In the black-and-white picture, he sits imperiously in a galabiya, a cane in one hand and a tarboosh on his head.
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In the shade of a stone shelter, a barefoot man in a cerulean turban met a shodden man in a citrine tarboosh.
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After the fall of the Saadi dynasty (1649), Fez was a major trading post of the Barbary Coast of North Africa. Until the 19th century it was the only source of fezzes (also known as the tarboosh). Then manufacturing began in France and Turkey as well. Originally, the dye for the hats came from a berry that was grown outside the city, known as the Turkish kızılcık or Greek akenia (Cornus mas).
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A fez The Fez (), also called Tarboosh (,Hans Wehr, Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th ed., page 649. derived from ), is a felt headdress in the shape of a short cylindrical peakless hat, usually red, and sometimes with a tassel attached to the top. The name "Fez" refers to the Moroccan city of Fez (capital of the Kingdom of Morocco until 1927), where the dye to colour the hat was extracted from crimson berries.
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A political reading cannot be simply dismissed though since Beckett himself "briefly entertained making each character wear a tarboosh, fezlike headgear associated with Armenians."Ackerley, C. J. and Gontarski, S. E., (Eds.) The Faber Companion to Samuel Beckett, (London: Faber and Faber, 2006), p 642 Even today "[t]orture and ill-treatment in police custody remain widespread in Armenia. Torture usually occurs in pre-trial detention with the aim of coercing a confession or evidence against third parties."Quotation from Human Rights Watch website HRW.
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In the early years, the number of students was very limited, especially when only the remarkably smart students or the sons of merchants and elite families were admitted. Around 20% of the students were Jewish. The system applied at the School was at first military-based, then became civilian. Every student was charged a fee that amounted to one Rupee (as of September 11, 1920). The School’s student uniform consisted of a dark suit, bow tie, and Sidara Faisaliyah (Sudarp – small black hat), which was later changed to the Tarboosh (fez).
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His complexion was of a rich mellow indescribable olive tint, and his > hair a glossy black; his teeth were regular and of the whitest ivory, and > the glance of his eye was keen at times, but generally soft and lustrous. > With the tarboosh upon his head which he seemed to wear uneasily, he > reclined, rather than sat upon the opposite side of the divân, while his > hand played in unconscious familiarity with the hilt of his yataghan. He > looked like one who would be 'Steel amid the din of arms, and wax when with > the fair.'Lynch, 1849, p.
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Undaunted, he snatches up her little laptog, Mitzi, when he sees she is unattended. Back at the hotel, Powers, who asks if everyone in Egypt is a Shriner (their official headgear is the same fez, or tarboosh, worn by Egyptian men), is upset to find Diana's wedding regalia didn't travel well. (Powers' role is that of comic relief, and her negative experiences with, and suspicion of, everything Egyptian is a running joke. Only the efficient Jamil meets with her approval.) This is forgotten when Diana realizes Mitzi is missing, but her panic is alleviated when Jamil appears with her dog, claiming credit for saving her from being hit by a train.
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The badge of rank of a muntaz consisted of a gallon of red wool fabric, in the shape of a corner, with the tip pointing toward the shoulder, with a black triangular undercloth. Moreover a muntaz wore a star and a gallon on his tarboosh, with the base parallel to the lower edge of the hat itself.Regolamento dei Regi Corpi Truppe Coloniali (1929) On the badge there were also marks of long service and merit (the Crown of Savoy) as a badge of merit for promotion in war, and the frieze of specialty (gunner, chosen gunner, musician, trumpeter, drummer, saddler, farrier) and the badge for injury in war. A muntaz of the zaptié in the full dress wore also white and black ostrich feathers on his hat.
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