Both are correct, especially when looked at in different timescales.
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As these timelines suggest, super-eruptions evolve over relatively long timescales.
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As Darwin pointed out many years ago, evolution requires long timescales.
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Also, all of this stuff is happening on million year timescales.
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It was more or less unique in the timescales it was probing.
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Previous SDF timescales for its war on Islamic State have proven optimistic.
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They each make sense in scenarios of wildly different I/O event timescales.
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Timescales aside, though, it didn't take long before the casting had been decided.
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At the moment, the (UK) government is making unrealistic demands within unfeasible timescales.
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They repeatedly describe change on the timescales they are looking at as "irreversible".
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Large areas of Enceladus' surface are characterized by youthful (on geologic timescales), wrinkled terrains.
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That may seem like a small amount, but on cosmic timescales, it adds up.
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"Over geological timescales, heavier deposits end up rising, while lighter ones sink," he continued.
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On longer timescales, oxygen is slowly eaten up by the weathering of silicate rocks.
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" Duffy was nonplussed, answering, "I'm pretty sure that on human timescales, those are minuscule effects.
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Similarly, evolution and natural selection write over the initial mutations that appear over short timescales.
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Until a few years ago, change in this sport could be measured on geological timescales.
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The past is filled with examples of human knowledge being erased through various methods and timescales.
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When looking out east from the walls of the Kremlin, different rules and timescales will apply.
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"It's hard not to get discouraged or cynical by the timescales involved with fusion," Cuneo said.
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Even over shorter timescales than these, the impact of exchange-rate movements on inflation can change.
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This follows from the inevitable mass exchanges that take place over astronomical timescales between neighboring bodies.
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"In the global cooling we studied, we're talking about timescales of millions of years," Heck said.
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But right now, on timescales that matter to people, it is people who will decide its fate.
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Most of us deal with timescales ranging from years to seconds, which don't require incredibly accurate clocks.
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Therefore, it will encourage customers to acquire a wider variety of handbags and exchange them on shorter timescales.
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Forecast models are typically evaluated by their forecast skill at different timescales, including three, four, and five days.
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These changes, monitored over a four-year period, were recorded across timescales of tens to hundreds of days.
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Now really the aim is to even lower this down to the minutes timescales from the explosions themselves.
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But some scientists have wondered if AGNs may have beneficial effects on habitability over longer distances and timescales.
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Therefore, if the molecular clock hypothesis holds true, this hypothesis serves as an extremely useful method for estimating evolutionary timescales.
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The NAO can vary on timescales of several days to weeks, making it difficult to tease out statistically significant trends.
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This process only takes about 1,000 years, but larger timescales are required to build considerably bigger objects, and eventually planets.
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The cosmologist Stephen Hawking recently suggested that civilization is at a critical juncture in its short—on geological timescales—career.
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Over geological timescales (ie, millions of years) carbon dioxide is removed from the air by exactly this sort of weathering.
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The cosmologist Stephen Hawking recently suggested that civilization is at a critical juncture in its short—on geological timescales—career.
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Going forward, the researchers want to create longer timescales of climate reconstruction to have a bigger picture of climate change.
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Cuthbert and his colleagues mapped out the global groundwater supply and modeled regional responses to climate change over various timescales.
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Humans are creating existential problems for our species and planet that manifest on timescales of hundreds or thousands of years.
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It is this cycle, which acts on million-year timescales, that helps keep Earth's temperature stable enough to support life.
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As Nadia Drake writes for National Geographic, it's a process that occurs on incredibly slow timescales, thousands of years or so.
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Each market is subject to its own feedback mechanisms, operating at different speeds and timescales, with constantly changing supply and demand.
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The bottom line: Electricity prices change every few minutes, but decisions about power plant construction are made on multi-decade timescales.
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Climate change happens on the scale of decades or centuries; real estate development and politics happen on fiscal and electoral timescales.
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"The reality is that we just don't know what the stars are doing at these frequencies, on these timescales," she said.
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Right now is definitely not a whole year, it's not a day, and not an hour—these timescales are too long.
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"Each type of impact has different effects, causing damage at timescales varying from days to decades, or even centuries," said Hollesan.
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"For timescales longer than a few years, CCDs fail completely, and we can only use old archival sky photographs," Schaefer said.
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They can also boost global average temperatures, adding to the influence of human-caused global warming, which acts on far longer timescales.
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The models were more tightly clustered at 12- and 24-hour timescales, but with the European model still coming out on top.
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Why it matters: The findings mean that the mechanisms behind super-volcanic eruptions might take place on human timescales — maybe only decades.
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A recent historical analysis of Tabby's Star showed that changes to the object's overall brightness are on timescales lasting for years to centuries.
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Subsequent studies over the next half century found similar effects—organisms appeared to evolve more quickly when biologists tracked them over shorter timescales.
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These timescales are far longer than your minuscule lifespan, but given our 13 billion-year-old galaxy, they're shorter than a cosmic heartbeat.
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This is an ongoing challenge for the simple reason that the processes involved typically evolve at timescales much longer than a human lifespan.
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But over timescales of more than 1300 years, there are in fact still strings of eclipses separated from each other by one saros.
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Trump's proposed NASA budget kept Mars funding intact, and political willpower goes a long way in shrinking the notoriously long timescales for spaceflight.
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"If the ice sheet was going to retreat very slowly on long timescales, we'd just expect to see the usual calving," Howat said.
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Video: NASA/YouTube In fact, the last such event was just 2.6 million years ago, a drop in the bucket on evolutionary timescales.
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"This white dwarf is so old that whatever process is feeding material into its rings must operate on billion-year timescales," Debes said.
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And even without such external "forcings", the internal dynamics of the climate will shift heat between the oceans and atmosphere over various timescales.
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Some of these factors are themselves more or less related to oil prices, at different timescales, which makes the analysis even more complicated.
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Neves and his colleagues measured the maximum temperatures that the tardigrades could withstand in active and tun states, on both short and long timescales.
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This study likely doesn't have huge implications on evolutionary timescales where maternal inheritance remains "absolutely dominant," the authors write—it's an exception to a rule.
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"No set timescales for this coming to a conclusion but we remain committed to carrying out a thorough investigation as soon as possible," Hughes said.
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If developed, they will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever before, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend.
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What's more, thanks to neighboring Jupiter's immense gravitational tug, Mars' orbit becomes very stretched out, or eccentric, on timescales of about half a million years.
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If the carbon cycle is disrupted over long timescales, extinctions follow, but only if the rate of change is faster than an ecosystem can adapt.
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During this time, a planet like Jupiter would have grown quickly, and rather suddenly (on cosmic timescales) exerted lots of gravity on the surrounding planets.
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"We weren't sure how strong the overturning was in the North Atlantic, or how much it varied on timescales of months to years," says Holliday.
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Other uses include everything from industrial machining, via new types of particle accelerator, to the ability to probe the behaviour of matter on ultra-short timescales.
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"If the timescales are large enough, we could have real chances to detect them in the near and middle future," the researchers wrote in the study.
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For a little more perspective on the timescales involved here, 80,000 years ago on Earth the first homo sapiens were spreading out of Africa into Asia.
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Given the timescales involved and the limited resources within this small organisation, bringing the services in-house at very short notice was not a viable option.
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For a moment, I caught a glimpse of the vast timescales that geologists inhabit: Millions of years from now, the Pacific Ocean could come roaring through.
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"We are talking about very different timescales," said Simon Müller, study co-author and University of Zürich doctoral student who ran the simulations of Jupiter's evolution.
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The mechanics work metaphorically with the broader plot to deliver a product that connects geologic timescales up with the intimate finitude of a few human lives.
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Still, the study estimates an Earth system sensitivity of 9 degrees Celsius, or 16.2 degrees Fahrenheit, per a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over millennium timescales.
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"Once developed, they will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend," the letter states.
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Lightning Ridge is famous for its opal gemstones, which form underground over long timescales from a solution of silicon dioxide and water (more about the process here).
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"In order to see something that happens on timescales of minutes, like a shock breakout, you want to have a camera continuously monitoring the sky," he said.
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"Timescales provide us with coordinates for the position of events in time, much like a coordinate system does for the positioning in space," the Optica paper notes.
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Furthermore, they represent fundamental characteristics of the universe that are not expected to change (at least on the sorts of earthly timescales likely to concern the human race).
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Land plants changed our planet forever, contributing to the chemical weathering of rocks—an important element of the carbon cycle involved in regulating Earth's atmosphere across long timescales.
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"Once developed, [autonomous weapons] will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend," write the signatories.
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Due to the timescales involved when handling nuclear waste, designing deep geological repositories like WIPP is one of the most challenging engineering problems ever faced by our species.
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The GTOC X entries saw their settlers sweep across the galaxy over timescales no longer than 90 million years—a scant 0.67 percent the age of the galaxy.
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"All the necessary notices were issued to the appropriate authorities in a timely manner and well within the required timescales," the spokesman said, while declining to give specifics.
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Instanda – A management tool that empowers insurers, brokers and MGAs to build and launch any insurance product within unprecedented timescales, and then distribute and selfmanage it online, globally.
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Climate change will also interfere with the remaining aquifers on timescales longer than a century, said the authors, led by Mark Cuthbert, a groundwater expert at Cardiff University.
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Celestial bodies are known to orbit on regular timescales, so a pair of objects — like a star and a black hole — could account for the 16-day pattern.
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Inflexible, always-on nuclear, the idea goes, is ill-suited for a world where wind and solar output vary on timescales ranging from seconds to hours to seasons.
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These timescales make the assumption that The United Kingdom triggers the Article 50 process in March next year, as has previously been suggested by U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May.
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The team suggests that it could be used to measure the timescales of laser pulses with high degrees of accuracy, enabling it to provide more precise laser distance ranging.
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While black holes with companion stars often eject plasma from their poles, this marks the first time astronomers have witnessed jets shot in many different directions on short timescales.
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According to a 225 article in Nature, we could be approaching a sudden, irreversible, catastrophic collapse of the global ecosystem that unfolds on timescales of a decade or so.
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This article originally appeared on VICE UK.Amazon has no shortage of futuristic plans for home delivery, experimenting with driverless cars and drones to deliver packages in ever-diminishing timescales.
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If you used a high-speed camera rig to capture 240fps, then played that footage back at 30fps, the difference in timescales would give you the slow-motion effect.
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"The timescales are short and I think that's unique and I think that's interesting to see the NIC talking about security risks already underway," Femia said of the intelligence report.
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And then on the other side of that, a lot of the things they do as a collective happen over longer timescales that you can't just sit down and watch.
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In some rare cases, melanin (a pigment that gives color to skin) manages to retain its organic nature over long timescales, revealing dull pigments of browns, blacks, and muddy reds.
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Now that we're on the cusp, in space mission timescales, of sending a human to Mars, Balint believes that mission architects need to start catering to astronauts' higher psychological needs.
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But this reveals yet another failing in the way most of us are talking about the melting of the world's ice: We must force ourselves to think on bigger timescales.
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And while the user can see the way ice caps change across centuries, the overall timescales depicted are too large to be able to capture humanity's impact on the planet.
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After traversing extreme distances and timescales to reach us, the tiny signal is all but drowned out by louder interference from galaxies, stars, nebulae, and radio-emitting gadgets on Earth.
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Insect Allies seeks to mitigate the impact of these incursions by applying targeted therapies to mature plants with effects that are expressed at relevant timescales—namely, within a single growing season.
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Per Bak, the Danish physicist who died in 2002, first proposed power laws as hallmarks of all kinds of complex dynamical systems that can organize over large timescales and long distances.
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Governments have firmly and repeatedly rejected any formal writedown of their holdings of Greek debt, leaving them to look at other options, such as longer grace periods and extended payment timescales.
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Uber also spent a reported $3 billion last year, too, and a lot of its ambitions, including self-driving, have payoffs on timescales that likely extend out multiple decades from now.
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"Deep microbes are often very different from their surface cousins, with life cycles on near-geologic timescales, dining in some cases on nothing more than energy from rocks," the report says.
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"Accurately quantifying this kind of information on business-relevant timescales will help businesses plan for their increased exposure to heatwaves and other climate-related risks," the researchers said in a statement.
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Climate change is arguably the most important challenge ever faced by our species, but the magnitude of the problem and timescales involved can make it difficult to conceptualize in human terms.
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The breakthrough means scientists now have the means to store and study samples of the human brain over longer timescales—but the method could eventually, maybe, be used to resurrect the dead.
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While it doesn't explicitly refer to timescales, the news suggests that Moore's Law—which states that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles every two years—is stuttering at Intel.
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"Pluto has really extreme seasons, and volatile ices migrate around the surface on seasonal timescales," Keane explained, adding that topographic depressions like Sputnik Planitia are cold traps, encouraging ices to settle out.
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To give you an idea of the timescales in which the car industry works, consider this: Toyota started development on its FCEV technology in 245 and started selling the Toyota Mirai in 2000.
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The invention of such high-speed travel would unlock exploration of the entire Milky Way on relatively short timescales, enabling the sails to zip across the galaxy within tens of thousands of years.
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"We are changing the planet on timescales of a 1,000, 10,000 or even 100,000 years and we're completely incapable of psychologically appreciating the power that we have," Keats told me on the phone.
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Unfortunately, there was an unexpected delay in the award of this contract, which occurred so suddenly and unexpectedly that it left a cash flow issue that was impossible to solve in the required timescales.
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At the same time, tanks and bridges—and highways and deep-space arrays and long-range bombers—are planned in timescales of decades to meet not just buyers' current needs but future ones, too.
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Mróz's team statistically analyzed the distribution of these timescales, and found that six of the events were shorter than half a day, indicating they are likely planets that are roughly as massive as Earth.
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This, I came to understand from my trip with Faulds, is what geologists do best—flitting effortlessly between different timescales, combining fieldwork, philosophy, and math into what Bjornerud calls a "polytemporal" vision of Earth.
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Indeed, it is expected that a star in the last stages of using up all of its stellar fuel will undergo changes and the timescale for stellar evolution is much longer than human timescales.
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Aside from the fact that these massive, light-trapping monsters are impossible to reach on human timescales, there are simply not many ways to measure the plasma surrounding them without dying or destroying the experiment.
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Due to the timescales involved in climate change, its effects are difficult for humans to see on a day-to-day basis, but it will be clear enough in the annual record of the trees.
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Data from Gaia was pulled from a 22-month period, while data from Hubble was recorded over a 10-year span, allowing the astronomers to see the movements of these objects across reasonably large timescales.
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"To conflate El Nino (which is a climate fluctuation that occurs on timescales of a few years) with climate change (which describes trends over decades) is the last refuge of the climate change confusionist," he added.
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Proving quantum supremacy requires verifying that a classical computer can't do the problem on similar timescales, or that there isn't a way to do these calculations on classical computers that scientists just haven't thought of yet.
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That said, some scientists also think these stars quiet down in their later years, possibly allowing life to develop on longer timescales if the world's atmosphere and magnetic field survive through the star's early, turbulence years.
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While Pruitt and other proponents of counting wood-derived bioenergy as carbon neutral are right that trees grow back, and can become net absorbers, or "sinks," of carbon again, the problem involves a mismatch in timescales.
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The new finding, published on Friday in Geology, confirms that these flood features, called outlet canyons, were formed on very short timescales, and were a major geological force in Mars' first billion years as a planet.
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While methane has a unit for unit GWP that's about 30 times that of CO2 on 100 year timescales, CO2 is still the dominant greenhosue gas in our atmosphere because there is so much more of it.
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"From all these landed and satellite missions over the last decade, we know Mars had a lot more water in the atmosphere and the surface at least on short timescales in its early history," Johnson told me.
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"What we expect to deliver and the related timescales could change as our detailed policy thinking develops, as the legislation moves through parliament, or as a result of the on-going negotiation with the EU," it said.
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"Recent studies have shown that their distribution and local abundance has also increased over similar timescales to those used in our study, so we would expect them to play their part in a future greening," says Amesbury.
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If not, we still have the problem that matter is likely unstable due to proton decay on timescales larger than 10^36 years—one day there is not going to be anything for humans to be made of.
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"In order to see something that happens on timescales of minutes, like a shock breakout, you want to have a camera continuously monitoring the sky," Peter Garnavich, one of the scientists involved in the research, said in a statement.
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"If we transmitted a radio signal to this exoplanet today, we might get a reply back from tech-savvy aliens in the Wolf 1061 system as early as 2045—a mere blink of the eye on astronomical timescales," Vakoch said.
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These are timescales far beyond human comprehension—think of the amount of time it would take to walk across the universe at its present size, if you had to stop and count every atom in the universe after each step.
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In his new 15-minute video, The Shadow Peace, Halloran uses inverted population pyramids to show how global population figures and death rates are tracked over long timescales, and how these pyramids sometimes "spike" during calamitous events, such as WWII.
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The group warned the UN's Convention on Conventional Weapons review conference that "Once developed, lethal autonomous weapons will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend," the Guardian reported.
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It was generated in a relatively small amount of time—that is, at web app timescales—from my own horrible trackpad doodle of a cat by a variation of a technique that's now at the forefront of machine learning generation.
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This follows moves by the Home Office to crank up the pressure on tech platforms to remove extremist content from their platforms — with the UK government also leading a push to radically shrink average timescales for extremist content to be deleted.
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They found that the aluminous tobermorite formed within pumice particles and pores in the cementing mix, but because it's not possible to recreate this effect over short timescales without high heat, the researchers figured something else had to be responsible.
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Because of the timescales we're talking about, it's too early to say who is painting a more accurate picture of the future: The United States will either move to an energy grid that's fully powered by renewables, or it won't.
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But it just so happens that Middle Paleolithic culture appeared at roughly the same time in Africa, Europe, and South Asia, a development that suggests archaic humans did in fact interact with each other during the course of these timescales.
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Humans Will Never Colonize MarsThe suggestion that humans will soon set up bustling, long-lasting colonies on Mars is something…Read more ReadBut even if it does work, the timescales involved should discourage even the most optimistic would-be Martian colonists.
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"The closer we get to the comet, the more influence its non-uniform gravity will have, requiring us to have more control on the trajectory, and therefore more manoeuvres—our planning cycles will have to be executed on much shorter timescales," Lodiot said.
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"The work I did before arrival suggested that if Ceres is ice rich, the craters should become relatively flattened over short timescales," Bland said, explaining how the slow migration of subsurface ice would uplift the crater floors, causing them to become shallow.
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For the past decade, a group of researchers in California, Oregon and Washington have been obsessing over timescales on the order of seconds: They've been developing a system called ShakeAlert that promises to warn people in the crucial moments before an earthquake hits.
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"When I learned about how the Earth's spin axis moved over geological timescales, I wondered whether it should be the same for exoplanets," Jérémy Leconte, researcher at the University of Bordeaux, told GizmodoLeconte's research explores how tidally locked stars could experience true polar wander.
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"Our results also show that amino acids, although heavily reduced in concentration, would persist at detectable levels ... over 10 million year timescales at 10 centimeter depths even in the harshest radiation environments on the surface of Europa," the researchers write in the paper, published today in Nature Astronomy.
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It's kind of a way of having your cloud cake and eating it too for industrial real-time systems that depend on having data ready at shorter timescales than can be provided by distant data centers, but that would still benefit from the fragmentation and distribution of stored data.
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We may make progress on entropy-aware AI in a way that leads many of us to think that we've got unintended AI consequences covered, and we won't then pay attention to the possibility of other unintended effects that are much more complex and play out over longer timescales.
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"The fact that the wind was different [when the ghost dunes formed] tells us that the environmental conditions on Mars aren&apost static over long timescales, they have changed over the past couple billion years, something we need to know to interpret the geology on Mars," Day added in the statement.
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"Human cognition has evolved to meet this challenge, as exemplified by our ability to form and follow plans over multiple timescales, for example when finding an efficient route to run a series of errands, or envisaging a future career path and taking steps toward its fulfillment," the Deepmind researchers write.
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"We have carefully reviewed the bids and updates received as part of the ongoing 2022 Candidate City Process and have agreed - noting the challenging timescales and no fully compliant bid - that further time should be given to all interested parties to enable the submission of fully compliant proposals," Martin said in a statement.
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" Discussing how those still relatively lengthy timescales can work for traditional tech investors, Evans says: "We will be able to see critical milestones at the end of 2019 — in other words we'll have phase II data from our flu product, and we will have phase II data from our prostate cancer vaccines.
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It then judges them against four criteria for feasibility: (1) consistency with mainstream energy-demand forecasts; (2) simulating supply to meet demand reliably at hourly, half-hourly, and five-minute timescales, with resilience to extreme climate events; (3) identifying necessary transmission and distribution requirements; and (53) maintaining the provision of essential ancillary services.
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Some 300 years of tree ring samples taken in both places show that the jet stream has become far more variable in the last six decades and more extreme in its positions, which results in more severe climate events and a more rapid shifting between extremes on yearly, monthly, and weekly timescales.
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Developed by three scientists at the Santa Fe Institute, a nonprofit research organization specializing in complex adaptive systems, the new nutritional state-structured model (NSM) describes the timescales involved when an organism switches from being a 'full' animal capable of reproduction, to a starving animal focused on self-maintenance as a function of resource availability.
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Image: EarthFix/FlickrWhile eyesores like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch offer striking evidence of our trash problem, the big technofossil beds of the future will come in the form of landfills, according to a recent paper in the journal Anthropocene:Over geological timescales, the plastics buried in landfill sites may be in part a 'time-bomb' of plastic release.
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It's hard not to be impressed by what's involved in planning on the timescales involved: scientists have modelled what could happen over the next million years, ensuring the DGR would withstand the weight of future glaciers that will one day again settle over the landscape of Ontario, as they did in past Ice Ages, Jensen told me.
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The sentence I just quoted implies pretty strongly that, in the presence of efficient (or for that matter inefficient) large-scale capture and storage of airborne carbon, carbon emissions that have already occurred or will occur in the near future might not result in a commitment to climate change that is irreversible on timescales of centuries to millennia and longer.
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These rules allow a study to designate several different outcome measures, including effectiveness measures on different timescales rather than at a single time, to add additional outcome measures based on new hypotheses (which might dictate a change in target or differences in device placement), and to identify and evaluate the characteristics of any subsets of the trial population that are responding particularly well.
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I/O generally happens at much slower timescales, which means that a programmer has to make the decision as to whether or not a program is just going to hang there and wait for the I/O operation to complete (which could be fetching some data from a hard-drive or keyboard input) or if it's going to continue on and handle the completing I/O op somewhere further along in the program's execution stream.
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Throw in the omnipresent pressures of Brexit — to cut costs and engineer all sorts of complex feats within ludicrously tiny timescales, such as conjuring an automagical technology-powered non-hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (as has been suggested as one possible solution for that particular Brexit conundrum) — and it's not hard to see why ministers might be in an unseemly haste to feed public sector data-sets to any technologist who claims they can engineer a solution.
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