Even the number of telephone trunk calls alone, 112 million in 1939, exceeded the number of telegrams.Kieve, p. 248 In some cases telegrams were sent or received by telephone (phonograms), making it increasingly difficult to treat the two services separately.
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Subscriber Trunk Dialling was introduced in 1958 to allow subscribers to dial trunk calls without operator assistance. Uniform exchange codes, usually called STD codes, were allocated for every exchange in the country progressively as STD was rolled out. This process was not completed until 1979.
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Subscriber trunk dialling (STD, also known as subscriber toll dialing) is a telephone system allowing subscribers to dial trunk calls without operator assistance. The term was introduced when it first became possible for long- distance calls to be dialled directly, and is now rarely used where calls to any destination can be dialled.
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There are 9 hostels on the “Yoshlik” campus, in which over 3200 undergraduate and graduate students live. Internet service, computer classes, international and trunk calls, a student's clinic, a sports and recreation facility, dry cleaning, dressmakers and shoemakers, training and cultural centers, libraries, dining halls, a market and shops are at the disposal of the students. Rooms for spirituality and enlightenment and also living rooms in each hostel for teachers who continue the training process with the students after classes.
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The caller had to ask for the called party by name, later by number, and the operator connected one end of a circuit into the called party jack to alert them. If the called station answered, the operator disconnected their headset and completed the station-to-station circuit. Trunk calls were made with the assistance of other operators at other exchangers in the network. Until the 1970s, most telephones were permanently wired to the telephone line installed at customer premises.
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The installation of Unit Automatic Exchanges (UAX) from 1937 introduced local dialling codes for the first time outside the Director areas: subscribers could dial calls to and from nearby exchanges directly using short dialling codes. Unlike Director codes or modern dialling codes, the code for a specific destination would vary from exchange to exchange: for example, the local code for Totnes was 997 from Bigbury, but 882 from Blackawton and 86 from Paignton. Trunk calls (long-distance calls beyond the local call charging area) still required connection by an operator.
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He lies dead under the trident of the Goddess Kali, similar to all the murders that has been done by him. "Nalvaakku" Nagamma (Manorama), is a woman who pretends to talk to the Mother Goddess by trunk calls through a lime phone, trying to solve people's problems by taking money from them as call bills, and earns a living though that. Raju(S. Ve. Shekher), comes to her asking for help to identify what his father wanted to tell him before he died. Using his father's words, Manorama gets him married to her daughter, a fat Renuka.
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When telephone systems were first introduced, subscribers called a telephone exchange and asked a human operator to connect the call to another subscriber on the same exchange; calls to other exchanges were originally not possible. Later it became possible to dial numbers on the same exchange; calls to other exchanges (trunk calls) were possible, but had to be connected by an operator. When subscribers in one area became able to dial non-local subscribers, the term used for the innovation was subscriber trunk dialling. In the UK, STD started before 5 December 1958 when the Queen, who was in Bristol, publicised it by dialling Edinburgh - the farthest distance a call could be directly dialled.
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When customers ring, their calls are forwarded to the new location. Remote call forwarding is also a means for a suburban business to obtain a city-centre local number (with its full large-city coverage area) for inbound calls; while cheaper than a foreign exchange line, this can reduce long-distance telephony costs in markets where local calls are flat-rated but trunk calls are expensive. One alternative to RCF is Caller Redirect whereby callers simply hear an intercept message notifying them that the number has changed. Another alternative is to port the existing number to a voice over IP carrier, which is not tied to a single physical location as the subscriber may be anywhere on broadband Internet.
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Toll restriction or toll denial is a feature offered by telephone companies which allows a line to be so programmed that it is impossible to originate long-distance calls from that line, or to accept charges reversed to the number by other parties. Such lines usually allow calls to be made to no- charge numbers locally and toll-free (in North America, area codes 1-800, 1-844, 1-855, 1-866, 1-877 and 1-888), so customers can still make some long- distance calls. Most commonly this restriction is applied at the request of the owner of the premises, who does not wish to be subject to unlimited liability for costly unauthorised calls made by others at the site. Restriction of calls to overseas or premium-rate telephone numbers are common options on some systems, such as voice over IP. Private branch exchange clients are often able to configure toll restriction on a per-extension basis through the local PBX, either blocking all trunk calls or requiring that a numeric password be dialled to complete the call.
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1950s UK phone with letters on its rotary dial, as was typical for the time. When the UK's original STD codes were allocated in the late 1950s, London was given the code 01. Relatively few subscribers could dial trunk calls, so the 01 code was not generally included as part of the published telephone number. In the early 1960s, London telephones still had exchange names so the first three letters had to be dialled before the four-digit local number, e.g. ABBey 1234 (London Transport). In the mid-1960s, All Figure Numbers (AFNs) were introduced in London and five other large cities because the number of meaningful letter combinations was becoming exhausted. The STD codes were incorporated as part of the AFN, ABBey 1234 becoming 01-222 1234. Callers in London were still instructed to dial only the seven digits (those after the hyphen) when calling other London numbers because a charging error would result if the 01 code were dialled, with the call being charged as a national call rather than a local call; the same principle applied for local calls within the other AFN areas.
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