Surgeons often rely on touch, for example, to discern healthy from tumorous tissue.
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Look closer: they make up the featureless face of an alien, all tumorous growths and wriggling tentacles.
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I've thought about going as a collapsing beehive or something charred and tumorous, like a black lung.
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To the east is a tumorous outgrowth, thin, then wide, then thin again, doubling back on itself several times.
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A "tumorous mass" was detected by ultrasound scan in her left breast during a July physical, according to reports.
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Creases and protrusions on the skin give each "tumorous ball of flesh," as the artist calls them, a degree of flawed believability.
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All that we have of Kanam Man (or woman or girl or boy; the gender and age at death are unknown) is a tumorous jawbone.
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It looks like a tumorous growth out of the back of your phone, but hey, you probably won't lose your AirPods again — only your dignity.
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A photo, taken when he joined a trial for the drug vemurafenib, shows the man's chest, pale with a greenish cast, covered in large, oblong tumorous bumps.
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Since cancer is a disease of genes, DNA sequencing of both healthy and tumorous cells can improve patient management by directing the use of specific, gene-targeted drugs.
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We'll remember this tumorous epoch in 2018 for its infinite distraction, myopic Techno-Utopianism, blind faith in one-dimensional statistical metrics, and the curdled cheddar Caligula entombed inside the White House.
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Julia opted to remove only the tumorous breast—a unilateral mastectomy—preserving the other and using a prosthetic to fill out the space in her bra where her left breast used to be.
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His mouth, depending on the drawing, is either a crack between the butt cheeks that form his face or, in the more phallic images, a tumorous lump on the giant testicles of his cheeks.
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In "Golden Grid" (1966), the linear order of a latticed square with the golden threads of an attached carpet of yarn, vomit out a tumorous appendage whose chaotic presence impugns and is impugned by the grid's stiffness.
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Time spares nothing, and seems particularly to have it out for our faces, paying just as much attention to skin-level deformations (worry-lines, wrinkles, tumorous outgrowths) as it does to the large-scale hollowings and saggings which, over time, change the actual shape of our faces.
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Tumorous cells in some sites assumed anaplastic appearance, with numerous mitoses and marked fields of necroses.
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Adenosis is any disease of a gland. The diseased gland has abnormal formation or development of glandular tissue which is sometimes tumorous.
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Non-ossifying fibromata. In: H. L. Jaffe, editor: Tumors and Tumorous Conditions of the Bones and Joints. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1958, pp 117-141.
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"tumorous masses",Robinson, R.M., P. Jones, T.J. Galvin, and G.M. Harwell (1978) Elaeophorosis in sika deer in Texas. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 14(4):137-141.
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May–Grünwald stain or May–Grünwald–Giemsa stain is used for the staining of FNAC slides in a histopathology lab for the diagnosis of tumorous cells.
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A xanthelasma may be referred to as a xanthoma when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions. Xanthelasma is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.
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Paterlini-Bréchot, G. Vona, C. Bréchot. Circulating tumorous cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical impact and future directions. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 10 : 241–249, 2000. #M.
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A necropsy found a tumorous mass on one of her ovaries.Potthoff, Gina, Crowd-pleaseing Fluffy dies at zoo, The Columbus Dispatch, October 28, 2010, Pg. B4 The zoo has since acquired her daughter named Hanna.
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These cells may line up individually along the epidermal basal layer. The latter finding if unaccompanied by spongiosis is highly suggestive of mycosis fungoides. In the tumorous stage a dense infiltrate of medium-sized lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei expands the dermis.
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Due to the controversial effects of EMP3 on tumor suppression, the applicable treatments for certain carcinomas related to EMP3 are still unvalidated in humans. However, some animal experiments have showed a positive result on suppressing the tumorous tissues by modifying the EMP3 gene.
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If this DNA repair defect is in one of seven DNA repair pathways (see DNA repair pathways), and a compensating DNA repair pathway is inhibited, then the tumor cells may be killed by synthetic lethality. Non-tumorous cells, with the initial pathway intact, can survive.
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They are prone to eye problems such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), cataracts, and entropion. They sometimes get cysts or tumorous growths in their skin, but these are rarely malignant. Hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and cryptorchidism have also been reported occasionally. Progressive neuronal abiotrophy (PNA) is also seen but rare in the population.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are used to diagnose PNETs. Even though a universal treatment plan hasn't been stablished yet, common strategies involve chemotherapy and radiotherapy for individuals older than 3 years of age. Their efficacy, however, is still controversial. Surgery can be used to remove mass affected by tumorous cells.
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Thyroid nodules are nodules (raised areas of tissue or fluid) which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. They may be hyperplastic or tumorous, but only a small percentage of thyroid tumors are malignant. Small, asymptomatic nodules are common, and often go unnoticed. Nodules that grow larger or produce symptoms may eventually need medical care.
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Malignant melanoma metastases in a heart. The development of donor-derived tumors from organ transplants is exceedingly rare. The main cause of organ transplant associated tumors seems to be malignant melanoma, that was undetected at the time of organ harvest. There have also been reports of Kaposi's sarcoma occurring after transplantation due to tumorous outgrowth of virus-infected donor cells.
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In either case, expression of these genes promotes the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Tumor suppressor genes are genes that inhibit cell division, survival, or other properties of cancer cells. Tumor suppressor genes are often disabled by cancer-promoting genetic changes. Finally Oncovirinae, viruses that contain an oncogene, are categorized as oncogenic because they trigger the growth of tumorous tissues in the host.
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It is used to visualise tumorous tissue in neurosurgical procedures. Studies since 2006 have shown that the intraoperative use of this guiding method may reduce the tumour residual volume and prolong progression-free survival in people with malignant gliomas. The US FDA approved aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA HCL) for this use in 2017.FDA Approves Fluorescing Agent for Glioma Surgery.
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Venom (Ultimate Marvel version). The Ultimate iteration of Venom was created by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Mark Bagley and was introduced in Ultimate Spider-Man #33, while the Conrad Markus version was introduced in Ultimate Spider-Man Volume 2 #16.1. His appearance was designed by Mark Bagley to be more of a monster than a supervillain, describing him as a "huge cancerous/tumorous creature".
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Keloid scars are a more serious form of excessive scarring, because they can grow indefinitely into large, tumorous (although benign) neoplasms. Hypertrophic scars are often distinguished from keloid scars by their lack of growth outside the original wound area, but this commonly taught distinction can lead to confusion. Keloid scars can occur on anyone, but they are most common in dark-skinned people.Martini, Frederic H. (2006).
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A special dye may be injected into a vein before these scans to provide contrast and make tumors easier to identify. The neoplasm will be clearly visible. If a tumor is found, it will be necessary for a neurosurgeon to perform a biopsy of it. This simply involves the removal of a small amount of tumorous tissue, which is then sent to a (neuro)pathologist for examination and staging.
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Rancher was first diagnosed with cancer August 23, 1981, his first summer with the Unreal Gods, just before their show warming up for Peter Tosh. He had a pair of surgeries at that time, one before the show to remove a tumorous testicle, the other afterward to remove lymph nodes. The latter surgery left a scar over much of his torso. Biopsies at the time showed no further cancer.
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Traditionally, mycosis fungoides has been divided into three stages: premycotic, mycotic and tumorous. The premycotic stage clinically presents as an erythematous (red), itchy, scaly lesion. Microscopic appearance is non-diagnostic and represented by chronic nonspecific dermatosis associated with psoriasiform changes in epidermis. In the mycotic stage, infiltrative plaques appear and biopsy shows a polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis that contains small numbers of frankly atypical lymphoid cells.
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When a cell is tumorous it does not cease to proliferate inhibiting the apoptosis, as a result, in cancerous cells cIAP1 is rarely located in the cytoplasm. In case of dividing cells, cIAP1 is released into the cytosol early in mitosis, then reaccumulated in nucleus in late anaphase and in telophase. Nevertheless, there is a pool of cIAP1 associated to the midbody that acts as the exception to the regular rule.
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Between 1992 and 2000 he was head of department of Postgraduate Medical University and II. Paediatrician Department of Semmelweis University of Medicine. In 1991 he established the Bonta Foundation with his colleague which supports the treatment of tumorous children. He has published about 100 bulletins of heath in English and Hungarian, 40 publications about social problems. He became a member of presidium of the Cultural Branch of Fidesz.
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Most of her research focus is on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidative protective mechanisms during disease development and on developing new drugs to fight tumorous and infectious diseases, especially malaria. In 2006 she spent six months at the Scripps Research Institute for a research stay. From 2000 until 2005, Becker was a member of the Junge Akademie, part of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the Leopoldina Academy.
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Mutations in the Schwannomin-gene are thought to alter the movement and shape of affected cells with loss of contact inhibition. Ependymomas are tumors arising from the ependyma, an epithelium- like tissue of the central nervous system. In people with NF2 and ependymomas, the tumor suppressant function of Merlin may be compromised. Loss of function mutations occurring in chromosome 22q, where Merlin proteins are coded, can promote tumorigenesis, or the creation of new tumorous cells.
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A significant number of diseases are known to change the expression of genes within the body, and epigenetic involvement is a plausible hypothesis for how they do this. These changes can be the cause of symptoms to the disease. Several diseases, especially cancer, have been suspected of selectively turning genes on or off, thereby resulting in a capability for the tumorous tissues to escape the host’s immune reaction. Known epigenetic mechanisms typically cluster into three categories.
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Whereas free steroids like estradiol are lipophilic and can enter cells via passive diffusion, steroid conjugates like E1S are hydrophilic and are unable to do so. Instead, steroid conjugates require active transport via membrane transport proteins to enter cells. Studies in animals and humans have had mixed findings on uptake of exogenously administered E1S in normal and tumorous mammary gland tissue. This is in contrast to substantial uptake of exogenously administered estradiol and estrone by the mammary glands.
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CIK cells respond to lymphokines by lysing tumorous cells that are resistant to NK cells or LAK cell activity. CIK cells show a large amount of cytotoxic potential against various types of tumors. Side effects of CIK cells are also considered very minor. In a few cases, CIK cell treatment lead to the complete disappearance of tumor burdens, extended periods of survival, and improved quality of life, even if the cancerous tumor cells were in advanced stages.
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It is eventually discovered that Emily was created during Scully's abduction. Emily suffers from a tumorous infection and subsequently dies. "Emily" is the second of a two-part story that began with episode six, "Christmas Carol". The young actress who originally played Emily was terrified of the hospital setting in the episode's sequel "Emily", and as a result the producers had to recast the role and reshoot all footage featuring her including her scene featured in this episode.
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The results of Emily's tests show her to be suffering from a tumorous infection. The other Calderon arrives at the hospital and injects Emily with an unknown green substance; he escapes by morphing into someone else. Scully believes that he is continuing the treatments, and the Sims were murdered because they were trying to stop him. Mulder follows the first Calderon clone into a building, where he meets Anna Fugazzi, an elderly woman in a nursing home.
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She has a clinical expertise in the surgical management of brain tumors such as complex gliomas, meningiomas and skull base tumors. In 2010, with her research team of the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, she demonstrated the fact that tumorous blood vessel cells may come from tumor cells as a way to create their own blood supply. Those results contributed to demonstrate the great plasticity of tumors. A prolific author, she has written dozens of widely cited publications.
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Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal. NK cells also kill tumorous cells in a similar way, especially if the tumor cells have fewer MHC class I molecules on their surface than normal; this is a common phenomenon with tumors. Sometimes antibodies are generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system.
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Composite odontoma is a rare defect in humans in which a benign tumor forms in the mouth, generally as a result of the abnormal growth of a single tooth, causing additional teeth to form within the tumor. Most cases have been found in the upper jaw of patients. Unchecked growth of the tumor can make swallowing and eating difficult, and can also lead to grotesque facial swelling. In most cases, surgery is required to remove the extra teeth and tumorous tissue.
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The tendency to form keloids is speculated to be hereditary. Keloids can tend to appear to grow over time without even piercing the skin, almost acting out a slow tumorous growth; the reason for this tendency is unknown. Extensive burns, either thermal or radiological, can lead to unusually large keloids; these are especially common in firebombing casualties, and were a signature effect of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. True incidence and prevalence of keloid in United States is not known.
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By integrating the big data set collected through such experimental work, Zupanc and his collaborators Iulian Ilieş and Rifat Sipahi (Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University) succeeded in building the first mathematical model of tissue growth in the spinal cord. This model provides an important theoretical framework for better understanding tissue growth in the intact and the regenerating central nervous system. In collaboration with Rifat Sipahi, Zupanc also constructed computational models that simulate normal and tumorous tissue growth in vitro.
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A method for eliminating tumorous mass is surgery, where the best outcome would be total resection, meaning the complete removal of the tumor. Along with the surgery, several measures that contribute to a safe procedure can be taken: urine exams, transfusion, and the constant supervision of arterial pressure. Possible problems that arise from the surgery include hemorrhage, brain edema, and hemiparesis. MRIs are typically done after 1 or 2 days of postoperative in order to inspect the amount of tumor remaining.
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There are several potential clinical consequences of the presence of an axillary arch including confusing the identification and palpation of enlarged or tumorous lymph nodes, the trapping of axillary structures including the axillary nerve and the axillary vein and causing potential problems in axillary surgery or breast reconstruction.Bharambe VK, Arole V, The axillary arch muscle (Langer's muscle): Clinical importance, Med J DY Patil Univ, 2013, 6:327–30. There have also been reported instances of the axillary arch being involved in the development of deep vein thrombosis.
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She also studied the structures of the Ii antigen system; and established that they existed as both branched and linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains. Her research group were the first to sequence the envelope glycoprotein GP120 and elucidate their interactions with the mannose-specific macrophage endocytosis receptor. Feizi showed that during both cellular differentiation and the transformation of normal cells to tumorous cells, anti-li blood group antibodies could be used to track changes in glycosylation. She studied the ability of animal lectins to bind to oligosaccharides.
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Hyperparathyroidism, in general, is caused by either tumorous growth in one or more parathyroid glands or a prolonged decrease in blood calcium levels or hypocalcaemia which in turn stimulates the production of parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid gland. The parathyroid gland is located beside the thyroid gland in the neck, below and in front of the larynx and above the trachea. It is composed of four glands in total that monitor blood calcium levels via the calcium sensing receptors, a g-coupled protein receptor. The parathyroid glands main role is calcium homeostasis.
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The diagnosis of DLBCL-CI is heavily dependent on patient history, presence of a tumor with the appropriate histology, and evidence indicating EBV infection. The patient should have a history of long-term chronic inflammation in a site that is known or thought to be sequestered from the immune system such as the pleural space, skin ulcer, or foreign body. The lesions, which generally are tumorous rather than infiltrative, should consist of large cells that resemble centroblasts, immunoblasts, or, less commonly, anaplastic, i.e. poorly differentiated, cells that are arranged in a diffuse pattern.
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Lymphohemangioma, or lymphohaemangioma, () is a disease characterized by swelling of the lymph nodes and blood vessels. It is variously described as a "mixture of clear fluid and blood-filled cysts", a mass of abnormal swollen veins and lymph nodes, or a tumorous growth of lymph and blood vessels. It is also sometimes described as a misnomer for combined lymphatic and capillary malformation. Lymphohemangioma commonly appears in and around the eyes and mouth, but may also occur in other areas, including the pelvis, urethra, bladder, and in the limbs.
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The tumorous growth can also change the consistency of the gland and cause facial pain on the involved side. Around 20% of parotid tumors are malignant, with the most common tumors being mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Other malignant tumors of the parotid gland include acinic cell carcinoma, carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma (arising from ductal epithelium of parotid gland), squamous cell carcinoma (arising from parenchyma of parotid gland), and undifferentiated carcinoma. Metastasis from other sites like phyllodes tumour of breast presenting as parotid swelling have also been described.
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Even though the fungus is frequently found in indoor environment, and has been isolated from wide range of human food, only isolated subcutaneous infections due to superficial wound caused by contaminated material, such as contaminated agricultural tools, are reported. The infection can cause subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis mostly in people with compromised immune systems. Symptoms include lesion, pus, thickening of skin, and chromoblastomycosis-like, muriform bodies-less tumorous mass, which makes it easily to be misdiagnosed. The fungus was reported to cause dark red, brownish plaques on chest and abdominal region in an agricultural worker.
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DNA methylation is one of several epigenetic modifications recognized as hallmarks of tumorigenesis. In a genome-wide survey of subtype- specific epigenomic changes in adenoma, the HHIPL1 gene was hypermethylated in 12 of 13 non-functioning (NF) adenomas, as well as in growth hormone (GH)- and prolectin-secreting adenomas. Thus, HHIPL1 has the potential to serve as a biomarker to predict or characterise tumorous growth patterns. Unlike another member of the human HHIP gene family, HHIP, which is regarded as a pharmacogenomics target in the fields of oncology and vascular medicine, HHIPL1 has yet been reported with such potential.
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Vertebroplasty had been performed as an open procedure for many decades to secure pedicle screws and fill tumorous voids. However, the results were not always worth the risk involved with an open procedure, which was the reason for the development of percutaneous vertebroplasty. The first percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in 1984 at the University Hospital of Amiens, France to fill a vertebral void left after the removal of a benign spinal tumor. A report of this and 6 other patients was published in 1987 and it was introduced in the United States in the early 1990s.
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Although no approved therapeutics are currently based on ricin, it does have the potential to be used in the treatment of tumors, as a "magic bullet" to destroy targeted cells. Because ricin is a protein, it can be linked to a monoclonal antibody to target cancerous cells recognized by the antibody. The major problem with ricin is that its native internalization sequences are distributed throughout the protein. If any of these native internalization sequences are present in a therapeutic agent, the drug will be internalized by, and kill, untargeted non- tumorous cells as well as targeted cancerous cells.
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However, this inhibition is only possible when the splice factor heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H (hnRNP H) maintains the expression of a full-length A-Raf protein. Tumorous cells often overexpress hnRNP H. When hnRNP H is downregulated, the A-RAF gene is alternatively spliced. This prevents the expression of full-length A-Raf protein. Thus, overexpression of hnRNP H in tumor cells leads to full-length expression of A-Raf which then inhibits apoptosis, allowing cancerous cells that should be destroyed to stay alive. A-Raf also binds to pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), again outside the MAPK pathway.
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DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 3, mitochondrial, also known as Tumorous imaginal disc 1 (TID1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJA3 gene on chromosome 16. This protein belongs to the DNAJ/Hsp40 protein family, which is known for binding and activating Hsp70 chaperone proteins to perform protein folding, degradation, and complex assembly. As a mitochondrial protein, it is involved in maintaining membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, as well as cellular processes such as cell movement, growth, and death. Furthermore, it is associated with a broad range of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancers.
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This same effect is an important consideration in weather radar, as raindrops absorb a part of the emitted beam that is more or less significant, depending on the wavelength used. Due to the damaging effects of high-energy photons, it is necessary to know how much energy is deposited in tissue during diagnostic treatments involving such radiation. In addition, gamma radiation is used in cancer treatments where it is important to know how much energy will be deposited in healthy and in tumorous tissue. In Computer Graphics attenuation defines the local or global influence of light sources and force fields.
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Cytotrienin A has a median effective dose value of 7.7 nM to induce apoptosis on HL-60 cells. It was also shown that the metabolite has greater growth inhibitory activity on HL-60 cells at low concentrations and little impact on non-tumorous cells, while at high concentrations the reverse relationship was seen. The apoptosis pathway was shown to involve the proteolytic activation of MST/Krs proteins by caspase-3 which results in the activation of p36 MBP kinase through the creation of ROS. The concentrations needed to induce this pathway were found to be the same required to induce apoptosis on HL-60 cells.
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When the larger creature attacks, Voyager adopts a position of submission, based on behavior the crew observed in the smaller members of the species. Losing interest, the smaller creatures detach from Voyager and allow it to leave. In response to Voyagers exposure to the swarm, Kes (Jennifer Lien) begins eating abnormally, including insects and soil. In sickbay, she has a fever, a dangerously elevated pulse and blood pressure, and a tumorous growth on her back. She resists the Doctor’s (Robert Picardo) treatment and locks herself in his office, finally relenting only to explain to Captain Janeway that she's undergoing the elogium: the Ocampa mating cycle.
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It is also shown that even if Tomie's body is not injured, her body will attempt to sprout another Tomie through tumorous growths, usually when she is emotionally stressed. Some Tomie copies, however, cannot stand one another; one is seen killing one personally, while others order it done through the boys they seduce/enslave. Fire is the only known method to destroy a Tomie for good, though only if the flesh is completely carbonized. The next story arc, beginning as a prequel, reveals that a baby girl can grow naturally into a Tomie via a blood injection and that she can age if she has not yet copied herself.
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Removing the mask is a sanity-shattering experience; the King's face is described as "inhuman eyes in a suppurating sea of stubby maggot-like mouths; liquescent flesh, tumorous and gelid, floating and reforming". Although none of the characters in Chambers' book describe the plot of the play, Kevin Ross fabricated a plot for the play within the Call of Cthulhu mythos. The Secret World, a Lovecraft-inspired massively multiplayer online role-playing game, quotes Cassilda's Song and other elements from The King in Yellow during a quest. The theft of a supposed manuscript of the play The King in Yellow from the British Library forms a major plot element of Charles Stross's Lovecraft-inspired book The Annihilation Score.
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A woman named Karen (Strasberg), who is suffering from a growing tumor on her neck, enters a hospital in San Francisco. After a series of X-rays, the doctors begin to think it is a living creature: a fetus being born inside the tumor. Eerie and grisly occurrences begin; the tumorous growth perceives itself – himself – to be under attack as a result of the X-rays used to ascertain its nature, which are starting to stunt and deform its development. The growth is the old Native American shaman, Misquamacus; he is reincarnating himself through the young woman to exact his revenge on the white men who invaded North America and exterminated its native peoples.
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Foxp3 is a recruiter of other anti-tumor enzymes such as CD39 and CD8. The overexpression of CD39 is found in patients with multiple cancer types such as melanoma, leukemia, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and ovarian cancer. This overexpression may be protecting tumorous cells, allowing them to create their “escape phase”. A cancerous tumor's “escape phase” is where the tumor grows quickly and it becomes clinically invisible by becoming independent of the extracellular matrix and creating its own immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The consequences of a cancer cell reaching the “escape phase” is that it allows it to completely evade the immune system, which reduces the immunogenicity and ability to become clinically detected, allowing it to progress and spread throughout the body.
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As KSHV establishes latent infection in tumorous foci, it invariably expresses high levels of the viral LANA protein, which is necessary and sufficient to maintain the KSHV episome. Encoded by ORF73, LANA-1 is one of few HHV-8 encoded proteins that is highly expressed in all latently infected tumour cells; specifically, it is a phosphoprotein with an acidic internal repeat domain flanked by a carboxy-terminal domain and an amino- terminal domain. LANA-1 acts as a transcriptional regulator, and it has been implicated directly in oncogenesis because of its ability to bind to the tumour-suppressing protein p53 and to the retinoblastoma protein pRb. This leads to the inactivation of p53-dependent promoters and induction of E2F-dependent genes.
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In order to accomplish transfection, one may use integrating viral vectors such as lentiviruses or retroviruses, non-integrating vectors such as Sendai viruses or adenoviruses, microRNAs and a variety of other methods including using proteins and plasmids; one example is the non-viral delivery of transcription factor-encoding plasmids with a polymeric carrier to elicit neuronal transdifferentiation of fibroblasts. When foreign molecules enter cells, one must take into account the possible drawbacks and potential to cause tumorous growth. Integrating viral vectors have the chance to cause mutations when inserted into the genome. One method of going around this is to excise the viral vector once reprogramming has occurred, an example being Cre- Lox recombination Non-integrating vectors have other issues concerning efficiency of reprogramming and also the removal of the vector.
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The tumor may extend into the chest wall, ribs, lung tissue, lymph nodes of the mediastinum, and diaphragm but usually has not disseminated beyond these areas, i.e. examinations of the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and distal lymph nodes typically do not show evidence of the disease. Individuals with non-PAL forms of DLBCL-CI present with tumorous growths in or around bone infections, skin ulcers, venous ulcers, metallic implants, artificial heart valves, intrauterine birth control devices, and implanted surgical mesh. The presentation of these cases is similar to that of PAL: afflicted individuals are most often middle-aged or elderly males who have a long-standing (almost always >10 years) history of inflammation, have recently developed pain and localized swelling, and on radiological examination have a discrete, sometimes large, tumor mass at the involved site.
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