Rick Perry, the energy secretary, has proposed out-and-out subsidisation of the coal industry; an independent regulatory commission rejected that idea.
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Envelopment strategies, where a platform moves into other platform industries—exemplified by many of Google's functions and Amazon's recent acquisition of PillPack— generate opportunities for cross-subsidisation and data aggregation, cementing competitive advantages.
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"It's revealing if you don't think about this as a climate policy, but as a coal-subsidisation policy," says Joseph Goffman, executive director of the Harvard Environment and Energy Law Programme and an architect of the CPP.
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A draft "fair competition clause", seen by Reuters, which the EU executive wants to include in air transport agreements, lists the forms of public support that could be considered unfair, such as protection from bankruptcy, provision of capital, tax relief and cross-subsidisation.
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The veterans are further entitled to housing, burial support and the provision of, or subsidisation of, public transport. Section 5(3)(b) of the act requires that all organs of state assist in providing and paying for these benefits.
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Fiat withdrew its subsidisation of the SEAT marque, a venture between themselves and the Spanish government. Though production of SEAT's Fiat-based models continued, licensing reasons prevented them from using the same nameplates as the Italian models from which they were derived.
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Banding was introduced in 2009 to provide differing levels of support to groups of technologies depending upon their relative maturity, development cost and associated risk. Whilst increasing the incentive for technologies in the early stages of development this also allowed the level of support for well established technologies to be reduced to avoid over-subsidisation.
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The tariff system was dismantled, and the subsidisation of some loss-making industries ended. Low-income centralised wage fixing was introduced through the Prices and Incomes Accord, and enterprise bargaining was introduced. The tax system was changed, including the introduction of fringe benefits tax and a capital gains tax. Superannuation in Australia was implemented with a 9% employer contribution.
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In 1982/83 the "Gutehoffnungshütte" plunged into a deep corporate crisis. The enterprise suffered from the late effects of the second oil crisis and a bad economic situation. This was particularly displayed by the dramatic downturn of the commercial vehicle sales figures. Besides external factors, the chief course of these problems was the obsolete company structure with extensive cross- subsidisation between the divisions.
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BR enjoyed a boom in patronage on the routes operated by the HSTs and InterCity's profits jumped accordingly – with cross-subsidisation in turn safeguarding the future of remaining rural routes which had been under threat of closure since the Beeching Axe of the 1960s. However, by 1986/87, InterCity was losing £100m a year before interest, contributing to British Rail's £720m deficit.
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The Malayan government initially pursued a policy of Import Substitution Industrialisation (ISI), in line with most developing countries of that period. ISI develops self-sufficiency through the creation of a strong domestic market, and is primarily state-driven through nationalisation, subsidisation, increased taxation and protectionist trade policies. The earliest Malaysian-made goods produced as a result of the new ISI policy included batteries, tires and paints.
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The association provides the means for a variety of needs by supporting, for example, integration companies and barrier-free buildings, by transforming big establishments into community-integrated, smaller residential units, by providing more mobility and subsidisation of vehicles, by supporting staff and material costs as well as projects advocating inclusion in leisure and education. Aktion Mensch thereby not only enables complex projects but shows its strength by supporting primarily smaller projects or initiatives.
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He co- presented RTÉ's The Consumer Show from 2010 to 2012. He quit the show in 2012 after concerns of being 'stifled'. He regularly appears in media debates on the nature of the Irish economic austerity policy heavily critical of the cross subsidisation of the public sector and inaction in dealing with Irish consumer insolvency. He presented My Civil War, a social history TV programme on the Irish Civil War with RTÉ's documentary unit.
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The private Melbourne Telephone Exchange Company opened Australia's first telephone exchange in August 1880. Around 7,757 calls were handled in 1884. The nature of the networks meant that regulation in Australia was undemanding: network personnel were government employees or agents, legislation was enhanced on an incremental basis and restrictions could be achieved through infrastructure. All the colonies ran their telegraph networks at a deficit through investment in infrastructure and subsidisation of regional access, generally with bipartisan support.
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An Amma Unavagam outlet in Adyar, Chennai Amma Unavagam (Tamil: அம்மா உணவகம்) is a food subsidisation programme run by the Government of Tamil Nadu in India.It is a first of the kind scheme run by any government in India. It has been an inspiration for many states like Odisha, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh which later proposed similar schemes seeing its success. Under the scheme, municipal corporations of the state-run canteens serving subsidised food at low prices.
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The Guardian was consistently loss-making until 2019. The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9m in 2006, up from £18.6m in 2005. The paper was therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group. The continual losses made by the National Newspaper division of the Guardian Media Group caused it to dispose of its Regional Media division by selling titles to competitor Trinity Mirror in March 2010.
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The days of general subsidisation of the railways were now clearly over. The change of policy was brought about by the Select committee of the House of Commons on Nationalised Industries, which concluded that the BTC should make its decisions exclusively on considerations of "direct profitability". Where decisions based "on grounds of the national economy or of social needs" needed to be taken, the Minister of Transport would be responsible, having sought the approval of Parliament. The railways would now be operated on the principles applicable to a private entrepreneur in a competitive marketplace.
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Ahara transporting vehicle Āhār Yojanā (meaning "food" in Odia) is a food subsidisation program run by the Government of Odisha to provide cheap lunch to the urban poor at a price of five rupees inspired from the Amma Unavagam of Tamilnadu. It was inaugurated on April 1, 2015 by the Chief Minister of Odisha Navin Patnaik on Utkal Divas. The program provides meals in five major cities of Odisha. The actual cost of the food is around 20 but is subsidised to 5 with financial assistance from the Odisha Mining Corporation.
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Amma Unavagam (Tamil: அம்மா உணவகம்) is a food subsidisation programme run by the Government of Tamil Nadu in India.It is a first of the kind scheme run by any government in India. It has been an inspiration for many states like Odisha, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh which later proposed similar schemes seeing its success. Under the scheme, municipal corporations of the state-run canteens serving subsidised food at low prices.. The genesis of the scheme could be traced to the concept of rural restaurants promoted by Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute.
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To obtain a change in India by 2020, the NGO is working to support farmers by giving them knowledge about non-irrigational agriculture and rainwater harvesting and realising projects that fight water scarcity. The activities of the foundation expand to individual houses and industries, trying to create solutions to the shortage of water linked to the fast-growing population of Bangalore. In 2008, the foundation became associated with a new project: Rain Water Concepts Pvt Ltd (I) in a cross subsidisation model. The social business implements rainwater harvesting systems for industries.
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Farmers reiterated to Dibba their concerns over late distribution of fertilizer, poor marketing for their products, and a lack of access roads to their rice fields, as well as threats posed by climate change. In response, Dibba outlined a national plan addressing agriculture issues. This included 70% subsidisation of fertilizers, government augmentation of seed banks, and the announcement of groundnut prices prior to harvest. He was dismissed by Barrow in a cabinet reshuffle on 15 March 2019 along with Vice President Ousainou Darboe and the Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs Amadou Sanneh.
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The SDA favours a low-tax Scotland independent of both the EU and the UK. It "supports the use of renewable sources of energy" but opposes high subsidisation of "unsustainable" energy sources and the "current trend" of subsidised commercial wind farms. It also opposes the development of wind farms in "scenically sensitive areas". The SDA proposes "necessary investment" in transport, as well as a price cap of £1 GBP per litre on petrol and diesel and the elimination of the "road licensing tax". The SDA also propose a scheduled ferry service between Aberdeen and Norway to promote tourism.
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In 1965, a national framework of uniform building regulations was introduced. Significant emphasis was also placed on town planning, with new conservation areas introduced and a new generation of new towns built, notably Milton Keynes. The New Towns Acts of 1965 and 1968 together gave the government the authority (through its ministries) to designate any area of land as a site for a New Town. The government also combined its push for the construction of more new housing with encouragement and subsidisation of the renovation of old houses (as an alternative to their destruction and replacement).
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The majority of payments are based on outputs and inputs and thus favour the larger producing agribusinesses over the small-scale farmers. In the USA nearly 30% of payments go to the top 2% of farmers.How Farm Subsidies Harm Taxpayers, Consumers, and Farmers, TooWho Benefits from Farm Subsidies? By subsidising inputs and outputs through such schemes as 'yield based subsidisation', farmers are encouraged to over-produce using intensive methods, including using more fertilizers and pesticides; grow high-yielding monocultures; reduce crop rotation; shorten fallow periods; and promote exploitative land use change from forests, rainforests and wetlands to agricultural land.
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The distinction between merit and non merit services is based on the perceived strong externalities associated with the merit services. However, it does not imply that the subsidisation in their case needs to be hundred percent. In addition, even if small recoveries are advocated for merit services, the issues relating to the costs of their provision, leakages to non-target beneficiaries, and their effectiveness in attaining the objectives for which they are provided, need to be examined. It also does not mean that there are no externalities associated with non-merit services, or that the subsidies associated with them should be completely eliminated.
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The Athens News Agency (ANA) is the national news agency of Greece. Founded in 1895 as a private company, the Stefanopoli Telegraphic Agency, the Greek State assumed its subsidisation in 1905, at which time it acquired its present name. In 1994 the ANA became a Societe Anonyme with a 7-member Board of Directors, three of whom are appointed by the government and one each by the journalist unions of Athens and Thessaloniki, the publishers' union and the ANA employees. ANA collaborates with the international news agencies Reuters, Agence France-Presse, DPA, ITAR-TASS and a number of national news agencies, as well as the EPA photograph agency.
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In exchange for acquiring the ARM core through the foundry's in-house design services, the customer can reduce or eliminate payment of ARM's upfront licence fee. Compared to dedicated semiconductor foundries (such as TSMC and UMC) without in-house design services, Fujitsu/Samsung charge two- to three-times more per manufactured wafer. For low to mid volume applications, a design service foundry offers lower overall pricing (through subsidisation of the licence fee). For high volume mass-produced parts, the long term cost reduction achievable through lower wafer pricing reduces the impact of ARM's NRE (Non-Recurring Engineering) costs, making the dedicated foundry a better choice.
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McAlpine's obituary in The Daily Telegraph described him as "...probably the most successful fundraiser the party ever had; yet by nature a dilettante, he did not become a significant political figure" and "...never really "into" politics. At heart he was an 18th-century amateur..." McAlpine's personal political views were varied and included Euroscepticism, support for electric cars and the decriminalisation of all drugs. McAlpine was nominated to the Arts Council of Great Britain in 1980, despite protests at a perceived lack of experience in the field and his opposition to public subsidisation of the arts. He served on the Council from 1981 to 1982.
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In the 1920s, societal views began to transition of women partaking in smoking behaviours and thus over the next several decades companies began to advertise smoking to women. The introduction of women in the workforce, led to greater freedom of women, and hence smoking rates within Australia increased. By the 1930s the Australian Government began assisting the tobacco industry by introducing the Local Leaf Content Scheme, which required local tobacco to be used up in the manufacturing of cigarettes in Australia. However, in the 1990s the Industry Commission Inquiry found that tobacco had the greatest subsidisation in agriculture within Australia, and thus the Local Leaf Content Scheme was abolished.
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For miners, the Coal Industry Act 1965 introduced aid towards severance payments for miners about to be made redundant or for the vocational retraining of staff,Official Journal of the European Communities, 10 September 1975, No L 238/21. while the Coal Industry Act 1967 provided subsidisation of redundancy and early retirement. Under the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) (Amendment) Act 1967, men who were diagnosed as having over 50% disablement through pneumoconiosis "were allowed to have their accompanying bronchitis and emphysema treated as part of the disease," although only 3,000 men "fell into this category." In May 1969, adenocarcinoma of the nasal sinuses "in woodworkers in the furniture industry" became a prescribed occupational disease.
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Vitalis then worked for a time at the Russian Ministry of Agriculture as part of a team developing a partial equilibrium model to assess the potential impact of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization on its agricultural sector (1999–2000). Vitalis was an early advocate of the need to analyse Russia's agricultural policies at the federal and sub-federal level. He suggested that this was the only way to establish the full picture of Russian agricultural subsidisation a point reinforced in a paper he published on the subject. He also worked briefly during this period in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as an adviser on a range of diverse issues including currency reform and WTO accession.
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QConnect, stylised as qconnect, is an agency of the Department which subsidises bus, rail and air networks in regional Queensland. QConnect coordinates the urban, and some school, bus services of 17 providers in large regional towns such as Warwick or Cairns. QConnect also coordinates a range of long distance coach services between regional towns, allowing residents of rural communities to travel by bus to larger population centres to access services such as healthcare or education services. The subsidisation of regional bus fares by the state government makes it more financially affordable for residents of rural communities to travel by bus, which would otherwise be cost-prohibitive for many commuters given the extremely large distances between some Queensland towns.
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The school received its initial status as an Accredited European School from the Board of Governors of the European Schools in November 2013, and received accreditation to offer the European Baccalaureate programme in June 2018. The European School The Hague is managed by the Rijnlands Lyceum Foundation, which is responsible for the provision and maintenance of its facilities, finances, staff, and the overall quality of education. ESH is recognised by the Dutch government as a Dutch school, which must meet Dutch education objectives, in return for partial- subsidisation by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. The school was largely established to cater for the needs of families of staff of European institutions based in The Hague.
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Effective transport infrastructure was essential for dairy products to reach their desired markets. The extension of Queensland's rural railway network enabled more efficient transportation of dairy produce, facilitating the establishment of local butter and cheese factories in close proximity to railway lines. The first shipment of butter to Britain occurred in 1895 and from 1903 government subsidisation of a fortnightly shipping service to the United Kingdom improved Queensland's butter exporting capabilities. The arrival of the Kilkivan branch railway to the "56 mile peg" in 1904 was the impetus for the establishment of the township of Kingaroy and a catalyst for the rapid expansion of dairying in the surrounding district, then an emerging but relatively small scale industry in the South Burnett.
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It is estimated that between 1988 and 1995, the number of factory workers in the country doubled from two to four million, as Thailand's GDP tripled. While the Asian Financial Crisis that followed in 1997 hit the Thai economy hard, the industrial sector continued to expand under widespread deregulation, as Thailand was mandated to adopt a range of structural adjustment reforms upon receiving funding from the IMF and World Bank. These reforms implemented an agenda of increased privatisation and trade liberalisation in the country, and decreased federal subsidisation of public goods and utilities, agricultural price supports, and regulations on fair wages and labour conditions. These changes put further pressure on the agricultural sector, and prompted continued migration from the rural countryside to the growing cities.
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Thus, according to Marx parliamentary elections are no more than a cynical, systemic attempt to deceive the people by permitting them, every now and again, to endorse one or other of the bourgeoisie's predetermined choices of which political party can best advocate the interests of capital. Once elected, this parliament, as a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, enacts regulations that actively support the interests of its true constituency, the bourgeoisie (such as bailing out Wall St investment banks; direct socialisation/subsidisation of business—GMH, US/European agricultural subsidies; and even wars to guarantee trade in commodities such as oil). Vladimir Lenin once argued that liberal democracy had simply been used to give an illusion of democracy while maintaining the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie.
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There are various channels for St. James' Settlement to collect funds. # Subsidization from the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui (Anglican Church) # Government subsidisation # Lotteries Fund # Grants # Dues and fees # Investment and Interests # Other Income # Donations from organisations in Hong Kong, for example: ## The Community Chest of Hong Kong ## Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust # Donations from individuals in Hong Kong and overseas, in the following forms ## Residues of inheritance ## Part of inheritance ## Transference of specific property or wealth ## Listing the organisation as the beneficiary of life insurance policy ## General donations (can be once-for-all donation or regular donation) Income sources of St. James' Settlement. In the financial year 2008–2009, the organisation generated income of $339,484,185.14 and the dominant income sources are from Grants and Dues and fees and the organisation has a 3.38% reduce in income from Investments and interest.
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Subsidisation of the yeomanry by its members, particularly the officers, was common practice throughout its existence, and not only during those periods when corps were maintained at their own expense. Lord Plymouth paid £6,200 () to equip a troop of Worcestershire Yeomanry in 1832, and the Earl of Dudley was reputed to have spent £4,000 (approximately ) per year on the same corps between 1854 and 1871. The second Duke of Buckingham and Chandos was said to have been bankrupted in 1848 in part by the massive contribution he made to his regiment, which received no government funding between 1827 and 1830.Beckett 2011 pp. 133–134 In 1882, it was calculated that officers paid an average of £20 each () and the men up to £5 each () towards the cost of their regiments, giving a total subsidy of £61,500 () in a year when the government voted a £69,000 budget () for the yeomanry.
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As with Australia, New Zealand's healthcare system is funded through general taxation according to the Social Security Act 1938. However, aside from hospitalisation, there are user charges for prescriptions (introduced in February 1985) and partial subsidisation of general practitioner visits with additional provision for those on low or modest incomes known as Community Service Cards (introduced on February 1, 1992) to target healthcare based on income.Community Service Cards Authored by Steve Maharey, former Minister of Social Development New Zealand Parliamentary Debates, September 19, 1985, pg 6,971Healthcare Authored by Michael Bassett, former Minister of Health between 1984 and 1987 These changes were part of broader controversial policies introduced by the Fourth National Government between 1991 and 1993 and effectively ended largely free provision of primary healthcare. According to the WHO, government sources covered 77.4% of New Zealand's health care costs in 2004; private expenditures covered the remaining 22.6%.
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Effective transport infrastructure was essential for dairy products to reach their desired markets. The extension of Queensland's rural railway network enabled more efficient transportation of dairy produce, facilitating the establishment of local butter and cheese factories in close proximity to railway lines. The first shipment of butter to Britain occurred in 1895 and from 1903, government subsidisation of a fortnightly shipping service to the United Kingdom improved Queensland's butter exporting capabilities. The arrival of the Kilkivan branch railway to Murgon in 1904 was the impetus for the establishment of the township and a catalyst for the rapid expansion of dairying in the surrounding district, then an emerging but relatively small scale industry in the South Burnett. By the early 1900s, co-operatives, where groups of local producers banded together to establish factories, were becoming the dominant form of ownership of cheese and butter factories, a pattern that defined the Queensland dairy industry for much of the twentieth century.
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