Earth's upper atmosphere and interacting with neutrally charged particles like oxygen and nitrogen.
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The vehicles will use data collected by national weather services and also by its own onboard instruments to determine which direction the upper atmosphere winds are headed.
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Secondly, as the greenhouse effect makes the upper atmosphere warmer and thus more humid, the cooling of the tops of stratocumulus clouds from above becomes less efficient.
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Lee Zeldin told CNN's Wolf Blitzer, noting that questions still linger about whether a possible North Korean warhead could survive re-entry from the earth's upper atmosphere.
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"We think there must be something heating the upper atmosphere of WASP-121b to cause the stratosphere, but we currently don't know what it is," Evans said.
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In addition to its known persistence in the environment, DDT accumulates in fatty tissues and can travel long distances in the upper atmosphere, according to the EPA.
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Researchers are investigating whether spraying tiny particles into the upper atmosphere to reflect sunlight back into space is a reasonable way to keep the Earth from overheating.
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As charged particles ejected from the Sun collide with neutral atoms in the upper atmosphere, brilliant light shows illuminate the night skies, sculpted by Earth's magnetic field.
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Some set of countries will decide to forget Paris and deploy a few jets to pump sulfur dioxide into the upper atmosphere to cool the world temporarily.
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Astronaut Major Roy McBride (Brad Pitt) is introduced as part of the crew of the "International Space Antenna," a behemoth spire that extends into Earth's upper atmosphere.
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A condenser in the stratollite sucks in the sparse air in the upper atmosphere and pumps it into the second, "superpressure" balloon attached beneath the helium balloon.
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Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science InstituteOn September 15, 0.63, the Cassini spacecraft ended its valiant 13-year mission by performing a kamikaze dive into Saturn's upper atmosphere.
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A paper published Wednesday in the journal Nature has found the very first evidence of titanium oxide on any known exoplanet, in the upper atmosphere of WASP-19b.
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Also this week, another team of scientists reported the detection of 'carbon chain anions'—potential building blocks of complex biomolecules—in Titan's upper atmosphere, using data from Cassini.
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Meteorologists use latex weather balloons every day to gather data on the upper atmosphere from almost 270 locations worldwide, including 2100 spots in the U.S. and its territories.
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Vogt agrees, saying Juno is collecting the very first measurements of the energy and other properties of the particles that crash into Jupiter's upper atmosphere, producing the aurora.
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That makes the planet&aposs upper atmosphere perhaps the most Earth-like region in the solar system, even more so than the dry and frigid surface of Mars.
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For the test, a 58-foot-tall Black Brant IX sounding rocket was launched into the upper atmosphere from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Wallops Flight Facility.
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It would later be learned that the heat shield wasn't damaged, but the fiery re-entry was made more spectacular by the scorching retropack in Earth's upper atmosphere.
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The reaction stops quickly, much like how meteors are short-lived in the night sky, and this process essentially fossilized some of the chemistry from Earth's upper atmosphere.
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They slam into neutral particles of oxygen, nitrogen and other elements in Earth's upper atmosphere, causing them to glow in different colors depending on the element being excited.
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As Cassini begins its final flight into Saturn's upper atmosphere with a mission of disintegration, visuals flash back through time giving viewers highlights of this dying satellite's life.
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Now, astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, or ALMA, observatory in Chile say they have definitely measured a large amount of vinyl cyanide in the upper atmosphere.
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Drier air then returns across the Pacific in the upper atmosphere to sink again off the coast of Peru, completing a cycle Bjerknes called the Walker Circulation (here).
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There's an organization in Alaska that studies the upper atmosphere, but there are people who believe the facility caused the Joplin, Missouri, tornado and other devastating weather events.
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In addition to searing surface temperatures, wind in the upper atmosphere howls at up to 250 miles per hour, carrying clouds around the planet once every four days.
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That's how we get phenomenons like the Northern Lights: when air molecules in the upper atmosphere absorb energy from charged particles in the plasma and emit a glow.
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That in turn launched nearly 60 Hoover Dams worth of soot into the upper atmosphere, cooling the Earth's surface by as much as 18 degrees Fahrenheit, they said.
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Launched on an American rocket, the satellite, Alouette I, provided data about the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere that was used for improving radio communications in Canada's north.
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In a new study, researchers determined that complex organic compounds are raining a chemical cocktail of dust grains from the closest ring, D ring, into the upper atmosphere.
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Plus, we might hear more about Musk's more ambitious goals for Starship, including super-fast upper atmosphere passenger flights, and its first forays to planets beyond our own.
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After an imagined regional nuclear war in 2025, Earth would stay colder for longer because of soot pumped into the upper atmosphere by the bombs and ensuing firestorms.
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In the first camp is solar geoengineering: to cool the planet by, say, imitating the cooling atmospheric effects of a supervolcano via releasing chemicals into the upper atmosphere.
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"Wind patterns in the upper atmosphere and the warm water in the tropical Atlantic should help maintain Matthew's hurricane strength for the rest of the week," NASA reports.
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Because those ions are hardy and trackable, scientists can use them to study the mysterious dynamics of the planets' upper atmosphere, including its tendency to escape out into space.
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But during particularly strong solar storms, the oval can move lower, as the magnetic field is buffeted by the plasma, and more particles make it into the upper atmosphere.
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Scientists aren't yet sure how these mysterious blue flashes occur in our upper atmosphere, but a followup study on the Space Station will hopefully help researchers figure it out.
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Scientists have long suspected that all planets with an atmosphere also have an electric field, generated by a layer of charged particles in the upper atmosphere called the ionosphere.
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Just like the Earth, the planet once had an ocean but being closer to the sun, the atmosphere became so hot that hydrogen could escape from the upper atmosphere.
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In the new study, Sing and his colleagues showed that the excessive heat in the upper atmosphere is also causing heavy metal gases to drift away from WASP-121b.
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Juno detected electron beams showering energy downward into Jupiter's upper atmosphere, which may be what powered the huge aurorae the probe saw in ultraviolet and infrared images it captured.
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The space agency orchestrated its own version of the light phenomena on Friday in order to understand the amount of energy auroras generate within Earth's upper atmosphere and beyond.
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Aurora Borealis happen when electrically charged electrons and protons in the Earth's magnetic field collide with neutral atoms in the upper atmosphere, turning into a stunning show of lights.
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When air moves over the Andes mountains, for example, the collision of the air into the rock sends up acoustic waves into the upper atmosphere and causes slight heating.
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This eruption was not big enough, in terms of material lofted into the upper atmosphere, to put Mt. Sinabung on the list with those other historic, climate-altering eruptions.
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GOLD will capture the global perspective from 22,000 miles above Earth's surface, while ICON will capture a closer view from within the upper atmosphere itself, 350 miles above Earth.
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Spraying sulphur dioxide and other particles into the planet's upper atmosphere would create a cloud of sulphuric acid that reflects some of the sun's rays, cooling the planet, researchers say.
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After a month of trying, NASA finally launched one of its small sounding rockets from the coast of Virginia, creating a delightful mix of colorful clouds in the upper atmosphere.
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Some of those charged particles slip through the magnetic field and impact neutrally charged particles in the planet's upper atmosphere, causing them to glow in greens, blues, purples and more.
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The former could be catastrophic, because models suggest it could shift the balance of energy in the upper atmosphere in a way that causes large-scale disruptions to tropical monsoons.
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It's almost a star,…Read more ReadAt the same time, intense radiation from the host star is heating WASP-121b's upper atmosphere to temperatures exceeding 2,200 Kelvin (3,500 degrees Fahrenheit).
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So-called muon particles, which originate from interactions with rays from space and atoms in Earth's upper atmosphere, are able to penetrate hundreds of metres through stone before being absorbed.
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The upper atmosphere above Jupiter's Great Red Spot — the huge storm that has been raging for centuries on the gas giant — is much hotter than anywhere else on the planet.
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In August 1959, the unmanned satellite Explorer VI took the first crude photos of Earth from space on a mission researching the upper atmosphere, in preparation for the Apollo program.
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Though the rings are largely composed of water, the researchers were surprised to see detections of methane -- not something they expected to find in the rings or the upper atmosphere.
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In 2014, de Pater and her team measured radio emissions from Jupiter across the 4 to 18 gigahertz range, creating a 3D map of Jupiter's upper atmosphere from the data.
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Two, inject roughly a fiftieth of the amount of sulfates into the upper atmosphere, where it causes virtually no direct harm to humans but helps keep global warming in check.
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The biggest factor in the power of hurricanes is the difference between the temperature of the surface of the water they pass over and the coolness of the upper atmosphere.
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After measuring the amount of H₃⁺ in Saturn's upper atmosphere, Dr. O'Donoghue and his team concluded that as much as 4,400 pounds of water are falling onto Saturn each second.
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After the brief pulse of heat during breakup, this free fall through the cold upper atmosphere takes several minutes, which is why meteorites are often very cold when they're found.
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New Zealand&aposs Ministry of Health told Radio New Zealand the smoke was unlikely to negatively affect air quality, as it&aposs in the upper atmosphere far from the ground.
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Bespin's cloud cars were cool, but a more realistic way to navigate the upper atmosphere of a gaseous planet might actually be with robotic stingrays that really flap their 'fins.
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I'm referring to the spread-chemicals-in-the-upper-atmosphere approach to fighting climate change, which would lower temperatures as the tiny particles reflected more sunlight away from the earth.
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Those particles are pulled toward the planet's poles where some of them make it into the upper atmosphere, exciting neutral particles and causing them to glow in greens, red and purples.
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MAVEN — or the Mars Atmosphere and VolatileEvolutioN spacecraft — inserted itself into Mars' orbit on September 22nd, 2014, and since then the vehicle has been exploring the planet's upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
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Why it matters: It's rare for NASA satellites to capture a meteor burning in the upper atmosphere like this, making these images particularly interesting for scientists and every day skywatchers alike.
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Called a coronal mass ejection (CME), these episodes can vary in intensity, but they can produce bursts of electrical charge when they interact with our upper atmosphere in a geomagnetic storm.
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The veteran Cassini spacecraft has pulled off an impressive high speed manoeuvre: passing between the narrow gap between Saturn's upper atmosphere and the planet's rings, traveling at speeds of around 77,000mph.
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Computer models show that Jupiter's upper atmosphere should be around 300 degrees Kelvin, or about 80 degrees Fahrenheit, based on how far away it is from the Sun, according to O'Donoghue.
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Before launching Cassini, NASA drew up plans to dispose of it in Saturn's upper atmosphere, but they only developed its elaborate end-of-mission maneuver in the past couple of years.
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Astronauts and cosmonauts are sometimes treated to these light shows in orbit when particles from the sun slam into the planet's upper atmosphere, exciting neutral particles and causing them to glow.
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A new study published this week in the journal Science reveals that more water vapor is accumulating in the upper atmosphere of Mars, allowing more of it to escape into space.
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If Kim Jong-Un's team of engineers manages to pull that off, they'll still have to achieve "reentry"—essentially, sending a nuke through the upper atmosphere and back without destroying it.
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The probe dove into Saturn's upper atmosphere this morning, and NASA lost the vehicle's signal at 7:55AM ET, indicating it had broken apart irrevocably during its rapid descent toward the planet.
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ROME (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Spraying chemicals into the earth's upper atmosphere to reflect more sunlight away from the planet could be one means of coping with runaway climate change, some scientists say.
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"Scientists have good evidence that the lower atmosphere contained almost no free oxygen back then, but they haven't had a good way of determining the chemistry of the upper atmosphere," Tomkins said.
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But another study published in 2018 by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory argues that not enough soot would make it into the upper atmosphere to cause major shifts in the climate.
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The famous swirling red eye on Jupiter's surface is extremely hot, and appears to be supplying enough heat to warm the rest of the planet's upper atmosphere, according to research published Wednesday.
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But this year, the ocean temperatures were warmer than usual, and the upper atmosphere was colder than usual — which combined to create a strong storm where they don't typically occur, DeMaria says.
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The anomaly was only detected recently, but by analyzing archived atmospheric data, the astronomers were able to show that it has been present in the upper atmosphere for the past 15 years.
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Intriguingly, the 2017 eclipse seemed to leave a "wake" of waves in the upper atmosphere, one study found, so scientists will want to learn more about that effect and other potential anomalies.
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Those on the ground there may possibly be treated to a "splendid" light show, as China's space agency put it, as if a large meteor is breaking up in the upper atmosphere.
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Known as polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs), these mesmerizing structures form over the poles during the summer, and are made of ice crystals that condense around tiny meteor fragments in the upper atmosphere.
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A NOAA satellite, POES-17, didn't detect any charged particles raining down to Earth's upper atmosphere when "Steve" took place, likely suggesting the "skyglow" could be a result of something else completely.
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The sub-Neptune that's farthest from its star — TOI 270d — may have an upper atmosphere conducive to some forms of life, but below its clouds, the surface is probably uninhabitable, scientists say.
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Look out this week as the Perseid meteor shower nears its peak before the full moon on August 15 drowns out the light from the meteors burning up in Earth's upper atmosphere.
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When a high-speed particle from somewhere out there — an exploding star, perhaps — reaches Earth's upper atmosphere, it inevitably hits a particle in the nucleus of an atom high and demolishes it.
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Emanating from the mountains below, the unusual weather phenomenon is strong enough to withstand ferocious background winds, causing an enormous bow-like structure to hang in the upper atmosphere like a gigantic scar.
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Frissell (call sign W2NAF) was one of thousands of hams who set up their radios on the day of the solar eclipse in an effort to measure its effects on the upper atmosphere.
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What they discovered is that Earth's present-day upper atmosphere has the same amount of oxygen as it did 2.7 billion years ago, according to a report published Wednesday in the journal Nature.
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A hypersonic glide vehicle is boosted aloft on a rocket to heights of between 40 km to 100 km above the earth before detaching to glide along the upper atmosphere towards its target.
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The storm will be effectively stuck in place, hemmed in by a blocking pattern over the North Atlantic and Greenland, consisting of an area of high pressure in the mid-to-upper atmosphere.
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For the first time ever, an exoplanet located 880 light-years away was found to have a stratosphere — a layer in the upper atmosphere where the temperature increases the higher up you go.
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The main polar vortex is a circulation of air enveloping a near-permanent area of low pressure that exists in the upper atmosphere, above typical cruising altitudes for commercial jetliners, over the Arctic.
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Around the globe, research is pushing forward on potential cooling techniques such as spraying particles into the upper atmosphere to mimic volcanic eruptions or artificially brightening sea clouds, experts said in a report.
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The third model had a bit of water floating around in the upper atmosphere, but a lot of high-altitude clouds that obscured any water that may have been lower in the atmosphere.
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Just one long-haul flight emits around a half-ton of carbon per person or a full ton of greenhouse effect if one considers other gases a jet puts into the upper atmosphere.
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The conditions on the sun affect the conditions of the upper atmosphere, and while we can measure the conditions on the sun pretty accurately, they're hard to predict in advance, according to McDowell.
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And by the end of this year, they'll be ready to do the important work of testing the hardware they've designed in Earth's upper atmosphere, which should provide important data about space-based performance.
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Such developments may help, through a series of complex interactions between the lower and upper atmosphere, disrupt the polar vortex encircling the Arctic region, and bring more frigid air into North America and Europe.
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It's not clear how the wave exactly propagates to the planet's upper atmosphere, where clouds rotate faster than the planets itself — four days instead of the 12 days it takes Venus to rotate once.
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The approach would require a costly constellation of satellites, but would be better at spotting weapons gliding in the upper atmosphere and could also see farther than land-based systems limited by the horizon.
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Virgin plans to execute the move this summer now that it has completed 2 successful flights through the upper atmosphere — one of which included the first passenger carried to space aboard a commercial spacecraft.
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As a result of this proximity, the planet is wasting away at a record pace, scientists reported on Thursday in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, as stellar radiation and wind blows off its upper atmosphere.
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How it works: Hydrocarbon particles created in chemical reactions in Pluto's upper atmosphere group together as they fall toward the surface and are "transformed into thick layers of haze," Alexandra Witze writes in Nature.
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A ridge formed in the jet stream, forcing the stronger winds in the upper atmosphere well into Canada, allowing for clear skies in the Pacific Northwest and the temperatures to rise to extreme levels.
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Shadows from Saturn's rings can affect the planet's atmosphere, according to an analysis of data collected by the Cassini-Hyugens spacecraft during its final dives into the gaseous planet's upper atmosphere earlier this year.
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Using a telescope on Earth, astronomers peered at infrared emissions from Jupiter and found that the temperature of the upper atmosphere, 350 to 600 miles above the giant swirling storm, averages 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit.
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NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, which weighed about 12,19973 pounds, made a similar uncontrolled return to Earth in 2011, and 26 large pieces, the heaviest about 330 pounds, were expected to reach the surface.
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Erickson&aposs team simulated the effect a massive meteorite hitting an ice sheet and found that such an impact could have released up to 100 billion tons of water vapor into the upper atmosphere.
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The rocket took off from a test site in rural Texas on Wednesday and soared more than 60 miles into the upper atmosphere, across the boundary that is widely considered the edge of space.
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The stringray-style spacecraft design would have "wings" that can flap in the high winds of the upper atmosphere of Venus, according to UB, which would allow controlled flight that's possible with high efficiency.
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A blocking pattern in the mid-to-upper atmosphere, known as a Rex Block, is going to prevent Hermine from moving harmlessly out to sea after it slips off the coast of North Carolina.
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SANTORUM: Well, the most devastating attack that could occur is an electromagnetic pulse attack, and that would be an attack that would be triggered by a nuclear explosion in the upper atmosphere of our country.
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World View also wants to eventually send paying customers up in these high-altitude balloons — so they can gently float in the upper atmosphere for five to six hours, overlooking the curvature of the planet.
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A new Jetsons comic, out this week from DC Comics, finally broaches the question of why the Jetsons and their community live their lives in the upper atmosphere, and the answers it offers aren't pretty.
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The telescope orbits high up, around 350 miles up, but its path decays over time thanks to small particles from the Earth's upper atmosphere that bombard the spacecraft and drag it down toward our planet.
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Their study would involve sending balloons rigged with instruments that measure the effects of the eruption into the upper atmosphere right after the volcano blows, and continuing to measure the atmospheric effects for years afterward.
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"It's a call for more research in this area to know exactly what we're putting into the upper atmosphere and in what quantities," Vedda, a senior policy analyst at the Aerospace Corporation, tells The Verge.
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Instead, a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) detaches from the rocket while it is still ascending and either skips along the upper atmosphere or, having re-entered, glides through it for hundreds or thousands of kilometres.
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Scientific instruments are sensitive enough to detect it, but not human eyes — until a bright night, when an unexpected alignment of waves in our upper atmosphere amplify that once invisible airglow, making it much brighter.
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For instance, back in the 1960s, simple climate models predicted that global warming caused by more carbon dioxide would lead to cooling in the upper atmosphere (because the heat is getting trapped at the surface).
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Pyongyang is making final preparations to test a new re-entry vehicle — which allows the missile to pass through the upper atmosphere without damage to the warhead — and it could happen as soon as Thursday.
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The trade winds -- westward moving winds in the upper atmosphere -- are picking up dust from the Sahara Desert in northern Africa, lofting it over the Atlantic Ocean and filling the skies from Florida to East Texas.
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"With our current understanding of the dynamics of the upper atmosphere and Europe's limited sensors, we are not able to make very precise predictions," Holger Krag, head of ESA's Space Debris Office, said in a statement.
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Airglow, which creates bands of red and green or purple and yellow light, happens when atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere shed excess energy because they receive so much from the sun in this region.
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NASA is now planning another solar mission that will bring a spacecraft — named the Solar Probe Plus — into the sun's upper atmosphere, allowing scientists to learn more about how the solar wind streams from the star.
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This tourism venture — called Voyager — would see paying customers gently float to the upper atmosphere for five to six hours, riding inside a fancy cabin with large windows that can overlook the curvature of the planet.
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The new research is the first to demonstrate this phenomenon, in which iron and magnesium from the lower atmosphere flows up into the upper atmosphere, where it stays in gaseous form owing to the high temperatures.
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If outer space activities remain insufficiently regulated, it could one day lead to conflicts between countries or companies and to environmental problems, like a junk-filled upper atmosphere, a blighted moon or Mars, or pulverized asteroids.
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Airglow, which creates bands of red and green or purple and yellow light, happens when atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere shed excess energy because they receive so much from the sun in this region.
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Ticket holders, most of whom paid $200,000 or more for a Virgin Galactic flight, will one day congregate at the spaceport before they board a supersonic plane for a 90-minute ride into the upper atmosphere.
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They predict pyrocumulonimbus clouds, thunderheads fueled by fire, that pull in the surrounding air and gunk and send it into the upper atmosphere, high enough that rain doesn't bring the carbon back down to the ground.
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Between the lines: The heat wave's proximate cause is a traffic jam in the upper atmosphere, with a wavy jet stream pattern dominated by two sprawling areas of high pressure — one over Greenland and another across Europe.
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From there, the instrument, called GOLD, will gather data about the boundary between Earth's upper atmosphere and space — a region between 30 and 600 miles up known as the ionosphere, where major space weather events can occur.
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When such geomagnetic storms happen, the particles in the ionosphere are thrown out of whack: not only do they heat up and get energized, but they move upward and expand, changing the density of the upper atmosphere.
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On top of that, the models that form the basis of the Paris Agreement are predicting way too much warming in the lower atmosphere, and erroneously predicting a dramatic warming of the upper atmosphere over the tropics.
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Winds in its upper atmosphere howl at 223 miles per hour (53 kilometers per hour), a speed that's considerably faster than the slowly-rotating planet pictured below (a single Venusian day lasts longer than an entire Venusian year).
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It's all part of a plan to study how particles move in the upper atmosphere, which could help us better study the aurorae and the parts of our atmosphere that are electrically charged by solar and cosmic radiation.
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A fraction of humanity was able to escape to space stations built in orbit as insurance for just this sort of disaster, and they waited there until floating dwellings could be built for survivors in the upper atmosphere.
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In the mid-latitudes, eastward-moving troughs of low pressure and ridges of high pressure in the upper atmosphere can strongly influence the motion of Atlantic hurricanes, especially once they reach latitudes parallel with the eastern U.S. coastline.
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By banding together to address a planetary emergency, the 197 signatory nations had officially ended production and use of chemicals responsible for depleting the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, an essential shield against the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
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And squalene, a primary ingredient in skin oil, is extremely reactive with ozone—a fact that may explain why air travel, which exposes us to the higher ozone concentrations of the upper atmosphere, often leaves us feeling dirty.
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A large amount of a rocket's fuel and engineering is dedicated to pushing it from the ground, where the atmosphere is heaviest, to the thinner upper atmosphere, where drag and other issues are much less of a worry.
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As the cloud climbs and then cools in the low temperatures of the upper atmosphere, the collisions of ice particles in the higher parts of the cloud build up an electrical charge, which can be released as lightning.
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The missile detonates in the upper atmosphere above a major American city such as Los Angeles, releasing a cascade of charged electrons that damages and destroys all technology and electrical systems within line-of-sight of the explosion.
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Hypersonic glide vehicles are boosted aloft on a rocket to heights of between 40 km (25 miles) and 100 km (62 miles) above the earth before detaching to glide along the upper atmosphere towards their target, say researchers.
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Cassini was moving too fast to take color images, but it snapped a series of black-and-white photos of the planet's upper atmosphere, capturing storms, striated ammonia clouds, and other features never before seen in such close detail.
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The instrument took all sorts of readings on the Earth's upper atmosphere, and in this case the researchers are analyzing changes in the properties of the airglow's light, especially green light coming from the sun's rays splitting oxygen molecules.
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Building a vehicle that can safely carry humans to the weightless heights beyond Earth's upper atmosphere is a feat so far achieved only by NASA, Russia, China and Scaled Composites, which designed and flew Virgin Galactic's prototype craft, SpaceShipOne.
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They are launched into the upper atmosphere in the normal fashion atop existing ballistic missiles, but then release hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) which fly lower, faster and—to an adversary—much more unpredictably than old-fashioned re-entry vehicles.
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"They hit the upper atmosphere, and all of a sudden, they're going through some gases, they heat up with friction, and then they glow," Michelle Thaller, an astronomer and research scientist at NASA's Goddard Spaceflight Center, tells The Verge.
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According to existing models, the one next week will create a large hole in the ionosphere that will travel over most of North America over the course of two or three hours, creating nighttime conditions in the upper atmosphere.
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This means that the density of the upper atmosphere, through which Tiangong-29 is moving, did not increase as predicted (which would have dragged the spacecraft down sooner) and hence the ESA Space Debris Office has adjusted the predicted decay rate.
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Researchers studying the potential consequences of dispersing tiny particles into the upper atmosphere, where they would reflect incoming solar radiation and offset global warming, have come up with a way to avoid producing ill effects in some regions, such as drought.
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Smaller, lighter materials will travel into the upper atmosphere, and may "circulate around the world for years, or even decades, until they gradually settle out or are brought back to the surface by precipitation," according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
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"This is the first time we've been able to visualize the flow of energy from larger gravity waves to smaller flow instabilities and turbulence in the upper atmosphere," Dave Fritts, principal investigator of the PMC Turbo mission, said in a statement.
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If just a fraction of the world's nuclear weapons (say, 143 bombs the size of the one dropped in Hiroshima) were deployed on urban industrial targets, the resulting fires would put enough soot into the upper atmosphere to cause climate disruption.
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Based on a study from 2007, a full-scale war between the United States and Russia would put enough soot into the upper atmosphere to create a worldwide nuclear winter, dropping temperatures to levels not seen since the last ice age.
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NASA's Juno spacecraft, which arrived at Jupiter this month, will try to take a closer look at the Great Red Spot, too, but its instruments are designed more to study the deep interior of the planet, not the upper atmosphere.
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The bigger problem was that the computers he was using in the 1980s could not operate fast enough to give a realistic picture of the upper atmosphere; as a result, his model was most likely overestimating the Earth's sensitivity to emissions.
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One area of particular interest is the ionosphere, a region in the upper atmosphere that is home to the International Space Station and through which signals pass from communications and Global Positioning System satellites that billions of people rely on.
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Not all eruptions are so drastic in their effect -- when Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991 it caused global temperatures to drop between 0.1 and 0.6C during the almost two years the ash remained in the upper atmosphere.
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Using data from Hawaii's Gemini North telescope, researchers at the University of Oxford have found that most of the planet's upper atmosphere is composed of hydrogen sulfide—the same stuff that causes the sickening odor when eggs rot or people rip ass.
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The CSIRO's climate functions are the equivalent to the the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the U.S., which monitors, researches and communicates how the Earth's climate is changing, from the depths of the seas to the upper atmosphere and into space.
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The upper atmosphere of Jupiter acts like a resistor in any electrical circuit, or the filament in a light bulb—the neutral molecules act to stop ions flowing, so as the ions move through the atmosphere, the current generates a lot of heat.
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The review laid out a wide array of plans, including equipping drones with lasers to shoot missiles out of the sky, "space based sensors and interceptors," and using the F-35 to to knock out nukes before they can enter the upper atmosphere.
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As the particles lose energy, they collide with elements in the upper atmosphere, creating shimmering bands of light in the night sky (auroras are always happening, but the Sun outshines them during the day.) CMEs are like solar wind gusts on steroids.
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The study relies on observations of the ozone layer through balloons launched from Antarctica, satellites designed to measure stratospheric ozone concentrations as well as computer models that simulate the evolution of the chemistry in the upper atmosphere and the response to volcanic eruptions.
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The device shoots four 22-watt laser beams—each nearly a foot in diameter and 4,000 times as powerful as a laser pointer—into the sky, where they radiate at a wavelength of 590 nanometers, exciting sodium atoms in the upper atmosphere.
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Very little chlorine exists naturally in the upper atmosphere as it generally emerges near Earth's surface -- for example from salt (sodium chloride, or NaCl) in sea spray -- in water-soluble forms that are "washed out" of the atmosphere by snow and rain.
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The rate of surface warming was predicted in the 1980s, the cooling in the upper atmosphere was forecast in a 1967 scientific paper, and specific measurements from space indicate that the total greenhouse effect has been enhanced exactly as theory would predict.
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This weekend's storm, which left more than two feet of snow on the ground up and down the most densely populated urban corridor in the United States, was kicked off by a high energy disturbance in the mid- to upper-atmosphere, the Jet Stream.
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Others have done this in the past, but the challenge has been in doing this in a way that will allow the balloon craft (called "stratollites" by World View) involved to stay in a relatively fixed location — a game-changing capability for upper-atmosphere operations.
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In addition, they say, the model needs to process weather information in more advanced ways, with greater resolution in both the horizontal and vertical scale, since the weather on the surface depends heavily on what is going on in the mid-to-upper atmosphere.
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Epstein, who died last month, was said to have masterminded an international sex-trafficking operation, accumulated inexplicable sums of money, and organized his professional and personal lives around a private, inaccessible island — all while plying his way into the upper atmosphere of the global elite.
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Electrically charged droplets of sulfuric acid circulate through the suffocating clouds, while a phenomenon called super-rotation whips the upper atmosphere into a vicious global hurricane that sweeps around the planet every four Earth days, with winds of 400 kilometers (250 miles) per hour.
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After being lifted into the sky on a rocket to altitudes of between 25 miles (40 km) and 62 miles (100 km), a hypersonic glide vehicle detaches and flies at up to five times the speed of sound along the upper atmosphere toward its target.
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"ICON will be the first mission to simultaneously track what's happening in Earth's upper atmosphere and in space to see how the two interact, causing the kind of changes that can disrupt our communications systems," Nicola Fox, NASA's director for heliophysics, said in a statement.
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The GOLD mission, situated in geostationary orbit over the Western Hemisphere, will take a global scan of the ionosphere and upper atmosphere every half-hour, allowing scientists to get a complete look at the temperature and weather of that region, which they've never had before.
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Examining the data also revealed that major cold air outbreaks and heavy snowfalls occurred more frequently in mid to late winter, when the abnormally warm air was found to extend all the way up to the upper atmosphere and likely disrupt the jet stream.
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On Monday, all the action was playing out some 123,000 feet above ground, in the upper atmosphere, where one weather front was diving out of the Midwest and expected to interact with a low-pressure system that was forming off the coast of North Carolina.
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Slight variations in the tilt, spin, and orbit of the earth change the amount and distribution of solar energy reaching its surface; the sun itself emits variable amounts of radiation; volcanoes spew ash that hangs in the upper atmosphere and reflects heat back into space.
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From NASA's description:This location — the site of Cassini's atmospheric entry — was at this time on the night side of the planet, but would rotate into daylight by the time Cassini made its final dive into Saturn's upper atmosphere, ending its remarkable 13-year exploration of Saturn.
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It's possible that these satellites could be outfitted with a "de-orbit kit," such as a balloon or sail; these tools increase the surface area of a satellite, allowing it to get bombarded by more particles in the upper atmosphere, which ultimately drag the satellite downward.
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"The Great Red Spot is a terrific source of energy to heat the upper atmosphere at Jupiter, but we had no prior evidence of its actual effects upon observed temperatures at high altitudes," said Luke Moore, co-author of the BU study, published in the journal Nature.
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The site, located on a high-altitude plateau near the rim of an extinct volcanic crater, will allow the pristine viewing conditions for spotting the bits of blue light known as Cherenkov radiation that are characteristic of high-energy gamma rays smashing into Earth's upper atmosphere.
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Scientists looking into ways to artificially cool the planet as a possible fix to global warming â€" a plan referred to as geoengineering â€" are considering mimicking the cooling mechanism from volcanoes by injecting tiny particles into the upper atmosphere, which would reflect incoming solar radiation.
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These observations show clearly that among other things, the surface of the planet has warmed, the upper atmosphere has cooled, the oceans are gaining an enormous amount of heat, sea level is rising, Arctic ice has greatly receded and glaciers around the world are in retreat.
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Each of these events left a unique fingerprint of change on the climate system, with impacts reaching from the upper atmosphere 30 miles high to the deep ocean four miles down, from the tropics to the poles, and in the sediments laid down in the geological record.
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"Some parts of the upper atmosphere are thicker than others meaning the craft slows unpredictably and since it travels around the Earth in just 90 minutes even an uncertainty of a two minutes means the craft could fall anywhere along a 1,000 kilometer track," Duffy said.
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Whether these noctilucent clouds have an impact on climate is unclear, but they are linked to increasing emissions of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, making them a stark reminder that the changes underway extend to the upper atmosphere, and will be as inescapable as the clouds.
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Whether or not a supervolcano has driven humans to the brink of extinction before, such massive volcanic eruptions — which release toxic gases and cool the planet by filling the upper atmosphere with sunlight-deflecting compounds — are suspected to have triggered several other mass extinctions in the fossil record.
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A number of ideas have been proposed to clean up the mess we've made up there, including balloons to slow down objects, kamikaze satellites, solar sails for pulling objects out of orbit, and—as the latest JAXA test indicates—an electrodynamic tether to nudge objects into the upper atmosphere.
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Thankfully they won't be used for annihilating planets, though, as ESO explains:The Four Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF) shines four 22-watt laser beams into the sky to create artificial guide stars by making sodium atoms in the upper atmosphere glow so that they look just like real stars.
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Some of those include potential "geoengineering" technological fixes aimed at making global-scale changes to earth systems, such as spraying reflective sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere to mimic the cooling effect of volcanic eruptions – a still untested technology that may pose little-understood risks to world rainfall patterns.
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"What happens is if you have a big area of thunderstorms in the tropics, that puts a lot of energy in the upper atmosphere, which propagates out and distorts weather in the middle latitudes where we are," said Cliff Mass, professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington.
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Scientists will launch a new camera to the station before the end of the year that will be mounted on the outside of the space lab to capture photos of thunderstorms as they occur on Earth, possibly unlocking the secrets of blue jets and other mysteries in the upper atmosphere.
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When NASA's Juno spacecraft—a 249 pound box of reinforced titanium strapped to a 150 foot-long solar panel—arrives in orbit around Jupiter on July 4th, humans will be able to peer beneath the monstrous gas giant's upper atmosphere for the first time, into the layers of poisonous thunder clouds packed below.
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The five-minute clip, produced for NASA TV by Harmonic and released on Apr 17, uses time lapses shot from the International Space Station and shows the dancing lights, which occur when electrically charged electrons and protons in the Earth's magnetic field collide with neutral atoms in the upper atmosphere, in gorgeous Ultra-High Definition.
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As if this wasn&apost bad enough, every once in a while, roughly once per square kilometer per year, a particle comes screaming into our upper atmosphere at truly monstrous speed, knocking against a hapless nitrogen or oxygen molecule and cascading into a shower of lower-energy (but still deadly, of course) secondary particles.
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The period of relative cooling and diminished human climate signal suggests more study is needed, Dr. Cook said, but he noted that one of the proposals for fighting the effects of climate change involves spraying aerosols containing sulfates into the upper atmosphere, a process similar to what occurred during the middle period of the study.
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As Gizmodo's Maddie Stone reported earlier:When NASA's Juno spacecraft—a 400 pound box of reinforced titanium strapped to a 66 foot-long solar panel—arrives in orbit around Jupiter on July 4th, humans will be able to peer beneath the monstrous gas giant's upper atmosphere for the first time, into the layers of poisonous thunder clouds packed below.
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The study, from a group of scientists at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research as well as the University of Potsdam, is the latest research to link an extreme weather event both to changes in the moisture and energy available for storms as a result of global warming, as well as to these unusual configurations of wind patterns in the upper atmosphere.
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"We have a very clear theory on how tropical cyclones intensify," said Suzana J. Camargo, an ocean and climate physicist at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, N.Y. The theory, largely the work of Kerry Emanuel, a scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, holds that the temperature difference between ocean and upper atmosphere determines how much a storm intensifies.
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Scientists say the effects of Hurricane Harvey, which has been stalled over the Texas Gulf Coast since Friday and dumped more than 20 inches of rain in some areas, were worsened by a lethal confluence of meteorological events: warm water in the Gulf of Mexico that intensified the rainfall, and a lack of winds in the upper atmosphere that could have steered Harvey away from land.
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"Some parts of the upper atmosphere are thicker than others meaning the craft slows unpredictably and since it travels around the Earth in just 90 minutes even an uncertainty of a two minutes means the craft could fall anywhere along a 1,000 kilometer track," Alan Duffy, a research fellow in the Center for Astrophysics and Supercomputing at Swinburne University of Technology in Australia, said.
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