1000 Sentences With "U boat" | Random Sentence Generator

It is named U-31, a German U-boat from World World I. The U-boat was 189 feet long, 13 feet wide and 15 feet high.

Despite this, the U-boat had limitations: torpedoes required calculating the target's trajectory.

A schematic of the German U-boat U-3523 overlaid with the radar image.

The Royal Navy's HMS Hermes was sunk by a German U-boat in 1914.

When a U-boat torpedoed the Athenia, bound from Britain to Montreal, on Sept.

Randall Peffer is the author of Where Divers Dare: The Hunt for the Last U-boat.

Nothing happens on a German U-boat, and then nothing happens on a prehistoric Antarctic island.

If you missed them, here they are: 23- and 28A: U-BOAT under the ATLANTIC OCEAN

And dazzle painting was all about cleverness, because it was about fooling the U-boat gunners.

A museum in Denmark has finally found the missing U-boat, ending this 73-year-old mystery.

U-boat U-20163 was found covered in coral, and at a depth of nearly 3,000 feet.

The San Diego, the Navy said, was destroyed by a mine laid by a German U-boat.

Morning crew left behind a whole U-boat of dry grocery that I had to put out.

Given the timing of the incident, the U-boat was likely not on patrol, but on the run.

IN 1943 A German U-boat surreptitiously landed on the coast of Labrador, Canada's frigid north-eastern peninsula.

His unrestricted U-boat campaign, targeting neutral ships as well as enemies, helped push America into the war.

Shortly after the Kyros started toward Russia, it was stopped by a German U-Boat known as UC58.

The U-boat sent hits to the tugboat Perth Amboy and its four barges and left an hour later.

During World War II, the Germans lost nearly 21000 submarines of all types, and over 28,000 U-boat sailers.

U‑550 is the last unfound German U‑boat known to have sunk in diveable waters off America's East

A German U-boat torpedoed and sank the British vessel Lusitania, killing (among others) 129 Americans who were aboard.

A replica of the VIIC-class U-boat was used in Das Boot and Raiders of the Lost Ark (pictured).

The Navy also fought the Nazis, as seen in this 1944 photo showing the capture of a German U-Boat.

Mr. Jones added, however, that a couple of days later, American aircraft sank a U-boat about 20 miles offshore.

The creators of the new version on Hulu returned to the submarine pen, for a send-off of yet another U-boat.

Young Klaus Hoffmann (Rick Okon), son (of course) of a legendary U-boat captain, takes over as "Kaleun" ("Kapitänsleutnant") of U-612.

On July 15, 1942, near North Carolina, the German U-boat U-576 succeeded in destroying the American merchant tanker SS Bluefields.

Factors like the angle a ship was traveling, its speed, and its distance from the U-boat itself all came into play.

For example, it seemed unable to devise an effective response to the German U-boat campaign along the East Coast in 1942.

That suggested that the remains of the commander and his crew — typically 22 in such a U-boat — would be buried within.

Able to speak both French and German, she was quickly hired and joined a team assigned to transcribe intercepted German U-boat messages.

And he was right: The Queen Elizabeth-class battleship had been destroyed by a German U-Boat, killing around 800 men on board.

Die-hard fans will likely feel they got their money's worth, and pocketing boatloads (or U-boat loads) of money is a virtual certainty.

The U-boat dates back to the First World War, and its near-pristine condition suggests the remains of all 23 sailors are still inside.

A former U-boat commander who hated the Weimar Republic and longed for a moral, Christian Germany, Niemöller initially supported Hitler, voting for him twice.

These colorful ships had artistically adventurous patterns that, due to the limitations of U-boat periscopes and torpedoes, were surprisingly effective at keeping ships safe.

Early in the war it was used by British military intelligence to examine odd lots of prisoners — U-boat crews, unlucky German paratroopers and spies.

According to Mr. Jones, on a night in July 1943, a German U-boat surfaced in full view of a couple sitting on their front porch.

Madsen was called Kaleun, for Kapitänleutnant, a nod to the 1981 film Das Boot, about a fictional German U-boat unit during World War II, Falkenberg said.

The German Type XXI U-boat was the Kriegsmarine's most advanced sub, and the first capable of making an extended trans-Atlantic voyage without having to resurface.

The occasion of these rumors was the arrival of a German U-boat at an Argentine naval base in July, 1945, two months after the Nazis surrendered.

And yet, to some extent, the setting in Western France and the focus on the U-boat war of course sanitize the story to a certain degree.

On Good Friday morning, 1916, Casement and two other Irishmen were deposited from a German U-boat near the shores of Banna Strand, outside Tralee, County Kerry.

The tide of the war eventually turned as the U.S. Navy began to anticipate and counter U-boat attacks, and merchant vessels were escorted by Navy convoys.

Given the inexorable creep of multinational brands like U-Boat and Vacheron Constantin into the tiny shops that fill the ancient bridge, this is no insignificant fact.

Director Wolfgang Petersen portrayed the universal suffering of war from the perspective of German troops in his six-hour movie detailing the claustrophobic life on a U-boat.

The US Navy originally dubbed the April 23, 1945, sinking an accident from a boiler explosion, but many survivors reported seeing a Nazi U-boat at the time.

New England-based Nomad Exploration Team found the USS Eagle 56, a patrol boat sunk by a German u-boat just five miles off the coast of Maine.

In 1942, Mr. Morfessis was on a ship bound for England with a cargo of cotton when a torpedo from a German U-boat set the vessel afire.

Captain Hardegen's marauding and the sinkings carried out by fellow U-boat captains led the Navy to organize convoys of merchant vessels escorted by warships along the coastlines.

Where Petersen's three-hour epic was itself a U-boat, silent and heavy and claustrophobic for much of its run time, this new version is a torpedo, efficient and relentless.

In 256, that ruling was changed to reflect the sinking as a deliberate act of war, perpetuated by German submarine U-273, a u-boat belonging to Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

Newspapers around the world picked up a fallacious Argentine news report that the U-boat had carried Hitler and other ranking Nazis out of Germany to the secret base on Antarctica.

In 2017, search teams found both a sunken World War I-era Australian submarine whose sinking remains a mystery as well as another Nazi U-boat that sunk in 1942.[BBC]

Wilkinson figured that, based on tests with models, if the U-boat gunner's estimate of distance and direction was off by at least eight degrees, a torpedo would miss its target.

As a former U-boat commander in World War I, Niemöller's pre-Nazi politics tended strongly toward the nationalistic and the conservative, and he was a critic of the Weimar regime.

Where Buchheim and Petersen took an agnostic, documentary approach to the all-male crews aboard their boats, this new Das Boot frames the U-boat war as a form of toxic masculinity.

The project was intended to commemorate the ship's sinking in 1915 by a German U-boat and to commemorate its 507 crew members and passengers, 343 of whom died in the attack.

But arguably the greatest restraint lay under the chilly waters of the Atlantic, where German U-boat submarines preyed on the convoys of merchant vessels bearing critically needed supplies from North America.

Reinhard Hardegen, a leading German submarine commander of World War II who brought U-boat warfare to the doorstep of New York Harbor in the winter of 19453, died on June 9.

Yet might not a larger American Navy have been able to escort ships to Europe in the teeth of the U-boat menace — and thus keep American boys out of the trenches?

Star attractions include a German U-Boat submarine seized in 1944, the only one captured during World War II. It is the length of a city block, the museum boasts on its website.

WRECKAGE OF WWII B-24 BOMBER DISCOVERED 74 YEARS AFTER IT WAS SHOT DOWN The Empire Wold never reached Shirvan's location, prompting speculation that it had also fallen victim to the U-boat.

Professor Aaron suggested in his autobiography that his chosen profession was augured when he was only 3, with the sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania by a German U-boat in 2600.

Most of the game is spent exploring grungy locations, like a creaking giant U-boat or the ruins of New York City, while firing machine guns at a seemingly never-ending wave of Nazis.

Buchheim's novel caused a massive stir in the 1970s because it thematized the crimes, the guilt, and the pervasive sense of futility among those who had volunteered for service in the U-boat war.

According to Erik Hasselman, commercial director at the Netherlands-based U-Boat Worx, which made the sub, the cost of a new C-Explorer 3 like this starts at around €2.5 million ($2.95 million).

The 21917-foot-long cruiser was en route from Portsmouth, N.H., to New York when it was sunk, it is assumed, by a floating German mine or a torpedo fired from a U-boat.

CASSANDRA CAVANAUGHNew York The landing of a German U-boat on the coast of Labrador in 1943 was not "the only known Nazi military operation on North American soil" ("Eye of the storm", July 6th).

Undeterred by this maritime tragedy, Jessop began working on the Britannica (dubbed the Titanic 2 by the media), until it came across a mine that had been planted by a German U-boat in 1916.

From WHERE DIVERS DARE: The Hunt for the Last U-Boat by Randall Peffer, to be published on April 5th by Berkley Caliber, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.

But fabricated still photos and movies purporting to show New York's lights as captured from U-21942 were shown in German movie theaters, according to Clay Blair's "Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939-1942" (1996).

The murderous power of U-boats entered the global consciousness on May 7, 1915, when a German U-boat torpedoed the ocean liner Lusitania off the Irish coast, killing 1,198 people — including more than 100 Americans.

Part of a convoy that was making its way from Scotland to Iceland, the Empire Wold was heading towards the final position of the tanker Shirvan, which had been sunk by U-300, a German U-Boat.

We have a total of six vessels floating on top of various waterways and, in a wink to the "odd man out" concept of theme development, there is a U-BOAT lurking just underneath the ATLANTIC OCEAN.

On 24 October 1938, Liebe commissioned , a Type IX U-boat assigned to 6th U-boat Flotilla.

The U-boat Front Clasp () or U-boat Combat Clasp, was a World War II German Kriegsmarine military decoration awarded to holders of the U-boat War Badge to recognize continued combat service and valor.

On 30 January 1942, Roselys spotted a U-boat about 400 yards from her. She turned towards the U-boat with the intention to ram it. The U-boat attempted to dive, but it was lightly rammed before it could submerge. As she passed over the U-boat, depth charges were dropped.

He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces, including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock. In May 1937, now an Oberleutnant zur See, Schultze transferred to the U-boat force, taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938. U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille (U-boat school flotilla); he spent the next year and a half training with the sub. On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat.

A cross-section of a Type VIIC U-boat. Miniature model of a Type VIIC. Detailed drawing of a Type VIIC U-boat. The Type VIIC was the workhorse of the German U-boat force, with 568 commissioned from 1940 to 1945.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, U-400 was attached to the 11th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 November 1944. The U-boat sailed from Horten Naval Base in Norway for her first war patrol on 15 November 1944, and headed for the waters off Land's End. Despite repeated requests for reports by the German U-boat Command, none were received. The U-boat was eventually listed as "missing" at the end of January 1945.

His training at the U-boat school included a specialized U-boat Torpedo Officer course (13 June – 2 July 1938) and U-boat course (3 July – 28 August 1938) which concluded his stay at the U-boat school. As a second Watch Officer he served on , and , under the command of Günther Prien, from 6 November 1938 to 21 April 1939 in the Wegener Flotilla.

A U-boat shells a merchant ship which has remained afloat after being torpedoed. The early U-boat operations from the French bases were spectacularly successful. This was the heyday of the great U-boat aces like Günther Prien of U-47, Otto Kretschmer (), Joachim Schepke (), Engelbert Endrass (), Victor Oehrn () and Heinrich Bleichrodt (). U-boat crews became heroes in Germany. From June until October 1940, over 270 Allied ships were sunk: this period was referred to by U-boat crews as "the Happy Time" ("Die Glückliche Zeit").

From April to August 1940 Rosenstiel went through U-boat training and then joined the 2nd U-boat Flotilla as a supernumerary watch officer until September 1940. Rosenstiel was Second Watch Officer (2WO) on the from September to November 1940 and then the boats first Watch Officer (1WO) until February 1941 when he began his U-boat Commander training with the 24th U-boat Flotilla and then with the 22nd U-boat Flotilla. In preparation of taking command of a new boat Rosenstiel went through U-boat familiarization at Deutsche Werft, Hamburg from 17 April 1941. On 31 May 1941 Rosenstiel commissioned the new Type IXC boat at Hamburg.

After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla, she was assigned to the 10th U-boat Flotilla on 1 February 1944 in Lorient in occupied France.

The U-boat War Badge () was a German war badge that was awarded to U-boat crew members during World War I and World War II.

After her commissioning, U-405 joined the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training, before serving with the 1st, 11th and 6th U-boat flotillas under operational conditions.

He played the role of the U-boat, while Janet Okell played the role of the escorts. Five times in a row, Okell sank Horton's U-boat.

Möltenort U-Boat Memorial (U-Boot-Ehrenmal Möltenort) U-Boat war badge Commemorative plaques Mourning ribbons The U-Boot-Ehrenmal Möltenort (Möltenort U-Boat Memorial) in Heikendorf near Kiel is a memorial site belonging to the German War Graves Commission, commemorating the sailors who died serving in U-Boat units during the First and Second World Wars, along with all victims of submarine warfare. The memorial also honours U-Boat sailors from the Bundeswehr who have been killed in action since. The memorial site is an emblem of Heikendorf.

U-1021 served with 31st U-boat Flotilla, a training unit, and later with 11th U-boat Flotilla from 1 December 1944 until its disappearance in March 1945.

British Interrogation Reports Manke was awarded the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class, the U-boat Front Clasp, the U-boat War Badge and the German Cross in Gold.

Assigned to the 24th U-boat Flotilla, the U-boat served throughout the war under a number of commanders, but always as a training vessel, seeing no combat service. She was transferred to the 22nd U-boat Flotilla on 1 July 1944, and then to the 31st U-boat Flotilla on 1 February 1945. The submarine was scuttled on 2 May 1945 near Wilhelmshaven, in position , only a few days before the German surrender.

On 1 May 1941 U-37 was reassigned to the 26th U-boat Flotilla, based at Pillau (now Baltiysk, Russia) as a training U-boat. She was transferred to the 22nd U-boat Flotilla, based at Gotenhafen (now Gdynia, Poland) on 1 April 1942, and finally to the 4th U-boat Flotilla on 1 July 1944, where she remained until the end of the war. She was scuttled by her crew in May 1945.

Jak P Mallmann Showell Hitler's U-boat Bases (2002) Sutton Publishing p. 55 German U-boat bases in occupied Norway operated between 1940 and 1945, when the Kriegsmarine (German navy), converted several naval bases in Norway into submarine bases. Trondheim was an important U-boat base in Norway during the war. It was the home of the 13th U-boat Flotilla and it had 55 U-boats assigned to the flotilla during its service.

The U-boat crew also spotted the aircraft, but not knowing that it was unarmed, attempted to flee. The U-boat became stuck on a sandbar, and consequently became an easy target. Rinker and Manning radioed to mission base the opportunity and circled the U-boat for more than half an hour.

U.) to which all the flotillas directly reported. The first U-boat region was created in Italy in November 1941 to provide local command authority for the U-boat flotillas operating in the Mediterranean Sea. The largest region, "Region West" headquartered in Paris, was established in 1942 to oversee U-boat activity during the Battle of the Atlantic.Gröner, Erich, Die Schiffe der deutschen Kriegsmarine und ihr Verbleib 1939-1945, J.F. Lehmanns Verlag, München (1976) Later war U-boat regions were created between 1943 and 1944 due to the various operational needs of the U-boat flotillas.

To counter the German submarines, the Allies moved shipping into convoys guarded by destroyers, blockades such as the Dover Barrage and minefields were laid, and aircraft patrols monitored the U-boat bases. The U-boat campaign was not able to cut off supplies before the US entered the war in 1917 and in later 1918, the U-boat bases were abandoned in the face of the Allied advance. The tactical successes and failures of the Atlantic U-boat Campaign would later be used as a set of available tactics in World War II in a similar U-boat war against the British Empire.

The U-boat then sailed to Kiel, arriving on 22 January. Command of the U-boat passed to her 1.WO, Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Joachim Schwantke, as Lüth left to commission .

Part of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla, U-205 carried out two patrols in the North Atlantic. Joining 29th U-boat Flotilla, she carried out a further ten patrols in the Mediterranean.

He transferred to the U-boat service on 19 May 1937 and completed the U-boat school. Schultze was first posted on board of on 30 March 1938, initially serving as a second watch officer. He was made first watch officer on board of U-31 on 6 November 1938 and promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (sub-lieutenant) on 1 April 1939. He received command of his first U-boat, , a school U-boat, on 8 June 1940.Busch & Röll 2003, p. 233.

Grenfell's crew went through their "abandon ship" evolution, putting out boats manned by a "panic party", while Penshurst stopped, waiting for the U-boat to come closer. However the U-boat declined to come closer, and with it partly hidden in the glare of the setting sun Penshurst opened fire. She got several shots off before the U-boat dived, and closed to drop depth charges on the spot, but the U-boat (which was unidentified) escaped. The following day on 30 November Penshurst, having changed her appearance and moved to a different part of the Channel, came upon a U-boat, UB-19 attacking the steamer Ibex.

Such a weapon had long been dreamed of by submariners and Roberts deduced that the Germans had just invented the first practical one. Roberts surmised that the Germans' acoustic torpedo could only track targets that were in a 60 degree cone ahead of it (he was correct), so the escort ship must first place itself outside this cone when it goes after the U-boat. When the escort ship sights a U-boat, it was to turn towards the U-boat and fire a star shell to let the U-boat know that it had been spotted, which would prompt the U-boat to submerge and fire its acoustic torpedo.Williams (1979).

On 22 September, the U-boat was attacked by a B-24 Liberator, wounding the commander. The U-boat returned to port under the command of the I WO. Leutnant zur See Ernst-August Gerke.

This class of U-boat did not carry a deck gun.

U-856 was ordered in June 1941 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1062. Her keel was laid down on 31 October 1942 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 11 May 1943. She was commissioned into service under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Friedrich Wittenberg (Crew X/37) in 4th U-boat Flotilla. The U-boat was working up for deployment in the Baltic Sea until transferring to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla for front-line service.

In November 1939, Pretoria was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine and used as a U-boat depot ship. Initially based at Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, she served the 1st U-boat Flotilla, based at Neustadt, Hamburg, from January 1940. In December she was transferred to 21st U-boat Flotilla, based at Pillau, East Prussia. In 1945, she was converted to a hospital ship.

Finally, at dawn, the destroyer's persistence was rewarded. She sighted the U-boat on the surface about ahead. Sterett sliced through the waves at top speed seeking to ram the submarine, but the U-boat countered by swinging hard to port. Sterett passed within of the submarine and, as the U-boat attempted to dive, brought her guns to bear.

The U-boat in the film Raiders of the Lost Ark has the number U-26. However, the film's submarine is a Type VIIC U-boat. This is because the replica used was actually one of U-96, on loan from the makers of Das Boot. Both movies were filming at the La Rochelle U-boat pens around the same time.

U-338 was nicknamed Wildesel ("Wild Donkey") after an incident on the day of its launch, when the U-boat broke free from its moorings and struck a small tug boat, sinking it. After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla at Danzig, U-338 was transferred to the 7th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 March 1943.

Prien then joined the U-boat training force. Prien attended the U-boat school in Kiel from 1 October 1935 to 30 April 1936. His training included a specialized U-boat torpedo course which was held on . On 11 May 1936, Prien was appointed first Watch Officer on , serving under the command of Werner Hartmann after forming a bond at the training school.

U-79 conducted three patrols whilst serving with 1st U-boat Flotilla from 13 March 1941 to 30 September. She was then reassigned to the 23rd U-boat Flotilla from 1 October until she was sunk.

Together with the 5. Marineartillerie-Abteilung (5th Naval Artillery Department), German troops landed on the Hel Peninsula. For his actions in these battles he received the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 2 October 1939. Merten volunteered for service with the U-boat arm in 1940. He attended his first U-boat training course with the torpedo school in Flensburg-Mürwik (29 April– 2 June 1940), followed by another course at the communications school, also in Flensburg-Mürwik (3–30 June 1940). He was then posted to the 1st U-boat Training Division (1 July – 29 September 1940), followed by a U-boat commander's course with the 24th U-boat Flotilla (30 September – 29 November 1940).

U-991 was used as a Training ship in the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 29 July 1943 to 31 August 1944 before serving in the 11th U-boat Flotilla for active service on 1 September 1944.

In October 1941 Oesten became the first commander of the 9th U-boat Flotilla based in Brest, France. In March 1942 he joined the staff of FdU Nordmeer directing the U-boat war in the Norwegian Sea.

This was the first U-boat success in the Arctic Sea. The U-boat returned to Kirkenes on 7 August after 16 days at sea, and after two days headed for Trondheim, arriving there on 13 August.

The charges exploded, catching the U-boat in the midst of them.

Woody Woodmansey's U-Boat was an English rock band, formed in 1976.

Fifty men went down with the U-boat; there were no survivors.

Friedrich Guggenberger(1915-1988), U-boat captain during the Second World War.

Bleichrodt appears to have suffered a breakdown whilst at sea on 26 December 1943.U-boat aces He radioed U-boat headquarters to request an immediate return to port, but this was initially denied. On 31 December Bleichrodt insisted that he return, and handed command to his 1WO, who brought U-109 back to Saint Nazaire. He was transferred to a training job with the 27th U-boat Flotilla, spending five months there followed by a year in the 2nd ULD (U-boat training division) as tactical instructor for the officers.

From July 1940 to the end of the war in May 1945, 270 U-boat patrols originated in Bergen. Bergen was also the site where the only type XXI submarine left for a patrol in the war; left the port on 3 May 1945. Planning for the first U-boat bunker in Bergen began in late 1940 and was undertaken by the German military engineering group, the Todt Organisation. It coordinated the building of the first U-boat bunker in Bergen, codenamed Bruno, as well as several other U-boat bunkers along the Norwegian coast.

At the outbreak of World War I, he was serving as the navigation officer on . In October 1914 he was appointed First Admiralty Staff Officer with the U-boat Command, a position he held until May 1918, when he took over command of I U-boat Flotilla in Pola. From March 1917 till May 1918 he was also in command of the light cruiser . After the Armistice with Germany he returned to the staff of U-boat Command in December 1918, where he was charged with demobilization of the Mediterranean U-boat Command.

The 10th U-boat Flotilla (German 10. Unterseebootsflottille) was a German U-boat flotilla used for front-line combat purposes during World War II. Founded on 15 January 1942 at Lorient under the command of Korvettenkapitän Günther Kuhnke, eighty U-boats operated with this flotilla before it was dissolved on 21 August 1944, and the remaining U-boats were moved to bases in Norway and Germany. Kuhnke himself took command of , the last U-boat to leave, on 27 August 1944 to sail to Flensburg where he assumed command of 33rd U-boat Flotilla.

After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla at Königsberg, U-309 was transferred to the 11th U-boat Flotilla based in Bergen on 1 August 1943, Norway, for front-line service. The U-boat departed Kiel on 26 August, arriving at Bergen seven days later, on 1 September. From there she sailed out into the Norwegian Sea on 13 September, and arrived in Trondheim six days later on the 18th. As U-309 was then reassigned to the 9th U-boat Flotilla based at Brest in France.

In 1941, the Germans, then occupying France, chose to establish a U-boat base at Lorient. But the submarines quickly became targets of constant bombing from Allied air forces. The Germans decided to build a complex of bomb-proof submarine pens, their largest U-boat base, which would house the 2nd and the 10th U-boat flotillas for the bulk of the Battle of the Atlantic. Karl Dönitz, then supreme commander of the U-boat Arm, moved his staff in the Kernevel villa, just across the water from Keroman, in Larmor-Plage.

The 5th U-boat Flotilla (German 5. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Emsmann Flotilla, was a U-boat flotilla of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The flotilla was formed in December 1938 in Kiel under the command of Korvettenkapitän Hans-Rudolf Rösing. It was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Joachim Emsmann, a U-boat commander during World War I, who died on 28 October 1918 after his U-boat was sunk by a mine. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1940 and the boats were all transferred to 1st Flotilla.

Commanded throughout her entire career by Korvettenkapitän Ralf-Reimar Wolfram, she served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla undergoing crew training from her commissioning until 31 October 1944. She was then reassigned to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla.

U-147 is erroneously named as the German submarine setting of the May 12, 1959 episode, "The Haunted U-Boat", of the American supernatural anthology series Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond."One Step Beyond": The Haunted U-Boat.

Only in 1968 a wreck was discovered, confirming the sinking of an U-boat. It is assumed that the U-boat in question was U-879, but there are indicators that it might have been U-857 instead.

The 9th U-boat Flotilla (German 9. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in October 1941 in Brest. It became operational in April 1942, after the first combat ready u-boat, , reached the Brest base on 20 March 1942. The flotilla operated mostly various marks of the Type VII U-boat and it concentrated its efforts mainly in the North Atlantic, against convoys to and from Great Britain.

At 06:18 on 13 May, the 4,471-ton Swedish merchant ship Tolken was hit by a single torpedo from U-94. The U-boat was driven off by the convoy escorts, but returned at 09:30. Approaching the damaged ship on the surface, the U-boat was shot by the ship's machine guns. At 10:20 the U-boat attacked again with torpedoes.

Initially attached to the 24th U-boat Flotilla, she was transferred to the 21st U-boat Flotilla based at Pillau (now Baltiysk, Russia) on 1 December 1942, and served throughout the war under a number of commanders as a training boat, seeing no combat service. The U-boat was stricken on 1 March 1945, and surrendered to the British in May. She was later broken up.

On the night of 8 April 1944, planes from Guadalcanal attacked a surfaced German U-boat. The U-boat immediately submerged for deep evasive tactics. Pillsbury and raced to the scene and Pillsbury made initial sound contact and attacked with hedgehogs. The depth charges forced the U-boat to the surface, but the German sailors were determined to fight to a finish with their torpedoes.

During the first five months of 1945, the U-boat Arm (UbW) of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine dispatched 125 U-boat patrols to the Atlantic, operating principally in British coastal waters. By 5 May, just 29 were still at large.

He spent time here as a staff officer, and also as the leader of the 'Erprobungsgruppe U-Boote' (U-boat testing group). He briefly moved on 22 April 1945 to become the last commander of 25th U-boat Flotilla.

The 13th U-boat Flotilla (German 13. Unterseebootsflottille) was a World War II U-Boat unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine stationed in Trondheim, Norway. The emblem of the unit was a cross with a Viking ship in the middle.

Although releasing the U-boat from the grip of the mud was a problem, she eventually freed herself, and once again U-333 escaped. The U-boat returned to base on 20 April 1944, again having had no success.

Poolman (1972), p.64. That afternoon a Swordfish sighted and attacked a U-boat diving only from the convoy. The same U-boat——was located and sunk by two of the escorts, , a , and , a .Poolman (1972), p.65.

50 men died in the U-boat; there was one survivor, Alfons Eckert.

Weddigen was named for Otto Weddigen, German World War I U-boat ace.

The first U-boat to use the bunker was on 17 January 1943.

A Game of Birds and Wolves, chpt. 17 The Germans hung a photograph of him in the Operations Room of their U-boat Headquarters in Flensburg, with the caption: "This is your enemy, Captain Roberts, Director of Anti U-boat Tactics".

The trials were not repeated. E22 was torpedoed by the German U-boat off Great Yarmouth in the North Sea on 25 April 1916. There were two survivors, ERA F.S. Buckingham and Signalman William Harrod, taken prisoner by the U-Boat.

After a period of training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, based at Königsberg in the Baltic Sea, U-255 was transferred to the 11th U-boat Flotilla, based at Bergen, Western Norway, for front-line service on 1 July 1942.

Postwar research revealed the attacking sub to be U-boat , commanded by Kapitanleutnant Harro Schacht. Schacht was still in command of the U-Boat when it was bombed and sunk off Brazil on 13 January 1943, by U.S. Navy aircraft.

There is also an extensive in-game manual that covers the development of the U-boat, time-line based maps that show kill-to-loss ratios, and, on the CD-ROM version, video interviews with former German U-boat captains.

On 1 December 1942, U-755 was transferred from 9th U-boat Flotilla, to 29th U-boat Flotilla. She began her twenty-five-day-long third voyage on 27 January 1943. She returned to La Spezia from Algeria on 20 February.

For his service on U-46, Topp was awarded the U-boat War Badge () on 7 November 1939 and the Iron Cross 2nd Class () in January 1940. On 1 May 1940, he was transferred to the 1st U-boat Flotilla.

By 1945 U-Boat actions had reduced to pinpricks, but their potential forced the Allies to maintain large naval and air forces, and expend considerable resources, to counter the threat. During the first five months of 1945, the U-boat Arm dispatched 19 U-boat patrols to American waters, including seven sailings constituting group Seewolf, the last wolf pack of the Battle of the Atlantic. By 5 May 1945, the day U-boat Command (BdU) ordered the U Boat Arm to cease hostilities, just nine were still at large; six off the US coast, and three Seewolf boats in mid-ocean. Of these, two were involved in action with the USN, the last actions in American waters during the Atlantic campaign.

Flotillas 15, 16, and 17 were scheduled for activation between 1942 and 1943 but were never organized and thus never assigned to a region. Flotilla 28 was ordered in 1944 and likewise never formed. The 30th U-boat Flotilla operated independently in the Black Sea and was never assigned to a U-boat region. The last flotilla of the war (the 33rd U-boat Flotilla) also operated independently of a region.

The U-boat detected radar transmissions several times, and dived immediately. She continued north before altering course to the west to pass through the Rosengarten ("rose garden", the German naval slang term for a minefield) between Iceland and the Faroe Islands, encountering drifting mines several times. The U-boat then received orders from the BdU ("U-boat High Command") to proceed to a position roughly 400 miles west of Rockall.

Taking the opportunity, Grenfell waited until the U-boat drew nearer, then opened fire. UB-19 was fatally damaged and sank. Grenfell was awarded the DSO for this achievement.Kemp p21 On 14 January Penshurst was able to repeat her success. Two months later she was on patrol in the Channel when she encountered a U-boat, UB-37. The U-boat closed in, opening fire at 3,000 yards.

U-Boat Worx was the first submarine manufacturer who applied Lithium-ion batteries in her submarines with classification by DNV GL. Pressure tolerant Battery technology – U-Boat Worx developed a pressure tolerant battery system with an increased capacity of 350% when compared to lead-acid batteries used non U-Boat Worx submersibles. The technology has been tested to 13,000 feet and stores a total of 62 kWh on compact battery modules.

Born in Gotha, Liebe began his Reichsmarine career in 1927. Promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See on 1 June 1931, Liebe served on the World War I battleship for four years. In September 1935, Liebe transferred to the U-boat arm. On 1 October 1936, Liebe was promoted to Kapitänleutnant (lieutenant) and assigned commander of , a Type II U-boat attached to the pre-war U-Boat training flotilla.

Harris believed striking this target would show his command was capable, and demonstrate his commitment to the anti-U-boat campaign. The MAN plant produced half of all the U-boat engines built. Destroying this plant would greatly impede U-boat production. Among the difficulties for Bomber Command was that the factory was a fairly small target. Bomber Command’s night raids had not proven to be very accurate thus far.

Both the U-boat and aircraft were forced to return to their respective bases.

In 2016, Germany commissioned its newest U-boat, the U-36, a Type 212.

Raeder was replaced by Admiral Karl Dönitz, the commander of the U-boat fleet.

Germany desires Gerhard to return to Germany, sending a U-Boat to abduct him.

On 17 January Wanderer was searching for a German blockade runner along with frigate and the corvette when they detected a weak sonar contact to the south west of Cape Clear which turned out to be a U-boat. Together they carried out several Hedgehog attacks, with little effect, before Wanderer made a fast depth-charge barrage attack which sank the U-boat at .Whinney 1986, p.12-18 The U-boat was identified as Paul Kemp, U-Boats Destroyed (1997) , p165Axel Niestle, U-Boat Losses during World War II (1998) , p54 but recent research suggests she may have been .

Overseeing German U-boat training and deployment of the U-boat bases in France, he later organised U-boat picket lines in the mid-Atlantic to find and attack Allied convoys. Promoted to rear admiral in 1942, von Friedeburg assumed command of the German U-boat fleet in February of the following year. He was awarded the Ritterkreuz des Kriegsverdienstkreuzes mit Schwertern on 17 January 1945. He succeeded Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine when Dönitz became Reich President upon Hitler's suicide (and per Hitler's last will), and was promoted to general admiral on 1 May 1945.

In August 1917 she fought an action against two armed trawlers, Nelson and Ethel & Millie. Both of these were sunk, and the crew of Ethel & Millie were picked up by the U-boat, after which they were not seen again. The suspicion then, and subsequently, is that they were disposed of by the U-boat commander, perhaps by being left to drown while the U-boat submerged.Ritchie p125 The German government had made it clear they regarded the crews of merchant ships who fought back against U-boat attacks as francs-tireurs, and thus liable to execution.

Returns were lost in sea clutter once the aircraft was within about of the U-boat but usually by then, the aircraft was within visual range—and the U-boat was well into a crash dive. Wing Commander Humphry de Verde Leigh developed the Leigh light, a powerful floodlight steered by the ASV radar, allowing aircraft to search for U-boats at night. The U-boat was tracked by the radar with the light switched off, following the radar track. Once the returns were lost, the light would be switched on bathing the U-boat in light.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-240 was transferred to the 9th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 February 1944. She sailed from Kiel to Kristiansand in Norway, on 27 to 28 March 1944, departing from there on her first combat patrol on 13 May. The U-boat was listed as missing in the North Sea west of Norway from 17 May 1944. No definite explanation exists for her loss, but Sunderland JM667/V of No. 330 Norwegian Squadron (RAF Coastal Command) attacked and sank an unidentified U-boat in that area on 16 May.

The 3rd U-boat Flotilla (German 3. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Lohs Flotilla, was the third operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 4 October 1937 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hans Eckermann,3\. Unterseebootsflottille . Uboatnet.de. Retrieved 28 January 2007.

Moehle became the commander of 5th U-boat Flotilla and was also appointed to command the U-boat base at Kiel from June 1941, a post he held until the end of the war. On 1 March 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän.

U-155 crash-dived to avoid Bernadou, but the destroyer never saw the U-boat. U-155 made another emergency dive while shadowing the convoy at 1042 hrs, but Edison did not detect the U-boat. , and found the convoy on 23 February.

After this patrol, the U-boat was put under the command of Oblt. Erich Steinbrink.

Ingham was the last active warship in the US fleet with a U-Boat kill.

On 4 May 1945, U-904 was scuttled at the U-boat base in Eckernförde.

No. 269 Squadron scored its first confirmed U-boat kill by sinking on 5 October.

U-39 was the first German U-boat to be sunk in World War II.

The escort sank the U-boat with depth charges, killing its entire crew of 55.

The Allies Ultra code breaking allowed convoys to be steered around German U-Boat wolfpacks.

Massue attacked U-64 with depth charges, but the U-boat successfully evaded her attacker.

At 13:05 the U-boat estimated that it was now about eight miles ahead of the convoy and submerged to use her hydrophones, proceeding dead slow at a depth of . On detecting propeller noise, the U-boat altered course to approach the convoy. After half an hour the hydrophone operator heard faint propeller noises approaching. The U-boat altered course again and after 15 minutes the operator again reported oncoming propeller noises.

Bron placed U-Boat as support band on the extensive 1977 Uriah Heep UK and European tour. Bron suggested that prefixing Woody Woodmansey’s, to the name U-Boat, would for marketing purposes help sales, thus the name was edited just before release of the first album. U-Boat broke attendance records at the Marquee Club during their five-week residency in the summer of 1977. The band were influential with many emerging punk outfits.

The first American hostile action against Axis forces was on 10 April 1941, when the destroyer attacked a German U-boat: the U-52, which had just sunk the Dutch freighter Saleier near Iceland. Niblack was picking up survivors of the freighter when it detected U-52 preparing to attack. The Niblack attacked with depth charges and drove off the U-boat. There were no casualties on board Niblack or the U-boat.

U-991 was used as a Training ship in the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 19 August 1943 to 29 February 1944 where she had been trained and tested at the individual commands (UAK, TEK, AGRU-Front, etc.) and had been part of Ausbildungsflottillen (26th U-boat Flotilla, 27 U-flotilla, etc.) for remaining works and equipment, before serving in the 3rd U-boat Flotilla for active service on 1 March 1944.

U-972 was used as a Training ship in the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 8 April 1943 to 30 November 1943 where she had been trained and tested at the individual commands (UAK, TEK, AGRU-Front, etc.) and had been part of Ausbildungsflottillen (26th U-boat Flotilla, 27 U-flotilla, etc.) for remaining works and equipment, before serving in the 6th U-boat Flotilla for active service on 1 December 1943.

The following month, on 30 March, Penshurst again encountered a U-boat, UB-32, but on this occasion the U-boat was able to inflict severe damage to her before escaping. Penshurst was towed back to Portsmouth where she was docked for repairs and a refit. On 2 July, back in service and under a new commander, Lt C Naylor, Penshurst was again in the SW Approaches when she fell in with another U-boat.

Then Korvettenkapitän (Lieutenant Commander) Godt transferred to the newly established U-boat arm; commanding during the Spanish Civil War. In January 1938 he was appointed to the staff of the commander of the U-boat force, Admiral Dönitz. In October he became the force's chief of operations. He continued in this role until January 1943 when he assumed full tactical command of U-Boat operations after Dönitz was promoted to command the Kriegsmarine.

Jak P Mallmann Showell Hitler's U-boat Bases (2002) Sutton Publishing p. 55 German U-boat bases in occupied Norway operated between 1940 and 1945, when the Kriegsmarine (German navy), converted several naval bases in Norway into submarine bases. Trondheim was an important U-boat base in Norway during the war. It was the home of the 13th flotilla and it had 55 U-boats assigned to the flotilla during its service.

Beta Search was a tactic to be employed when an escort's lookout had sighted a U-boat. When a U-boat was spotted, the escort ship that spotted it was to move in its direction without firing flares, using sonar, or dropping depth charges. The U-boat's captain would reflexively order his ship to submerge. The escort ship was then to pass over it, making the U-boat crew believe they had escaped detection.

In the Battle of the Atlantic, the precautions were taken to the extreme. In most cases where the Allies knew from intercepts the location of a U-boat in mid-Atlantic, the U-boat was not attacked immediately, until a "cover story" could be arranged. For example, a search plane might be "fortunate enough" to sight the U-boat, thus explaining the Allied attack. Some Germans had suspicions that all was not right with Enigma.

Remains of U-boat pens in Bordeaux (2009) Admiral Dönitz decided in mid-1941 to build protective U-boat pens in Bordeaux. Construction began in September 1941. Constructed of reinforced concrete, wide, deep, and high, with a roof above the pens thick, and thick above the rear servicing area. On 15 October 1942, the 12th U-boat Flotilla was formed at Bordeaux by the Kriegsmarine under the command of Korvettenkapitän Klaus Scholtz.

Jenisch joined the navy, then named Reichsmarine, in 1933, and after serving in the cruiser transferred to the U-boat arm in 1937. He served as 1WO (second-in-command) of under Werner Lott, before taking command of the U-boat in February 1940.

Grenfell sent off his panic party, and allowed Penshurst to turn as she slowed, to be broadside-on to the U-boat. However, the U-boat made to cross Penshurst's bow, continuing to fire, causing damage and several casualties over a twenty-minute period.

The 12th U-boat Flotilla (German 12. Unterseebootsflottille) was a German U-boat flotilla formed on 15 October 1942 at Bordeaux under the command of Korvettenkapitän Klaus Scholtz. The flotilla was disbanded on 25 August 1944 due to the imminent arrival of Allied forces.

The Action of 18 June 1918 was an attack on two allied ships near Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean by an Imperial German Navy u-boat during World War I. Sinking an allied merchant vessel, the American warship failed to destroy the U-boat.

During a British air raid on Hamburg on 5 April 1945, U-677 was damaged while in the Howaldtswerke yard. In a second air raid four days later, U-677 as well as another U-boat, , sank in the U-boat pen Fink II.

In June 1942 a U-boat sank her with one torpedo and fired 53 rounds from its deck gun. The 5,226 ton was completed in 1940. A U-boat torpedoed and sank her in November 1942. The 5,297 ton Brockley Hill was built in 1918.

The 1st U-boat flotilla (German 1. Unterseebootsflottille) also known as the Weddigen flotilla, was the first operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (navy). Founded on 27 September 1935 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Karl Dönitz,1\. Unterseebootsflottille . Uboatnet.de. Retrieved 21 July 2006.

The U-boat tried to evade by crash diving, but T18, piloted by Lieutenant H.G. Bradshaw, dropped two FIDO torpedoes, which both hit the U-boat on the starboard side. and later recovered some bodies, body parts, and pieces of wreckage. There were no survivors.

U-81 reached La Spezia on 1 December, where she joined the 29th U-boat Flotilla.

The U-boat completed two combat patrols in early 1945, but did not sink any ships.

The fourth U-boat in the film The Navy Comes Through has the number U-51.

The U-boat was scuttled on 3 May 1945 in Kiel. The wreck was broken up.

See: Helgason, Guðmundur.,. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved on 17 March 2009.

Metzler developed renal colic a few days after leaving St. Nazaire on his fourth patrol in August 1941, forcing the U-boat to return to port. After two months in hospital he served as the leading training officer in 25th and 27th U-boat Flotilla until February 1943. Metzler commanded from February to June 1943 without sailing on any patrols, and was appointed temporary locum commander of 5th U-boat Flotilla for two months before serving as commander of 19th U-boat Flotilla from October 1943 until the end of war. In 1954 Metzler published a memoir The Laughing Cow: The Story of U-69.

The U-boat closed in at periscope depth and sought a favourable firing position for a torpedo attack, but I'll Try was able to manoeuvre to avoid this by turning towards the periscope and forcing the U-boat to go deep. After two hours Crisp turned away, attempting to draw the U-boat to the surface; there was no sign of it, so he turned back to search. Then the U-boat surfaced from I'll Try and turned to close, firing a single torpedo which just missed I'll Trys stern. Crisp opened fire, and scored hits on the U-boats conning tower, which was awash.

In the last weeks of the war, when U-boat operations were mostly restricted to the North Sea around Norway, the Oberkommando der Marine (OKM) became the direct commander for the U-boat regions. Some flotillas overlapped between regions due to shifting base assignments and operational tasking.

The Action of 6 October 1944 was an incident of World War II in which a German U-boat was sunk by a Dutch submarine while operating in the Java Sea. The sinking was part of the German U-boat campaign in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Mützelburg joined the Reichsmarine of the Weimar Republic on 1 April 1932 as member of "Crew 32" (the incoming class of 1932). After spending two years on minesweepers, in October 1939 he joined the U-boat arm. He spent five months commanding the school boat from June to November 1940 as part of 21st U-boat Flotilla, receiving his first combat experience aboard under Joachim Schepke. He commissioned into 1st U-boat Flotilla in February 1941.

As the U-boat began to dive, she rammed her, cutting her in two. U-15 went down with all hands, the first U-boat loss to an enemy warship. Birmingham also sank two German merchant ships that year and took part in the Battle of Heligoland on 28 August, and the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915. In February, she joined the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron, attacking a u-boat on 18 June 1915 without success.

After a period of training on surface vessels he transferred to the U-boat force in 1936. Following the sinking of HMS Courageous the entire crew of U-29 received the Iron Cross 2nd Class while Schuhart as commander received both classes of the Iron Cross, 2nd and 1st Class. After further six war patrols, Schuhart became commander of the 1. U-Lehr Division ("1st U-boat Training Division") and later of the 21st U-boat Flotilla.

After five years of operational U-boat service, including 15 war-patrols and over 600 days at sea, Lüth took command of 22nd U-boat Flotilla stationed at Gotenhafen in January 1944. This was a training unit for U-boat commanders. In July 1944 he took command of the 1st Department of the Naval Academy Mürwik in Flensburg. He was promoted to Fregattenkapitän (commander) on 1 August 1944 and became the commander of the entire academy in September.

Liberator Z returned to the convoy, only to return an hour later to find Liberator T of No. 120 Squadron RAF attacking an U-boat, which turned out to be U-643. The two aircraft attacked with depth charges and strafed the U-boat. When two more Liberators arrived at the scene, the U-boat's crew prepared to abandon ship. Upon arrival of the destroyer the U-boat was scuttled, 18 survivors were picked up by Orwell.

This was due to the loss of three U-boat aces in March, and British Intelligence penetration of the U-boat Arms Enigma code after April. In 5 June EG moved to escort south- and north- bound convoys to and from Gibraltar and the South Atlantic. These too were successful, despite the threat across the Bay of Biscay of both air and U-boat attack. In October 1941 5 EG returned to escort duty in the North Atlantic.

U-878 was ordered in April 1942 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1086. Her keel was laid down on 16 June 1943 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 6 January 1944. She was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Johannes Rodig (Crew 36) in 4th U-boat Flotilla. After completing training and work up for deployment, U-878 was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla.

The U-boat departed Messina on 14 December 1941 and sailed around Greece into the Aegean Sea. There at 21:34 on 19 December she torpedoed the unescorted 6,557 ton Soviet tanker Varlaam Avanesov, which sank two hours later 2.5 miles off Cape Babakale, Çanakkale Province, Turkey. The survivors abandoned ship in lifeboats, reached the Turkish coast and were later repatriated. The U-boat arrived at La Spezia on 1 January 1942, where she joined 29th U-boat Flotilla.

While headed to St. John's in moderate seas under a cloudy sky, West Gate was attacked by two German submarines at 19:15 on 3 July. One U-boat surfaced in front of the cargo ship, crossing to starboard. As West Gate quickly turned to port to evade the U-boat, a second U-boat surfaced one point to starboard. While West Gates radio operator sent out a preemptive SOS, her gunners opened fire on the two submarines.

The 2nd U-boat Flotilla (German 2. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as the Saltzwedel Flotilla, was the second operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 1 September 1936 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Werner Scheer, it was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Reinhold Saltzwedel. Saltzwedel, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 2 December 1917, when his submarine UB-81 was sunk by a mine in the English Channel.

The U-boat was ordered in January 1941 and laid down at the DESCHIMAG AG Weser shipyard on 17 March 1942. Assigned yard number 1056, she was launched on 7 December of that year. Commissioned on 17 April 1943 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Klaus Ewerth (Crew 25), who had previously commanded . U-850 served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla until the end of October when she transferred to the 12th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service.

The damage received forced the U-boat to abort her patrol, she returned home on 2 September.

Half a dozen U-boat wrecks lie in waters around Newfoundland and Labrador, due to Canadian patrols.

52 after the Germans lost three prominent U-boat commanders: Günther Prien, Joachim Schepke and Otto Kretschmer.

Part of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, U-208 carried out two patrols in the North Atlantic.

His last book Business in Great Waters: The U-Boat Wars, 1916–1945 was published in 1989.

Part of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, U-204 carried out three patrols in the North Atlantic.

The escorts were alerted and began hunting the U-boat. Mohr was killed when U-124 was detected, engaged and sunk with all hands about west of Oporto, Portugal, by the British corvette and the sloop .Clay, Blair. Hitler's U-boat War: The hunted, 1942-1945, p. 207.

In March 1944 the building of the bunker Hornisse (Eng. Hornet) was started near the shipyard. Well-protected from air attacks, it was intended to produce U-boat sections in. These prefabricated sections were then shipped to the U-boat pen Valentin about 30 km downstream the river Weser.

U-1191 was used as a Training ship in the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 9 September 1943 to 30 April 1944, before serving in the 7th U-boat Flotilla for active service on 1 May 1944. She was fitted with a Schnorchel underwater-breathing apparatus in April 1944.

U-233 was assigned to the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training on 22 September 1943 and to the 12th U-boat Flotilla on 1 June 1944 for active service. Her first and only patrol commenced on 27 May 1944 when she departed Kiel to lay mines off Halifax.

With the loss of U-47 and her skipper Günther Prien earlier that month, the elimination of three leading U-boat aces saw the end of the "Happy Time", a period of U-boat ascendancy; for the rest of the year, the escorts would have the upper hand.

She undertook anti-submarine operations off Cyprus in the following months. Along with the Australian destroyer , three corvettes and two anti-submarine aircraft she attacked a U-boat on 8 October 1941, but the U-boat escaped. In December 1941 while escorting Mediterranean convoy AT-6 from Alexandria to Tobruk, the torpedoed the Polish steamer Warszawa and attacked Peony. Peony took Warszawa in tow until another torpedo from the U-boat sank the steamship with the loss of 23 men.

During the First World War Britain was exposed to a war on trade, with large numbers of British merchant ships being destroyed by German U-boat attacks in the Atlantic Ocean. During the last few months of 1916 these losses amounted to some 180 ships per month (over 300,000 GRT),Tarrant, VE (1989) The U-Boat Offensive: 1914-1945. Arms & Armour p148-9 while Britain’s capacity to replace them was barely a third of that.Tarrant, VE (1989) The U-Boat Offensive: 1914-1945.

Helmut Sommer took command from Ziehm in May 1943; the sixth commander of U-78 took control of the U-boat when Wilhelm Eisele was named captain and lastly, the seventh commander, O/L Horst Hübsch, took command of U-78 from Eisele on 27 November 1944. All of U-78s changes of command took place while the U-boat was still serving as a training boat. Crewmembers used her as a practice submarine before being assigned to their operational U-boat.

She was again attacked, and after the U-boat closed was able to fire on her, causing damage. The U-boat submerged and was depth charged, but on this occasion was able to escape, returning to base despite the damage. Two days later on 22 February Penshurst again met with a U-boat, U-84, which had just sunk the sailing ship Invercauld. As Penshurst drew up to pick up Invercaulds survivors, U-84 fired a torpedo at her, which was narrowly avoided.

Lehmann-Willenbrock transferred to the U-boat arm of the German Navy in April 1939. Upon serving as an executive officer on , he was promoted to captain and took command of in December 1939. His first patrol, which lasted 15 days, was along the coast of Norway during Operation Hartmut, the U-boat operation in support of the invasion of Norway. Upon the return of U-5, Lehmann-Willenbrock was transferred to the newly commissioned , a Type VIIC U-boat.

Chatterton p72 The U-boat, later identified as UC-65, was not damaged. That evening, Mitchell had a further encounter, which unfolded in the same way, though on this occasion the U-boat was more wary, and Mitchell's crew had a more difficult time before scoring hits on their assailant.Chatterton p73 This U-boat, UC-17, was also not damaged. On 3 August 1917 Mitchell had her third encounter, sailing south of Start Point in the guise of the French schooner Cancalais.

She encountered a U-boat, UC-75, which approached, opening fire at a range of nearly three miles. Mitchell's crew again hove to and the panic party abandoned ship, while the gun crews waited for their target to come into range. However the U-boat was too cautious, and after being shelled for fifteen minutes, Lawrie elected to clear away and close under engine power. Mitchell was able to score some hits before the U-boat disappeared, but no loss was confirmed.

Ewerth then commanded the from 1 August 1939 to 3 January 1940. He went out on two patrols with the boat, spending 74 days at sea. He sank 4 ships during these patrols, 3 of them were lost to mines laid by U-26. From January 1940 to February 1943 Ewerth served in several staff positions with the U-Boat Command before being assigned to U-boat familiarization in preparation for his command of a new U-boat from March to April 1943.

U-978 was commissioned on 12 May 1943 and assigned to 5th U-boat Flotilla for crew training. On 1 August 1944, U-978 was assigned to 3rd U-boat Flotilla for operational service, and completed one patrol with that unit. On 4 September 1944 she was ordered to 11th U-boat Flotilla, beginning service on 5 September. During her second war patrol, U-978 completed the longest underwater Schnorchel patrol of World War II, lasting 68 days, under command of Guenther Pulst.

Preisler, Jerome (2012), Page 99 On 15 July, U-771 returned to her U-boat base at Bergen.

Wolfgang Heyda (14 November 1913 – 21 August 1947) was a German U-boat commander during World War II.

Horst Höltring (30 June 1913 – 24 August 1943) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

Albert Lauzemis (12 March 1918 – 10 April 1944) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

It was published in French under the title of Opération U-Boot, which translates to Operation U-Boat.

Horst Hamm (17 March 1916 – 19 February 1943) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

In the end, the villain is killed aboard his own U-Boat in a sea of flaming oil.

She was to be used to provide detailed weather reports for naval units, including Germany's U-boat fleet.

Robert Bartels (28 April 1911 – 20 August 1943) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

Eberhard Bopst (25 December 1913 – 12 October 1942) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

That autumn, Squadron Two's ships escorted convoys in the North Atlantic, depth-charging suspected German U-boat contacts.

He had already employed this strategy with Farnborough, and would do so again, in one of the epic Q-ship actions, with Dunraven. Pargust was hit at 8 am; shortly after Campbell ordered his panic party out, a group masquerading as the merchant crew who abandoned ship in simulated disorder, to further convince the U-boat that it was safe to approach. The U-boat closed in at periscope depth, then circled Pargust and her boats in order to inspect her for any signs of concealed weapons. The U-boat then broke surface, intending to interrogate the boat crew, but the boat pulled away, around the steamer's stern, in order to bring the U–boat closer.

After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla in the Baltic Sea, U-269 was assigned to the 11th U-boat Flotilla based in Bergen, Norway. U-269 first left Kiel on 16 March 1943 to operate from bases in Norway, carrying out two patrols in the Barents Sea in the summer of 1943, one under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl- Heinrich Harlfinger in March and April, and another under Oblt.z.S. Otto Hansen in July, August and September. Reassigned to the 6th U-boat Flotilla, on 4 November 1943 the U-boat left Bergen for her third patrol in the Atlantic under the command of the newly promoted Kapitänleutnant Karl-Heinrich Harlfinger.

The 6th U-boat Flotilla (German 6. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Hundius Flotilla, was a front-line unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine before and during World War II. Formed on 1 October 1938 in Kiel under the command of Korvettenkapitän Werner Hartmann, it was named in honour of Kapitänleutnant Paul Hundius, a U-boat commander during World War I, that died on 16 September 1918 after his U-boat was sunk by depth charges from British steamer Young Crow. The flotilla was disbanded in December 1939. The flotilla was re-formed as "6th U-boat Flotilla" in July 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Georg-Wilhelm Schulz with her base in Danzig.

Twenty eight Wildcat VI aircraft from 846, 853 and 882 Naval Air Squadron, flying from escort carriers, took part in an attack on a U-boat depot near Harstad, Norway. Two ships and a U-boat were sunk with the loss of one Wildcat and one Grumman Avenger torpedo-bomber.

Blair p.272 Also during March nine U-boats were destroyed in the Atlantic, and more were damaged, leading to a hiatus in U-boat operations during April. When the offensive renewed in May, it saw a major defeat for the U-boat Arm, and the turning point of the campaign.

The U-boat sailed from Bergen on 21 February 1945. On 7 March she reported for the last time while en route for her operational area in the Irish Sea. No further reports were received, the U-boat was listed as missing on 5 April 1945. Her wreck lies at .

Llandovery Castle was hit with a torpedo from German U-boat on 27 June 1918. The U-boat then opened fire on the survivors. During the First World War, many hospital ships were attacked, both on purpose or by mistaken identity. They were sunk by either torpedo, mine or surface attack.

The U-boat began her operational career with a trip from Kiel to Bergen in Norway in April 1941.

The list of German Type II submarines includes all Type II submarines (Unterseeboot or U-boat) built by Germany.

On September 18 both died in the U-boat attack on the SS City of Benares in the Atlantic.

Hans-Joachim Horrer (6 February 1908 – 14 September 1942) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

Plans for the rocket U-boat involved an attack on New York City with newly invented V-2 rockets.

24th U-boat Flotilla ("24. Unterseebootsflottille") was a training flotilla ("Ausbildungsflottille") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Built at the Kriegsmarinewerft shipyard in Wilhelmshaven, U-758 served on seven patrols with the 6th U-boat Flotilla.

Hans Rose was in command of 1. Unterseeboots-Ausbildungsabteilung (U-boat training unit) from February 1940 to May 1940.

The first successful night attack on a U-boat was carried out by a Swordfish on 21 December 1941.

The captured material allowed them to read the cyphers for several weeks, and to break U-boat Enigma thereafter.

Pfeil ("Arrow") was the name given to two separate U-Boat "wolfpacks" of Nazi Germany during World War II.

Jürgen von Rosenstiel (23 November 1912 – 6 July 1942) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

Hans-Heinrich Döhler (5 December 1917 – 22 February 1943) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.

Otto Eduard Weddigen (15 September 1882 - 18 March 1915) was a German U-boat commander during World War I.

Laid down on 1 October 1940 by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 645, the boat was launched on 24 July 1941 and commissioned on 30 August with Oberleutnant zur See Amelung von Varendorff in command. She trained with the 5th U-boat Flotilla until 31 December 1941; on 1 January 1942 she was assigned to the 1st U-boat Flotilla. On 1 May 1942 she was assigned to the 9th U-boat Flotilla and spent the rest of her career with that unit.

Gary Numan was a fan, emerging with a remarkably similar group image during the "Are Friends Electric?" period. The Sex Pistols sent U-Boat a telegram to say that, regardless of not being invited, they would support U-Boat at the ill-fated 1976 Burstow Festival. One of the last appearances U-Boat made was at the Reading Festival of 1977. They had begun recording their second album, (to have been called U2), when friction between Woodmansey and their manager caused a damaging rift.

27th U-boat Flotilla ("27. Unterseebootsflottille") was a training flotilla ("Ausbildungsflottille") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The flotilla was founded at Gotenhafen in January 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Ernst Sobe as Taktische Unterseebootsausbildungsflottille ("Tactical U-boat Training Flotilla"), and was redesignated 27. Unterseebootsflottille in June 1940. This was where new U-boat crews received their tactical training (Taktische Ausbildung Unterseeboote), also taking part in an eight- to fifteen-day tactical exercise (Taktische Übung), a simulated convoy battle in the Baltic Sea.

At the height of World War II, the submarine force consisted of several U-boat regional commands within which were interspersed over thirty U-boat flotillas. The submarine force would see its greatest amount of combat in the Battle of the Atlantic. Dönitz himself personally directed the movement of individual submarines from his headquarters and also invented the "wolfpack" concept where submarines would group together to attack multiple targets. The wolf packs were temporary tactical formations and were not permanently maintained as the U-boat flotillas were.

Three days later, Bayntun and Loch Eck pooled their resources to destroy . Joining the Portsmouth patrol on 11 March, Bayntun made contact with a U-boat 10 days later, but the ensuing attack was not successful. In company with Loch Eck on 25 March, Bayntun investigated a reported U-boat sinking and, on 26 April, took part in what she thought to be a successful search for a U-boat. However, records of lost German submarines do not list any losses for that date.

The U-boat dived, but quickly re-surfaced; her crew started to abandon ship, but only two men escaped before the U-boat sank. Baralong then picked up Urbino’s crew and also the two German submariners. One of these, U-41's first officer O/L I.Crompton, was severely wounded, and was repatriated to Germany; once there he made a series of allegations which were published in Germany, including that Wyandra had fired on and sunk the U-boat without striking the American flag.

The U-boat War Badge with Diamonds was instituted by Großadmiral Karl Dönitz after he had received from Grand Admiral Erich Raeder a special solid gold version of the U-boat War Badge in which the wreath as well as the swastika were inlaid with diamonds. The badge was a special issue award given to U-boat commanders who had received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. This version was made of gold plate over silver. Manufactured by the firms Schwerin u.

U-880 was ordered in April 1943 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1088. Her keel was laid down on 17 July 1943 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 10 February 1944. She was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Gerhard Schötzau (Crew 36) in 4th U-boat Flotilla. After completing training, U-880 was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla and left base for her first war patrol on 23 January 1945.

The aircraft then circled the U-boat at a safe distance and radioed for assistance. The U-boat remained on the surface, perhaps assuming that any support was unlikely, and that the aircraft would eventually have to abandon her vigil. Unfortunately for the German submarine, another Catalina, FP 313 of 265 Squadron, arrived. U-197 promptly crash-dived, and the aircraft dropped three depth charges, two of which detonated to port of the U-boat, but the third hit her squarely, killing all 67 hands.

Robert-Richard Zapp (3 April 1904 – 17 July 1964) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. As commander of the Type IXC U-boat , he sank sixteen ships on five patrols, for a total of 106,200 tons of Allied shipping, to become the 27th highest scoring U-Boat ace of World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

The standard rank for a U-boat region commander was either Fregattenkapitän or Kapitän zur See. Towards the end of the war, a new office known as Kommandierender Admiral der Unterseeboote, was established by the Kriegsmarine to direct overall submarine operations. An office known as the Operationsabteilung (b.d.U.op) coordinated specific u-boat tactics.

Before the outbreak of World War II, individual U-boat flotillas were under the direct command of a single Führer der Unterseeboote (F.d.U.) in the person of Karl Dönitz. who had also acted as commander of the 1st U-boat Flotilla. In 1939, Dönitz's title was renamed as the Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (B.d.

On 14 September 1944, U-673 left St. Nazaire, France, for Norway, reaching Bergen on 19 October 1944. There the U-boat joined a convoy south. Early on 24 October 1944, U-673 collided with north of Stavanger and was beached at Smaaskjaer. Later the U-boat was salvaged and towed to Stavanger.

The boat's short service career began on 24 September 1942 for training with 5th U-boat Flotilla, followed by active service on 1 March 1943 as part of the 7th U-boat Flotilla. It ended ten months later when she was sunk in the North Atlantic. In four patrols she sank no ships.

U-Boote westwärts! (in English: U-boats Westward!) is a 1941 German war propaganda film promoting the Kriegsmarine. It concerns a U-boat mission in the Battle of the Atlantic and was produced by UFA. The U-boat used for the film was , which would later play a major role in Operation Drumbeat.

Soon after the encounter with the iceberg, Wilhoite resumed "barrier patrols" with Bogue's TG 22.3. She was screening the carrier when Bogue's planes spotted a U-boat running on the surface at 1300 on 23 April. The aircraft attacked, but the U-boat "pulled the plug" and went deep in time to escape.

She then became a front (operational) boat of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, and set out on her first patrols.

He was rescued, but died of heart failure shortly afterwards. The U-boat returned to Bordeaux on 12 December 1943.

During a week of daylight U-boat and aircraft attacks, convoy PQ 17 lost 24 of its 35 merchant ships.

The typically unshielded SK C/35 deck gun of a type VII U-boat is visible below the torpedo tail.

RMS Lusitania was famously sunk by a U-boat, presaging the entry of the USA into the First World War.

Most of these types of plans involved acts of sabotage using agents in place and/or landed by U-boat.

Realising their mistake, the Germans then set course for home. During the Grand Fleet's sortie, Achilles spotted a U-boat.

Herbert Sohler (25 July 1908, Attendorn, Westphalia – 22 June 1991) was a German U-boat commander of World War II.

He was decorated on 29 October 1944 with the Iron Cross 2nd Class and the U-boat War Badge 1939.

His son, Odo Loewe, Jr. (1914–1943) would go on to command a U-boat and be killed in action.

He was later appointed Commander, Naval Air Forces, Atlantic and distinguished himself during the U-Boat campaign with Atlantic Fleet.

Better detectors arrived very late in the war, but by that time the U-boat force had largely been destroyed.

Orteric made several voyages across the Atlantic until she was torpedoed and sunk by German U-boat SM U-39 on 9 December 1915 in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea about 140 miles southeast of the island of Gavdos. The ship was hauling 10,000 tons of sodium nitrate from Antofagasta, Chile, to Alexandria, Egypt when the submarine was spotted. The captain of Orteric tried evasive maneuvers, but the U-boat was commanded by Captain Walter Forstmann, one of the most skillful and deadliest U-boat commanders of the war. When it became evident that escape was impossible, a white flag of surrender was hoisted over Orteric, but the U-boat fired torpedoes anyway, sinking the ship, and killing two Chinese sailors on board.

In 1916 the German Navy again tried to use the U-boats to erode the Grand Fleet's numerical superiority; they staged operations to lure the Grand Fleet into a U-boat trap. Because the U-boats were much slower than the battle fleet, these operations required U-boat patrol lines to be set up in advance; then the battle fleet manoeuvred to draw the Grand Fleet onto them.Halpern p329 Several of these operations were staged, in March and April 1916, but with no success. Ironically, the major fleet action which did take place, the Battle of Jutland, in May 1916, saw no U-boat involvement at all; the fleets met and engaged largely by chance, and there were no U-boat patrols anywhere near the battle area.

Laconia In September 1942, 650 nautical miles from the west coast of Africa, the German U-boat sinks the British troopship Laconia, which is en route from Cape Town to the United Kingdom. On realising that there are Italian POWs and civilians amongst the shipwrecked, who face certain death without rescue, U-boat Commander Werner Hartenstein (Duken) makes a decision that goes against the orders of German High Command. The U-boat surfaces and Hartenstein instructs his men to save as many survivors as they can. U-156 crams 200 people on board the surfaced submarine, takes another 200 in tow in four lifeboats, and tries to give relief to the remaining shipwrecked who surround the U-boat in lifeboats and small rafts.

70Harper, p. 66 Thornton, honouring a promise he had made to the shipyard, sent them a German U-boat seaman's lifejacket as a trophy. Later awarded the George Medal for the U-boat action, Brown died in 1945 attempting to rescue his infant sister from a fire in the family home in North Shields.Harper, p.

The Enigma machine itself sank with the U-boat. Petard left the area for Haifa, signalling that documents had been captured. The codebooks they retrieved were immensely valuable to the Ultra code-breakers at Bletchley Park in England; just six weeks after the action, many U-boat signals were being read.Harper, pp. 68–69.

The U-boat was treated lightly by the Imperial German Navy; in the first six weeks of the war, the U-boat arm had sent out ten boats, sunk no ships and lost two boats for their efforts. On the morning of 22 September, Otto Weddigen, the commander of spotted Aboukir, Hogue and Cressy.

Wilhelm Rollmann (5 August 1907 – 5 November 1943) was a German U-boat commander during World War II, in which he commanded the and . He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. He was killed in action in 1943, when his U-boat was sunk by Allied aircraft.

The U-1053 was laid down on 8 February 1943 at the Germaniawerft yard in Kiel, Germany. She was launched on 13 January 1944 and commissioned on 12 February 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Helmut Lange. Her U-boat emblem was Crossed Swords. A cross-section of a Type VIIC U-boat.

The U-991 was laid down on 30 October 1942 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg, Germany. She was launched on 24 June 1943 and commissioned on 29 July 1943 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Diethelm Balke. Her U-boat emblem was a diving eagle. A cross- section of a Type VIIC U-boat.

On 21 July in the North Atlantic off the Canary Islands a surfaced U-boat chased her for 40 minutes. Ceramic fired on the U-boat with her 4.7 inch stern guns and outran her attacker. In May 1917 Ceramic was transferred from Australian control to the UK Shipping Controller under the Liner Requisition Scheme.

Helmut Patzig, also known as Helmut Brümmer-Patzig (26 October 1890 – 11 March 1984) was a German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine in World War I, and the Kriegsmarine in World War II. He was captain of , the vessel that sank a Canadian hospital ship, , in 1918. Patzig evaded prosecution at the Leipzig War Crimes Trials in 1921 because he fled German jurisdiction. During the Second World War he returned to naval service, serving as commander of the 26th U-boat Flotilla, a U-boat training group, from 1943 into 1945.

Nevertheless, the FXR countermeasure proved to be highly effective in decoying German acoustic torpedoes. Of the c. 700 fired G7es torpedoes about only 77 had found their aim. Aside from decoys, British analysts developed a maneuver known as "Step- Aside" in which a ship, upon spotting a U-boat, would trick the U-boat into firing its acoustic torpedo early, and then make a hard turn to put itself out of the torpedo's detection arc, after which it could then bear down on the U-boat to attack.

Günther Hessler (14 June 1909 – 4 April 1968) was a Kriegsmarine Fregattenkapitän during World War II. He commanded the Type IXB U-boat , sinking twenty-one ships on three patrols, totalling of Allied shipping, of which was sunk on one patrol alone. He was the twenty-first overall most successful U-boat commanders of World War II by tonnage sunk. Hessler was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and was commissioned after the war to write the official account of the U-boat war by the British Ministry of Defence.

U-1228 was ordered in October 1941 from Deutsche Werft in Hamburg-Finkenwerder under the yard number 391. Her keel was laid down on 16 February 1943 and the U-boat was launched on 2 October. About three months later she was commissioned into service under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Friedrich-Wilhelm Marienfeld (Crew X/38) in the 31st U-boat Flotilla. After work-up for deployment, U-1228 transferred to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla and left Kiel for the West Atlantic on 5 September 1944 for her first and only patrol.

The destroyer increased speed to 18 knots and opened fire with every weapon which could bear. Fame rammed U-353 forward, her bows hitting her a glancing blow, the U-boat scraped down her starboard side, the destroyer then dropped a pattern of five depth charges when the U-boat was abreast of her stern. The survivors of U-353s crew leapt into the sea from the sinking U-boat and swam to safety. The commander, four officers and 14 ratings were picked up by Fame, another 20 men were rescued by the Norwegian corvette .

Off Oran on 14 May, a German U-boat slipped through the screen of escorts and torpedoed two merchantmen. Vance, holding the "whip" position of the screen (where the ship had the duty of shepherding stragglers) came up through the convoy, sighted the periscope, and attempted to ram. The U-boat "pulled the plug" and dove deeper, evading the onrushing escort's sharp bow. Vance remained on the scene for 10 hours, subjecting the U-boat to depth charge and hedgehog attacks, until relieved by a squadron of Navy destroyers.

This resulted in the British code breakers being starved of the cribs necessary to break "Shark", the cipher used by the German U-Boats. The U-Boat tracking room at the Admiralty Operational Intelligence Centre was therefore unable to divert convoys around the U-Boat packs. A message from a U-Boat gave away its position once that position had been fixed by DF and the convoy SC 122 was diverted around the estimated danger area. The Allied Cipher Number 3 used by the convoy escorts had been broken by the Germans.

The squadron gained its first U-boat kill on 1 May 1942, when P/O Camacho attacked U-573, but did not seem to inflict any damage on the submarine. Later the same day, the U-boat was spotted by another Hudson, and an attack forced it to submerge, but it immediately re-surfaced and signalled its surrender. The U-boat sank later from damage that had been received in the first attack. No. 233 Squadron took part in Operation Torch, providing cover, before the Allied landings in French North Africa.

An order was placed for U-241 on 10 April 1941 and construction began on 4 September 1942 at Germaniawerft, Kiel, as yard number 675. She was launched the following year on 25 June 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Arno Werr a month later on 24 July. U-241 began training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla on 24 July 1943, the day that the U-boat was commissioned . U-241 remained with the 5th U-boat Flotilla until 31 March 1944, when her training was complete.

U-506s final voyage began on 6 July 1943. On 12 July the U-boat was attacked by a USAAF B-24 Liberator bomber of the 1st Anti-Submarine Squadron in the North Atlantic west of Vigo, Spain, in position . The U-boat was located by the aircraft's SC137 10 cm radar, which the Germans could not detect, and was attacked with seven depth charges. The U-boat broke in two, and about 15 men were seen in the water by the pilot, who dropped a liferaft and a smoke flare.

On 20 August 1943 U-197 was attacked south of Madagascar, in position , by a British PBY Catalina aircraft of No. 259 Squadron RAF with six depth charges and slightly damaged. As the aircraft had no more bombs, it attempted to strafe with her machine guns, but the U-boat responded with AA fire. The aircraft then circled the U-boat at a safe distance and radioed for assistance. The U-boat remained on the surface, perhaps assuming that any support was unlikely, and that the aircraft would depart.

Another Catalina, FP 313 of 265 Squadron and piloted by captain Ernest Robin, (receiving the D.F.C. [Distinguished Flying Cross] for the sinking of the vessel), arrived. U-197 crash-dived, and the aircraft dropped three depth charges, two of which detonated to port of the U-boat, but the third hit the U-boat, killing all 67 hands. Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat, commander of , was severely criticised by Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) [U-boat headquarters] for his lack of support for U-197. Korvettenkapitän Robert Bartels of U-197 had radioed a distress signal.

U-78 spent the majority of her career as a training U-boat, during which time she had several different crews. As a result, she never sank any enemy vessels nor engaged any enemy ships or convoys. On 1 March 1945, she was transferred to the 4th U-boat Flotilla but never saw any combat; prior to beginning her first patrol she was sunk on 16 April 1945. U-78's fate is notable in that she was the only German U-boat to be sunk by land-based artillery fire during World War II.

U-78 spent almost her entire career as part of the 22nd U-boat Flotilla as a "school boat", a role which saw her being used to train U-boat crews. During this time, her commander was changed six times: in July 1941 from Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Alfred Dumrese to Oberleutnant zur See (O/L) Kurt Makowski, who remained in command until February 1942 when she was handed over to Kptlt. Max Bernd Dieterich; in July 1942, Kptlt. Ernst Ziehm took command of the U-boat from Dieterich in November 1942. Kptlt.

Penshurst commenced operations around the North coast of Scotland before being transferred in spring 1916 to Queenstown, operating around the coast of Ireland and in the English Channel. For almost a year she had little success; during 1916 the German Navy had scaled down their U-boat operations against commerce around Britain, and there were few contacts in this theatre. On 29 November 1916 Penshurst fell in with a U-boat which was attacking the steamer Wileyside. Penshurst was able to approach to 3000 yards before the U-boat ordered her to stop.

After completion of sea trials and short-term use as a target ship, Saar was assigned to the U-Boot-Abwehrschule ("Submarine Defence School") in Kiel-Wik, where submarine officers were trained. In 1935 she became tender to the Weddigen Flotilla (later the 1st U-boat Flotilla), commanded by Fregattenkapitän Karl Dönitz, in Kiel. On 6 October 1937, she was transferred to the Saltzwedel Flotilla (2nd U-boat Flotilla) at Wilhelmshaven. From July 1940, the ship served in the Baltic with the 21st, 25th, 26th and 27th U-boat Flotillas in Pillau and Gotenhafen.

Upon completion, Viscount was assigned to the Grand Fleet, based at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands, in which she served for the rest of World War I. Viscount rapidly gained a reputation as an exceptionally fast ship and successfully attacked and sank at least one German U-boat which was caught on the surface. HMS Viscount was signalled to attack at full speed. The U-boat spoilt the aim of Viscounts forward battery by submerging full-speed astern. Viscount steamed over the U-boat and destroyed it by depth charges.

If the Metox set started beeping at twice the rate, the U-boat knew that they had been detected. By the time the aircraft was close enough to the U-boat's position to illuminate with the Leigh light, the U-boat was well under the water. As a bonus, the Metox set would also provide warning in excess of visual range in daylight. In December 1942 British codebreakers regained the ability to decipher messages encrypted with naval Enigma machines and the Germans noticed the resulting increase in U-Boat sightings.

Once Bruno was completed, it could hold up to 9 U-boats. Bergen remained a quiet base during the first few years of the occupation, experiencing only one large Allied air attack. In 1943, the U-boat base added two new bunkers, U-Stützpunkt Prien and U-Stützpunkt Weddingen along with a shipyard named Danziger Werft. The U-boat base at Bergen grew exponentially after the liberation of France by the Western Allies, when the senior commanding officer of U-boat operations in the west ("FdU West") was moved from Angers, France to the city.

German type VII and IX U-boats at Trondheim after the war on 19 May 1945 Trondheim was an important U-boat base in Norway during the war. It was the home of the 13th flotilla and sent out around 55 U-boat patrols between June 1940 and the end of the war in May 1945. The list of surrendered U-boats in Trondheim included following: , , , , , , , , , , , and . Two U-boat bunkers, codenamed "Dora I" and "Dora II", were constructed in Trondheim to provide additional repair facilities outside Germany itself.

On 1 August 1942, a United States Coast Guard J4F-1 Widgeon amphibious aircraft spotted a U-boat approximately off the coast of Houma, Louisiana. The aircraft attacked and it appeared that the U-boat was hit in the attack. U-166 was reported missing in action on 30 July 1942, which coincided with the American aircraft's attack on "a U-Boat", leading to the aircraft being credited with the sinking of U-166, with the loss of all 52 crew members. Both aircraft crewmen were decorated for the action.

The 7th U-boat Flotilla (German 7. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Wegener Flotilla, was the seventh operational U-boat combat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on June 25, 1938, under the command of Korvettenkapitän Werner Sobe, it was named in honour of Kapitänleutnant Bernd Wegener. Wegener, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on August 19, 1915, after his submarine U-27 was sunk by British Q-ship HMS Baralong, which was itself a much disputed battle with the Royal Navy accused of war crimes by the German Navy.

Using the propeller for transportation, he blows a hole in the Nazis U-boat. One-by-one, four Nazi soldiers emerge from the ruined sub as Popeye delivers them each a single uppercut, causing them to fly up into the minefield to their deaths. Popeye rows the half-destroyed U-boat toward Britain. He enters a heavy fog and the U-boat ends up crashing into traffic right outside 10 Downing Street in London, where all the cans of spinach spill out of the sub to the cheers of the Londoners.

U-1102 was used as a Training ship in the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 22 February 1944 to 12 May 1944. On 24 March 1944, the U-boat sank during a diving accident at the U-boat base quay in Pillau. Two crew members were lost in the incident and U-1102 was raised and decommissioned on 12 May 1944. She was brought to Danzig for repairs and returned to service as a school boat on 15 August 1944 under the command of a new commander Oberleutnant zur See Erwin Sell.

Noma came upon a large German U-boat recharging her batteries on 16 August and engaged her in a vigorous gun duel until the U-boat submerged. On 17 September she next sighted a medium-sized German submarine watching for convoys close inshore, and in a dawn attack, straddled it with many salvos. While escorting store ships Koln and Medina, westbound for France on 28 November, Noma in company with Wakiva II engaged two German submarines. Noma depth charged her contact while Wakiva II seriously damaged the other U-boat.

After the 6th U-boat Flotilla was disbanded in December 1939, U-43 was assigned to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla based in Wilhelmshaven. U-43 departed from there on 13 March 1940 and sailed along the coast of Norway, north of Scotland, and into the waters west of Ireland, but had no success. The First Watch Officer (second-in-command of the U-boat) Oberleutnant zur See Hans- Wilhelm Behrens fell overboard and was lost on 31 March. U-43 returned to Wilhelmshaven, after 25 days at sea, on 6 April.

In November 1945, U-1231 was allocated to the Soviet Union as war booty and was transferred to Libau via Copenhagen between 24 November and 5 December 1945. Renamed N-26 the U-boat was commissioned into the Soviet Navy and served with the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. On 29 December 1955, having been re-designated B-26, the U-boat was decommissioned and placed into reserve and used for training purposes. Struck from the list on 31 January 1968 and sold for scrap the U-boat was later broken up in Riga.

Over the following months she undertook a series of such patrols, in a variety of disguises. Great success was claimed On 20 June 1917, under the command of Lt J Lawrie and in the guise of the French schooner Eider, she encountered a U-boat sailing west of Brittany, which approached and opened fire. Mitchell carried out her role as a decoy, being hove to and abandoned until he U-boat was within 600 yards, when she returned fire scoring several hits. At this the U-boat dived and was not seen again.

U-879 was ordered in April 1942 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1087. Her keel was laid down on 16 June 1942 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 11 January 1944. She was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Erwin Manchen (Crew 36) in 4th U-boat Flotilla. U-879 was transferred to 33rd U-boat Flotilla after completing training and work up for deployment. She left her base in Horten Naval Base on 9 February 1945 for operations off the US east coast.

After his fifth war patrol, Merten was transferred to the 26th U-boat Flotilla (19 January – 28 February 1943) in Pillau, serving as deputy flotilla chief. On 1 March 1943, he was given command of the 24th U-boat Flotilla. During his tenure with the 24th U-boat Flotilla, Merten was in frequent conflict with the Gauleiter of East Prussia, Erich Koch. In July 1944, Koch had ordered 6,000 untrained Hitler Youth boys to man the defensive positions around Memel, present-day Klaipėda, Lithuania, against the advancing Red Army.

U-805 was ordered in April 1941 from DeSchiMAG Seebeckwerft in Geestemünde under the yard number 714. Her keel was laid down on 24 December 1942, and the U-boat was launched the following year sometime in October 1943. In February 1944 she was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Richard Bernardelli (Crew 32) in the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She spent the next year as a training boat with the flotilla, then was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla and deployed on her one and only war patrol in March 1945.

Only one tactic worked on the game board: The U-boat snuck into the convoy from astern on the surface so that it could use its diesel engine to outpace the speed of the convoy. Since these attacks happened at night, the U-boat was not easily spotted by look-outs, and once inside the convoy it was indistinguishable from the other ships on radar. The U-boat would then sink a merchant ship with a torpedo at close range, then submerge and turn around to make its escape from astern.Parkin (2019).

U-333 sailed out on a patrol on 10 February 1944, but returned after only two days on the 12th. The U-boat left again on 14 February and headed into the waters west of Ireland. There, on 21 March, the U-boat was spotted by Allied aircraft which in turn brought in the Royal Navy's renowned U-boat hunters, the 2nd Support Group, under the command of Captain F.J. Walker. Pursued relentlessly, Cremer eventually took U-333 to the bottom and sat on the sea floor at a depth of for 10 hours.

201 On 24 March 1918, the German U-boat torpedoed and sank PartenopeWillmott, p. 426 north of Bizerte, Tunisia, at coordinates .

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-249 transferred to the 8th flotilla on 1 July 1944.

Ritchie pp. 124–25 The U-boat which attacked the two boats has been identified as commanded by Karsten von Heydebreck.

Bivott only appears briefly at the end of the book, saving Rosie after their boat was hit by a U-Boat.

The final scene show a surfacing German u-boat which is expecting to hear a signal from the now sunken ship.

The following list of U-boat regions pertains to the higher echelon commands for the U-boat flotillas during World War II. The regions were organized between 1941 and 1944 and were commanded by an officer known as the Führer der Unterseeboote for his particular region. Regions could contain as few as two flotillas with as many as ten.

Schnee was a member of Hitler’s Nazi party. He joined the Reichsmarine in April 1934. After serving aboard the light cruiser , he transferred to the U-boat arm in May 1937. He spent two years on board the Type IIB U-boat , under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Otto Kretschmer, completing five combat patrols as 1.

En route, Fairey Swordfish and Albacore aircraft from the carrier Victorious attacked the U-boat . It was damaged and forced to surface, upon which its crew were taken prisoner by Opportune. The U-boat later sank, while 52 survivors of the 53-strong crew were taken to Greenock for transport to a prisoner-of-war camp.

Her captain, Charles Fryatt, was captured by the Germans a year later. He was court-martialled and executed as they considered his act to be that of a franc-tireur. The French steamer Molière sank the U-boat in 1917. An old British paddle steamer, SS Mona's Queen, rammed and sank a U-boat in February 1917.

The U-boat was able to get away but not without first firing two torpedoes which passed harmlessly under Helgoland. In the second engagement, Helgoland came to the assistance of a steamer being attacked by a U-boat. In doing so, Sanders had to expose himself to gunfire in order to remove a jammed screen obscuring the ship's gun.

She was scheduled to be transferred to the U-boat School, where she would be used as a target ship for U-boat crews. This duty was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. One day before the German invasion of Poland, on 31 August, Königsberg spotted the Polish destroyers and in the Baltic.Rohwer, p.

After a period of training on surface vessels and service on various U-boats during the Spanish Civil War, he took command of his first U-boat in 1939. After torpedoing and sinking on 11 August 1942, Rosenbaum was appointed commander of the 30th U-boat Flotilla. He was killed in an aircraft crash on 10 May 1944.

During the war Schuhart sank twelve ships on nine patrols, for a total of 67,277 tons of Allied merchant shipping. After transferring back to land, Schuhart became commander of 1. U-Lehr Division ("1st U-boat Training Division") and later of 21st U-boat Flotilla in Pillau. From 1944-1945 he was commander of I./Marineschule Flensburg-Mürwik.

The U-972 was laid down on 15 June 1942 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg, Germany. She was launched on 22 February 1943 and commissioned on 8 April 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Klaus-Dietrich König. Her U-boat emblem was a skull with tophat. A cross-section of a Type VIIC U-boat.

The U-boat abandoned its planned operations off Cape Town and continued into the Indian Ocean. U-843 arrived at the Japanese-controlled port of Batavia, Dutch East Indies, on 11 June after 114 days at sea. The U-boat then sailed to Singapore on 13–15 June, remaining there until 1 November, before returning to Batavia.

When a U-boat was sighted, the tow line and communication line was slipped and the submarine would attack the U-boat. The tactic was partly successful, but was abandoned after the loss of two C class submarines. In both cases, all the crew were lost. HMS C27 was involved in the Baltic operations from 1915 to 1918.

The tactic was to use a decoy trawler to tow a submarine. When a U-boat was sighted, the tow line and communication line was slipped and the submarine would attack the U-boat. The tactic was partly successful, but was abandoned after the loss of two C-class submarines. In both cases, all the crew were lost.

The prince was furious and sent him away. When Valentiner returned to Kiel he was quite surprised to learn that he was to take command of the newest U-boat, . He was also allowed to choose his own officers from the U-boat school. From December 5, 1914, to September 15, 1917, Valentiner was stationed by 2.

U-338 sailed from St. Nazaire on 15 June 1943, but the patrol was cut short when she was attacked on the 17th by a B-17 Flying Fortress from No. 206 Squadron RAF. The U-boat was damaged, the Obersteuermann ("Navigator") killed, and three men were wounded. The U-boat returned to port on 21 June.

Oberleutnant zur See Reinhold Saltzwedel (23 November 1889 - 2 December 1917) was a successful and highly decorated German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I. Saltzwedel sank a total of 111 merchant vessels for . On 1 September 1936, his name was given to 2nd U-boat Flotilla of the Kriegsmarine in Wilhelmshaven to honour him.

Torpedo failures still afflicted the U-boat fleet but the number of sinkings rose in the first months of 1940. U-boat commanders, determined to enter the ranks of "aces" such as Prien, were prepared to take greater risks, most often attacking at night on the surface—the Admiralty noted that by February 1940 these reached 58 percent.

Heinrich Timm (30 April 1910 in Bremen – 12 April 1974 in Axstedt) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. In 1944-45 Timm commanded the U-862, the only U-boat to conduct a patrol in the Pacific Ocean during World War II.

The Battle of Pierres Noires was a naval action that occurred during the Allied Operation Dredger, involving several Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) destroyers and a German Kriegsmarine U-boat with escorts near Brest, France. The RCN force managed to sink or damage some of the escorts on the surface, but the U-boat was able to escape.

List of U-boat flotillas contains lists of the German U-boat flotillas in the two World Wars. The bases shown here are the ones at which the flotillas spent most of their career. During World War II, submarine flotillas were often tactically deployed, in contrast to the surface flotillas of the Kriegsmarine which were mainly administrative.

One of ONS 20's escorts, , picked up U-841 on its ASDIC later that day and depth-charged it. Heavily damaged, the U-boat surfaced and was scuttled by its crew. While the crew abandoned ship, Byard opened fire on the U-boat. 27 crew members, including the captain, died, while 27 survivors were picked up.

On 23 March 1945, he was appointed commander of in the 4th U-boat Flotilla, and commander of in the 11th U-boat Flotilla on 26 April. On 20 May 1945, Topp was taken prisoner of war in Kragerø, Norway. He was released on 17 August 1945. Topp's boat, U-2513, was tested by the United States Navy.

It would be five months before UB-6 would sink another ship. In mid-November, Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.z.S.) Ernst Voigt succeeded Haecker as commander of UB-6; it was the first U-boat command for the 25-year-old Voigt.Voigt was in the Navy's April 1908 cadet class with 46 other future U-boat captains, including Reinhold Saltzwedel.

On his second patrol he broke through the Strait of Gibraltar and went on to become one of the most successful U-boat commanders in the Mediterranean Sea. In July 1943 he left the boat and became the commander of the 29th U-boat Flotilla. In September 1944 he fell into French captivity, where he spent nearly two years.

The U-boat war remained costly for the Allies until early spring of 1943 when the Allies began to use countermeasures against U-Boats such as the use of Hunter-Killer groups, airborne radar, torpedoes and mines like the FIDO. The submarine war cost the Kriegsmarine 757 U-boats, with more than 30,000 U-boat crewmen killed.

The British Super-dreadnought soon followed suit as she struck a mine laid by a German U-boat in October 1914 and sank. The threat that German U-boats posed to British dreadnoughts was enough to cause the Royal Navy to change their strategy and tactics in the North Sea to reduce the risk of U-boat attack.Massie, Robert.

She then became a front (operational) boat of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, and set out on a number of training patrols.

This secret location was changed at random intervals, and U-boat captains would calculate the new patrol zone based on the offset.

Ten of her crew of 45 were lost. The U-boat arrived in Narvik on 27 July after a 16-day patrol.

A similar pattern now became apparent, except her sixth sortie took the U-boat to the entrance to Murmansk in the Soviet Union.

Despite the declaration, Colombia did not send an army overseas, but its navy was active in countering U-boat operations in the Caribbean.

The U-boat arrived at her new home port of Lorient, in occupied France, on 16 April 1943 after 67 days at sea.

The boat began her service career by training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, before moving on to the 3rd flotilla for operations.

In May 1945, U-733 transferred to Flensburg, were the U-boat was attacked by US aircraft and scuttled after receiving heavy damage.

However, later it was found that the U-boat was only damaged but had to be interned by Spain a few days later.

Eleven men went down with the U-boat; there were 45 survivors. Among the survivors was Reimar Lüst who later became an astrophysicist.

Its most famous inmate was the future Admiral Karl Dönitz who had been commanding a U-boat when captured on 4 October 1918.

Frost and chased the submerged U-boat for several hours and finally attacked U-880 with hedgehogs, sinking her. There were no survivors.

On 4 November, he was sent to Blohm & Voss, the shipbuilding works in Hamburg, for construction training of , a Type VIIC U-boat.

The massive, reinforced concrete U-boat pens have proved impractical to demolish and are now partly used as a cultural center for exhibitions.

The first U-Boat destroyed with the assistance of a rocket attack was U-752 (Kapitän-Leutnant Schroeter), on 23 May 1943, by a Swordfish of 819 NAS. The rockets used on this occasion had solid, cast-iron heads and were known as rocket spears.Gerald Pawle, The Wheezers & Dodgers, Seaforth Publishing 2009 One of these punched right through the submarine's pressure hull and rendered it incapable of diving; the U–boat was scuttled by its crew. On 28 May 1943, a 608 Squadron Hudson destroyed a U-boat in the Mediterranean, the first destroyed solely by rocket.

U-Boot-Lehr-Division), torpedo school (Torpedoschule Flensburg-Mürwik), the Naval anti-aircraft warfare school II (Marine-Flakschule II) and the 24th U-boat Flotilla. Hechler was stationed in Bremen from 3 January to 2 February 1944 for construction training (Baubelehrung) of , a Type IXC/40 submarine. He took command of the boat on 3 February which was subordinated to the 4th U-boat Flotilla until 30 September 1944 when it was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla on 1 October. Hechler's chief engineer on U-870 was Knight's Cross recipient Johann- Friedrich Wessels, who joined the crew on 14 August 1944.

On 14 October 1944, after spending four days in port, the U-boat left Hammerfest and traveled into the Barents Sea off the north coast of Russia. During the 24-day period, the U-boat once again failed to make contact with any enemy vessels and once again returned to Narvik on 6 November 1944. U-293s fourth patrol was much like her third. During 29 days at sea, the U-boat traveled to the northern coast of Russia, failed encounter any ships, and once again returned to Narvik on 19 December 1944, having left on 21 November 1944.

The submarine was laid down on 16 August 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, launched on 4 October 1944, and commissioned on 4 November 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Friedrich Weidner. After training with 31st U-boat Flotilla, U-2518 was transferred to 11th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 April 1945, though this was too late for the U-boat to sail on any combat patrols or sink any ships. On 8 May 1945, she surrendered to British forces at Horten Naval Base, Norway. She was taken to Lisahally, Londonderry.

U-Boat Worx has built an enviable reputation for safety, reliability and innovation with its models being used by individual explorers, superyacht owners, research vessels and also onboard oceangoing cruise liners. In 2013, a partnership was created with Exa Limited, part of the Asian conglomerate Genting Group. This association has enabled U-Boat Worx to expand its market leadership and increase production and reduce delivery times while establishing global support for all customers. U-Boat Worx delivered in 2015 a private submarine for a Cruise Ship, this was the first cruise ship with a submarine operation onboard.

The U-Boat sequence is an adaptation of U-571 when Stewie decides to throw trash out of the submarine in order to stop the U-Boat that was chasing them. Furthermore, the U-boat crashing scene is a reference to the multiple police car chases (and subsequent crashes) from The Blues Brothers. The submarine scene also features a melody of 'Wishing Well' by Terrence Trent D'Arby. The scene where the Hawk Men defeat the Nazi Air Force is a parody of the film Flash Gordon, with its original soundtrack by Queen and Brian Blessed reprising his role as Prince Vultan.

But as it turned out, the Germans were signalling another surfaced U-boat, which answered with a star shell of her own. A Borie lookout reported a torpedo passing close by from that U-boat, and Borie had no choice but to protect herself by sailing away. Borie was forced to sail through the U-405 survivors' rafts as she turned away from the other U-boat, but the men on the rafts were observed firing another Very flare as Borie steamed away in a radical zigzag pattern. No German survivors were ever recovered by either side; all 49 crewmen were lost.

Gysae joined the Reichsmarine in 1931 and served on torpedo boats before transferring to the U-Bootwaffe ("U-boat force") in April 1940. In October 1940 he was appointed commander of the Type VIIC U-boat U-98, unusually without serving any time as either 1.WO (1. Wachoffizier, "1st Watch Officer") or Kommandantenschüler ("Commander-in-Training") on any other U-boats. After six patrols in the north Atlantic in command of U-98, in March 1942 he transferred to the Type IXD2 U-boat U-177 for another two patrols, this time operating off South Africa and Portuguese East Africa.

The action on 19 August 1915 Baralong spent the next four months patrolling the Southwest Approaches, seeking to invite a U-boat attack. On 19 August 1915 she received a distress call from the passenger liner Arabic which was under attack, and headed towards the location in an attempt to engage the U-Boat responsible. After several hours she encountered the British steamer Nicosian, which was carrying munitions and mules, and under fire from a German U-boat, U-27. At the time Baralong was flying the neutral US flag and closed with Nicosian, signalling she intended to pick up survivors.

The request, with the support of Engelbert Endrass, was approved and the Knight's Cross was presented by Hans-Georg von Friedburg, the 2nd Admiral of the U-boats and responsible for staffing. On this occasion Suhren inquired when he would be given command of his own U-boat. Von Friedburg responded that Dönitz had given the order that a U-boat commander had to be at least 25 years of age before receiving his own command. Suhren was still six months shy of this criterion and had to be "parked" before he could take command of a U-boat.

The ships were never completed, primarily because by 1917, the shipbuilding industry had largely been diverted to support the U-boat Campaign, which had become the priority of the Navy. After 1917, work on Ersatz Yorck only took place in order to occupy dockyard workers who could not be employed on U-boat construction. The RMA filed a report dated 1 February 1918, which stated that capital ship construction had stopped, primarily due to the shifting priorities to the U-boat war. As a result, the hull frames that had been assembled were subsequently scrapped on the slipway.

After training with 31st U-boat Flotilla, U-2511 was transferred to 11th U-boat Flotilla at Bergen, Norway, for front-line service on 15 March 1945. U-2511 conducted one patrol. On the evening of 30 April 1945 (coincidentally the date of Hitler's death), U-2511 set out from Bergen, Norway for the Caribbean, but on 4 May Schnee received the end-of-the-war cease-fire order. The commander of U-2511 claimed the U-boat had a British cruiser in her sights on 4 May when news of the German cease-fire was received.

The film portrays U-boat sailors machine-gunning Allied merchant crewmen who have survived their ship's sinking, so that they are not able to report the U-boat's position. In reality, U-boat crewmen are far more often known to have assisted survivors with food, directions and occasionally medical aid. Such assistance only stopped after Admiral Karl Dönitz issued the "Laconia order" following a U.S. air attack on U-boats transporting injured survivors under a Red Cross flag in 1942. German U-boat crews were thereafter under War Order No. 154 not to rescue survivors, which parallelled Allied policy.

This would prompt the U-boat to submerge if it wasn't already (2). While the escort ships moved at full speed, their sonar was useless because of the noise, so the U-boat was safe from detection at this point. The U-boat might now choose to slip away and attack another night, or it might press on towards the convoy, resurfacing after the escort ships passed by. After completing their 15-minute sortie, the escort ships were to turn around and slowly return to their normal positions around the convoy, all the while scanning the water with sonar.

Nonetheless, with 34 ships Schepke ranked first in number of ships sunk, and was recommended by Dönitz for Knight's cross with Oak Leaves for this achievement. Schepke, Günther Prien and Otto Kretschmer were friendly rivals in the U-boat service, and were the most famous U-boat commanders in the early years of the war, where all except Kretschmer eventually met their ends. Schepke was the favorite of these three, because in contrast to Kretschmer he was a convinced Nazi. He wrote and illustrated the book "U-Boot-Fahrer von heute" (U-Boat Men of today) in 1940 (Berlin, Deutscher Verlag 1940).

In this command position, Brandi came into contact with the U-boat arm, providing escort duty to U-boats leaving and returning to port. He applied for service with U-boat arm but was rejected at first. In April 1941, Brandi applied again, was accepted and started his U-boat training at the Naval Academy Mürwik which he completed on 24 December 1941 at Neustadt in Holstein. On 25 December 1941, Brandi became a Kommandantenschüler (Commander-in-training) aboard , which was commanded by Kapitänleutnant Erich Topp, for one war patrol (25 December 1941 – 27 January 1942).

He frantically attempts to signal them, but too late – the U-boat shells the ferry, which begins to sink. By this time the British ships have arrived, and they drop depth charges, destroying the fleeing U-boat. As Jill, the other passengers and the crew abandon the sinking ferry, Hardt realises all is lost, and chooses to go down with the ship.

In 1943, Lieutenant Commander MacClain has just lost his ship and most of his crewmen due to enemy action. While accompanying a convoy, he was attacked by a U-boat with a distinctive large Iron Cross painted on the conning tower. The U-boat surfaced and machine- gunned many of the survivors. Offered duty ashore, MacClain is determined to avenge his men.

On 20 August, a U-boat entered Isfjorden and bombarded shore installations in Green Harbour and Advent Bay, with its deck gun. At Barentsburg, the Norwegians returned fire from the cutter moored at the pier and with a emplaced on the rise beyond the village, forcing the U-boat to fire from longer range; the Norwegians again suffered no casualties.

Hans Jenisch (19 October 1913 – 29 April 1982) was a Kapitänleutnant in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II and a Kapitän zur See in West Germany's Bundesmarine. He commanded the Type VIIA U-boat , sinking seventeen ships on seven patrols, for a total of of Allied shipping, to become the 26th highest scoring U-boat ace of World War II.

Canadian Merchant Ship Losses of the Second World War, 1939-1945 A memorial listing for her crew can be found on the CWGC Halifax memorial.Commonwealth War Graves Commission The initial presumption of the cause of her loss was that she was sunk by a German U-boat. No direct evidence, however, has been found to support this theory. The website U-Boat.

Unterseeboots-Lehr-Division ("2nd U-boat Training Division"). In February 1943 he commissioned the Type IXD U-boat U-848, sinking one merchant ship on his first and only patrol, bringing his career total to 20 merchant ships sunk for a total of 96,562 GRT, three warships sunk (2,365 GRT) and two ships captured for a total of 4,957 GRT.

Three of the U-boat's gunners were injured, but the U-boat was not severely damaged. On 20 May U-533 was attacked by a Halifax heavy bomber of No. 502 Squadron RAF, without suffering any serious damage. The U-boat arrived at her new home port of Lorient in occupied France, on 24 May after 40 days at sea.

What resources were left over were by 1918 funneled into U-boat production.Weir, pp. 178–179 As a result of the growing importance of U-boat construction and a moratorium on new surface ships imposed by the Reichsmarineamt (RMA—the Imperial Navy Office), the conversion project was abandoned. The design influenced the planned conversion of the armored cruiser into a seaplane carrier.

Endrass claimed that Captain Eric Jones and his crew "lost their heads completely" at the shot across the bows from his U-boat. Jones was an experienced captain. The Luimneach had survived twelve aerial attacks during the Spanish Civil War. Following an inquiry on 4 March 1941, Dönitz concluded that the U-boat acted correctly in sinking an abandoned ship.

U Boat Command (BdU) had organized a force of three U-Boats, with a supply boat for logistical support off the coast of West Africa. , skippered by KL (later KK) Werner Henke (Knight's Cross), had been dispatched with two others as relief and reinforcement to this group. U-515 was the only U-boat involved in the attack on TS 37.

When a U-boat was sighted, the tow line and communication line was slipped and the submarine would attack the U-boat. The tactic was partly successful, but it was abandoned after the loss of two C class submarines. In both cases, all the crew were lost. C33 was one of the two C class submarines lost while employing this tactic.

One famous U-boat that operated off Wexford's coasts was , commanded by Walther Schwieger. On 6 May 1915 it torpedoed and sunk both SS Centurion and SS Candidate off the south Wexford coast, but the crews were unharmed. The next day, this same U-boat torpedoed and sunk , a large passenger liner, off the coast of County Cork.Furlong and Hayes, p. 85.

The submarine was laid down on 1 December 1941 at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 304, launched on 17 April 1943 and commissioned on 16 June under the command of Kapitänleutnant Heinz Sternberg. She served with the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 16 June 1943 for training and the 9th U-boat Flotilla from 1 January 1944 for operations.

On approaching the convoy, Douglas rescued 18 survivors from the tanker , which had been torpedoed by , but failed in an attempt to sink Capulets abandoned wreck with gunfire. Douglas then depth- charged and sunk the submarine . In all four ships were lost from HX 121, with one U-Boat being sunk.Blair Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942 2000, pp. 271–272.

In June 1944 she was in action with a U-boat in the English Channel. The U-boat (possibly ) escaped, though corvette Pink was damaged.Blair II, p590 In November 1944 Rochester went for final refit, decommissioning as an escort vessel and re-equipping as a training ship. In March 1945 she joined the establishment of HMS Dryad, the navigation school at Portsmouth.

Werner Hartmann (11 December 1902 – 26 April 1963) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. He was credited with sinking 26 ships, amounting to over sunk, purportedly making him the 25th most successful U-boat commander of the war. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.

U-214 sailed from Brest on 22 July 1944 under the command of 21-year-old Oblt.z.S. Gerhard Conrad (Crew XII/39), one of the youngest U-boat commanders of World War II. After only five days, on 26 July, the U-boat was sunk in the English Channel at by depth charges from the . All 48 hands were lost.

World War II German U-boat pens in La Rochelle represented the U-boat dock. An original coal-fired tramp steamer boat could not be found for filming, so an Egyptian boat found in an Irish port was decorated appropriately and sailed to France. Filming in La Rochelle concluded by the end of the week. Filming moved to Elstree Studios by June 30\.

The captain of the U-Boat decides to wait in ambush with its two remaining torpedoes. Before the rescue ship arrives, the U-Boat's periscope is spotted by the lifeboat. The U-Boat fires its torpedoes just as the rescue vessel is alerted to the U-Boat's presence. Although set in the North Atlantic, much of it was shot in the Irish Sea.

As a teenaged radio officer in the British Merchant Navy, McClory endured attacks by German U-boats on two different occasions. The first attack occurred on 20 September 1942 was while he was serving aboard The Mathilda. A U-Boat surfaced and attacked the ship with heavy machine gun fire. The crew of the ship fired back and the U-Boat retreated.

The convoy was nearing Havana in the Gulf of Mexico when an American reconnaissance aircraft spotted a German U-boat. The aircraft dropped a smoke float over , and the Cuban submarine chaser —under Second Lieutenant Alférez Delgado—picked up the enemy craft with sonar. CS-13 attacked with depth charges and quickly sank the U-boat which killed all of her crew.

A few moments later, a white flag and a similarly coloured board were displayed. Thompson called for assistance and circled the German vessel. A Catalina from 209 Squadron took over watching the damaged U-boat until the arrival of the armed trawler 'Kingston Agate' under Lt Henry Owen L'Estrange. The following day the U-boat was beached in an Icelandic cove.

The boat's career began with training at 1st U-boat Flotilla on 19 April 1941, followed by active service on 1 July 1941 as part of the 1st Flotilla until 13 December 1941, whence she joined 29th U-boat Flotilla for operations in the Mediterranean. In 6 patrols she sank 3 merchant ships, for a total of , and an auxiliary warship of .

The U-boat had left Toulon on 16 March 1944. She was detected by the ASDIC (sonar) of on the 29th north of Palermo. Ulster was not alone; she was accompanied by two other destroyers - and . By early morning of the 30th, the U-boat, after heavy depth charging, was forced to the surface, where she was engaged by gunfire.

Dora I developed a noticeable sag of up to which seemed to concern the builders more than the U-boat sailors. It was finally handed over to the Kriegsmarine on 20 June 1943 as the home base of the 13th U-boat Flotilla.Showell p.58 The bunker, which could be hermetically sealed when attacked, had room for 16 U-boats.

After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, the boat became operational on 1 November 1942 when she was transferred to the 1st flotilla.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-249 remained with that organization for front-line service from 1 January 1945.

The U-boat departed Kiel on 27 March 1943, heading for the mid-Atlantic. She arrived in Bordeaux, in occupied France on 12 May.

In October 1918 these methods allowed the Admiralty to track the U-boats operating in British Home Waters.Grant, U-boat Intelligence, pp. 161–163.

One of her paintings of a U-boat which was used in campaign to sell Victory bonds is owned by the United States government.

On 5 May 1945, U-2367 sank near Schleimünde after a collision with another unidentified German U-boat. The wreck was originally located at .

America's Secret Project. Naval Institute Press. Annapolis, Maryland, USA. 1999. These became known by the Germans as a U-Boot-Falle ("U-boat trap").

U-559 was originally intended to serve as an Atlantic U-boat during the Battle of the Atlantic against Allied convoys in the Western Approaches.

She began her brief service career training with the 2nd U-boat Flotilla and was declared operational with the same organization on 1 November 1941.

Roof of the U-boat base in Saint Nazaire. The construction of the Saint-Nazaire submarine base was commenced in 1941, including a bunkered lock.

The attack lasted for an hour before the corvette withdrew. An hour later the U-boat surfaced, and set a course to intercept the convoy.

Werner Lott was taken prisoner of war aboard HMS Kingston, with all of his crew, after he scuttled his U-boat on 29 November 1939.

German mine-laying and U-boat activity was greatly increased in early 1945 and destroyers were needed to escort the military convoys from channel ports.

Her after magazine exploded and she burned for 12 hours before sinking. The U-boat was damaged by an unidentified aircraft on 19 December 1943.

Later that month, on 23 December she rammed and damaged a U-boat, sustaining sufficient damage herself to necessitate repairs and refit back in Britain.

Günther Reeder was severely wounded, resulting in first Officer Oberleutnant zur See Rupprecht Stock (Crew IV/37) bringing the U-boat safely back to base.

The British corvette, , located the U-boat with ASDIC (sonar). Aubrietia and British destroyer then proceeded to drop depth charges, forcing U-110 to surface.

When the contact is eventually identified and reported to the commander, Peter von Stolberg, he is furious with the watch officers for the delay. He immediately orders the U-boat to dive. John Murrell, Captain of the Hecate, proves himself a match for the wily U-boat Kapitän von Stolberg, a man from an aristocratic background who is not enamoured with the Nazi regime.

On the morning of 11 November a U-boat attack occurred off Deal. Around noon there was an explosion and black smoke rose from HMS Niger. Niger was at anchor about off the pier at Deal when she was torpedoed and sunk before noon on 11 November 1914 by the German submarine . Niger was the first ship sunk by U-boat commander Walther Forstmann.

The escorts chose to continue protective patrolling around the convoy rather than attempting rescue of the U-boat crew assumed to have sunk the Lorient.Gannon (1998) pp.210-214 At 0406 Vidette made an ASDIC contact at , and made a hedgehog attack causing two explosions. Historians suggest this attack destroyed U-630. At 0443 Sunflower made an ASDIC contact at and subsequently sighted a surfacing U-boat.

After training with 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, Germany, on 1 February 1943 U-759 was transferred to 9th U-boat Flotilla, based in Brest, France, for front-line service. She sailed on two combat patrols and sank two ships totalling . U-759 was sunk east of Jamaica on 15 July 1943 by depth charges from a US Navy Mariner patrol bomber. All hands were lost.

After being commissioned, under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Günther Fritze, the submarine took part in training exercises with the 8th U-boat Flotilla until July 1944 when it was assigned to the 11th U-boat Flotilla. Command was handed over to 27 year old Kapitänleutnant Karl-Adolf Schlitt. The boat was then fitted with a Schnorchel underwater-breathing apparatus before being released for patrol duties.

23rd U-boat Flotilla ("23. Unterseebootsflottille") was a unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The flotilla was first formed in Salamis, Greece, on 11 September 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Fritz Frauenheim. It operated in the eastern Mediterranean and sank 12 ships for a total of . In May 1942 the flotilla was merged into 29th U-boat Flotilla, based at La Spezia, Italy.

Retrieved 22 April 2020 sighting HX 47 the U-boat left the freighter in a sinking condition and stalked the convoy. Attacking after midnight fo 14/15 June U-38 sank two ships, the tanker ItaliaBlair p167 and the freighter Erik Boye. The U-boat escaped and HX 47 continued without further loss. The main body of the convoy reached Liverpool on 17 June.

The boat submerged as Penshurst approached and fired a torpedo, which missed. Naylor sent his boat party off, and then waited for the U-boat to come into range. Penshurst was under fire for some thirty minutes until she was able to open fire herself. The U-boat was damaged, but again was able to escape, despite the arrival of a group of destroyers.

Vladimir Putin took part in one of expeditions of the Russian Geographical Society on inspection of the antique ships which sank in the Black Sea U-Boat Worx is a Dutch submersible manufacturer. Its headquarters are based in Breda, the Netherlands. The company was founded in 2005 by Dutch entrepreneur Bert Houtman. U-Boat Worx delivers manned submersibles for exploration, research, yachts and tourism applications.

Hours passed as the destroyer remained in the attack area. At midnight, astern of the convoy, silently moving up to regain station U-444 was surfaced and going at top speed after the convoy. After the U-boat dived, Harvester raced over dive position and forced her to surface by depth charge attacks. Circling at speed Harvester searched and spotted the U-boat 500 yards ahead.

However they are tailed by the U-boat as they try to join the convoy. They telegram the Navy to send a destroyer to help them, emphasizing that they have two British women on board. The navy refuses to either acknowledge or to help, saying it will jeopardize the main convoy. Seaflower is then captured by a U-boat which sets a trap for the convoy escort.

Ironically, the major fleet action which did take place, the Battle of Jutland, in May 1916, saw no U-boat involvement at all; the fleets met and engaged largely by chance, and there were no U-boat patrols anywhere near the battle area. A further series of operations, in August and October 1916, were similarly unfruitful, and the strategy was abandoned in favour of resuming commerce warfare.

Because the radar warning receiver could detect radar emissions at a greater range than the radar could detect vessels, this often gave the U-boat enough warning to dive. Having expected this, the Allies introduced the centimetric ASV Mk. III radar, regaining control of the battle. Although the German Naxos countered these radars, by this time the U-boat force was already damaged beyond repair.

After a period of training as part of the 2nd U-boat Flotilla, U-116 was assigned to the front-line as part of the 1st U-boat Flotilla on 1 February 1942. She sailed from Kiel on 4 April 1942, bound for Bergen, Norway, via Heligoland, and departed Bergen on 25 April, circling the British Isles before arriving at Lorient in occupied France, on 5 May.

The U-boat departed Wilhelmshaven on 9 September 1939. That day, the submarine fired the first British submarine torpedoes of the war when attacking U-35 about north of the Dutch island of Schiermonnikoog. The U-boat escaped without damage and sailed northabout the British Isles to attack shipping. On 18 September she stopped a group of three fishing trawlers west- north-west of St.Kilda.

However, the submerged U-boat becomes stuck in a mud bank. Murphy uses the crane to recover an unexploded torpedo fired earlier from the U-boat and drops it on the trapped crew, killing them. Murphy is also killed, as the explosion from the torpedo causes the crane jib to pin him to the deck as the floating crane sinks to the river bed.

Frenssen, Lamprecht, and Hinrich are wounded. After the raid, Werner leaves the U-boat bunker in which he had taken shelter and finds the captain, badly injured by shrapnel, watching his U-boat sink in the dock. Just after the boat disappears under the water, the captain collapses and dies. Werner rushes to his body, and surveys the grim scene with tears in his eyes.

The 11th U-boat Flotilla (German 11. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed on 15 May 1942 in Bergen, Norway. The flotilla operated mainly in the North Sea and against the Russian convoys (JW-, PQ-, QP- and RA series) in the Arctic Sea. The flotilla operated various marks of the Type VII U-boat until September 1944, when it had an influx of some Type IX boats from France.

On 31 May 1917, his U-boat sank the Miyazaki Maru during that ship's voyage from Yokohama to London, causing the loss of eight lives. Schwieger was killed in action on 5 September 1917. His U-boat was sunk by the British Q-Ship HMS Stonecrop The Killing Time E.A.Gray p.137-8. It sank north of Terschelling at with the loss of all hands.

Survivors from the U-boat reported that Venetia's efforts had not only prevented further attacks on the convoy but had driven UB-52 off. Since Porterfield's action in doggedly pursuing the U-boat had aided substantially in saving the convoy, he received commendations from the British Senior Naval Officer, Gibraltar; from Commander in Chief, Mediterranean; and from the American Patrol Force commander, Rear Admiral Wilson.

U-846 was ordered in January 1941 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1052. Her keel was laid down on 21 July 1942. The U-boat was launched the following year on 17 February 1943. The following May she was commissioned into service under the command of Oberleutnant zur See der Reserve Berthold Hashagen (Crew 37) in 4th U-boat Flotilla.

Her first war patrol was a supply run for the beleaguered U-boat base of St. Nazaire. The u-boat left Horten Naval Base on 9 February 1945 and arrived at her destination on 20 March. On the return leg, she was picked up by escorts of convoy ONA 265 on 10 April 1945. and attacked U-878 with depth charges and squid mortar.

On 1 January 1940 U-37 was reassigned to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla based at Wilhelmshaven. On 28 January 1940 the U-boat departed for the North Atlantic, with Werner Hartmann in command. As on his previous patrol, Hartmann sank eight ships, this time three British, two Norwegian, one Danish, one French and one Greek. Of these ships, two were in convoy at the time.

The flotilla was re-formed as "5th U-boat Flotilla" in June 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Heinz Moehle as a training flotilla with her base in Kiel. In 1946 Moehle was sentenced to five years in prison, after being found guilty of passing the Laconia Order to new U-boat commanders before they went out on patrol. He was released in November 1949.

29th U-boat Flotilla ("29. Unterseebootsflottille") was formed in December 1941 in La Spezia in Italy under the command of Korvettenkapitän Franz Becker. The flotilla operated mostly various marks of the Type VII U-boat and it concentrated its efforts mainly in the Mediterranean Sea, against convoys. In August 1943, the flotilla moved to Toulon, but did also have u-boats in Marseille and Salamis.

For his service on torpedo boats, Hartenstein was awarded the German Cross in Gold () on 2 February 1942. Karl Dönitz personally pinned the award on Harteinstein's leather jacket on 17 March 1942. U-156 was first assigned to the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin as a training boat, then was transferred to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla at Lorient, France, on 31 December 1941.

Schäffer later wrote a book: U-977 – 66 Tage unter Wasser ("U-977 – 66 Days Under Water"), the first postwar memoir by a former U-boat officer. It was published in 1952, and was translated into English under the title U-boat 977. A documentary film U-977 - 66 Days Under Water directed by Nadine Poulain, Schäffer's granddaughter, was in the final stages of production in 2014.

Heyda entered the Navy in 1932, serving aboard the cruiser and studying at Mürwik Naval School, before joining the pocket battleship at the start of the war. From 26 November 1940 to 19 May 1941 Heyda commanded , part of the 21st U-boat Flotilla, for his U-boat commander training, then took command of on 21 June 1941, beginning his first war patrol on 11 November. Near Gibraltar Heyda's U-boat was involved in attacking convoy HG 76 which was heading to Liverpool. At dawn on 18 December U-434 was sighted by the convoy's destroyers north of Madeira, in position and attacked with depth charges.

The U-boat left Lorient on 14 May 1944 and sailed to the waters north-west of the Canary Islands. At 20:13 on 29 May 1944, U-549 slipped through the anti-submarine screen of the hunter-killer group TG 21.11, and fired three T-3 torpedoes at the escort carrier , hitting her with two, and severely damaging the ship which later sank. At 20.40 hours the U-boat fired a salvo of T-5 acoustic torpedoes, badly damaging the destroyer escort , and missing the . A counter-attack with depth charges was launched by and Eugene E. Elmore which sank the U-boat, in position .

Her commander from 17 November 1943 to December 1944 was Korvettenkapitän Walter Pommerehne, followed by Oberleutnant zur See Peter Rogowsky, who commanded her from December 1944 to 18 March 1945. While under command of Rogowsky, on 16 March, acquired U-866 on sonar and commenced a hedgehog attack. This attack missed the U-boat, which then settled on the ocean floor, attempting to hide from the attacking surface ships. Unfortunately for the U-boat, the seabed in the area was ideal for the surface ship's sonar and USS Lowe, , , and , all destroyer escorts, continued to attack with depth charges, until the U-boat was judged destroyed.

U-2336 trained with the 32nd U-boat Flotilla from 30 September 1944 to 15 February 1945, and began her first voyage as a front boat of the 4th U-boat Flotilla on 16 February 1945. Two days later, she collided with , another Type XXIII U-boat, off Heiligendamm on the Baltic coast. U-2344 was sunk, with the loss of 11 crew. It took about two months for U-2336 to leave her home port of Kiel, which she did on 18 April 1945 under a new commander, Kapitänleutnant Emil Klusmeier. After traveling across the straits of Kattegat and Skagerrak, U-2336 reached Larvik, Norway on 24 April 1945.

The Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I (sometimes called the "First Battle of the Atlantic", in reference to the World War II campaign of that name) was the prolonged naval conflict between German submarines and the Allied navies in Atlantic waters—the seas around the British Isles, the North Sea and the coast of France. Initially the U-boat campaign was directed against the British Grand Fleet. Later U-boat fleet action was extended to include action against the trade routes of the Allied powers. This campaign was highly destructive, and resulted in the loss of nearly half of Britain's merchant marine fleet during the course of the war.

The convoy enters the "Black Pit"—the Mid-Atlantic gap where they will be out of range of protective air cover. While they are still three days away from the resumption of air cover, high-frequency direction finding (HUFFDUFF) from the convoy flagship reports to Greyhound that it has intercepted German transmissions that are likely from a U-boat (submarine). Greyhound's crew identifies the surfaced sub heading toward the convoy. Greyhound moves away from the convoy to intercept it based on its bearing and gets the U-boat within firing range, but the heavy seas allow the U-boat to dive before Greyhound can get a visual.

U-37 at Lorient in 1940. U-37 was laid down by AG Weser of Bremen on 15 March 1937. Following just over a year of construction, she was launched from the Bremen shipyards on 14 May 1938 and commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 4 August 1938 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Schuch as a member of the 6th U-boat Flotilla. U-37 was by far the most successful Type IXA U-boat and the sixth most successful U-boat in World War II, sinking 53 merchant ships for a total of , along with two warships during eleven war patrols from August 1939 to March 1941.

The short opens with five Nazi soldiers patrolling the coast Europe in a U-boat, destroying everything they encounter (even a fellow U-boat). Each time they defeat an enemy, one of them jumps onto the bow of the U-boat and the Nazi captain emerges as they shout "Heil Hitler!" while exchanging salutes. Meanwhile, Popeye the Sailor is heading for Britain with a shipment of spinach to donate as a war ration; his ship is attacked and sunk by the Nazi patrol before he can reach Britain. Popeye manages to escape with his spinach in a rowboat but is pursued by the Nazis.

9 One man was lost, the remaining 56 crewmen were picked up by . U-43 then made for her new home port at Lorient in France, where the 2nd U-boat Flotilla had relocated in June after the fall of that country, arriving there on 18 October. Her commander, Wilhelm Ambrosius, was promoted to Korvettenkapitän on 1 November, and left U-43, going on to take command of the 22nd U-boat Flotilla in January 1941. Command of the U-boat passed to Oberleutnant zur See Wolfgang Lüth, who would go on to become the second most successful German submarine commander of the war.

A UN expedition of scientists from different countries come to barren arctic Bear Island, between Svalbard and northern Norway, to study climate change. However, several of them turn out to be more interested in the fact that (according to the film) there was a German U-boat base on the island during the Second World War. American scientist Frank Lansing (Donald Sutherland) has come because his father was a U-boat commander who died there, and as accidents start to decimate the expedition he begins to realise that some of his colleagues are after a shipment of gold aboard the U-boat that his father commanded.

A Q-ship would appear to be an easy target, but in fact carried hidden armaments. A typical Q-ship might resemble a tramp steamer sailing alone in an area where a U-boat was reported to be operating. By seeming to be a suitable target for the U-boat's deck gun, a Q-ship might encourage the U-boat captain to make a surface attack rather than use one of his limited number of torpedoes. The Q-ships' cargoes were light wood (balsa or cork) or wooden casks, so that even if torpedoed they would remain afloat, encouraging the U-boat to surface to sink them with a deck gun.

During this exchange, Ethel & Millie had closed up from the south- east, and, passing Nelson and her lifeboat, moved in to engage the U-boat. Manning proposed to stop and take on the survivors, but they refused, as he was not yet in range of the U-boat. The trawler continued to close, but she too came under fire from the U-boat, and after several hits, she too was left sinking, her crew also abandoning ship. Nelsons crew observed the men being taken from their boat, and lined up on the U-boat's deck, but were unable to see more as the view became obscured by the haze.

The strain upon his command was high, and morale among his crews brittle. The costs of the bombing offensive both in terms of manpower and of scarce war materiel was great. A good deal of pressure was upon Harris to release aircraft to help the Royal Navy in the battle of the Atlantic against German U-boats, but he was not prepared to dissipate his strength, preferring to assist in the U-boat war by attacking the U-boats at their bases. The Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN) U-boat engine plant in Augsburg presented a different type of opportunity to address the U-boat problem.

Reiner Dierksen joined the Reichsmarine in 1933. From October 1938 to June 1940 he was Commander M 5 of the 1st Mineseweeping flotilla, then he was the Commander of the 32nd Minesweeping flotilla until March 1941. Dierksen began his U-boat training in March 1941, then took his U-boat Commander training and U-boat familiarization until 15 December 1941 when he commissioned the Type IXC at Bremen. On his second patrol with U-176 Dierksen ran into one of the most stubborn victims of the entire war when he spent almost 48 hours hunting the Dutch steam merchant, Polydorus, before finally sinking her with his 7th and 8th torpedoes.

In the night on 2/3 May 1944, was spotted recharging her batteries on the surface off Djidjelli on the Algerian coast. The area was swamped with six escorts from the convoy GUS-38 and three aircraft squadrons. At 01.18 hours on 3 May, the U-boat managed to damage with a Gnat in the stern. The other vessels hunted the U-boat until the early morning of 4 May when Fenksi had to surface his boat and save his crew, but at 04.04 hours he still fought back and also damaged the FFL Sénégalais (T 22) with a Gnat before scuttling the U-boat.

Kurowski produced numerous books featuring highly decorated personnel of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS, including Luftwaffe pilots and U-boat commanders of Nazi Germany's navy (the Kriegsmarine). His works include books about fighter aces Hans-Joachim Marseille (under the title German Fighter Ace Hans-Joachim Marseille: The Life Story of the Star of Africa), Otto Kittel, Heinrich Bär, and Joachim Müncheberg, along with the "panzer ace" Kurt Knispel. Many of these were reprinted in the 1990–2000s by the German publisher Flechsig Verlag. Kurowski wrote extensively about successful U-boat commanders, "U-boat aces" in his terminology, including Helmut Witte, Johann Mohr, and Heinrich Lehmann- Willenbrock.

A second Swordfish had taken off to assist but could not find the U-boat or the convoy in the bad weather and was forced to ditch beside a straggling merchant ship. On 11 May, a Swordfish engaged another U-boat on the surface which initially fought back with her guns but was eventually forced to dive. The next morning, the patrolling Swordfish reported a U-boat sighting and was never heard from again. It was because of these last engagements that aircraft were ordered to fly in pairs, they were forbidden to fight it out with surfaced submarines and only to attack if it was diving.

After the fall of France in June 1940 the head of Germany’s U-boat Arm, Konteradmiral Karl Dönitz, was keen to use the French Atlantic ports as forward bases for his U-boat force then engaged in a commerce war against the United Kingdom. Prior to this U-boats had to travel from ports in Germany to their patrol areas, losing valuable time in the long transits necessary. From the coast of France these distances were substantially reduced, with a corresponding increase in the active range and endurance of the U-boat force. Dönitz lost no time in sending teams of engineers and base personnel to the ports, beginning with Lorient.

Men of the 41st were aboard the SS Tuscania when it was torpedoed by a German U-boat and sunk off the coast of Northern Ireland.

Following the sinking of Navasota, British destroyers briefly fired depth charges at the U-boat but she managed to safely evade the attack without any damage.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-247 was transferred to the 1st flotilla for front-line service on 23 October 1943.

Decorations and personal possessions taken from U-boat crewmen were retained as souvenirs rather than returned to prisoners of war as required by the Geneva Conventions.

Empress of Britain sank at 02:05 on 28 October 1940. At 42,348 gross tons, she was the largest ship sunk by a German U-boat.

The remaining thirty-five crewmen were taken prisoner. This was the first U-boat kill by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Battle of the Atlantic.

Eight of the top dozen U-boat aces served in the Pola flotilla, including the highest scoring commander of all, Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière.

Between April 1942 and the end of the war, it was credited with sinking 18 vessels: one U-boat, 10 merchantmen, three escorts and four minesweepers.

The sonar contacts consisted of two large sections lying approximately apart at either end of a debris field that indicated the presence of a U-boat.

While they are aboard the Dutch ship, a Royal Navy ship spots them and tries to torpedo them, but the U-boat ends up sinking it.

As the U-boat captain believed her still to be salvageable for the Norwegians the submarine torpedoed Frøya, blowing the stern off the already wrecked minelayer.

Bargsten said that in Danzig he had seen the Baltic Sea freighter, Morgenrot, lying on her side after being rammed by under command of Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Schultze. The prisoner recounted the story of an artillery duel in June 1942 between a destroyer and commanded by Kapitänleutnant Peter-Erich Cremer. He said that Cremer was so severely wounded that a plane was sent to take him from the U-boat and rush him to a hospital. (Note: This apparently happened in the Bay of Biscay, probably on a patrol subsequent to the one in which he was rammed by a tanker (June 1942) and brought his U-boat to port completely battered.)(Note 2: This story is somewhat different in the book by Peter Cremer, U-Boat Commander) In speaking of training and tactics, Bargsten said that the training of prospective U-boat commanders through a "Konfirmandenfahrt" (guest cruise) had been abandoned.

Alfred Saalwächter (10 January 1883 – 6 December 1945) was a high-ranking German U-boat commander during World War I and General Admiral during World War II.

When British forces closed in on the port, the U-boat was scuttled in position on 5 May 1945. Her wreck was later broken up for scrap.

Mendip's last assignment was with Operation Deadlight, the disposal of the German U-boat fleet, and in January 1946 she was paid off and placed in Reserve.

This would be its last completed return journey to the UK, as it was sunk by a German U-boat on 7 May 1915.Ancestry.co.uk, passenger lists.

Many of the later attacks made by TF60.7 were so-called "tin-opener attacks" against the U-boat wreck in order to gain evidence of its destruction.

Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: U 66", "U 67", "U 68", "U 69", "U 70". U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2008.

22nd U-boat Flotilla ("22. Unterseebootsflottille") was formed in January 1941 in Gotenhafen under the command of Korvettenkapitän Wilhelm Ambrosius. The flotilla was disbanded in May 1945.

Lohs succeeded on 13 patrols to sink an enemy tonnage of over . In the later Kriegsmarine the 3rd U-boat Flotilla in Kiel was named after him.

On the return voyage, her convoy once more ran afoul of UB-50 when the U-boat sank SS Magellan early in the evening of the 25th.

Hessler 1989, p. 83. The entire strategic position, which had been the foundation of the U-boat war since June 1940 had been undermined.Terraine 1989, p. 632.

The U-boat surfaced and shelled the ship. She was observed some twelve hours later with her stern out of the water; she eventually sank shortly afterward.

Later in the day, the submarine spotted a U-boat, but could not identify it and did not attack. Splendid safely arrived in Gibraltar on 16 October.

Later a Dutch battery on Curaçao engaged another U-boat when it attacked an oil tanker sailing off the island. None of the batteries hit their targets.

Type VIIC U-boat List of successful U-boats contains lists of the most successful German U-boats in the two World Wars based on total tonnage.

Reiner Dierksen (24 March 1908 – 15 May 1943) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and posthumous recipient of the German Cross in Gold.

She was sunk by depth charges dropped by the British frigate on 19 February 1944. Thirty-three men died from the U-boat; there were 16 survivors.

Gibson and Prendergast, p. 378. Saltzwedel, Steinbrinck's 26-year- old replacement, was an eight-year veteran of the Kaiserliche Marine and a first-time U-boat commander.

A British merchant ship is torpedoed by a German U-Boat and takes shelter in a neutral port. The Captain then strikes back at the German enemy.

Gleaner was completed by William Gray & Company, Hartlepool, as a survey vessel, but she was converted into a minesweeper when the war began. On 12 February 1940, Gleaner sank German U-boat U-33 () using depth charges and deck gun. The captain was Lt.Cdr. H. P. Price, RN. The British seized some materials from the U-boat, including Enigma machine rotors VI and VII, whose wirings were unknown at the time.

U-boat researcher Derek Waller has written that a German crewman, Ewald Felix, helped foil the scuttling attempt. Pillsbury attempted to take the submarine in tow but repeatedly collided with her and had to move away with three compartments flooded. A second boarding party from Guadalcanal then rigged a towline from the aircraft carrier to the U-boat. Guadalcanals chief engineer Commander Earl Trosino joined the salvage party.

Hans Goebeler - perhaps the most well-known member of the U-505 crew, Goebeler emigrated to the U.S. after the war. He was a fixture at U-boat events and war memorabilia shows. Goebeler recorded his experiences on the U-505 crew and in Camp Ruston in Steel Boats, Iron Hearts: A U-boat Crewman's Life Aboard U-505 [Savas Beatie LLC, 2004]. Spione interviewed Goebeler in Ruston.

Early on 10 October, the U-boat sighted another ship, estimated to be of about 15,000 tons, sailing independently. The U-boat pursued her, but lost her in rapidly worsening weather, abandoning the chase and returning to the patrol line. The next day, 11 October, reported sighting a convoy of three fast ships and three destroyers, U-353 was one of several U-boats ordered to pursue them.

At about 05:00 on 16 October, U-353 was proceeding at full speed on the surface in total darkness. The U-boat saw the shadows of ships all around, the nearest about five miles away. This ship, the corvette detected the U-boat by radar, promptly closed the range and opened fire with her guns. U-353 dived to and was attacked with depth charges, sustaining minor damage.

Dönitz resorted to sending out single submarines to the far reaches of the oceans in a bid to escape Allied naval power. In November 1943 he sent the last U-boat into the Gulf of Mexico just after the blackout restrictions were lifted. U-193 achieved one final success. The end of 1943 ended the attempt of the U-boat arm to achieve a strategic victory in the Atlantic.

It was the surfaced U-606, earlier disabled by depth charges from the Burza. Campbell closed to ram while the cutter's gunners opened fire. Campbell rammed the U-boat with a glancing blow and one of the submarine's hydroplanes sliced open Campbell's hull, flooding the engine room. The crew dropped two depth charges as the submarine slid past, and the explosions lifted the U-boat nearly five feet.

Taeger has her shot to cover up his mistake, then sends an urgent message to the U-boat captain. The submarine is attacked by American bombers, but escapes unharmed, and the saboteurs depart in a life raft before Taeger's message is received. Then the bomb Carl left aboard blows up, sending the submerged U-boat to the bottom. Ashore, the four men are spotted on the beach and arrested.

Preferring to remain in his current role, Sanders returned to sea in late May with Prize conducting a second patrol for three weeks. Sanders was wounded slightly in the arm during an action on 12 June, in which Prize encountered another German submarine, , on the surface. It was fired at 30 times by the U-boat as it approached. Once Sanders gave the order to fire, the U-boat turned away.

Connor, along with General Kerr (Jack Watson), starts searching for the prisoners. The Germans head for the coast and burn their escape lorry, which is seen by a reconnaissance plane. Drawn by the burning lorry, Connor (now in an aircraft) locates the Germans attempting to paddle towards a surfaced U-boat at dusk. Connor calls in a Royal Navy motor torpedo boat (MTB) with depth charges to engage the U-boat.

U-988′s career began on 15 July 1943 with training as part of the 5th U-boat Flotilla. On 8 September 1943, she collided with U-983 in the Baltic Sea north of Loba (). As a result of the collision, U-983 sank with the loss of five of her 43 crew. U-988 began active service on 1 June 1944 as part of the 7th U-boat Flotilla.

While steaming in convoy on July 16, 1918 the Piqua sighted the conning tower of a third U-boat-on an almost parallel heading. She closed and commenced firing at 11,000 yards (10,058 meters). Unable to see their target, the gun crew aimed according to estimated ranges and bearings called down to them from the bridge. Although she scored no hits her shells forced the U-boat to abandon her prey.

He went on to hold a number of staff positions, before taking command of 23rd U-boat Flotilla in the Mediterranean in September 1941. In 1942 he moved to command 29th U-boat Flotilla. On 1 March 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän. In February 1944 Frauenheim joined the staff of the Admiral der Kleinkampfverbände (Admiral of Small Battle Units), where he remained for the rest of the war.

The U-991 was laid down on 16 November 1942 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg, Germany. She was launched on 8 July 1943 and commissioned on 19 August 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Kurt Hilbig, who was replaced on 17 August 1944 by Oberleutnant zur See Karl-Heinz Steinmetz. Her U-boat emblem was 13 and Clover. A cross-section of a Type VIIC U-boat.

U-196 was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla on 1 October 1944. On 30 November, U-196 left Batavia (Java, in Indonesia), now commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Werner Striegler. After departure U-196 was reassigned to refuel a sister U-boat in the Indian Ocean, but the rendezvous never took place. Efforts to contact U-196 during early December 1944 failed to elicit a response.

MANTA Controller – to allow for supervised passenger steering U-Boat Worx developed the MANTA Controller. The pilot can hand over the controller to an untrained guest to let them navigate, under supervision. MARLIN Controller – To make launch and recovery of the submersible easy and safe, U-Boat Worx developed the MARLIN Controller. This controller allows for wireless control and navigation on the surface without having a person inside the submarine.

On 20 August, a U-boat entered Isfjorden and bombarded shore installations in Green Harbour and Advent Bay with its deck gun. At Barentsburg, the Norwegians returned fire from the cutter armed with the Colt machine-gun, which was moored at the pier and with an Oerlikon emplaced on the rise beyond the village, forcing the U-boat to fire from longer range; the Norwegians again suffered no casualties.

The improved coverage of the Gulf provided immediate results when a Hudson spotted a U-boat south of the eastern tip of Anticosti Island. The Hudson strafed and depth charged the U-boat, causing no damage. The attack on U-165 drove the submarine west, into the St. Lawrence River. Further naval reinforcements were assigned to convoys in the Gulf of St. Lawrence as a result of the attacks.

Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz Sending a message to a U-boat usually began with Rear Admiral Dönitz (Commander of the Submarines, German: Befehlshaber der U-Boote, abbr. BdU) who maintained tight control on U-boat operations. The Officer of the watch would take the message, timestamp it, and hand it to the duty radio technician watch officer for encryption. Fifteen to twenty radiomen worked per shift enciphering and deciphering messages.

The first attacks on merchant ships had started in October 1914. At that time there was no plan for a concerted U-boat offensive against Allied trade. It was recognised the U-boat had several drawbacks as a commerce raider, and such a campaign risked alienating neutral opinion. In the six months to the opening of the commerce war in February 1915, U-boats had sunk 19 ships, totalling .

July 1918 witnessed the Attack on Orleans when a U-boat sunk four barges and a tugboat off the coast of Cape Cod Massachusetts by the town of Orleans. The U-boat fired on the town ineffectually for about an hour before it was fought off by two Navy planes. It was the first attack involving a foreign power's artillery against US soil since the Mexican–American War.

U-300 departed Horten Naval Base, Norway, on 18 July 1944 and sailed for the waters south-east of Iceland. On 4 August the U-boat was attacked by a Canso flying boat of No. 162 Squadron RCAF with three depth charges, causing extensive damage. The U-boat drove the aircraft off with flak, but was forced to return to base for repairs, arriving at Trondheim on 17 August.

During this time there were multiple false reports of U-boat sightings. Wyoming became Rear Admiral Hugh Rodman's flagship after was damaged hitting a U-boat. On November21 Wyoming and 370 other warships rendezvoused with the German High Seas Fleet and accepted its surrender. Afterwards she joined the , which was carrying president Woodrow Wilson to the Paris Peace Conference, along with nine other battleships and 28 destroyers off Brest, France.

U-338 sailed from St. Nazaire again on 25 August 1943 into the mid-Atlantic, joining the wolfpack 'Leuthen' on 15 September. The U-boat was lost on 20 September during an attack on Convoy ON 202. After being spotted by a B-24 Liberator patrol aircraft, the Canadian corvette approached at speed firing her 4-inch gun. The U-boat dived, and was located by Drumhellers ASDIC (sonar).

Popeye flips the U-boat upside-down and quickly withdraws. But Popeye rows into a minefield and his boat is destroyed before he can escape. Popeye quickly collects all his spinach before the U-boat catches up with him. The Nazis ready their U-boat's turret but smoke from Popeye's tobacco pipe causes it to sneeze and fire uncontrollably, knocking Popeye out cold and sending his spinach flying into the air.

As the French bases fell to the advancing Allies, U-309 was transferred again, this time to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla based at Flensburg. Under her new commander Oberleutnant zur See Herbert Loeder she left La Pallice on 29 August 1944, and sailed around the British Isles to Stavanger, Norway, arriving on 13 October. The U-boat left there after only two days, sailing to Flensburg by the 21st.

On the fourth and final war patrol, U-731 was detected on 15 May 1944 by two Catalinas, P-14 and P-1, of VP-63 off Tangiers, when the U-boat tried to force the Strait of Gibraltar. Two British patrol craft, and , received reports of the U-boat and attacked with hedgehogs. U-731 was sunk in position ; all 54 crew members perished in the attack.

The U-boat submerged to attack, but was outrun by the much larger and faster ship. As she surfaced in Queen Mary's wake U-853 was attacked by Fairey Swordfish aircraft from British merchant aircraft carriers and . The U-boat took no significant damage and returned fire, hitting all three aircraft. The planes were able to return to their carrier, but after recovery one was deemed a total loss and jettisoned.

The U-boat then fired two more torpedoes which sank the vessel. Another unescorted liberty ship, Samuel Jordan Kirkwood was torpedoed on 7 May about southeast of Ascension Island. The crew of 71 abandoned ship in four lifeboats and a raft before the U-boat sank the ship with another torpedo. On 12 May, the unescorted 6,797 ton American merchant ship Cape Neddick was hit by two torpedoes.

There were several ways to be awarded this medal. The most common would be the completion of two or more war patrols. Although the completion of two war patrols might seem a lowly requirement, but a typical U-boat war cruise would often run into months at a time. Completing two war patrols could be equally dangerous as the U-boat has to endure constant attacks by Allied aircraft and warships.

The U-boat could carry up to of diesel fuel, giving her a range of at Her electric motors and batteries provided a range of at while submerged. UB-43 was equipped with two bow torpedo tubes and could carry four torpedoes. The U-boat was also armed with one Uk L/30 deck gun. UB-43 was laid down by AG Weser at its Bremen shipyard on 3 September 1915.

U-44 had a very short operational life. During her service with the Kriegsmarine, she took part in only two combat patrols. After training exercises with the 6th U-boat Flotilla from 4 November to 31 December 1939, U-44 was assigned as the front boat for the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 1 January 1940. She was to remain a part of this flotilla until her loss.

On 1 December 1942, U-117 was assigned to the 12th U-boat Flotilla at Bordeaux. Her fifth and final patrol began on 22 July 1943 from her base in Bordeaux. Her main objective on this patrol was to lay 66 mines off New York City. On 27 July, U-Boat Control directed U-117 to divert from her course to refuel , which was also heading for North America.

Two weeks later, SC 130 saw at least three U-boats destroyed and at least one U-boat damaged for no losses. Faced with disaster, Dönitz called off operations in the North Atlantic, saying, "We had lost the Battle of the Atlantic". In all, 43 U-boats were destroyed in May, 34 in the Atlantic. This was 25% of German U-boat arm (U-Bootwaffe) (UBW)'s total operational strength.

Where regular escorts would have to break off and stay with their convoy, the support group ships could keep hunting a U-boat for many hours. One tactic introduced by Captain John Walker was the "hold-down", where a group of ships would patrol over a submerged U-boat until its air ran out and it was forced to the surface; this might take two or three days.

Suhren claimed that later during his career, Baltzer personally prevented him from advancing in rank to Kapitän zur See (Captain at Sea). Suhren career with the U-boat force started on 30 March 1938 with his assignment to the U-boat school. In parallel he attended another torpedo course (30 March – 11 June 1938) at Flensburg. He was promoted to Leutnant zur See (Second Lieutenant) on 1 April 1938.

Coastal Command Anti U-Boat Devices School RAF is a former training school of the Royal Air Force's Coastal Command which was operational from 1940 until 1945 during the Second World War. The Coastal Command Anti U-Boat Devices School RAF was formed on 20 April 1945 at RAF Limavady operating the Vickers Wellington GR Mk.VIII until August 1945 still at Limavady. The unit had several different identities beforehand.

Wadsworth made her fourth depth charge attack on a U-boat on 29 July. At about 17:25, she dropped several charges in what appeared to be the wake of a submarine proceeding submerged. The conjecture that a U-boat was damaged was supported by the appearance of a large amount of heavy oil on the surface following the attack. Just before 23:00, the warship attacked another supposed submarine wake.

Döhler went through U-boat Commander training with the 26th U-boat Flotilla from November to December 1941. Upon completing the course he commanded the "duck" , a school boat, from 4 January 1942 to 24 September 1942. On 2 October 1942 Döhler took command of the Type VIIC boat . After only two weeks with the new command he left Bergen, Norway to his first war patrol in the North Atlantic.

SM UB-44 was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 May 1916 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Franz Wäger.Wäger was in the Navy's April 1907 cadet class with 34 other future U-boat captains, including Werner Fürbringer, Heino von Heimburg, Hans Howaldt, Otto Steinbrinck, and Ralph Wenninger. See: UB-44, Wäger's fourth U-boat command, Wäger had previously commanded , , and . was assigned to the Navy's Pola Flotilla ().

The 8th U-boat Flotilla (German 8. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in June 1941 in Königsberg under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg-Wilhelm Schulz, who also at this time commanded the 6th U-boat Flotilla in Danzig. It was primarily a training flotilla but in the last months of the war some flotilla boats were in combat against the Soviet Navy in the Baltic Sea. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1945.

After Prize was repaired, she returned to sea in late May, conducting a second patrol off the northwest coast of Ireland for three weeks. On 12 June, she encountered on the surface. The U-boat shelled Prize 30 times as it approached but once a wounded Sanders gave the order to return fire, it turned away. Prize only fired a few shots before the U-boat quickly submerged and got away.

Nettelton racing along at low level The Augsburg raid was the first use of the Lancaster over enemy held terrain. Six Lancasters from 44 Squadron and six from 97 Squadron were tasked with flying to the MAN U-boat engine plant in Augsburg, southern Germany. The MAN plant produced half the U-boat engines in use. To bomb the target accurately, the raid was made in the light of day.

During World War II, the United States established a German POW prisoner camp in the Papago desert of Scottsdale. The camp was known as Camp Papago Park. Imprisoned were mostly U-boat navel personnel which included U-boat commander Jürgen Wattenberg. The prison guards were unaware that Wattenburg and some of his men were digging a tunnel from the prison which would exit close to the Crosscut Canal.

By the time the lone Swordfish dispatched had arrived, the U-boat——had been sunk by .Poolman (1972), pp.61–62. Biter kept up her anti-submarine patrols over the next days and on 25 April, the radar operator on Biter reported a submarine contact. The destroyer dispatched to investigate could not find anything, then at 16:25 a Swordfish sighted a U-boat on the surface only from Biter.

Hensellek was replaced after only three weeks by Oblt.z.S. Otto Hohmann while U-298 completed the training of her crew while part of the 8th U-boat Flotilla in the Baltic Sea. In July 1944 U-298 sailed to Bergen, Norway, to join the U-Abwehrschule (U-boat School) where she remained as a training boat, under the command of Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Gehrken, until ordered to surrender on 8 May 1945.

D7 collided with a U-boat in May 1918. Her periscopes were damaged but she escaped otherwise unscathed. D7 was sold on 19 December 1921 to H. Pounds.

Screenshot Danger from the Deep, often abbreviated as DftD, is an open-source World War II German U-boat simulation for PC, striving for technical and historical accuracy.

The survivors were landed at Funchal in Portugal on 26 February. The U-Boat terminated this successful patrol at Kiel on 4 March after 28 days at sea.

On her third patrol, the U-boat also had torpedoes fired at her in the central North Sea by another British submarine, . The result was inconclusive as well.

U-673 remained in Stavanger for the rest of the war and became British war booty in 1945. In 1946 the U-boat was broken up for scrap.

By the autumn of 1940 she had made 16 crossings of the North Atlantic and had survived a U-Boat attack on convoy HX 55 in July 1940.

30 minutes later, the U-boat returned to the scene to search for evidence and possible survivors but without success. All 28 members of E3s crew were lost.

Although no codes or secret papers were recovered, the British now possessed a complete U-boat. After a refit, U-570 was commissioned into the Royal Navy as .

After hostilities with Germany ended, Pillsbury and escorted the first surrendered German U-boat, , from mid-Atlantic to Cape May, New Jersey after placing a prize crew aboard.

In recurring flashbacks, the captain relives his wartime experiences as the commander of a Royal Navy submarine, sent to South African waters to destroy an experimental U-Boat.

Following this action, Scheer came under criticism from Pless, the Naval chief of staff, and the Kaiser himself, who felt that risking so many capital ships of the High Seas Fleet, and having two dreadnoughts put out of action, for the sake of two U-boats, was inappropriate. However, Scheer defended himself robustly, stating that it was imperative to give the men of the U-boat arm the fullest possible support. He also stated that Germany's naval strategy should be to concentrate all her efforts on the U-boat offensive, and that henceforth the principal role of the German surface fleet should be to ensure the U-boat force was able to get to sea safely, and to return safely home. It was a striking demonstration of the shift in German naval policy from the pursuit of naval supremacy through her surface fleet, to the war on commerce by her U-boat arm.

U-383 served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training, and then operationally with the 9th flotilla from 1 October 1942 to 1 August 1943. She completed four patrols in that time, sinking only one ship, the Icelandic trawler Jon Olafsson on 24 October 1942, during her first patrol. On the evening of 1 August 1943 U-383 was attacked west of Brittany, at position , by a Short Sunderland of No. 228 Squadron RAF. Responding with flak, the U-boat holed the fuselage and shot away the starboard float and aileron of the aircraft, which pressed home its attack and straddled the U-boat with depth charges before heading back to base.

The attack on HG 76 was the last in a series of U-boat pack attacks on Gibraltar convoys which had started in the summer of 1941. Before this the U-boat Arm (, UBW) had only enough boats operational to form one patrol line at a time and their focus was on the North Atlantic convoy route. Gibraltar convoys had suffered only occasional adventitious attacks by individual U-boats that had met them while crossing their route. By the summer 1941 U-boat Command (BdU) had sufficient boats to form several patrol lines but this coincided with Hitler ordering U-boats into the Mediterranean to support Axis forces operating in North Africa and attack the Gibraltar traffic.

U-377 departed from Brest on 15 December 1943, with Kluth back in command, sailing out into mid-Atlantic. She made her last radio report on 15 January 1944, claiming to have attacked an unidentified search group with homing torpedoes. The BdU ("U-boat Command") expected the U-boat to head back to France on or about 29 January, so when she had failed to arrive by 10 February, she was listed as missing from 4 February 1944. After the war the Allied Assessment Committee were unable to attribute the loss of U-377 to any known anti- submarine attack, and the U-boat was officially recorded as "lost to unknown cause".

U-boat pens at the harbor of La Rochelle (2007) U 995, a U-boat of the version VII-C/41, at its exhibition in Laboe in 2004 Several different sets were used. Two full-size mock-ups of a Type VIIC boat were built, one representing the portion above water for use in outdoor scenes, and the other a cylindrical tube on a motion mount (hydraulic gimbal) for the interior scenes. The mock-ups were built according to U-boat plans from Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry. The outdoor mock-up was basically a shell propelled with a small engine, and stationed in La Rochelle, France and has a history of its own.

It is maintained by some historians that the U-Boat Arm came close to winning the Battle of the Atlantic; that the Allies were almost defeated; and that Britain was brought to the brink of starvation. Others, including Blair and Alan Levin, disagree; Levin states this is "a misperception", and that "it is doubtful they ever came close" to achieving this.Levin p375 The focus on U-boat successes, the "aces" and their scores, the convoys attacked, and the ships sunk, serves to camouflage the Kriegsmarine's manifold failures. In particular, this was because most of the ships sunk by U-boat were not in convoys, but sailing alone, or having become separated from convoys.

Merchant ship losses U-boat losses Historians disagree about the relative importance of the anti-U-boat measures. Max Hastings states that "In 1941 alone, Ultra [breaking the German code] saved between 1.5 and two million tons of Allied ships from destruction." This would be a 40 percent to 53 percent reduction. A history based on the German archives written for the British Admiralty after the war by a former U-boat commander and son-in-law of Dönitz reports that several detailed investigations to discover whether their operations were compromised by broken code were negative and that their defeat ".. was due firstly to outstanding developments in enemy radar ..."2, p. 26.

Pfeil, meanwhile, was also used to train U-boat crews. Blitz and Pfeil were ultimately struck from the naval register in 1921 and 1922, respectively, before being broken up.

In the Second World War Wandles Master was G.A.W. Mastin, whose father G.E.A. Mastin had commanded the first SS Wandle when she repulsed a U-boat attack in 1916.

She was sunk by another U-boat the next day as she sat helpless, without working engines. Ramming attacks during the Second World War included the ramming of by .

Granados and his wife lost their lives on March 24, 1916 when their ship, the French steamer Sussex, was torpedoed by a German U-boat in the English Channel.

U-1210 was sunk on 3 May 1945, by US fighter-bombers of XXIX TAC 9th AF off the U-boat base at Eckernförde. The wreck is located at .

The Handley Page crews sighted eleven U-boats and attacked seven with bombs, but without sinking any, although the deterrent effect drastically reduced U-boat operations in the area.

The U-boat was attacked by an Allied aircraft in mid-Atlantic on 6 February 1943. The damage sustained was serious enough to force the abandonment of her patrol.

Five ships of Convoy HG 84, assembled at Gibraltar for passage to Liverpool, were sunk, all by the U-boat U-552 in the early hours of 15 June.

She was supplied with two Heinkel He 114A-2 seaplanes and 300 sea mines. She also carried 25 G7a torpedoes and 80 U-Boat mines for replenishing U-boats.

The U-boat surrendered at Narvik, Norway on 9 May 1945. On 31 December 1945 U-668 was sunk by gunfire from in position as part of Operation Deadlight.

He was assigned to continue his studies at the Pontifical North American College in Rome, but the escalation of U-boat activity prevented him from sailing across the Atlantic.

They were all making not just small side arms such as pistols and machine guns but also large weapons like artillery as well as U-boat and aircraft parts.

Operation Regenbogen (, "Rainbow Order") was the code name for the planned mass scuttling of the German U-boat fleet, to avoid surrender, at the end of World War II.

Three Royal Navy sailors, Lieutenant Anthony Fasson, Able Seaman Colin Grazier and NAAFI canteen assistant Tommy Brown, then boarded the abandoned submarine. There are differing reports as to how the three British men boarded the U-boat. Some accounts (such as that of Kahn) say that they "swam naked" to U-559, which was sinking, but slowly.Kahn, David Seizing The Enigma: The Race to Break The German U-boat Codes, 1939-1943. 1991. p. 224.

70 In September 1941 Gladiolus was involved in the battle for SC 42. Under major attack, SC 42 lost 15 ships in two days, for the destruction of one U-boat. Numerous escorts were drafted in as reinforcement; on 11 September Gladiolus arrived with EG 2, led by Douglas. SC 42 was stalked for a further five days, losing two more ships, though the destroyers of EG 2 were able to sink another U-boat.

Allied convoys had not yet been organized in those waters, so initially many ships were sunk. However, this situation was soon remedied.Uboat.net, U-boat Operations – The Monsun U-boats During the later war years, the "Monsun Boats" were also used as a means of exchanging vital war supplies with Japan. During 1943 and 1944, due to Allied anti-submarine tactics and better equipment the U-boat fleet started to suffer heavy losses.

Hardegen served as 1.WO (First Watch Officer) under Kapitänleutnant Georg-Wilhelm Schulz aboard and, after two war patrols, was given his own command, the Type IID U-boat , operating out of Kiel, on 11 December 1940.Gannon, p.34 The boat was ready for its first patrol shortly before the new year and, after visiting the U-boat base in Bergen, U-147 was ordered to patrol the convoy routes north of the Hebrides.

The electric motors stopped working, all but one of the depth gauges broke, and the aft hydroplanes were put out of action. U-353 went deeper, almost out of control as water poured in through the stern torpedo tube causing her to lose trim. The U-boat blew her tanks and surfaced, and the captain ordered the crew to prepare to abandon ship. Fame was preparing for a hedgehog attack when the U-boat surfaced.

U-1200 keel was laid down 17 April 1943, by F. Schichau, of Danzig. She was commissioned 5 January 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hinrich Mangels.Neistle p 98 She was assigned to 8th U-boat Flotilla for training, before joining 11th U-boat Flotilla in Norway for operational service. Her first war patrol, on 7 October 1944, was cut short with mechanical difficulties; she returned to Bergen on 17 October.

On 13 April, Vice-Admiral William Whitworth hoisted his flag in Warspite and led nine destroyers, three sweeping mines and six in an offensive role, into Ofotfjord to neutralise a force of eight German destroyers trapped near the port of Narvik.O'Hara, 2013, p. 43. Her Fairey Swordfish float-plane sank the German U-boat with 250 lb bombs, becoming the first aircraft to sink a U-boat in the war.O'Hara, 2013, p. 45.

On 30 October 1942, a Sunderland flying boat reported the sighting of a submarine north of the Nile delta area.Connell, 1976, p. 65Petard, with , , and , was involved in the sinking of . After many hours of searching and attacks with depth charges, the U-boat was forced to the surface. Both Petard and Hurworth engaged the U-boat with their "pom-poms" and Oerlikons after the main armament (4-inch guns) was found to be ineffective.

Albert Lauzemis joined Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in 1937. He went through U-boat training and U-boat familiarization (Baubelehrung) from June 1940 to February 1941. He trained for the Type IXC boats and on commissioning of by Kapitän zur See Karl-Friedrich Merten he became its Second Watch Officer (2WO). Lauzemis sailed on the boat for two patrols as 2WO and then for the third patrol as the First Watch Officer (1WO).

He served on the boat until April 1942. During Lauzemis' stint on U-68 Merten sank eleven ships for over 63,000 tons. Lauzemis went through U-boat commander training with the 24th U-boat Flotilla in May 1942 and on 18 May he was given command of the small "duck" school boat . He only served there for six weeks before taking command of the much larger Type IX on 1 July 1942.

These factors drove a major military, industrial and residential expansion of the city.The Halifax Explosion and the Royal Canadian Navy John Armstrong, University of British Columbia Press, 2002, p.10-11. On 27 June 1917, a German U-boat torpedoed a hospital ship from the port of Halifax named . Escaping lifeboats were pursued and sunk by the U-boat and the survivors machine-gunned. Of the crew totalling 258, only twenty-four survived.

21st U-boat Flotilla ("21. Unterseebootsflottille") was a unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine before and during World War II. It was formed in 1935 as a Schulverband ("School Unit") based at Kiel under the command of Kapitän zur See Kurt Slevogt (Chef des Schulverbandes). In May 1937 the unit moved to Neustadt and was redesignated as the Unterseebootsschulflottille, ("U-boat School Flotilla"), commanded by Kapitänleutnant Heinz Beduhn. In June 1940 it was redesignated 21.

The loss of 28 ships in 48 hours made 18 and 19 October the worst two days for shipping losses in the entire Atlantic campaign. The attack on SC 7 was a vindication of the U-boat Arm's wolfpack tactic, and was the most successful U-boat attack of the Atlantic campaign. The convoy escort was ineffective in guarding against the attack. Convoy tactics were rudimentary at this early stage of the war.

On 24 September 1915, Baralong sank the U-boat , for which its commanding officer at the time, Lieutenant-Commander A. Wilmot- Smith, was later awarded £170 prize bounty. U-41 was in the process of sinking SS Urbino with gunfire when Baralong arrived on the scene, flying an American flag. When U-41 surfaced near Baralong, the latter opened fire while continuing to fly the American flag, and sank the U-boat.

The success of convoys as an anti-submarine tactic during the world wars can be ascribed to several reasons related to U-boat capabilities, the size of the ocean and convoy escorts. In practice, Type VII and Type IX U-boats were limited in their capabilities. Submerged speed and endurance was limited and not suited for overhauling many ships. Even a surfaced U-boat could take several hours to gain an attack position.

On 5 February 1942 Arbutus was escorting convoy ON 63 when it was detected by . The U-boat sent a sighting report and commenced shadowing, but the transmission was DFed and escorts and Arbutus ran down the bearing to attack. The U-boat commander, K/L H Zimmmerman, responded aggressively, counter- attacking and torpedoing Arbutus as she approached. The corvette broke in half and sank, with the loss of half her crew.

On 15 November the U-boat was attacked by a British Hudson light bomber of No. 500 Squadron RAF, north of Algiers, in position . U-259 was sunk with all 48 hands when one of the depth charges dropped by the aircraft exploded on contact with the U-boat. The blast also crippled the aircraft, forcing the crew to bail out. Only the pilot and one crewman were rescued by the British sloops and .

U-656 went into service initially with 5th U-boat Flotilla for training from September 1941 until December 1941. She moved into operational service with 1st U-boat Flotilla on 1 January 1942, and was commanded by Ernst Kröning. U-656 made two patrols, but did not sink any ships. Her first patrol lasted almost two weeks: after departing Kiel on 15 January 1942, she put in at Brest, France on 28 January.

U-862 was also a trial boat for the FuMo 65 Hohentwiel radar system. This was cranked out of a casing on the port side of the conning tower and rose on a mast. The aerial was hand trained onto targets whilst the U-boat was on the surface. The radar had a range up to and was very effective where there was little risk from air attack on the U-boat.

U-889 was laid down on 13 September 1943 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser shipyard in Bremen and was commissioned on 4 August 1944, with Kapitänleutnant (Lieutenant) Friedrich Braeucker (Crew IV/37) as commander. Until 14 March 1945 she was attached to 4th U-boat Flotilla for training. She was then assigned to 33rd U-boat Flotilla, a combat unit based at Flensburg. Her first, and only, active patrol started on 15 March 1945.

The cities Bergen and Trondheim were subject to several espionage cases during World War I. Bergen was an important harbour, and information about ships traffic was sensitive due to the U-boat Campaign by the German Empire against Britain and her allies. From 1914 to 1918 more than 800 Norwegian merchant ships were sunk due to the German U-boat Campaign.Søhr, 1938 pp. 148-151 A series of unexplained fires occurred in 1917.

On 6 February 1945, U-864 began experiencing trouble with one of her engines, which began misfiring, greatly increasing the sounds the U-boat made. Wolfram contacted Bergen, informing them that he would be returning for further repairs. Wolfram was told that an escort would be waiting for them at Hellisøy on the 10th. At the same time, Venturer, commanded by Lieutenant James Launders arrived in Fedje and began searching for the U-boat.

U-269 was sunk on 25 June 1944 south-east of Torquay, in position . The U-boat was detected by the Royal Navy frigate , of the 5th Support Group, which immediately attacked with depth charges. The first attack knocked out all the lights aboard the U-boat, while the second ruptured the seals on the drive shafts, allowing water to rush in. The frigate's third depth charge run destroyed pipes, valves and electrical connections.

Also, in the two main surface actions of this period the U-boat was unable to have any effect; the High Seas Fleet was unable to draw the Grand Fleet into a U-boat trap. Whilst warships were travelling at speed and on an erratic zigzag course they were relatively safe, and for the remainder of the war the U-boats were unable to mount a successful attack on a warship travelling in this manner .

A large expansion program was conducted at the base and several new anti-aircraft guns were set up to protect the U-boat bunkers. More engineers and technicians were moved to Bergen to accommodate the increased technical requirements of the base as well. Two more bunkers named Werft Gemeinschaftslager 1 and Gemeinschaftslager 2 were also built during this time. In late 1944 several British air attacks damaged the U-boat bases in Bergen.

Shipbuilding became a major wartime industry, focused on merchant ships and tankers. Merchant ships were often sunk until the convoy system was adopted using British and Canadian naval escorts, Convoys were slow but were effective in stopping U-boat attacks.Brian Tennyson, and Roger Sarty. "Sydney, Nova Scotia and the U-Boat War, 1918." Canadian Military History 7.1 (2012): 4+ online The troops were shipped over on fast passenger liners that could easily outrun submarines.

Captain Christian August Max Ahlmann Valentiner (December 15, 1883 – July 19, 1949) was a German U-boat commander during World War I. He was the third highest-scoring U-boat commander of the war, and was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his achievements. He was also listed as a war criminal by the Allies, for killing hundreds of civilians by sinking the passenger liner without warning on December 30, 1915, contrary to international law.

The three sloops, , and , expended some 345 depth charges over a period of 15 hours, finally forcing U-473 to surface. The U-boat attempted to flee on the surface, but was brought under heavy gunfire from the three warships. Her captain and members of her crew were killed, and the survivors abandoned ship. The deserted U-boat, still running at high speed, headed straight for Starling which was obliged to take evasive action.

After sinking Athenia, U-30 went on to sink two more vessels, Blairlogie and the . Following the attack, the German Ministry of Propaganda checked incoming reports from both London and the German Naval High command. Having been told by Kriegsmarine that there was not a single U-boat in the vicinity of Athenia on the day of her sinking, the Propaganda Ministry promptly denied all allegations that any German U-boat had sunk Athenia.

St. Thomas is credited with the sinking of , a German submarine on 27 December 1944. The battle took place north-west of the Azores in position 46º25'N, 36º38'W, off the coast of Newfoundland. St. Thomas twice detected and carried out attacks on the U-boat using her Squid forward-throwing anti-submarine mortar. St. Thomas had begun to withdraw, when the damaged U-boat was discovered to have surfaced away.

The German crew abandoned ship before U-39 sank—the first U-boat lost during the war. Ark Royals aircraft reached Fanad Head, which was in the hands of a German boarding party. The Skuas unsuccessfully attacked U-30: two crashed when caught by the blast of their own bombs. The U-boat escaped after rescuing the boarding party and the pilots of the downed aircraft (both observers had drowned), and torpedoing the Fanad Head.

On 8 October 1943, while operating against convoy SC 143, U-643 was detected by Liberator R of No. 86 Squadron RAF. The aircraft strafed the U-boat but had to return to base short on fuel. Another British aircraft, Liberator Z of the same squadron, continued the attack on U-643, which attempted to dive. Four depth charged were dropped in the wake of the diving U-boat, which resulted in an oil spill.

5 EG's first action was a major convoy battle in defence of HX 112 in March 1941. This saw the loss of 5 ships but also the destruction of two U-boats and , commanded by leading U-boat aces Kretschmer and Schepke.Blair pp. 255-258 5 EG continued on escort duty in the North Atlantic but this became uneventful due to a downturn in the U-boat effectiveness in Summer of 1941.

On the night of 18/19 July 1943 K-74 was patrolling the coastline near Florida. Using radar, the airship located a surfaced German submarine. K-74 made her attack run but the U-boat opened fire first. K-74s depth charges did not release as she crossed the U-boat and K-74 received serious damage, losing gas pressure and an engine but landing in the water without loss of life.

The plane's bombs missed the U-boat and U-515 failed to shoot down the aircraft. On 9 April U-515 was attacked north of Madeira by the destroyers , , and . Flooding and loss of depth control forced the U-Boat to the surface, where she was sunk by rockets fired from Grumman Avenger and Grumman Wildcat aircraft and gunfire from the destroyers. Sixteen of U-515s crew were killed, but 44 survived the attack.

Both the destroyer and the U-boat employed every trick in the book in an attempt to out-wit the other. Hesperus kept her two signal searchlights on the U-boat's conning tower which probably distracted the German skipper into making a fatal error, i.e. crossing the British destroyers' bow. Hesperus rammed the U-boat, cutting it almost in half, leaving only a spreading pool of oil and a handful of survivors.

Before depth charges could be dropped, the vessels collided, with each side claiming to have rammed the other. Both vessels were badly damaged. The U-boat, later revealed to be quickly dived while New Glasgow limped to Londonderry Port with a broken propeller and other hull damage. Meanwhile, the Allies tasked a 14-ship naval task force comprising Escort Groups C-4, 25 and 26 to find the U-boat, without success.

Kuhnke assumed command of the 33rd U-boat Flotilla upon arriving at Flensburg. He relinquished command of U-853 back to Frömsdorf, who took the U-boat on her third and final patrol. Before departure U-853 was fitted with a Schnorchel, a retractable air intake and exhaust that allowed the ship to remain submerged while running her diesel engines. The Schnorchel reduced the need to spend dangerous periods on the surface recharging batteries.

During World War II, three tonnage wars were fought. The largest and best known of them was Nazi Germany's U-boat campaign, aimed mainly against the United Kingdom. Less well- known campaigns were waged by Allied forces in the Mediterranean and Pacific theaters, neither of them deliberately planned as a tonnage war in the way that German U-boat campaign was, but both having that effect— and both were also very successful.

Maertens thought to estimate submarine movements with some accuracy. The discovery of centimetric radar, on a downed British bomber in Rotterdam, which operated on a wavelength of 9.7 cm, supported his assumptions. The radar assumed that British aeroplanes could detect the U-boat while surfaced without alerting the U-boat and could attack them by surprise. Indeed, the Royal Air Force had begun to do that in the Bay of Biscay, but not anywhere else.

At a nearby airstrip, Jones and Marion destroy the flying wing intended to transport the Ark to Berlin. The Nazis load the Ark onto a truck and flee, but Jones catches up on horseback, hijacks the truck, and escapes. He arranges to transport the Ark to London aboard a tramp steamer. The following day, a Nazi U-boat intercepts the ship and seizes the Ark and Marion; Jones covertly boards the U-boat.

The U-boat War Badge was originally instituted during the First World War on February 1, 1918. It was awarded to recognize U-boat crews who had completed three war patrols. The badge was worn on the lower left side of the uniform and was oval shaped resembling a wreath of laurel leaves. A submarine lay across the center and the German State Crown (Reichskrone) was inlaid at the top center of the wreath.

U-845 was ordered in January 1941 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1051. Her keel was laid down on 20 June 1942. The U-boat was launched the following year on 18 January 1943. she was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Udo Behrens (Crew 30) in 4th U-boat Flotilla on 1 May 1943. On 10 July 1943 Rudolf Hoffmann (Crew 36) took over command.

On 31 December 1917 she was attacked and torpedoed without warning by the German U-boat , commanded by Kapitänleutnant Athalwin Prinz. U-95 belonged to the German 4th U-boat Flotilla. Vigrid sank in the English Channel some west- north-west of Rundelstone Buoy, at . At the time of her sinking, she was en route from the port of Barry in Wales to Rouen in France with a cargo of 2,102 tons of coal.

U-855 was ordered in June 1941 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 710. Her keel was laid down on 21 October 1942 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 17 April 1943. She was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Albert Sürenhagen (Crew 36) in 4th U-boat Flotilla. In April 1944 Sürenhagen handed over command to Oberleutnant zur See Prosper Ohlsen (Crew 36).

The torpedo's aim was true, but it failed to detonate when it hit the ship. A few days later, a British Falmouth-class cruiser attacked the U-boat. On 11 March, a valve on U-16 leaked and water flooded into the boat, inundating the batteries, which released chlorine gas. The U-boat made it back to Kotor and underwent repairs that kept the boat out of action until the end of April.

On 20 September 1941, HMS Honeysuckle picked up 51 survivors from the CAM ship Empire Burton, which was torpedoed by the German U-boat U-74. That same day, she picked up an additional 22 survivors from the tanker T.J. Williams, which has torpedoed by a different U-boat, U-552. On 4 July 1943, she picked up 276 survivors from the merchant St. Essylt, which was torpedoed by U-375 off of Algeria.

On 6 August 1941 he took command of in the 6th U-boat Flotilla. He sank 15 ships whilst in U-404, including a Royal Navy destroyer (), and damaged 2 other ships. He received the Knight's Cross on 20 October 1942, and in April, 1943, the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves for the assumed sinking of . On 1 September 1943 he was reassigned as commander of the 23rd U-boat Flotilla based in Danzig.

SM UB-45 was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 26 May 1916 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl Palis.The 31-year- old Palis had been in the Navy's April 1904 cadet class with 20 other future U-boat captains, including Wilhelm Canaris. For Palis information, see: For cadet crew information, see: UB-45, Palis' second U-boat command, Palis had previously commanded . was assigned to the Navy's Pola Flotilla ().

U-333 sailed from La Pallice once more on 1 September 1942, and headed south to the coast of West Africa, joining wolfpack 'Iltis' between 6–23 September. On 6 October the U-boat engaged the British about south-west of Freetown, Sierra Leone. Crocus detected U-333 by radar, and closed at high speed. The U-boat was rammed twice, and exchanged gunfire at close range before submerging, while the corvette dropped depth charges.

Despite this, U-boat operations and allied counter- measures continued until the final German surrender on 8 May. The last U-boat destroyed, and the last Allied ships sunk, were in the actions of 7/8 May 1945. Of the four British aircrew lost in Operation Judgement, Lt. Hugh Morrison from Wairarapa, New Zealand, Senior Pilot of 882 Squadron, is buried in Narvik New Cemetery.Narvik Cemetery. Militaryphotos.net. Retrieved on 2011-05-27.

The effort earned the Germans about two more months of relative freedom, until the RAF modified their tactics. When a pilot saw that a U-boat was going to fight on the surface, he held off attacking and called in reinforcements. When several aircraft had arrived, they all attacked at once. If the U-boat dived, surface vessels were called to the scene to scour the area with sonar and drop depth charges.

HMS Dianthus remained in the area and tried one last sweep and spotted U-379 again on the surface in the darkness attempting to slink away. She fired off a spread of depth charges forcing the now submerged U-boat to the surface. Dianthus opened up with all her guns and prepared to ram, catching the U-boat a glancing blow forward of the conning tower. U-379 finally sank after being rammed four times.

On this patrol before the coast of Newfoundland, U-552 sank three ships, the British Dayrose on 15 January, the US Frances Salman and the Greek Maro on 18 January. On 28 January 1942, Brandi was stationed at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg, for familiarization with , a Type VIIC U-boat. On 9 April 1942, Brandi commissioned U-617 in Kiel and completed various trainings with this boat in the 5th U-boat Flotilla.

Blair Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942 2000, p. 655. U-704 carried out a further four operational patrols under the command of Kessler from Saint Nazaire and La Pallice, sinking no further ships. U-704 did fire four torpedoes at the troopship Queen Elizabeth on 9 November 1942, with Kessler claiming a hit, although Queen Elizabeth was undamaged.Blair Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942–1945 2000, p. 107.

Blair, (1996). Hitler's U-boat War, page 338. The rescued 13 survivors (eight from Clonlara, five from Alva). Eight merchant ships, two naval escorts and over 400 lives were lost.

Tests indicated a 30 percent hit rate. However, just one hit was lethal to a U-boat. Though effective against U-boats, the later DCs were favoured.Hendrie 2006, p.58.

The boat's service life began with training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla from June 1943. She was then transferred to the 11th flotilla for operations on 1 January 1944.

After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, she moved to the 3rd flotilla for front-line service in March 1942. She was reassigned to the 11th flotilla in July.

Her ballast was given extra buoyancy which meant three 'eels' (U-boat slang for torpedoes), were needed to dispose of the vessel, which still took over an hour to sink.

March 20, 1942 : A new system of BX and XB convoys is initiated between Halifax and Boston, to counter the U-boat campaign along the east coast of the USA.

In July, Raccoon was ordered to aid convoy QS 15, which had come under attack by a U-boat. The armed yacht was directed to round up the dispersed convoy.

U-178 was scuttled on 25 August 1944 at Bordeaux, as she was not deemed seaworthy enough to escape the Allied advance. The U-boat was broken up in 1947.

117 he had managed to convince Bethmann-Hollweg by falsely promising him that U-boat commanders could distinguish between enemy and neutral steamers, and thus avoid provoking the United States.

The OT was not given an official name until Hitler did so soon after coming to power during 1933.Showell, Jak P. Mallmann. Hitler's U-boat bases. Sutton Publishing, 2002.

Some of these ports were major U-boat bases as well, and had bomb-proof concrete submarine pens built. These fortifications had been surviving Allied air strikes for some time.

On the return leg, U-205 successfully attacked the British light cruiser on 16 June 1942, guarding convoy MW-11. The U-boat docked in La Spezia on 23 June.

The unit received its first casualties when the SS Tuscania (1914) was sunk by a German U-boat. Brigadier General William G. Haan led the unit when it arrived in France.

Willner served as a U-Boat commander during the Second World War, joining the Kriegsmarine in 1938. He served until with the Kriegsmarine until the end of the Second World War.

He temporarily cancelled all U-boat operations against convoys in the Atlantic.Roskill, p. 351-354 By early 1944, there were finally enough escort carriers available to include them with Arctic convoys.

96–99, p. 105–106Mulligan (1999), p.196-213 Some U-boat commanders, such as Wilhelm Schulz of and Karl-Friedrich Merten of , were recognized for several humanitarian acts.Elphick (1999), p.

Hans Rose was one of the most successful and highly decorated German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine during . He sank 79 ships for a total of during the war.

These are bombs that are dropped into the water around the U-boat. The hydraulic shockwave produced by the explosion would seriously damage if not sink any submarine within 10 meters.

Early reports were unsure what caused the explosion with speculation pointing to a mine or torpedo, however it was determined to have been struck by a torpedo from German U-boat .

Kriegsmarine U-boat commander Günther Prien Conning tower art of U-47. This image was later used as the emblem for the entire 7th U-boat Flotilla SS Arandora Star lost 2 July 1940 Following a lavish celebration in Berlin for the sinking of HMS Royal Oak in which the crew members of U-47 were received by Adolf Hitler and decorated, the boat returned to sea on 16 November 1939. Once the U-boat had left Kiel on 16 November, she headed out into the North Sea. After traveling around the British Isles into the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, U-47 sank a further three vessels, Navasota on 5 December, the Norwegian steamer MV Britta on 6 December and Tajandoen on 7 December.

In 1943 interest in the concept was revived with the advent of the V-1 flying bomb; proposals were made to mount a V-1 and launcher on a U-boat in order to strike targets at a much greater range than the 150 mile (251 km) radius from land-based sites. This proposal foundered on inter-service rivalry, however, as the V-1 was an Air Force (Luftwaffe) project. In 1943 also, consideration was given to firing the V-2 rocket from a U-boat, with particular thought to hitting targets in the United States. As the V-2 was too large to be mounted on any U-boat then in service, a 500-ton submersible vessel for transport and launching was designed.

The revised approach saw Dönitz micromanaging the operations at sea from his headquarters in occupied France, relying on the supposedly unbreakable Enigma code to transmit and receive orders and co-ordinate movements. U-boat movements were controlled by U-boat Command (BdU) from Kerneval. Accordingly, U-boats usually patrolled separately, often strung out in co-ordinated lines across likely convoy routes to engage individual merchants and small vulnerable destroyers, being ordered to congregate only after one located a convoy and alerted the BdU, so a Rudel (pack) consisted of as many U-boats as could reach the scene of the attack. With the exception of the orders given by the BdU, U-boat commanders could attack as they saw fit.

Under Lüth's command she sailed on two long combat patrols in late 1942 and 1943, patrolling the waters off South Africa and Mozambique and sinking 22 ships for a total of 103,712 tons, making Lüth the second most successful U-boat commander of the war (after Otto Kretschmer) and earning him promotion to Korvettenkapitän and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. He went on to command the 22nd U-boat Flotilla. On 1 November 1943 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Kurt Freiwald and part of the 12th U-boat Flotilla. U-181 sailed from her base in Bordeaux, France to Penang, Malaya (now Malaysia) in mid–1944, sinking four ships totalling 24,869 tons.

After U-Boat commander's training at Pillau, in September 1941 Timm took command of the new Type VIIC U-boat . After training missions in the Baltic Sea, the U-251 was assigned to the 11th U-boat Flotilla, which was based at Bergen, Norway, in April 1942. Timm next commanded nine war patrols into the Arctic Sea, on the prowl against the arctic convoys of World War II to the northern seaports of the Soviet Union. There, the U-251 sank two merchant ships: The first one, on 3 May 1942, was the 6,135 ton British merchant ship SS Jutland of Convoy PQ-15, while the second, in July 1942, was the American cargo ship from the ill-fated Convoy PQ 17.

Following the defeats of May 1943, and the devastating losses incurred by the U-boat Arm (U-Bootwaffe) (UBW) Adm Dönitz had withdrawn from attacks on the North Atlantic route while awaiting tactical and technical improvements. By September 1943 these were ready, and U-boat Control (Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote)(BdU) had re-opened the offensive in the North Atlantic. After several disastrous convoy battles, which had cost the U-boat Arm 32 U-boats destroyed for little gain (three escorts and two merchant ships sunk, and several others damaged) BdU had again withdrawn from the North Atlantic battleground. As had happened after Black May he again switched the focus of the campaign to the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic routes, reasoning these would be softer targets.

Captain Cain continued ahead at full speed until when within 30 yards the U-boat fired a torpedo which narrowly missed the vessel; a few seconds later the U-boat was struck by the port paddle wheel of the Mona's Queen. Although it was widely regarded that SM UC-26 was sunk by the ramming, it subsequently transpired that although damaged by the action the U-boat was still able to remain on station and subsequently continued its mine laying sortie, resulting in the sinking of the French naval trawler Noella the following day. During the action the Mona's Queen had sustained significant damage, resulting in her starboard paddle box being almost submerged. With only one paddle wheel working, Capt.

Such a degree of skepticism may or may not have occurred. In support of Das Boot on this subject, U-boat historian Michael Gannon maintains that the U-boat navy was one of the least pro-Nazi branches of the German armed forces. Both the novel and the film had a much darker ending than in reality, where the U-boat returns to port only to be destroyed during an air raid with many of her crew killed or wounded. In reality, U-96 survived the war unscathed with the majority of her senior officers surviving as well, but much like its on-screen fate, it actually was sunk by Allied bombers at its berth in Wilhelmshaven in March 1945.

Wilhelm Dommes (16 April 1907 in Berent District, West Prussia – 23 January 1990 in Hannover) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He is notable as being the commander of U-boats in the Indian Ocean, whereby German and Japanese forces fought together in the only time in the war. He was the first commander of the U-boat base, in the former British seaplane base in Penang,Hildebrand H. & Henriot E., Deutschlands Admirale 1849-1945, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück (1989) where he served as head of the Southeast Asia U-boat region.

Neumann was in the Navy's April 1907 cadet class with 34 other future U-boat captains, including Werner Fürbringer, Heino von Heimburg, Hans Howaldt, Otto Steinbrinck, and Ralph Wenninger. See: In his U-boat career, Neumann sank over 100,000 tons of shipping, but none at the helm of UB-6. In July, Neumann was succeeded by Oberleutnant zur See Karsten von Heydebreck, a 26-year-old, first-time U-boat captain, who was Voigt's classmate in April 1908 cadet class. Near the end of April 1916, Admiral Reinhardt Scheer, the newest commander-in-chief of the German High Seas Fleet, called off the merchant shipping offensive and ordered all boats at sea to return, and all boats in port to remain there.

Hadley writes that Kurowski heavily relies on already published materials, such as in his work Knights of the Seven Seas. Subtitled Chronicle of Sacrifice, the book recycles U-boat mythology, such as the "27,082 dead who bravely faced the opponent" (an allusion to the "senseless sacrifice" of the men of the U-boat arm by the German high command). Hadley notes that "much of the data is correct: names, places, ships sunk and medals won", but the accounts are "a mix of facts and fancy" that hue closely to Nazi-era hagiographic accounts about German U-boat commanders. Former soldiers interviewed by Kurowski for his books noted that their accounts, as published, contained considerable distortion and embellishments and in many instances non-existent.

Souvenir Press Sebag-Montefiore states that they either leapt from Petard or, in Brown's case, from a whaler. They retrieved the U-boat's Enigma key setting sheets with all current settings for the U-boat Enigma network. Two German crew members, rescued from the sea, watched this material being loaded into Petards whaler but were dissuaded from interfering by an armed guard. Grazier and Fasson were inside the U-boat, attempting to get out, when it foundered; both drowned.

All her crew survived the attack, abandoned ship, and rowed away. From their lifeboat they saw the U-boat come alongside her and assumed a German boarding party went aboard Lanthorn. The U-boat then left the area and half an hour later Lanthorn suffered an explosion amidships, which her crew assumed was caused by charges planted by the Germans to scuttle her. Vessels from Whitby rescued the crew, found Lanthorn still afloat and took her in tow.

The resulting attack damaged several buildings and killed four civilians. To the surprise of the German U-boat company, as they did not see Orion, Orion's company responded with its 3-inch gun and engaged in a gun duel with the U-boat for about twelve minutes. Neither vessel hit the other, but U-155 eventually withdrew from the action. The Portuguese government later awarded Orion's company the Order of the Tower and Sword in thanks.

U-505 was assigned as an operational boat to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 1 February 1942, following training exercises with the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 26 August 1941 to 31 January 1942. She began her first patrol from Kiel on 19 January while still formally undergoing training. For 16 days, she circumnavigated the British Isles and docked at Lorient in occupied France on 3 February. She engaged no enemy vessels and was not attacked.

U-766 was launched in Wilhelmshaven on 29 May 1943, and was commissioned on 30 July 1943 under the command Oberleutnant zur See Hans- Dietrich Wilke. She was part of the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training until 29 February 1944, when she was transferred to the frontline in the 6th U-boat flotilla. She sailed five uneventful patrols. She was de-commissioned at La Rochelle on 24 August 1944, and was surrendered on 8 May 1945.

Surrendered German U-boats moored outside the Dora 1 bunker in Trondheim, Norway, May 1945 A submarine pen (U-Boot-Bunker in German) is a type of submarine base that acts as a bunker to protect submarines from air attack. The term is generally applied to submarine bases constructed during World War II, particularly in Germany and its occupied countries, which were also known as U-boat pens (after the phrase "U-boat" to refer to German submarines).

The U-Boat pens at La Rochelle Construction of the U-boat base at La Pallice, 1942 Only separate La Rochelle and La Pallice so they are usually considered as one port. An unnamed bunker was built at La Pallice (); it was started in April 1941. Similar building techniques to those used in St. Nazaire were employed. Due to the relative ease of construction, the main structure was ready for its first U-boats six months later.

The submarine noted the lack of warning, and sent the warning to U-boat command. However, Operation Enclose, 20–28 March 1943 achieved revenge. During this period, 41 U-boats passed through the Bay, with 26 sightings and 15 attacks. Only was sunk, by a No. 172 Squadron Wellington. Operation Enclose II, on 6 to 13 April, sighted 11 and attacked four of the 25 submarines passing through, sinking one U-boat; U-376, sunk by No. 172 Squadron.

Upon closing on the light, the destroyer escort discovered a surfaced U-boat, , which had been at sea for 50 days. When the submarine began to run, Vance hailed the erstwhile enemy in German by bullhorn, ordering them to heave to. Vance placed a prize crew on board the U-boat who sailed it to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on 16 May. Vance then underwent alterations to its antiaircraft armament and soon got underway for the Pacific.

After 20 minutes of shelling, Prize appeared to the Germans to be sinking. The U-boat approached her port quarter, whereupon Sanders ordered the White Ensign hoisted and Prize opened fire. Within a few minutes the submarine had received severe damage to her conning tower, with several crew members blown into the water. After moving away, the U-boat disappeared from sight in mist, and was believed by the crew of Prize to have been sunk.

Kessler did not receive adequate support, despite the optimisim of their meeting. On 5 June, Sperrle informed the naval command that the rescue of sunk U-boat crews was to take precedence over aerial reconnaissance of convoys. Making matters worse, the Luftwaffe did nothing effective to counter RAF Coastal Command's Bay of Biscay offensive against U-boat transit routes. From the Allied perspective, the Atlantic campaign became nothing more than a "skirmish" by the autumn, 1943.

All but two of the 68 crew, along with 24 armed guards and 31 US passengers abandoned ship in four lifeboats and were later rescued. After sinking the Dutch ship the U-boat was pursued and attacked by the United States destroyer , but escaped. The next day, 8 July, U-759 was spotted and attacked by a United States Navy scout aircraft. Allied surface ships attacked for seven hours, but the U-boat evaded them and escaped unharmed.

The Pola Flotilla had a maximum strength of 33 U–boats. Due to the favourable conditions for commerce raiding in the Mediterranean, they caused a disproportionately large number of Allied losses during the U-boat campaign. 3.6 million tons of the 14 million tons lost by the Allies were sunk in the Mediterranean. Eight of the IGNs top dozen U-boat aces served in the Pola flotilla, including Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière and Waldemar Kophamel.

Nereus was lost at sea sometime after 10 December 1941 while steaming from St. Thomas in the Virgin Islands (along the same route where her sister ship had disappeared) with ore destined to make aluminum for Allied aircraft. Nereus was presumed sunk after being torpedoed by a German U-boat. However, there are no German U-boat claims for this vessel.Uboat.net forum The wreckage has never been located nor the actual cause of her disappearance determined.

However, Lott gave Thomason a bottle of gin in return with his compliments. No provisions or the fish caught were taken from the Alvis by the Germans. The reason the U-Boat commander did not sink the Alvis was that, in his opinion, the 13-man crew would never make it back to shore in their lifeboat. The Alvis returned unharmed to her homeport of Fleetwood, but that same day the U-Boat commander found 3 other Fleetwood vessels.

On 4 December 1942, Unseen departed Gibraltar for Malta. Due to the severe shortage of supplies in Malta, she sailed with a "dummy deck" underfoot throughout the submarine which was composed of provisions. Her instructions en route to Malta were not to attack anything unless vital. She sighted a U-boat, U-561, at night en route and was preparing to attack when the U-boat saw her and escaped. Unseen arrived in Malta on 13 December.

A search for the U-boat found nothing. That afternoon the two submarines detached from the convoy in an attempt to strike at the shadowing U-boats, which were travelling on the surface to maintain speed. In poor weather detected and fired four torpedoes at her, but the U-boat was warned by a premature explosion and escaped.Smith p183 That night the convoy was attacked again; Silver Sword was sunk by , and the destroyer was torpedoed by .

SM UB-46 was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 12 June 1916 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Cäsar Bauer.The 27-year-old Bauer had been in the Navy's April 1904 cadet class with 20 other future U-boat captains, including Wilhelm Canaris. For Bauer information, see: For cadet crew information, see: UB-46, Bauer's third U-boat command, Bauer had previously been in command of and . was assigned to the Navy's Pola Flotilla ().

When U-521 was almost ready to return to her base, she was met by a supply U-boat from which she transferred oil and provisions. Bargsten stated that other U-boats were present, including U-569. U-521 returned to Lorient on 26 March 1943 after having been at sea for 79 days. Schütze had been replaced by Korvettenkapitän Ernst Kals of the 1924 naval term as Commanding Officer of the 2nd U-boat Flotilla.

Having left St. Nazaire on 21 March 1942, U-85 sank the Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen off the coast of New Jersey on 10 April. U-85 was herself sunk with all hands on 14 April off the United States coast near Cape Hatteras by gunfire from the US destroyer . She was the first German U-boat loss of "Operation Drumbeat" (Paukenschlag), Germany's U-boat offensive off the eastern seaboard of the United States in 1942.

She again closed, but was overtaken by an approaching seaplane, which bombed the U-boat as it quickly submerged. When the pilot became aware of who Penshurst was he landed, and agreed to spot for her while she dropped depth charges. However, on take-off the seaplane went out of control and crashed into the sea. As Penshurst stopped to pick up the crew, the U-boat, thinking it was safe, came to the surface again to attack.

A short refit was conducted at Deutsche Werke in October and November. On 15 February 1941, she was reclassified as a training cruiser and assigned to the Fleet Training Squadron, along with the other surviving light cruisers. These ships were tasked with training the crews for the U-boat arm, which was expanding rapidly to wage the Battle of the Atlantic. At the start of this period, many of her crewmen were themselves transferred to the U-boat fleet.

When a U-boat was sighted, the tow line and communication line was slipped and the submarine would attack the U-boat. Operating with the trawler Taranaki, C24 sank in the North Sea off Eyemouth on 23 June 1915. The tactic was partly successful, but later was abandoned after the loss of two C-class submarines, in both cases with the loss of their entire crews. HMS C24 was sold on 29 May 1921 in Sunderland.

Hit by three torpedoes, she sank within ten minutes. The U-boat picked up two survivors to identify the ship, who turned out to be Italian merchant sailors. Mindful of the Laconia Order issued two months previously, Gysae radioed the BdU (U-boat headquarters) and was ordered to continue his patrol while they notified the Portuguese authorities, who sent the frigate to help. The frigate rescued only 194 survivors. From the 1,052 aboard, 858 were lost, including 650 Italians.

The next month Black Swan escorted convoys in support of Operation Torch. On 2 April 1943, when escorting Convoy OS 45, from Liverpool to Freetown, Black Swan and the sank the top-scoring U-boat off the coast of Portugal.Blair 2000, p. 207. In 1943 Black Swan for a short time saw action near Iceland to provide escort against the U-Boat threat, after which she served in the Mediterranean, on Malta and Adriatic convoy protection duties.

Germany had lost only nine submarines in the first three months of the campaign. On 1 February, near Gironde, a U-boat surfaced near the Romanian merchant București, the latter being armed with two 120 mm guns. A short artillery duel ensued, between the merchant's aft gun (manned by officer Ciocaș Mihail) and the submarine's deck gun. Eventually, a shell from the merchant's gun fell 50 meters away from the submarine, prompting the U-boat to submerge and retreat.

The southern port of Bergen was captured by the Germans on 9 April 1940, on the first day of the invasion. The Germans immediately saw the potential for several Norwegian harbours and ports to function as bases of operation for the Kriegsmarine's U-boats patrolling the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean. It would become the home of the 11th U-boat Flotilla. Bergen was the first Norwegian port to be established as a U-boat base.

On the first and final patrol, U-715 was spotted north-east of Faeroe on 13 June 1944 by Canso T of No. 162 Squadron RCAF and attacked with depth charges while snorkeling at periscope depth. Heavily damaged, the U-boat surfaced and returned fire, managing to down the Canadian aircraft before sinking in position . This was the first occasion when a submerged U-boat was detected and attacked. Of the crew of 52, only 16 survived.

Arrayed against them in the North Atlantic were three U-boat patrol lines, Wildfang, Burggraf and Neuland, although in the event only a re-configured Neuland, comprising 13 U-boats, engaged HX 228. In early March the U-boat rakes came into contact with Convoy SC 121, which was several days ahead of HX 228, and engaged it. The Admiralty diverted HX 228 north-east to avoid the conflict and thus straight into the Neuland patrol area.

After sonar contact is re-established, the submarine tries to slip under Greyhound, but Krause maneuvers Greyhound above the U-boat and fires a full pattern of depth charges, resulting in his first kill. The crew's jubilation is cut short as they soon receive reports of distress rockets at the rear of the convoy. A Greek merchant ship was attacked and is sinking. Krause moves Greyhound to assist, evading torpedoes fired by another U-boat in the process.

A series of uneventful convoys followed, as the U-boat Arm withdrew from the North Atlantic after 'Black May', while Gretton lobbied for a chance for B7 to operate as a Support Group.Gretton p. 163 In October 1943 this was given, as the German U-boat Arm launched its autumn offensive. B7 was involved in the battles for convoys ONS 20 and ON 206, ON 207 and ON 208, during which period nine U-boats were destroyed.

Raimund Weisbach (16 September 1886 - 16 June 1970) was an officer of the Kaiserliche Marine, and a U-boat commander during the First World War. He was the torpedo officer on the German U-boat, the , who saw to the preparation and firing of the torpedo that sank the on 7 May 1915. He went on to become a successful commander, sinking 36 ships before being captured when his submarine was sunk by the Royal Navy.

On 10 March 1945, U-681 grounded off Scilly, damaging the pressure hull and propellers. Unable to dive, Werner Gebauer, the commander of the U-boat, headed for the Irish coast, hoping for internment by Irish authorities. However, the next morning PB4Y-1 Liberator N of VPB-103 spotted U-681 on the surface and went in for the attack. Eight depth charges further damaged the U-boat, and Gebauer ordered the crew to abandon ship.

Early in 1945, she was temporarily assigned to Portsmouth and Plymouth commands. New Glasgows gunners loading a QF 4-inch Mk XIX gun off British Columbia, circa 1944 On 20 March 1945, New Glasgow was responsible for the loss of the last U-boat by an RCN warship during the Second World War. On that day she was operating off Londonderry Port, Northern Ireland when the snorkel of a U-boat was observed near the ship's bow.

U-854 was ordered in June 1941 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1060. Her keel was laid down on 29 September 1942 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 5 April 1943. She was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Horst Weiher (Crew 36) in 4th U-boat Flotilla. While training in the Baltic Sea, U-854 rescued survivors of on 9 September 1943 and brought them to Hel.

Transferred to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla, U-842 left Kiel on 14 September 1943 for Bergen where she arrived three days later. On 5 October 1943. U-842 set out for operations in the North Atlantic, where she joined operations against convoy ONS 20. The U-boat escaped an attack by one of the escorts, on 17 October unscathed, joining group Siegfried operating against convoy HX 262 on 23 October, and group Siegfried 3 on 26 October.

In January 1943 Merten became the commander of the 26th U-boat Flotilla and in March 1943, Merten was given command of the 24th U-boat Flotilla. In February 1945, he was posted to the posted to the Führer Headquarters in Berlin. At the end of the war, he was taken prisoner of war by US forces and released again in late June 1945. After the war, Merten worked in salvaging sunken ships in the Rhine river.

On 24 January 1941, Merten was stationed at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser shipyard in Bremen, for familiarization with . U-68 was a Type IXC U-boat, designed as a large ocean- going submarine for sustained operations far from the home support facilities. Merten commissioned U-68 on 11 February 1941 into the 2nd U-boat Flotilla. He took U-68 on five war patrols, patrolling in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Indian Ocean.

A submarine-towed launch platform was tested successfully, making it the prototype for submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The project codename was Prüfstand XII ("Test stand XII"), sometimes called the rocket U-boat. If deployed, it would have allowed a U-boat to launch V-2 missiles against United States cities, though only with considerable effort (and limited effect). Hitler, in July 1944 and Speer, in January 1945, made speeches alluding to the scheme,Article in San Diego Times c.

An extraordinary incident occurred when a Coastal Command Hudson of 209 Squadron captured U-570 on 27 August 1941 about south of Iceland. Squadron Leader J. Thompson sighted the U-boat on the surface, immediately dived at his target, and released four depth charges as the submarine crash dived. The U-boat surfaced again, a number of crewmen appeared on deck, and Thompson engaged them with his aircraft's guns. The crewmen returned to the conning tower while under fire.

The wreckage lies at 50.55°N 04.49°W, which is located off the west UK coast. It lies in about of water which makes it difficult for all but the most experienced diver to explore. During the Second World War, the wreckage was often mistaken by British sonar for a German U-boat. To confirm that a U-Boat was not just hiding on the sea bed, Allied ships would drop depth charges, called opening the "tin can".

A Game of Birds and Wolves, chpt. 11: "If the U-boats were firing from outside the perimeter of the convoy, how had Annavore, which was in the centre of the convoy, been sunk? Might it be possible, he wondered, that the U-boat had attacked the ship from inside the columns of the convoy?" Roberts and his team tested various ways by which a U-boat might sneak into a convoy, sink a ship, and escape undetected.

Joachim Schepke (8 March 1912 – 17 March 1941) was a German U-boat commander during World War II. He was the seventh recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. It was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Joachim Schepke. Schepke is credited with having sunk 36 Allied ships. During his career, he gained notoriety among fellow U-boat commanders for exaggerating the tonnage of ships sunk.

Operation Judgement was an operation carried out at the end of the Second World War by the Home Fleet of the British Royal Navy in North Norway on 4 May 1945. A force of 44 Fleet Air Arm aircraft of the attacked a U-boat base south of the town and port of Harstad. The attack was directed at vessels in the natural harbour at Kilbotn. It lasted seven minutes and left two ships and a U-boat sunk.

The passengers and crew, with the exception of the captain who decided to remain on board whatever the German decision, duly left the ship in the lifeboats. There they were forced to wait all night while the German U-boat awaited a reply to its request. By dawn an answer had arrived from Admiral Karl Dönitz, who refused permission to sink the ship. The U-boat then departed the area and the lifeboats returned to the ship.

The "divine principle of war as a duty" and a "natural event" is a hallmark of such works, Wilking concludes. It also features pictures of sinking ships and U-boat militaria. In 1957, military historian Jürgen Rohwer began a critical examination of the data published on the sunken tonnage claimed by Nazi U-boat commanders. Afterwards, Kurowski was among the authors who held on to the details of the Nazi propaganda regardless of Rohwer's research results.

Zapp was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 April 1942. In June 1942 he was posted ashore to become commander of 3rd U-boat Flotilla, based at La Rochelle, France. On 1 January 1945 he was promoted to Fregattenkapitän. In the last three months of the war, he became commander of Marine-Regiment Zapp and defended the U-boat base at La Rochelle until the very end of the war in May 1945.

Their guns were concealed, when a U-boat approached, a "panic party" would abandon the ship, while the gun crews waited for their target to come into range. The expectation was that the U-boat would approach the apparently abandoned ship and would be surprised and sunk when the guns were revealed and opened fire. Great successes were claimed and medals awarded. In April 1916 the Mary B. was requisitioned for service as a Q-ship.

José Botelho de Carvalho Araújo (18 May 1881 – 14 October 1918) was a Portuguese Navy officer and colonial administrator who died in action against a German U-boat in World War I.

U-367 sank after striking a mine on 16 March 1945 which had been laid by the three days previously. Forty-three men died in the U-boat; there were no survivors.

U-82 conducted three patrols whilst serving with the 3rd U-boat Flotilla from 14 May 1941 to 6 February 1942 when she was sunk. She was a member of four wolfpacks.

She fired at what her crew thought was a destroyer west of Ireland on 14 February 1944. Retaliation was swift; the Third Support Group caused severe damage, but the U-boat escaped.

She was involved in three major convoy battles: In October 1940 Hibiscus was part of the escort for HX 79, which was attacked by a U-boat pack, losing 12 ships sunk.

No one was ever prosecuted for these events. If speculation is accurate, these fires would be among the few successful Axis attacks on North America aside from U-boat attacks on shipping.

The next night, aircraft from the task group caught on the surface, in broad moonlight, and sank her with one survivor, a lookout caught on-deck when the U-boat crash dived.

On learning that the U-boat was to surrender, the two Japanese passengers committed suicide by taking an overdose of Luminal, a barbiturate sedative and antiepileptic drug. They were buried at sea.

"Secure" was sounded at 10:20 a.m., and Ossipee and the danger zone escort vessels that had been searching for the enemy U-boat proceeded at full speed to rejoin the convoy.

The next day another aircraft attacked the U-boat without success, but early on 4 May a bomb hit from a Wellington, 'M' of 407 Squadron RCAF, sunk U-846 in position .

The initial trial was successful and a collapsible schnorchel forward of the bridge was envisaged for Type VIIC boats.Eberhard Rossler. The U-Boat: The Evolution and Technical History of German Submarines. Cassell.

This allowed the codebreakers to break TRITON, a feat credited to Alan Turing. By December 1942, Enigma decrypts were again disclosing U-boat patrol positions, and shipping losses declined dramatically once more.

The Loran Training Unit was formed at Mullaghmore flying Wellingtons on 5 October 1944 but was disbanded on 20 April 1945 to become the Coastal Command Anti U-Boat Devices School RAF.

Part of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, U-202 conducted nine patrols in the North Atlantic, the last three under the command of Kptlt. Günter Poser; she was a member of ten wolfpacks.

While at Gotenhafen (Gdynia, Poland) in December 1944 the U-boat was again damaged by bombing. Struck from the active list at Kiel on 2 April 1945, she was broken up in 1947.

On 29 November 1943 German U-boat U-86 was sunk east of the Azores, in position 40°52'N, 18°54'W, by depth charges from the British destroyers HMS Tumult and .

The U-boat left La Spezia on 16 February 1943 and headed southwest. She was sunk with all hands on 23 February northwest of Algiers by depth charges from the escort destroyers , and .

With only 50 yards to go, Connor orders the pilot to 'buzz' the inflatable dinghies, delaying Schlüter's craft, and with the MTB arriving, the U-boat dives, leaving Schlüter and three comrades stranded.

He received the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 23 September 1942, followed by the U-boat War Badge with Diamonds in October. He was promoted to Korvettenkapitän on 1 November 1943.

He finds the ship and narrowly escapes disaster. A German U-boat, missing since 1945, is destroyed. Pitt dives on it and recovers the body of a female officer. The skulls are examined.

On 16 June HMS Hermione was sunk by the U-boat U-205. On 23 January 1943 Euryalus, in company with HMS Cleopatra and the destroyers , and bombarded German-Italian forces at Zuara.

Eberhard Godt (15 August 1900 – 13 September 1995) was a German naval officer who served in both World War I and World War II, eventually rising to command the Kriegsmarines U-boat operations.

Born in Grunewald, Berlin, Oesten joined the Reichsmarine in April 1933. After serving aboard the cruisers and he transferred to the U-boat arm in May 1937, and was appointed watch officer of .

In March 1918, U-Boat torpedoed Celtic in the Irish Sea. Six people on board were killed, but again Celtic remained afloat. Eventually the damaged vessel was towed to Liverpool and repaired again.

Klaus Ewerth (28 March 1907 – 20 December 1943) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. He reached the rank of Kapitän zur See with the Kriegsmarine during World War II.

As the U-boat departed the area, the rafts were secured together and steered toward the Azores. Fifteen hours later, they were rescued by the Portuguese destroyer Lima and landed at Ponta Delgada.

Damage to the U-boat was slight, but the Fortress was hit and only just managed to return to its base. The submarine docked at St. Nazaire in occupied France on 6 March.

Following the United States declaration of war on Germany (1917), the Haitian government protested against the heavy German U-boat submarine activity in the area, and officially declared war on July 12, 1918.

He has told me of this suspected U-Boat attack on their ship. Everyone onboard had a job to do defending the ship. His was to "man" the .50 Caliber machinegun on deck.

The same replica of U-96 was used in Steven Spielberg's 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, but has the number U-26, which in reality was a Type IA U-boat.

A narrator explains how the 49th parallel forms "the only undefended frontier in the world" between Canada and the United States. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, U-37, a German U-boat, has just sunk a Canadian freighter. It evades the RCN and RCAF patrols by moving to Hudson Bay. A raiding party of six is put ashore to obtain food and fuel at a Hudson's Bay Company trading post, but the U-boat is soon sunk by RCAF bombers.

Because of the dominance of the British and French navies, only limited fighting took place in the seas around Europe. The German U-Boat fleet tried to sink British merchant ships, with some success early in the war. German U-Boats had only moderate cruising range in this war and operated mostly in the North Sea, the Irish Sea and in the Mediterranean. The German U-Boat threat was drastically reduced when the British finally adopted a convoy system in early 1917.

On one occasion carried 2,400 sick and wounded back to the UK: more than twice the number she had was equipped to carry. At 5:05 on 1 February 1915 a German U-boat fired a torpedo that struck Asturias but failed to detonate. A month later Germany released a press statement claiming that Asturias was misidentified and that once the U-boat crew realized their mistake it broke off the attack.< In the spring of 1916 HM King George V visited Asturias.

The captain ordered the U-boat to rise to periscope depth. Unknown to U-353, this was the destroyer , about two miles ahead of Convoy SC 104, which had gained a firm Asdic (sonar) contact, and increased speed to 15 knots to intercept the U-boat. Suddenly there was a series of ear-splitting explosions, as Fame dropped a pattern of 10 depth charges. The lights in U-353 went out and water entered forward and aft through the hydrophone shafts.

U-221 left St. Nazaire for the last time on 20 September 1943. On the 27th she was attacked by a Handley Page Halifax of No. 58 Squadron RAF with eight depth charges southwest of Ireland. The U-boat was seen to sink by the stern but the aircraft was also hit, forcing the pilot to ditch about three miles from the encounter. Two gunners from the Halifax were lost; the U-boat was sunk with all hands (50 men).

On 11 March 1940 U-31 was sunk in the Schillig Roads near buoy 12 () by four bombs from a Bristol Blenheim, O of No. 82 Squadron RAF, with the loss of 58 lives. The U-boat had been on trials and carried eleven workers from the shipyard and two assistants to the flotilla engineer in addition to her regular complement. The U-boat was raised later that month, repaired and returned to service on 30 July 1940 with Kptlt. Prellberg in command.

Several hits were scored, and the enemy U-boat went under only to be met with another depth charge barrage. Large oil slicks and debris resulted, proving the destruction of the German U-boat. The only survivor of the 52 men aboard, Captain Klaus Bargsten, was rescued by PC-565 and his testimony substantiated PC-565's victory. Departing New York on 25 March 1944, PC-565 sailed to England where she joined the amphibious forces in preparation for the D-Day landings.

Pelican was sold as a supply ship on 22 January 1901 to the Hudson's Bay Company for use as a northern supply ship. During World War I, Pelican was delivering supplies to Russia when she was engaged by a surfaced U-boat. The fight lasted one-and-a-half hours, but eventually, the U-boat was driven off. In 1922, the ship was no longer considered serviceable and was sold as scrap to Fraim Bannikhin of St. John's for $1,500.

Günter Kuhnke (7 September 1912 – 11 October 1990) was a Korvettenkapitän with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and later a Konteradmiral with the Bundesmarine. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (). He commanded the , and , sinking eleven ships on nine patrols, for a total of of Allied shipping plus the special service vessel HMS Prunella. He commanded 10th U-boat Flotilla from January 1942 until October 1944, then 33rd U-boat Flotilla until May 1945.

Helmut Rosenbaum (11 May 1913 – 10 May 1944) was a Korvettenkapitän (LT Commander) in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II who commanded U-boat , and the 30th U-boat Flotilla. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He is credited with the sinking of six ships for a total of and three warships. Born in Döbeln, Rosenbaum joined the Reichsmarine (navy of the Weimar Republic) in 1932.

15 U-boats served in the Constantinople Flotilla; 7 were lost operationally: 5 in the Black Sea and 2 in the Mediterranean. One U-boat was sold to Bulgaria. Two more U-boats were assigned to the Flotilla but were lost en route to Constantinople. In 1917 the force was amalgamated with the Pola Flotilla, coming under the command of the U-Boat Leader, Mediterranean (Führer der U-boote im Mittelmeer) there; the unit was renamed the Constantinople Half-Flotilla (U-Halbflotille Konstantinopel).

U-280 served with 8th U-boat Flotilla while training, and transferred to 3rd U-boat Flotilla on 1 August 1943 for front-line service. On 12 October 1943 U-280 sailed from Kiel on her first and only war patrol. On 16 November she was attacked by a British Liberator aircraft of No. 86 Squadron RAF near Convoy HX 265, in position , south-west of Iceland. The first attack missed and the aircraft was hit by flak, knocking out one engine.

Bargsten subsequently realised that the U-boat could not have descended to the depths called off by the Engineer Officer without becoming heavy by the bow or the stern, whereas she had kept an even keel throughout. Upon breaking the surface, Bargsten went to the bridge to make a topside estimate of the situation. PC-565 was about distant when the U-boat appeared. The patrol craft fired about 55 rounds with her 20 mm gun, scoring several hits on the conning tower.

To finish the U-boat off, the patrol boat launched two more depth charges, which were set to explode at 250 feet. A few minutes later, a dark stain was observed on the surface of the water. A spurt of a black and viscous substance, smelling like gasoline came, up from the deep. Although there was little doubt that the U-boat had been sunk, Delgado was ordered to take a sample of the contaminated seawater to confirm the victory.

Before diving the U-boat shot at, and holed the aircraft's radiator, which was temporary fixed by one of the crew climbing onto the wing and plugging the hole with a handkerchief! The flying boat dropped two bombs and onshore observers witnessed the submarine's stern rising out of the water at an angle of 60° before she sank. Subsequent research suggests that the U-boat may have survived the attack. The crew of the Curtiss Type 12 were later decorated.

Between 10 September and 14 September eleven merchant ships and one destroyer were lost. En route from Londonderry Port to Gibraltar on 4 March 1943 with convoy KMS 10, she assisted the corvette in the sinking of some off the Iberian coast. With the addition of air escort to convoy defense in 1943, U-boat tolls in the North Atlantic diminished and many of the boats were withdrawn during the summer. In the fall, however, Germany began a new U-boat offensive.

Others wrote to The Times offering to supplement Hoult's offer. On 10 March, a further £105 was pledged. On 12 March, the idea was criticised by the ship-owner Lord Inverclyde, who pointed out that ramming a u-boat endangered the ship and invalidated its insurance. The offer was further increased on the same day by an offer of £100 per U-boat from the French owners of Perrier mineral water, and by 24 March the total had reached £2,000 per submarine.

One month later, Inglefield, along with her sister- ships and , sank U-boat off the southwest coast of Ireland. She again came under attack from German U-boats when fired numerous torpedoes at her; they all missed. A few days after that last attack, she was required to tow the submarine back to Stavanger, after she was damaged while on patrol in the North Sea. She sank another German U-boat, , in early 1940 with the help of and ; 24 Germans were rescued.

U-70 was launched on 20 July 1915. On 22 September, SM U-70 was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy under the command of Kapitänleutnant Otto Wünsche.Wünsche was in the Navy's April 1902 cadet class with 29 other future U-boat captains, including Gustav Sieß, Max Valentiner, and Hans Walther. See: U-70 was the second U-boat command for the 30-year-old officer; he had commanded from August 1914 until a week before assignment to U-70.

General Zahl is a former Nazi U-boat captain who tangled from time to time with the Doom Patrol, originally as "Captain Zahl". As a U-boat captain, Zahl was ruthless and effective, achieving the highest kill number of any commander in the German fleet. After the fall of the Nazis, Captain Zahl worked as a mercenary, until a conflict with the Doom Patrol forced him into retirement. Due to the conflict, he was forced to wear a neck and back brace.

Fowey spent August and September escorting convoys in the Western Approaches. She put to sea with the corvette HMS Bluebell on 16 October to come to the aid of Convoy SC 7 which was under heavy U-boat attack. They joined the sole escort, the sloop HMS Scarborough, and on 18 October they were further reinforced by the sloop HMS Leith and the corvette HMS Heartsease. Despite these measures, 17 of the 35 ships of the convoy were lost to U-boat attacks.

On board he showed incredible skill and boldness and on training manoeuvres he sank several ships with drill torpedoes without ever being sighted. His performance literally changed the German vision of U-boat warfare. On March 22, 1914, Valentiner was promoted to Kapitänleutnant and nine days later he became a teacher at the U-boat school in Kiel, a position he held until the outbreak of World War I on August 4, 1914, when the United Kingdom declared war on the German Empire.

With spotting assistance from Greyhound, a PBY Catalina bomber lines up on the last visible U-boat with depth charges, sinking it instantly. The remaining three subs are assumed to have slipped away. While assessing damage, Krause receives radio contact from the head of the relief escorts, HMS Diamond, that his relief has arrived and Greyhound is due for repair and refitting in Derry alongside his two surviving companion vessels. The crew receives a "job well done" on their four U-boat kills.

In April 1933, Würdemann joined the Reichsmarine, which became the Kriegsmarine two years later. During the first year of the war he served on the destroyer Paul Jacobi, before transferring to the U-boat force in November 1940. After the usual training he served for one patrol aboard under Wolfgang Lüth, before commissioning the Type IXC U-boat in September 1941. He sailed on 5 war patrols, sank 15 merchant ships for a total of and damaged 3 ships of a combined .

HX.112 had lost six ships totalling 50,000 tons. However, the loss of two of the Kriegsmarine's U-boat aces, one of which was the highest scoring submarine commander of the Second World War, was a severe blow to the Kriegsmarine offensive. The defence of HX.112, coupled with the successful defence of Convoy OB 293 and the loss of U-boat ace Günther Prien along with his sub the previous week, marked a minor turning point in the Atlantic campaign.

One aircraft dropped six depth charges, but was hit by AA fire on the port wing, which caught fire, and the aircraft crashed into the sea, killing five crewmen. Only the pilot survived, and was passed closely by the U-boat twice while in his dinghy. He was picked up by the destroyer the next morning. The attacks on the U-boat continued for several hours, and were augmented by the arrival of a Catalina flying boat from No. 202 Squadron RAF.

Meanwhile, on the night of 7th/8th, at about 1am on the 8th, Wolverine sighted a U-boat on the surface which she identified as U-47. She and Verity attacked, and after 4 hours, which had shown evidence of damage, the U-boat was driven to the surface within yards of Wolverine, before diving again. The destroyer sent down a pattern of depth charges and was rewarded with an underwater explosion, marked by an orange glow, and flames that broke the surface.

U-515s keel was laid down on 8 May 1941 at Deutsche Werft in Hamburg, Germany. She was launched on 2 December 1941, commissioned on 21 February 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Werner Henke, and attached to the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training. During this period, U-515 conducted listening tests in early May, torpedo firing tests, and in early July tactical exercises with other U-boats. U-515 served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla until 31 August 1942.

Before and after D-Day (6 June 1944), Macintyre, Bickerton and the 5th Escort Group were part of the RN's contribution to the invasion of France by patrolling in the relatively shallow waters of the Western Approaches. On the 15th, the group were investigating the sighting of a U-boat using its snorkel. HMS Mourne, a ship well known to Mcintyre, was the victim of an acoustic torpedo. After several hours of searching, there was no sign of the U-boat.

Das Boot: German U-Boat Simulation is a submarine simulator game designed by Paul Butler & Rick Banks and published in 1990 for Amiga and MS-DOS systems by Three-Sixty Pacific. It was inspired by the book of the same name. The player takes command of a German Type VII U-Boat and plays missions against the Allies which involve combat against aircraft, anti-submarine warships, and other submarines. The game was touted to feature 256 VGA Color, 3D Views, and historical realism.

Herbert Wohlfarth began his naval career in April 1933. After the usual training that he spent more than a year on the cruiser . In May 1937, he joined the U-boat force, and like many of the later successful commanders received a solid pre-war training under Karl Dönitz. After some months as aide-de-camp in the 3rd U-boat Flotilla, in September 1938, he became watch officer on . On 19 October 1939 Oberleutnant zur See Wohlfarth took command of .

Although the Battle of the Atlantic continued to the last day of the war, the U-boat arm was unable to stem the tide of personnel and supplies, paving the way for Operation Torch, Operation Husky, and ultimately, D-Day. Winston Churchill wrote the U-boat "peril" was the only thing to ever give him cause to doubt eventual Allied victory. By the end of the war, almost 3,000 Allied ships (175 warships, 2,825 merchantmen) were sunk by U-boats.

Since another U-boat, was operating at the same time in the vicinity, it is not clear, which ships were attacked U-879 or the other U-boat, which is missing. The US tanker Atlantic States was probably hit and damaged on 5 April 1945, while the Belgian steamer Belgian Airman and the US tanker Swiftscout may have been sunk by U-879 on 14 and 18 April respectively. The Norwegian tanker Katy might have been hit and damaged on 23 April.

The Q-ship caught on fire and started to list slightly. Lieutenant Commander Hicks apparently decided that the only way to lure the U-boat within range of his guns was by ordering a lifeboat to be lowered on the starboard side. The trick worked so when U-123 was maneuvering to starboard, around Atiks stern, she opened fire with all of her weapons, including depth charges. The first shots fell short of the U-boat and the others deflected.

U-58 was initially assigned to the 5th U-boat Flotilla during her training period, until 31 December 1939, when she was re-assigned to the 1st U-boat Flotilla for a front-line combat role. U-58 carried out twelve war patrols, sinking seven ships for a total . U-58, along with , were both used for testing a new flooding valve schnorchel head during August 1943, that Deutsche Werke had constructed in June. For the test the schnorchel replaced the aft periscope.

The crew worked through the night to install Kurt and repair their U-boat. They finished just 28 hours after dropping anchor and, after confirming the station was working, U-537 departed. The weather station functioned for only a month before it permanently failed under mysterious circumstances, possibly because its radio transmissions were jammed. The U-boat undertook a combat patrol in the area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, during which she survived three attacks by Canadian aircraft, but sank no ships.

Adolf Cornelius Piening (16 September 1910 – 15 May 1984) was a Kapitänleutnant with the Kriegsmarine during World War II. He commanded the Type IXC U-boat , sinking twenty-six ships on nine patrols, for a total of of Allied shipping, to become the nineteenth highest scoring U-Boat ace of World War II, and receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

He ordered an increase in speed at to prevent being torpedoed, not knowing that the U-boat was equipped with T5 torpedoes, for which he would have needed to increase speed at . Abelia was hit and lost her rudder, and the U-boat escaped. Stuart next commanded the , during which time he played a key role in sinking two U-boats. On 27 March 1945 was sunk near the Hebrides by depth charges from Fitzroy and her sister ships and .

Gunter Jahn (27 September 1910 – 12 April 1992) was German U-boat commander during World War II. He was born in Hamburg, Germany and began his naval career in April 1931 as a Seekadett. He first served on the light cruiser Nürnberg for more than two years, including nine patrols in the first year of the war. In March 1941 Jahn joined the U-boat force and his first patrol were on board in September 1941. Later in November he commissioned .

The deck gun became less effective as convoys became larger and better equipped, and merchant ships were armed. Surfacing also became dangerous in the vicinity of a convoy because of improvements in radar and direction finding. (See Defensively equipped merchant ships (DEMS) and United States Navy Armed Guard). German U-boat deck guns were eventually removed on the order of the supreme commander of the U-boat Arm (BdU) during World War II, and those deck guns that remained were no longer manned.

Brussels was used on the Harwich – Hook of Holland route. During the First World War, her captain, Fryatt, was twice recognised for his actions. On 3 March 1915, he evaded a German U-boat for which he was awarded a gold watch by the Great Eastern Railway. On 28 March 1915, Brussels was ordered to stop by U-33 when she was near the Maas Lightship, but Fryatt attempted to ram the U-boat, which was forced to crash dive.

According to historian Michael L. Hadley, > Literature of World War II heightened the features that earlier cults of the > hero [of the German U-boat arm] had promoted. This was the era of the "grey > wolves" and "steel sharks", when wolf packs, officially designated by such > predatory names "robber baron" and "bludgeon", attacked the Allies' convoys. > Widespread popularization of the U-boat aces, of their images and deeds > propagated the cult of the personality which even today finds resonance in > the popular market.

Captain Abel-Smith had decided to shadow the convoy from a distance believing this would provide them with greater opportunities to engage shadowing U-boats. Two Swordfish were kept at immediate readiness to take off and engage any submarine sightings. On 23 April, one of the patrolling Swordfish sighted a U-boat on the surface but it had dived before they got into an attacking position. That same afternoon, another U-boat was sighted by the convoy; they signalled Biter, which was away.

Three Type XXI U-boats and one Type VII U-boat moored at Bergen, Norway (May 1945). The Type XXI in the middle is U-2511 and were the only Type XXIs used for war patrols, and neither sank any ships. The commander of U-2511 claimed the U-boat had a British cruiser in her sights on 4 May when news of the German cease-fire was received. He further claimed she made a practice attack before leaving the scene undetected.

To identify his rendezvous point with the Germans, they crack the remaining code, referring to the room they were previously imprisoned in at Longkeep Castle, and discover "39 steps" written in the notebook by Scudder using invisible ink. At the Castle, Hannay and Victoria find 39 steps leading to a loch. A shoot-out ensues, and a German U-boat surfaces in the loch. Fisher, the Germans and Sir George fail to get to the U-boat before it submerges, and surrender.

Following the attack, the sloop arrived on the scene and forced U-96 under water with gun fire. The U-boat escaped the barrage of 27 depth charges unscathed. The next day, U-96 encountered two more of the escorts, and , but managed to escape again. The U-boat spent November patrolling the North Atlantic as part of groups Störtebecker and Benecke, until secretly entering the neutral port of Vigo, Spain, and being resupplied by the interned German on 27 November.

Typical reports of convoy actions by these craft include numerous instances of U-boat detection near a convoy, followed by brief engagements using guns or depth charges and a rapid return to station as another U-boat took advantage of the initial skirmish to attack the unguarded convoy. Continuous actions of this kind against a numerically superior U-boat pack demanded considerable seamanship skills from all concerned, and were very wearing on the crews. Free French Memorial on Lyle Hill in Greenock, looking out to the west of the Tail of the Bank anchorage, has a plaque commemorating the loss of the corvettes Alyssa and Mimosa. Thirty-six ships in the class were lost during World War II, many due to enemy action, some to collision with Allied warships and merchant ships.

One famous U-boat that operated off Wexford's coasts was , commanded by Walther Schwieger (d. 1917). On 6 May 1915 it torpedoed and sunk SS Centurion off the south Wexford coast, but Schwieger allowed the 44-man crew to escape to safety. Later that same day he also sunk SS Candidate, but its crew was rescued by a friendly ship. The next day, this same U-boat infamously torpedoed and sunk , a large passenger liner, off the Old Head of Kinsale, Co. Cork, killing 1,198 of the 1,959 people on board – including many Americans, which partially influenced their entry into the War.Furlong and Hayes, p. 85. The was torpedoed and sunk by a different U-boat 17 March 1917 off the south Wexford coast, with the loss of 55 persons.See: SS Antony.

Amberger ordered the ballast tanks blown and the submarine slowly rose to the surface, stabilizing on the surface with her bow pointing down. The submarines' four officers and 35 men evacuated U-58 and surrendered to Fanning at 16:28, but not before opening the sea valves to allow the U-boat to sink. One of U-58s crewmen drowned before reaching Fanning, while another died of a heart attack after he was brought aboard the destroyer. An official account of the sinking was released to the press on 29 December, and Fanning and Nicholson shared credit for what The Washington Post in a contemporary news account called the "first U-Boat prize of the U.S." during the war; later works still credit the pair of destroyers with the US Navy's first U-Boat kill.

Hutchins reported later: The survivors were observed firing Very star-shells: Bories crew believed this to be a distress signal, and maneuvered in an attempt to recover them from their rubber rafts, as they approached to 50-60 yards off the port bow. But as it turned out, the Germans were signalling another surfaced U-boat, which answered with a star-shell of her own. A Borie lookout reported a torpedo passing close by from that U-boat, Borie had no choice but to protect herself by sailing away. She was forced to sail through U-405s rafts as she turned away from the other U-boat, but the men on the rafts were observed firing another Very flare as Borie steamed away in a radical zigzag pattern.

The passengers aboard Robert E. Lee were primarily survivors of previous torpedo attacks by German U-boats. The wreck's precise location was discovered during the C & C Marine survey that located the U-166. The German submarine U-166 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on December 6, 1940 at the Seebeckwerft (part of Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Deschimag) at Wesermünde (modern Bremerhaven) as yard number 705, launched on November 1, 1941 and commissioned on March 23, 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Günther Kuhlmann. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla, U-166 was transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on June 1, 1942.

In the late-1990s, a firm applied to the British Ministry of Defence for salvage rights to the Operation Deadlight U-boats, planning to raise up to a hundred of them. Because the U-boats were constructed in the pre-atomic age, the wrecks contain metals that are not radioactively tainted, and are therefore valuable for certain research purposes. The ministry awarded no salvage rights, due to objections from Russia and the U.S., and potentially from Great Britain. Between 2001 and 2003, nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney discovered and surveyed fourteen of the U-boat wrecks; including the rare Type XXI U-boat U-2506, once under the command of Horst von Schroeter; the successful Type IXC U-boat, commanded by Adolf Piening and the U-778, which was the most promising salvage.

The telegram from the Admiralty to Mrs Olive Grazier, Bletchley Park Museum On the night of 30 October 1942 an enemy submarine was reported north of Port Said. The destroyers , , , , and were ordered to proceed from Alexandria to relieve who had been searching for the submarine (which was German U-boat ). HMS Petard, assisted by Wellesley aircraft of No. 47 Squadron, located the u-boat and attacked with depth charges for nearly ten hours and finally forced the stricken boat to the surface at around 22:40. The U-boat was caught in Petards search-lights, and the German crew, with Kapitänleutnant (Captain) Hans Heidtmann, were taken on board under guard, but not before they had opened seavalves and petcocks in order to scuttle the submarine before abandoning it.

Coastal Command was able to have the radar switched to the ASG, which they operated under the name ASV Mark V. The TRE was sure the Germans would soon detect Mark III and render it ineffective as well, so they responded with a new ASV Mark VI that was essentially a more- powerful Mark III. The key trick to Mark VI was the "Vixen" device that allowed the operator to progressively mute the output as they approached the U-boat, hopefully fooling the radio operator into believing they were flying away. Mark VI never fully replaced Mark III in service, as truly effective detectors did not become available until the U-boat fleet had largely been destroyed. The failure of Naxos and later devices led to morale problems in the U-boat force.

The DC could be dropped at speeds of and was very accurate. It became the standard weapon.Hendrie 2006, p. 86. Along with Ultra breakthroughs, ASV also helped contain the U-boat threat in 1941.

On 11 August 1942 she sank the aircraft carrier during Operation Pedestal (supplying Malta).Blair 1996 p. 650 Rosenbaum was awarded the Knight's Cross and sent to command the Black Sea U-boat flotilla.

Astrid steals a grenade and uses it to destroy the U-boat and the heavy water, killing herself and Weber in the process. It is left unclear whether Solveig survived the explosion or not.

Mk. III was estimated to detect a U-boat from the side at , improving to for Mk. VI and as low as for Mk. VII. The range against end-on targets was , and , respectively.

U-77 torpedoed the sloop on 12 November 1942 but was attacked by the corvettes and the following day northeast of Algiers. The slightly damaged U-boat returned to La Spezia on 5 December.

U-1054 was used as a Training ship in the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 25 March 1944 to 16 September 1944, she was fitted with a Schnorchel underwater-breathing apparatus in March 1944.

In July she was transferred to the 21st U-boat Flotilla in Kiel as a training boat, with whom she remained for the rest of the war. U-21 was scrapped in February 1945.

She began her service life in the 5th U-boat Flotilla, a training organization, between 25 February 1942 and 30 September of the same year, before moving on to the 7th flotilla for operations.

119, 178–179. . She sank quickly and eight lives were lost. A large search force was sent out to deal with the U-boat however they were not successful in finding it.German, Tony (1990).

The rendezvous was kept by the German U-boat instead, which torpedoed and sank E20, killing all but nine of the crew. The situation at Gallipoli was complicated by Bulgaria joining the Central Powers.

On 1 October 1942, 3./NJG 1 was redesignated 1./NJG 5. In March and April 1943, General Josef Kammhuber ordered IV./NJG 5 to Rennes, France to protect the German U-boat bases.

This was a rather bold attack, given that the ship was being escorted by a Sunderland flying boat, a well known U-boat killer. The merchant vessel sank in less than a minute at .

His team proceeded to Pelzerhaken, near Denmark, where many of the scientists uprooted by allied bombings had been based. Here the team found research into infra red detection, radar systems and U-boat signature masking.

Harper, p. 60. That whaler, under the command of Sub-Lieutenant Connell, went alongside the U-boat in the darkness.Harper, p. 60 When Brown was asked what conditions were like below, he replied:Harper, p. 61.

The U-boat had already sunk two sister Hunt-class destroyers, and that month. The captain of Wainwright, Commander Strohbehn, noted in his account that "it was a pleasure" to work with the British Warship.

The Action of 17 November 1917 was a naval battle of the First World War. The action was fought between a German U-boat and two United States Navy destroyers in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Sir Charles Rodger Noel Winn, CB, OBE (22 December 1903 – 4 June 1972) was a British judge and Royal Navy intelligence officer who led the tracking of German U-boat operations during World War II.

U-10 was one of the first batch of submarines to be assigned to an operational unit of the Kriegsmarine, serving with the 1st U-boat Flotilla, at the time known as the Weddigen Flotilla.

The Last U-Boat () is a 1992 German television film directed by Frank Beyer, starring Ulrich Mühe and Ulrich Tukur. The film is loosely based on the true story of the German submarine U-234.

Helgason, Guðmundur. WWI U-boats: U 66, WWI U-boats: U 67, WWI U-boats: U 68, WWI U-boats: U 69, WWI U-boats: U 70. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net.

The Action of 5 September 1918 was a naval battle off the coast of France in the North Atlantic during World War I. The action was fought between a German U-boat and American warships.

Helgason, Guðmundur. WWI U-boats: U 66, WWI U-boats: U 67, WWI U-boats: U 68, WWI U-boats: U 69, WWI U-boats: U 70. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net.

Holland, James:.Dam Busters Bantam Press, 2012 In March and April 1945, as the war in Europe was ending, Lancasters dropped Grand Slams and Tallboys on U-boat pens and railway viaducts across north Germany.

In August 1943, a German U-boat sank the Soviet research ship Akademic Shokalskiy near Mys Sporyy Navolok but the Soviet Navy, now on the offensive, destroyed the German submarine U-639 near Mys Zhelaniya.

It also was the only flotilla to field the Type XXI U-boat for operational use, but the war ended before saw action. The Flotilla was disbanded on 9 May 1945 with the German surrender.

She served with 3rd U-boat Flotilla from 24 May 1941 to 23 May 1943 under the command of Karl-Ernst Schroeter. U-752 completed nine wartime patrols and sank eight ships and damaged one.

Hans-Gerrit von Stockhausen commanding U-65 attacked a group of British destroyers, but the torpedoes missed or failed to arm. The U-boat subsequently suffered moderate damage when the same destroyers depth charged her.

Shadow Divers (published in 2004) is a non-fictional book by Robert Kurson recounting of the discovery of a World War II German U-boat off the coast of New Jersey, United States in 1991.

The U-boat departed Lorient for the last time on 10 March 1943. On the 13 March 1943, she was sunk by depth charges from northwest of Cape Finisterre, Spain. 57 men (all hands) died.

She carried out 14 patrols during World War II, operating as part of the 'Norwegian Section' of the 9th Submarine Flotilla at Dundee. On 19 April 1944, under CO Lt Valvatne RNoN, south east of Løten on the western Boknafjorden, near Stavanger, Norway, the submarine fired a salvo of four torpedoes. The target was the German Type VIIc U-boat at about range. One torpedo hit its target just behind the conning tower and the U-boat was blown in two and sunk, though eight crew survived.

Having been transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla, she left Flensburg again for Königsberg on 5 January 1945, arriving there on the 10th. The U-boat experienced technical problems in the end of January 1945 and had to be towed into Stettin. From there she travelled under tow of to Wesermünde, where she was decommissioned on 15 April 1945. Most of her crew was ordered to form a tank destroyer unit in Neustadt in Holstein under the command of the 1st watch officer.

U-324 served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training, and subsequently with the 11th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service from 15 March to 8 May 1945. U-324 did not, however, complete any patrols. The boat departed in company with on 22 March 1945 but aborted the patrol due to engine trouble and returned to port. Still under repair at the cessation of hostilities, she surrendered at Bergen, Norway on 8 May 1945 and was broken up in March 1947.

The Action in Tarrafal Bay (or Tarafal BayBlair, Clay, Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol I (1996). ) was a naval engagement which took place during the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. It was notable in that the four vessels involved were all submarines. The Naval Intelligence Division had solved a message intercepted from U-boat U-111 that was returning to France, concerning a rendezvous with U-67 and U-68 in the Bay of Tarrafal on the island of Santo Antão.

Operation Kiebitz, a plan to have Otto Kretschmer, Horst Elfe, Hans Ey and Hans Joachim Knebel-Döberitz escape and be picked up by a U-boat, was developed in 1942 and was to be executed in September 1943. Knebel-Döberitz was the former adjutant of Admiral Karl Dönitz. The successful escape of Kretschmer, a top U-boat ace, would be a major propaganda coup for the Germans. However, their escape plan was foiled, but Heyda made an escape via electric wires over a barbed wire fence.

U-953s second Atlantic patrol from 2 October to 17 November 1943 was uneventful, but her next, which began on 26 December 1943 and took her to the waters off North Africa, was. On 11 January 1944 the U-boat fired a T-5 homing torpedo at a corvette, missed, and was then hunted for the next 13 hours by escort ships equipped with depth charges and hedgehogs. About 4 February the U-boat approached Convoy ON 222, but was attacked by an unknown Allied aircraft.

After sea trials and commissioning in November 1945 Loch Arkaig sailed to the Clyde in December for modifications to stiffen her hull. In January 1946 the ship carried out Squid anti-submarine mortar and radio direction finding calibration, before joining the Flotilla at Derry to take part in "Operation Deadlight". She sank the U-boat on 16 February, and on 19 February with her Squid mortar and Shark 4-inch projectiles. U-3514 was the last U-boat to be sunk in "Operation Deadlight".

U-boat flotillas and regions also did not maintain flagships on a particular U-boat, but instead operated from an established shore headquarters. In January 1943, Dönitz succeeded Erich Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of the German Navy. In his new position, Dönitz channeled most of the remaining resources of the Kriegsmarine into the submarine force, leading to a neglect and downsizing of the surface fleet. Dönitz also retained his title as commander of submarines, but left the day- to-day operations to his deputy Eberhard Godt.

After scanning the area, Farr spotted the U-boat cruising beneath the surface of the waves. Unable to accurately determine the depth of the vessel, Haggins and Ferr radioed the situation back to base and followed the enemy in hopes that it would rise to periscope depth. For three hours, the crew shadowed the submarine. Just as Haggins was about to return to base, the U-boat rose to periscope depth, and Haggins swung the aircraft around, aligned with the submarine and dove to .

U-468 departed La Pallice for the mid-Atlantic on 19 April 1943, but had no successes. At 08:35 on 22 May the U-boat came under attack by a Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bomber of Squadron VC-9 flying from the escort carrier . Barely an hour later another aircraft from the same squadron attacked and the U-boat was damaged. At 15:57, U-468 was attacked for a third time by an aircraft of the Royal Navy's 819 Naval Air Squadron.

He stepped down as commander of U-124 on 7 September 1941, handing over to Johann Mohr. During this time several later successful U-boat captains had served under Schulz, including Mohr, Reinhard Hardegen and Werner Henke. Schulz then took over as commander of 6th U-boat Flotilla, initially based in Danzig, and later in Saint Nazaire. He was promoted to Korvettenkapitän on 1 April 1943, and in October 1943 he was attached to the Staff of the 'FdU Ausbildungsflottillen' (Commander Training flotillas) in Gotenhafen.

After Endrass left the boat on 24 September, U-46 was designated as a training boat with the 26th U-boat Flotilla. She came under a number of commanders: Peter-Ottmar Grau, Konstantin von Puttkamer, Kurt Neubert, Ernst von Witzendorff, Franz Saar, Joachim Knecht and Erich Jewinski, and was moved to the 24th U-boat Flotilla in April 1942. She was decommissioned at Neustadt in October 1943. As the end of the war approached, she was scuttled on 4 May 1945 in Kupfermühlen Bay.

Jürgen Wattenberg (28 December 1900 – 27 September 1995) was a German naval officer and U-boat commander during the Second World War. In a successful career spanning just under a year, he sank 14 ships, a total of . Wattenberg had an eventful war, serving initially aboard the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee during the Battle of the River Plate and up until her scuttling off Montevideo. He was interned in Uruguay but escaped and made his way back to Germany where he joined the U-boat service.

He was the first and only commander of , which he commanded for three war patrols, becoming one of the oldest U-boat commanders of the entire war. He achieved several successes before his U-boat was attacked and sunk by British warships. Taken prisoner once more, Wattenberg was imprisoned in the United States, where he contrived to escape again, spending over a month at large. He was released after the end of the war and settled in Germany, where he died in 1995, aged 94.

The submarine was laid down on 5 October 1942 at the Danziger Werft (yard) at Danzig (now Gdansk), as yard number 131, launched on 22 April 1943 and commissioned on 4 August under an Italian commander. She served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 4 August 1943 and the 21st Flotilla from 1 September. She was reassigned to the 31st Flotilla on 1 February 1945. The U-boat was named S-6 after being acquired by the Italian Navy in exchange for some transport ships.

Later, in September, the Allies, including a NICA detachment, recaptured the Morotai region. On 5 October 1944, based on FRUMEL intelligence, the Free Dutch Forces submarine Zwaardvisch was ordered to intercept the German U-boat U-168. At periscope depth on the morning of 6 October, the Zwaardvisch under the command of Lieutenant Commander H Goosens spotted the U-168 off the northern coast of Java. Well positioned, Goosens ordered a six torpedo spread sinking the German U-boat with the loss of 23 men.

The matter was seemingly settled when a stray lifeboat of Tubantias was examined and torpedo fragments made of bronze were found embedded in it; Germany was the only country that used bronze in its torpedoes. Presented with evidence that it was torpedo no. 2033 which had been assigned to the small, coastal submarine ,Sources almost invariably report the submarine as U-boat 13 or U-13. was the only extant U-boat numbered 13 in March 1916; and had been lost in 1914 and 1915, respectively.

This was nicknamed U-boat Hotel by the British as, during the early part of the war, the majority of prisoners were naval officers rescued from sunken U-boats. There, a "Court of Honour" convened by other German prisoners, including captured U-boat ace Otto Kretschmer, tried Rahmlow, in absentia, and U-570s other officers. Rahmlow and his second-in-command, Bernhard Berndt, were found "guilty of cowardice"; the other two officers were "acquitted". On the night of 18/19 October, Berndt escaped from the camp.

The report stated that Admiralty was not using Enigma to locate U-boat groups. The team believed it was the U-boat wolfpacks themselves, because they had stayed in position, in the same region of the ocean, in the same formation for several days and nights. The lack of movement along with their sending periodic signals back to HQ made them visible and vulnerable to Allied direction finding. The signals from D/F were assumed to be the source, not cryptanalysis of Enigma messages.

On 4 April 1918, the armed transports , and were steaming back to the United States in convoy after having completed a troop transportation voyage to France. At 11:45 in the morning, a German U-boat of unknown designation surfaced and fired torpedoes at Mallory. Lookouts aboard the transport spotted the torpedoes, allowing the ship to successfully evade them. The submarine was sighted by the other American transports; all three ships opened fire with their main guns, and appeared to hit the U-boat as she submerged.

JG 2s first contacts with the USAAF were fought over the U-Boat pens on the French Atlantic coast. 8. Staffel was moved to protect the submarines in their transit routes through the Bay of Biscay from RAF Coastal Command. In October 1942, the US Eighth Air Force began targeting the U-Boat pens. Lorient was targeted on 21 October and the B-17s of the 97th Bombardment Group lost three of their number on this mission while one Fw 190 pilot was killed.

For his achievements, Lüth was given command of a new boat, and on 21 October 1940 Lüth took command of , a long range Type IX U-boat. After twice aborting the first patrol due to mechanical failures, he carried out five patrols with this boat, totaling 204 days at sea, sinking 12 ships adding up to . On 1 January 1941 he was promoted to Kapitänleutnant. Lüth, because of his experience—like many other top commanders—was tasked with training future U-boat commanders, including Erich Würdemann.

The creeping attack used two ships; one to remain stationary and keep in contact, and guide a second ship onto the target. The second approached slowly, in order not to warn the U-boat of its approach, and released its depth charges on a signal from the first. The method required practice to get right, and was expensive of time and resources, but was devastatingly effective. 36 EG, and Walker's next group, 2nd Support Group, were the most successful U-boat killers of the war.

Following the renewal of the U-boat offensive in the Atlantic, convoys on the UK/Gibraltar routes, had again come under attack. German U-boat Control (BdU) had established a patrol line off the coast of Portugal, which had already attacked Allied convoys in October, leading to an inconclusive clash over Convoy SL 138/MKS 28. In order to maximize the protection for convoys on this route the Admiralty and begun to run these in tandem, bringing together the South Atlantic and the Mediterranean routes at Gibraltar.

U-8 was ordered on 20 July 1934, i.e. in violation of the Versailles Treaty, which denied Germany possession of submarines. The U-boat was not laid down until 25 March 1935, and launched on 16 July 1935, within weeks of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, which granted Germany parity with the British Empire in submarines. Commissioned on 5 August 1935 with Kapitänleutnant Harald Grosse in command, U-8 was used as a training boat until 31 March 1945, when the U-boat was decommissioned.

Following the renewal of the U-boat offensive in the Atlantic, convoys on the UK/Gibraltar routes had again come under attack, leading to clashes over Convoy SL 138/MKS 28 and Convoy SL 139/MKS 30. German U-boat Control (BdU) had subsequently re-organized its patrol lines off the coast of Portugal, so as to find and attack the next convoys on this route. As before, the Admiralty were running these in tandem, bringing together the South Atlantic and the Mediterranean routes at Gibraltar.

Hartmann then moved to the BdU as a staff officer, and in November 1940 became commander of the 2nd ULD (U-boat Training Division). A year later he took command of the 27th U-boat Flotilla in Gotenhafen. In November 1942 he took command of the large Type IXD for a patrol to the Indian Ocean lasting 200 days, the third longest patrol ever undertaken, and sank 7 ships totalling . Chief engineer was Johann- Friedrich Wessels who received the Knight's Cross for his services on this patrol.

The list of most successful U-boat commanders contains the top-scoring German U-boat commanders in the two World Wars based on their total tonnage sunk. The tonnage figures (and sometimes the number of ships sunk) is still being debated among historians. This is often due to convoy battles at night when an attacking "wolfpack" fired torpedoes into the convoy and two (sometimes more) commanders claimed the same ship. Although post-war research has clarified most of those claims, some are still in question.

U-1233 was ordered in October 1941 from Deutsche Werft AG in Hamburg-Finkenwerder under the yard number 396. Her keel was laid down on 29 April 1943 and was launched on 23 December 1943. About three months later she was commissioned into service under the command of Korvettenkapitän Hans-Joachim Kuhn (Crew 31) in the 31st U-boat Flotilla. After completing training and work-up for deployment U-1233 was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 November 1944.

The U-boat left Bergen on 18 October 1944 for the first war patrol operating unsuccessfully against Allied shipping in the North Atlantic and off the coast of Canada. After returning to Flensburg on 5 February 1945, Lessing was relieved as commander by Oberleutnant zur See Helmut Winke (Crew X/39). In April 1945 U-1231 left Kiel for the North Atlantic, again operating without success. After the German surrender, Winke took U-1231 to Dundee, from where the U-boat was transferred to Lisahally.

U-1229 was ordered in October 1941 from Deutsche Werft AG Weser in Hamburg-Finkenwerder under the yard number 392. Her keel was laid down on 2 March 1943 and was launched on 22 October 1943. About three months later she was commissioned into service under the command of Korvettenkapitän Arnim Zinke (Crew 31) in the 31st U-boat Flotilla. After completing training and work-up for deployment, U-1229 was transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 August 1944.

On 24 May 1941, the German battleship and the heavy cruiser sank the British battlecruiser and damaged the accompanying battleship , beginning a three-day hunt that would involve nearly a hundred ships. That concentration of ships was a very attractive set of targets; Kentrat was ordered to attack the British forces in this area. In the evening U-74 dived in order to listen for contact and detected another U-boat. She surfaced; a hundred meters away, another U-boat appeared -, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Wohlfarth.

The award was instituted on 15 May 1944 to bring the U-boat force in line with other branches of the German armed forces, all of which had a similar award to recognize valor. There were no specified merits for earning the award; decoration was based on the recommendations of the U-boat commander and subject to approval by Karl Dönitz. Awards were often due to the number of patrols completed or demonstrations of valor in combat. The clasp was worn on the upper left breast.

The Canadian hospital ship was torpedoed by the German submarine SM U-86 on 27 June 1918 in violation of international law. Only 24 of the 258 medical personnel, patients, and crew survived. Survivors reported that the U-boat surfaced and ran down the lifeboats, machine-gunning survivors in the water. The U-boat captain, Helmut Patzig, was charged with war crimes in Germany following the war, but escaped prosecution by going to the Free City of Danzig, beyond the jurisdiction of German courts.

U-855 transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service and left Kiel for operations in the North Atlantic on 22 June 1944, but experienced engine problems which forced her to return to Kiel. The U-boat left Kiel again on 1 July and served as a weather boat in the North Atlantic until September 1944. An attack on an unescorted freighter on 6 September 1944 was not successful. The next day U-855 met with and supplied her with provisions for twelve days.

In April 1941 he took command of , a Type VIIC U-boat. Construction training began at the Blohm & Voss shipbuilding works in Hamburg on 3 March 1941. A month later, on 3 April, U-564 was commissioned into the 1st U-boat Flotilla. Work-up and training was done with AGRU-Front in Hela in the Eastern Baltic Sea.Technische Ausbildungsgruppe für Front U-Boote—technical training group for front-line U-boats Suhren's chief engineer (Leitender Ingenieur) on U-564 was Oberleutnant zur See (Ing.) Ulrich Gabler.

U-175 was commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 5 December 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Bruns. Bruns graduated from the 1931 class and had previously commanded a torpedo boat, T3, which had been sunk by British aircraft in September 1940 near Le Havre. After recovering from his wounds, Bruns served on a training ship before transferring to the U-boat service in early 1941. Upon completion of the U-boat captain's course, Bruns served briefly on , where he was confirmed as suitable for command.

Engelbert Endrass () (2 March 1911 – 21 December 1941) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. He commanded the and the , being credited with sinking 22 ships on ten patrols, for a total of of Allied shipping, to purportedly become the 23rd highest claiming U-boat commander of World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. It was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Endrass.

When the British liberated the area, he was freed. On his next ship, , he helped capture Enigma code fragments which enabled Bletchley Park to decipher the code, again capturing code in 1941, and in the same year was given his first command, . He was mentioned in despatches in 1942, whilst working on after the ship sunk a U-boat, and a Distinguished Service Cross for sinking another U-boat. Stuart-Menteth was entrusted to the Royal Australian Navy in 1949, where he commanded two destroyers.

U-552 returning to St. Nazaire, Koitschka standing left of Topp On 4 December 1940, Topp took command of U-552 and commissioned the U-boat into the 7th U-boat Flotilla. Following sea trials and training, Topp, with Leutnant zur See Siegfried Koitschka as his second watch officer, took U-552 on its first war patrol on 13 February 1941. The patrol which was destined for the North Atlantic west of Ireland began in Kiel. That day, they headed for Brunsbüttel where they stayed one day.

U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009. All four of the sunken ships were smacks—sailing vessels traditionally rigged with red ochre sails—which were stopped, boarded by crewmen from UB-12, and sunk with explosives. The information on the website is extracted from UB-12 similarly sank a pair of smacks off Lowestoft on 4 August,Helgason, Guðmundur. , . U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 March 2009. and another trio from 23 to 25 August.Helgason, Guðmundur.

She remained as part of that unit until June when Swift Current joined Gaspé Force as a convoy escort in the Battle of the St. Lawrence. In September 1943, Swift Current was among the warships deployed as part of the Canadian force to break up Operation Kiebitz, the German plan to breakout prisoner of war U-boat captains from a camp in Canada.Sarty, p. 251 Swift Current was among those sent to intercept the U-boat as it entered Chaleur Bay to rescue the prisoners.

The U-boat approached her port quarter, whereupon Sanders ordered the White Ensign hoisted and First Prize opened fire. Within a few minutes the submarine had received severe damage to her conning tower, with several crew members blown into the water. After moving away, the U-boat disappeared from sight in mist, and was believed by the crew of First Prize to have been sunk. The panic party, still in its boat, collected three survivors, including her captain, and brought them back to First Prize.

HMS Hardy was hit by a torpedo Convoy JW 56B was an Arctic convoy sent from Great Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II. It sailed in late January 1944, reaching the Soviet northern ports at the beginning of February. All ships arrived safely. During the voyage JW 56B was attacked by a German U-boat force; no merchant ships were sunk, though one of the escorts was lost. One attacking U-boat was destroyed in the operation.

During 1941, war correspondent Lothar-Günther Buchheim joined U-96 for her 7th patrol. His orders were to photograph and describe the U-boat in action for propaganda purposes. Over 5,000 photographs, most of them taken by Buchheim, survived the war. From his experiences, he wrote a short story, "Die Eichenlaubfahrt" (The Oak-Leaves Patrol) and a 1973 novel which was to become an international best-seller, Das Boot (The Boat), followed in 1976 by U-Boot- Krieg (U-Boat War), a nonfiction chronicle of the voyage.

Rombaken was the site of several naval battles during the Battle of Narvik in World War II. Ten German destroyers, half the destroyer force of the Kriegsmarine, and one U-Boat were sunk during the battle.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-248 was transferred to the 9th flotilla for front-line service on 1 August 1944. She was reassigned to the 11th flotilla on 1 November.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-245 was transferred to the 3rd flotilla for front-line service on 1 August 1944. She was reassigned to the 33rd flotilla on 1 October.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-244 was transferred to the 9th flotilla for front-line service on 1 August 1944. She was reassigned to the 11th flotilla on 1 November.

Sink the Bismarck! also does not show controversial events after Bismarck sank, including 's quick departure after rescuing only 110 survivors, because the ship suspected that a German U-boat was in the area and withdrew.

A 1935 portrait of Jellicoe by Reginald Grenville Eves. Jellicoe was appointed First Sea Lord in November 1916. His term of office saw Britain brought within danger of starvation by German unrestricted U-Boat warfare.Heathcote, p.

For these two successful antisubmarine operations Greene received the Presidential Unit Citation. The Bogue group was the first of a series of offensive antisubmarine warfare patrols in response to the U-Boat assault in the Atlantic.

The last U-boat to be laid down was U-111, whose construction began on 20 February 1940. By the end of 1940, all Type IXB submarines had been fully constructed and commissioned into the Kriegsmarine.

When she returned to Lorient, Brittany on 6 January 1943 he was landed at Lorient U-boat base and sent to Stalag VIII-B in Upper Silesia, where he remained a prisoner of war until 1945.

On 30 March 1945, U-1167 was sunk at Hamburg-Finkenwerder while in a pontoon dock southeast of the Fink II U-boat pen, located at , during a bomb raid by the US 8th Air Force.

An oft-repeated story is that a broadcast by Bernelle caused a U-boat captain to surrender by informing him that his wife - whom he had not seen for two years - had given birth to twins.

Heino von Heimburg (24 October 1889 – October 1945) was a German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I and served also as Vizeadmiral (vice admiral) in the Kriegsmarine during World War II.

On the first and final war patrol, U-683 was last heard from on 20 February 1945 en route to the assigned patrol area off Cherbourg. The U-boat was declared missing on 3 April 1945.

U-190 suffered no casualties from her crews during her career. An 18 January 2006 article in the Edmonton Journal reported that a team of divers planned to search for U-190 and another U-boat, .

141–142 On 24 March 1918, the German U-boat torpedoed and sank Partenope north of Bizerte, Tunisia.Willmott, p. 426 Iride and Minerva survived the war and were discarded in December 1920 and May 1921, respectively.

On the 10th the First Watch Officer (1WO) Oberleutnant zur See Gert Rentrop was washed overboard. The boat docked at the Lorient U-boat base on the Atlantic coast of German-occupied France on March 27.

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 17 September 1942, followed by active service on 1 May 1943 as part of the 6th Flotilla. In 1 patrol she sank no ships.

After 30 months, the Schürmanns' yacht returned to Brazil. In 2011, the Schürmanns led the expedition that for the first time in Brazilian history a World War II German U-boat was located in its waters.

Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.z.S.) Franz Wäger took command of UB-18 upon commissioning on 11 December 1915. Wäger handed over command to Oblt.z.S. Otto Steinbrinck,Steinbrinck was the most successful of the Flanders U-boat commanders.

The first VIIC boat commissioned was the in 1940. The Type VIIC was an effective fighting machine and was seen almost everywhere U-boats operated, although its range of only 8,500 nautical miles was not as great as that of the larger Type IX (11,000 nautical miles), severely limiting the time it could spend in the far reaches of the western and southern Atlantic without refueling from a tender or U-boat tanker. The VIIC came into service toward the end of the "First Happy Time"U-boat ace Otto Kretchmer took issue with use of the term "Happy Time." He didn't see how the U-boat war could ever be characterized as having a "Happy Time" when losses of U-boats and crews were running at 50%. (See interview on YouTube.) near the beginning of the war and was still the most numerous type in service when Allied anti-submarine efforts finally defeated the U-boat campaign in late 1943 and 1944. Type VIIC differed from the VIIB only in the addition of an active sonar and a few minor mechanical improvements, making it 2 feet longer and 8 tons heavier.

A U-boat shells a merchant ship which has remained afloat after being torpedoed The early phase of the Battle of the Atlantic during which German Navy U-boats enjoyed significant success against the British Royal Navy and its Allies was referred to by U-boat crews as "the Happy Time" ("Die Glückliche Zeit"), and later the First Happy Time, after a second successful period was encountered. It started in July 1940, almost immediately after the Fall of France, which brought the German U-boat fleet closer to the British shipping lanes in the Atlantic. From July 1940 to the end of October, 282 Allied ships were sunk off the north-west approaches to Ireland for a loss of 1,489,795 tons of merchant shipping.Blouet, Brian W. Global Geostrategy: Mackinder and the Defence of the West, p.

This vessel was identified post-war as the German U Boat and was thought to be sunk in the English Channel between Land's End and the Scilly Isles. However, further research following the discovery of a wreck destroyed by an underwater mine at a later time near Poole identified that vessel as U-480, and the U-boat destroyed on 24 February is now thought to be , which was dived and identified by nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney in 2005.wreck site C: U-1208 p11 at Odyssey Marine Exploration Papers 12 (2010) On 26 March, following an attack on BTC 108, Duckworth and 3EG found southwest of the Lizard and destroyed her with a Hedgehog attack. On 29 March following an attack on BTC 111 Duckworth found and attacked a U-boat in Mount's Bay and destroyed it.

Under the pen name Karl Alman, he wrote a hagiography of Wolfgang Lüth, "the most successful U-boat commandant of the Second World War" (according to the subtitle), and many more. In addition to works on individual military men, Kurowski wrote compilations such as Ritter der sieben Meere: Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe (Knights of the Seven Seas: Knight's Cross Winners of the U-boat Arm), published in 1975. The book was published in the U.S. as Knight's Cross Holders of the U-Boat Service by Schiffer Publishing. U.S. based editions also included Luftwaffe Aces published by J.J. Fedorowicz and Panzergrenadier Aces: German Mechanized Infantrymen in World War II, Jump Into Hell: German Paratroopers in World War II, and The Brandenburger Commandos: Germany's Elite Warrior Spies in World War II, published by Stackpole Books in 1997.

At the end of her training, she was formally assigned to the 11th U-boat Flotilla stationed in Norway. She began her first patrol on 13 July 1944, almost a full three years after she was ordered.

See also: U-boats – German Submarine Losses From All Causes During World War One.Furlong and Hayes, p. 87. Here it is incorrectly called U-44, a different U-boat that sunk off Norway later that same month.

Only the Heinkel 115 floatplanes, suitable for torpedo attacks on stragglers and some Ju 87 dive-bombers remained in Norway, along with a few long-range reconnaissance aircraft to observe for the surface and U-boat forces.

The surrendered U-boats numbered into the hundreds and were destroyed in the postwar Operation Deadlight. The U-boat war finally came to an end on 8 May 1945, the date of the German Instrument of Surrender.

Operation Derange soon followed, and Bromet was able to deploy 70 ASV III equipped B-24s, Wellingtons, and Halifaxes. Only one U-boat (U-526 ), was sunk, and it was dispatched by a mine.Terraine 1989, p. 582.

The flotilla trained new U-boat commanders in attack techniques in the Kommandantenschiesslehrgang ("Commanders shooting training course"). The course lasted four weeks and trained 10 to 12 officers each time. The flotilla was disbanded in March 1945.

Leith rescued survivors from three torpedoed merchant ships including and before joining the inbound Convoy HX 79 which had also come under heavy U-boat attack. Leith gathered up three merchant ships and brought them into port.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, she moved to the 1st flotilla for front-line service in December 1942. The boat carried out five patrols, sinking one ship. She was a member of ten wolfpacks.

Niestlé, Axel "German U-boat Losses During World War II: Details of Destruction" (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998) U-857 was considered as a possible identity for the wreck that was ultimately determined to be U-869.

See also: U-boats – German Submarine Losses From All Causes During World War One.Furlong and Hayes, p. 87. Here it is incorrectly called U-44, a different U-boat that sank off Norway later that same month.

Continuous gunfire from the three ships caused the U-boat to sink stern-first, at position . Two explosions, possibly scuttling charges, finished the submarine off. Twenty-three men went down with U-473; there were thirty survivors.

Popeye exits the sub along with the Nazi captain, who salutes and says "Heil Hitler!" Popeye stuffs him back into the U-boat and puffs his tobacco pipe to "V for Victory" before the short irises out.

In February 1937 he transferred to the U-boat Arm and was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (lieutenant) on 1 June 1938. In July he was appointed 2nd Watch Officer of (3 July 1938 – 23 October 1938).

The port gave vital Allied service in the longest running campaign of the Second World War, the Battle of the Atlantic, and saw the surrender of the German U-boat fleet at Lisahally on 8 May 1945.

Macintyre left the Navy after the war, forging a successful career as a historian and author. He published an autobiography, U-Boat Killer, in 1956, and followed it with 15 books on various aspects of naval history.

He remained as FdU West until autumn 1944, when the Allied liberation of France forced the Kriegsmarine to transfer the remaining boats of 2nd and 7th U-boat flotillas to bases in Norway, Denmark, and northern Germany.

Three power cars and two trailer cars have been preserved by the Sydney Electric Train Society. Other U-boat cars have been preserved privately, and many sold to private buyers for a variety of uses after withdrawal.

The British renamed the ship SS Huntley and used her for transporting fuel from Portishead to Boulogne. On 21 December 1915 she was torpedoed and sunk by German U-boat UB-10 off the Boulogne light vessel.

In 1915, Battersby was travelling as a first class passenger on the RMS Lusitania when the ship was sunkJames Johnson Battersby. Merseyside Maritime Museum. Retrieved 14 November 2015. by a torpedo fired from a German U-boat.

U-333 was then subjected to an attack from warships and an aircraft that lasted for eight hours, before making her escape. The U-boat returned to La Pallice on 1 December 1943 having had no success.

U-205 is widely believed to be the submarine with the erroneous number U-307 in Peter Keeble's book Ordeal by Water, in which he describes his dive to recover encrypting equipment from a sunken U-boat.

On her fourth patrol, U-159 sank Silverbeech on 28 March 1943 south of the Canary Islands. The U-boat was attacked by aircraft (she was one of eight), off the coast of Spanish, (now Western) Sahara.

The course of the war illustrated the vulnerability of battleships to cheaper weapons. In September 1914, the U-boat threat to capital ships was demonstrated by successful attacks on British cruisers, including the sinking of three elderly British armoured cruisers by the German submarine in less than an hour. Mines continued to prove a threat when a month later the recently commissioned British super-dreadnought struck one and sank in 1914. By the end of October, British strategy and tactics in the North Sea had changed to reduce the risk of U-boat attack.

On his eight patrols in the Atlantic, the US east coast, and the Caribbean Sea, he sank 19 ships for a total of , and damaged three more (). Mützelburg died on 11 September 1942 in a freak accident. He was swimming in the Atlantic south-west of the Azores, and dove from the conning tower, but struck the deck head-first when the U-boat suddenly lurched in the swell. The supply U-boat arrived the next day with a doctor on board, but too late, and Mützelburg was buried at sea on 12 September 1942.

The destroyer group hunted for the U-boat for 16 hours, constantly depth charging. After dark, U-559, with a cracked pressure hull, unable to maintain level trim and four of her crew dead from explosions and flooding, was forced to the surface. She was close to Petard, which immediately opened fire with her Oerlikon 20 mm cannon. The German crew hurriedly scrambled overboard without destroying their codebooks or Enigma machine and, crucially, having failed to open all the sea- water vents to scuttle the U-boat properly.

Scholtz joined the Reichsmarine in 1927 as member of "Crew 1927" (the incoming class of 1927) and served in torpedo boats, before transferring to the U-boat arm (U-bootwaffe) in April 1940. From October 1940 he commanded U-108, sinking 25 ships on 8 patrols, for a total of 128,190 tons of Allied shipping, including the British armed merchant cruiser . In October 1942 Scholtz formed and took command of 12th U-boat Flotilla based at Bordeaux, France. In August 1944 the approach of Allied troops meant that the base had to be evacuated.

Patzig was born in the historic German port city of Danzig (now Gdańsk) in 1890, and, as Helmut Patzig, joined the German Navy as a 19-year-old cadet in April 1910. At first assigned to surface ships, the young seaman switched to U-boat service in November 1915, by which time World War I had begun. As a submarine watch officer, Patzig was awarded the Iron Cross – First Class in March 1917. He was assigned to his first sea command, the U-boat U-86, in January 1918.

The submarine surfaced on the evening of 16 March only to be attacked by aircraft from the carrier. The U-boat dived and managed to evade the hunters until the early hours of the 17th, when the German skipper erred and sent a radio message. Corry ran down the bearing of the transmission, and she and Bronstein methodically boxed in the U-boat, forcing her to surface. The crew abandoned and scuttled their boat. Bronstein and Breeman were detached on 22 March for special duty in Dakar, where they arrived on the 25th.

After the war Hessler spent over a year in Allied captivity, and testified at the Nuremberg Trials on behalf of the Ubootwaffe and his father-in-law, Großadmiral Karl Dönitz. In 1947 Hessler was commissioned to write The U-Boat War in the Atlantic, a definitive account of the German U-boat offensive, by the British Royal Navy. Assisted by Alfred Hoschatt, the former commander of U-378 and also a staff officer of the BdU, he completed the three volume work in 1951. Hessler died in 1968 aged 58.

U-262 sailed again on 27 March 1943 and headed across the Atlantic to Prince Edward Island to pick up German POWs that were to escape from their camp in Operation Elster. On 15 April, while en route, she was shadowing Convoy HX 233, when the U-boat was attacked by depth charges and gunfire from the convoy escorts, forcing her to break off the attack. The U-boat then completed her mission, but no escaped POWs showed up at the rendezvous. She returned to La Pallice on 25 May.

The captain of one of the ships, the tanker Egyptian Star relays the information that he thinks a submarine has been trailing the ship. The small group of ships becomes the target of Luftwaffe bombers that are chased off by a British fighter launched from one of the escort ships. The submarines below are still the main concern and when the Egyptian Star is torpedoed and sunk, MacClain attacks, sinking a U-boat with depth charges. Another U-boat surfaces and in a running battle badly damages the Donnacona .

Transferred to the 29th U-boat Flotilla on 1 January 1943, U-301 sailed on her third and final patrol on 20 January. The next day at 8:48 in the morning, U-301 was sunk west of Bonifacio, Corsica, in position by torpedoes from the British submarine . According to Sahibs log the U-boat was first spotted proceeding on the surface early that morning at a distance of . Sahib then closed to and into a more favourable position before firing a full salvo of six torpedoes at five second intervals.

After completing training, the U-boat transferred to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla and left Kiel for the West Atlantic on 3 August 1944 for her first and only patrol. Stopping briefly in Bergen, Norway, for replenishment, she operated off the Canadian coast, damaging on 14 October 1944 and the British steamer on 2 November. Magog was towed back to port, but declared a constructive loss and decommissioned. U-1223 arrived back in Kristiansand on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1944, and continued her journey to Flensburg, where she arrived three days later.

U-1222 was ordered in August 1941 from Deutsche Werft in Hamburg-Finkenwerder under the yard number 385. Her keel was laid down on 2 November 1942 and was launched the following year on 6 June 1943. About three months later she was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Heinz Bielfeld (Crew 34) in the 4th U-boat Flotilla. After work-up for deployment, U-1222 transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla and left Kiel for the West Atlantic on 13 April 1944 for her first and only patrol.

On 31 July 1942, Hardegen relinquished command of U-123 and took up duties as an instructor in the 27th U-boat Training Flotilla in Gotenhafen. In March 1943, Kapitänleutnant Hardegen became chief of U-boat training of the torpedo school at Marineschule Mürwik, before taking up a position in the Torpedowaffenamt (torpedo weapon department), where he oversaw testing and development of new acoustic and wired torpedoes.Gannon, p. 408 In his last posting, he served as battalion commander in Marine Infanterie Regiment 6 from February 1945 until the end of the war.

Again under the command of Klingspor, U-293 departed from Narvik on 25 September 1944 and ventured out into the Arctic Ocean. During this 10-day patrol, U-293 again failed to encounter any enemy vessels of any type. On 4 October 1944, U-293 ended her second war patrol by arriving at the port city of Hammerfest, one of the most extreme northern German U-boat bases in Norway. U-293s third patrol proved to be the longest one that the U-boat had undertaken up to that point.

Radio traffic compromised his ciphers by giving the Allies more messages to work with. Furthermore, replies from the boats enabled the Allies to use direction finding (HF/DF, called "Huff-Duff") to locate a U-boat using its radio, track it and attack it. The over-centralised command structure of BdU and its insistence on micro- managing every aspect of U-boat operations with endless signals provided the Allied navies with enormous intelligence. The enormous "paper chase" [cross- referencing of materials] operations pursued by Allied intelligence agencies was not thought possible by BdU.

This decoration, made for the first time to a German submarine officer, later became the customary decoration for successful U-boat commanders. Dönitz was rewarded by promotion from Commodore to Rear-Admiral and was made Flag Officer of U-boats. Prien was nicknamed "The Bull of Scapa Flow" and his crew decorated U-47s conning tower with a snorting bull mascot, later adopted as the emblem of the 7th U-boat Flotilla. He found himself in demand for radio and newspaper interviews, and his 'autobiography' was published the following year, titled .

The destroyers and (who sank six days earlier), had been part of a concerted effort to find and sink the U-Boat that had been attacking trawlers. On 20 September 1939, three torpedoes were fired at the warships, but failed to do any damage when they exploded prematurely. The British vessels replied with a series of depth charge attacks, one of which damaged the German submarine sufficiently to force it to the surface. Fortunes ramming attack was curtailed when it became apparent that the U-Boat was surrendering.

Three Arklow schooners were requisitioned by the Admiralty to be used as Q-ships, they were: Cymric, Gaelic and Mary B Mitchell. They sailed the Southwest Approaches, masquerading as merchantmen, inviting attack by U-boats. Their guns were concealed, when a U-boat approached, a "panic party" would abandon the ship, while the gun crews waited for their target to come into range. The expectation was that the U-boat would approach the apparently abandoned ship and would be surprised and sunk when the guns were revealed and opened fire.

U-626 was assigned to the 5th U-boat Flotilla for basic training, and upon completion was permanently assigned to the 6th U-boat Flotilla. On 8 December 1942, U-626, under the direction of Leutnant zur See (acting sub-lieutenant/ensign) Hans-Botho Bade left Bergen, Norway for her maiden patrol. The along with and were in the middle of escort duties near Iceland, while U-626 was on its first patrol. On 15 December the USCGC Ingham scouted ahead of the other escorts in search of a larger convoy.

On 1 April 1914 he joined the Imperial Navy as a Seekadett. After the outbreak of World War I, von Friedeburg, promoted to the rank of Fähnrich zur See (Officer Aspirant) served on the dreadnought and took part in the 1916 Battle of Jutland against the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet. Elevated to Leutnant zur See, he joined the U-boat forces as naval officer on from June to November 1918. A prominent German naval officer of the post-war period, he was appointed Deputy Commander of the German U-boat fleet in September 1941.

Following his command of U-73 he took command of the 30th U-boat Flotilla on 1 October 1942. At the same time he held the position of Admiralstabsoffizier (Asto—officer of the admiralty staff) in the staff of the Admiral of the Black Sea. Helmut Rosenbaum was killed in an airplane crash on 10 May 1944 near Constanţa in Romania as commander of the 30th U-boat Flotilla. Rosenbaum was posthumously promoted to Korvettenkapitän (LT Commander) on 3 August 1944 with an effective date as of 1 May 1944.

Following training exercises with the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 9 September 1941 to 31 January 1942, U-162 began her first war patrol as the lead boat of the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 1 February 1942. She left her home port of Kiel on 7 February and ventured into the North Sea without stopping in occupied Norway. During 40 days at sea, U-162 sailed north of the British Isles and entered the North Atlantic, where she sank her first vessel, White Crest, on 24 February 1942.

Later Rayner refers to an action on 22–23 May 1941 when, in HMS Verbena, he engaged a U-boat on the surface after it had torpedoed the Dutch tanker Elusa and surfaced to inspect the burning wreck. The U-boat dived. Rayner depth charged a strong asdic contact, saw oil on the surface, lost contact and guided HMS Churchill, with deeper depth charges, to the same target, both ships remaining in the area until dawn on 24 May 1941.Rayner, Escort: The Battle of the Atlantic pp.

This event was dubbed another "Glorious First of June" by Walker.Wemyss p.63 Over a 15-hour period the group found, tracked and destroyed , in the longest hunt of the Atlantic campaign up to that point, On their return to Liverpool, Starling and 2SG were assigned to "Operation Musketry", an attempt, in concert with Coastal Command, to interdict the U-boat transit routes across the Bay of Biscay. On 24 June 1943 the group was successful in destroying two U-boats; Starling destroyed , but was damaged when she rammed the U-boat to dispatch it.

Smacks were used in British coastal waters during World War I as Q ships. Actions involving smacks include the Action of 15 August 1917, when the armed smacks Nelson and Ethel & Millie engaged a German U-boat in the North Sea. During this action the Nelson was sunk and its skipper, Thomas Crisp, was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. Another Lowestoft smack, HM Armed Smack Inverlyon, commanded by Ernest Jehan, sank the German U-boat UB-4 earlier in the war, the only example of a wooden sailing vessel sinking a modern steel submarine.

U-1053 was used as a Training ship in the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 12 February 1944 to 31 October 1944 before serving in the 11th U-boat Flotilla for active service on 1 November 1944. The submarine was fitted with a Schnorchel underwater-breathing apparatus in March 1944. During her active service, U-1053 made 1 patrol. She left Horten on 7 November 1944 and patrolled a large part of the Atlantic Ocean before arriving at Stavanger on 21 January 1945 after a patrol of 76 days.

Penshurst then feigned running, but at half speed, and, as the U-boat opened fire, sent off her boat party. U-84 submerged to examine Penshurst in safety, but was satisfied, surfacing 600 yards away. Penshurst was then able to open fire, damaging the U-boat, and dropping depth charges as she submerged. As she did this, Penshurst was joined by the sloop Alyssum, which joined the attack. However, U-84 was able to surface, away from the two hunters, and fled on the surface, outstripping her two pursuers.

In 1945 he served as Judge Advocate at the war crimes trial in Hamburg of former personnel of the German submarine U-852, the so-called Peleus affair. The U-boat captain, Heinz-Wilhelm Eck, was accused of ordering his crew to open fire on the survivors of a Greek ship, the SS Peleus, which they had just torpedoed and sunk. Eck and two of his junior officers were executed by firing squad; he was the only U-boat commander of the war to be convicted of war crimes committed at sea.

Its career consisted of four patrols, all served while under the 1st U-boat Flotilla where it sank three ships for a total of . Later in the war it served under the 22nd U-boat Flotilla as a training boat, including Oberleutnant zur See Walter Sitek as an instructor. Sitek had previously escaped imprisonment after the disabling and sinking of by in February 1942. He swam to Pico Island in the Azores, made his way through neutral Spain and returned to the Kriegsmarine to serve as an instructor on U-17, , and .

Heartsease spent most of her early career escorting convoys through British waters. On 22 September 1940 she picked up 31 survivors from the Norwegian merchant which had been torpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat west of Ireland. On 15 October she rescued nine survivors from the British merchant which had been sunk by west-north-west of Rockall. She was then called to the assistance of the inbound Convoy SC 7, which had come under attack from a U-boat wolfpack and was sustaining heavy losses.

U-792 did not undertake any combat patrols and was instead assigned as a trials boat at first to the 5th U-boat Flotilla, followed by the 8th U-boat Flotilla, before returning to the 5th flotilla for the rest of the war and was used in March 1945 as a floating fuel bunker. In December 1944, her commander was replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Hans Diederich Duis. The U-792 was scuttled on 4 May 1945 at 01:30 in the Audorfer See (Kaiser Wilhelm Canal), near Rendsburg during Operation Regenbogen.

The Graf Spee was scuttled off Montevideo, Uruguay, in December 1939 by her commanding officer, Kapitän zur See Hans Langsdorff. Wattenberg was interned with the rest of her crew but he escaped and made his way back to Germany, where he arrived in May 1940. He joined the U-boat force in October that year and received command of on 9 September 1941, departing on his first cruise on 7 February 1942. Wattenberg was by this time 41 years old, making him one of the oldest U-boat commanders to undertake a combat patrol.

This was successful, and at 8.36am, when UC-29 was just 50 yards away, Campbell opened fire. Pargust's gunners scored numerous hits on the U-boat, damaging the conning tower particularly, and the crew started to abandon ship, raising their hands in surrender. Campbell ordered cease-fire, at which UC-29 started to move away on the surface, into the surrounding mist. At this, and to prevent the U-boat escaping (Pargust was immobilised, and unable to pursue) Campbell commenced firing again, which continued until 8.40 am when UC-29 blew up and sank.

The submarine was laid down on 13 August 1942 at the Danziger Werft (yard) at Danzig (now Gdansk), as yard number 129, launched on 11 March 1943 and commissioned on 26 June under the command of Capitano di Corvetta Athos Fraternale. She served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 26 June 1943 and the 23rd flotilla from 1 October. She was reassigned to the 31st flotilla on 1 March 1945. The U-boat was named S-1 after being acquired by the Italian Navy in exchange for some transport ships.

All three destroyers depth charged the U-boat and seconds after Firedrake released her depth charges, U-39 surfaced. Foxhound, which was the closest to the U-boat, picked up 25 crew members while Faulknor rescued 11 and Firedrake saved the remaining eight. The crewmen were then taken ashore in Scotland and spent the rest of the war in various prisoner-of-war camps, including the Tower of London, before being shipped to Canada. U-39 was the first of many U-boats to be sunk in World War II; at .

The engineer was the only officer (and one of only four crewmen) who had served on a U-boat war patrol. While the boat's petty officers had several years of navy service, many of the enlisted crew were still new to the German navy and had only a few months of U-boat training. U-570s inexperienced crew was not unique for the time. British interrogation of rescued crew-members of —sunk on her first patrol in September 1941—revealed that 41 out of 48 crew were on their first war patrol.

By 1918 the Allied anti-submarine measures had continued to become more effective. Aircraft began to play an increasingly effective role in patrolling large areas quickly. While they had little effect when attacking (only one U-boat was confirmed as sunk by air attack) the presence of aircraft forced the U-boat to dive, becoming blind and immobile, or risk the air patrol summoning hunting warships to the scene. During 1918 no convoy escorted by air patrol lost a ship, and U-boats were forced increasingly to operate at night or beyond aircraft range.

In 1916 the German Navy returned to a strategy of using the U-boats to erode the Grand Fleet's numerical superiority by staging a series of operations designed to lure the Grand Fleet into a U-boat trap. Due to the U-boats' poor speed compared to the main battle fleet these operations required U-boat patrol lines to be set up, while the High Seas fleet manoeuvred to draw the Grand Fleet to them.Halpern 1995, p. 329. Several of these operations were staged, in March and April 1916, but with no success.

German U-boat bases in occupied Norway operated between 1940 and 1945, when the Kriegsmarine (German navy), converted several naval bases in Norway into submarine bases. Norwegian coastal cities became available to the Kriegsmarine after the invasion of Denmark and Norway in April 1940. Following the conclusion of the Norwegian Campaign (June 1940), the occupying Germans began to transfer U-boats stationed in Germany to many Norwegian port cities such as Bergen, Narvik, Trondheim, Hammerfest and Kirkenes. Initial planning for many U-boat bunkers began in late 1940.

Following the liberation of France by the Western Allies in 1944, U-boat activity in many Norwegian ports increased. With the French ports captured or cut off, many German U-boats re-located to Norwegian port cities. During the German occupation of Norway, the Kriegsmarine stationed over 240 U-boats in the Nordic country at one time or another, most of them members of the 11th U-boat Flotilla, which had 190 U-boats in its fleet during the flotilla's entire career. Other well-known flotillas in Norway included the 13th and 14th Flotillas.

In this job, on January 17, 1911, he saved all 30 men of by getting them out via a torpedo tube after it sank in Kiel Harbour due to an unclosed valve in the ventilation shaft. Among the saved crew was Otto Weddigen, later the commander of , and Paul Clarrendorf, the commander of U-boot-Abnahme-Kommando in Kiel which enlisted U-boat crews. Valentiner received the Order of the Crown 4th class for the life-saving mission. On July 1, 1911, Valentiner took command of the new U-boat .

When World War I broke out, Valentiner took command of , the U-boat on which he three years earlier saved 30 men from dying. His orders were to sink Russian warships in the Baltic Sea, but he failed, and blamed the old U-boat which did not have the capabilities of the newer boats in the Kaiserliche Marine. Valentiner returned to base without any successes and was relieved from his command on October 27, 1914. He was sent to Berlin to face Prince Heinrich and explain the problems with the older U-boats.

Austria-Hungary's U-boat fleet was largely obsolete at the outbreak of World War I,Gardiner, p. 341. and over the first two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian Navy focused its efforts on building a U-boat fleet for local defense within the Adriatic. With boats to fill that need either under construction or purchased from Germany, efforts were focused on building submarines for operation in the wider Mediterranean, outside the Adriatic. In January 1916 Cantiere Navale Triestino (CNT) purchased plans for an submarine from the German firm AG Weser of Bremen.

The group's first patrol in May 1943 was uneventful. There were several major convoy battles during the month, but none involving 2 SG. The group operated in support of HX 235 and ONS 8, sailing ahead in an attempt to encounter and breach any U-boat patrol lines drawn across the convoy routes. The group's first success came in June. Its first U-boat was detected on 1 June 1943: fortuitously on a fine day, and identified by a Lt. Earl Howe Pitt, the event was dubbed another "Glorious First of June" by Walker.

In October 2013, the URHS began a fundraising effort to restore 3372 called "Project U-Boat." The campaign raised enough funds by March 2014, and later that year, the URHS began looking for bids to move the locomotive. On October 29, the Morristown & Erie Railway sent both of their Alco C-424s to Passaic to rescue the U-Boat and remove it from NY&GL; property. The locomotive is now stored at the URHS Restoration facility in Boonton, NJ, and funds are still being raised to restore it to operation.

Butler, p. 127 The policy was short-lived, however, as on 7 May 1915, the U-boat torpedoed and sank the passenger liner , causing a diplomatic crisis with the United States. To avoid drawing America into the war, Germany reinstated restrictions on the U-boat fleet.Butler, p. 128 Aboard his flagship, , Pohl conducted a series of short operations into the North Sea over the course of 1915. None of these operations ventured outside of the southern end of the North Sea, and the fleet never encountered any British forces.Staff, p.

They carried a Bachstelze and a Naxos radar detector on this trip.Giese, O., 1994, Shooting the War, Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, On 1 October 1944 the U-boat was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla. She carried out only one additional patrol in the Indian Ocean, in 1944–1945, on their journey home with 130 tons of tin, 20 tons of molybdenum, 80-100 tons of raw rubber, and the latest radar-detection equipment FUMB26 TUNIS. They ended up sinking a single ship of 10,198 tons.

U-41 was laid down on 27 November 1937 and was launched on 28 January 1939. She was commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 22 April 1939 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Gustav-Adolf Mugler. U-41 only undertook three war patrols, two as part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla and one as a member of the 2nd U-boat Flotilla. During her brief career she sank five enemy vessels for a total of , captured two more ships for a total of , and damaged one ship of .

Wolfgang Lüth (15 October 1913 – 14 May 1945) was the second most successful German U-boat captain of World War II. His career record of 46 merchant ships plus the sunk during 15 war patrols, with a total displacement of , was second only to that of Korvettenkapitän (Lieutenant Commander) Otto Kretschmer, whose 47 sinkings totaled . Lüth joined the Reichsmarine in 1933. After a period of training on surface vessels, he transferred to the U-boat service in 1936. In December 1939 he received command of , which he took on six war-patrols.

Mount Vernon departed New York for Brest on 31 October 1917 for her first U.S. Navy crossing, and during the war made nine successful voyages carrying American troops to fight in Europe. However, early on the morning of 5 September 1918, as the transport steamed homeward in convoy some from the French coast, her No. 1 gun crew spotted a periscope some off her starboard bow. Mount Vernon immediately fired one round at German U-boat . The U‑boat simultaneously submerged, but managed to launch a torpedo at the transport.

The effects were summarized in an early-1943 study. They showed that before the introduction of Metox, an aircraft without radar would spend 135 hours in the air for every U-boat it detected, while one equipped with ASV saw one for every 95 hours of flight. From October, when Metox was common, it took ASV aircraft 135 hours, meaning Metox had seemingly rendered ASV useless. However, the time taken to find a U-boat without radar had also increased, to 245 hours, so ASV was still useful.

Von Marwitz boards the ship and arrests Madeleine for being a French spy. As they are being rowed from the ship to the U-boat, a British Q-ship (a heavily armed merchant ship with concealed weaponry) approaches and engages the U-boat in battle, sinking the enemy vessel. Madeleine is taken aboard the Q-ship while von Marwitz is moved to a British destroyer. Her feelings of love unabated, Madeleine is assured that von Marwitz will not be shot, but instead will be detained until the end of the war.

She fired two charges from her port K-gun battery, and both appeared to hit the water just above the submerged U-boat. Then, as the destroyer swung around above the U-boat, Turner rolled a single depth charge off her stern. Soon after the three depth charges exploded, Turner crewmen heard a fourth explosion, the shock from which caused the destroyer to lose power to her SG and SD radars, to the main battery, and to her sound gear. It took her at least 15 minutes to restore power entirely.