Remember, those trade deficits are subtractions from the U.S. GDP.
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Briefly, before digging in: Subtractions: Gunplay as a necessary part of the mechanics of the game.
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Once the additions and subtractions were finalized the total number of cards potentially affected stood at 429,000.
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IT HAS BEEN a year of additions and subtractions in Ms. Fiume's classroom, some of them related.
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Last-minute additions and subtractions with enormous impact have been quietly announced, retracted, or kept up in the air.
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And with each splitting, you replace multiplications that require many steps to compute with additions and subtractions that require far fewer.
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And as much as trade surpluses are net contributions to GDP growth, trade deficits are net subtractions from deficit countries' economies.
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But more than that, my passbook's additions and subtractions represented something more fundamental and sacrosanct: where I stood with my financial affairs.
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It's why the resolution went through several additions, subtractions and iterations even *after* McConnell announced all 53 Senate Republicans were behind it.
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Chickens have been able to out-perform toddlers in math tests, keeping track mentally of additions and subtractions when a game was shuffled around.
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Southeast Division Key additions: Russell Westbrook, Tyson Chandler, Thabo Sefolosha Key subtractions: Chris Paul Draft: None Well, the Houston Rockets had a quiet summer.
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She also noted that their wedding won't be more than 200 people, so they'll likely have to end up making some subtractions to pare down the final list.
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He has an urgent task of preventing the erosion of the country's growth by huge trade deficits — subtractions from American GDP that are depressants of jobs and incomes.
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Mylan paid rebates on slightly less than the $960 million amount, which was reduced because of subtractions for so-called dispensing fee — rebates are not assessed on those fees.
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Now the American women, with some inevitable additions to and subtractions from the roster and a continuing wage dispute with the national soccer federation, are back at it again.
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None of Apple's additions improve professional workflows yet, and its subtractions will lead to plenty of headaches The ultra-flat keyboard with 0.55mm key travel is also not professionally minded.
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Two subtractions from the Mets' roster have already taken place in the past week, with first baseman Lucas Duda traded to Tampa Bay and reliever Josh Edgin designated for assignment.
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Those deficits are subtractions from American economic growth, they are killing output and employment in American import-competing industries, and they are raising America's $10 trillion in net foreign debt.
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It's sort of hard to explain, but by the time we're up to the tens of billions, we're flexing an insane amount of clock cycles just to do these simple subtractions and additions.
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"We use [the fast Fourier transform] in a much more violent way, use it several times instead of a single time, and replace even more multiplications with additions and subtractions," van der Hoeven said.
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Karatsuba's method involves breaking up the digits of a number and recombining them in a novel way that allows you to substitute a small number of additions and subtractions for a large number of multiplications.
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Here are net capacity additions and subtractions from the US power fleet, from 2011 to 2016: As you can see, crappy old coal plants are coming offline and nobody's building new plants to replace them.
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"We suspect widening trade deficits and resulting subtractions from GDP growth will be a persistent feature of GDP this year as domestic demand outpaces the economy's supply potential," said John Ryding, chief economist at RDQ Economics in New York.
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In one October 2300 email chain, Kavanaugh asked colleague Courtney Elwood, now the CIA&aposs general counsel, to "review to see if you have any additions/subtractions" on some talking points he had drafted concerning an anti-terrorism bill.
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The G-20 meeting, scheduled for late June in Japan, could be an opportunity for the U.S. to begin reducing its trade deficits — large subtractions from its aggregate demand — by leading the way to an appropriate economic policy coordination on a global scale.
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But I marked his centennial because, to the few people left on earth who still grieve for him after nearly 44 years, it had to matter for just one day, as just a fleeting number in this life of constant additions and subtractions.
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Once you both agree on additions or subtractions, sign your initials next to the changes, make a copy or two, keep a copy of any deposit paid (say, a cancelled check or receipt for a cash deposit), and congratulations on your new apartment!
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Berlin died in 1989, and while the writers of the show's book, Gordon Greenberg and Chad Hodge, have made additions and subtractions to and from both the story and the score, the basic ingredients (including that infernal — sorry, I mean immortal — song) are borrowed from the movie.
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Judging by what we have seen so far, there will be no such enlargements by the Trump regime, only subtractions, in service to commercial interests and to the durable belief among some in the West that the public lands belong not to the American people but to them.
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"If the position from the EU is that the withdrawal agreement can't be changed - whether it's add-ons or subtractions - full stop, which is their position today, then let's face it, they will be taking the decision to see the UK leave on no-deal terms, and that's a responsibility they will have to bear," Raab said.
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SCOTT CACCIOLA Key additions: Anthony Davis, Jared Dudley, Danny Green, Dwight Howard, Quinn Cook Key subtractions: Lonzo Ball, Brandon Ingram, Josh Hart Draft: None The Lakers are trying to reboot for the second season of the LeBron James Experience: new coach, new supporting cast and loftier expectations after nearly everything that could have gone wrong last season went wrong.
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"If the position from the EU is that the withdrawal agreement can't be changed - whether it's add-ons or subtractions - full stop, which is their position today, then let's face it, they will be taking the decision to see the U.K. leave on no-deal terms, and that's a responsibility they will have to bear," Raab told Reuters during a visit to Mexico City.
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Soils can be thought of as open systems in that they represent a boundary between the earth and the atmosphere where materials are transported and are changed. There are four basic types of flux: additions, subtractions, transfers, and transformations (Simonson 1978; Anderson 1988). Examples of addition can include mineral grains and leaf litter, while subtractions can include surficial erosion of minerals and of organic matter.
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Jeanpierre Guédon, professor and inventor of the transform called it: "Mojette Transform". The word "Mojette" comes from the name of white beans in Vendee, originally written "Moghette" or "Mojhette". In many countries, bean is a basic educational tool representing an exact unit that teaches visually additions and subtractions. Therefore, the choice of the name "Mojette" serves to emphasize the fact that the transform uses only exact unit in additions and subtractions.
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The square root version, the EC-132, effectively subtracted consecutive odd integers, each decrement requiring two consecutive subtractions. After the first, the minuend was incremented by one before the second subtraction.
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Division can be carried out by successive subtractions: the quotient is the number of time the divisor can be subtracted from the dividend, and the remainder is what is left rest after all the possible subtractions. This process, which can be very long, may be made efficient if instead of the divisor we subtract multiple of the divisor, and computations are easier if we restrict to multiple by a power of 2. In facts, this is what we do in the long division method.
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The B version contains the same basic narrative, with significant additions and subtractions. It was edited (Irish only) by Meyer in Anecdd. I,Kuno Meyer, ed., Tucait indarba na nDéssi (Expulsion of the Déssi), in Anecdota from Irish Manuscripts, vol. i.
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Hexadecimal systems are based on 16. The traditional Chinese units of measurement were base-16. For example, one jīn (斤) in the old system equals sixteen taels. The suanpan (Chinese abacus) can be used to perform hexadecimal calculations such as additions and subtractions.
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In 2009, she was invited by the publisher Gervais Jaussad to produce an edition of twelve unique artist books pairing her work with poetry by Jerome Rothenberg.Herzog, Elana (art) and Jerome Rothenberg (poetry). Romantic Subtractions/Romantic Dadas, Collectif Generation, Gervais Jassaud, 2009.Gervais Jassaud. Artists.
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Manipulating expressions is the basis of algebra. Factorization is one of the most important methods for expression manipulation for several reasons. If one can put an equation in a factored form , then the solving problem splits into two independent (and generally easier) problems and . When an expression can be factored, the factors are often much simpler, and may, therefore, offer some insight on the problem. For example, :x^3-ax^2-bx^2-cx^2+ abx+acx+bcx-abc having 16 multiplications, 4 subtractions and 3 additions, may be factored into the much simpler expression :(x-a)(x-b)(x-c), with only two multiplications and three subtractions.
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Myers, Holly. "A Dramatic Gaze up at the Hilltop," Los Angeles Times, January 28, 2005, p. E24. Focused on vernacular domestic architecture, the series both amplified and undermined its associations with solidity, rootedness and Southern California affluence through disorienting angles and perspectives, claustrophobic compositions and selective subtractions and additions.Tumlir, Jan.
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The swell incorporated at least three eighteenth-century stops. The restoration by Bishop and Son of Ipswich in 1970 was sensitive and imaginative. The Thamar organ was restored with no additions or subtractions (apart from a board for bottom C#). The cornet was rediscovered in the Rectory attic and repaired, restored and reconstructed.
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Calculating machines did not become commercially viable until 1851, when Thomas de Colmar released, after thirty years of development, his simplified arithmometer, the first machine strong enough to be used daily in an office environment. The Arithmometer was designed around Leibniz wheels and initially used Pascal's 9's complement method for subtractions.
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Logarithmic differentiation relies on the chain rule as well as properties of logarithms (in particular, the natural logarithm, or the logarithm to the base e) to transform products into sums and divisions into subtractions. The principle can be implemented, at least in part, in the differentiation of almost all differentiable functions, providing that these functions are non-zero.
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The 1972 Winter Olympics held in Sapporo saw no additions or subtractions of events for women. At the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, archery was held for the first time since 1920. At the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, ice dancing was added to the programme.Ice dancing is a pairs event with one male and one female.
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Post-award administration typically consists of making minor changes, additions or subtractions, that in some way change the terms of the agreement or the Seller's Scope of Supply. Such changes are often minor, but for auditing purposes must be documented into the existing agreement. Examples include increasing the quantity of a Line Item or changing the metallurgy of a particular component.
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This must be followed by a conditional subtraction of m if the result is too large, but the number of subtractions is limited to ad/m, which can be easily limited to one if d is small. If a double-width product is unavailable, and the multiplier is chosen carefully, Schrage's method may be used. To do this, factor m = qa+r, i.e.
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The house stands mostly as it did in 1861 save a few alterations. The front porch was screened in at the time the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places, the screens have since been removed. At the rear of the house a small porch was enclosed. In 1909 or 1910 there were major subtractions and replacements.
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Output CRT Three programs were written for the computer. The first, consisting of 17 instructions, was written by Kilburn, and so far as can be ascertained first ran on 21 June 1948. It was designed to find the highest proper factor of 218 (262,144) by trying every integer from 218 − 1 downwards. The divisions were implemented by repeated subtractions of the divisor.
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The Pascaline is a direct adding machine (it has no crank), so the value of a number is added to the accumulator as it is being dialed in. By moving a display bar, the operator can see either the number stored in the calculator or the complement of its value. Subtractions are performed like additions using some properties of 9's complement arithmetic.
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516 on the other hand a new method for studying partial waves using the Laplace transform.A.Martin, « Analyticity of partial waves obtained from the Schrödinger equation », Nuovo cimento, 14, (1959), p. 516 After the proof, due to Froissart, that the total effective cross section cannot grow faster than the logarithm squared of the energy, using the Mandelstam representation,M.Froissart, « Asymptotic Behavior and Subtractions in the Mandelstam Representation », Phys.
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Division in overscore notation is problematic because it requires a sequence of subtractions, which are problematic in overscore notation. Division in quote notation proceeds just like multiplication in quote notation, producing the answer digits from right to left, each one determined by the rightmost digit of the current difference and divisor (trivial in binary). For division, quote notation is superior to both overscore and numerator-denominator notations.
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Dodge (2011), p. 292 On 29 July at Biberach an der Riss, the Swabian Regional Contingent was disarmed by Fröhlich on the instructions of Charles. These subtractions left Charles with only three-quarters of the strength of Moreau. On 2 August, Moreau's troops bumped into the Austrians at Geislingen an der Steige and for a week afterward there was constant skirmishing with Charles' rear guard.
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Booth's algorithm follows this old scheme by performing an addition when it encounters the first digit of a block of ones (0 1) and a subtraction when it encounters the end of the block (1 0). This works for a negative multiplier as well. When the ones in a multiplier are grouped into long blocks, Booth's algorithm performs fewer additions and subtractions than the normal multiplication algorithm.
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Asher's work takes the form of "subtle yet deliberate interventions – additions, subtractions or alterations – in particular environments."James Rondeau, Thinking Space , Frieze, March 2008. His pieces were always site- specific; they were always temporary, and whatever was made or moved for them was destroyed or put back after the exhibitions. Much of Asher's work, especially in the 70s, focused upon the specific idiosyncrasies of the gallery as an artistic space.
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Lord Wellington After the various subtractions of strength, Joseph had only 33,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 100 guns to face Wellington. Napoleon assured his brother Joseph that the British general was too cautious to take advantage of the situation, and in any case could only deploy 30,000 British and 20,000 Portuguese soldiers. In fact, Wellington was on the march with 52,000 British, 28,000 Portuguese, and 25,000 Spanish troops.Glover (2001), p.
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The machine performs multiplication by repeated addition, and division by repeated subtraction. The basic operation performed is to add (or subtract) the operand number to the accumulator register, as many times as desired (to subtract, the operating crank is turned in the opposite direction). The number of additions (or subtractions) is controlled by the multiplier dial. It operates like a telephone dial, with ten holes in its circumference numbered 0–9.
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Each edit produces a note in the pentatonic scale. The bell-like sounds of a celesta correspond to edits with a net addition of content to Wikipedia, and the strums of a clavichord correspond to net subtractions of content. The pitch is inversely proportional to the size of the edit (lower pitched notes are produced by larger edits). Newly registered Wikipedia users are welcomed by a violin chord.
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Schwarz noted a pattern in which adjustments that would result in additions to the stats of big-name players were made, but not those that required subtractions. This process continued in later editions, making the book less accurate.Schwarz, pp. 159–160. Sports Illustrated Jonathan Yardley criticized the second edition for its size reduction, suggesting that updated player stats should have been released in a supplement to the original book.
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The Multimedia Acceleration eXtensions or MAX are instruction set extensions to the Hewlett-Packard PA-RISC instruction set architecture (ISA). MAX was developed to improve the performance of multimedia applications that were becoming more prevalent during the 1990s. MAX instructions operate on 32- or 64-bit SIMD data types consisting of multiple 16-bit integers packed in general purpose registers. The available functionality includes additions, subtractions and shifts.
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The number of arithmetic operations required to perform row reduction is one way of measuring the algorithm's computational efficiency. For example, to solve a system of equations for unknowns by performing row operations on the matrix until it is in echelon form, and then solving for each unknown in reverse order, requires divisions, multiplications, and subtractions,, p. 12. for a total of approximately operations. Thus it has arithmetic complexity of ; see Big O notation.
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For the quarters, e.g. 7:45, in German different dialects use or (literally "quarter past seven" or "quarter eight"), and or (literally "quarter to eight" or "three-quarters eight"). In the French language, the quarters are expressed as additions or subtractions of the full hour: (literally "seven hours and quarter"), ("seven hours and half"), ("eight hours less the quarter"). It's also common to use this format in Portuguese, specifically in the northern part of Portugal.
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In particle physics the Froissart bound,Froissart, Marcel (1961). Asymptotic Behavior and Subtractions in the Mandelstam Representation. Physical Review 123 (3): 1053-1057. or Froissart limit, is a generic constraint that the total scattering cross section of two colliding high-energy particles cannot increase faster than c×ln2(s), with c a normalization constant and s the square of the center-of-mass energy (s is one of the three Mandelstam variables).
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The mechanical versions were made faster and more reliable, then a line of electro-mechanical models was added in the 1930s. It was the first mechanical calculator to receive an all-electronic calculator engine in 1961, with the ANITA Mark VII model released by Sumlock Comptometer. This created the link between the mechanical calculator industries and the electronic. Although the comptometer was primarily an adding machine, it could also do subtractions, multiplication and division.
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Arithmetic expressions involving operations such as additions, subtractions, multiplications, divisions, minima, maxima, powers, exponentials, logarithms, square roots, absolute values, etc., are commonly used in risk analyses and uncertainty modeling. Convolution is the operation of finding the probability distribution of a sum of independent random variables specified by probability distributions. We can extend the term to finding distributions of other mathematical functions (products, differences, quotients, and more complex functions) and other assumptions about the intervariable dependencies.
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In probability theory and statistics, odds and similar ratios may be more natural or more convenient than probabilities. In some cases the log-odds are used, which is the logit of the probability. Most simply, odds are frequently multiplied or divided, and log converts multiplication to addition and division to subtractions. This is particularly important in the logistic model, in which the log-odds of the target variable are a linear combination of the observed variables.
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For sufficiently small finite fields, a table of Zech logarithms allows an especially efficient implementation of all finite field arithmetic in terms of a small number of integer addition/subtractions and table look- ups. The utility of this method diminishes for large fields where one cannot efficiently store the table. This method is also inefficient when doing very few operations in the finite field, because one spends more time computing the table than one does in actual calculation.
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It underwent significant additions and subtractions of text during later periods leading to the inclusion of many words which have nothing to do with Plato or his philosophy. The purpose of the Lexicon was to explain the usage of words and phrases which occur in Plato's works. The first detailed study of the manuscript and edition of the Lexicon was produced in the late 18th century by David Ruhnken (1754; 2nd ed. 1789) who also provided a detailed commentary.
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Testimony of Walter S. Steele regarding Communist activities in the United States. Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eightieth Congress, first session, on H. R. 1884 and H. R. 2122, bills to curb or outlaw the Communist Party in the United States. Public law 601 (section 121, subsection Q (2) July 21, 1947. Various alterations were made over time, including the deletion of ephemeral personnel names as well as additions and subtractions where merited.
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To multiply by a single digit, 0–9, a knob-shaped stylus is inserted in the appropriate hole in the dial, and the crank is turned. The multiplier dial turns clockwise, the machine performing one addition for each hole, until the stylus strikes a stop at the top of the dial. The result appears in the accumulator windows. Repeated subtractions are done similarly except the multiplier dial turns in the opposite direction, so a second set of digits, in red, are used.
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An Inconvenient Tax examines the Federal Income Tax and how Congress uses the complex tax code to achieve political goals that are unrelated to raising revenue. The result of 95 years of additions, subtractions, deductions, and exclusions, the 62,000 page tax code is so complex that many are voicing their desire to greatly simplify it or to even completely remove it. Currently, tax revenue cannot even pay for government spending. The film follows the progression of taxation through wars, economic booms, and significant presidencies in U.S. history.
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Thanks to the redundancy of the transform, sent packets can be fragmented without loss. Additionally, the fact of using only additions and subtractions increases the speed of information transmission. Finally, the information cannot be reconstructed without having the initial angle of the projections, so it also provides data security. This application has been selected by Thales Cholet for its ad hoc network (using wireless network and terminals to transmit messages between them) in order to secure the information and has multiple paths between the source and destination.
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Doing simple subtractions may lead to errors as two cells may display the same numeric value while storing two separate values. An example of this occurs in a sheet where the following cells are set to the following numeric values: :A1:= 28.552 :A2:= 27.399 :A3:= 26.246 and the following cells contain the following formulas :B1: = A1 - A2 :B2: = A2 - A3 Both cells B1 and B2 display 1.1530. However, if cell C1 contains the formula B1 - B2 then C1 does not display 0 as would be expected, but displays -3.55271E-15 instead.
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Some criticize this as being more cumbersome than the D&D; D20 System while Palladium defends their method as allowing for a wider variety of skills. However, Combat is determined through the use of 20 sided dice. In its most basic form the combat system is an opposed roll of two dice, with additions and subtractions for character skills and environmental factors. One character will generally be offensive, the other defensive, and the highest dice roll will determine if the defender is struck by the offensive character's attack.
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The whole Bible was accepted as scripture by means of holy tradition practised within the early church. The writing and acceptance took five centuries, by which time the holy scriptures themselves had become in their entirety a part of holy tradition. But holy tradition did not change, because "that faith which has been believed everywhere, always, and by all" remained consistent, without additions, and without subtractions. The historical development of the Divine Liturgy and other worship services and devotional practices of the church provide a similar example of extension and growth "without change".
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Kennedy counterattacked by suggesting that it was bigotry to relegate one-quarter of all Americans to second-class citizenship just because they were Catholic. In the final count, the additions and subtractions to Kennedy's vote because of religion probably canceled out. He won a close election; The New York Times reported a "narrow consensus" among the experts that Kennedy had won more than he lost as a result of his Catholicism,New York Times, November 20, 1960, Section 4, p. E5 as Catholics flocked to Kennedy to demonstrate their group solidarity in demanding political equality.
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Tabari also states that these writings of the rabbis were mistaken by some Jews to be part of the Torah. A minority view held among scholars such as Al-Maqdisi is that the text of the Torah itself was corrupted. Maqdisi claimed that the Torah had been distorted in the time of Moses, by the seventy elders when they came down from Mount Sinai. Maqdisi states that the Torah was further corrupted in the time of Ezra, when his disciples made additions and subtractions in the text narrated by Ezra.
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Concretely, these payments involve additions and subtractions from "margin accounts" held at the Futures clearinghouse. It is significant that both the long and short side have to put up margin, because at the moment the contract is entered, both are in a sense equally likely to lose and so equally likely to have to make a payment to the other side. By means of Margin Calls, Commodity Futures shifts future imbalances between cash inflows and outflows into the present. Financial crisis in the present can also arise when these future imbalances get so large that they disrupt the present.
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The Qurʾan mentions the word Torah eighteen times, and confirms that it was the word of God. However, Muslims also believe that there were additions and subtractions in the Torah, according to a verse of the Quran which says : "Woe to those who write the book with their own hands in exchange for a small amount of money, woe to them by what their hands have written and Woe to them from what they were doing ". Another early Qurʾanic exegete Called Tabari referred to the Jewish Torah in his words as "the Torah that they possess today".Camilla Adang.
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An unusual 18th-century set of Napier's bones in which the numbers are on rotating cylinders rather than rods of square cross-section Napier's bones is a manually-operated calculating device created by John Napier of Merchiston, Scotland for the calculation of products and quotients of numbers. The method was based on lattice multiplication, and also called 'rabdology', a word invented by Napier. Napier published his version in 1617 in Rabdologiæ, printed in Edinburgh, dedicated to his patron Alexander Seton. Using the multiplication tables embedded in the rods, multiplication can be reduced to addition operations and division to subtractions.
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Wavelengths The photometric system called UBV (from Ultraviolet, Blue, Visual), also called the Johnson system (or Johnson-Morgan system), is wide band, and usually employed for classifying stars according to their colors. It has been the first known standardized photometric system. The letters U, B, and V stand for ultraviolet, blue, and visual magnitudes, which are measured for a star; two subtractions are then performed in a specific order to classify it in the system. The choice of colors on the blue end of the spectrum is because of the bias that photographic film has for those colors.
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The Z1 was freely programmable via punched tape and a punched tape reader. There was a clear separation between the punched tape reader, the control unit for supervising the whole machine and the execution of the instructions, the arithmetic unit, and the input and output devices. The input tape unit read perforations in 35-millimeter film."History of the Computer", G. A. Erskine, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland The Z1 was a 22-bit floating-point value adder and subtracter, with some control logic to make it capable of more complex operations such as multiplication (by repeated additions) and division (by repeated subtractions).
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The fast Walsh–Hadamard transform applied to a vector of length 8 Example for the input vector (1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0) In computational mathematics, the Hadamard ordered fast Walsh–Hadamard transform (FWHTh) is an efficient algorithm to compute the Walsh–Hadamard transform (WHT). A naive implementation of the WHT of order n = 2^m would have a computational complexity of O(n^2). The FWHTh requires only n \log n additions or subtractions. The FWHTh is a divide and conquer algorithm that recursively breaks down a WHT of size n into two smaller WHTs of size n/2.
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The number of subtractions is limited to ad/m, which can be easily limited to one if d is small and is chosen. (This condition also ensures that d is a single-width product; if it is violated, a double-width product must be computed.) When the modulus is a Mersenne prime (d = 1), the procedure is particularly simple. Not only is multiplication by d trivial, but the conditional subtraction can be replaced by an unconditional shift and addition. To see this, note that the algorithm guarantees that , meaning that x = 0 and x = m are both impossible.
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He first tried to build a machine that could multiply automatically while sitting on top of the Pascaline, assuming (wrongly) that all the dials on Pascal's calculator could be operated at the same time. Even though this could not be done, it was the first time that a pinwheel was described and used in the drawing of a calculator. He then devised a competing design, the Stepped Reckoner which was meant to perform additions, subtractions and multiplications automatically and division under operator control. Leibniz struggled for forty years to perfect this design and produced two machines, one in 1694 and one in 1706.
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The size and shape of Campbell's Island has been somewhat variable in historic times, due to additions and subtractions created by the power of the Mississippi River. Today, the island is approximately 1.25 miles (2 km) long and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) wide. It is the home of a suburban community that dwells on a ring road that circles the island. The low-lying Campbell's Island is subject to flooding, and many of the island homes are raised, built on stilts, or otherwise constructed so as to minimize damage during periods of high water such as the Great Flood of 1993.
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In 1963, Peter Ungar suggested setting m to i to obtain a similar reduction in the complex multiplication algorithm. To multiply (a + b i) · (c + d i), follow these steps: # compute b · d, call the result F # compute a · c, call the result G # compute (a + b) · (c + d), call the result H # the imaginary part of the result is K = H − F − G = a · d + b · c # the real part of the result is G − F = a · c − b · d Like the algorithm in the previous section, this requires three multiplications and five additions or subtractions.
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The point on the finite length slowed down as it reached the end of the line, so never actually reaching it. He used the distance between P & Q to define the logarithm. By repeated subtractions Napier calculated for L ranging from 1 to 100. The result for L=100 is approximately 0.99999 = 1 − 10−5. Napier then calculated the products of these numbers with for L from 1 to 50, and did similarly with and . These computations, which occupied 20 years, allowed him to give, for any number N from 5 to 10 million, the number L that solves the equation :N=10^7 (1-10^{-7})^L.
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While Pescheret's work mastered monochromatic images, he established a national reputation as a color etcher. Most of his work was produced using a single plate, all the color necessary to the development of the image rubbed into the copper plate then printed by passing the plate and through the press. Only one print is obtained from one coloring, and it must be a perfect print, as no additions or subtractions can me made after the print is struck. In 1954 Pescheret's color etching were shown at the O'Brian Galleries in PhoenixO'Brien Galleries Announcement, Arizona Republic, January 21, 1954 and in 1955 the Arizona State Museum exhibited thirty of his color etching.
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He did not appear in another game until July 27 wherein Stallings removed him after making two errors, and he managed to get himself ejected by the umpire as he sat on the bench. Trost continued to see playing time as catcher and at first base but did not appear in another game following the afternoon of August 9 when he was removed during the fourth inning. As the team slipped to third place, several players were added to make up for recent roster subtractions, but more were yet to come. Stallings signed first baseman Al Gibson, who joined the club on July 23, only to be released on August 1.
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Both these methods break up the subtraction as a process of one digit subtractions by place value. Starting with a least significant digit, a subtraction of subtrahend: :sj sj−1 ... s1 from minuend :mk mk−1 ... m1, where each si and mi is a digit, proceeds by writing down , , and so forth, as long as si does not exceed mi. Otherwise, mi is increased by 10 and some other digit is modified to correct for this increase. The American method corrects by attempting to decrease the minuend digit mi+1 by one (or continuing the borrow leftwards until there is a non- zero digit from which to borrow).
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Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of the binary message string, with a fixed number of zeroes appended, by the "generator polynomial" string except that exclusive or operations replace subtractions. Division of this type is efficiently realised in hardware by a modified shift register, and in software by a series of equivalent algorithms, starting with simple code close to the mathematics and becoming faster (and arguably more obfuscated) through byte-wise parallelism and space–time tradeoffs. CRC. The generator is a Galois-type shift register with XOR gates placed according to powers (white numbers) of x in the generator polynomial.
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Records of the Committee on Commerce (1819-1892)) History and Jurisdiction With technological advances and over time, federal policy issues and regulation regarding commercial aspects under their jurisdiction also would change; these would be accompanied with many additions and some subtractions. The committee's responsibilities included its traditional customs collection districts, ports of entry, and ports of delivery, and compensation of customhouse officials. The committee exercised jurisdiction over obstructions to harbor navigation, such as sunken vessels, lighthouses and other aids, and matters relating to lifesaving stations and such federal agencies as the Lifesaving Service, Revenue Cutter Service and the Marine Hospital Service (the predecessor of the Public Health Service). Starting in 1824,See: Gibbons v.
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Flowchart of an algorithm (Euclid's algorithm) for calculating the greatest common divisor (g.c.d.) of two numbers a and b in locations named A and B. The algorithm proceeds by successive subtractions in two loops: IF the test B ≥ A yields "yes" or "true" (more accurately, the number b in location B is greater than or equal to the number a in location A) THEN, the algorithm specifies B ← B − A (meaning the number b − a replaces the old b). Similarly, IF A > B, THEN A ← A − B. The process terminates when (the contents of) B is 0, yielding the g.c.d. in A. (Algorithm derived from Scott 2009:13; symbols and drawing style from Tausworthe 1977).
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In the Book V commentary, he worked on ratio, proposing a theory on the definition of ratio based on continued fractions that was later discovered independently by Al-Nayrizi. In the Book X commentary, he worked on irrational numbers, including quadratic irrational numbers and cubic ones. He expanded Euclid's definition of magnitudes—which included only geometrical lines—by adding integers and fractions as rational magnitudes as well as square and cubic roots as irrational magnitudes. He called square roots "plane irrationalities" and cubic roots "solid irrationalities", and classified the sums or differences of these roots, as well as the results of the roots' additions or subtractions from rational magnitudes, also as irrational magnitudes.
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In general, an existence proof does not provide an algorithm for computing the existing quotient and remainder, but the above proof does immediately provide an algorithm (see Division algorithm#Division by repeated subtraction), even though it is not a very efficient one as it requires as many steps as the size of the quotient. This is related to the fact that it uses only additions, subtractions and comparisons of integers, without involving multiplication, nor any particular representation of the integers such as decimal notation. In terms of decimal notation, long division provides a much more efficient algorithm for solving Euclidean divisions. Its generalization to binary and hexadecimal notation provides further flexibility and possibility for computer implementation.
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The renormalization procedure is a specific procedure to make these divergent integrals finite and obtain (and predict) finite values for physically measurable quantities. The Bogoliubov–Parasyuk theorem states that for a wide class of quantum field theories, called renormalizable field theories, these divergent integrals can be made finite in a regular way using a finite (and small) set of certain elementary subtractions of divergencies. The theorem guarantees that computed within the perturbation expansion Green's functions and matrix elements of the scattering matrix are finite for any renormalized quantum field theory. The theorem specifies a concrete procedure (the Bogoliubov–Parasyuk R-operation) for subtraction of divergences in any order of perturbation theory, establishes correctness of this procedure, and guarantees the uniqueness of the obtained results.
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Since the global financial crisis of 2007–08, policies similar to those undertaken by Japan have been used by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Eurozone. Quantitative easing was used by these countries because their risk-free short-term nominal interest rates (termed the federal funds rate in the US, or the official bank rate in the UK) were either at or close to zero. During the peak of the financial crisis in 2008, the US Federal Reserve expanded its balance sheet dramatically by adding new assets and new liabilities without "sterilizing" these by corresponding subtractions. In the same period, the United Kingdom also used quantitative easing as an additional arm of its monetary policy to alleviate its financial crisis.
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Any newly defined point either arises as the result of the intersection of two such circles, as the intersection of a circle and a line, or as the intersection of two lines. An exercise of elementary analytic geometry shows that in all three cases, both the - and -coordinates of the newly defined point satisfy a polynomial of degree no higher than a quadratic, with coefficients that are additions, subtractions, multiplications, and divisions involving the coordinates of the previously defined points (and rational numbers). Restated in more abstract terminology, the new - and -coordinates have minimal polynomials of degree at most 2 over the subfield of generated by the previous coordinates. Therefore, the degree of the field extension corresponding to each new coordinate is 2 or 1.
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A 1963 study based on probate court records of 2,513 Polish Americans who voluntarily changed their last names share a pattern; over 62% changed their names entirely from the original to one with no resemblance to the Polish origin (examples include: Czarnecki to Scott, Borkowski to Nelson, and Kopacz to Woods). The second-most common choice was to subtract the Polish-sounding ending (ex: Ewanowski to Evans, Adamski to Adams, Dobrogowski to Dobro), often with an Anglicized addition (Falkowski to Falkner, Barzyk to Barr). These subtractions and Anglicized combinations were roughly 30% of cases. It was very rare for a name to be shortened with a Polish-sounding ending (ex: Niewodomski to Domski, Karpinski to Pinski, Olejarz to Jarz), as such examples accounted for less than .
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CORDIC (for COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer), also known as Volder's algorithm, including Circular CORDIC (Jack E. Volder), Linear CORDIC, Hyperbolic CORDIC (John Stephen Walther), and Generalized Hyperbolic CORDIC (GH CORDIC) (Yuanyong Luo et al.), is a simple and efficient algorithm to calculate trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, square roots, multiplications, divisions, and exponentials and logarithms with arbitrary base, typically converging with one digit (or bit) per iteration. CORDIC is therefore also an example of digit-by-digit algorithms. CORDIC and closely related methods known as pseudo-multiplication and pseudo-division or factor combining are commonly used when no hardware multiplier is available (e.g. in simple microcontrollers and FPGAs), as the only operations it requires are additions, subtractions, bitshift and lookup tables.
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Gimli in Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings (1978) voiced by David Buck In Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated film The Lord of the Rings, the part of the Dwarf Gimli was voiced by David Buck. In Peter Jackson's live action adaptation of The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Gimli's character is from time to time used as comic relief, whether with jokes about his height or his rivalry with Legolas. Gimli is played by John Rhys-Davies, who portrayed the character as having a Scottish accent. Dwarves at the Council of Elrond in Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring In Iron Crown Enterprises' Middle-earth Role Playing (1986) Dwarven player-characters receive statistical bonuses to Strength and Constitution, and subtractions from Presence, Agility and Intelligence.
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Wynn's findings were subsequently replicated by independent researchers in the United States and in Europe on human infantsSusan Carey (2009), The Origin of Concepts, Oxford University Press, , page 64 (fn)Daniel Tammet (2009), Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind, Simon and Schuster, , pages126 and later extended to other subject populations, including rhesus monkeysStanislas Dehaene (1999), The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics, Oxford University Press, , pages 53-55 (pages 41-44 of revised & updated 2011 edition). and domesticated dogsEllen Galinsky (2010), Mind in the Making: The Seven Essential Life Skills Every Child Needs, HarperCollins Publishers, , pages 172-173. who, like human babies, distinguished correct from incorrect outcomes of additions and subtractions of objects (eggplants, in the studies with rhesus monkeys; doggie biscuits, in the studies with dogs).
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There is limited understanding of how the ear and brain process sound to produce such perceptions, and so no measurement, or combination of measurements, can assure successful perceptions of, for instance, the "sound stage" effect. Thus, there is no assured procedure that will maximize speaker performance in any listening space (with the exception of the sonically unpleasant anechoic chamber). Some parameters, such as reverberation time (in any case, really applicable only to larger volumes), and overall room "frequency response" can be somewhat adjusted by addition or subtraction of reflecting, diffusing, or absorbing elements, but, though this can be remarkably effective (with the right additions or subtractions and placements), it remains something of an art and a matter of experience. In some cases, no such combination of modifications has been found to be very successful.
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These could be used to replace a complex table of numbers with a carefully shaped cam-like device, and the manual calculation though a series of gears or slip wheels. Originally limited to fairly simple calculations consisting of additions and subtractions, by the 1930s they had progressed to the point where they were being used to solve differential equations.William Irwin, "The Differential Analyser Explained", Auckland Meccano Guild, July 2009 For bombsight use, such a calculator would allow the bomb aimer to dial in the basic aircraft parameters – speed, altitude, direction, and known atmospheric conditions – and the bomb sight would automatically calculate the proper aim point in a few moments. Some of the traditional inputs, like airspeed and altitude, could even be taken directly from the aircraft instruments, eliminating operational errors.
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For example, in a table presenting the sales of each business in a town grouped by business category, a cell that has information from only one company might be suppressed, in order to maintain the confidentiality of that company's specific sales. The adoption of electronic information processing systems by statistical agencies in the 1950s and 1960s dramatically increased the number of tables that a statistical organization could produce and, in so doing, significantly increased the potential for an improper disclosure of confidential information. For example, if a business that had its sales numbers suppressed also had those numbers appear in the total sales of a region, then it might be possible to determine the suppressed value by subtracting the other sales from that total. But there might also be combinations of additions and subtractions that might cause the private information to be revealed.
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The representations of the multiplicand and product are not specified; typically, these are both also in two's complement representation, like the multiplier, but any number system that supports addition and subtraction will work as well. As stated here, the order of the steps is not determined. Typically, it proceeds from LSB to MSB, starting at i = 0; the multiplication by 2i is then typically replaced by incremental shifting of the P accumulator to the right between steps; low bits can be shifted out, and subsequent additions and subtractions can then be done just on the highest N bits of P. There are many variations and optimizations on these details. The algorithm is often described as converting strings of 1s in the multiplier to a high-order +1 and a low-order −1 at the ends of the string.
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Paul A. Samuelson is usually credited as the economist who articulated the modern theory of public goods in a mathematical formalism, building on earlier work of Wicksell and Lindahl. In his classic 1954 paper The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure, See also he defined a public good, or as he called it in the paper a "collective consumption good", as follows: > [goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense that each individual's > consumption of such a good leads to no subtractions from any other > individual's consumption of that good... This is the property that has become known as non-rivalry. A pure public good exhibits a second property called non-excludability: that is, it is impossible to exclude any individuals from consuming the good. However, many goods may satisfy the two public good conditions (non-rivalry and non-excludability) only to a certain extent or only some of the time.
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Stylistic differences within some sections of the surviving manuscripts suggest that it likely includes the work of several authors over the centuries. There is no doubt, states Olivelle, that "revisions, errors, additions and perhaps even subtractions have occurred" in Arthashastra since its final redaction in 300 CE or earlier. Three names for the text's author are used in various historical sources: ; Kauṭilya or Kauṭalya : The text identifies its author by the name "Kauṭilya" or its variant "Kauṭalya": both spellings appear in manuscripts, commentaries, and references in other ancient texts; it is not certain which one of these is the original spelling of the author's name. This person was probably the author of the original recension of Arthashastra: this recension must have been based on works by earlier writers, as suggested by the Arthashastra's opening verse, which states that its author consulted the so-called "Arthashastras" to compose a new treatise.
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Nor did it implement the stored program architecture, first implemented in the Manchester Baby of 1948, required for fully general-purpose practical computing machines. Add-subtract module (reconstructed) from Atanasoff–Berry Computer The machine was, however, the first to implement three critical ideas that are still part of every modern computer: #Using binary digits to represent all numbers and data #Performing all calculations using electronics rather than wheels, ratchets, or mechanical switches #Organizing a system in which computation and memory are separated. The memory of the Atanasoff–Berry Computer was a system called regenerative capacitor memory, which consisted of a pair of drums, each containing 1600 capacitors that rotated on a common shaft once per second. The capacitors on each drum were organized into 32 "bands" of 50 (30 active bands and two spares in case a capacitor failed), giving the machine a speed of 30 additions/subtractions per second.
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This is a list of known governors of the Roman province of Cilicia. Although imperium along the southern coast of Asia Minor had been assigned to various propraetors beginning in 104 BC, it was only annexed to the Roman Republic as a province in 64 BC by Pompey as a consequence of his victory in the Third Mithridatic War. Cyprus was included in this province from 58 BC until 27 BC. Further subtractions and additions to its territory were made until AD 72, after which its boundaries were unchanged until Diocletian divided the province into three parts: Cilicia Prima, under a consularis; Cilicia Secunda, under a praeses; and Isauria, also under a praeses. Although passing into Byzantine control following the division of the Empire into Western and Eastern parts, these later provinces were lost in the seventh century as a result of the Muslim conquest of the Levant.
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Serial sevens, counting down from one hundred by sevens, is a clinical test used to test mental function; for example, to help assess mental status after possible head injury or in suspected cases of dementia. This well-known test, in active documented use since at least 1944, was adopted as part of the mini- mental state examination. The test is also used in determining when a patient is becoming unconscious under anaesthetic, for example prior to major dental surgery. On its own, the inability to perform 'serial sevens' is not diagnostic of any particular disorder or impairment, but is generally used as a quick and easy test of concentration and memory in any number of situations where clinicians suspect that these cognitive functions might be affected. Each subtraction is considered as a unit and calculations are made on the basis of the 14 possible correct subtractions, that is 93-86-79-72-65-58-51-44-37-30-23-16-9-2.
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In 2018, Sweet released Tomorrow's Daughter on May 18, a companion album to Tomorrow Forever. Also that year, Sweet was paid tribute in the compilation album, "Altered Sweet", which included artists such as Lisa Mychols, Andy Reed, Greg Pope, Nick Bertling, Fireking, Chris Richards & The Subtractions, simple friend, Michael Simmons, Gretchen's Wheel, The Well Wishers, Elvyn, Pop Co-Op, Stabby Robot, Lannie Flowers, Stereo Tiger, Michael Carpenter, Phil Ajjarapu, CokeRoque, Donny Brown, Nick Piunti, Paranoid Lovesick, Trolley, Keith Klingensmith, Arvidson & Butterflies, Robyn Gibson and Popdudes. Also that year, independent vinyl reissue label Intervention Records announced it would release Artist-Approved 2 LP Expanded Editions of 100% Fun, Altered Beast, and Girlfriend on vinyl and CD/SACD, along with a vinyl reissue of Son of Altered Beast. On Record Store Day's Black Friday, he released Wicked System of Things, a tribute to midwestern power pop, and a 3-inch colored vinyl of a live 1997 recording from Disney Orlando's Pleasure Island for Record Store Day in 2019.
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To compute the product of 12345 and 6789, where B = 10, choose m = 3. We use m right shifts for decomposing the input operands using the resulting base (Bm = 1000), as: : 12345 = 12 · 1000 + 345 : 6789 = 6 · 1000 + 789 Only three multiplications, which operate on smaller integers, are used to compute three partial results: : z2 = 12 × 6 = 72 : z0 = 345 × 789 = 272205 : z1 = (12 + 345) × (6 + 789) − z2 − z0 = 357 × 795 − 72 − 272205 = 283815 − 72 − 272205 = 11538 We get the result by just adding these three partial results, shifted accordingly (and then taking carries into account by decomposing these three inputs in base 1000 like for the input operands): : result = z2 · (Bm)2 \+ z1 · (Bm)1 \+ z0 · (Bm)0, i.e. : result = 72 · 10002 \+ 11538 · 1000 + 272205 = 83810205. Note that the intermediate third multiplication operates on an input domain which is less than two times larger than for the two first multiplications, its output domain is less than four times larger, and base-1000 carries computed from the first two multiplications must be taken into account when computing these two subtractions.
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" The granting of a pallium is a sign of papal approval and the pope's legates "immediately" confirmed Photius without awaiting a decision of the council. The council also implicitly condemned the addition of the Filioque to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, an addition rejected at that time in Rome: "The Creed (without the filioque) was read out and a condemnation pronounced against those who 'impose on it their own invented phrases [ἰδίας εὑρεσιολογίαις] and put this forth as a common lesson to the faithful or to those who return from some kind of heresy and display the audacity to falsify completely [κατακιβδηλεῦσαι άποθρασυνθείη] the antiquity of this sacred and venerable Horos [Rule] with illegitimate words, or additions, or subtractions'." Eastern Orthodox Christians argue that thereby the council condemned not only the addition of the Filioque clause to the creed but also denounced the clause as heretical (a view strongly espoused by Photius in his polemics against Rome), while Roman Catholics separate the two and insist on the theological orthodoxy of the clause. According to non- Catholic Philip Schaff, "To the Greek acts was afterwards added a (pretended) letter of Pope John VIII.
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"That faith which has been believed everywhere, always, and by all", the faith taught by Jesus to the apostles, given life by the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, and passed down to future generations without additions and without subtractions, is known as holy tradition.Letter of 1718, in George Williams, The Orthodox Church of the East in the 18th Century, p. 17 Holy tradition does not change in the Eastern Orthodox Church because it encompasses those things that do not change: the nature of the one God in Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, the history of God's interactions with his peoples, the Law as given to the Israelites, all Christ's teaching as given to the disciples and Jews and recorded in scripture, including the parables, the prophecies, the miracles, and his own example to humanity in his extreme humility. It encompasses also the worship of the church, which grew out of the worship of the synagogue and temple and was extended by Christ at the last supper, and the relationship between God and his people which that worship expresses, which is also evidenced between Christ and his disciples.
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However, while Hogan, Hall, Nash, Steiner, Lex Luger, Konnan, Buff Bagwell, Eric Bischoff and Miss Elizabeth were part of the new "nWo Wolfpac Elite" [note: Sting and Rick Rude, who were members of the Wolfpac and nWo Hollywood, respectively, prior to this nWo reunion, were both on hiatus during the nWo factions reuniting and were never included in the new now-heel stable], the undercard wrestlers in the nWo (The Giant, Curt Hennig, Horace Hogan, Stevie Ray, Brian Adams, Scott Norton, and Vincent) were still in the black and white colors of nWo Hollywood and never were officially assimilated back into the group. The nWo Wolfpac Elite quickly began to "trim the fat" by eliminating a few guys from the newly reunited nWo entirely (first, Konnan and The Giant were both [separately] kicked out on the January 11 episode of Nitro; and then Hennig was kicked out on the January 25 episode of Nitro). The subtractions of The Giant and Hennig from the nWo "black and white" left a short-lived group sardonically labeled the nWo B-Team by fans and commentators. This "B-Team" was a staple of WCW programming throughout 1999, and it officially consisted of Stevie Ray, Brian Adams, Vincent, Horace, and Scott Norton.
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