Cinematically captured via drone, the explosions are gorgeous but they're still a reminder that strip mines are objectively terrible.
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Nearly 90 percent of federally produced coal comes from strip mines in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana.
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Although the fire had approached Syncrude's two vast strip mines and processing plant, it did not cause damage, Mr. Morrison said.
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He came to relish the task, investigating orange clouds from an ammunition plant in Tennessee and taking air samples from strip mines in Wyoming.
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On Monday, about 4,000 people had been working in the area at strip mines, processing plants and other operations owned by the two companies.
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As a veteran of strip mines and the intense labor conflicts that often came with them, he knew what made some strikes succeed and others crumble.
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Peabody Energy also has dozens of strip mines and underground coal mines in the West and Midwest that will ultimately need to be rehabbed once the digging stops.
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Tar sands oil is particularly dirty and challenging to clean up, and its extraction involves gouging what amount to shallow strip mines across vast tracts formerly occupied by forests.
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Taverner Press also recently published Hanson's Colstrip, Montana (2010) with his 1980s photographs of one of North America's largest coal strip mines located in his home state, and Wilderness to Wasteland (2016).
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In every division—robotics, aviation, powersports, racing, power tools, automobiles, newfangled mobility—the company strip mines the uncanny valley, removing the boundaries between human and machine, while making the experience habitable and approachable.
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Joining those evacuees on Saturday were about 1,500 employees from two oil sands strip mines just north of Fort McMurray as well as a processing site, which were shut down by their owner, Syncrude.
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Given all the effort going into obfuscating and/or trying to 'compliance-wash' how the adtech industry strip-mines personal data, those most systematic personal data-harvesters similarly appear to have calculated that the cost of fully informing individuals is simply too high.
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The thriving Hatfield and McCoy ATV trails, built on top of former strip mines, draw some enthusiasts from neighboring states to the towns of Danville and Madison, but the lack of direct access to the towns currently limits engagement from tourists riding the trails.
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For example, the OSM is responsible for Title 2771, Chapter VII, of the Code of Federal Regulations, but why not identify some language in Title 40, Part 503 (overseen by the Environmental Protection Agency), which deals in part with disposal of sludge in strip mines?
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A host of other significant environmental problems plague BLM public lands: 600,000 miles of barbed-wire fences that guillotine sage grouse by the hundreds and impede deer and antelope migrations, mountaintop removal and strip mines where habitats are destroyed utterly with no hope of returning to their natural state, diversion of water for irrigation that in many cases dries up entire streams (the lifeblood of arid lands) and the changing climate with its droughts of increasing length and intensity.
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Its channel is also disrupted by strip mines and rock piles.', 14 Nov 2016.
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Tangascootack Creek is long. The creek flows northeast from the marshland of Beech Creek Township, in Sproul State Forest, near the border between Clinton County and Centre County. It passes strip mines and Bear Swamp before entering Bald Eagle Township. It then flows past more strip mines before entering into a gradually deepening gorge.
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The long duration of the flame it produced, however, made it unsafe for use in the presence of explosive gases. Therefore, oxyliquits were mostly used in open quarries and strip mines.
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Since 1970, environmental issues have been increasingly important, including the health of miners, destruction of the landscape from strip mines and mountaintop removal, air pollution, and coal combustion's contribution to global warming.
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The region is pocketed by small human landform, i.e., strip-mines among a hummocky or ridge-swale topography. Streams drain and erode the area, moving soils and depositing them downstream. Elevation ranges from .
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Girardville Mahanoy Creek in East Cameron Township, Northumberland County Mahanoy Creek's source is in strip mines in the eastern part of Schuylkill County, near Buck Mountain. It heads west for a short distance before crossing under Pennsylvania Route 54 and entering Mahanoy City, where it picks up the tributary North Mahanoy Creek. Mahanoy Creek continues westward, heading into Mahanoy Township again, and goes through more strip mines. It begins paralleling Bear Ridge for several miles, passing the communities of St. Nicholas and Boston Run before entering Gilberton.
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The Hell Run watershed is mostly in agricultural use with some strip mines in the upper sections and is natural in the lower sections within McConnell's Mill State Park. Almost 60% of the watershed is forested.
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The elevation near the mouth of Warrior Creek is above sea level. The elevation of the creek's source is between above sea level. The headwaters of Warrior Creek are in strip mines. Most of the watershed overlies coal measures.
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In the central part of the mountain, there is a large area of partially reclaimed mining land. There are also patches of dry strip mines and spoil piles. There is an ice lobe from the Illinoian period near the eastern end of McCauley Mountain.
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Peabody developed and operated two strip mines on the Black Mesa reservation: the Black Mesa Mine and the Kayenta Mine. The Black Mesa Mine suspended operations in 2006 after the mine's sole customer, the Mohave Station, was retired. The site was fully decommissioned in January 2010.
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While millions of tons of coal have been mined from this coalfield, the mineral is still extracted at a few deep and strip mines, and a large International Coal Group deep mine and preparation plant on the edge of Beckley, WV started operations in late 2007.
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Black Creek is an ephemeral stream. It used to drain an area between Turtle Creek and the Susquehanna River, but now loses its flow to underground mines via broken bedrock. Its channel is also disrupted by strip mines and rock piles.Newport, 52 The waters of Black Creek are acidic.
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As the stream continues southeast, its valley gets progressively deeper. It flows past several strip mines and picks up Little Birch Island Run within of its mouth. Birch Island Run empties into the West Branch Susquehanna River at the border between Clinton County and Centre County, near a Conrail railroad.
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Others are mined as strip mines, having been laid down in horizontal layers as sedimentary rock. In above-ground processing plants, the KCl is separated from the mixture to produce a high-analysis potassium fertilizer. Other potassium salts can be separated by various procedures, resulting in potassium sulfate and potassium-magnesium sulfate.
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It intersects County Route 28 before terminating at Illinois Route 180. Route 167 is an undivided two-lane surface road for its entire length. The Galesburg and Great Eastern Railroad once followed Illinois 167 from just east of Wataga to Victoria, where it turned south to serve the coal strip mines in the area.
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Operation Scarlift had two main methods for remedying stream pollution by acid mine drainage. These methods were source correction and treatment. Source correction methods in deep mines included deep mine sealing and reducing the flow of surface water into deep mines. The operation also carried out various source correction procedures on strip mines and refuse banks.
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As the creek continues in the same direction, it passes by several strip mines. Further on, the creek turns sharply north and then sharply east, eventually receiving the tributary Boiler Run, again from the left. After picking up Buckhorn Hollow, its final tributary, from the left, it turns south. A short distance later, it enters Tangascootack Creek.
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Hazleton Regional Airport is situated in the northern half of the township. Most of the community is made up of homes and businesses. Mountains, forests, creeks, lakes, and strip mines are also scattered throughout the township. Its villages include Beaver Brook, Drifton, Ebervale, Green Ridge, Harleigh, Harwood, Hollywood, Humboldt, Japan, Jeanesville, Lattimer, Milnesville, Oakdale, Pardeesville, and Stockton.
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In the 1960s many of the mines closed. Today the landscape of southeastern Crawford County is covered with long strip mines now full of water and serving as fishing lakes & unfarmed wildlife habitat. The ruins of abandoned zinc and lead smelters can also be seen; many are Superfund sites polluted with the toxic remains of smelter operations.
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There are strip mines in this tributary's watershed. Shenandoah Creek, whose tributaries include Kehley Run and Lost Creek, also begins on Locust Mountain and its watershed has an area of 11.6 square miles. Shenandoah Creek is contaminated by sewage and mine drainage. The tributary Little Mahanoy Creek starts in Frackville and its watershed has an area of 11.6 square miles.
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Examples of this type of project are strip mines and nuclear power plants, where there is usually a large cash outflow at the end of the project. The IRR satisfies a polynomial equation. Sturm's theorem can be used to determine if that equation has a unique real solution. In general the IRR equation cannot be solved analytically but only by iteration.
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They were scheduled to be supplied by strip mines in the Powder River Basin. The export markets were South Korea, Japan, China, and other Asian nations. Like the Keystone Pipeline the building of the terminals raised environmental concerns with respect to global warming. As of February 2016, four proposals for coal terminals had been withdrawn, leaving two still applied for.
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The township is a narrow strip of land located on the right (east) bank of the Youghiogheny River, between it and the Westmoreland County line. It contains the village of Coulter and a couple of small coal strip mines. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 12.24%, is water.
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South Branch Newport Creek looking upstream South Branch Newport Creek begins in strip mines near the community of Wanamie in Newport Township. The headwaters are located north of Penobscot Mountain. The creek flows east for some distance before gradually turning north slightly west of the community of Alden. It then flows into the western part of Nanticoke, where it joins Newport Creek.
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Coal mining began in this area after the Civil War. Mine companies used both tunnel and strip mines, but they did not begin major production until about 1900. Production has continued into the 21st century. Other resource exploitation was based on oil, and the first oil refinery began operations by 1911; it was operated by Sinclair Oil until the 1920s.
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The headwaters of Tomhicken Creek are inside a deep mine. Tomhicken Creek begins in southwestern Hazle Township, Luzerne County immediately west of an area of strip mines and north of Pismire Ridge. It flows west-southwest, roughly paralleling Pennsylvania Route 924 and shortly leaves Hazle Township and Luzerne County. Upon leaving Luzerne County, the creek enters East Union Township, in Schuylkill County.
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Though this bill was not passed, provisions establishing a process to reclaim abandoned strip mines and allowing citizens to sue regulatory agencies became parts of SMCRA. SMCRA also created the Office of Surface Mining, an agency within the Department of the Interior, to promulgate regulations, to fund state regulatory and reclamation efforts, and to ensure consistency among state regulatory programs.
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"Return of the Native: Biologists revive the chestnut tree at former coal mine sites". www.ohio.edu. Retrieved September 30, 2015. Keith Gilland began planting American chestnut trees in old strip mines in 2008 as a student at Miami University, and to date has planted over 5,000 trees. In 2005, a hybrid tree with mostly American genes was planted on the lawn of the White House.
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Invertebrate finds included ants, bees, beetles, earwigs, caddis flies, crane flies, damsel flies, lantern flies, may flies, grasshoppers, leaf hoppers, mosquitoes, snails, and wasps. Vertebrate remains included feathers, and, once in a while, a bird. During the late 1950s Francis Tully found a fossil he could not identify at the strip mines near Braidwood, Illinois. He took the specimen to Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History.
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In the southern part of Leidy Township, it picks up the tributaries Sandy Run and Woodley Draft and the stream bends southeast. At the southern border of the township, it flows through the Renovo Reservoir and enters Noyes Township, continuing southeast past abandoned strip mines. It picks up the tributary Stony Run before entering the West Branch Susquehanna River on the western edge of Renovo.
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Catawissa Creek's source is in a strip mine area in southern Luzerne County and northern Schuylkill County near Audenried and McAdoo, a few miles southwest of the city of Hazleton. However, it quickly becomes lost in the strip mines of the area. The creek resurfaces in an iron-filled pool west of Interstate 81. It runs west through another strip mine before passing into Schuylkill County.
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Victoria was first settled as a pioneer camp in the 18th century. In the 1950s, when coal mines began to appear in Southern Indiana, woodlands in that part of the county were replaced by vast strip mines. The mines were abandoned in 1977, when coal prices dropped and the resources were exhausted. The land lay unnoticed until Newburgh grew large enough to support suburbs.
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Several homes were built around the now water-filled strip mines. The homes received a boost in land value when Victoria National Golf Club was built by Tom Fazio in 1996. Victoria National Golf Club is a 21st-ranked golf club, in the U.S, and No. 1 in Indiana. There is water on 14 golf holes, because the course was once an open strip mine.
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Upon leaving Ashland, the creek stops paralleling Pennsylvania Route 54 and turns south through a gap in Ashland Mountain, leaving behind the strip mines. At Gordon, it picks up Little Mahanoy Creek and then turns west again, meandering out of Butler Township. The creek then briefly meanders through Barry Township before passing into Eldred Township. It flows on the northern side of a mountain in Weiser State Forest.
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The Clarks Valley and Kalmia lines between Ecco and Kalmia collieries were removed before 1920. In 1940, the remainder of the Kalmia Branch was removed; around this time, the second switchback on the Lorberry Branch was abandoned, as the Lincoln Colliery had ceased operation in 1930. A new spur and loop was constructed at Lorberry to serve strip mines. In 1965, the L&T; between Pine Grove and Suedberg was abandoned.
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The footprints, which form tracks, occur in several levels on bedding planes of fine-grained sediments.Instytut Geologiczny (Poland), Geological quarterly, Volume 40. 1996 The largest occurrence of fossils is at the Karolina and Vasas strip mines in the Mecsek Mountain nearby Pécs. The footprints collection of Komlosaurus can be seen at the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, with a few specimens in the Local History Museum of Komló, Hungary.
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Most of these lakes were formerly strip mines; they are closed to the public, only 88 of the lakes are open to the public via boat ramp access. The area has a national reputation for largemouth bass fishing and there are tournaments held weekly almost year-round. Some of the lakes on the east side of Bartow offer anglers the opportunity to catch 50 largemouth bass a day.
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Little Tomhicken Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired for aquatic life by acid mine drainage and pH. There is one source of acid mine drainage in the watershed near the mouth of the creek. Strip mines at its headwaters also contribute acid mine drainage making the creek highly acidic and significantly degrading its water quality. The pH of Little Tomhicken Creek is 4.4.
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Urban land and strip mines occupy a significant portion of the watershed's land. The watershed is one of several sub-watersheds in the Nescopeck Creek drainage basin where coal mining land is prevalent, the others being Black Creek and Cranberry Creek. Stony Creek is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Conyngham. A reservoir known as the Humboldt Reservoir is in the watershed of Stony Creek.
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The town's advantageous location allowed industry to move into town. The first printing shop was set up in 1874; until 1990, there were still as many as four printing shops in Gräfenhainichen. By 1890, brown coal was being mined in Gräfenhainichen, first underground, and then in strip mines. In 1954, at which time the town was in East Germany, Gräfenhainichen became a district seat (Kreisstadt) for three towns and 27 communities.
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In Kettle Creek State Park, the creek goes through a lake and passes the Alvin R. Bush Dam, upstream of the mouth. At the southern edge of Leidy Township, Kettle Creek makes several meanders, crossing the border between Leidy Township and Noyes Township three times. The creek then meanders several miles through Noyes Township, passing strip mines and another gauging station. The creek's mouth is at the community of Westport, near Pennsylvania Route 120.
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The Mazon River or Mazon Creek (), is a tributary of the Illinois River in the United States. The confluence is near Morris, Illinois. The Mazon River is associated with the Mazon Creek fossils of the Francis Creek Shale, which are also exposed in strip mines and quarries near the River. This fossil bed includes well-preserved fossils from the Pennsylvanian period of the Paleozoic era and is a world-famous Lagerstätten site.
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Though this bill was not passed, provisions establishing a process to reclaim abandoned strip mines and allowing citizens to sue regulatory agencies became parts of SMCRA. After SMCRA was passed, the coal industry immediately challenged it as exceeding the limits of Congressional leglative power under the Commerce Clause. In Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining and Reclamation Association (1981) the Supreme Court held that Congress does have the authority to regulate coal mining, generally.
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The purpose of Operation Scarlift was to remedy the environmental damage that historic mining in Pennsylvania has caused to the land, water, and air. The operation carried out abandoned mine reclamation projects. These projects addressed such environmental issues as abandoned strip mines, open underground mine shafts, burning refuse banks, mine fires, identifying and gathering data on acid mine drainage sites across Pennsylvania. The operation built a series of lime neutralization stations to remedy acid mine drainage.
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At the same time, water restrictions established by communities have forced courses to limit the amount of maintained turf grass. While most modern 18-hole golf courses occupy as much as of land, the average course has of maintained turf.Sources include the National Golf Foundation and the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America GCSAA. Golf courses can be built on sandy areas along coasts, on abandoned farms, among strip mines and quarries, and in deserts and forests.
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Tangascootack Creek is considered to be a cold water fishery. The tributary North Fork Tangascootack Creek has significant trout and macroinvertebrate populations. On the main stem of the creek, there are limited numbers of fish and some aquatic ecosystems, though in the middle and upper parts of the creek, there is virtually no life in the water. Near the headwaters and Bear Swamp, there is some aquatic life, as these locations are upstream of the strip mines and acid mine drainage.
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As in other nearby communities, the coal was often mined directly under the town itself. Remnants of strip mines and culm banks still litter the landscape to this day. After the Knox Mine Disaster (1959), which occurred only several miles outside of Duryea, the mining industry in the Wyoming Valley collapsed. After the death of coal and the loss of the silk mill, the town encouraged the likes of Schott Optical and Topps Bubble Gum to establish medium-sized plants in the town.
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The takeover led to GM engines being the engine of choice, but the Cummins option was still available, although Cummins-engined trucks sold in lower numbers after the GM takeover. Ranging from 10 to 62 ton capacity, these giants roamed strip mines, heavy construction sites and quarries worldwide. Euclid's end dumps reached 210 tons in capacity in the 1980s. Euclid trucks were usually loaded by cable-operated crawler shovels and draglines of other manufacturers, but Euclid also developed mobile belt loaders to load its bottom dump trucks.
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The railway station of Olenya () was opened in 1916, with the construction of the Murman Railway. The station facilities, and the small settlement associated with the station were located to the east of the railroad. Their importance was somewhat increased in the 1930s, as Olenya became a junction for the railway branch to the newly built town of Monchegorsk some to the southwest. In 1949, work started on the iron ore strip mines and ore-processing facilities a few kilometers to the west of the Olenya station.
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Except for artificial outcrops in oil shale and phosphorite strip mines, the only outcrops of Paleozoic rocks are found in a few river valleys, coastal cliffs on the Baltic and the shores of lake Vortsjarv and Peipsi. During the Ordovician and Silurian, a shallow marine environment predominated in Estonia, depositing organic-rich black carbonate shale which later generated oil shale. Reef limestones and backreef dolomite contributed material to the carbonaceous shale. Silurian sedimentation took place during a retreat in sea levels, bringing a break in sediment deposition.
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The role of underground coal mining declined in the 1950s when demand for coal to power steam locomotives declined due to adoption of diesel locomotives. As coal mine towns dwindled, many employees moved into Sheridan and found other lines of work. The economy boomed in the 1970s with the construction of strip mines along Tongue River in Montana. Many subdivisions were built on former small farms outside of Sheridan in the 1970s and 1980s as the dairy, wheat, and sugar beet industry consolidated to other areas in Montana and South Dakota with more production capacity.
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The rebirth of the land in and surrounding Moraine State Park can be tied to the efforts of Frank W. Preston who moved to nearby Meridian in 1926. He had emigrated from England to establish a glass research lab. In addition to his work with glass, Preston was also a geologist and naturalist. On a trip to the Muddy Creek Valley he noticed that, despite the barren landscape that had been left by the oil wells and strip mines, the valley had a rich natural history of moraines.
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The Coal Mine Camps of Sheridan County Wyoming Miners lived in these communities or in Sheridan, Wyoming. Miners in Sheridan commuted the 7 to 10 miles to reach the mines by trolly.History of the Sheridan Railway Company The same coal seams that used to be mined by tunnels are now accessed for mining by large open surface excavations. Several large coal strip mines are presently operating in the area around the Tongue River Reservoir, near the small town of Decker, Montana about 20 to 23 miles northeast from Sheridan, Wyoming.
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It crosses Pennsylvania Route 924 and flows immediately north of another area of strip mines before turning northwest to flow off Green Mountain and entering North Union Township. It receives Sugarloaf Creek in the eastern reaches of the township and shortly afterwards passes the community of Miller's Corner. At Miller's Corner, Tomhicken Creek turns southwest and then north, receiving Raccoon Creek. The creek then turns southwest again and meanders several times south of Red Ridge before reaching its confluence with Catawissa Creek near the community of Zion Grove.
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Peabody Energy developed two coal strip mines on the Black Mesa reservation: the Black Mesa Mine and the Kayenta Mine. Peabody Energy pumps water from the underground Navajo Aquifer for washing coal, and, until 2005, in a slurry pipeline operation to transport extracted coal to the Mohave Generating Station in Laughlin, Nevada. With the pipeline operating, Peabody pumped, on average, 3 million gallons of water from the Navajo Aquifer every day. The aquifer is the main source of potable groundwater for the Navajo and Hopi tribes, who use the water for farming and livestock maintenance as well as drinking and other domestic uses.
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Women engaged in gathering of such products as roots, herbs, nuts, bird eggs, mollusks, fruit or honey, which possibly was even more important than hunting. Mesolithic human settlements became quite numerous and by the end of this period the economy of harvesting nature became very highly developed. Tools and devices were made of materials such as stone (flint strip mines have been found at the northern edge of Świętokrzyskie Mountains), bone, wood, horn, or plant material for rope and baskets, and included such fine utensils as fishing hooks and sewing needles. Animal figurines were made of amber.
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Pennsylvania had passed a precautionary law in 1956 to regulate landfill use in strip mines, as landfills were known to cause destructive mine fires. The law required a permit and regular inspection for a municipality to use such a pit. George Segaritus, a regional landfill inspector who worked for the Department of Mines and Mineral Industries (DMMI), became concerned about the pit when he noticed holes in the walls and floor, as such mines often cut through older mines underneath. Segaritus informed Joseph Tighe, a Centralia councilman, that the pit would require filling with an incombustible material.
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For the next several miles the creek continues in this direction, running through Pennsylvania State Game Lands #18 and receiving tributaries such as Reilly Creek and Little Nescopeck Creek A. Eventually, the creek passes the northwestern edge of Mount Yeager and continues into Butler Township. Here, the creek heads southwest at a more southerly angle, crossing Interstate 80, receiving Oley Creek, and passing an area of strip mines. A few miles later, the creek turns west-southwest and crosses Pennsylvania Route 309. Continuing onwards, it passes the communities of Rumbels and St. Johns and then crosses Interstate 81.
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He discovered glacial erratics, kettle hole bogs and figured out how the mammoths and mastodons migrated through the area during the ice ages. On a trip to the Muddy Creek Valley he noticed that despite the barren landscape that had been left by the oil wells and strip mines of the late 19th and early 20th century, the valley had a rich natural history of moraines. Preston worked to form the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, which purchased the land that became Moraine State Park, recreated the glacial landscape and preserved open spaces. Muddy Creek was dammed to form Lake Arthur.
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Victoria National Golf Course (officially Victoria National Golf Club) is located northeast of Newburgh, Indiana, in the southwestern corner of the state, roughly 7 miles east of Evansville, Indiana. Victoria is a private 18-hole golf course that was designed by golf course architect Tom Fazio and constructed in 1996 on land that had been used for strip mines from the 1950s until 1977. Developed and initially owned by Terry Friedman and family, the course was sold to Victoria Partners LLC in 2010."Victoria National Golf Club sold to investment group" Evansville Courier & Press 9/1/2010 As of 2018 it was purchased by the Dormie Network.
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The pace of mineral exploitation rose dramatically in the 20th century. In late 1942, under wartime German control, the Czech town of Most began output of Ersatz fuel synthesized from brown coal at the "Sudetenländische Treibstoffwerke AG (STW) Maltheuren plant", operating with forced labor. The town was repeatedly bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. After the war, with Soviet domination of the area, Moscow ordered the industrial development of the North Bohemian Basin on a grand scale. The installation of chemical plants, steel factories and refineries required vast amounts of energy; the energy came from burning dirty and inexpensive lignite (brown coal) from local strip mines.
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However, the Dewar flasks the LOX was stored in occasionally exploded, which was caused by iron impurities in the activated carbon serving as trace gas absorbent in the insulation vacuum layer in the flask, which caused spontaneous ignition in case of LOX leak into the enclosed space. Use of oxyliquits during World War II was low, as there was a plentiful supply of nitrates obtained from synthetic ammonia. Due to the complicated machinery required for manufacture of liquid oxygen, oxyliquit explosives were used mostly only where their consumption was high. In the United States, some such locations were the strip mines in coal mining areas of the Midwest.
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Hazle Creek flows from its headwaters near Hazleton to its mouth near Weatherly. Due to underground mining, most of the surface drainage in the Hazleton Basin has been destroyed. Surface water infiltrates into the underlying minepool through abandoned strip mines. Initially part of the terrain traversed by the Amerindian trail known to white settlers as the "Warriors' Path", the creek's water gap hosted an early crude wagon road, the Lausanne-Nescopeck Road, which connected the Moravians in Bethlehem and the lower Luzerne County settlements of "Saint Anthony's Wilderness", the earliest being those along the Nescopeck Creek in a village known as St. Johns in the late 1700s.
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However, it does not discharge in the watershed, but instead discharges into the watershed of Wiconisco Creek via the Big Lick Tunnel. Another mine pool, the Brookside Mine pool, is located in the watershed of West Branch Rausch Creek and actually does discharge into the creek at above sea level, via the Valley View Tunnel. The discharge of this pool ranges from per day, with an average of per day, making it the largest single source of water and abandoned mine drainage in the watershed. Some small deep mines and strip mines line the mountain slopes to the north and south of West Branch Rausch Creek.
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In 2006, the US consumed or 92.3% of coal mined for electricity generation. As of 2013, domestic coal consumption for power production was being displaced by natural gas, but production from strip mines utilizing thick deposits in the western United States such as the Powder River Basin in northern Wyoming and Southern Montana for export to Asia increased. In 2014, 3.0 percent of the coal shipments from Montana and Wyoming were exported.Domestic and international coal distribution, US Energy Information Administration, 2013. The 2014 coal exports from the two states of 13.4 million short tons represented an increase of 1.2 million tons over 2012 export levels, which is 0.3 percent of the states’ 2014 total coal shipments of .
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The NYO&W; Railroad, which depended heavily on its Scranton branch for freight traffic, was abandoned in 1957. Mine subsidence was a spreading problem in the city as pillar supports in abandoned mines began to fail; cave-ins sometimes consumed entire blocks of homes. The area was left scarred by abandoned coal mining structures, strip mines, and massive culm dumps, some of which caught fire and burned for many years until they were extinguished through government efforts. In 1970, the Secretary of Mines for Pennsylvania suggested that so many underground voids had been left by mining underneath Scranton that it would be "more economical" to abandon the city than make them safe.
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In 1889, the Kansas and Arkansas Valley Railway (later acquired by the Missouri Pacific Railway) built a line from Wagoner, Oklahoma through the Foyil area on to the Kansas state line. The area was then just inside the northeastern corner of the Creek Nation in Indian Territory. A post office was established in March 1890 with the name Foyil. It was closed in September 1890, but reopened in April 1891. By 1901, the population was estimated at 100 people. The Dawes Commission had the town platted in 1902, before the Creek allotment. Strip mines began producing coal nearby before statehood in 1907, causing a small boom in population. Inola's population was 405 in 1920.
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As of 2013 in the Pacific Northwest of the United States a number of coal terminals such as the Gateway Pacific Terminal in Bellingham, Washington were proposed for export of coal from the Powder River Basin to China.Dirty war; A rancorous scrap over plans to send American coal to Asia Coal would move from strip mines in Wyoming and Montana by rail April 20, 2013 The Economist The Gateway Pacific Terminal, if constructed, would be operated by SSA Marine and commence operations in 2016. Of the six proposals, three had been dropped by May 9, 2013. In addition to Gateway Pacific, Millennium Bulk Terminals in Longview, Washington, and Ambre Energy's Morrow Pacific Project in Boardman, Oregon remained under consideration.
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In 1830 Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company operating manager Josiah White opened mining digs at overt anthracite outcroppings in Room Run ravine (Also spelled Rhume Run), and built a self-acting plane (funicular) railroad two miles downstream to the company's Lehigh Canal. Large areas in the valley have been disturbed by coal mining related activities, including a majority of terrains down-crest inside the Panther Creek Valley. While the ridge has been extensively mined, most of the digging is on the higher and less steep side of the mountain within the Panther Creek Valley. Much of the runoff from strip mines is retained in abandoned pits, and shaft mines from the Nesquehoning Creek side have been rare, the sole exception being the mine converted into the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad's Hauto Tunnel in 1872, and therefore lesser amounts of surface runoff is discharged into Nesquehoning Creek.
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On January 15, 2008, the environmental advocacy group Center for Biological Diversity petitioned the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to end a policy that waives detailed federal Endangered Species Act reviews for new mining permits. Under current policy, as long as a given MTR mining operation complies with federal surface mining law, the agency presumes conclusively, despite the complexities of intra- and inter-species relationships, that the instance of MTR in question is not damaging to endangered species or their habitat. Since 1996, this policy has exempted many strip mines from being subject to permit- specific reviews of impact on individual endangered species. Because of the 1996 Biological Opinion by FWS making case-by-case formal reviews unnecessary, the Interior's Office of Surface Mining and state regulators require mining companies to hire a government-approved contractor to conduct their own surveys for any potential endangered species.
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As per its website, the current campaign priorities of Friends of the Earth internationally are: economic justice and resisting neoliberalism, forests and biodiversity, food sovereignty and climate justice and energy (Including releasing the song "Love Song To the Earth"). The campaign priorities of FOEI are set at its bi-annual general meeting. Additionally, FOEI also plans campaigns in other fields like desertification, Antarctica, maritime, mining and extractive industries and nuclear power. In 2016, FOEI also led a campaign on the consumption and intensive meat production (Meat Atlas) FOEI claims that it has been successful as it has eliminated billions in taxpayer subsidies to corporate polluters, reformed the World Bank to address environmental and human rights concerns, pushed the debate on global warming to pressure the U.S. to attempt the best legislation possible, stopped more than 150 destructive dams and water projects worldwide, pressed and won landmark regulations of strip mines and oil tankers and banned international whaling.
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Gone were the days of the "single-blanket, jackass prospector" long associated with the romantic west. Open pit and strip mines scarred the landscape as international mining corporations bought claims in highly visible areas of the national monument. The public outcry that ensued led to greater protection for all national park and monument areas in the United States. In 1976, Congress passed the Mining in the Parks Act, which closed Death Valley National Monument to the filing of new mining claims, banned open-pit mining and required the National Park Service to examine the validity of tens of thousands of pre-1976 mining claims. Mining was allowed to resume on a limited basis in 1980 with stricter environmental standards. Death Valley National Monument was designated a biosphere reserve in 1984. On October 31, 1994, the monument was expanded by 1.3 million acres (5,300 km2) and re-designated as a national park, via congressional passage of the California Desert Protection Act (Public Law 103-433). Consequently, the elevated status for Death Valley made it the largest national park in the contiguous United States.
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This has been cited to claim that he invented the third rail system of current distribution. However, by that time there had been numerous other patents for electrified third-rail systems, including Thomas Edison's of 1882, and third rails had been in successful use for over a decade, in installations including the rest of Chicago 'elevateds', as well as those used in Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, not to mention the development outside the US. In Paris, a third rail appeared in 1900 in the main-line tunnel connecting the Gare d'Orsay to the rest of the CF Paris-Orléans network. Main-line third-rail electrification was later expanded to some suburban services. The Woodford haulage system was used on industrial tramways, specifically in quarries and strip mines in the early decades of the 20th century. This used a 250 Volt center third rail to power remotely-controlled self-propelled side dump cars.F. E. Woodford, An Electric Haulage System: Controlling Cars at a Distance From a Central Station, Scientific American Supplement, No. 2115, July 15, 1916; page 40.An Electrically-Operated Quarry and Plant for Production of Broken Stone at Gary, Ill.
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