257 Sentences With "thatching" | Random Sentence Generator

They included one of the few North American specialists in roof thatching.

The construction of the marine safari camp incorporated 2200-D sand printing, along with traditional weaving, thatching and textile work.

Every stalk of the roof thatching was in perfect order, and the straw kept its fresh yellow lustre for six months or more.

There are also culturally significant canoe plants in and outside the Conservatory — like palms, used for thatching, and taro, a foodstuff — brought by Polynesian settlers roughly 1,500 years ago.

"But this roof leaks," he said, pointing to the palm-leaf thatching overhead; perhaps, he suggested, some of the villagers might volunteer to collect palm fronds to patch it.

The KGA is encouraging farmers to grow on their land the trees they may need to rebuild their homes after a disaster – varieties that produce strong timber for housing posts, and sago palms to provide thatching.

A pressing question lies at the heart of this exploration of pottery-making, yarn-spinning, hedge-pleaching, roof-thatching, plowing with oxen, and other traditional crafts: Was it wise of us to abandon skills honed over millennia?

It liberates us into the present, just as a disaster does, and gives us the opportunity to expand those boundaries the only way we can: laterally, by connecting our lives to the lives of others, by thatching our lines together like a net.

There are many workshops, including woodcraft, African drumming, jewellery making, thatching, poetry and singing.

Reed is used in many areas for thatching roofs. In the British Isles, common reed used for this purpose is known as Norfolk reed or water reed. However "wheat reed" and "Devon reed", also used for thatching, are not in fact reed, but long-stemmed wheat straw.

In 1978, the independent Timeform organisation gave Thatching a rating of 98, thirty-five pounds below their top-rated three-year-old Ile de Bourbon. In the following year, Thatching was rated 131 by Timeform and rated the best sprinter of the year. In the official International Classification Thatching was rated the second-best older horse in Europe and the fifth best horse of any age after Three Troikas, Troy, Ile de Bourbon and Le Marmot.

This restio is widely cultivated both for its usefulness as a thatching material as its name shows.

They are extensively used in many applications, mainly for making bridges and for ladders. Leaves are used for thatching.

E. tectorum is found in marshes and seeps on deep sand in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape of South Africa. The species was originally noted by Carl Linnaeus the Younger. In 1838, E. tectorum was noted by Irish botanist William Henry Harvey (as R. Tectorum) for its use as a thatching material, and in the making of brooms and baskets. Historically, only the taller forms of the species, growing in the surroundings of Malmesbury, was used for thatching; the more popular thatching reed was Thamnochortus insignis.

In Indonesia, strips of the black bamboo are used to make window blinds and the leaves are used for thatching.

She never looked likely to win and was eased down by Mercer in the closing stages, finishing unplaced behind Thatching.

A man in Germany thatching a roof using reeds Phragmites australis, the common reed, is used in many areas for thatching roofs. In the United Kingdom, common reed used for this purpose is known as "Norfolk reed" or "water reed". However, "wheat reed" and "Devon reed" are not reeds but long-stemmed wheat straw.

Before the vineyards were destroyed by downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola in the 19th century, the farmers from the neighboring villages cultivated grapes in Kočki Vrh. In the late 20th century, many of the houses were still wooden with thatched roofs. The traditional rye thatching was replaced by lower-quality wheat thatching because of poor rye yields.

Makuti is thatching made from the sun-dried leaves of the coconut palm Cocos nucifera. It is widely used across East Africa.

Rokowai's wife Kororava was from the Vunimoli clan of Waidracia village. Rokowai had five sons: Rokotokalau, Rorairuku, Rotabuwaiwai, Rocaginidaveta( no issue) and Iranaqarikau. Clan legend also narrates, that Rokowai's manna was manifested when a fire burnt only the thatching of his great bure without destroying its wooden framed structure. The Clans founding ancestor's yavu was thus bestowed the name Nakamarusi or "burnt thatching".

A Japanese bloodgrass cultivar, Imperata cylindrica 'Red Baron', grown as an ornamental It is used for thatching the roofs of traditional homes throughout south-east Asia. Imperata cylindrica seeds It is planted extensively for ground cover and soil stabilization near beach areas and other areas subject to erosion. Other uses include paper- making, thatching and weaving into mats and bags. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Hyparrhenia filipendula is a species of perennial bunchgrass commonly known as Tambookie grass, fine thatching grass, and fine hood grass. It grows to a height of .

The stems are used as materials for roof thatching and for making households products such as baskets, mats and brooms. Less known for use as grazing fodder.

Ochlandra stridula are used in make wattle-and-daub walls and fences. They are woven into mats, window blinds, screens and partitions. Leaves are used for thatching.

Residents use the reeds for thatching and other domestic purposes. Further from the river, much of the lower river valley consists of grassland, heavily grazed by cattle.

It is widely used as a material for thatching houses. The seeds are also used as vegetable ivory, and in French they are called ' (literally: "ivory nuts").

After settling in, the ticket-of-leave holders were put to work building straw huts to accommodate the expected arrival of the Pensioner Guards. The straw or rush huts were A-framed in shape and were erected using bush poles and had thatching that reached to the ground. Brushwood, grass tree needles and dry rushes were commonly used for thatching. At one end a canvas drape served as a door.

Large irrigated lands have been established in Addi Idaga. The youngsters of the tabia have established wide grasslands on mountain ridges; the grass is mainly sold for thatching.

Excavation of the thatch at Moirlanich Longhouse Section through the thatch at Moirlanich Longhouse Some thatched roofs in the UK are extremely old and preserve evidence of traditional materials and methods that had long been lost. In northern Britain this evidence is often preserved beneath corrugated sheet materials and frequently comes to light during the development of smaller rural properties. Historic Scotland have funded several research projects into thatching techniques and these have revealed a wide range of materials including broom, heather, rushes, cereals, bracken, turf and clay and highlighted significant regional variationWalker, B, McGregor, C.& Stark, G 1996 Thatches and Thatching Techniques: A guide to conserving Scottish Thatching Traditions. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland Technical Advice Note 4.

Thatching was left behind at the start but recovered to take the lead inside the final furlong, and despite veering to the left in the closing stages he won decisively from Persepolis and the Ayr Gold Cup winner Vaigly Great. Later in the month, Thatching started favourite for the Temple Stakes over five furlongs at Sandown Park Racecourse but finished fifth behind Double Form after hanging badly again in the final quarter mile. O'Brien was extremely disappointed with the performance, as the colt had been performing impressively in training. For his next race, the Group Three Cork and Orrery Stakes at Royal Ascot in June, Thatching was equipped with blinkers for the first time.

This tall grass can be used as thatching, as straw, and as pulp for making paper. In East Africa it is planted as a border grass to prevent erosion.

Large parts of the area were used for peat production until the Second World War. Since then a part of the area has been used for thatching reed production.

The month of April is called xnoois ihaat iizax, literally "the month when the eelgrass seed is mature". Zostera has also been used as packing material and as stuffing for mattresses and cushions. On the Danish island of Læsø it has been used for thatching roofs. Roofs of eelgrass are said to be heavy, but also much longer-lasting and easier to thatch and maintain than roofs done with more conventional thatching material.

Roots, seeds and fruits are reportedly edible. Wood of fire-killed trees may be used as thatching material and in some areas trees are cut and used for charcoal production.

They are used for making house frames, rafters, tent poles, concrete reinforcement, walls, scaffolding, and fences. The leaves are used for thatching. Used by the British army in India for making lance shafts.

Saccharum munja along a river bank Saccharum munja is used as a raw material for thatching roofs. It is used for making baskets. The plant has medicinal value. Its fibre is used for making ropes.

Nyumbu meaning a type of swamp reed. 131\. Nyundu meaning otter. 132\. Thakulo (Sakulo) meaning a kind of grass used for thatching. 133\. Theke (Seke) meaning white maize meal used for offerings to ancestral spirits. 134\.

62, after Maw., „Torfkahnschuppen erhielt ein neues Reetdach“, in: Osterholzer Anzeiger, 26 June 1991, page unknown. In 2015 the roof needed a new thatching for approximately € 10,000. The club members added a draw well in 1980.

People have long used this plant species as roof thatching in some areas. It has been used as fertilizer and cattle fodder in Norway for centuries.Alm, T. (2003). On the uses of Zostera marina, mainly in Norway.

Thatched houses are harder to insure because of the perceived fire risk, and because thatching is labor-intensive, it is much more expensive to thatch a roof than to cover it with slate or tiles. Birds can damage a roof while they are foraging for grubs, and rodents are attracted by residual grain in straw. Thatched hut in Lesotho. Thatch has fallen out of favor in much of the industrialized world not because of fire, but because thatching has become very expensive and alternative 'hard' materials are cheaper—but this situation is slowly changing.

Factors affecting germination of Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta). Weed Science 56:4 543-48. In South Africa, where it is native, it is very common and one of the most widely used thatching grasses.PlantZAfrica.comBussmann, R. W., et al. (2006).

Native Hawaiians used the soft, greenish wood of aiea to make pale (gunwales) for waa (outrigger canoes) and aho (thatching sticks).The reddish yellow berries were sometimes eaten, while the bark and leaves were used for (unspecified) medicinal purposes.

Barandabhar forest is very important for short grassland, which is mainly dominated by Siru (Imperata sps.). It is the most important grass for human beings called as Siru Khar in Nepali, which is used by local people for thatching.

Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. / Fossilized pollen belonging to these plants has been recovered in the lower and middle Miocene deposits in Sarawak. The name is from two Greek words meaning "good" and "roof", due to their common use in roof thatching.

Thatching began his four-year-old season in the Group Three Earl of Sefton Stakes over nine furlongs at Newmarket in which he finished fifth behind his owner's more fancied runner Hawaiian Sound. After being exposed as some way behind the best at longer distances, Thatching was then campaigned over sprint distances and showed much improved form. In May he contested the Group Three over six furlongs at York Racecourse and started at odds of 17/2. Owing to a strike by employees of Racecourse Technical Services the starting stalls were not available and the race had to be started by flag.

DEFA notes that eight of the registered buildings have thatched roofs. Thatching in the Isle of Man include a group of thatched houses at Cregneash Folk Museum. which are not Registered Buildings. DEFA notes that ten are designed by noted architect Baillie Scott.

Karagumoy leaves and fibers are widely utilized in the Philippines in weaving mats, baskets, hats, and other traditional woven products. They are also used to make ropes or thatching. They are cultivated in farms. Mature leaves are harvested once every three months.

Retrieved 12-2-2011. Humans can eat the plant. Native American groups have eaten the fruit, used the stalks as a vegetable, and ground the seeds into flour for bread. The plant has also been used for thatching, mats, basketry, brushes, rope, and cooking tools.

Formica obscuripes (the western thatching ant) is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. It is native to North America. It produces large mounds covered by small pieces of plant material. The number of adult workers per colony may be as high as 40,000.

Later in the month, Thatching was moved up in distance for the Sussex Stakes over one mile at Goodwood Racecourse but failed to stay and finished unplaced behind Kris. The colt then returned to sprinting for the William Hill Sprint Championship over five furlongs at York. He took the lead just after half way but veered to the left, causing interference to several other runners before crossing the line two and a half lengths clear of Ahonoora with Abdu third and Double Form in fourth. Following an inquiry by the racecourse stewards, however, Thatching was disqualified and relegated to last place, whilst Piggott received a four-day suspension for his ride.

The Cotocollao lived on farming, cultivating corn, beans, quinoa, potatoes and Lupin beans. They also hunted deer, rabbit, guanta, puma, wolf, guinea pig and doves. They lived in small villages of rectangular huts of lath and mud with straw thatching. They wore clothing woven from cotton.

Local cottage industries included blacksmiths, butchers, thatching, basket weaving, skinning and tanning. Weaving was popular, using linen and wool. Merchants traded in corn and badgers bought and sold local produce. Although the local gentry supported the Royalists, the English Civil War had little effect on the area.

Though water is plenty, it is rarely utilised for agriculture.The masonry here in Malkhed is basically stone masonry and the thatching of the roofs are done by square blocks of stone which are placed in a slanting way so that the rain water gets easily drained off.

In India, the woven coconut leaves are used to build wedding marquees, especially in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The leaves are used for thatching houses, or for decorating climbing frames and meeting rooms in Cambodia, where the plant is known as dôô:ng.

The Mossel Bay pincushion is considered vulnerable because it is under thread by alien Hakea species, habitat destruction by agricultural development and the growing and harvesting of large Restionaceae for thatching reeds. It is estimated that the population size has decreased by about 30% over the last decades.

The International Classification rated him five pounds inferior to Thatching and eight pounds behind Ile de Bourbon, making him the ninth-best older horse in Europe. In the Gilbey Champion Racehorses awards, based on points awarded for performances in major races, Double Form was named Champion Sprinter of 1979.

Thatching materials range from plains grasses to waterproof leaves found in equatorial regions. It is the most common roofing material in the world, because the materials are readily available. Farm-house in the Netherlands near Alkmaar. The combination of thatch and roof tiles is quite common in that area.

The badge consisted of a dagger with three diagonal lightning bolts in red across it. A subdued version was produced for wear on nutria (brown's) uniforms. With the introduction of camouflage, a new version was produced on green thatching. This knife point always faced the heart of the wearer.

Pandanus simplex is an economically important species of Pandanus (screwpine) endemic to the Philippines. It is commonly known as karagumoy (also spelled karagomoy or karagomoi) or kalagimay. Its leaves and fibers are used widely in the Philippines for thatching, ropes, and weaving various traditional handicrafts like baskets and mats.

The Gharami are a Hindu caste found in Uttar Pradesh, India. Their traditional occupation was thatching and lattice work. Their customs are similar to other North Indian Hindus. In Uttar Pradesh, they have been granted Scheduled Caste status and at the 2011 Census of India numbered 37 people in 12 households.

The leaves are used for the thatching of roofs and wrapping food. Overharvesting of the leaves of plants causes a reduction in leaf size. The leaves do grow faster after harvest but tend to be smaller. The foliage of the Saribus rotundifolius is the unofficial national leaf of the Philippines.

Hyparrhenia rufa is a species of grass known by the common names jaragua,Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf. FAO. jaragua grass, and giant thatching grass. It is native to Africa and it is widespread in the world as a cultivated forage and fodder for livestock and a naturalized and sometimes invasive species.

Marantochloa purpurea is a species of plant in the family Marantaceae. It is found in tropical Africa, where its natural habitat is moist lowland forest. The leaf stems are used for various purposes including making string, baskets, mats and traps and the leaves are used for thatching, and for wrapping objects.

A house with atap roof and walls. Image:Tropenmuseum Detail of atap roof thatching. An attap dwelling is traditional housing found in the kampongs of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Named after the attap palm, which provides the wattle for the walls, and the leaves with which their roofs are thatched,Normand-Prunieres, p.

The supposed species H. aurotaenialis is included here pending further study. The caterpillars feed on dry vegetable matter. They have been found in haystacks or thatching, as well as in chicken (Gallus) and magpie (Pica) nests.Grabe (1942) The caterpillar is injurious to clover hay, and to other hay when mixed with clover.

It is used by other bird species, such as the brown noddy (Anous stolidus), wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus), and red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda). This plant was used as thatching by Native Hawaiians. It is also used as an ornamental grass. This grass is displaced by the introduced weed sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus).

Thatch had some success as a breeding stallion, siring good winners over a variety of distances including Thatching, Achieved, Final Straw (four Group race wins including the Champagne Stakes), Tommy Way (Derby Italiano, Gran Premio di Milano) and Shulich (Gran Premio di Milano). He was also the damsire of the 1986 Epsom Derby winner Shahrastani.

Hyparrhenia hirta is a species of grass known by the common names common thatching grass and Coolatai grass. It is native to much of Africa and Eurasia, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species. In eastern Australia it is a tenacious noxious weed.New South Wales FloraChejara, V.K., et al. (2008).

The Māori used the toetoe leaves to make baskets, kites, mats, wall linings and roof thatching. It was also used to make containers to cook food in hot springs. The flower stalks were also useful - as frames for kites, and in tukutuku panelling. The seed heads themselves were used on fresh wounds to stop bleeding.

In addition, in the past saplings were often pulled from fields by hand to maintain grazing areas. Trees also used to be harvested for firewood, hazel rods were used for thatching as well as for fence- and basket-making. As these practices ceased, the brush advanced. This notably reduces biodiversity in the affected areas.

They also can show the agricultural methods, building materials, and skills that were used. Most were built with materials reflecting the local geology of the area. Building methods include earth walling and thatching. Buildings in stone and brick, roofed with tile or slate, increasingly replaced buildings in clay, timber and thatch from the later 18th century.

The screw pine has been shown to have many uses. In coastal areas, it has been used for erosion control due to its numerous aerial roots. These roots help bind the sand dunes along the coast from eroding water and wind. The leaves of P. utilis are used in different cultures for thatching and the production of numerous materials.

He returned to Goodwood to win the Group Three King George Stakes in July. In August he recorded his most important success when he was awarded the William Hill Sprint Championship at York on the disqualification of Thatching. In September he finished second to Double Form for the third time in the Vernons Sprint Cup at Haydock.

Straw can be plaited for a number of purposes, including: the thatching of roofs, to create a paper-making material, for ornamenting small surfaces as a "straw-mosaic", for plaiting into door and table mats, mattresses and for weaving and plaiting into light baskets and to create artificial flowers. Straw is also plaited to produce bonnets and hats.

In that year they were all amalgamated into Tasburgh United Charities. The parish council still owned the pair of cottages in Marl Bottom which had been the Town House, the parish poorhouse. Despite re-thatching in 1916 and again in 1925 they became a liability and were sold in 1928 to Dennis Cushion for seventy pounds.

A common sub-canopy tree is the Taraw palm (Livistona saribus), used for thatching on huts. The ecoregion supports some rare animals, including the largest viable population of the critically endangered Northern white-cheeked gibbon (living in Pu Mat National Park), the critically endangered Red-shanked douc, and populations of Gray langurs (a genus of Old world monkey).

The predominant sources of palm sugar are the Palmyra, date, nipa, sugar and coconut palms. The Palmyra palm (Borassus spp.) is grown in Africa, Asia, and New Guinea. The tree has many uses, such as thatching, hatmaking, timber, use as a writing material, and in food products. Palm sugar is produced from sap ('toddy') from the flowers.

The area is managed by the large private nature- conservation organisation Natuurmonumenten and by the Staatsbosbeheer (State Forest Service). Other parties are involved in management issues as well, such as local communities. About is still used for thatching reed production. Villages like the picturesque Giethoorn and monumental towns like Blokzijl and Vollenhove are important for tourism and recreation.

Most also agree that this is because natural pesticides found in the Manicaria saccifera are released at this time and prevent insects from damaging the roofing. In order to thatch a roof certain steps must be taken. First, one must get a permit and then collect the leaves. Once this is complete the leaves must be prepared for thatching.

Elegia tectorum, previously Chondropetalum tectorum or Restio tectorum, more commonly Cape thatching reed, or dakriet (in Afrikaans), is a member of the restio family, Restionaceae. It is a tufted perennial growing to between 1.5 and 2.25 m, with deciduous leaf sheaths. Flowers are less than 3 mm long. Petals are smooth or hairy in the upper half.

The birds belong to the Svalbard population. In 1888 and 1889, the dunes hosted breeding pairs of Pallas's sandgrouse, the only time this has ever been recorded in Scotland. The sands had a reputation for shifting, engulfing homesteads. This was due to removal of marram from the dunes for thatching, as the roots helped to hold the soil together.

Downloaded on 05 October 2014. This species has been observed in several kinds of tropical forest, subtropical moist forest, and mangrove ecotones from sea level to 1000 meters in elevation. It is sometimes found near human habitation hiding under debris and in thatching. This gecko is common in its range and faces no immediate major threats.

The best of his other progeny was probably Suggestive who won the Criterion Stakes in 2006. Fard's dam Anneli Rose showed very modest racing ability, winning one small race at Lingfield Park Racecourse in 1990 from seven lifetime starts. She was descended from Gallissa, who was a half-sister of Lorenzaccio and a distant relative of Thatching.

It has been found roosting in the palm-leave thatching of small huts. It roosts singly or in small colonies of up to five individuals. It navigates and locates prey via echolocation; its calls have a frequency of maximum energy of 43.8-48 kHz and a maximum frequency of 58-72.6 kHz. Echolocation pulses last 6-8 seconds.

Starting at odds of 6/1 in a field of seventeen runners, the colt demonstrated what Timeform described as "remarkable power", racing among the leaders from the start and drawing clear in the closing stages to win by four lengths from the filly Rose Above. Thatching was then moved up to Group One class for the July Cup at Newmarket in which he started 2/1 favourite against a strong field including One In A Million, Vaigly Great, Sigy (Prix de l'Abbaye), Devon Ditty (Cheveley Park Stakes), Absalom (Vernons Sprint Cup). Piggott sent Thatching into the lead shortly after the start and by half way most of the other runners were struggling to match his pace. In the last quarter mile he pulled clear of the field to win by five lengths from Vaigly Great.

A considerable area of the barren land is covered with dark jungle. A great deal of waste land covered with the coarse grass known locally as ganra (gandhar) or sinkh . The ganra is used for thatching and for making ropes and mats. The babul grows in large clumps on the user plains and is, indeed, the only tree which flourishes on them.

Vaitogians have been traditionally known to be skilled farmers, and the large flatlands toward inland Vaitogi were a great advantage for the farmers. Vaitogi is also notable for its past sugar cane fields. The sugar cane leaves were woven into thatches for the roofs of fales (houses). The Vaitogi farmers also planted palm trees to cater to the demands of roof thatching.

The barn houses an exhibition showing traditional building materials and building methods, including displays on bricklaying, glass work, lead work, iron work, tiling and thatching. During the repair of the barn the date 1771 was found scratched on an original rafter. The date was covered by a batten from the original thatched roof and probably records the date of construction of the building.

Roystonea regia has been planted throughout the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental. The seed is used as a source of oil and for livestock feed. Leaves are used for thatching and the wood for construction. The roots are used as a diuretic, and for that reason they are added to tifey, a Haitian drink, by Cubans of Haitian origin.

These sections of thatch are fastened to the outside of the framework of the fale beginning at the bottom and working up to the apex. They are overlapped, so each section advances the thatching about three inches. This means there is really a double layer of thatch covering the whole house. The sections are fastened to the aso at each end by afa.

The area around Akiyoshidai was heavily forested about 500,000 years ago. In the Jōmon period, with the general area serving as a hunting ground and the bottoms of sinkholes as vegetable fields. Numerous Paleolithic artifacts have been recovered. As farming started in Japan the local people eventually entirely replaced the forested landscape with Japanese pampas grass for feeding their animals and thatching houses.

Formica is a genus of ants of the family Formicidae, commonly known as wood ants, mound ants, thatching ants, and field ants. Formica is the type genus of the Formicidae, and of the subfamily Formicinae. The type species of genus Formica is the European red wood ant Formica rufa. Ants of this genus tend to be between 4 and 8 mm long.

They live in small oval-shaped huts with grass thatched roofs. Building a Mwera house is a family project. The men cut poles for framing the house, the women gather grass for thatching the roof and the young boys dig clay used to fill in the mud walls. Tradition dictates that certain tree species cannot be used for building houses.

Native Hawaiians valued the fruits of Pritchardia as a food source. The immature fruits, called hāwane or wāhane, were gathered and the endosperm was eaten (tasting like coconut meat). Leaves were also collected to use for thatching roofs, as well as for making fans, umbrellas, hats, and baskets. The trunks were also used for making spears and as material for construction.

He strove to develop Kuala Lumpur from a small, obscure settlement into a booming mining town. In 1880, the state capital of Selangor was moved from Klang to the more strategically advantageous Kuala Lumpur. In 1881, a flood swept through the town following a fire which engulfed it earlier. These successive problems destroyed the town's structures made of wood and atap (thatching).

Atherton, along with neighbouring Shakerley, was associated with coal mining and nail manufacture. Alexander Naylor was taxed on his goods in 1332, showing the industry was present for at least 600 years. Encouraged by the proximity of outcrops of coal, iron was brought from Derbyshire, Yorkshire and Spain. Several types of nails were made, including lath nails, slate nails, thatching nails and sparrowbills.

Plants include the beardgrass Andropogon gayanus, dūrvā grass Cynodon dactylon, and the thatching grass Hyparrhenia dissoluta. Along the many watercourses, Mimosa asperata and Salix chevalieri grow above a Cyperus maculatus understory. Northern Delta. Characterized by emergent sand ridges which sustain the palm trees Hyphaene thebaica and Borassus aethiopum, the gum arabic tree Acacia nilotica, Guarea senegalensis, Mimosa asperata and Ziziphus mauritiana.

John Mahony was born in Kilmore, Ballyduff, County Kerry in 1864. The son of John and Bridget (née Doran), he grew up in an area that was and still is famous for hurling. Like many of his contemporaries Mahony earned his living from fishing and from thatching roofs. He later gained a reputation as a fine sportsman and as an outspoken individual.

Palm leaves were used effectively for thatching the roofs and for making partition walls. The typical wood carvings made on ceilings of Sree Padmanabhapuram Palace From the limitations of the materials, a mixed mode of construction was evolved in Kerala architecture. The stone work was restricted to the plinth even in important buildings such as temples. Laterite was used for walls.

Leptadenia pyrotechnica leaves The plant is used in thatching huts. The pods of this shrub, known as khimpoli (खींपोळी) in Hindi, ripe in the month of March which are of medicinal value and used as vegetables. The plant fiber is used for making ropes. The plant is browsed by all stock, but especially by camels for which it is considered a good fodder.

In some places, the reed beds are harvested for traditional roof thatching. Two small ferries cross Randers Fjord regularly. One is located half way between Randers and the sea, at the small village of Voer, with a capacity of 3 - 4 cars, crossing the fjord to Mellerup. The other ferry at Udbyhøj is close to Randers Fjords outlet to the sea.

The area around Akiyoshidai was once heavily forested about 500,000 years ago. In the Jōmon period, the area served as a hunting ground and the bottoms of sinkholes as vegetable fields. Numerous Paleolithic artifacts have been recovered. As farming began in Japan, the local people eventually replaced the forested landscape with Japanese pampas grass for feeding their animals and thatching houses.

It has been suggested that the location of the "Salley Gardens" was on the banks of the river at Ballysadare near Sligo where the residents cultivated trees to provide roof thatching materials. "Salley" or "sally" is a form of the Standard English word "sallow", i.e., a tree of the genus Salix. It is close in sound to the Irish word saileach, meaning willow.

Overexploitation does not necessarily lead to the destruction of the resource, nor is it necessarily unsustainable. However, depleting the numbers or amount of the resource can change its quality. For example, footstool palm is a wild palm tree found in Southeast Asia. Its leaves are used for thatching and food wrapping, and overharvesting has resulted in its leaf size becoming smaller.

Historically, the leaves were written upon in various South Asian and South-East Asian cultures using an iron stylus to create palm leaf manuscripts. In the Philippines, it is locally known as buri or buli. The leaves are also used for thatching, and the sap is tapped to make palm wine. In South India, the palm leaves are used to make umbrellas for agricultural workers.

Due to Louw's inability to manage Robbiduck after his Mykonos Cup accident, Mark reportedly took over the running of Robbiduck and started his own company, Mako Inflatables, in 1995. Louw is currently the managing director of Robbi Thatch, a roof thatching business that he started in 1989. In 2000 he became the Cape regional representative for MexSport, former All- Black Murray Mexted's rugby agency.

There is a lot of affinities of a style of the living house. Like the rural Thai people of Thailand, the house rural Ahom families have been made of wood, bamboo, and two roofs are typically designed by the thatching grasses. Every families orchard and plow land are situated near their house. The houses of the inhabitant have been built in scattered fashion within the bamboo groves.

This is said to impart a sweet flavour to the meat. The young leaves are used to wrap tobacco for smoking. In Cambodia, this palm is called cha:k, its leaves are used to cover roofs. Roof thatching with the leaves occurs in many places in Papua New Guinea, in some coastal areas the rachis is used for walls in houses and the leaflets are used for ornaments.

The parish of Eccles contained the townships of Barton-upon-Irwell, Clifton, Pendlebury, Pendleton, and Worsley. Toward the end of the Middle Ages the parish had an estimated population of about 4,000 Communicants. Agriculture remained an important local industry, with little change from the medieval system due to a lack of adequate drainage and fertiliser. Local cottage industries included blacksmiths, butchers, thatching, basket weaving, skinning, and tanning.

Attalea species have a long history of human use. Carbonised Attalea maripa seeds have been found in archaeological sites in Colombia dating back to 9000 BP. Several species remain important sources of edible oil, thatch, edible seeds, and fibre. The leaves of Attalea butyracea and A. maripa are used extensively for thatching. Several species are oil palms, with A. speciosa among the most important economically.

The large goods yard was on the south side of the line, opposite the passenger platform. This included a large goods shed, cattle pens, and facilities to discharge oil tank wagons. Other traffic regularly received included animal feed, bananas, beer, biscuits, cement, coal, fertiliser, furniture, and tea. Outgoing goods comprised animal skins, farm machinery, gloves, lace, pottery, sugar beet, tar, thatching reed, timber, and wool.

The flora includes seakale, sea holly, and yellow-horned poppy. Reed is farmed commercially for the thatching industry, whilst enabling the bearded reedling to find a habitat. The coastline has eroded rapidly over time and the reserve is threatened by both erosion and sea level rise.Suffolk SMP2 Sub-cell 3c - Policy Development Zone 2 – Benacre Ness to Easton Broad , Shoreline Management Plan, Royal Haskoning, June 2010.

Certain parts of Geonoma undata are edible, and this species is often cultivated for heart of palm in Central America. Other uses of G. undata include utilizing leaves for roof thatching and palm trunks for poles in primitive construction. The palm wood is also used by indigenous groups to make various tools and utensils. Traditionally, the fruits are useful in making a dark dye.

This type of farming is called jhumming in India. Fallow fields are not unproductive. During the fallow period, shifting cultivators use the successive vegetation species widely for timber for fencing and construction, firewood, thatching, ropes, clothing, tools, carrying devices and medicines. It is common for fruit and nut trees to be planted in fallow fields to the extent that parts of some fallows are in fact orchards.

Ahupuaʻa means "pig altar", and was named for stone altars with pig head carvings that marked the boundaries of each Hawaiian land division. Ideally, an ahupuaʻa has all the necessities within its borders. From the mountains, materials such as wood are provided for thatching roofs and twining rope. The uplands produce crops like sugar cane and sweet potatoes, while the lowlands provide taro and fish.

This is hard and dense with an attractive cream colour, which, on polishing, compares favourably with true ivory. Tagua softens when soaked, dissolving completely when immersed in water for long periods, but recovering its hardness on drying. The contents of the immature fruit are liquid, with a sweet flavour and used as a - refreshing drink. The fronds are used as thatching for native huts.

Basketry is quite common and is traditionally seen in various forms of domestic kitchen equipment, or even in the house where bamboo thatching is still commonly used. Mulberry leaves which are not used for silk worm production are frequently used for the production of saa paper. Saa paper is a traditional art form which has been incorporated into a number of crafts for the tourist industry around Luang Prabang.

The dried flowers can by used an ingredient to remedy diuretic laxative. The seeds are used to treat many ailments including; fever, jaundice, menorrhagia, heat pain, nausea, sore throats, vomiting, urination, carbuncles and boil problems. The leaves are used as fodder for animals, and for thatching, matting and basket work, and its leaf fibres are also used in paper making and for brushes. The flowers contain the pigment – anthocyanin.

The term "Bushman's mattress" comes from the springiness of the vines and stems of L. articulatum. The Māori would make beds by coiling the springy vines and putting them in sacks, then stuff the sacks with available soft flora. Natives also used the tough wiry stems for things like fishhooks, rope, thatching, and eel traps. The leaves and fronds were infused with water and drunk to cure stomach aches and pains.

Along with these bronzes were 165,000 glass beads said to have originated in Egypt, Venice and India. Some popular Igbo art styles include Uli designs. The majority of the Igbo carve and use masks, although the function of masks vary from community to community. Thatching with palm leaf mats, early 20th century Traditional Igbo house/room from the Anambra area, 1967 Igbo art is noted for Mbari architecture.

In the Canadian Arctic and Alaska, Leymus arenarius is used by Inuit, Cupiit, and Yup'ik peoples for basket weaving. Sanikiluaq, Nunavut, is particularly known for its sea lyme basketry – a tradition that almost died out for in the late 20th century but has since been revived. In Europe, the plant's stems are used for roof thatching and can be woven into a coarse fabric. Seeds have provided food in the past.

Tagbanwa stilt house (kamalig) in the Philippines The long, feathery leaves of the nipa palm are used by local populations as roof material for thatched houses or dwellings. The leaves are also used in many types of basketry and thatching. Large stems are used to train swimmers in Burma as it has buoyancy. On the islands of Roti and Savu, nipa palm sap is fed to pigs during the dry season.

When this palm is cultivated it demands generous water, and rich, acidic soil and shade or filtered light. In habitat, the palm heart is consumed and the leaves are used in thatching. The fruit are often pickled and used as a substitute for tamarind or made into sweetmeat.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore.

Laterite was used for walls. The roof structure in timber was covered with palm leaf thatching for most buildings and rarely with tiles for palaces or temples. The Kerala murals are paintings with vegetable dyes on wet walls in subdued shades of brown. The indigenous adoption of the available raw materials and their transformation as enduring media for architectural expression thus became the dominant feature of the Malayali style of architecture.

Narus is a name given by the Ketebo or Mening and Amening Clan were the people living in the Valley. Primary grasses in the Narus Valley are the shorter red oat grass and taller bunchy Guinea grass and fine thatching grass. Common trees in the drier areas are red thorn acacias, desert dates, and to a lesser extent drumstick trees. The iconic sausage trees and fan palms line the water courses.

The resort was styled in timber, thatching and bamboo - Melanesian style. Accommodation was offered through exclusive private villas with ocean views, individually decorated by the locals. The central resort area comprised a reception, boutique shop, main restaurant and cocktail bar, and outdoor eating areas and pool area. The resort was successfully developed and managed by Pacific Resorts Ltd in 1983, by Queensland based businessmen, John Donnelly and Peter Cornish.

On 29 June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, misfired, igniting the wooden beams and thatching. According to one of the few surviving documents of the event, no one was hurt except a man whose burning breeches were put out with a bottle of ale. It was rebuilt in the following year.

Roof timbers rise from the inner face of the walls providing a characteristic ledge at the wall head (tobhta). This gives access to the roof for thatching. Both the animals and occupants shared the same door, living at different ends of the same space. Several long ranges, or rooms, were usually built alongside each other, each one having its own ridgeline giving them the very distinctive look of the Lewis blackhouse.

They lived in joint families. The number of members in a joint family sometimes exceeded one hundred but over time nuclear families have also started replacing joint families. The Chutias are used to two kinds of dwelling - one is the grounded house and the other is the raised house(also known as Chang ghar). The materials used to build houses are mostly perishable ones like bamboo, wood, reeds and thatching grass.

Holden, T G 2010 Thatch, in Jenkins, M ed. The Traditional Building Materials of Scotland Building Scotland: Celebrating Scotland’s Traditional Buildings Materials. Historic ScotlandHolden, T G 1998 The Archaeology of Scottish Thatch. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland Technical Advice Note 13 More recent examples include the Moirlanich Longhouse, Killin owned by the National Trust for Scotland (rye, bracken & turf)Holden, T G 2012 Moirlanich Longhouse, Killin: Changing techniques in thatching.

Nypa fruticans, an exotic species imported to Nigeria from South-East Asia, has been spreading quickly, encouraged by the local people. The mangrove forests are an important source of wood for making furniture and fences, for smoking fish and for fuel. The leaves of Nypa fruticans are used for thatching house walls and roofs. The mangroves act as a buffer zone, protecting the coast against the worst effects of storms.

There are two roads into the village one of which is called Longney Road leading to Elmore and Hardwicke, the other leads to Epney. Many of the houses were built in conjunction with the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal from the local brick works. Thatching for the houses was from the reed beds at Frampton-on-Severn. It has a Church called St Laurence and a Church Of England Primary School.

Built in the style of a "cottage orné", the single storey house is set in a partly- walled demesne in of beautiful parkland and woodland. It features unique local thatching using Shannon reeds. The surrounding parkland was laid out by John Sutherland (1745–1826), one of the most celebrated disciples of Capability Brown. The park includes woodland belts, a largely unused walled kitchen garden, a small quarry, and a short walking trail.

There are two wheat varieties, suitable for thatching, on the current National List of Permitted Varieties (EU legislation policed by DEFRA) - Maris Widgeon and Maris Huntsman. Until 2008/9 the only commercial seed distributor for Maris Widgeon was Pickards Seeds, of Burrington, Devon. Other traditional varieties have become unlisted which means that they cannot be bought, sold or even given away. At one time, no option existed but to grow Maris Widgeon from kept seed.

The traditional house in Banten called Rumah Panggung with roof thatching, and the floor is made of pounded bamboos split. While the walls were made from the booth (gedek). To buffer stage house is a stone that has been created in such a way that ends shaped beam decreasing as the stone used for pounding rice pedestal. The traditional house is still widely found in areas inhabited by the Kanekes people or the Baduy.

The initial grantee could give land-use rights to other patrikin groups as well. The traditional Temne house was round, of varying diameter, with walls of mud-plastered over a stick frame; the roof frame, of wooden poles connected by stringers, was conical and covered with bunches of grass thatching. Rectangular houses with a gabled roof became more commonplace during the colonial era. Houses became larger—and also fewer—after the "Hut Tax" was instituted.

The pou (posts), aho (thatching sticks) and oa (rafters) of a special building called a hale lau lama were made of the sapwood. A pā lama is a fenced enclosure made from lama sapwood. A block of the sapwood, covered in a yellow kapa and scented with ōlena (Curcuma longa), was placed on the kuahu (altar) inside of a hālau hula (building in which hula was performed). This block represented Laka, goddess of hula.

Female tree, showing foliage crown with fruit Male tree with flower Sugar palm as seen in Mumbai, India The Borassus flabellifer leaves are used for thatching, mats, baskets, fans, hats, umbrellas, and as writing material. All the literature of the old Tamil was written in preserved Palm leaves also known as Palm-leaf manuscript. In Tamil Yaedu or Olai chuvadi. Most of the ancient literature in Telugu are written on palm leaves (Tala patra grandhas).

Both male and female flowers are borne on the same tree on an inflorescence that emerges below the crown. Small, oval fruits develop, which are orange in colour and may be up to 1.5 cm long. The leaves of the thief palm provide shelter for geckos and invertebrates as the pleated surface acts as an effective litter trap thus providing cover for small animals. Locals use the large, dried leaves for thatching.

"Die Geburt der modernen Familie". Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Accordingly, many of the so-called "Geselle" decided to go on a journey in order to become a master. This was called "Waltz" or Journeyman years. A German roofer thatching a roof with reeds (he is wearing the traditional waistcoat and trousers of a craftsman) In those days, the crafts were called the "virtuous crafts" and the virtuousness of the craftspersons was greatly respected.

Tortuguero village became a well-used shipping port for coconuts and bananas produced by local plantations. By 1930-1940 Walter Martinez, along with his children and two or three other families settled into the Tortuguero area and constructed four poled ranchos using palm (Lefevre, 1992). Around 1995-1996, Tortuguero’s houses were still primarily roofed with palm thatch. Manicaria saccifera was the preferred palm for thatching due to its wider leaves which cover more area.

These are the first recorded amateur performances of any Shakespeare plays. On 29 June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, misfired, igniting the wooden beams and thatching. According to one of the few surviving documents of the event, no one was hurt except a man who put out his burning breeches with a bottle of ale.

By the time he was 20, he was a daysman himself. In his late twenties, he turned from farm work to a variety of other jobs, such a working as a gardener and handyman, peat-cutting, building, road- making, thatching and working in a quarry, often cycling long distances to and from work each day. Before he retired, he spent 18 years with the Ministry of Agriculture on the River Roe drainage project.

Topped by a thatched roof, often made out of nipa, anahaw or some other locally plentiful plant. The Filipino term "Bahay Kubo" literally means "cube house", describing the shape of the dwelling. The term "Nipa Hut", introduced during the Philippines' American colonial era, refers to the nipa or anahaw thatching material often used for the roofs. Nipa huts were the native houses of the indigenous people of the Philippines before the Spaniards arrived.

In the Philippines, buri trees, like the sago palm, are used as sources of starch made into starch balls called landang. These are traditionally cooked into various desserts and dishes, most notably the binignit. The leaves are often used for thatching or can be woven into baskets, etc. Three kinds of fibres, namely buri (unopened leaf fibers), raffia (mature leaf fibers), and buntal (leaf petiole fiber), may be obtained from the plant.

The Chhaparband are a community that were historically connected with thatching of roofs, an occupation no longer practiced. In Hindi, the word chhapar means roof and the Persian suffix band means binder and maker. They claim to have been Rajput soldiers in the armies of the Mughal Empire, as said to have originated from Kathiawar and Rajasthan. Their conversion to Islam is said to have occurred at the hands a Sufi saint Pir Bhai Phir Makhan.

Betel nut and coconut are a good source of household income. Shade trees include banyan or bot (Ficus benghalensis), pipal (Ficus religiosa) and nim (Azadirachta indica) and are seen commonly. There are several varieties of cane, a good deal of bamboo of different varieties, and thatching grass or chhan although their plantations are gradually but steadliy decreasing. Use of bamboo is widespread for posts and fencing for houses, basket making and producing trays of various kinds.

Two local roofing materials were available- there were extensive reed beds near the Cook's river for thatching. There was also bark which could be peeled off a number of the indigenous trees in large sheets. Methods of heating and flattening the bark were used by the Aboriginal people and these were quickly assimilated by the convict builders. The two most significant trees, both of which grew in the Sydney area, were the Melaleuca and the Iron Bark.

Termite hills are also used to grow maize after being flattened, and the edges of pans are cultivated as they dry up each year. A relatively small percentage of the park is cultivated, and environmental impact is probably low. The people selectively cut down trees for wood used to build houses and livestock pens and for carvings. They use grass for thatching, and strip the bark of trees to make beehives, causing the tree to die.

Designed by Andreas Kirkerup and completed in 1786 in the Neoclassical style, the one-storey, half-timbered whitewashed building has a covered veranda and a living room. The hipped thatched roof has wooden thatching supports along the ridge. In addition to the cottages's small-paned casement windows on all sides, the veranda has larger round-arched windows while the tops of the double doors are also glazed. As a result, the interior has a pleasantly bright look.

Another film location was on Elm Hill in Norwich. The area, with a mixture of Tudor and medieval buildings dating as far back as the 11th century, was transformed into the streets of Stormhold. The Briton's Arms tea house became the Slaughtered Prince public house. The owners were so enthralled with the new look, including a spectacular mural and new thatching, that they appealed to the local council and English Heritage to keep it, but their request was refused.

Cultural skills include reducing thatch aggressively by verticutting and/or aerifying in the spring and fall when the turf is actively growing, and raise the mowing height prior to and during summer stress periods. Verticutting uses a machine to cut straight lines into a lawn. The depth of these lines is variable and a by-product of the slicing action is known as de- thatching. A verticut machine, like the aerator, has several blades attached to a drum.

This is done by splitting the leaves in half by dragging a piece of wood lengthwise through the spines. When doing this it is important to be careful as the split leaf is very sharp, as “sharp as a machete”. After the leaves have been cut they are attached to the roof frame either by the use of knots (the older technique) or by nails. The tradition of thatching is being lost within the Tortuguero region of Costa Rica.

Mold was born on 27 May 1863 in the village of Middleton Cheney in Northamptonshire. His family had links with the thatching trade, but Mold pursued a career in professional cricket.Ambrose, p. 29. He began to play for the village team, making good progress as a bowler; in 1882, Middleton Cheney were unbeaten and Mold had the best bowling average in the team. In 1885 and 1886, he was employed as a professional at Banbury Cricket Club.

Bet is used for making baskets, binding and thatching. In the marshes are found sola (Aeschynomene aspera) and murta or mostak (Schumannianthus dichotomus ) which is extensively used for making various types of mats famously known as shital pati and baskets. The forest department of the government of Bangladesh created mangrove forests in Nijhum Dwip. The most common type of planted tree species on the island is keora, also known as kerfa, which has fast growing roots holding the sandy land.

The marshes reverted to reedbeds during the 1940s and 50s, creating a range of habitats which are now preserved in the reserve. The reeds are cut by local commercial reedcutters for use in thatching, whilst grazing marshland is used for cattle grazing. Heathland areas of the reserve were traditionally used for grazing sheep. Rabbits played a major role in maintaining this landscape until the mixamatosis outbreak of 1953 after which much the heathland area of the reserve began to revert to birth woodland.

Redgrave and Lopham Fens lies at the headwaters of the Waveney and Little Ouse rivers and had for centuries provided natural resources for the local population. This activity created and maintained the various habitats of the Fen. The cutting of peat for fuel lead to the creation of open pools edged in reedbeds and the pathways between them became species-rich fen meadows. Sedge and reed were cut for thatching, furze and other vegetation was removed for livestock bedding and firewood.

The contributions of men, women, and children over sixteen are considered equal, regardless of the task. Houses are typically built by hand using local materials, and once the householder has collected enough wood, bamboo, and/or thatching grass, he will ask his neighbors and relatives to assist in the house raising. It usually takes twenty people a day or two to assemble the frame and raise the heavy timbers. Once the heavy work is completed, the owners finish construction over the ensuing weeks.

James J. Fox (1977), Harvest of the palm: ecological change in Eastern Indonesia, Harvard University Press, Boston. In these areas, the lontar palm provides timber and thatching as well as food in the form of fruits, and palm sugar which is obtained by tapping the fruit stems. The sugary sap can be used to make alcoholic drinks. In other parts of the province such as West Manggarai, the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a useful role in the local economy.

In remote districts their katakashira off-center topknot, similar to Yami and Filipinos of Malay descent in Mindanao and elsewhere, among men and women also disappeared in the early 20th century. The bashôfu, literally meaning "banana-fibre cloth", is designated as a part of Ryukyu and Japan "important intangible cultural properties". The weaving using indigenous ramie was also widespread in the archipelago, both originated before the 14th century. Originally living in thatching houses, townsmen developed architecture modeled after Japanese, Chinese and Korean structures.

In the early 1970s, Kerr purchased a decomposing, abandoned, two-hundred-year-old Japanese house in the Iya Valley, a remote mountainous area of Tokushima prefecture on the island of Shikoku. He restored the house to a liveable state, including re-thatching the kayabuki roof using traditional materials. The house was given the name Chiiori, or "House of the Flute". The restoration of Chiiori began a project by Kerr and others to preserve Japan's vanishing arts, culture and traditional lifestyle.

The cuisine of Fiji in pre-colonial times consisted of root crops, vegetables, and fruits, as well as various land animals such as wild pig, and various birds. The coastal tribes would have had the same, but also had a large amount of local seafood. These would have been prepared with local herbs and spices on wood fire rock ovens. Most cooking areas were located in the center of house so the smoke would repel insects and strengthen the roof thatching.

Traditional Lao homes (heuan) are simple, often constructed entirely from woven bamboo thatching or wood, with few rooms. Homes were built on piers or stilts to provide ventilation and protection, and the practice became an important cultural distinction. According to legend, the first peace agreement between Fa Ngum and the Dai Viet established that Lao lands began where the rivers and streams feed the Mekong and the people live in houses built on stilts. Many modern homes reflect Western, Thai, Chinese, and Vietnamese influence.

Kapitan Yap Ah Loy, founder of modern Kuala Lumpur In 1881, a flood swept through Kuala Lumpur, in the wake of a disastrous fire. These successive problems destroyed the town's structures of wood and atap (thatching). As a response, Frank Swettenham, the British Resident of Selangor, required that buildings be constructed of brick and tile. Hence, Kapitan Yap Ah Loy bought a sprawling piece of real estate, now Brickfields, for the setting up of a brick industry which would spur the rebuilding of Kuala Lumpur.

According to A Dictionary of British Place Names, Thaxted derives from the Old English thoec with stede, being a "place where thatching materials are got".Mills, Anthony David (2003); A Dictionary of British Place Names, Oxford University Press, revised edition (2011), p.455. Thaxted was a development of a Saxon settlement on a Roman road."Thaxted – Tilty, Essex", The Guardian, 2 June 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2018 The British Museum holds a Roman bronze head of Bacchus found at Thaxted in the nineteenth century.

The story was based on the wives of Pathik's brothers. Both Madan and Malhotra met the real women for the dialect and the character's nuances. For the preparation, both Malhotra and Madan stayed in Ronsi village near Jaipur and learned the Rajasthani dialect; they also got accustomed with milking buffaloes, thatching roofs, plastering the walls with dung and walking for long distances while balancing matkas full of water on their head and one around their waist. They also had to put on of weight.

Ashill is mentioned in the Domesday book for its extensive woodland. The manor passed from the de Vaux family to Sir Thomas Moulton by 1317, and then through the Stretche and Beauchamp families to the Spekes who built Jordans as their mansion, which was demolished in the 1960s, although the grotto/summer house (dating from 1828) in the grounds survives. The grotto is on the Heritage at Risk Register due to vandalism despite re-thatching. Ashill was part of the hundred of Abdick and Bulstone.

In the Tortuguero region of Costa Rica, where Manicaria saccifera is plentiful, local people know this palm as "Palma Real", or "Royal Palm". Its heavy, large leaves are valued over other palm species as the best material for roof thatching. Manicaria saccifera is an obligate swamp species, and as most other palms, it thrives in the wet, humid conditions of tropical lowland forests. Myers (1981) states "In the humid environments of the neo-tropics there is an increase in the abundance of understory palms" (24).

The earliest church built by missionaries of the Order of Friars Minor was made of bamboo for the frame and nipa leaves as thatching. In 1574, Limahong and his soldiers destroyed and burned the church. Formerly a visita (chapel-of-ease) of Santa Ana, the Franciscan friar Antonio de Nombella founded the church in 1588 which was dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, the forerunner of Christ. It burned down in 1603 and the parish was temporarily turned over to the Jesuits until secular clergy objected.

Gordon Moss formed part of the lands of the Greenknowe Estate. Circa the 1700s, some nearby land from the estate was sold as plots which now form Gordon's Main Street. Many of the title deeds of these plots came with a variety of rights from the lands of Greenknowe such as catching rabbits, gathering firewood and cutting divots (turf to fireproof thatching). This caused various conflicts with farming practices on the Greenknowe estate so in the 1800s part of the land of the Gordon Moss was given in exchange for these rights.

Just the other side of the bridge there are boat yards on both banks and the river follows a fairly straight course until it reaches the photogenic "Hunsett Drainage Mill". Here, where the river turns south and passes the channel leading to the staithes at Stalham and Sutton, the river banks of Barton Fen are crowded with trees, marshes, and reeds, the latter formerly harvested and used for thatching for centuries past. The North Walsham & Dilham Canal is the canalisation of the Ant and joins it at Smallburgh junction.

Chestnut, walnut, hickory, and persimmon trees that grew in upland forests provided nuts and fruit for both the people of Etowah and the white-tailed deer, wild turkey, and smaller game they hunted. Other plants that were gathered include stinging nettle, paper mulberry, and a native holly whose leaves and stems were brewed into the Black drink imbibed in ritual purification ceremonies. River cane grew in dense thickets and was made into arrow shafts, thatching for roofs, splits for baskets, benches, and mats for walls and floors. River shoals abounded in freshwater mussels and turtles.

Faleo'o (beach fale) with simple roof thatching on Manono Island, 2009 Traditionally, the afolau (long house), a longer fale shaped like a stretched oval, served as the dwelling house or guest house. The faleo'o (small house), traditionally long in shape, was really an addition to the main house. It is not so well constructed and is situated always at the back of the main dwelling. In modern times, the term is also used for any type of small and simple fale, which is not the main house of dwelling.

The word Kizh referred to the houses they lived in, "most of which were dome-shaped and made with a framework of willow branches and roofed over with thatching." The neighboring ʔívil̃uqaletem (Cahuilla) referred to the people as Kisianos or "people of the willow-brush houses," which has been cited as a potential source for the term Kizh. Following the destruction of the original mission, the Spanish relocated the mission five miles north and began to refer to the Kizh as "Gabrieleño." > ...Kizh for the Indians living near San Gabriel (i.e.

The largest areas of forest are in the Chittagong Hills and the Sundarbans. The evergreen and deciduous forests of the Chittagong Hills cover more than and are the source of teak for heavy construction and boat building, as well as other forest products. Domesticated elephants are still used to haul logs. The Sundarbans, a tidal mangrove forest covering nearly along the Bay of Bengal, is the source of timber used for a variety of purposes, including pulp for the domestic paper industry, poles for electric power distribution, and leaves for thatching for dwellings.

Since the lake is fed by surplus water from the Senegal River, during the rainy season it can increase to a maximum length of 34 km and a width of up to 8 km, while the water level can fluctuate by as much as 4.29 m. In the marshland along its fringes, Phragmite and Typha reeds are growing, which are cut for thatching. Several species of birds are present, as are numerous snakes and small mammals such as otters and mongoose. Slender-snouted crocodiles can also be found.

The roof structure in timber was covered with palm leaf thatching for most buildings and rarely with tiles for palaces or temples. The exterior of the laterite walls were either left as such or plastered with lime mortar to serve as the base for mural painting. The sculpturing of the stone was mainly moulding in horizontal bands in the plinth portion (adhistans) whereas the carving of timber covered all elements _ pillars, beams, ceiling, rafters and the supporting brackets. The Kerala murals are paintings with vegetable dyes on wet walls in subdued shades of brown.

One of the sketches by Jacques le Moyne showing a Timucua village The Timucua of northeast Florida (the Saturiwa and Agua Dulce tribes) at the time of first contact with Europeans lived in villages that typically contained about 30 houses, and 200 to 300 people. The houses were small, made of upright poles and circular in shape. Palm leaf thatching covered the pole frame, with a hole at the top for ventilation and smoke escape. The houses were 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6 m) across and were used primarily for sleeping.

Bondgate was for the workers: bondsmen and tenants. A leper hospital was founded on the road to Harewood beyond Cross Green. As well as farming and use of woodland, important local activities were quarrying stone, and the manufacture of potash from bracken, used to make a soap which therefore supported a community carrying out fulling, the cleansing and finishing of woollen cloth on Watergate. The Chevin provided stone for building (and millstones) as well as bracken, wood and common grazing, while the river provided reeds for thatching houses.

A map produced in 1761 shows that Misson was surrounded by three fields, East Field to the east, Butt Field to the west and Mill Field to the north-west. It shows how these were sub-divided as a result of the enclosures. To the north of them, the area remained common land, and was used for the grazing of animals, the production of hay, and probably also reeds for thatching. Part of Misson was in Nottinghamshire, and part was in Lincolnshire, but the boundary between the two counties was not well defined in 1853.

Thatching was a bay horse with two white socks bred in County Tipperary by the Lyonstown House stud. He was from the first crop of foals sired by Thatch, an American- bred, Irish-trained horse who won the St James's Palace Stakes, July Cup and Sussex Stakes in 1973. Thatching's dam Abella was a successful racehorse who produced several other good horses including the Ballyogan Stakes winner Golden Thatch. During his racing career, the horse was owned by Robert Sangster, trained by Vincent O'Brien at Ballydoyle and ridden by the English jockey Lester Piggott.

Thatching sustained a broken bone in one of his hind feet and did not race until the autumn of his three-year-old season. In October 1978 he was sent to England to make his racecourse debut in the Severals Stakes over one mile at Newmarket Racecourse. He started the odds-on favourite but finished second, beaten three lengths by the Guy Harwood trained Portese. Later in the month he ran twice at Leopardstown Racecourse, finishing second over seven furlongs and then recording his first success in a nine furlong maiden race.

The bungalow as adopted by the British was characterised by a pitched thatched roof, a verandah and a raised base platform. It was a free-standing single storey structure. The verandah was sometimes adapted by the British to encircle the house with parts semi-enclosed for privacy and shade. WIth the possible exception of the thatching, these essential qualities are also characteristics of Experiment Farm Cottage, constructed in the mid-1790s at Parramatta by Harris.Rosen, 2007, 18-19 Dr Wilson's bungalow house at Moidapur bears striking similarities with Harris' Experiment Farm Cottage.

The structure was built mainly underground where the temperature is more consistently cool. The Ice House at Compton Verney was originally thatched, but after 1817 there are no further records of re-thatching or repair and the Ice House was either abandoned or possibly covered in earth and grass – an approach seen with other Ice Houses – as this was how it was found when the present owners took over Compton Verney in the 1990s. Clearance of the Ice House at Compton Verney started in 2008. The Ice House has now been fully restored.

Lebiedzinski tried numerous jobs, including: hairdresser, builder's labourer, upholsterer, shop proprietor, farm labourer, die-caster, pottery worker, laundry worker and supermarket assistant. In 1977 he became a self- employed gardener, an occupation which ‘suited him more than any other.’ He also took up traditional Manx thatching, which he learnt in 1972 from master thatcher, Thomas Brew of Sulby, who was also responsible for encouraging Lebiedzinski to take up the melodeon.'Moghrey Jedoonee', 22 May 2016, Manx Radio Lebiedzinski also took up politics, serving on the Ramsey Town Commissioners during 1976–9 and 1988–90.

The Underdwellers delight in Melbourne's revolting tale so much that they don't notice when he and Perry suddenly vanish - Melbourne once again using his stolen gunpowder to provide cover for their escape (Jiggery Pokery). Back at Melbourne's nest, which is concealed in the thatching of Royal Baker Thomas Farynor's home and bakery, Perry encounters the baker's daughter, who thinks Perry is cute and takes him as her pet (What Is This That I See). Perry is instantly smitten (Adorable Me!). Melbourne disapproves of the relationship, insisting Perry break it off.

Carbonised Attalea maripa seeds have been found in archaeological sites in Colombia dating back to 9000 BP. The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador use the mesocarps for food. They use the petiole and leaf rachis to make blowgun darts and sleeping mats, the petioles for torches, the pinnae for kindling and the stems for firewood. In addition to using is as a food species, Kayapó of Brazil use the species as a source of salt, and value it because it attracts wildlife. The leaves are also used for thatching.

NestsLike in other true weaver birds, the roofed nest is woven from strips of grass leaf, but the sakalava weaver also uses strips of palm fond, or thatching and weaving materials collected in villages. The top is woven directly around a branch or it is attached from a short woven stalk. It is shaped like a retort, with a pear-shaped nesting chamber and a long entrance tunnel hanging from the top. The fabric is thin but dense, although less so with the tunnel, that may be slightly transparent and which may also be somewhat wider at both ends.

McMullin was born in Japan into a military family, and spent his toddler years in Germany, before moving to American Samoa as a young child where he was raised on Tutuila Island in the villages of Maleola and Leone. }} He is of Samoan and Jewish-Irish descent. His childhood home on Samoa has been described as "a traditional Samoan fale roundhouse with coral stone flooring and sugarcane thatching, brought up making indigenous siapo barkcloth painting by his great- grandmother Fa'asapa." He received his MFA from Claremont Graduate University and his BA from University of California, Irvine.

An Uma, the traditional communal house of the Mentawai A Mentawai woman, 2017 The Mentawai live in the traditional dwelling called the Uma which is a longhouse and is made by weaving bamboo strips together to make walls and thatching the roofs with grass, the floor is raised on stilts and is made of wood planks. Each Uma is decorated with skulls of the various animals they hunted. An Uma can house three to four families. A Lalep is a smaller house containing only one family; and a Rusuk is a home for widows and bachelors.

Lorenzaccio's dam Phoenissa, was a moderate racehorse but was a half-sister of the Man o' War Stakes winner Tudor Era. As a granddaughter of the broodmare Jennydang, Phoenissa as also closely related to the Irish St Leger winners Barclay and Christmas Island, the Japanese classic winners Miss Onward and Chitose-O and the July Cup winner Thatching. Lorenzaccio was acquired by Charles St George, the chairman of Lloyd's of London and sent into training with Noel Murless at his Warren Place in Newmarket, Suffolk. During Lorenzaccio's time with Murless, the trainer won his sixth, seventh and eighth British trainers' championships.

Ornamental Cyrtostachys renda in a garden in Suva, Fiji The lipstick palm is generally grown for its brightly colored and unusual foliage and it is considered as a plant in high demand for gardening and a landscaping projects. Because of difficulties propagating them and their striking color, the palm has been offered for sale at prices as high as $1000 USD to collectors and gardeners. It also has some limited traditional uses such as for flooring materials, roof thatching, and for making darts in Pahang and elsewhere in Malaysia. Some rural communities in Sumatra harvest the plant for palm hearts.

After British settlement, the area was first known as 'Rush Cutting Bay' because the swampy land was covered in tall rushes used by early settlers for thatching houses. In 1878, were reserved for recreation; and, after reclamation work was completed, Rushcutters Bay Park was created, bounded by New South Head Road and the bay at Sydney Harbour. Rushcutters Bay was once the site of the famous Sydney Stadium. On Boxing Day 1908 at the Stadium, Tommy Burns lost his heavyweight title to the legendary Jack Johnson, famously the first African-American to win a world title.

In general, labor was very clearly divided based on gender, though many tasks were shared. When fishing, the men and women paddled together, however only the men fished while the women performed all related tasks such as cleaning and drying the fish and collecting the eggs. In home construction, men performed all the wood work, digging and carpentry while the women performed the task of thatching the straw roof and cutting the straw with bone sickles made from bear shoulder blades. The women prepare the whole fish supply, except fermented fish and dog food, which is left to the men.

Thatching with palm leaf mats, early 20th century Mbari is a visual art form practiced by the Igbo people in southeast Nigeria consisting of a sacred two- story house constructed as a propitiatory rite. Mbari houses of the Owerri- Igbo, which are large opened-sided square planned shelters contain many life- sized, painted figures (sculpted in mud to appease the Alusi (deity) and Ala, the earth goddess, with other deities of thunder and water). Mbari houses are made as a gift to Ala, as a way to acknowledge Ala's charitable and overarching presence. Some Mbari houses are dedicated strictly and solely to Ala.

The shaded veranda that was created by these roofs was a popular living space for the Polish Texans, who spent much of their time there to escape the sub-tropical temperatures of Texas. The Poles in Texas added porches to these verandas, often in the southward windy side, which is an alteration to traditional folk architecture. According to oral histories recorded from descendants, the verandas were used for "almost all daily activities from preparing meals to dressing animal hides." The Poles in Texas put straw thatching on their roofs until the early 1900s, another European influence.

She was bought for ₣1,800,000 by representatives of Serge Fradkoff and transferred to the French stable of Olivier Douieb. Less than twenty-four hours after the sale, Kilijaro contested France's most prestigious sprint race, the Prix de l'Abbaye over 1000 metres at Longchamp Racecourse. Starting a 73/1 outsider she produced what was then a career-best performance, producing a sustained run over the last 400 metres to finish second by a head to the British four-year-old Double Form. Greenland Park was third, with the other beaten horses including King of Macedon, Thatching and Sigy.

Bundles or yealms of thatching straw at Woodway House Thatch requires a fair degree of maintenance, with various birds, such as the rooks and seagulls, stealing thatch to build their nests. The damage could be visually and physically significant, leading to leaks and rapid decay. Attempts to scare the seagulls away using a rifle and 'dum-dum' bullets were rather too dangerous and the only effective solution was to cover the thatch with chicken wire where it was most susceptible. Laying thatch is a very specialized craft and fortunately Devon still has a number of thatchers.

For the preparation, both Malhotra and Madan stayed in Ronsi village near Jaipur and learned the Rajasthani dialect; they also got accustomed with milking buffaloes, thatching roofs, plastering the walls with dung and walking for long distances while balancing matkas full of water on their head and one around their waist. They also had to put on 10 kg of weight. Raja Sen in his review wrote that Malhotra "plays this character with unhinged enthusiasm" and "appears to be a fearless actress." Malhotra's next release was the comedy film Badhaai Ho, co-starring Ayushmann Khurrana, which is about a middle-aged woman's pregnancy.

Carl Peter Thunberg also noted the use in thatching in 1793, as did English botanist John Lindley in 1846. Thurnberg notes the Dutch East India Company had a farm at Zeekoe Valley (17 km SSE of the Castle of Good Hope), where the reed was cultivated. He describes its use at the Cape of Good Hope as follows: Elegia tectorum was later called Chondropetalum tectorum, but cladistic analysis, conducted by Moline and Linder (2005) found that the genera of Chondropetalum and Dovea were imbedded in Elegia. In cultivation in the UK this plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

The stems of this plant are used for making cord for tying and plaiting, and in the making of baskets, mats and traps, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the bark is used for similar purposes. The leaves are used for thatching and for wrapping objects; in West Africa, for wrapping cola nuts and preventing them from becoming desiccated, while in Central African Republic, for wrapping cassava cakes. The leaves are gathered from the wild and sold at markets. The pith from inside the stems is used to make brooms, and various parts of the plant are used in traditional medicine.

The exception was the coconut palm tree. Grown all along the coast, the coconut palm was the mainstay of Kilwan life in every way - not only for the fruit, but also for timber, thatching and weaving. Kilwan merchant ships - from the large lateen-rigged dhows that plied the open oceans to the small zambucs used for local transit - were usually built from the split trunks of coconut palm wood, their sails made from coconut leaf matting and the ships held together by coconut coir. The Kilwa Sultanate conducted extensive trade with Arabia, Persia, and across the Indian Ocean, to India itself.

Thatching (31 May 1975 - 1999) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. The horse's early career was delayed and disrupted by injury and he did not show his best form until switched to sprinting distances in the spring of 1979 when he won the Duke of York Stakes. He improved further when equipped with blinkers that summer, recording impressive victories in both the Cork and Orrery Stakes and the July Cup. He had a marked tendency to veer ("hang") to the left when in front, which led to his disqualification in the William Hill Sprint Championship.

Moist areas near streams have a profuse growth of bamboo, cane and palms. About eight species of bamboo occur in the area, in moist areas in gullies, in areas previously under settlements, or subjected to some form of disturbance on the hill slopes. At least 5 commercially important cane species grow in moist areas, along with Tokko Livistona jenkinsiana, a species used extensively by locals for thatching roofs. Along the larger perennial streams, there are shingle beds with patches of tall grassland, which give way to lowland moist forests with Outenga Dillenia indica and Boromthuri Talauma hodgsonii.

Thatching at work in Bladen Valley, Briantspuddle The first known reference to the village can be found in the Geld, an assessment made for land tax purposes in 1083. The village was then known as "Pidele" and was held by a priest named Godric. The village was later mentioned in the Domesday Book in 1086 as having "land for three ploughs, a mill, thirty eight acres (15 ha) of meadow, of woodland, eleven furlongs (2.2 km) of pasture in length and 12 in width." This was valued at £4 and Godric was in charge of "about a dozen people who worked the land".

Acromyrmex heyeri workers construct the colonies nest by thatching together cut grass. At temperatures ranging from 20–30 °C, workers created more openings in the nest thatch as the internal nest temperature goes up as a method of temperature regulation for the colony. The workers will close openings in the nest thatch as the air humidity surrounding the nest decreases to reduce water loss for the colony. Studies using isoenzyme systems MDH, a-GPDH, and AMY show the occurrence of monogyny and polygyny associated or not with polyandry, which indicates that the social organization is colony-specific.

In 1857 the Cripps bought 40 acres of land at Whareama on the route to the Hawke's Bay Region and established and ran an accommodation house there called "Sevenoaks". The homestead (pictured) was built in wattle and daub with toi- toi and raupo thatching. Cripps family homestead, known as Sevenoaks, also used as post office and store, Whareama, New Zealand, ca 1860s Cripps became well known throughout the Wairarapa for running the guest house, as well as a small shop and the local mail service. Her most important community involvement was as a mid-wife, as the nearest doctor was based in Masterton, some away.

Tule reeds growing wild near water Tule (Schoenoplectus acutus also called bulrushes) have a thin (~1 cm or 0.5 inch) diameter, rounded green stems that grows to 1 to 3 metres (3–10 ft) tall. They grow well in marshes, wetlands or at the edges of bodies of water. The tule stem has a pithy interior filled with spongy tissue packed with air cells—this makes it float well on water as well as a good insulator. Native Americans used tule for making and thatching huts,Making tule huts accessed 12 May 2011 baskets, mats,Tule mats accessed 12 May 2011 boats, decoys, hats, clothing and shoes.

Koopmans- de Wet House in 1920 Restorations were led by Dr. Purcell, a zoologist and biologist, who brought a scientific rigour to the process, documenting every stage meticulously. Having stripped the plaster from the exterior walls, to expose the bricks, Purcell was able to conclude that the house was built in different stages between 1701 and 1793. The Smedinga dwelling would have been one of no more than 150 houses in the Cape Colony. It would have had a low pitched roof thatched with Elegia tectorum (Cape Thatching Reed or Dekriet), the typical examples described by Carl Peter Thunberg being of brick and white-washed.

This species is strongly associated with human migration throughout the tropics, leaves being used for thatching, the leaflets for plaiting, and the midribs being a useful material for hut construction, furniture, fences, sweeping-brushes, floats for fishing nets, ladders and poles. The epidermis on the upper surfaces of young leaflets yields raffia, a strong, commercially important fiber, used as cordage in horticulture and handicrafts, and in weaving hats, baskets, mats, shoes, bags, fishing nets, hammocks, curtains and textiles. The midveins of the leaflets are used to construct fishing nets and articles for domestic use. The terminal portion of the core is eaten as a vegetable.

Padang. The buildings were constructed of wood and atap before regulations were enacted by Swettenham in 1884 requiring buildings to use bricks and tiles. The appearance of Kuala Lumpur transformed rapidly and greatly in the following years. Early Kuala Lumpur was a small town that suffered from many social and political problems – the buildings were made of wood and atap (palm frond thatching) that were prone to fire, lack of proper sanitation plagued the town with diseases, and it suffered from a constant threat of flooding. The town became embroiled in the Selangor Civil War due in part to the fight for control of revenues from the tin mines.

Reed-covered outlet at the delta of Randers Fjord The area north of Kolind Sound (Kolindsund), 15 km north up to the coast, consists mainly of low hills with predominantly sandy soil that is quite good farmland. Northern Djursland is the most forested and least inhabited part of Djursland. Randers Fjord: The northeastern corner of northern Djursland is bounded by Randers Fjord, a long and narrow outlet through which Denmark's largest river, the Gudenå, enters the Kattegat. The land bordering Randers Fjord is in some places marshy plains covered in reeds, which to some extent are cut and used for traditional thatching of house roofs.

The gin was connected by cogs to a vertical spindle. The spindle was connected to a horizontal arrangement including a shaft attached to a horse, which turned the spindle and powered the machine by ganging or walking round and round the cogs and vertical spindle inside the walls of the gin gang. This arrangement was necessary in locations where there was no power for a water wheel, hence in Wales and Ireland there is evidence of fewer gin gangs. Gin gang at Hepple, Northumberland Gin gangs were not usually thatched but were stone−flagged, tiled or pantiled, possibly because the gin damaged potential thatching straw.

The whole framing of the > roof was secured as it was needed by wooden pins in order to save the > expense of nails, which were then both too scarce and too dear to be used by > the lower order of settlers. Indeed, all kinds of ironwork were equally > inaccessible, and instead of hinges to tie doors or window shutters, those > appurtenances were all made to revolve on wooden pivots in holes, bored a > short distance into the corresponding parts of the frames.Tucker, Ralph > Rashleigh, Chapter XIII Thatching was less common, but cumbungi (rushes),Lewis, 2.6.2 and blady grassCunningham, Two years in New South Wales p. 161 were used if available.

Much of the agricultural land was formerly marsh which itself had been drained and cultivated by Cistercian monks in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1974 commercial harvesting of the reedbeds for thatching reed began, and has continued to the present day, albeit now on a reduced scale by RSPB. At its height approximately 30-40% of the reedbeds were cut by Tayreed (company) on an annual rotation (single wale) using a mechanical harvester known as a Seiga. Even at that extent the cutting was thought to have been compatible with, if not beneficial for, the bird, plant and insect interest of the reed beds.

The parish of Wistow consists of a strip of land running north- east and south-west (some 4 miles long) and of varying breadth. It is crossed by the high road from Ramsey to St. Ives at a distance of 2½ miles from Ramsey. Rather more than half the parish is on the west side of this road. In early days the possession of a portion of the fen for the supply of reeds for thatching, fuel, and summer grazing for stock, was very important, and to obtain these advantages Wistow was connected with the fen by a narrow strip of land about 300 yards wide.

Bundles of rice straw Pile of stacked small square straw bales sheltered under a clear tarpaulin Large round straw bales Field full of straw bales in Wiltshire, England Straw is an agricultural byproduct consisting of the dry stalks of cereal plants after the grain and chaff have been removed. It makes up about half of the yield of cereal crops such as barley, oats, rice, rye and wheat. It has a number of different uses, including fuel, livestock bedding and fodder, thatching and basket making. Straw is usually gathered and stored in a straw bale, which is a bale, or bundle, of straw tightly bound with twine, wire, or string.

In the inaugural International Classification for European two-year-olds, Devon Ditty was rated on 85, making her the sixth-best juvenile of either sex and the joint second-best filly, behind the French-trained Sigy and level with the Fillies' Mile winner Formulate. The independent Timeform organisation gave her a rating of 122, the highest for any British-trained two-year-old filly. In the following year she was rated 119 by Timeform, twelve pounds below their top sprinter Thatching. The International Classification gave her a rating of 80, making her the fifth-best filly trained in Britain behind Connaught Bridge, One in a Million, Greenland Park and Topsy.

Indigenous names are reported to include: tala (Choctaw); cani (Timucua); ta ́:la (Koasati); taalachoba ("big palm", Alabama); ta:laɬ a ́ kko ("big palm", Creek); talco ́:bˆı ("big palm", Mikasuki); talimushi ("palmetto's uncle", Choctaw), and guana (Taino, possibly). Saw palmetto fibers have been found among materials from indigenous people as far north as Wisconsin and New York, strongly suggesting this material was widely traded prior to European contact. The leaves are used for thatching by several indigenous groups, so commonly so that a location in Alachua County, Florida, is named Kanapaha ("palm house"). The fruit may have been used to treat an unclear form of fish poisoning by the Seminoles and Bahamians.

Bere is a very old grain that may have been brought to Britain by Vikings in the 8th century or even from an earlier wave of settlement. In its early days it was also called "bygge" or "big," probably originating from bygg, the Old Norse term for barley. It became well-adapted to the far north of Britain as successive generations of farmers grew it, selecting each year's seeds from the best plants of the previous year. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, bere was an important crop in the Highlands and Islands region of Scotland, providing grain for milling and malting and straw for thatching and animal bedding.

The process of harvesting Manicaria saccifera leaves and using them to build a durable roof is a complicated process which requires a great deal of knowledge, effort, and skill. The size of leaves that are harvested for thatching purposes may vary with regard to the fact that Manicaria fronds may grow anywhere from two to seven meters tall, though most often leaves that are at least four to five meters in length are preferred. The number of leaves harvested from each tree also varies. Anywhere from 10 to 20 leaves are removed from a tree during a harvest, though most often locals indicated that 10 leaves are removed.

The Laurentian University field research indicates that during a Manicaria harvest, special attention is given to how much of each palm was harvested for thatching purposes. Mainly, it was indicated that least three leaves are left on each tree so that the palms were able to regenerate. Also, the harvest location was rotated to further ensure that regeneration of the Manicaria saccifera occurs. Although locals practice these two types of management to ensure that the palm does regenerate, they also indicated that they believe that this palm is a plant that will regenerate quickly and is not at risk of overharvesting, especially if done properly.

Unless India makes major, rapid and sustained effort to expand electricity generation and power plants, the rural and urban poor in India will continue to meet their energy needs through unsustainable destruction of forests and fuel wood consumption. India's dependence on fuel-wood and forestry products as a primary energy source is not only environmentally unsustainable, it is a primary cause of India's near-permanent haze and air pollution. Forestry in India is more than just about wood and fuel. India has a thriving non-wood forest products industry, which produces latex, gums, resins, essential oils, flavours, fragrances and aroma chemicals, incense sticks, handicrafts, thatching materials and medicinal plants.

The manor house in Walton was called Walton Court, and was a wattle and daub structure that was stockaded and moated and situated across the road of what is now Walton Terrace. It was throughout most of its history owned by the Church, and revenue from the manor went to Lincoln Cathedral (it was mentioned in a charter to the cathedral by King William II). It was owned privately for a brief period in the mid 17th century but was subsequently returned to the Church following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The principal crop of the manorial farm was rushing used in thatching.

Lelepa village on Savai'i Island has an iron roof replacing traditional thatching for the roof, although pola (suspended in photo), traditional 'wall blinds' around the poles of the fale are still used. The form of a fale, especially the large meeting houses, creates both physical and invisible spatial areas, which are clearly understood in Samoan custom, and dictate areas of social interaction. The use and function of the fale is closely linked to the Samoan system of social organisation, especially the Fa'amatai chiefly system. Those gathered at a formal gathering or fono are always seated cross-legged on mats on the floor, around the fale, facing each other with an open space in the middle.

Visitors were formally welcomed in 'peace and friendship' with a mether and the guest would pass the cup only to his right (sun-wise) for luck. The cup would be held in both hands. Intended also for the communal drinking and drinking bouts by the common people the mether is designed to be used by drinking from one of the four broad corners and if a drink is taken in haste the mead will flow onto the person concerned with humorous consequences adding to the festive air on the occasions of rural tasks such as funerals, weddings, fairs, sowing, haymaking, reaping, threshing, thatching, etc. Methers were also used for drinking other fluids such as milk, buttermilk, etc.

The race was dominated from the start by Golden Thatch, Double Form and Ahonoora. When Golden Thatch weakened a furlong from the finish, Double Form went to the front and held off the persistent challenge of Ahonoora to win by three-quarters of a length. Double Form was aimed at the July Cup over six furlongs at Newmarket, but was withdrawn after contracting a viral infection, and did not appear again until the William Hill Sprint Championship at York Racecourse in August. He appeared to be less than fully fit and finished fourth behind Thatching, Ahonoora and Abdu, but was promoted to third after the winner was disqualified for causing interference in the closing stages.

In 1977, the independent Timeform organisation awarded Double Form a rating of 110 p, the "p" indicating that he was expected to make significantly more than normal improvement: in their annual Racehorses of 1977, they described him as "a colt of tremendous potential". In the following year he was rated 123 by Timeform, seven pounds below their best sprinter Solinus. In the official International Classification, he was rated six pounds below Solinus and thirteen pounds behind the top-rated three-year- old Ile de Bourbon. In 1979 Timeform praised Double Form for his "grit and determination" and awarded him a rating of 130, making him their highest-rated British-trained sprinter, one pound behind the Irish-trained Thatching.

Here the land is mostly covered by grass and farmlands. The deep sandy soils of the western portion of the municipal area also give way to grass and farm-lands, with large stands of typically dry fynbos which are characterised by, amongst others, the Aloe ferox (also known as the bitter aloe, Cape aloe or red aloe) from which skin-care products are made locally, and the Chondropetalum tectorum (Cape or thatching reed) which is used for the roofing of traditional Cape-Dutch buildings. The municipal area's boundaries are the Gouritz River in the west, the Outeniqua Mountains to the north, the Maalgate River in the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south.

The origins of the gandelow’s name are unknown - it may be connected with that of the Italian gondola ('small boat') or, possibly, be a version of the Viking name for their flat- bottomed boats.McInerney, Jim (2005) "The Gandelow: a Shannon Estuary Fishing Boat" A.K. Ilen Company Ltd, Most gandelows were around 7 metres (23 feet) along and were rowed by two or three fishermen whose main catch was salmon. The boats were also used for cutting thatching reeds and for transporting people and the occasional cow or sheep. In Limerick, some boats were used to take pilots out to the ocean-going vessels or acted as small Lighter (barge)s transporting goods to the docks.

Fewer people are using thatch and since the process of learning thatch is done through observation, those of the younger generation may never have the opportunity to see a thatched roof being constructed and thus they may never learn. Yet despite this, most lodges still use palm thatch on ranchos, and with the growing tourism industry the tradition may not be completely lost to future generations. However, while it is possible that one may work at a lodge that does thatching and have an opportunity to learn how to thatch, it is apparent that overall the traditional usage of palm for non-tourist dwellings is dwindling, and few individuals are learning to harvest thatch properly in the traditional way.

The 1899 OS map shows Chapel Arches having water in three substantial arches, above a large lake at Ives Place where the present library is situated. Long before today's pound locks were built on the main River Thames, the old waterways were controlled by 'flash locks', consisting of sluices or weirs with removable sections. Barges are believed to have once operated from wharves on both the main river and its side channels. Parts of the waterway are thought to have been in active use up to at least the 1920s, witness statements recalling having seen reeds being cut for thatching and also timber being unloaded from a barge at Willow Wharf in the Moor Cut channel on Town Moor.

For "in the middle of the Plain of the Wall, a thick mist came on them, and when it was gone, Cormac found himself alone on a great plain. And he saw a great dun in the middle of the plain, with a wall of bronze around it, and in the dun a house of white silver, and it half thatched with the white wings of birds. And there was a great troop of the Riders of the Sidhe all about the house, and their arms full of white bird's wings for thatching. But as soon as they would put on the thatch, a blast of wind would come and carry it away again".

Fruit of Metroxylon vitiense The palm thrives near rivers and in marshy areas and its buoyant fruit will often land in water and float until they find suitable places to grow. Remains of partially eaten M. vitiense fruit indicate that bats and the masked shining parrot also act as dispersal vectors. Growth in Fiji's tourism industry has resulted in increased use of Fiji sago palm leaves for thatching roofs, especially by hotels, because roofing material made from its leaves can withstand Fiji's tropical climate for about 10 years. Prior to its listing as threatened, Metroxylon vitiense was considered to be a source of superior thatch and edible heart of palm for a few communities in Fiji although its historic use as a famine food is questionable.

7 March 1946, 161 residents of Bikini Island board LST 1108 as they depart from Bikini Atoll Bikini islanders arrive on Rongerik Atoll and unload pandanus for thatching the roofs of their new buildings. After World War II, the United States was engaged in a Cold War Nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union to build bigger and more destructive bombs. The nuclear weapons testing at Bikini Atoll program was a series of 23 nuclear devices detonated by the United States between 1946 and 1958 at seven test sites. The test weapons were detonated on the reef itself, on the sea, in the air and underwater with a combined fission yield of 42.2 Mt. The testing began with the Operation Crossroads series in July 1946.

The tree has a wide variety of traditional uses, exploiting almost every part of the plant. The leaves and bark have found uses in herbal medicine, in Fiji the leaves also are one of the traditional materials for thatching the bure, fallen branches serve as firewood, green wood is burned to dry copra, and the timber is used for crafts such as carvings and tool handles, as well as for building canoes and for general light construction. The fleshy mesocarp is inedible for humans, but the seed kernels serve as an important indigenous food in many island countries in the Pacific. The kernel has a protein content of about 5% and carbohydrate content of 22%, and needs to be cooked to make it edible.

Especially in wet climates, such as those of Britain, the degree of shedding of rainwater by the stack's outer surface is an important factor, and the stacking of loose hay was developed into a skilled-labor task that in its more advanced forms even involved thatching the top. In many stacking methods (with or without thatched tops), stems were oriented in sheaves, which were laid in oriented sequence. With the advent of large bales since the 1960s, today hay is often stored outdoors because the outer surface of the large bale performs the weather-shedding function. The large bales can also be stacked, which allows a given degree of exposed surface area to count for a larger volume of protected interior hay.

On her first start for her new owner she was dropped back in distance for the Gus Demmy Stakes over six furlongs and recorded her only win of the season as she prevailed by a head from the colt Son of Shaka. For the remainder of the season, Devon Ditty was campaigned in sprint races and failed to win, although she ran well in defeat on several occasions. She was unplaced behind Double Form in the King's Stand Stakes at Royal Ascot and then ran fourth behind Thatching, Vaigly Great and Greenland Park in the July Cup. At Goodwood she finished third to Ahonoora and Abdu in the King George Stakes, giving the impression that he found the five furlong trip inadequate.

On her three-year-old debut, Sigy started the 1/5 favourite for the Prix de Saint- Georges at Longchamp on 6 May but finished third, beaten seven lengths by the five-year-old King of Macedon. On 19 June she showed signs of a return to form in the Prix du Gros-Chene at Chantilly, leading from the start and winning by two and a half lengths from Lanngar. The filly was then sent overseas for the first time and moved up in distance for the six furlong July Cup at Newmarket Racecourse, but looked unimpressive before the race and finished last of the eleven runners behind Thatching. On 7 October at Longchamp, Sigy attempted to repeat her success of 1978 in the Prix de l'Abbaye.

In the inaugural International Classification, a collaboration between the official handicappers of France, Ireland and the United Kingdom, Sigy was rated the best two-year-old filly in Europe two pounds behind the leading colt Tromos and level with the leading French colt Irish River. The independent Timeform organisation rated her the best two-year-old filly of the season with a rating of 132. During the 1970s the only two-year-old fillies to be more highly rated by the organisation were Jacinth (133 in 1972) and Rose Bowl (133 in 1974). In the following year she was rated 119 by Timeform, while the International Classification rated her sixteen pounds inferior to the top- rated Three Troikas and eleven below the top sprinter Thatching.

The Rapa Nui people of Easter Island used totora reeds – locally known as nga'atu – for thatching and to make pora (swimming aids). These are used for recreation, and were formerly employed by hopu (clan champions) to reach offshore Motu Nui in the tangata manu (bird-man) competition. How the plant arrived on the island is not clear; Thor Heyerdahl argued that it had been brought by prehistoric Peruvians, but it is at least as likely to have been brought by birds.Heiser, Charles "The Totora ( Scirpus Californicus ) in Ecuador and Peru " Economic Botany Volume 32, Number 3 / July, 1978 Recent work indicates that totora has been growing on Easter Island for at least 30,000 years, which is well before humans arrived on the island.

Plastic tarpaulins are sometimes used to shed the rain, with a goal of reduced hay wastage, but the cost of the tarpaulins must be weighed against the cost of the hay spoilage percentage difference; it may not be worth the cost, or the plastic's environmental footprint. After World War II, British farmers found that the demand outstripped supply for skilled farm laborers experienced in the thatching of haystacks. This no doubt contributed to the pressure for baling in large bales to increasingly replace stacking, which was happening anyway as haymaking technology (like other farm technology) continued toward extensive mechanization with one-man operation of many tasks. Today tons of hay can be cut, conditioned, dried, raked, and baled by one person, as long as the right equipment is at hand (although that equipment is expensive).

Although the King's Stand Stakes and the Abbaye were the only two Group One races in Europe open to three-year-olds and older horses, no sprinter had previously completed the double. Double Form started 3.9/1 second favourite behind Thatching, with the other contenders including King of Macedon, Sigy, Ahonoora, Adraan (Prix d'Arenberg, Prix du Bois), Greenland Park and Kilijaro. Making the most of a favourable inside draw, Reid sent Double Form into an early lead and looked likely to win easily 400 metres from the finish. In the closing stage however, he began to tire but ran on "most bravely", and in a very close finish he prevailed by a head and a nose from Kilijaro and Greenland Park, with the Irish filly Baby Brew half a length away in fourth.

Production designer Stuart Blatt says the Angel location department had found a movie ranch with a standing set for a "Tijuana town," which they dressed for the Boxer Rebellion scenes of "Darla" and used again for the village of Pylea. He says, "it just so happens that the Chinese province town which looked a lot like Mexico also happens to look a lot like England, or Pylea or any other medieval pseudo Euro-space, alternative dimension with two suns kind of world". The set designers added timbers to the existing clay buildings, put thatching on the roofs, and created stalls for merchants and vendors. Blatt says their animal wranglers brought in "medieval chickens and goats and pigs and yaks" and old chariots were reconstructed to create the vehicles.

Pendon's White Horse Hill Engine shed on the Dartmoor scene John Ahern's Madderport Pendon Museum, located in Long Wittenham near Didcot, Oxfordshire, England, is a museum that displays scale models, in particular a large scene representing parts of the Vale of White Horse in the 1920s and 1930s. The scene, under construction since the 1950s and with parts dating back earlier, was inspired by detailed research into the architecture and landscape of the vale, with some models of cottages taking hundreds of hours to complete. It was founded by the late Roye England, (an anglophile Australian who lived in England), and run jointly by the late English Model Maker, Guy Williams, (who made fifty-seven of the museum's ninety railways). They can be seen working together in the 1958 British Pathé short, 'Hair Thatching'.

Cecil decided to give Kris more experience before Royal Ascot and he was sent to Kempton where he won the Heron Stakes easily from Blue Refrain despite being hampered on the final turn. At Royal Ascot in June he started second favourite for the St James's Palace Stakes behind Young Generation who, since the Guineas, had won both the Lockinge Stakes and the Prix Jean Prat. Kris led for most of the way and won by one and a half lengths from Young Generation with a long gap back to the Clive Brittain-trained Alert in third. In his next race, Kris was matched against older horses for the first time in the Group One Sussex Stakes at Goodwood in which he was opposed by the July Cup winner Thatching and the Champion Stakes winner Swiss Maid.

Tirol was a brown horse bred in Ireland by a partnership of Mrs R. D. Peacock and Robert Sangster's Swettenham Stud. As a weanling he was sent to the December sales where Mrs Peacock bought him outright by paying 13,000 guineas for Sangster's share. The following year he was sent to the Newmarket Highflyer sale where he was bought for 52,000 guineas by the bloodstock agent Peter Doyle on behalf of the Cork businessman John Horgan, who sent him to be trained in England by Richard Hannon Sr.. Tirol was arguably the best horse got by his sire Thatching, a top class sprinter who won the July Cup in 1979. His dam Alpine Niece showed little ability as a racehorse, but had a good pedigree, being a daughter of Great Nephew, the sire of the Derby winners Grundy and Shergar.

A minority of these woods are still operated for coppice today, often by conservation organisations, producing material for hurdle-making, thatching spars, local charcoal-burning or other crafts. The only remaining large-scale commercial coppice crop in England is sweet chestnut which is grown in parts of Sussex and Kent. Much of this was established as plantations in the 19th century for hop-pole production (hop-poles are used to support the hop plant while growing hops) and is nowadays cut on a 12 to 18-year cycle for splitting and binding into cleft chestnut paling fence, or on a 20- to 35-year cycle for cleft post-and-rail fencing, or for sawing into small lengths to be finger- jointed for architectural use. Other material goes to make farm fencing and to be chipped for modern wood-fired heating systems.

These societies probably built their houses and large superstructures from perishable materials such as wattle and daub and thatching with foundations of rounded river cobbles rather than the cut stone and rubble used in large buildings of the Mayas Similar construction techniques as used in the Ciudad Blanca area were also reported by the Spanish for the Nahua speaking Nicaroa communities in Nicaragua, too.Fowler, William (1989) The Cultural Evolution of Ancient Civilizations: The Pipil-Nicaroa of Central America. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press To date, the most extensive archaeological survey of the Department of Gracias a Dios was conducted by Begley, who documented dozens of sites with significant architectural remains. According to Begley, the region's culture was influenced by both the Maya and Nahuat people but the principal pre-Columbian population appears to have been the ancestors of the Pech, a Chibchan-speaking people.

On 17 April 2018, it was reported that Vijay Raaz and Sunil Grover had been signed to be a part of the film. While Vijay was selected to play the role of the father of the two sisters in the film, Sunil's role was described as that of a person who instigates fights between the sisters. As part of preparation for the role, Sanya Malhotra and Radhika Madan stayed in Ronsi village near Jaipur in Rajasthan and apart from learning the Rajasthani dialect, the actresses also got accustomed with milking Buffaloes, thatching roofs, plastering the walls with dung and walking for long distances while balancing matkas full of water on their head and one around their waist. Sanya and Radhika also had to put on 10 kgs of weight for the second part of the story where both of them are married and have a child each.

During the era of Korea under Japanese rule, the ruler used terms such as 'Jooga' or 'Joseon House' when they were talking about house improvement. There is a record of hanoks; however, the specific term ‘hanok’ hasn't been used prevalently. The specific word ‘hanok’ appeared in the Samsung Korean big dictionary in 1975, where it was defined as an antonym of 'western house' and as a term meaning Joseon house (Korean-style house). After the 1970s, with urban development, many apartments and row Houses were built in South Korea, and many Hanoks were demolished everywhere. From that time on, a hanok was only called a ‘’Korean traditional house.’’ In a broad sense, ‘hanok’ refers to a house with thatching or to a Neowa-jib (a shingle-roofed house) or a Giwa-jib (tile-roofed house), although the general meaning of ‘hanok’ refers to only a Giwa-jib (tile-roofed house) in Korea.

A police force of 2–300 was established by the British; most of them were Malays recruited from rural Malacca (plus a few Sikhs and Punjabis), and as many of them then brought their families here, they would form a significant part the Malay population in early Kuala Lumpur. The government offices were later moved from Bukit Aman to a more conveniently located Sultan Abdul Samad Building facing the Padang, now known as Merdeka Square, which became the centre of the British colonial administration. Frank Swettenham, who was appointed the Resident in 1882, has been credited with its rapid growth and development and its transformation into a major urban center. Early Kuala Lumpur was a small town that suffered from many social and political problems – the buildings were made of wood and atap (thatching) that were prone to fire, lack of proper sanitation plagued the town with diseases, and it suffered from a constant threat of flooding.

A weak man who preferred to engage in activities like thatching and ditch-digging rather than jousting, hunting, or the usual entertainments of kings, he spent most of his reign trying in vain to control the nobility, who in return showed continual hostility to him. Meanwhile, the Scottish leader Robert Bruce began retaking all the territory conquered by Edward I. In 1314, the English army was disastrously defeated by the Scots at the Battle of Bannockburn. Edward also showered favours on his companion Piers Gaveston, a knight of humble birth. While it has been widely believed that Edward was a homosexual because of his closeness to Gaveston, there is no concrete evidence of this. The king's enemies, including his cousin Thomas of Lancaster, captured and murdered Gaveston in 1312. Edward's downfall came in 1326 when his wife, Queen Isabella, travelled to her native France and, with her lover Roger Mortimer, invaded England.

During the boom years of the 1920s, as immigration and tourism to the Territory of Hawaii from the West Coast of the United States increased sharply, many new private homes for the growing middle class showed the design influence of the California bungalows or Mock Tudor English cottages so popular in the Continental United States. One of the most influential architects in Honolulu, Hart Wood, had published a series of articles extolling the appropriateness of the English cottage style for suburban living. In 1920, he moved his practice from San Francisco to Honolulu, where he designed three of the fifteen exemplary English Tudor-French Norman Cottages built during 1923-1932 that were added to the National Register of Historic Places on 5 June 1987. The Tudor features include asymmetrical, multilevel floor plans and projections, half-timber and stucco facades, small-paned casement windows, and roofs that are either high- pitched or rounded to resemble thatching.

The badge consists of a dagger with three diagonal lightning bolts in red across it. A subdued version was produced for wear on nutria (brown's) uniforms. With the introduction of camouflage, a new version was produced on green thatching. # Awarding Authority: Awarding of this badge has been suspended # Description ## Dress No 1 – 3 and 5C: Identification, 61 Mechanised, Chrome and Enamel (Rectangular bar (upright) in yellow with a black dagger embellished in silver and three red lightning flashes angled diagonally across the blade (10 mm wide, 40 mm long)) ## Dress No 5A: Identification, 61 Mechanised, Chrome and Enamel, Miniature (Rectangular bar (upright) in yellow with a black dagger embellished in silver and three red lightning flashes angled diagonally across the blade (10 mm wide, 40 mm long)) ## Dress No 4: Identification, 61 Mechanised, Black on Thatch beige (Rectangular bar (upright) with a black dagger and three black lightning flashes angled diagonally across the blade) ## This badge knife points to the heart of wearer.

The site was abandoned in 1537 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the only further construction being a pillbox that was built inside the chapel during World War II. The ruins are a scheduled monument of national importance. Peat cutting took place at Minsmere from at least the 12th century, and a 1237 description of the coastline describes Minsmere as a port. In a survey of 1587, an early Tudor period artillery battery, constructed sometime after 1539 at Minsmere,Good & Pluviez (2007) p. 15. was in ruins; the survey recommended that it be rebuilt. A coastguard station operated at Minsmere in the 1840s in an attempt to control smuggling along this stretch of the coast.White (1855) p. 505. In about 1780 a sandbank closed the mouth of the Minsmere River, creating a large freshwater wetland on its inland side. The reeds that grew there were cut for thatching, and access was improved by using sand from the higher alluvial areas to build tracks across the marshes.Axell & Hosking (1977) p. 25.

Les Nouvelles CalédoniennesThe name is a pun, and can be read in English as "The Caledonian News" or "Women of New Caledonia" is the only daily newspaper in the archipelago.PFF stands in solidarity with Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes stands in solidarity with Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes, Scoop, 11 March 2014 A monthly publication, Le Chien bleu, parodies the news from New Caledonia. There are five radio stations: the public service broadcaster RFO radio Nouvelle-Calédonie, Océane FM (the collectivity's newest station), the youth- oriented station NRJ, Radio Djiido (established by Jean-Marie Tjibaou), and Radio Rythmes Bleus. The last two stations are primarily targeted to the various Kanak groups who are indigenous to New Caledonia ("Djiido" is a term from the Fwâi language, spoken in Hienghène in the North Province, denoting a metal spike used to secure straw thatching to the roof of a traditional Kanak house). As for television, the public service broadcaster France Télévision operates a local channel, Réseau Outre-Mer 1re, along with France 2, France 3, France 4, France 5, France Ô, France 24 and Arte.