77 Sentences With "trespassed on" | Random Sentence Generator

"They have trespassed on our property to access this camp," McMahan said.

The second was a threadbare poacher who trespassed on his estate in 2006.

"They have trespassed on our property to access this camp," said a Union Pacific spokesman, Tim McMahan.

The jury found that he had trespassed on private property and committed fraud, according to court papers.

Law enforcement and National Park Service officials say the men trespassed on the park on April 30.

In the late 26s, a blackmailer trespassed on Anders' parents' estate and threatened to kill them if he wasn't paid.

He boasted about his gun collection and said he had a right to shoot anyone who trespassed on his property.

Cops tell us Salma couldn't believe cops were letting her neighbor skate, insisting her dogs NEVER trespassed on the guy's land.

The lawsuit also says members of the groups trespassed on private property and secretly recorded immigrant children playing inside the church.

The stalker, who is identified as 37-year-old John Ford, trespassed on Jenner's property four times in the last three months, the outlet found.

The neighbors would likely argue that all they did was cut the lock after she trespassed on their property, and so she assumed the risk.

Lu Jing, 56, allegedly trespassed on the Palm Beach resort and was asked to leave by security, Palm Beach Police spokesman Michael Ogrodnick said in a statement.

Villagers have identified community leaders who were receiving bribes from pastoralists while at the same time plotting with farmers and police to arrest those who trespassed on farmland.

North Dakota Highway Patrol Lt. Tom Iverson said law enforcement had to respond after protesters put up an illegal roadblock on a state highway and trespassed on private property.

In an episode last fall, the Trump administration expelled two Chinese officials who trespassed on an important military base in Virginia, evading the authorities until fire trucks blocked their car.

Yujing Zhang trespassed on Mar-a-Lago in March 2019 and was found guilty last November of unlawfully entering a restricted zone and making false statements to a federal officer.

Her firing by the department had "unacceptably trespassed on the implied freedom of political communication," and therefore was unlawful, according to the tribunal's deputy president Gary Humphries and member Bernard Hughson.

Sunland Park, New Mexico, Police Chief Javier Correa said the group left their campsite outside the town following a request by the Union Pacific Railroad, which said they had trespassed on its land.

Prosecutors said Bundy had trespassed on federal public lands for more than 20 years, refusing to secure the necessary permits or pay the required fees the government charges ranchers to let their cattle roam.

Knives Were Left on Japanese Prince's School Desk, Police Say The Tokyo police were investigating security footage indicating that an adult had trespassed on the grounds of the school attended by Prince Hisahito, 12.

Budd-Falen was confident she could pin civil trespassing charges on WWP, and she represented a group of ranchers who claimed that Ratner must have trespassed on private land to get to the sites he sampled.

Prosecutors have said Cliven Bundy trespassed on federal lands for over 20 years, refusing to secure the necessary permits or pay the required fees the government charges ranchers to let their cattle graze on U.S.-owned public property.

It seems the photo offended people on two fronts, with some being obsessed that he trespassed on historic site like the Great Pyramids and others being incensed that he uhhh… took a picture implying he was fucking on there.

Union Pacific said on Tuesday in a statement that the group, the United Constitutional Patriots (UCP), did not have permission to be on its property and UCP members had trespassed on the company's land to get to their camp.

Prosecutors have said the elder Bundy trespassed on federal lands for over 20 years, refusing to secure the necessary permits or pay the required fees the government charges ranchers to let their cattle graze on U.S.-owned public property.

Farmers say their right to privacy and their ability to run their businesses have been undermined by the activists, who have posted a map online of farmers' addresses and contact details, trespassed on private property and even stolen animals.

We broke the story ... police in Yelm, Washington closed out their investigation into the death of Salma's beloved 9-year-old dog Mozart, after concluding the dog had trespassed on the neighbor's property and was trying to attack his dogs.

Zachary Cruz, the brother of Nikolas Cruz who confessed to carrying out last month's massacre at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, was arrested Monday after authorities say he trespassed on the site where the shooting took place, per the Miami Herald.

Bundy is accused of conspiring to use the threat of force to prevent a court-ordered impoundment of his cattle, which the government said trespassed on federal land after the rancher had refused for 20 years to pay his grazing fees and assessments.

A federal appeals court on Monday revived a lawsuit by Arkansas landowners who claimed Southwestern Energy trespassed on their land by pouring more than 7 million barrels of hydraulic-fracturing wastewater onto nearby property that the company knew could only absorb about 1 million barrels.

On Wednesday, the Morton County Sheriff's Department said in a statement on its Facebook page that officials were in a standoff with protesters across a creek north of the main camp area and had been given orders to arrest anyone who trespassed on private property.

When a pastoralist and a farmer find themselves in a dispute, the committee assesses the damage and decides on a fine for the guilty party – most often the pastoralist who has trespassed on farming land, said Alwa Abdullah, who heads the conflict committee for R'Kiz village.

All four men are accused of conspiring to use the threat of force to prevent a court-ordered impoundment of Cliven Bundy's cattle, which the government said had trespassed on federal land after the rancher refused for 20 years to pay his grazing fees and assessments.

The case centers on Ryan Collins, who argued police had violated his Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable search and seizure when they trespassed on the property of his girlfriend's house, lifted the tarp that covered a black and orange motorcycle, ran its plates and confirmed it was stolen.

Law enforcement sources tell us, it doesn't really matter 37-year-old John Ford has repeatedly trespassed on Kendall's property in her gated community ... he's only charged with misdemeanor criminal trespass and the max he can get is 6 months in jail -- but, because of overcrowding, L.A. County Jail is a revolving door, and he'd almost certainly get out within days.

Hopkins wrote also on the motion of glaciers and the transport of glacial erratics but trespassed on the sensitivities of J. D. Forbes who saw the subject as his personal fiefdom and was contemptuous of Hopkins's lack of observational experience in the subject.

"How did the wound occur?" > you ask. An avid bird-watcher, he admits that he trespassed on a nearby > field and, in carelessly leaving, cut himself on rusty barbed wire. Now, if > you'd aid this trespasser, you must lay him across your fine back seat.

Frustrated, The Brute assaults The Child who has trespassed on the barge. The Boy witnesses the assault, but is frozen by his cowardice. The Girl, with a single word, shames him into action. He gingerly collects The Child, and they flee together with The Brute in pursuit.

He said that if anyone trespassed on my rights or questioned them to let him know and he would take care of them and protect them. I always thought that this would be done. I believe yet it will be done. I don't know what the trouble is now.

The airline argued that FareChase's websearch software trespassed on AA's servers when it collected the publicly available data. FareChase filed an appeal in March 2003. By June, FareChase and AA agreed to settle and the appeal was dropped. Southwest Airlines has also challenged screen-scraping practices, and has involved both FareChase and another firm, Outtask, in a legal claim.

The cybercrime is that the criminal has trespassed on the user's computer or network because they are responsible for the spam or malware they intended to harm the user with. The DCU's legal team has to pursue the cyber criminal in court using these old legal doctrines and laws to charge them with the crime of trespassing.

Tension had been growing on the Columbia Plateau since the 1855 Walla Walla Council forced tribes to cede vast portions of land. Yakama chief Kamiakin opposed the treaties, and so did many leaders of the Nez Perce, Cayuse, and Walla Walla nations. Adding to the tension, miners trespassed on tribal lands and attacked Indians. Some tribes retaliated with isolated killings of whites.

It did not take long for people to rediscover Byberry after it closed. The buildings were not demolished at first because of asbestos poisoning concerns. Looters broke in several weeks after the closing and began to steal everything of value, especially copper piping and wiring. After the looters had removed everything of value, vandals trespassed on the grounds, smashed windows, and started fires.

In the 4th year of his rule, i.e. 1722, the Daudpotas took certain "aggressive measures". They fought with Mullah Jiyand Abra, who was Miyan Nur Muhammad's agent in charge of certain villages in Jatoi Parguna of Bakhar Sarkar (Northern Sindh). They further trespassed on the parganahs of Shikarpur, Khanpur, and other villages, that formed the jagir of Mir Abdul-Wasia Khan and would not give any explanation to the said Khan.

Sea Shepherd had two ships involved in a standoff that lasted 57 days before agreeing to withdraw on November 26. Sea Shepherd returned to Neah Bay in 1999. They gathered locals and formed a blockade to prevent the whalers from leaving. However, the U.S. Coast Guard arrested Paul Watson's wife when she trespassed on the reservation, and eventually the Makah managed to kill one whale in May 1999.

In 339 BC, Philip interfered once again against the Amphictyonic alliance when the Krissans trespassed on Apollo's sacred grounds. Philip punished the Krissans, and consequently in 338 BC. defeated the combined armies of the Athenians and the Spartans, thus becoming the dominant force in Greek affairs. Eventually, at the Battle of Chaeronea he was successful against the Athenians and Thebans but he was assassinated before he could lead the invasion of Persia.

Greinton Manor may have been part of the Pouelt estate granted to Glastonbury abbey in 729. Records trace the Manor's tenants, transfers, sales and inheritance through the 11th century up to its subdivision and sales in the 1950s. In 2007 the publication Digital Spy said Heather Mills joined animal welfare activists from the Viva! organization as they trespassed on Briarwood Farm in Greinton in order to film the treatment of pigs in farrowing crates.

The organization was notable for aggressive tactics, especially protests against the residences of their opponents. Nina Easton of Fortune magazine wrote in her column about one such protest, at the home of her neighbor, a lawyer for Bank of America. In association with the Service Employees International Union, demonstrators trespassed on the executive's property, protesting while only his son was home, Easton said. Easton characterized the demonstration as "the politics of personal intimidation".

As a conservative defender of personal and property rights, he wrote more than 500 opinions and was involved in more than 7,000 cases. Taylor wrote the opinion for the Florida Supreme Court in Sligh vs Kirkwood (Sheriff). In this case, the Court unanimously upheld a law prohibiting exportation of "fruit unfit for consumption." Sligh had sued to overturn his conviction for delivering immature fruit to Georgia, saying the Florida law trespassed on Congresses sole authority to regulate interstate trade.

During 2006 and 2007, prior to the commencement of construction, the surrounding area was inundated with people hoping to see the original bridge one last time. Some trespassed on private property, and the unusually large number of visitors proved troublesome for local residents. The Tottori Prefectural Assembly announced that it may withhold funding for the work if the overnight express service Izumo was discontinued. There were calls for the preservation of the original structure, or the construction of a memorial hall.

" Things were no better for Gorton in Portsmouth than they had been in Plymouth. In 1640, his servant maid assaulted a woman whose cow had trespassed on his land, and this servant was ordered to court. Gorton refused to allow her to appear and went in her place. With his hostile attitude towards the judges, he was indicted on 14 counts, some of which were calling the magistrates "Just Asses" and calling a freeman in open court "saucy boy and Jack-an-Apes.

When Jerusalem's Lot was incorporated in 1765, Maine was still part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The town got its name from a myth about one of the earliest residents, Charles Belknap Tanner, who raised pigs; one of these pigs was named Jerusalem. One day, Jerusalem escaped from her confines into a nearby forest, and became aggressive and wild. Tanner began warning young children who trespassed on his property to "Keep 'ee out o' Jerusalem's wood lot," lest the pig devour them.

Lisa Mayfield, the widow of Jeremy Mayfield's father, stated that she was his mother and had seen him use methamphetamines many times since 1998. Jeremy Mayfield refuted these allegations; refuting statements cited the inability for Lisa to have adopted an adult, and adoption being a condition for the claimed relationship. Lisa Mayfield later trespassed on Jeremy's property and assaulted persons whom she found there, resulting in the arrest of Lisa Mayfield. The disputes were settled out of court, and Lisa Mayfield withdrew her claims concerning Jeremy Mayfield.

Hearing this, Oedipus curses both of his sons for not treating him well, contrasting them with his devoted daughters. He pledges allegiance with neither of his feuding sons, but with the people of Colonus, who thus far have treated him well, and further asks them for protection from Creon. Because Oedipus trespassed on the holy ground of the Eumenides, the villagers tell him that he must perform certain rites to appease them. Ismene volunteers to go perform them for him and departs, while Antigone remains with Oedipus.

The patrol, who are unaware of the fate of Kirby and his party, have nine days to get the treaty to the chief, lest a new uprising start. At the trading post is Taslik, who offers to lead the patrol to the chief. Taslik is wearing war paint that he explains is from his killing members of a rival tribe who have trespassed on his tribe's land. Unknown to the patrol, Taslik and Wanima, who is shadowing the patrol, are strongly against the peace treaty.

Sir Peter Carew, a soldier and the local Member of Parliament for Dartmouth, opposed this final addition, arguing that it trespassed on the family's house within the castle.; He seized the castle and threw out the town's officers. A law case followed, and in 1554 the town regained the property after Carew fled the county facing charges of treachery; he returned in 1556 and retook the castle. Eventually a reprieve was agreed under which the town regained control of the fortifications and the Carews continued to occupy the house.

A teenage girl, Karman Willis, was killed in Trickle Creek in an incident that occurred in 1999 when a pickup truck full of adolescents trespassed on the Trickle Creek farm. Some residents of the farm, who were camping in the path of the truck, feared for their safety, and an unidentified person shot at the truck. Ludwig called 911, explaining to the operator that shots had been fired. The subsequent police investigation suggested that the bullet hit the bottom of the truck, then ricocheted up and hit Willis in the chest.

Another reason for the decline in the buffalo was the introduction of firearms, which combined with the European settlers' demand for buffalo fur robes and pemmican allowed for unsustainable hunting practices. The Plains Cree often trespassed on Blackfoot lands in search of buffalo and blamed any deaths this incurred on the Hudson's Bay Company, whose trading conquests they felt had forced their hand. In the absence of buffalo Indigenous groups came to rely on government rations, which were administered by local Indian agents. This was a source of contention.

The Idaho-based environmental group Western Watersheds Project (WWP) and its volunteers routinely check rivers for contamination from cow manure. Environmental groups such as WWP are concerned about the bacteria E. coli in streams - typically caused by cow manure. Property owners say they need protection from trespassing snoops hunting for information - about pollution, perhaps - that could be used to harass them and harm their businesses. Wyoming ranchers and lawmakers allege the WWP has trespassed on private land to collect water quality data to support an agenda of curtailing public lands grazing.

To stop the loss of its contracts and members, Chavez launched his Plan de Flote, an initiative to regain the trust of the vegetable pickers. Chavez organized a new strike over wages, hoping that salary increases would stem the UFW's losses; the union made its wage demands in January 1979, days after its contracts had expired. Eleven lettuce growers in the Salinas and Imperial Valleys were included in the strike, which caused lettuce prices to soar. During the strike, the picketers trespassed on the Mario Saikhon company fields and attempted to drive away those still working.

The investigations focused on Juan Chivarra de la Cruz, 28, and Miguel Hernandez de la Cruz, 24, two men of Huichol heritage who were brothers-in-law. After the arrest, the two confessed, but would later recant, initially saying they had killed True for taking unauthorized photographs or that he had trespassed on Huichol lands or that he had shown disrespect to their relatives. The first of the two autopsies performed on True in Jalisco, Mexico revealed that he was strangled with his own bandanna. The autopsy further revealed signs of torture, which was inconsistent with the confession.

The appellant brought a motion in 2007 to certify a class action on behalf of all land surveyors in Ontario who registered or deposited plans of survey in the provincial land registry offices. It claimed that the respondent, who as agent of the Crown, trespassed on the copyright of the land surveyors who had generated the work. The appellant failed to convince the trial judge, failed to sway the Court of Appeal, and failed to persuade the SCC of the rightness of its cause. The judges were very concerned about the public interest, and the clear public character of the works.

The workmen consequently trespassed on the line and climbed into the train while it was being divided. Drybrook Road served as the station for Cinderford, and as the latter was one of the more important communities in the Forest, this was clearly unsatisfactory. Extension to Cinderford itself would have involved passenger trains negotiating the flat crossing of the Trafalgar Colliery Company's tramway, and the Board of Trade had evidently indicated that this would not be permitted without proper signalling safeguards. To avoid that expense, the S&WR; constructed a "drop platform" beyond Drybrook Road, alongside the Bilson branch connection.

Dixson I, 1227. Oregon's Supreme Court had, since 1931, recognized this as a privacy interest, Young wrote, and as he found little guidance in federal privacy cases beyond the instant issues of those cases, the majority looked to Oregon case law as it had interpreted Article I, Section 9, of the state constitution, the counterpart to the Fourth Amendment. Young found Katzs two-part test unhelpful and flawed: "The proper question, thus, is not what the defendant expects or whether that expectation is reasonable but whether the constitution protects the defendant." In this case, Young concluded, the deputies had trespassed on the Dixsons' land and violated their privacy.

London: Batsford and, in 1684, there was a thatched cottage between East Porth and West Porth which belonged to a Mr Nance who is reputed to have introduced kelp burning to Scilly. Kelp burning provides sodium carbonate for glass making and the practice continued in the islands until 1835. Kelp burning only produces 2-3 percent sodium carbonate and during the 19th century more efficient commercial and industrial methods ended the practice locally. Rights to areas of kelp were allocated to families and in 1787 Thomas Woodcock, his son and James Ashford (all of St Martin's) were accused of "having trespassed on his (Nance's) preserves".

This requirement already exists, and older slam-door stock such as the HST was retrofitted with a central door locking system in which a power-operated bolt, activated by the guard, prevents the doors from opening while the train is in motion; however this system is not interlocked with the driving controls. It is not clear how the system failed on this occasion; the RAIB was informed of the incident but no report appears to exist on their website. Disruption to train services was caused on 17 January 2011 when a huntsman and twenty fox-hounds trespassed on the line near the east end of the tunnel. One of the hounds was struck by a train and killed.

In 2010, Sununu joined the other four Executive Council members in voting unanimously to release Ward Bird from his mandatory three to six-year prison sentence for threatening another person with a gun. The council voted to grant a full pardon to the Moultonborough farmer, who was convicted of brandishing a gun at a woman who trespassed on his posted property in 2008. But Lynch, who has never granted a pardon during his tenure in the Corner Office, vetoed the measure, saying the judicial system had given Bird's case a thorough review and he would not undermine it. The council then immediately voted to commute Bird's sentence, and Lynch let that vote stand.

When German soldiers trespassed on the property, Magnard fired at them, killing one soldier, and they fired back before setting the house on fire. It is believed that Magnard died in the fire, although his body could not be identified in the ruins.Malcolm MacDonald, "Magnard, (Lucien Denis Gabriel) Albéric", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001). The fire destroyed all of Magnard's unpublished scores, including the orchestral score of his early opera Yolande, the orchestral score of Guercoeur (the piano reduction had been published, and the orchestral score of the second act was extant), and a more recent song cycle.

Furthermore, it was contended that this damage constituted a threat to public health and safety and the MBTA would suffer irreparable harm if the students were allowed to present; that the students converted and trespassed on MBTA property; that the students illegally profited from their activities; and that MIT itself was negligent in supervising the undergraduates and notifying the MBTA.Complaint, pp. 12–16. The MIT students retained the Electronic Frontier Foundation and Fish & Richardson to represent them and asserted that the term "transmission" in the CFAA cannot be broadly construed as any form of communication and the restraining order is a prior restraint infringing their First Amendment right to protected free speech about academic research.Response, pp. 9–17.

FCC, overturning cable television anti- siphoning rules. (Similar rules applying to over-the-air pay television were affirmed in the ruling.) The 105-page decision held that the FCC trespassed on the First Amendment rights of cable operators, pointing that cable bandwidth was not a scarce resource and therefore, was not subject to limitations affirmed in the Supreme Court's 1969 Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC ruling (which upheld equal time provisions in the Fairness Doctrine). The court applied the O'Brien test (determining the FCC had failed two of its four "prongs" or standards) and found that the degree of limitation of free speech imposed by the FCC was inadequate, "grossly overboard" and thereby "arbitrary, capricious and unconstitutional" to the rights of pay-cable telecasters.

From 1943 Switzerland stopped American and British aircraft, mainly bombers, overflying Switzerland during the Second World War. On numerous occasions during the war, Allied aircraft trespassed on Swiss airspace; mostly damaged Allied bombers returning from raids over Italy and Germany whose crews preferred internment by the Swiss to becoming prisoners of war. Over a hundred Allied aircraft crews were interned and placed in ski resorts which were left abandoned due to the lack of tourists after the outbreak of war. They were to be held in there until the war had ended.The Diplomacy of Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II At least 940 American airmen attempted to escape into France after the invasion of Normandy, but Swiss authorities intercepted 183 internees.

A few weeks later a party of mainland Aboriginal Guugu Yimithirr people made one of their habitual seasonal trips by canoe to the island, where Robert Watson had set up his household in a stone structure close to a small creek, the island's only supply of fresh water. Watson had probably also inadvertently trespassed on an indigenous ceremonial ground normally taboo to women and children. The Aboriginal people attacked Ah Sam, who suffered seven spear wounds, and Ah Leung was killed in a vegetable garden he was tending. Watson frightened off the group by firing a shotgun and then, with a small supply of food and water, put to sea in the iron sea cucumber tank, hoping to be picked up by a passing vessel.

For weeks, Undertaker revealed that his Ministry actually took orders from a "greater power" and kept talking about a higher power who apparently owned the key to McMahon's heart and soul. Undertaker and the Ministry trespassed on McMahon's property, leaving a burning crucifix resembling The Undertaker's symbol in McMahon's front yard and McMahon ordered his enforcer, Big Bossman, to face The Undertaker in a Hell in a Cell match at WrestleMania XV on March 28, which Undertaker won. After the match, The Brood lowered themselves from the rafters onto the top of the cell and then lowered a noose to Undertaker, who sent McMahon another message by hanging the Bossman from the cell. After WrestleMania XV, the mysterious woman in the storyline was revealed to be McMahon's own daughter Stephanie.

Howard received media attention for providing Harvey Weinstein with information about Rose McGowan, an actress who made a sexual harassment claim directed toward Weinstein. Howard provided this information to Weinstein at the time Weinstein was denying any harassment claims, and did so to maintain a strong working relationship with Weinstein due to "mutual business interests." Howard stated that he pursued Weinstein's request "as a courtesy" but refused to publish any material about the subject, resisting each of Weinstein's "repeated efforts" to have Howard publish favourable stories about him or unfavorable stories about his accusers. On 7 March 2018, Howard successfully sued Nine Network's 60 Minutes after they unlawfully trespassed on private property and attempted to question him about the Weinstein story in the lobby of his New York office.

Similarly, assault and violent robbery involved trespass as to the pater's property (so, for example, the rape of a slave could become the subject of compensation to the pater as having trespassed on his "property"), and breach of such laws created a vinculum juris (an obligation of law) that only the payment of monetary compensation (modern "damages") could discharge. Similarly, the consolidated Teutonic laws of the Germanic tribes, included a complex system of monetary compensations for what courts would consider the complete range of criminal offences against the person, from murder down. Even though Rome abandoned its Britannic provinces around 400 AD, the Germanic mercenarieswho had largely become instrumental in enforcing Roman rule in Britanniaacquired ownership of land there and continued to use a mixture of Roman and Teutonic Law, with much written down under the early Anglo-Saxon kings.

Olmstead v. United States the Court upheld a bootlegging conviction that relied solely on transcripts of telephone conversations that had been obtained through warrantless wiretapping of the defendants' telephone lines, an action illegal under Washington state law.Olmstead v. United States, The majority held that since the Prohibition agents had not actually trespassed on the bootleggers' property to place the wiretaps, the Fourth Amendment had not been violated, and that the language of the amendment in any event referred only to material things.Olmstead, 277 U.S. at 462–69, Taft, C.J. One of the dissenting justices, Louis Brandeis, wrote a frequently quoted opinion arguing that the Fourth Amendment protected not just those rights associated with property but "the right to be let alone", speculating that future technological advances might be yet more intrusive.Olmstead, 277 U.S. at 471, 478, Brandeis, J., dissenting.

Native Americans of the Mississippian culture inhabited the area between 850–1500 AD. Archaeologists believe that petroglyphs found at Fountain Bluff were carved sometime between 1000 and 1250 AD. Rock carvings at Fountain Bluff were mentioned as early as the late 19th century, though they did not come to widespread public attention until 1953, when a group of volunteers led by local archaeologist Irvin Peithmann trespassed on private property and cleared a trail to a rock shelter on the north end of Fountain Bluff where over 40 carvings were publicly discovered without the owner's knowledge or permission. It is believed that these carvings are related to ceremonial activities around the time of the spring equinox. Known as Painted Rock, the site has been damaged by Peithmann and vandalism since its discovery; however, most of the petroglyphs remain intact. These petroglyphs are on private property and are not open to the public.