Politicians seeking patronage appointments block progress with their brinkmanship and stratagems.
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To achieve all of this, Mansour drew on a rich repertoire of stratagems.
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Some background is necessary to understand the stratagems of this legal chess game.
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When his stratagems work, or simply seem to work, he's heralded as a genius.
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Projects like Mattala are not driven by local economic needs but by remote stratagems.
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The men and women guard their stratagems like jewels, and their lusts like hidden fires.
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It's a lesson his kids appear to have absorbed, the hard stratagems of the closet.
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Rabbits and squirrels, though quick, are ubiquitous and without particular stratagems and are frequently flattened.
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First, Trump sees himself as a savvy negotiator and dealmaker willing to employ bold stratagems.
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"That's why I do this," Mr. Willis said in the "Haters" video, referring broadly to his stratagems.
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Has any character seen women, liked women, enjoyed their conversation and stratagems quite so much as he?
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His military and political stratagems coincided with a receptive mood in revolutionary France, which abolished slavery in 1794.
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But stratagems that sound plausible in the corridors of the White House don't always work in the Middle East.
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These surreptitious stratagems cast further doubt on the stability and legitimacy that the contest had been meant to bestow.
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The program hit upon a number of well-known patterns and variations during self-play, before developing never-before-seen stratagems.
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Among Rush's stratagems was telling Adams that he had had a dream in which Adams broke the ice by writing Jefferson.
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As AVs gather data about road conditions and safety stratagems, do they share it with one another, so that they all get smarter?
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Selina Meyer, Julia Louis-Dreyfus's accidental ex-president on HBO's "Veep," may consider herself a brilliant political player, but her stratagems rarely succeed.
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All the little denials, all the stratagems of not feeling by which most of us endure from minute to minute were unavailable to her.
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This opens up a discovery process — the rarest of chances to inquire into the industry's marketing stratagems — that the plaintiffs' lawyers are eager to pursue.
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With a convergence of emerging technology, ideological motivations and attack stratagems, now is not the time to remain complacent to the risks that surround us.
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Like any other socio-cultural dynamic, the fall of figuration and the rise of Suprematism is replete with the stratagems of personal politics and grand ambitions.
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Album Review Think of all the tricks and stratagems we employ to hold grief at bay — the time-filling activities, the eating, the emotional jiu-jitsu.
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Instead of maximizing pill profits, his job is to save millions of dollars by educating doctors about expensive prescription drugs and the stratagems used to sell them.
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But she knows that he is probably sitting in his cell, playing a similar game of conjectural chess, trying to anticipate how she will react to his stratagems.
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It was while working as an economist in the Truman administration that Professor Schelling became intrigued by the stratagems and negotiating ploys that he observed in international bargaining.
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A belief in the inherent goodness of growth looks like the kind of thing you tell yourself and others as you devise stratagems to keep adding users to Facebook.
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As with earlier versions of AlphaGo, DeepMind hopes Zero will act as an inspiration to professional human players, suggesting new moves and stratagems for them to incorporate into their game.
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"Their ways of moving are very specifically designed by women — fierce, powerful, military-minded women who figured out stratagems that made them most effective and deadly in battle," said Gurira.
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Lovell's career had first become known to me through his wonderful memoir, "Of Spies and Stratagems," beloved by my nonfictional, scare-quoteless grandfather, whose old Pocket Books edition I now reread.
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But it would make it more difficult to avoid evidence-based findings of effective competition by employing ill-founded stratagems designed to tilt the FCC's seesaw towards more regulatory power grabs.
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The architects of the welfare state used such stratagems to hide their true intentions and entrench the welfare state so deeply that future politicians would be unable to roll it back.
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Performing one song each, they grasped at some strands of Mr. Bowie's achievements: his bounding riffs and encompassing melodies, the aphorisms and enigmas of his lyrics, his arty stratagems, his fashion sense.
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It's a question now frequently posed to U.S. chemical manufacturers, whose products – ranging from plastics to cosmetic ingredients – have become stratagems in the Trump administration's effort to shake up the international trading system.
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Over time the various agents learned (and of course reported back) various stratagems, from simple things such as how to scatter units under an area-of-effect attack to complex multi-pronged offenses.
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China is fully prepared to win any kind of tariff war that Donald Trump can throw at it with some quite simple stratagems that might all be grouped under a single rubric: Autocratic Capitalism.
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Things have taken such a turn into this sort of self-consciousness that the charisma and racial stratagems of the flamboyantly ideological Johnnie Cochran have reappeared in two different O. J. Simpson television events.
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That they could steer him away from destructive policy ideas he repeatedly endorsed on the campaign trail, like starting a trade war or tearing up international agreements, through clever stratagems or sheer force of will.
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And, so, for years before Garvey's eventual arrest for mail fraud in connection with the Black Star Line, Hoover pursued and targeted Garvey, using infiltration, surveillance and other stratagems to try to find grounds for his removal.
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By far the best thing about I Wanna Marry Harry are the genius stratagems used to convince the contestants that "Sir"—as Kingsley calls Hicks before the big reveal—really is a member of the British royal family.
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Mr. Xu's extremely abrupt storytelling style, the way his scenario leans on martial arts traditions and cultural referents without much audience hand-holding, and the pileup of stratagems and betrayals make the movie a bit tough to follow.
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According to Curtis, Trump has taken his stratagems for spreading pandemonium from Surkov's playbook, with Steve Bannon — a product of Hollywood and Goldman Sachs who now sits on the National Security Council's Principals Committee — acting as Trump's Surkov.
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Mr. Mattis could have tried to outmaneuver Mr. Bolton — who has wanted him gone for some time — and stay in his job, discreetly devising stratagems for eluding dangers posed by Mr. Trump's erratic behavior and blunting objectionable military initiatives.
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But the movie focuses on politics only to the extent that they influence the stratagems of the Duchess of Marlborough (Weisz) and her cousin Abigail Hill (Stone) as they scheme for the favors (all of them) of the Queen.
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The Times wants a "detailed breakdown of casualties by strike or geographic area" and an "unredacted document outlining rules for lethal missions outside declared war zones" oblivious to any consideration as to how terrorists might use such information to devise stratagems to avoid the strikes.
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"For Chinese military strategists, among the lessons learned from AlphaGo's victories was the fact that an AI could create tactics and stratagems superior to those of a human player in a game that can be compared to a war-game," wrote Elsa Kania, an expert on Chinese military innovation.
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RALEIGH, N.C. — After more than nine hours of closed-door meetings, jawboning and complicated legislative stratagems, North Carolina legislators went home in frustration Wednesday after failing to repeal the state law that has prompted economic boycotts, lawsuits, political acrimony and contributed to the defeat of the Republican governor.
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"Cunning past men's thought," as Antony notes, she ingeniously elaborates a whole battery of stratagems to keep herself in the forefront of his attention: flirtation, capricious annoyance, the constant private teasing, frustrating allusions to significant undelivered information; but also, shared ambition, trusting collaboration, sincere deeply felt admiration for his achievements, insistence on her own equality.
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The Thirty-Six Stratagems consists of six chapters, with each chapter consisting of six stratagems.
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This latter anecdote also appears in the earlier Stratagems of Frontinus.Sextus Julius Frontinus. Stratagems, 2.1.9. Polyaenus's accounts have led some modern historians to tentatively propose the following synthesis of the battle.
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The Thirty-Six Stratagems came to the public's attention after a review of it was published in the Chinese Communist Party's Guangming Daily newspaper on September 16, 1961. It was subsequently reprinted and distributed with growing popularity. The Thirty-Six Stratagems are divided into a preface, six chapters containing six stratagems each, and an incomplete afterword that was missing text. The first three chapters generally describe tactics for use in advantageous situations, while the last three chapters contain stratagems that are more suitable for disadvantageous situations.
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Nearly all of his political and military stratagems proved to be disasters.
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Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, pp 132-133; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.12.2.
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37 (extract from Pomponius, with the wrong praenomen Gaius).Wheeler, "'Sapiens' and Stratagems", p. 190 (note 98).
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This is the most famous of the stratagems and is immortalized in the form of a Chinese idiom: "Of the Thirty-Six Stratagems, fleeing is best" (三十六計，走為上計／三十六计，走为上计, Sānshíliù jì, zǒu wéi shàng jì).
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He and his consular colleague waged war in Sicily.Polybius 1.20.3–7, cf. Diodorus Siculus 23.9; Frontinus, Stratagems 3.16.
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He and his consular colleague waged war in Sicily.Polybius 1.20.3–7, cf. Diodorus Siculus 23.9; Frontinus, Stratagems 3.16.
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Yusuf Shibl. "On Past Presidents and Football Stratagems: Fifty Years of Memories at AUB". Maingate Magazine. Spring 2007 Vol.
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Indrajala is the use of stratagems for victory over the enemy and according to Kautilya it comes under Bheda.
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Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus 12:13, trans. John Dryden. Accessed 26 May 2006. According to Polyaenus,Stratagems, 4:3,32.
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12; Frontinus, Stratagems 2.5.21; Silius Italicus 17.304; Plutarch, Life of Marcellus 24; Appian, Hannibalic Wars 48; Eutropius 3.14; Orosius 4.18.3.
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You are well aware how necessary it is to reconnoitre an enemy to know by what method to counterwork his stratagems.
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Dieci stratagemmi (Italian: "Ten Stratagems") is an album by Franco Battiato. It was released in fall of 2004 by Sony Music, and features musicians like the Krisma and Lacuna Coil's female singer Cristina Scabbia. Battiato came up with the idea of this album after reading the book Thirty-Six Stratagems, an ancient Chinese tactic and strategy military book.
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5; Velleius Paterculus 1.10.6; Frontinus, Stratagems 4.1.32. and downgraded the rank of several knights. They named M. Aemilius Lepidus princeps senatus.Livy 41.27.1.
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Will you not, then, make it the beginning of some of the suppletory arts and stratagems of the spiritual life with yourselves?
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Tactical manoeuvres were therefore intended to disrupt the enemy formation, including the use of various stratagems, such as dividing one's force and carrying out flanking manoeuvres, feigning retreat or hiding a reserve in ambush (Tactica, XIX.52–56). Indeed, Leo VI openly advised (Tactica, XIX.36) against direct confrontation and advocates the use of stratagems instead. According to Leo VI (Tactica, XIX.
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Chang Jian seems to be connected with the stratagem of "Tossing out a brick to get a jade gem" of the Thirty-Six Stratagems.
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Trapped against the marsh the Pontic soldiers had nowhere to run and were massacred.Philip Matyszak, Mithridates, p. 80; Lynda Telford, Sulla, p. 134; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.3.17.
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It has been argued that the ΛCDM model is built upon a foundation of conventionalist stratagems, rendering it unfalsifiable in the sense defined by Karl Popper.
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Corculum took over the command at this point and captured Delmnium, which he completely destroyed and sold its inhabitants to slavery.Frontinus, Stratagems, iii. 6 § 2.Strabo, vii.
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Repeated in . Plutarch does not name Aeropus. or the stratagems of the Lacedaemonian king Agesilaus, allowing his armies free passage through Macedonia after their campaign in Asia.
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Polyaenus briefly reprises Plutarch's tale in his 2nd-century CE Stratagems of War.Polyaenus, Stratagems VIII.39.1 In the Renaissance, the story of Camma enjoyed considerable popularity, inspiring De re uxoria by Barbaro, De institutione feminae christianae by Vives, the Libro del cortegiano by Castiglione, and Orlando furioso by Ariosto (where Camma is renamed Drusilla). Thomas Corneille wrote a play named Camma (1661) about the story of the Galatian princess.
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The nineteenth-century Teubner edition of the Latin text Strategemata, or Stratagems, is a work by the Roman author Frontinus (c. 40 – 103 AD). It is a collection of examples of military stratagems from Greek and Roman history, ostensibly for the use of generals. Frontinus is assumed to have written Strategemata towards the end of the first century AD, possibly in connection with a lost work on military theory.
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48; Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, pp 117-118. while Metellus defeated Hirtuleius at the Battle of Italica.Livy, Epitome, 91.4; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.1.2 and 2.3.
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Since Wáng did not refer to any thirty-six specific stratagems, the thirty-six proverbs and their connection to military strategies and tactics are likely to have been created after the fact, with only the collection's name being attributed to Wáng. The Thirty-Six Stratagems have variably been attributed to Sun Tzu from the Spring and Autumn period of China, or Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms period, but neither are regarded as the true author by historians; the prevailing view is that the Thirty-Six Stratagems may have originated in both written and oral history, with different versions that were compiled by different authors throughout Chinese history. Some stratagems reference occurrences in the time of Sun Bin, approximately 150 years after Sun Tzu's death. The original hand- copied paperback that is the basis of the current version was believed to have been discovered in China's Shaanxi province, of an unknown date and author, and put into print by a local publisher in 1941.
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Original 100 Alaska Eskimo Yo-Yo Stratagems: Instructional Book. Publication Consultants. ASIN: B007SNYM38. /. and "Keynote Speaker: Christopher (Chris) J. Kiana, M.B.A., MA-RD, Ph.D., candidate", WCSpeakers.com (accessed: December 01 2016).
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The eldest son Fusu was supposed to be elected as the next emperor.Tung, Douglas S. Tung, Kenneth. [2003] (2003). More Than 36 Stratagems: A Systematic Classification Based On Basic Behaviours.
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5; Dio XXXVII. 4; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2. iii. 14; John Leach, Pompey the Great, p.85. The victory finally put an end to any threat of armed resistance in the north-east.
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By these barefaced stratagems Esterhazy and his defenders on the staff made certain of the complicity of the minister and of the president of the republic, while they compromised Picquart more deeply.
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They then restored the pipe and the desperate Kirrhans immediately began drinking the water, unaware that Kleisthenes had poisoned it with helleboreFrontinus, Stratagems 3.7.6 . According to Polyaenus, a writer of the 2nd century the attackers added the hellebore to the spring from which the water came. Polyaenus also gave credit for the strategy not to Kleisthenes but to General Eurylochus, who he claimed advised his allies to gather a large amount of hellebore from Anticyra, where it was abundantPolyaenus, Stratagems 6.13 .
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These letters were to be opened only if a storm caused the ships to become separated and lose sight of their flagship.Frontinus, Sextus Julius. The Stratagems: and The Aqueducts of Rome. London: Heinemann, 1925. Print.
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Polyaenus suggests that Philip engaged the allied left, but then withdrew his troops; the Athenians on the left followed and, when Philip held the high ground, he stopped retreating and attacked the Athenians, eventually routing them..Polyaenus. Stratagems in War, 4.2.2. In another 'stratagem', Polyaenus suggests that Philip deliberately prolonged the battle, to take advantage of the rawness of the Athenian troops (his own veterans being more used to fatigue) and delayed his main attack until the Athenians were exhausted.Polyaenus. Stratagems in War, 4.2.7.
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Wang Yun commits suicide in front of Li Jue and Guo Si. Print from a Qing dynasty edition of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wang Yun appears as a character in two chapters of the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the events in the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. In the novel, Wang Yun devised an elaborate plot to eliminate Dong Zhuo. It involved two of the Thirty-Six Stratagems: Beauty Trap and Chain Stratagems.
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Frontinus also wrote a theoretical treatise on military science, which is lost. His extant work on military matters, the Stratagems (Latin: Strategemata), is a collection of examples of military stratagems from Greek and Roman history, for the use of generals. He draws on his own experience as a general in Germania under Domitian, but similarities between the anecdotes he records and versions of other Roman authors like Valerius Maximus and Livy suggest that he drew mainly on literary sources. The authenticity of the fourth book has been challenged.
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In the article "On Information Warfare Strategies", by Major General Niu Li, Colonel Li Jiangzhou and Major Xu Dehui (of the Communications and Command Institute), the authors define IW stratagems as "schemes and methods devised and used by commanders and commanding bodies to seize and maintain information supremacy on the basis of using clever methods to prevail at a relatively small cost in information warfare."Niu Li, Li Jiangzhou, and Xu Dehui, "On Information Warfare Stratagems," Beijing Zhongguo Junshi Kexue, 12 January 2001, 115-22. Translated and downloaded from /f_049.htm FBIS.
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After routing their opponents his flanks he enveloped Hirtuleius centre.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.3.5. This was the classic tactic used by Hannibal at Cannae almost a century and a half ago. It had worked then and it had worked now.
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Pompey's only logical course of action was to stay put and he did. He was forced to become a bystander while his men were cut down before his eyes. The Pompeian army lost ten thousand men.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.
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Of these, the Sindi are the best attested, and were probably the dominant people among the Maeotians. The language of the Maeotians or even language family is uncertain. One princess of the Ixomates was called Tirgatao,Polyaenus. Stratagems, 8.55.
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When Qin Shi Huang died, Meng Tian's death was caused by Zhao Gao who forged a letter from Qin Shi Huang.Tung, Douglas S. Tung, Kenneth. (2003). More Than 36 Stratagems: A Systematic Classification Based On Basic Behaviours. Trafford Publishing. .
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The strategy employed by Han Xin, known as mingxiu zhandao, andu Chencang (明修棧道, 暗度陳倉; lit. "appearing to repair the gallery roads while making secret advances through Chencang"), became one of the Thirty-Six Stratagems.
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According to U.S. military analysts, attacking the enemy’s mind is an important element of the People's Republic of China's military strategy. This type of warfare is rooted in the Chinese Stratagems outlined by Sun Tzu in The Art of War and Thirty-Six Stratagems. In its dealings with its rivals, China is expected to utilize Marxism to mobilize communist loyalists, as well as flex its economic and military muscle to persuade other nations to act in China's interests. The Chinese government also tries to control the media to keep a tight hold on propaganda efforts for its people.
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The Battle of Lauron (also known as the Battle of Lauro, not to be confused for the Battle of Lauro of 45 BC) was fought in 76 BC by a rebel force under the command of the renegade Roman general Quintus Sertorius and an army of Roman Republic under the command of the Roman general Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (better known as Pompey). The battle was part of the Sertorian War and ended in victory for Sertorius and his rebels. The battle was recorded in detail by Frontinus in his Stratagems and by Plutarch in his Lives of Sertorius and Pompey.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.
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Metellus followed wanting to make the most of his victory by trapping Sertorius between Pompey and himself.John Leach, Pompey the Great, p.47; Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, pp 118-119; Livy, Epitome, 91.4; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.1.2 and 2.3.5.
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He only did this to keep his troops disciplined, yet it he happened to meet with an actual ambush. His soldiers dealt with it calmly, since they we expecting it.Frontinus, Stratagems, 4.7.42 Pompey had less luck when he tried to take Palentia.
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1, 9. A soldier who committed an act of theft (furtum) against civilians by contrast had his right hand cut off.Frontinus, Stratagems 4.1.6; Jonathan P. Roth, The Logistics of the Roman Army at War (264 B.C.–A.D. 235) (Brill, 1999), p. 149.
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Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 17. Pompey recruited a large army from among his father's and Sulla's veterans and marched to Spain. Confident of success he engaged Sertorius at the Battle of Lauron in eastern Spain only to suffer a major defeat.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.
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It contains thirty-eight stratagems and many footnotes. There is a preliminary discussion about the distinction between logic and dialectics. E. F. J. Payne has translated these notes into English.Arthur Schopenhauer, Manuscript Remains in Four Volumes, Edited by Arthur Hübscher, Translated by E.F.J. Payne, Vol.
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1 Frontinus in his Stratagems lists twice how P. Decius' saved the army of Cornelius CossusFrontin. strat., i.5.14, iv.5.9 The anonymous author of the 4th century AD De viris illustribus attributes the acts of P. Decius to the Battle of Mount Gaurus.uir.
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Slingers were frequently recruited from the Balearic Islands. The Carthaginians also employed war elephants; North Africa had indigenous African forest elephants at the time. Garrison duty and land blockades were the most common operations. When armies were campaigning, surprise attacks, ambushes and stratagems were common.
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Gruen, pg. 19 With Pompey's arrival in 76 BC, Sertorius turned his attention to him, inflicting severe losses on the Pompeian army at the Battle of Lauron.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.31; Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 18.3; Plutarch, Life of Sertorius, 18; John Leach, Pompey the Great, pp.
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The agnomen Corculum is unique in Roman history; it is probably an archaic Latin word meaning "intellectual giftedness" or "cleverness".Pliny, vii. 118. It is not known how Corculum received this nickname, but it may derive from his ingenious military strategies.Wheeler, "'Sapiens' and Stratagems", pp. 189–190.
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166Kamath (1980), p.103 His rule however was an important period of development of Kannada literature. The Brahmin Kannada writers Durgasimha (who was also his minister and wrote the Panchatantra, "The five stratagems", 1031), Chavundaraya II (encyclopaedia, Lokopakara, c. 1025) and Kavitavilasa were in his patronage.
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When the battle finally commenced Metellus held back his own centre and concentrated on winning on the flanks. After routing their opponents his wings enveloped Hirtuleius centre.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.3.5. Hirtuleius lost 20,000 men and fled north to join his commander Sertorius who was squaring off against Pompey.
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Carrasco intends Quitieria, against her will, to marry Camacho. Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are invited to the wedding celebrations. Basilio, Quitieria's true love, enlists Lucinda and Vivaldo to assist him by various stratagems. Many of these are foiled inadvertently by the eccentric behaviour of Quixote.
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Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.3.5. This was the classic tactic used by Hannibal at Cannae almost a century and a half ago. Hirtuleius lost 20,000 men at ItalicaJohn Leach, Pompey the Great, p. 48. and fled north to join his commander Sertorius who was squaring off against Pompey.
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On the arrival of Fitzmaurice in July 1579, he went into rebellion. An adept in all the stratagems of Irish warfare, and personally brave in carrying his schemes into execution, he became, after the death of the "arch traitor", the unquestionable, though not nominal, head of the rebellion.
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Qin Shi Huang did not like to talk about his own death and he had never written a will. After his death, the eldest son Fusu would normally become the next emperor.Tung, Douglas S. Tung, Kenneth. (2003). More Than 36 Stratagems: A Systematic Classification Based On Basic Behaviours.
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This was the last pitched battle Sertorius fought, and probably one he had not wanted in the first place. Sertorius ordered his army to break up and reassemble at a place he designated.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.13.3. He then made for the fortress town of Clunia and prepared for a siege.
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He named it Asubakkiri and also taught him the technique of swimming and shipping. He also taught him the art of diving in the sea and searching for pearls. He also taught him the technique of finding Gold and silver rushes. He in addition taught him various stratagems.
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After putting Gloatbridge in his place, Palfrey challenges Delauney to a rematch. Using some stratagems, he thoroughly frustrates his foe before they even start playing. Then, with April watching, Palfrey proceeds to win the set 6-0. April becomes disgusted with Delauney's behaviour afterward and drives off with Palfrey.
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Aeschylus wrote in The Eumenides that Hermes helped Orestes kill Clytemnestra under a false identity and other stratagems, and also said that he was the god of searches, and those who seek things lost or stolen.Aeschylus, Suppliant Women 919. Quoted in God of Searchers. The Theoi Project: Greek Mythology.
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Velleius Paterculus, too, wrote that Labienus and Pacorus died in the battle.Velleius Paterculus, Roman History , 2.78 Frontinus, like Florus, thought that Ventidius feigned fear to lure the Parthians into an unfavourable situation and then attacked them by surprise. The Parthians refused to follow Labienus and left the province. Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.
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When the battle finally commenced Metellus held back his own centre and concentrated on winning on the flanks. After defeating his opponents flanks he enveloped Hirtuleius centre.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.3.5. Hirtuleius lost 20,000 men at Italica and, chastened, he fled north to join his commander Sertorius who was squaring off against Pompey.
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Plutarch, Crassus, 9:1–3; Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, p. 109. Note: Plutarch and Frontinus write of expeditions under the command of "Clodius the praetor" and "Publius Varinus", while Appian writes of "Varinius Glaber" and "Publius Valerius".
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64.6 The ultimate fate of Orontes is unknown. Diodorus and Polyaenus mention a man named Orontes, who was a Satrap of Armenia during the Second War of the Diadochi;Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica, xix. 23.3Polyaenus, Stratagems in War, iv. 8.3 Diodorus adds that this Orontes was a friend of Peucestas.
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The Empty Fort Strategy is the 32nd of the Chinese Thirty-Six Stratagems. The strategy involves using reverse psychology (and luck) to deceive the enemy into thinking that an empty location is full of traps and ambushes, and therefore induce the enemy to retreat. Some examples are listed in the following sections.
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Frontinus, Stratagems, II,2,6 Both generals met again in battle the following year in Canusium. Numistro and Canusium were probably separated in time by no more than six months, as the former happened during the last period of the 210 BC consulship while the latter was in the early months of 209 BC.
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After the battle, according to Polyaenus, Xerxes acknowledged her to have excelled above all the officers in the fleet and sent her a complete suit of Greek armour; he also presented the captain of her ship with a distaff and spindle.Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.2" In acknowledgement of her gallantry, the king sent her a complete suit of Greek armour; and he presented the captain of the ship with a distaff and spindle."Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.5" At the famous battle of Salamis, the king acknowledged her to have excelled herself above all the officers in the fleet." According to Herodotus, after the defeat, Xerxes presented Artemisia with two possible courses of action and asked her which she recommended.
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First, Seokga and Mireuk play "immortal go" and "immortal janggi." Next, they each try using a rock to moor a boat whose rigging is of sand. Seokga is triumphant both times, because Mireuk is "foolish" while Seokga is "full of ruses and full of artifice, with cunning stratagems." Mireuk refuses to accept his defeats.
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Hirtuleius mustered his army some time soon after dawn and marched on Metellus's encampment trying to provoke his opponent into battle. Metellus kept his troops in his camp behind their entrenchments until noon. It was extremely hot and Hirtuleius's troops were soon sweltering out in the open while Metellus's legionaries remained relatively fresh.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.1.2.
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He stages a charade in which a disguised De Gard pretends to be Oriana's new love, a Savoyard lord, wealthy and powerful. Mirabel is taken in at first; but a servant abused by Lugier gives away the plot. The wild goose escapes. Pinac and Belleur try stratagems to regain the initiative with the ladies.
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As of 2008, he is the chairman of the Académie de Marine, and President of the Mediterranean Foundation for Strategic Research.History of the Marine Academy He is also a member of the international committee of patronage of the French journal Politique américaine, dedicated to the study of internal and international stratagems of the United States.
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Polyaenus, Stratagems 7.2; Forster, "Dogs in Ancient Warfare," p. 114. During the Late Antiquity, Attila the Hun used molosser dogs in his campaigns. Gifts of war dog breeding stock between European royalty were seen as suitable tokens for exchange throughout the Middle Ages. Other civilizations used armored dogs to defend caravans or attack enemies.
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Fitting atmosphere in the Wild West, the film tells the story of Franco and Ciccio, two well-known arms dealers who come to a desolate village where peace reigns. Since the social situation is very quiet, the buddies start with cunning stratagems to get everyone against each other to unleash a veritable pandemonium and be able to make money.
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Metellus promptly defeated Hirtuleius in a battle near the Roman colony of Italica. Hirtuleius mustered his army soon after dawn and marched on Metellus's encampment. Metellus also mustered his troops, but kept them behind his entrenchments until noon. It was extremely hot and Hirtuleius' troops were soon sweltering while Metellus' legionaries remained relatively fresh.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.1.2.
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Frontinus reports: ::Pompey put troops here and there, in places where they could attack from ambush. Then, pretending fear, he pulled back drawing the enemy after him. Then, when he had the enemy exposed to the ambuscade, he wheeled his army about. He attacked, slaughtering the enemy to his front and on both flanksFrontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.32.
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These preparations being completed, Hannibal sought to induce the Saguntines to come to arms with him and thereby declare war on Rome through her proxy. He did not desire to break the peace himself,Mommsen 1862, p. 96Walbank 1979, p. 191 and resorted to a variety of stratagems in order to induce the Saguntines to attack.
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At this point the Sertorian cavalry was unleashed and started riding down the fleeing Pompeians turning the rout into a massacre. Furthermore a squadron of 250 cavalry had set out for Pompey's camp the moment the opening attack started and were now working their way back killing every Pompeian they encountered.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.31; John Leach, Pompey the Great, pp.
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Sun Zi Bing Fa Yu San Shi Liu Ji, literally Sun Tzu's The Art of War and the Thirty-Six Stratagems, is a Chinese television series first broadcast in 2000. Set in the Warring States period of ancient China, the series tells the story of Sun Bin, a descendant of Sun Tzu, and his rival Pang Juan.
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Artemisia in the meantime sheered off, and escaped safely to Caria."Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.2 "...sank a ship of the Calyndian allies, which was commanded by Damasithymus." Damasithymus's ship sank and he and all his crew were lost.Herodotus Book 8: Urania,88 "...not one of the crew of the Calyndian ship survived to become her accuser.
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Metellus mustered his troops too, but kept them behind his entrenchments until noon. It was extremely hot and Hirtuleius' troops were soon sweltering while Metellus' legionaries remained relatively fresh.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.1.2. Since his enemy remained drawn up in front of his camp for hours, Metellus had plenty of time to study their dispositions and make his own plans accordingly.
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11 Frontinus wrote that he cut off the right hands of deserters.Frontinus, Stratagems, 4.1.42 Orosius, whose work was biased, wrote that he "cut off the hands of five hundred Lusitanian chiefs who had been tempted by his offer of an alliance and had been received in accordance with the law of surrender."Orosius, History against the Pagans, 5.4.
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Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.9.1. However, the night and the succeeding few days passed without incident, much to Marius' relief.Plutarch, Marius, 20.3. While waiting, Marius sent one of his legates, Claudius Marcellus, with 3,000 troops some distance away and ordered him to remain undetected until a determined time when he would appear at the enemy rear.Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius, pp 136-137.
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Thus reinforced Sertorius decided to try and take the Spanish east coast (because the cities there support his enemies). His first target was the city of Lauron where he outgeneraled Pompey and massacred a large part of his army (see: the Battle of Lauron).Plutarch, Life of Sertorius, 18; Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 18; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.31; John Leach, Pompey the Great, pp.
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His plans were disturbed, however, by Ptolemy, who made a surprise attack in Cilicia. We do know that Seleucus defeated Antigonus in at least one decisive battle. This battle is only mentioned in Stratagems in War by Polyaenus. Polyaenus reports that the troops of Seleucus and Antigonus fought for a whole day, but when night came the battle was still undecided.
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Thus reinforced Sertorius decided to try and take the Spanish east coast (because the cities there support his enemies). His first target was the city of Lauron where he outgeneraled Pompey and massacred a large part of his army (see: the battle of Lauron).Plutarch, Life of Sertorius, 18; Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 18; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.31; John Leach, Pompey the Great, pp.
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It is currently the fifth-highest railway bridge in Western Canada.Cappis, Ed (1994) Stratagems for the Village of Entwistle The Pembina River BridgeConstruction on the bridge began in 1908. As there were no cranes big enough to carry steel back then, a massive false bridge and scaffolding was built out of wood. The steel bridge itself was completely pre-fabricated in Scotland.
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Through successful feints and stratagems Landau fell to the French commander in August, followed in November by Freiburg.Lynn: The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714, p. 357 Eugene was reluctant to carry on the war, and wrote to the Emperor in June that a bad peace would be better than being 'ruined equally by friend and foe'.McKay: Prince Eugene of Savoy, p.
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Thus reinforced, Sertorius decided to try and take the Spanish east coast (because the cities there supported his enemies). His first target was the city of Lauron where he outgeneraled Pompey and massacred a large part of his army (see: the battle of Lauron).Plutarch, Life of Sertorius, 18; Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 18; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.31; John Leach, Pompey the Great, pp.
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He drew up his men at a later hour. In the pre-battle moves Scipio had done the same. For the battle, instead, he drew up at dawn and lined up the Romans on the wings and the Hispanics in the centre. These two stratagems 'much contributed to the victory of his own army and the discomfiture of the enemy.
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The laws of zavah are also applied, as in Biblical times, to uterine blood discharges outside regular menstruation. Such circumstances are often interpreted leniently, however, and rabbinic stratagems have been devised to lessen their severity. Women experiencing irregularities (droplets) are sometimes advised to wear coloured underwear to mitigate the detectability of evidence of zavah status and hence a need to determine that a woman is a zavah.
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As an infantry formation it is attested by Frontinus to have been used by the Romans in Pydna against the Macedonian line of Perseus.Frontinus, Stratagems, II.iii.20 It was also used to great effect by the Roman legions, with the wedge proving effective in campaigns in Britain, such as during Boudicca's Revolt, where a greatly outnumbered Roman army used it to defeat the Iceni.
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The Romans took a position first and remained stationary, the sun reflected off their bronze helmets.Plutarch, Life of Marius, 26,1–2; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.2.8. Since the Romans held their position, the Cimbri had to come to them, forcing them to expend additional energy. Meanwhile, the sun kept reflecting of the Romans helmets giving the Cimbri the impression the sky was on fire, unnerving them.
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Though the rebels lacked military training, they displayed a skilful use of available local materials and unusual tactics when facing the disciplined Roman armies.Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22 and Book VII:6. They spent the winter of 73–72 BC training, arming and equipping their new recruits, and expanding their raiding territory to include the towns of Nola, Nuceria, Thurii and Metapontum.Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
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Giraldus Cambrensis. Journey Through Wales I.xii.ii The first Pembroke Castle was not very strong and offered little resistance. In 1096, two or three years after the establishment of Norman Pembrokeshire, a general uprising occurred in Wales against the Norman invasion during which Gerald's defence of Pembroke Castle excited the admiration of his contemporaries, all the more for his unique stratagems during the desperate stance.
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Initially successful he suffered a major setback when he faced Sertorius at the city of Lauron.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.31; Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 18.3; Plutarch, Life of Sertorius, 18; John Leach, Pompey the Great, pp 226-227; Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, pp 96-101; Scullard, Gracchi to Nero, p. 91. Sertorius arrived at Lauron first, and began to lay siege to the city.
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RE The reason is, your spirits are attentive – HW The man that hath no music in himself, RH Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet sounds, RE Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils; NA The motions of his spirit are dull as night And his affections dark as Erebus: Let no such man be trusted. MBr Music! hark! It is your music of the house.
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Thus reinforced Sertorius decided to try and take the Spanish east coast (because the cities there support his enemies). His first target was the city of Lauron where, against Pompey, Sertorius showed himself to be the better general. Sertorius' forces massacred a large part of Pompey's army (see: the Battle of Lauron).Plutarch, Life of Sertorius, 18; Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 18; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.5.
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Included is the theme song for Twins Effect II, (Love Is Invincible, seventh track). In early 2005, Twins released their debut Mandarin album Trainee Cupid. In June 2005, one year after the last Cantopop album, Twins released their sixth studio album Samba with the singles "Samba Queen" and "Pink Guitar". Their seventh studio album The Missing Piece, was released in December 2005, after their album 36 Stratagems.
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133; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.3.17. After winning the battle Sulla advanced on the Pontic camp and started to besiege it. The Romans were able to pull down a section of the ramparts; led by a junior officer called Basilus, Roman legionaries poured into the camp. In the close quarters of the enemy camp the Roman legionaries with their short stabbing swords had a distinct advantage.
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Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.1.2. Since his enemy remained drawn up in front of his camp for hours, Metellus had plenty of time to study their dispositions and make his own plans accordingly.Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, p. 119. He observed that Hirtuleius had posted his strongest units in the centre of his battle line and decided to use this to his advantage.
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However Jaswant Singh replied by saying "It is inconsistent with the manliness of the Rajputs or usage, to employ stratagems or make a night attack".The Rajputs of Rajputana: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan By M. S. Naravane pg.85 Jaswant Singh was defeated and lost 6,000 of his soldiers.War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849 By Kaushik Roy pg.
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The missing dimension: Governments and intelligence communities in the twentieth century (1984) Since then a large popular and scholarly literature has emerged.Christopher R. Moran, "The pursuit of intelligence history: Methods, sources, and trajectories in the United Kingdom." Studies in Intelligence 55.2 (2011): 33–55. online Special attention has been paid to World War II,John Prados, "Of Spies and Stratagems." in Thomas W. Zeiler, ed.
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The permanent army consisted of the khan's guard of select warriors, while the campaign army consisted practically of the entire nation, assembled by clans. In the field, the army was divided into right and left wings. The Bulgars were well versed in the use of stratagems. They often held a strong cavalry unit in reserve, which would attack the enemy at an opportune moment.
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In the text, Kelly breaks down the most basic units of influence, called influence stratagems – colloquially referred to as “plays” – which practitioners of influence employ for mutual and competitive advantage. According to Kelly, plays underlie all aspects of the influence industries – examples being marketing, public affairs, public relations, information warfare, IO/MISO, psy ops, law, diplomacy, politics, sales, positioning, and rhetorical debate – and are employed regardless of skill-set and discipline. The Elements of Influence presents the Standard Table of Influence, a classification of the units of influence into an ontology. The Standard Table of Influence consists of 25 irreducibly unique influence stratagems (since revised down to 24, see below), organized by a three-class and eight-subclass superstructure. The table's concise organization into a stable decision-support system for influence has led some practitioners to refer to it as “the Rosetta Stone of influence.”Kelly, Alan.
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All of this was to create the illusion his forces were larger than they really were. He wanted the barbarians to hold back more of their warriors in reserve so his real forces would not be overwhelmed by the tribesmen's numbers.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.4.6. The surviving Ambrones and the Teutones, bent on revenge, eagerly awaited the upcoming confrontation and, when the Romans finally showed themselves on the Aquae Sextiae plain, charged uphill.
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11 Durgasimha, the Sandhi Vigrahi (minister of war and peace) of King Jayasimha II wrote the well-known Panchatantra ("The five stratagems", 1031) in champu style, basing it on Gunadhya's Paishachi language original Brihatkatha. This fable is the first adaptation of the original into a vernacular language of India. Containing sixty fables in all, thirteen of which are original, each is summarised by an ethical moral based on a Jain tenet.
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Clorinda, a brave female warrior, dons armor like Ariosto's Marfisa, fights a duel with her devoted lover, and receives baptism at his hands as she lies dying. Finally, Erminia, hopelessly in love with Tancredi, seeks refuge in the shepherds' hut. These stories rivet the reader's attention, while the battles, religious ceremonies, conclaves and stratagems of the campaign are less engaging. Tasso's great invention as an artist was the poetry of sentiment.
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He led his army onto a mountain, which overlooked the Cimbri camp, and then ordered his men to remain ready for battle while he had a camp raised in view of the barbarians.Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius, pp 141–142. When night fell Catulus attacked the Cimbri, then used the chaos this caused to cross a stream and continue his march southwards.Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius, p. 142; Frontinus, Stratagems, 1.5.3.
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The original text of the Thirty-Six Stratagems has a laconic style that is common to Classical Chinese. Each proverb is accompanied by a short comment, no longer than a sentence or two, that explains how said proverb is applicable to military tactics. These 36 Chinese proverbs are related to 36 battle scenarios in Chinese history and folklore, predominantly of the Warring States period and the Three Kingdoms Period.
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The cicada symbolises rebirth and immortality in Chinese tradition. In the Chinese essay "Thirty-Six Stratagems", the phrase "to shed the golden cicada skin" () is the poetic name for using a decoy (leaving the exuvia) to fool enemies. In the Chinese classic novel Journey to the West (16th century), the protagonist Priest of Tang was named the Golden Cicada. In Japan, the cicada is associated with the summer season.
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According to Doukas, "in one night they covered the distance of a two days' journey". Junayd's party arrived before the town on the next evening and were welcomed by the inhabitants. Junayd's defection was only one of "a series of stratagems and ruses" employed by Murad and described by the eyewitness historian, Ashik Pasha-Zade. Mustafa was deserted by the Rumelian beys and was forced to withdraw to Gallipoli and Edirne.
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' This contains a likeness of Goodwin (engraved by William Richardson) surmounted by a windmill and weathercock, 'pride' and 'error' supplying the breeze. Goodwin translated and printed a part of the Stratagemata Satanae (March 1648) of Acontius under the title Satan's Stratagems; or the Devil's Cabinet-Councel discovered, with recommendatory epistles by himself and John Durie. Acontius, an advocate of religious tolerance, was now stigmatised by Francis Cheynell as a 'sneaking Socinian'.
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Cheynell sought in vain in the Westminster Assembly to obtain a condemnation of Goodwin's book, but printed (1650) his thoughts about it by request. The translation was reissued with a new title, Darkness Discovered; or the Devil's secret Stratagems laid open (1651). Goodwin defended the most extreme measures of the army leaders. In his Might and Right Well Met (1648), which was answered by John Geree, he applauded Pride's Purge.
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Battle was given eight to ten weeks after the two armies arrived in Byzacium, although the location is not known. Few details of the battle survive. It was a set piece battle, with no subtleties of manoeuvreMathos was not a proficient general and the Carthaginians were so superior that they felt no need for stratagems. Hamilcar was the senior Carthaginian commander and he ensured that the rebels were crushed, with few losses to the Carthaginians.
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Durgasimha () was the minister of war and peace (Sandhi Vigrahi) of Western Chalukya King Jayasimha II (also known as Jagadekamalla, r. 1018-1042).Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1122 Durgasimha adapted the well-known set of fables, Panchatantra ("The five stratagems"), from Sanskrit language into the Kannada language in champu style (mixed prose and verse). The Kannada-language version, whose central theme has a strong Jain bent, contains 60 fables, 13 of which are original stories.
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The French ', sometimes literally translated as ruse of war', is a non-uniform term; generally what is understood by "ruse of war" can be separated into two groups. The first classifies the phrase purely as an act of military deception against one's opponent; the second emphasizes acts against one's opponent by creative, clever, unorthodox means, sometimes involving force multipliers or superior knowledge.Matuszczyk, A. (2012). Creative Stratagems: Creative and Systems Thinking in Handling Social Conflict.
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The main source of information about the siege in 51 BC is Book 8 of the Commentaries on the Gallic War. The siege is also mentioned briefly by the engineer Sextus Julius Frontinus in his book Stratagems. The siege began after Lucterius, the leader of the Cadurci, and Drapes from the Senones, prepared Uxellodunum against a Roman assault. Caesar's commander in the area, the legate Gaius Caninius Rebilus, deployed his two legions.
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The proceeds of the sale served as the sum loaned, the lease/rent/mortgage payment served as principal and interest repayment of the loan.Kuran, The Long Divergence, 2011: p.152 According to Kuran, only transactions "that satisfied the letter of the ban" on interest "through stratagems" (hiyal) were allowed. In addition, in the sixteenth century, an Ottoman sultan "limited the annual rate of interest to 11.5%" "throughout the empire" on these loans.
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Chronicle of Zuo Later chronicles often became confused with the relationships among the various Guo's, but archaeological discoveries support the view that Northern and Southern Guo were both parts of Western Guo. In 655 BCE Western Guo was destroyed by the Duke Xian of Jin. (Jin first asked permission of the state of Yu to pass through its territory. After conquering Guo it conquered Yu. This was one of the Thirty-Six Stratagems).
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Panormus or Panormos () was an ancient harbour on the coast of the island of Skopelos in the Northern Sporades. It is mentioned by Diodorus and by Polyaenus; they relate that, around 361/0 BCE, Alexander of Pherae besieged Peparethus and occupied Panormus. Leosthenes, the Athenian admiral, commanded the troops that came to the aid of Peparethus, but Alexander resisted the siege in Panormus, seized some Athenians triremes by a stratagem and plundered Piraeus.Polyaenus, Stratagems 6.2.1.
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Sister Stratagems faults Rubenstein for the shortcomings of the revolution—it was foolish, she explains, for him to rely on revolutionary traditions in the midst of a singularity and its all-encompassing constant radical change. She takes him on a ride, in Baba Yaga's hut, to the northern city of Plotsk, where he might understand. Along the way he sees "miracles, wonders and abominations". The landscape in some places has been seriously altered.
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Montluc's arquebusiers were drawn from the French and Italian infantry companies. The skirmishing between the arquebusiers continued for almost four hours; Martin Du Bellay, observing the engagement, described it as "a pretty sight for anyone who was in a safe place and unemployed, for they played off on each other all the ruses and stratagems of petty war."Oman, Art of War, 235. Hall also mentions the skirmishing (Hall, Weapons and Warfare, 187).
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By 2025, the Cape is a staunchly conservative Viceroyalty (the center of the Tories), and also has a nascent nationalistic movement to break away from the Raj. It includes what would have become the nations of South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, Malawi, Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and portions of Kenya. It is home to some 40 million people. The Cape's ruling white elite resorts to various legal stratagems to keep most non-whites disenfranchised.
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Battle was given eight to ten weeks after the two armies arrived in Byzacium, although the location is not known. Few details of the battle survive. It was a set piece battle, with no subtleties of manoeuvreMatho was not a proficient general and the Carthaginians were so superior that they felt no need for stratagems. Hamilcar was the senior Carthaginian commander and he ensured that the rebels were crushed, with few losses to the Carthaginians.
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Lampsace was greatly honored for having informed the Greeks of the imminent threat, but she fell sick and died. The citizens gave magnificent burial to her and went on to worship her as a heroine, renaming Pityussa to Lampsacus in her honor; later on a vote was held to promote her to the status of a goddess. As such she was venerated as late as the times of Plutarch.Plutarch, On the Virtues of Women, 18Polyaenus, Stratagems of War, 8.
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They moved around the base of Vesuvius, outflanked the army, and annihilated Glaber's men.Plutarch, Crassus, 9:1–3; Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, p. 109. Note: Plutarch and Frontinus write of expeditions under the command of "Clodius the praetor" and "Publius Varinus", while Appian writes of "Varinius Glaber" and "Publius Valerius". A second expedition, under the praetor Publius Varinius, was then dispatched against Spartacus.
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The Battle of Italica was fought in 75 BC between a rebel army under the command of Lucius Hirtuleius a legate of the Roman rebel Quintus Sertorius and a Roman Republican army under the command of the Roman general and proconsul of Hispania Ulterior Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius. The battle was fought near Italica (a Roman colony in Spain) and ended in a stunning victory for the Metellan army.Livy, Epitome, 91.4; Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.1.2 and 2.3.
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Cities of Death (the revamp of Codex Battlezone: Cityfight) introduces rules for urban warfare and guerrilla warfare, and so-called "stratagems", including traps and fortifications. It also has sections on modelling city terrain and provides examples of armies and army lists modeled around the theme of urban combat. This work was updated to 7th Edition with the release of Shield of Baal: Leviathan. Planetstrike, released 2009, sets rules allowing players to represent the early stages of a planetary invasion.
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In London, government minister Sir Alistair Dormandy resolves to shut down pirate radio stations for their commercialism and immorality, instructing his subordinate Twatt to pursue legal stratagems to accomplish this. They attempt to cut off the pirates' revenue by prohibiting British businesses from advertising on unlicensed stations. Quentin counters by bringing massively popular DJ Gavin Kavanagh out of retirement on Radio Rock, enticing advertisers to pay their bills from abroad. Gavin's popularity creates a rivalry with The Count.
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SycaeboaeThe Cambridge ancient history, Volume 3, John Boardman, , Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 609 () is the name of a Thracian tribe, which was mentioned by Polyaenus.Polyaenus: Stratagems - BOOK 7 ,The generals of the Cebrenii and Sycaeboae, two Thracian tribes, were chosen from among the priests of Hera. Cosingas, according to the tradition of the country, was elected to be their priest and general; but the army took some objection to him, and refused to obey him.
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85–103 Ribadier tries various stratagems to recover his position including hypnotizing her again and trying to convince her she has dreamt what she heard. She however discovers the secret of the system and turns the tables by pretending that a lover has visited her every time she has been hypnotized. Thommereux thinks she means him, and abets Ribadier's outraged search for the unknown intruder. On the balcony they discover a button torn from a man's trousers.
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Leaina Before the Judges, by Hans Holbein the Younger, c. 1517–18 Leaina (, "lioness") is a pseudo-historical figure, supposedly a hetaera and, according to a later tradition, the mistress of Aristogeiton the Tyrannicide.Polyaenus, Stratagems, 8.45 Original versions of the story of Aristogeiton portray him, on the contrary, as the lover of Harmodius, for whom he decided to overthrow the tyrant Hipparchus. Hipparchus had feelings for Harmodius, and he tried to humiliate him after his feelings were rejected.
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Then, as Perpenna did not think that his men would remain loyal for long, he marched into battle but Pompey ambushed and defeated him. Frontinus wrote about the battle in his stratagems: Pompey won against a poor commander and a disaffected army. Perpenna hid in a thicket, fearing his troops more than the enemy, and was eventually captured. Perpenna offered to produce letters to Sertorius from leading men in Rome who had invited Sertorius to Italy for seditious purposes.
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By moving boldly, the obvious again is demonstrated as delightfully false in the stratagems of Belisarius and the developments at times both delight and dismay his allies. In the end, "In Belisarius we trust" becomes a motto of all save the Malwa. The Dance of Time concludes the series as the disparate events set in motion by Belisarius unfold, creating the opportunities that he hopes will end the threat that the Malwa pose to Rome once and for all.
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In Euripides' tragedy Iphigenia at Aulis, having convinced Agamemnon to consent to the sacrifice of his daughter, Iphigenia, to appease the goddess Artemis, Odysseus facilitates the immolation by telling Iphigenia's mother, Clytemnestra, that the girl is to be wed to Achilles. Odysseus' attempts to avoid his sacred oath to defend Menelaus and Helen offended Roman notions of duty, and the many stratagems and tricks that he employed to get his way offended Roman notions of honour.
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Stratagem departed Trincomalee for the last time on 10 November 1944, with orders to patrol in the Strait of Malacca. Nine days later, she torpedoed and sank the Japanese tanker Nichinan Maru in the Strait, the only victory in her career. On 22 November 1944, the submarine was detected by aircraft and attacked with depth charges by the Japanese submarine chaser CH 35. The first depth charge caused Stratagems bow to hit the sea bottom and caused flooding.
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Dynasty Warriors Next is split into several scenarios where all stages are chosen from a map of China. The territories can be invaded in order to gain influence and gold for each owned region. The earned gold can be spent on stratagems, which are special boosts represented by the officers of a player's faction. They come with different bonuses: increasing attack and defense, boosting the aggression of the enemy's army, making the bases easier to seize, and others.
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70–3] and, still not yet thirty years old, he would eventually owe £250,000 (around £4.5 million at 2016 prices). He claims to have been lent a badly needed £85,000 in December 1962 by a bank manager who retired the same day. He avoided bankruptcy by such stratagems as paying bills only when threatened with legal action, although he eventually settled all his debts. It was during this stressful period of his life that he took up gardening as a serious hobby.
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Hay, still in his early 20s, spent time both in barrooms and at cultured get- togethers in the homes of Washington's elite. The two secretaries often clashed with Mary Lincoln, who resorted to various stratagems to get the dilapidated White House restored without depleting Lincoln's salary, which had to cover entertainment and other expenses. Despite the secretaries' objections, Mrs. Lincoln was generally the victor and managed to save almost 70% of her husband's salary in his four years in office.
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One of Richard's concerns was to promote the interests of the Archdiocese of Canterbury, of which his own see formed a part. A dispute over the primacy between Canterbury and York had already dragged on for some years. Anselm had been granted a personal primacy over the whole English church by the Papacy. However, Thomas, archbishop-elect of York since May 1108 had used various stratagems to delay his own consecration, as it was clear Anselm was near to death.
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As with each of William's great camps, there was little or no profit. In 1890, William had granted his sister a monthly $200 allowance. She had doubts about whether she was receiving her fair share of their father's estate, especially when, in 1890, William bought a $200,000, ocean-going luxury yacht, Utowana. In 1893, Ella brought suit to attempt to force her brother to render a public accounting of the estate; William's legal stratagems would delay the trial for six years.
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In 269 BC Fan Sui became chief advisor to Qin. He advocated authoritarian reforms, irrevocable expansion and an alliance with distant states to attack nearby states (the twenty-third of the Thirty-Six Stratagems). His maxim "attack not only the territory, but also the people" enunciated a policy of mass slaughter that became increasingly frequent. In 265 King Zhaoxiang of Qin made the first move by attacking the weak state of Han which held the Yellow River gateway into Qin.
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Formations were comparatively loose in the Congo region, and various groups were tasked with movements determined on the spot by their leaders. Firearms did not change this basic pattern. While movement was not as tightly controlled or executed as among the Zulu, war-leaders were quite aware of the basic stratagems of maneuver, including extension of a battle-line to attempt encirclement. In the Guinea/Gambia Zone however fighting formations were tighter, an expedient also adopted by European infantry who faced mounted knights.
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Polyaenus the Macedonian, in one of the two stratagems he gives about Alexander's siege of Tyre, provides a different account of Alexander’s conquest of the city. According to him, Alexander had marched into Arabia having left Parmenion in charge of the besieging force. The Tyrians found the courage to exit their walls and engage the Greeks, often beating them in various skirmishes. Alexander was informed and hurried back, reaching the city exactly when the Tyrians were fighting against a retreating Parmenion.
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The Teuton did not give up so Marius produced a veteran gladiator and explained to the barbarian that if he still lusted for blood he could try and slay the trained fighter for it was beneath Marius's station as a consul to reduce himself to a common brawler.Frontinus, Stratagems, 4.7.5. After they failed to lure the Romans out they tried to wait them out, but Marius had anticipated this and his fortress was well stocked. Frustrated the tribesmen attacked the fort for three days.
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Kadare devised numerous strategies and cunning stratagems in order to outwit communist censors. His oeuvre in general has been in theoretical and practical opposition to the mandatory socialist realism. avoiding state censorship by using allegorical, symbolic, historical and mythological means. The conditions in which Kadare lived and published his works were not comparable to other European communist countries where at least some level of public dissent was tolerated, rather, the situation in Albania was comparable to North Korea or the Soviet Union in the 1930s under Stalin.
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He wanted the barbarians to hold back more of their warriors in reserve so his real forces would not be overwhelmed by the tribesmen's numbers.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.4.6. The surviving Ambrones and the Teutones, bent on revenge, eagerly awaited the upcoming confrontation and when the Romans finally showed themselves on the Aquae Sextiae plain they charged uphill. The Romans unleashed a barrage of javelins, killing or maiming many tribesmen, then stood in close order, drew their swords and awaited the enemy at the top of the hill.
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The fortification system of the inner regions of the country was reinforced with several fortified trenches covering huge spaces and supporting the manoeuvrability of the cavalry. A battle scene of the Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896, Madrid Skylitzes The army was well versed in the use of stratagems. A strong cavalry unit was often held in reserve and would attack the enemy at an opportune moment. Free horses would be sometimes concentrated behind the battle formation to avoid surprise attacks from the rear.
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Continued poverty, hunger and alcohol abuse fueled his deterioration. James Baldwin said, "He has been starving and working all of his life – in Tennessee, in Boston, in New York, and now in Paris. He has been menaced more than any other man I know by his social circumstances and also by all the emotional and psychological stratagems he has been forced to use to survive; and, more than any other man I know, he has transcended both the inner and outer darkness."James Baldwin, December 4, 1963.
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A French soldier said that Turenne's manoeuvre during the Winter Campaign was "one of the best concerted Stratagems and at the same Time one of the greatest Actions that ever was done by any General." Even though he was 64 years old, Turenne boldly decided to flout convention by campaigning in winter. Other generals might lose their edge with age, but Napoleon said of Turenne that his "audacity grew with years and experience." He ably used the natural feature of the Vosges to mask his march.
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Late one night, while signing seemingly endless orders and communiqués, he is visited by Sister Stratagems the Seventh, a creature resembling a giant mole rat. She is one of the Critics who accompany the Festival. Normally they remain in orbit providing high-level commentary, but she has gone down to the surface to find out for herself why the inhabitants of Rochard's World seem uninterested in the Festival's wisdom. Rachel drops her cover and is assigned to the flagship Lord Vanek as a diplomatic observer.
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Some of Kertarajasa's most trusted men, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi were rebelled against him, though unsuccessfully. It was suspected that the Mahapati Halayudha set the conspiracy to overthrow all of his rivals in the court, led them to revolt against the king, while he gained king's favour and attained the highest position in the government. However, following the death of the last rebel Kuti, Halayudha's treachery was exposed, subsequently, he was captured, jailed for his stratagems and then sentenced to death. Wijaya himself died in 1309.
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His mother converted him to Catholicism. He was made a count in 1664. In 1666 Francis married Jelena Zrinska (Hungarian: Zrínyi Ilona), a Croatian countess, and joined the Wesselényi conspiracy (Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy in Croatia), one leader of which was Jelena's father, Petar Zrinski (Hungarian: Zrínyi Péter). Francis soon became the leader of the conspiracy, and, as a culmination of their anti- Habsburg stratagems, started an armed uprising of nobles in Upper Hungary, while the other conspirators were supposed to start the fight in Croatia.
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Having fortuitously discovered a photograph in which Marthe embraces someone unknown, clothed with a chequed jacket, Étienne Dorsay becomes jealous, and imagines various stratagems to identify the lover. In the meantime, Étienne and his friends acquire a weekend house for a very low price. As in the previous work, the film is largely narrated by the character Étienne, whose tone shifts with the reality of the images. The film contains a certain number of allusions to the films of Blake Edwards (the Pink Panther series).
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" Thus it is said that Xerxes spoke." But, according to Polyaenus, he said: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men out of woman's."Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.5"And even in the heat of the action, observing the manner in which she distinguished herself, he exclaimed: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men out of woman's."" According to Herodotus, Artemisia had previously had a disagreement with Damasithymus while they were in the Hellespont.
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Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53"The Greeks, seeing this, supposed her to be one of their allies; they drew off and left her alone, directing their forces against other parts of the Persian fleet." Herodotus believed that Ameinias didn't know that Artemisia was on the ship, because otherwise he would not have ceased his pursuit until either he had captured her or had been captured himself, because "orders had been given to the Athenian captains, and moreover a prize was offered of ten thousand drachmas for the man who should take her alive; since they thought it intolerable that a woman should make an expedition against Athens."Herodotus Book 8: Urania, 93 "Now if he had known that Artemisia was sailing in this ship, he would not have ceased until either he had taken her or had been taken himself; for orders had been given to the Athenian captains, and moreover a prize was offered of ten thousand drachmas for the man who should take her alive; since they thought it intolerable that a woman should make an expedition against Athens." Polyaenus in his work Stratagems () says that Artemisia had in her ship two different standards.
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Young Gezun of Lorsk, bound to the service of a sorcerer named Sancheth Sar, is sent by his master to bid on the Hordhum Manuscript, one of the magical effects of the retiring magician Dauskezh Van. The errand is complicated and the competition fierce, as the bidding is anonymous and his master's rival, Nikurteu Bayla, is also after the manuscript. But Gezun parries almost all of Bayla's stratagems. Chronologically, "The Owl and the Ape" is the third of de Camp's Pusadian tales, and the first to feature his protagonist Gezun of Lorsk.
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When the Athenians approached with battering rams to try to knock down the city wall, Ischolaus' defense consisted in getting ahead of him and demolishing part of the wall so that his soldiers fought with more courage for not having the protection of the wall and also to show the Athenians their contempt for siege engines. The Athenians, frightened at the voluntary demolition of the walls, did not dare to attack the city.Polyaenus, Stratagems II.22. The town is also mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium and in the Suda.
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Historian John H. Lavalle argues that: > Marlborough's place as one of the finest soldiers Britain ever produced is > well deserved. He possessed the personal courage, imagination, common sense, > self-control, and quick wits that mark the best battlefield commanders. He > had an unerring ability to sense an enemy's weaknesses and the ability to > use stratagems to throw his enemy off balance.... It was in the realm of > strategy, however, where Marlborough really shone. As commander-in-chief of > a coalition army, he had the ability to tolerate politicians, allies, and > fools gladly.
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Having disputed with her lover and being attracted for what represents the famous Georges Vallier, Valérie takes refuge with Pierre, even if he rejects her. Barazzutti then sets his sight at Anne-Marie, a customer of the hotel married to a military. The arrival at the hotel of the real Georges Vallier messes the plans of Pierre : he has to multiply the stratagems to hide from Vallier while avoiding that he meets Barazzutti. He then discovers that the presence of Georges Vallier comes from the fact that he is the lover of Anne-Marie.
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In 1724 he published History of the Remarkable Life of Sheppard and A Narrative of All robberies, Escapes, &c.; of John Sheppard, portraying the famous robber as a refined criminal exchanging jokes and performing clever tricks. Defoe was captivated by the criminal life, especially when it involved witty stratagems and subterfuges, and as it is clearly shown in his fictions, like Moll Flanders and Colonel Jack, his intent often seems more amusing than didactic. Nevertheless, whenever Defoe deals with social and moral problems he always tries to reach his reader with clarity and practical proposals.
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In the third phase of the war however the use of more sophisticated stratagems eventually allowed the Spartans to force Athens to surrender. Firstly, the Spartans permanently garrisoned a part of Attica, removing from Athenian control the silver mine which funded the war effort. Forced to squeeze even more money from her allies, the Athenian league thus became heavily strained. After the loss of Athenian ships and men in the Sicilian expedition, Sparta was able to foment rebellion amongst the Athenian league, which therefore massively reduced the ability of the Athenians to continue the war.
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While the slaves lacked military training, Spartacus' forces displayed ingenuity in their use of available local materials, and in their use of clever, unorthodox tactics when facing the disciplined Roman armies.Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22 and Book VII:6. In response to Glaber's siege, Spartacus' men made ropes and ladders from vines and trees growing on the slopes of Vesuvius and used them to rappel down the cliffs on the side of the mountain opposite Glaber's forces. They moved around the base of Vesuvius, outflanked the army, and annihilated Glaber's men.
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Zhu Wu is depicted in the novel as handsome-looking with blazing eyes and a long sleek beard. Dressed like a Taoist priest and often carrying a hand fan made of crane feathers, Zhu Wu is good in devising military stratagems and deploying soldiers in formation for pitched battle. He is thus nicknamed "Resourceful Strategist". Originally from Dingyuan (定遠; present-day Dingyuan County, Anhui), Zhu Wu leads a band of outlaws on Mount Shaohua (少華山; southeast of present-day Hua County, Shaanxi), assisted by Chen Da and Yang Chun.
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Before reaching England he had published a treatise on the methods of investigation, De Methodo, hoc est, de recte investigandarum tradendarumque Scientiarum ratione (Basel, 1558, 8vo); and his critical spirit placed him outside all the recognized religious societies of his time. His heterodoxy is revealed in his Stratagematum Satanae libri octo, sometimes abbreviated as Stratagemata Satanae,NB for Latin grammar, dropping the two last words justifies the dropping of the genitive. published in 1565 and translated into various languages. The Stratagems of Satan are the dogmatic creeds which rent the Christian church.
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Calmeyer described in his own words, how he used his position: "To build a lifeboat." He accepted falsified papers of ancestry which documented the subject person as Aryan or "half-Jewish". He also managed to offer hints and advice on various stratagems and excuses. Despite warnings from the Nazi regime, he persisted in his work.Shedding Our Stars: The Story of Hans Calmeyer and How He Saved Thousands of Families Like Mine by Laureen Nussbaum and Karen Kirtley, 2019 Approximately 5,660 individuals submitted a request and were designated as doubtful cases through Calmeyer’s office.
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Polyaenus, Stratagems VII, 11 §7. This story suggests that the rebellion wasn't yet quelled before Darius came to Egypt in 518 BC. Petubastis was ultimately defeated by Darius, who later ensured the control of the Western oases by embarking on an active campaign of works there (the most famous being the Temple of Hibis at Kharga Oasis). At the same time, he most likely destroyed as much evidence as he could regarding Petubastis and his rebellion, including the temple at Amheida and the true fate of the lost army of Cambyses.
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Cosingas was a chieftain of the Thracian Cebrenii, the Sycaeboae, and a priest of Hera.Polyaenus: Stratagems - BOOK 7 ,The generals of the Cebrenii and Sycaeboae, two Thracian tribes, were chosen from among the priests of Hera. Cosingas, according to the tradition of the country, was elected to be their priest and general; but the army took some objection to him, and refused to obey him. To suppress the rebelliousness that had taken hold of the troops, Cosingas built a number of long ladders, and fastened them one to another.
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As Germany is in the throes of losing World War II, a number of wealthy Nazis and some French sympathizers head for South America in a German submarine leaving from Oslo. The film's narrator is a French doctor (Henri Vidal) who has been kidnapped to tend a sick woman, Hilde Garosi (Florence Marly), the wife of one man and the lover of another, both aboard. The doctor realizes he will be murdered at any point once the woman has recovered so he tries various stratagems to escape. All fail.
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Over the following decades further finance was provided by the British government. The school system was overseen by a Committee of Fifteen who met weekly in Suffolk St. in Dublin. However, the numbers attending fell far short of expectations, despite various stratagems resorted to keep up the intake of children, such as taking beggar children off the street and taking in orphan babies. In the 1780s large discrepancies between the numbers reported to be at the schools, and the actual number found there were found and reported by John Howard, FRS.
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Giuliano Della Rovere thenceforth took the name of his fourth-century predecessor, Julius I, and was pope for nine years, from 1503 to 1513. From the beginning, Julius II set out to defeat the various powers that challenged his temporal authority; in a series of complicated stratagems, he first succeeded in rendering it impossible for the Borgias to retain their power over the Papal States. Indeed, on the day of his election, he declared: Others indicate that his decision was taken on 26 November 1507, not in 1503.Pastor, VI, pp.
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We have neither land nor home, nor resting place that can be called our own. And this is effected by the provisions of a compact which assumes the venerated, the sacred appellation of treaty. We are overwhelmed! Our hearts are sickened, our utterance is paralyzed, when we reflect on the condition in which we are placed, by the audacious practices of unprincipled men, who have managed their stratagems with so much dexterity as to impose on the Government of the United States, in the face of our earnest, solemn, and reiterated protestations.
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Stratagems first war patrol in the Far East started on 27 June 1944, when she departed Trincomalee to operate off the Andaman Islands. On 1 July, she fired four torpedoes at a Japanese merchant ship off Port Blair, but missed. On 2 July, she again unsuccessfully attacked another Japanese ship, as none of her six torpedoes hit their target. Two days later, the boat attacked the same merchant with her two remaining torpedoes and claimed a hit, but Japanese records do not mention a loss on this date.
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Or when his commanders sent him messages of victory, he would hide the messenger and bring out the white fawn wearing celebratory garlands. He would sacrifice to the gods, and tell his men to celebrate because they would soon hear something good had happened. By such stratagems he persuaded his people they were not by the fallible wisdom of some foreigner, but by divine power. So the people were made tractable and all the more ready to help him with his plans, and consequently the extraordinary growth of Sertorius's power led to reinforcing this belief.
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Frontinus is best known as a writer on water engineering, but he had a distinguished military career. In Stratagems he draws partly on his own experience as a general in Germany under Domitian. However, most of the (more than five hundred) examples which he gives are less recent, for example he mentions the Siege of Uxellodunum in 51 BC. Similarities to versions in other Roman authors like Valerius Maximus and Livy suggest that he drew mainly on literary sources. The work consists of four books, of which three are undoubtedly by Frontinus.
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In 1937–41, he was the Professor of the Moscow State University. Ranovich's works Sources for the Study of the Social Roots of Christianity and Primary Sources for the History of Early Christianity, both published in 1933, as well as The Ancient Criticism of Christianity: Fragments from Lucian, Celsus, Porphiry and Others (1935) provided Soviet historians of Christianity with the materials to go further. Ranovich also translated Frontinus' Stratagems into Russian. His final work, On Early Christianity (published posthumously in 1959) was a major Soviet study of this topic.
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Livy notes that the five diplomatic legates were elder statesmen;Maiores natu, "greater in birth." they were all of consular rank except for the praetorian Baebius.His presence among them is one piece of evidence for his otherwise shadowy praetorship; see T. Corey Brennan, The Praetorship in the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 896, note 18 online. The ambassadors then visited Spain and Gaul to recruit allies, with mixed results.Livy 21.18.1 and 21.19.6 and 20.9; Cassius Dio frg. 55.10; Zonaras 8.22; Polybius 3.20.6 and 9, 33.1–4, 40.2; Frontinus, Stratagems 1.11.
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Yanluo, the Ruler of Hell Depicted as a Local Magistrate Holding Court The magistrate was the hero in much popular fiction. The "detective story," for instance, in China took the form of the gong'an, or “court case,” in which the protagonist is not a private detective or police officer but the county magistrate, who is investigator, prosecutor, and judge. The magistrate solves a crime which has already been described to the reader, so that the suspense does not come not from discovering the criminal but from seeing how the magistrate solves the crime through clever stratagems., p. 317.
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The minister, John Shorthose, aided in her mental improvement which occurred between April 1666 and the spring of 1668, at which time she married Charles Hatt, a widower of Warwickshire, having joined a Presbyterian congregation in London beforehand. Allen's rhapsodical work, Satan, his methods and malice baffled : a narrative of God's gracious dealings with Mrs. Hannah Allen, (afterwards married to Mr. Hatt) reciting the great advantages the devil made of her deep melancholy, and the triumphant victories, rich and sovereign graces, God gave her over all his stratagems and devices, was published by John Wallis, in London, in 1683.
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With the slaves thus contained, Glaber was content to wait until starvation forced the slaves to surrender. While the slaves lacked military training, Spartacus' forces displayed ingenuity in their use of available local tools, and in their use of clever, unorthodox tactics when facing the disciplined Roman infantry.Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22 and Book VII:6. In response to Glaber's siege, Spartacus' men made ropes and ladders from vines and trees growing on the slopes of Vesuvius and used them to rappel down the cliffs on the side of the mountain opposite Glaber's forces.
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Sicilian Lollo Mascalucia,a small pasta factory owner has been married to Rosalia for seven years, pretending to all his fellow villagers that he doesn't want a child and so hiding the supposed "sterility" of his wife by various stratagems. Lollo however, after the death of his uncle becomes the only remaining heir of the Mascalucia family, and therefore resumes the idea of becoming a father. So, following an agreement with his wife, he finds a girl who already has a child, and is willing to give him an heir. However, there is no sign of a child, even with the young girl.
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The story of the siege of the Sogdian Rock is told in many histories, but it is based on the history written by the Greek historian Arrian of Nicomedia, in his Anabasis (section 4.18.4-19.6). However P. J. Rhodes points out that "this version [of events] produces a very empty 328 and a very full early 327, so we should probably prefer the alternative tradition. In this second tradition instead of the Sogdian Rock and the Rock of Chorienes the same stratagems are used against the Rock of Arimazes and the Rock of Sisimithres in the summer of 328".
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At the height of the First French Empire, Napoleon sought to introduce a "continental system" that would render Europe economically autonomous, thereby emasculating British trade and commerce. It involved such stratagems as the use of beet sugar in preference to the cane sugar that had to be imported from the tropics. Although this caused businessmen in England to agitate for peace, Britain persevered, in part because it was well into the industrial revolution. The war had the opposite effect – it stimulated the growth of certain industries, such as pig-iron production which increased from 68,000 tons in 1788 to 244,000 by 1806.
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While Appleby is outwardly deferential towards the new minister, he is prepared to defend the status quo at all costs. Woolley is sympathetic towards Hacker but as Appleby reminds him, Woolley's civil service superiors, including Appleby, will have much to say about the course of his future career (i.e., assessments, promotions, pay increases), while ministers do not usually stay long in one department and have no say in civil service staffing recommendations. Many of the episodes revolve around proposals backed by Hacker but frustrated by Appleby, who uses a range of clever stratagems to defeat ministerial proposals while seeming to support them.
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" Sayyid Qutb, "Ma'rakatuna ma'a al-Yahud," [essay] 1951. Published in book of the same name Ma'rakatuna ma'a al-Yahud (Our battle with the Jews), Jedda, Saudi Arabia, 1970 Khomeini mentions the "Jews of Banu Qurayza", who were eliminated by Muhammad, as an example of the sort of "troublesome group" that Islam and the Islamic state must "eliminate."Khomeini, Islam and Revolution, (1981), p. 89 and explains that "from the very beginning, the historical movement of Islam has had to contend with the Jews, for it was they who first established anti- Islamic propaganda and engaged in various stratagems.
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Cilicie palais de gouvernement With the changing political environment and interests, French further reversed their policy: The repatriation was halted, and the French ultimately abandoned all pretensions to Cilicia, which they had originally hoped to attach to their mandate over Syria.Moumjian, Garabet K. "Cilicia Under French Administration: Armenian Aspirations, Turkish Resistance, and French Stratagems" in Armenian Cilicia, pp. 457–489. Cilicia Peace Treaty was signed on 9 March 1921 between France and Turkish Grand National Assembly. The treaty did not achieve the intended goals and was replaced with the Treaty of Ankara that was signed on 20 October 1921.
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In his Annals and the Histories, Tacitus presents Cartimandua in a negative light. Although he refers to her loyalty to Rome, he invites the reader to judge her "treacherous" role in the capture of Caratacus, who had sought her protection; her "self-indulgence"; her sexual impropriety in rejecting her husband in favour of a common soldier; and her "cunning stratagems" in taking Venutius' relatives hostage. However, he also consistently names her as a queen (regina), the only one such known in early Roman Britain. Boudica, the only other female British leader of the period, is not described in these terms.
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He began moving his forces south from the New York area, using a variety of stratagems to deceive Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton, the British Commander-in-Chief and head of the British forces in New York City. Clinton realized on September 2 that he had been deceived. He was unable to mobilize quickly enough to assist Cornwallis, and was unwilling to detach a large percentage of his forces in the face of the Continental forces that Washington had left around New York. Clinton decided to launch a raid into Connecticut in an effort to draw Washington's attention.
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Schembechler from 1976 Michiganensian The Wolverines and Buckeyes proceeded to engage in a fierce "Ten Year War" that elevated an already storied Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry into one of college football's greatest annual grudge matches. For ten years the two dominated the Big 10, splitting ten conference titles between them and finishing second eight times. They were so dominant that the Big Ten earned a nickname of "Big Two, Little Eight" during that era. After a decade of memorable on-field stratagems, sideline antics, and locker room psychological ploys, Schembechler held a 5–4–1 advantage.
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Rigid class distinctions, reinforced by a hereditary aristocracy, are a feature of life in the New Republic so marked that both Martin and Rachel express discontent and frustration with them. But outside that order class exists as well. Status among the revolutionaries is measured by one's understanding of, and level of commitment to, revolutionary ideology. And the Critics, in turn, have a hierarchy distinguished by knowledge—Sister Stratagems privately hopes that her oblique manner of speaking and commenting will give enough of an impression of knowledge as to allow her to become queen one dayÖhman, 22.
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According to the chapter "Gongshu" in Mozi, he once walked for ten days to the State of Chu in order to forestall an attack on the State of Song. At the Chu court, Mozi engaged in nine simulated war games with Gongshu Ban, the chief military strategist of Chu, and overturned each one of his stratagems. When Gongshu Ban threatened him with death, Mozi informed the king that his disciples had already trained the soldiers of Song in his fortification methods, so it would be useless to kill him. The Chu king was forced to call off the war.
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The play tells the story of the four sons of the mortally ill bailiff of Hexham living in 10th century England. On his deathbed the Bailiff advises his sons "Live to yourselves while you have time to live / Get what you can, but see you nothing give." Each of the sons pursues knavery in his own way, but Honesty in the end both exposes their stratagems and inflicts a series of painful punishments. A parallel storyline concerns the King of Saxon England, Edgar, who desires Alfrida, the daughter of Osrick, and sends Ethenwald the Earl of Cornwall, to woo the beauty for him.
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During World War II, the Office of Strategic Services invented a pyrotechnic device meant to help agents operating behind enemy lines to escape if capture seemed imminent. When the pin was pulled, it made the whistle of a falling bomb followed by a loud explosion and a large cloud of smoke, enabling the agent to make his escape. It saved the life of at least one agent. The device was codenamed the Hedy Lamarr.Lovell, Stanley P. Of Spies and Stratagems (New York: Pocket Books), 1964. The Mel Brooks 1974 western parody Blazing Saddles features a male villain named "Hedley Lamarr".
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China has employed information warfare (IW), initially based on concepts similar to those used by the United States and adapted to the doctrine and policies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). While China has adopted the idea of information dominance, its method for going about information dominance differs, using ancient political warfare methods such as the Thirty- Six Stratagems. China's interest in information warfare began after the United States victory in the first Gulf War (1990-1991). U.S. success was the result of information technologies and the total dominance it was able to provide in the battle space.
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The books are then divided into 44 sub- categories, or lèi (). The Siku Quanshu collection includes most major Chinese texts, from the ancient Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, covering all domains of academia. It also lacks any Western or Japanese texts. Included within these 44 sub-categories are: the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Great Learning, Doctrine of the Mean, I Ching, Rites of Zhou, Classic of Rites, Classic of Poetry, Spring and Autumn Annals, Shuowen Jiezi, Records of the Grand Historian, Zizhi Tongjian, The Art of War, Guoyu, Stratagems of the Warring States, Compendium of Materia Medica, and other classics.
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Tate Britain, previously the Tate Gallery The short-listed candidates for the Tate Directorship, who included Norman Rosenthal and Julian Spalding, were asked to prepare a seven-year scheme for the Tate. Serota's submission, on two sides of A4 paper, was titled "Grasping the Nettle". It analysed the various areas of Tate work and proposed future stratagems to deal with the imminent crisis caused by restricted government financial support, changing public sector management expectations and increasing art market prices. He saw many areas of the Tate's operations in need of overhaul, and concluded that the gallery was loved, but not respected enough.
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Oxford University Press. 17 February 2011 Thucydides, a Greek historian of the Peloponnesian War, writes that the Spartan king Pleistoanax lived on Mt. Lykaion while in exile from the mid-440s BC until 427, where he built a house straddling the sacred region (temenos) of Zeus to avoid further persecution.Thucydides 5.16.3 In his Stratagems, the 2nd-century Macedonian rhetorician Polyaenus describes a battle between the Spartans and Demetrius of Macedon in 294 BC. Mt. Lykaion extended between the camps of the two sides, causing some consternation among the Macedonians due to their unfamiliarity with the terrain. Nevertheless, Demetrius’ forces won the battle with relative ease.
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Caesar, by various stratagems, managed to retreat south with the remainder of his army and avoided being caught by the pursuing cavalry of Pompey. He sent some of his cohorts to reinforce the garrisons of Apollonia and Oricum, and propelled the bulk of his remaining troops into Thessaly. The Caesarian general Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus and the Pompeian general Scipio Nasica were both in that country with their respective armies, and both Caesar and Pompey then aimed to link up with their corresponding forces. Upon entering Thessaly, Caesar captured the town of Gomphi and regrouped with Domitius, allowing his men to resupply, rest and then move towards Pharsalus.
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Since the 1980s, there has been a trend of increased debate on the "purposes of sharia" (Maqāṣid aš-šarīʿa) in the context of which a number of scholars have argued for a revival of ḥiyal as a legitimate tool to improve the flexibility of sharia interpretation in view of the problem of Islam and modernity.Tāhā Ǧābir al-ʿAlwānī in: ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār ar-Rifāʿī (ed.) Maqāṣid aš-šarīʿa, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Muʿāṣir 2002, 95f. The nascent Islamic finance industry has also made invoked ḥiyal to defend its practices. Ismail, Muhammed Imran, Legal stratagems (hiyal) and usury in Islamic commercial law, Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham (2010).
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The book also contains chapters on coffee and tea. Abbott begins his discussion on coffee with a passage from Alexander Pope: > Coffee — which makes the politician wise, And see through all things with > his half-shut eyes Sent up in vapours to the baron’s brain New stratagems, > the radiant Lock to gain. In his analysis of coffee he states "The roasting of the berry to a proper degree requires great nicety ; the virtues and agreeableness of the drink depend upon it, and both are often injured by the general method." In discussing the proper preparation of both coffee and tea Abbott offers varied opinions on the worthiness of the drinks.
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In a word, it is a > compilation of all heresies, and it must be treated as such, if the truth is > to be defended. [The Council] must dispel the confusion created by the > doctrine of peaceful co-existence, by the policy of the outstretched hand, > and by Catholic communism, as it is called, all of which are stratagems > calculated to assist communism and to create obscurity, doubt, or at least > hesitation in the minds of Christians. In this matter the utmost clarity is > now required. He was created Cardinal Priest of Gesù Divin Lavoratore by Pope Paul VI in the consistory of 28 April 1969.
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As the citizens welcomed her at the gate of the city, she was so overwhelmed with joy that she could not bear it and fell down dead. She was buried on the spot, and her tomb became known as the "Tomb of Envy", as though Fate became envious of her and would not let her enjoy the honors.Plutarch, On the Virtues of Women, 17Polyaenus, Stratagems of War, 8. 36 In another version, which was recorded by Parthenius of Nicaea and, according to Plutarch's remark, was also followed by Aristotle, Polycrite had been accidentally left at a temple of Artemis outside the city when the city itself was blockaded by the Milesians.
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In Greek mythology, Cisus, or Ceisus, son of Temenus, was a king of Argos. Temenus had left his kingdom to his son in law Deiphontes even though he had natural sons of his own. In consequence of this, Deiphontes was slain by the stratagems of the sons of Temenus, the eldest of whom, being named Cisus, took possession of the kingdom. By this time, however, the Argives became advocates for liberty of speech and laws of their own making, and they diminished the power of their king so much that by the end of his reign, Cisus had become a king in name only.
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In his late teens, in 1940, Abdulin left school to join his father in the Miasski gold mines. As a miner he was exempt from military service, but soon after the German invasion he and three of his friends managed to persuade local officials to allow them to enlist. Of the four, only Abdulin would survive the war. After being sent to a military academy for officer candidates and getting very good grades, he had to use several stratagems to get sent to the front as a regular soldier with his comrades, where he also served as the komsorg (leader of the Komsomols of his company).
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His conclusion was that humans are inherently selfish and shrewd and spontaneously generate stratagems during everyday interactions. Laing's theories became more developed when he concluded that some forms of mental illness were merely artificial labels, used by the state to suppress individual suffering. This belief became a staple tenet of counter-culture in the 1960s. Reference is made to an experiment run by one of Laing's students, David Rosenhan, in which bogus patients, self-presenting at a number of American psychiatric institutions, were falsely diagnosed as having mental disorders, while institutions, informed that they were to receive bogus patients, misidentified genuine patients as imposters.
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Maria tells Carter a story about a man who wanted to talk to God and was later found dead, "bitten by a rattlesnake". "[T]he rattlesnake in the playpen" and "on the plate" are also significant metaphors. In world religions, the snake appears as a Biblical tempter, an agent in ritual suicides, an author of stratagems, and the symbol of fertility in general and male sexuality in particular. In The Philadelphia Journal, Benjamin Franklin suggested the female rattlesnake as a symbol of America: "The poison of her teeth is the necessary means of digesting her food, and at the same time is certain destruction to her enemies".
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However, eventually they realise they have been hit with grey goo and their own ships are being consumed. The senior staff escape. Monitoring the battle from their own lifeboat, Martin and Rachel are unsurprised by the outcome, and explain to an angry Vassily how, despite its lack of intentions, the Festival's visit indeed represented an existential threat to the Republic since information wants to be free. At Plotsk, where skyscrapers of stratospheric height have been erected, Rubenstein and Sister Stratagems meet some of his former comrades, many of them now cyborgs, and realises that the revolution he started has now grown beyond needing him or any other leader.
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Many of the citizens of Rochard's World have transcended their humanity, joined the Festival or otherwise permanently modified themselves. Rubenstein himself is implanted with a brain/computer interface. When an anthropomorphised rabbit begs the assembled cadres for help finding his master, the former governor, they join him and Stratagems in looking for him. They find the governor, who had been granted his wish to once again become a young boy with faithful animal companions, mummified on a hillside where the Festival saved him from zombification at the hand of the Mimes, another associated species, with an X-ray laser blast that left his body exposed to dangerous levels of ionizing radiation.
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U.S. Army dog tags from World War II The earliest mention of an identification tag for soldiers comes in Polyaenus (Stratagems 1.17) where the Spartans wrote their names on sticks tied to their left wrists. A type of dog tag ("signaculum") was given to the Roman legionary at the moment of enrollment. The legionary "signaculum" was a lead disk with a leather string, worn around the neck, with the name of the recruit and the indication of the legion of which the recruit was part. This procedure, together with enrollment in the list of recruits, was made at the beginning of a four-month probatory period ("probatio").
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The version of Livy and Polybius is supported by other ancient historians, such as FlorusFlorus, Epitome of Roman History, Book I, Section 22 and Frontinus.Frontinus, Stratagems, II, 5.29 In “The Punic Wars”, a part of his “Roman History”, Appian relates another story of the events. According to Appian, Scipio detached only Massinissa and his horsemen to prevent Syphax from rendering help to Hasdrubal.Appian, History of Rome, The Punic Wars, 4.20 With the bulk of his legionaries, the Roman commander suddenly attacked Hasdrubal's camp and slaughtered almost all of his soldiers, because those who initially made their escape were rounded up by the Roman cavalry.
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The dependence of location according to the Go Rin No Sho is crucial. You must be in a place where man-made objects such as buildings, towers, castles, and such do not obstruct your view, as well as facing or standing in a position where the sun or moon does not affect your vision. This is purely so that your vision is focused on nothing but the enemy, and thus there is more concentration upon the enemy's stratagems. Musashi also seems to note the age old strategy of the High Ground: > You must look down on the enemy, and take up your attitude on slightly > higher places.
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After his dismissal, Topal Osman served briefly as governor of the Trebizond Eyalet and of Tiflis, before being recalled and, as the Empire's most experienced soldier, appointed serasker of Anatolia in the Ottoman–Persian War of 1730–35. In July 1733 he dealt a decisive defeat on the Persians, who under Nader Shah had invaded Iraq and were besieging Baghdad, at a hard-fought battle just north of Baghdad. Aided by Topal Osman's clever stratagems, the Ottomans inflicted some 30,000 casualties on Nader Shah's army and forced it to withdraw, although they lost 20,000 in turn. It was the only time that Nader Shah ever lost a battle.
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Through exposition, it is revealed that Henry was not born into slavery but free in the West Indies to well-off tobacco planters. Blake's fortune takes a drastic turn when he conflates a slave vessel with that of a battleship and is consequently kidnapped to America and sold to Colonel Franks. Henry meets Maggie on the Franks Plantation; they soon marry and start a family. On his revolutionary quest through plantations in the antebellum south, Henry interviews the enslaved persons he meets, documenting their experiences and circumstances; and procuring information about interviewees’ participation in major U.S events such as the American Revolutionary War as well as organized anti-slavery, insurrectional stratagems.
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McKinley's close friend and adviser, Mark Hanna It is unclear when William McKinley began to seriously prepare a run for president. As Phillips notes, "no documents, no diaries, no confidential letters to Mark Hanna (or anyone else) contain his secret hopes or veiled stratagems." From the beginning, McKinley's preparations had the participation of Hanna, whose biographer William T. Horner noted, "what is certainly true is that in 1888 the two men began to develop a close working relationship that helped put McKinley in the White House." Sherman did not run for president again after 1888, and so Hanna could support McKinley's ambitions for that office wholeheartedly.
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Over the course of the Warring States period, the Qin state had evolved to become the most powerful of the seven major states in China. In 316 BC, Qin expanded towards the Sichuan Basin by conquering the states of Ba and Shu. In 238 BC, Ying Zheng, the King of Qin, took over the reins of power after eliminating his political rivals Lü Buwei and Lao Ai. With help from Li Si, Wei Liao (尉繚) and others, Ying Zheng formulated a plan for conquering the other six major states and unifying China. The plan, which focuses on annexing each state individually, is based on "allying with distant states and attacking nearby ones", one of the Thirty-Six Stratagems.
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According to Josephus, this had the double effect of strengthening Roman resolve to take the city by force and the defenders' resolve to fight, hoping to die by the sword rather than thirst or starvation. With the completion of the assault ramp, Vespasian ordered a battering ram brought up against the wall. Various stratagems were used by the defenders against the ram, including lowering sacks filled with chaff to receive its blows (until these were torn away by the Romans) and sallying forth and setting fire to the ram. Josephus also chronicles an incident in which one of the defenders, renowned for his strength, cast a huge stone on the ram from above, breaking off its head.
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But Erik is not elsewhere a great duelist or champion but instead a trickster who wins through stratagems and deceiving words so that is it likely that Saxo or his source passed over a stratagem in which a horse bridle played a part. Saxo also mentions Starkad's stay in Sweden in Book 6 in a summary of Starkad's life up to that point in his history. But Saxo does not indicate what king or kings then ruled Sweden, saying only: > ... he went into the land of the Swedes, where he lived at leisure for seven > years' space with the sons of Frø. Frø is of course the god Frey, the ancestor of the Swedish dynasty.
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In Helldivers, the players need to learn to coordinate their actions during chaotic combat, to complete objectives and to avoid friendly-fire casualties. The game is set in a procedurally generated universe where the community must fight three different enemy species to ensure the survival of Super Earth. Gameplay takes place on procedurally-generated missions where players must accomplish a series of objectives. Unlike many similar games where fighting certain enemies in a certain order is mandatory, the players make their own decisions about where to drop, whether to go on foot or in vehicles, in what order objectives should be completed and when to call down certain pieces of equipment, referred to as stratagems within the game.
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Cebrenii () is the name of a Thracian tribe, they are mentioned by PolyaenusPolyaenus: Stratagems - BOOK 7: The generals of the Cebrenii and Sycaeboae, two Thracian tribes, were chosen from among the priests of Hera. Cosingas, according to the tradition of the country, was elected to be their priest and general; but the army took some objection to him, and refused to obey him. To suppress the rebelliousness that had taken hold of the troops, Cosingas built a number of long ladders, and fastened them one to another. He then put out a report, that he had decided to climb up to heaven, in order to inform Hera of the disobedience of the Thracians.
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For several years following King James made repeated attempts to control the church, according to his own arbitrary notions, but he invariably encountered a strenuous opponent in Andrew Melville; and he had recourse at last to one of those stratagems which he thought the very essence of "king-craft", to secure the removal of this champion of presbyterianism from Scotland altogether. During the whole time he protected the liberties of the Scottish Church against all encroachments of the government. That in the main he was fighting for the constitutionally guaranteed rights of the Church is generally accepted. The chief charge against Melville is that his fervour often led him to forget the reverence due to an "anointed monarch".
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The Fire Book refers to fighting methods unlike the specific fighting techniques listed in the Water Book. It goes into a broader scope in terms of hints as to assess a situation, as well as specific situational instructions. He notes obvious advantages of armor and preparedness before a duel or battle as it applies to one man or a whole group of men: > As one man can defeat ten men, so can one thousand men defeat ten thousand. > However, you can become a master of strategy by training alone with a sword, > so that you can understand the enemy's stratagems, his strength and > resources, and come to appreciate how to apply strategy to beat ten thousand > enemies.
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In the upcoming field of neurogenomics, it is hoped that by understanding the genomic profiles of different parts of the brain, we might be able to improve our understanding of how the interactions between genes and pathways influence cellular function and development. This approach is expected to be able to identify the secondary gene networks that are disrupted in neurological disorders, subsequently assisting drug development stratagems for brain diseases. The BRAIN initiative launched in 2013, for example, seeks to "inform the development of future treatments for brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury" . Rare variant association studies (RVAS) have highlighted the role of de novo mutations in several congenital and early-childhood-onset disorders like autism.
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During the escape from the Algae Planet, Baltar is captured by the Colonials. Following his capture, Baltar is subjected to sleep-deprivation, force-feeding, and a radical form of hallucinogen-based interrogation, and then offered the possibility of escaping execution in exchange for cooperation, as Adama, Tigh and Roslin seek to learn any clues to Earth's location. When all of these stratagems fail, Baltar asks for a fair trial. Roslin rejects Adama's suggestion that Baltar be made to "simply disappear", and orders him to be given a fair trial for his crimes, even after a warning from Tom Zarek that doing so will provoke dangerous unrest among the fleet's civilian and military populations alike.
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Deception sends his astral form to inspire military and government leaders with duplicitous thoughts that could lead to war. His contributions to World War II include "persuad[ing] ... the Rising Sun (Japan) to make peace talk at Washington while they struck with deadly venom at Pearl Harbor" and "show[ing] the addled Adolf Hitler how to cultivate Russia's friendship until the hour arrived to attack".Wonder Woman #2 On the war god's interplanetary base on the planet Mars, Duke of Deception operates the Lie Factory, which uses slaves, spirits from different planets such as Earth and Saturn that inhabit bodies, to craft deceptions for a variety of stratagems. Other slaves are used for gladiator conflicts.
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Queen Mama Ocllo is described as a dominant figure, "desirous for wealth" and remembered for her stratagems by which she was to have wielded great influence upon the affairs of state. According to legend, the queen assisted her spouse in the conquest of a city in Chimor ruled by a female Capallana - the city was possibly Tumbez. When the Capallana refused the Inca's request to submit, Mama Ocllo asked her spouse to allow her to intercede and promised to give him the city without the loss of a single warrior. She had a message sent to the female ruler, that her courage had saved her city and that the Inca army would let it be.
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May, Thomas Erskine (1862) The constitutional history of England since the accession of George the Third, 1760–1860, Boston, MA: Crosby & Nichols; Vol 1, pp. 121–122 The next day, 22 April 1831, the Prime Minister went to see the King in order to prevent these stratagems to frustrate the Reform being successful. They decided that, in order to prevent Wharncliffe's motion being carried, the monarch should prorogue the Houses in person, because were Commissioners sent to prorogue the Houses, it was the privilege of Parliament to keep them waiting until they had voted on any motion. However, if the monarch came in person, he could interrupt the debate and prorogue Parliament, so that Lord Wharncliffe's motion could not be passed.
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Sima Yi was very upset when he found out later." Later, in the fifth century, Pei Songzhi added the anecdote as an annotation to Zhuge Liang's biography in the Sanguozhi. Since Zhuge Liang wrote on the use of this tactic in his compilation work, "Thirty Six Stratagems", going so far as to detail how the psychology employed works, and why: "When the enemy is superior in numbers and your situation is such that you expect to be overrun at any moment, then drop all pretense of military preparedness, act calmly, and taunt the enemy, so that the enemy will think you have a huge ambush hidden for them. It works best by acting calm and at ease when your enemy expects you to be tense.
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The statue Boadicea and Her Daughters near Westminster Pier shows British Celtic queen Boudica in a scythed chariot as commissioned by Prince Albert and executed by Thomas Thornycroft (completed in 1905). Despite these shortcomings, scythed chariots were used with some success by the Persians and the kingdoms of the Hellenistic Era. They are last known to have been used at the Battle of Zela in 47 BC. The Romans are reported to have defeated this weapon system, not necessarily at this battle, with caltrops. On other occasions the Romans fixed vertical posts in the ground behind which their infantry were safe (Frontinus Stratagems 2,3,17-18) There is a statement in the Scriptores Historiae Augustae Severus Alexander LV that he captured 1,800 scythed chariots.
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It affirmed the obligation of the ritual ablution (ghusl), "even though by plunging into the sea". The fatwa permitted Muslims outwardly to participate in Christian rituals and worship, so long as they inwardly considered them to be forbidden. When the Muslims had to prostrate to Christian "idols", they were to internally desire to perform the Islamic prayer, even if not actually facing Mecca, and when they bowed down to the "idols", they were to focus their attention toward Allah. When obliged to commit blasphemy, such as cursing Muhammad, or accepting Jesus as the son of God or Mary as God's wife [sic], the fatwa instructed them to do so, and to employ "whatever stratagems" they could to negate their meaning whenever possible.
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The reports written by the European colonialists and particularly as found in the famous "Biu Book" (1954-1956) and the book "Emirates of Northern Nigeria" by S. G. Hogben & A. H. M. Kirk-Green (1966) established that Yamtarawala the founder of the Babur tribe and its Kingdom came to Biu area from Birni Ngazargamu in the early 15th century. He first settled himself in the Biu area at a place called Limbur, between Chikorkir and Mandaragirau where he made Limbur as his capital. He found the Bura people in the area with three main villages at Miringa, Diwar and Buratai and duly defeated them with the help of legendary stratagems. He established his Kingdom in the area and ruled from 1535 to 1560.
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The Bene Gesserit choose to use indirect methodologies to further their goals, rather than wield overt power themselves. They have noted the Taoist principle that whatever rises must fall; and so rather than taking direct control of the human race, they instead manipulate the social and political order with subtlety and insinuation, often using extraordinarily long-term stratagems spanning generations. The Bene Gesserit avoid appearing too rich or powerful, or revealing the extent of their powers, to prevent being seen as overtly responsible for the rise and fall of governments and empires, and to avoid any organized backlash. To this end, the Bene Gesserit provide some of their trained initiates as wives and concubines, and will train the daughters of noble families for a fee.
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While she was being pursued by the Athenian ship she charged at full speed against a ship of her own side manned by the Calyndians and in which the king of the Calyndians, Damasithymus, was embarked."Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53 "Artemisia, in the naval battle at Salamis, found that the Persians were defeated, and she herself was near to falling into the hands of the Greeks. She ordered the Persian colours to be taken down, and the master of the ship to bear down upon, and attack a Persian vessel, that was passing by her. The Greeks, seeing this, supposed her to be one of their allies; they drew off and left her alone, directing their forces against other parts of the Persian fleet.
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One of the men who was next to Xerxes said to him: "Master, see Artemisia, how well she is fighting, and how she sank even now a ship of the enemy" and Xerxes then responded: "My men have become women; and my women, men." None of the crew of the Calyndian ship survived to be able to accuse her otherwise. According to Polyaenus, when Xerxes saw her sink the ship, he said: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men out of woman's."Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.5"And even in the heat of the action, observing the manner in which she distinguished herself, he exclaimed: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men out of woman's.
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Herodotus had a favourable opinion of Artemisia, despite her support of Persia and praises her decisiveness and intelligence and emphasises her influence on Xerxes. Polyaenus says that Xerxes praised her gallantry. He also in the eighth book of his work Stratagems, mentions that when Artemisia (he may have referred to Artemisia I, but most probably he referred to Artemisia II) wanted to conquer Latmus, she placed soldiers in ambush near the city and she, with women, eunuchs and musicians, celebrated a sacrifice at the grove of the Mother of the Gods, which was about seven stades distant from the city. When the inhabitants of Latmus came out to see the magnificent procession, the soldiers entered the city and took possession of it.
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In the reign of Alexios I the Byzantine kataphraktoi proved to be unable to withstand the charge of Norman knights, and Alexios, in his later campaigns, was forced to use stratagems which were aimed at avoiding the exposure of his heavy cavalry to such a charge.Birkenmeier, pp. 60–70. Contemporary Byzantine armour was probably more effective than that of Western Europe therefore reasons other than a deficit in armour protection must be sought for the poor performance of the Byzantine cavalry. It is probable that the Byzantine heavy cavalry traditionally made charges at relatively slow speed, certainly the deep wedge formations described in Nikephoros II Phokas’ day would have been impossible to deploy at anything faster than a round trot.
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220–221 The two generals met on a plain between Carthage and Utica on October 19, 202 BC, at the final Battle of Zama. Despite mutual admiration, negotiations floundered due largely to Roman distrust of the Carthaginians as a result of the Carthaginian attack on Saguntum, the breach of protocols which ended the First Punic War (known as Punic Faith), and a perceived breach in contemporary military etiquette due to Hannibal's numerous ambushes. Hannibal arranged his infantry in three phalangial lines designed to overlap the Roman lines. His strategy, so oft reliant upon subtle stratagems, was simple: a massive forward attack by the war elephants would create gaps in the Roman lines, which would be exploited by the infantry, supported by the cavalry.
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He rejected the distinction allowed by Acontius, between tolerance of error in fundamentals and in other points. He would have men 'call more for light and less for fire from heaven' (epistle in Satan's Stratagems, 1648). In his Divine Authority of the Scriptures Asserted (1648), which won the commendation of Richard Baxter, he maintains, anticipating George Fox and Robert Barclay, that the word of God 'was extant in the world, nay in the hearts and consciences of men, before there was any copy of the word extant in writing.' In his Pagans Debt and Dowry (1651; 1671, a reply to Thomas Barlow), which led to a controversy with Obadiah Howe, he argues that without the letter of the gospel heathens may be saved.
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He particularly rests his argument on the "When in one line two crafts directly meet" line, seeing in it a pun on "crafts" (stratagems and ships) indicating that Hamlet knows in advance that the two ships will encounter each other on the journey. William Witherle Lawrence, writing in 1944, dismissed the idea: "Little time need be wasted on the absurd idea that the pirate attack was not accidental, but planned by Hamlet." Writing in 1975, Martin Stevens attempted to revive the idea, but most critics who have addressed the issue have sided with Lawrence. However, their main argument against the idea has been based on the idea that the meaning of the word "craft" to mean "ship" was not in use until 1671, based on the Oxford English Dictionary entry's earliest dating for the word.
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The response of the Romans was hampered by the absence of the Roman legions, which were already engaged in fighting a revolt in Spain and the Third Mithridatic War. Furthermore, the Romans considered the rebellion more of a policing matter than a war. Rome dispatched militia under the command of praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber, who besieged Spartacus and his camp on Mount Vesuvius, hoping that starvation would force Spartacus to surrender. They were surprised when Spartacus, who had made ropes from vines, climbed down the cliff side of the volcano with his men and attacked the unfortified Roman camp in the rear, killing most of them.Plutarch, Crassus, 9:1–3; Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, p. 109.
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Over the course of the next two and a half years, the government forces under al-Muwaffaq laid siege to 'Ali ibn Muhammad and the Zanj in al-Mukhtarah. During this period, both the besiegers and the besieged engaged in numerous stratagems in an attempt to dislodge the other side, and battles took place both inside and outside the city's fortifications. The rebels mounted a fierce defense, conducting several sorties against the besiegers, attempted to repair damage to their defenses and block government ships by sabotaging canals. By the time of the siege most if not all of the Zanj had returned to the city to reinforce it, and most of the remaining Zanj commanders, including Sulayman ibn Jami', Sulayman ibn Musa, 'Ali ibn Aban, and 'Ali's son Ankalay, participated in its defense.
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His most famous books included The Stratagems of God, published in 1988; The Indelible Borrelli Case in 1992; Mineralogy For Intruders in 1999; and The Transfigured Rose, also released in 1999. De la Peña was the recipient of the National Jose Pages Llergo Prize for Cultural Journalism, the National Prize for Arts and Sciences for linguistics in 2003, and the Fine Arts Gold Medal in 2007. In August 2012, Mexican Ambassador to Spain Francisco Javier Ramírez Acuña accepted the Menéndez Pelayo International Prize on Ernesto de la Peña's behalf, as the writer was too ill to travel to Menéndez Pelayo International University in Santander, Spain, to accept it in person. He received the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor, Mexico's highest honor, in a post mortem ceremony in 2012.
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Tyrrell (31) But Labienus's ill fortune under Pompey was as marked as his success had been under Caesar. From the defeat at the Battle of Pharsalus, where he commanded the cavalry, he fled to Corcyra, and after hearing of the death of Pompey then proceeded to Africa. He created confidence in the followers of Pompey by lying to them, claiming that Caesar had received a mortal wound at the Battle of Pharsalus.Sextus Julius Frontinius: Stratagems Book II He was able through sheer force of numbers to inflict a slight check upon Caesar at the Battle of Ruspina in 46 BC.Bellum Africum Book 41 By arranging his troops into dense formations, he tricked Caesar into thinking he had only foot soldiers, and was able to rout Caesar's cavalry and surround his army.
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Syloson, son of Calliteles () is a ruler of Samos, known only from a brief reference in the second century AD historian Polyaenus. He may have lived in the early sixth century BC or in the mid-fifth century BC. According to Polyaenus, Syloson was a general of the Samians who was believed to have democratic leanings. During a war with an unspecified group of Aeolians, he encouraged the Samians to hold the traditional festival at the Heraion outside the city walls and then took advantage of their absence to seize control of the city for himself.Polyaenus, Stratagems 6.45 J. P. Barron argues that this event took place in the early sixth century BC and that the government overthrown by Syloson was the regime that had replaced the Geomori.
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The solo lines composed for him set the words, 'The reason is, your spirits are attentive' and 'Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils.' Robert Easton was severely wounded in the trenches in the First World War, having a leg amputated, and when he was invalided out of the army he was offered training, first as an accountant, which he realised quickly he was not suited for, and then as a singer. His 'debut' (so he always said) was deputising for an indisposed Harold Williams at the Royal Albert Hall in the early 1920s, singing Stanford's Songs of the Sea under Thomas Beecham, who then offered him many opportunities to forward his career. He recorded principally for the Columbia label, but, unfortunately, most of these do not do his voice justice.
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Local historian René Descadeillas commented: "They found no evidence anywhere to support the assertion that, down the ages, any individual, family, group or clan could have accumulated a precious treasure-hoard at Rennes and then concealed it in the locality or its environs. What is more, the activities of the Abbé Saunière were undoubtedly eloquent of the sort of stratagems that he was accustomed to using in order to enrich himself."René Descadeillas, Mythologie du Trésor de Rennes, pages 57-58 (Éditions Collot, 1991 reprint of the 1974 edition). In more recent times, following up claims by a Canadian purporting to be related to one of the foremen who supervised Saunière's works, a much-publicised 2003 excavation of the floor of the Tour Magdala by the Mayor of the village failed to exhume any anticipated treasure.
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27 AelianAelian, "On Animals" 1.38 confirmed that elephants were frightened by squealing pigs (and rams with horns), and reported that the Romans exploited squealing pigs (and rams) to repel the war elephants of Pyrrhus in 275 BC. Procopius, in History of the Wars,Procopius, "History of the Wars" 8.14.30–43 records that the defenders of Edessa suspended a squealing pig from the walls to frighten away Khosrau's single siege elephant in the sixth century AD. Historical accounts of incendiary pigs or flaming pigs were recorded by the military writer PolyaenusPolyaenus, "Stratagems" 4.6.3 and by Aelian.Aelian, "On Animals" 16.36 Both writers reported that Antigonus II Gonatas' siege of Megara in 266 BC was broken when the Megarians doused some pigs with combustible pitch, crude oil or resin, set them alight, and drove them towards the enemy's massed war elephants.
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In 1645 he visited England and had an interview with the king, and on his return found himself in Anglesey when it submitted to General Thomas Mytton. After in vain exhorting the royalists to resist, he managed by a succession of adroit stratagems to reach Ireland, and on 1 April 1647 was presented to the rectory of Rathfarnham, near Dublin. He resided in that city until its surrender in the same year, when he was included by name in the benefits of the capitulation. Ormonde sent him a sum of money to relieve his necessities, but on his way to Wales, to live on a small patrimony he possessed there, he was taken prisoner by Captain Beeche, who robbed him of all he had and left him to make his way back to Dublin in a destitute condition.
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Chapter 1 And when the Germans begin shelling London — "Fortunately it was August, and there was nobody in town."Chapter 6 — the destruction of nearly all the capital's statues, the reduction of the Albert Hall to a heap of picturesque ruins, and the burning of the Royal Academy, earn Prince Otto a hearty vote of thanks from the grateful populace.Chapter 7 The European parties form an alliance and expel the other invaders, but the Swiss soon leave, to be home in time for the winter hotel season, and when Prince Otto and Grand Duke Vodkakoff are offered music hall engagements and the leader of the army of Monaco is not, he takes offence and withdraws his troops. The two remaining armies are overcome thanks to the stratagems of the indomitable Clarence Chugwater, leader of the Boy Scouts.
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" Winged female figure in kneeling-running stance, holding kerykeion and victory wreath, on the coinage of Caria around the time of Artemisia. According to Polyaenus, when Artemisia saw that she was near to falling into the hands of the Greeks, she ordered the Persian colours to be taken down, and the master of the ship to bear down upon and attack a Persian vessel of the Calyndian allies, which was commanded by Damasithymus, that was passing by her.Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53 "Artemisia, in the naval battle at Salamis, found that the Persians were defeated, and she herself was near to falling into the hands of the Greeks. She ordered the Persian colours to be taken down, and the master of the ship to bear down upon, and attack a Persian vessel, that was passing by her.
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When she chased a Greek ship, she hoisted the Persian colours. But when she was chased by a Greek ship, she hoisted the Greek colours, so that the enemy might mistake her for a Greek and give up the pursuit.Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.3 "Artemisia always chose a long ship, and carried on board with her Greek, as well as barbarian, colours. When she chased a Greek ship, she hoisted the barbarian colours; but when she was chased by a Greek ship, she hoisted the Greek colours; so that the enemy might mistake her for a Greek, and give up the pursuit" While Xerxes was overseeing the battle from his throne, which was at the foot of Mount Aigaleo, he observed the incident and he and the others who were present thought that Artemisia had attacked and sunk a Greek ship.
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Battle of Ravenna, (woodcut by unknown artist, 16th century) In the end, as proven at Marignano and Bicocca, the mass pike attack columns of the Swiss mercenaries proved to be too vulnerable to gunpowder weapons as firearms technology advanced, especially arquebusiers and artillery deployed on prepared ground (e.g., earthworks) and properly supported by other arms. These arquebusiers and heavy cannons scythed down the close-packed ranks of the Swiss squares in bloody heaps—at least, as long as the Swiss attack could be bogged down by earthworks or cavalry charges, and the vulnerable arquebusiers were backed up by melee infantry—pikemen, halberdiers, and/or swordsmen (Spanish sword-and-buckler men or the Doppelsöldner wielding the Zweihänder)—to defend them if necessary from the Swiss in close combat. Other stratagems could also take the Swiss pikemen at a disadvantage.
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Popper disparages the pseudoscientific, which occurs when an unscientific theory is proclaimed true and coupled with seemingly scientific method by "testing" the unfalsifiable theory—whose predictions are confirmed by necessity—or when a scientific theory's falsifiable predictions are strongly falsified but the theory is persistently protected by "immunizing stratagems", such as the appendage of ad hoc clauses saving the theory or the recourse to increasingly speculative hypotheses shielding the theory. Popper's scientific epistemology is falsificationism, which finds that no number, degree, and variety of empirical successes can either verify or confirm scientific theory. Falsificationism finds science's aim as corroboration of scientific theory, which strives for scientific realism but accepts the maximal status of strongly corroborated verisimilitude ("truthlikeness"). Explicitly denying the positivist view that all knowledge is scientific, Popper developed the general epistemology critical rationalism, which finds human knowledge to evolve by conjectures and refutations.
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However, Durgasimha (or his source) puts forward his own legendary textual history, based on the assumption that the Panchatantra was originally part of the Brihatkatha (when in fact "[i]t appears that the original Bṛhatkathā did not include the Pañcatantra, but a later version made in Kashmir or north-western India seems to have inserted the Pañcatantra into its repertoire of stories"). Durgasimha's version states that Pushpadatta, a chief attendant of the Hindu god Shiva overheard Shiva telling his consort Parvati a great story. This story was later reproduced as Brihatkatha in Paishachi by Gunadhya, a reincarnation of Pushpadatta, and a court poet of king Shalivahana. He further states that the Sanskrit version by Vasubhaga Datta (who replaces Vishnu Sharma as the putative author in several of the "Southern" versions) was a selection of "five stories" from the Paishachi original, and hence the name Panchatantra ("The five stratagems").
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The Battle of Ephesus was a naval battle off the coast of Asia Minor near Ephesus in which the Rhodian fleet, commanded by Agathostratus, defeated a Ptolemaic fleet under the Athenian admiral Chremonides. The battle is only briefly mentioned by Polyaenus in his book on stratagems. Like its near contemporaries, the battles at Cos and Andros, its date is heavily disputed due to meager evidence, with most scholars placing it in or at any rate during the Second Syrian War (260–253 BC), while others have preferred the Third Syrian War (246–241 BC) and have proposed dates from 245/4 BC to 242 BC. This however is incompatible with more recently discovered sources, and modern research places the battle within a timeframe from to . It is also possible that the battle was not part of a wider imperial conflict between the great Hellenistic powers, but a confrontation between Rhodes and Ptolemaic Egypt alone.
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Strauss's argument is not that the medieval writers he studies reserved one exoteric meaning for the many (hoi polloi) and an esoteric, hidden one for the few (hoi aristoi), but that, through rhetorical stratagems including self-contradiction and hyperboles, these writers succeeded in conveying their proper meaning at the tacit heart of their writings—a heart or message irreducible to "the letter" or historical dimension of texts. Explicitly following Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's lead, Strauss indicates that medieval political philosophers, no less than their ancient counterparts, carefully adapted their wording to the dominant moral views of their time, lest their writings be condemned as heretical or unjust, not by "the many" (who did not read), but by those "few" whom the many regarded as the most righteous guardians of morality. It was precisely these righteous personalities who would be most inclined to persecute/ostracize anyone who was in the business of exposing the noble or great lie upon which the authority of the few over the many stands or falls.Jew and Philosopher: The Return to Maimonides in the Jewish Thought of Leo Strauss p.
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The cities of Seleucia and Antioch surrendered to him without a fight in late autumn.Gurob Papyrus At Antioch, Ptolemy III went to the royal palace to plan his next moves with Berenice in person, only to discover that she and her young son had been murdered.Justin Epitome of Pompeius Trogus 27.1, Polyaenus Stratagems 8.50 Rather than accept defeat in the face of this setback, Ptolemy III continued his campaign through Syria and into Mesopotamia, where he conquered Babylon at the end of 246 or beginning of 245 BC.Ptolemy III chronicle; Appian, Syriaca 11.65. In light of this success, Ptolemy III may have been crowned 'Great King' of Asia.OGIS 54 (the 'Adulis inscription'). Early in 245 BC, Ptolemy established a governor of the land 'on the other side' of the Euphrates, indicating an intention to permanently incorporate the region into the Ptolemaic kingdom. ;Egyptian Revolt (245 BC) A statue that may represent Ptolemy III Euergetes in Pharaonic guise At this point however, Ptolemy received notice that a revolt had broken out in Egypt and he was forced to return home to suppress it.Justin 27.1.
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In his collection of stratagems, the 2nd-century author Polyaenus records that "Philocles, general of Ptolemy" took the city of Kaunos by treachery. It is likely that this Philocles is identical to the "King of the Sidonians", but the date is unclear: Kaunos was first captured by Ptolemy in 309 BC—thus confirming that Philocles was in Ptolemaic, rather than Antigonid, service at the time—but it then reverted to Antigonid rule until sometime after , which coincides with the Athenian inscription mentioning him. A decree from Aspendos honouring mercenaries who, under Philocles and the Ptolemaic general Leonidas, saved the city from an unspecified attack, has variously been dated between 306 BC and 287 BC. Given that Leonidas is otherwise attested mostly for the period 310–306 BC, an earlier date in that range seems the more likely, indicating again that Philocles was never in Antigonid service. In the late 280s, Philocles is attested in a series of inscriptions from various Greek islands, which show him intervening in various disputes and issues of governance in the city-states under Ptolemaic control.
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" According to Maglione's account of the meeting, when asked by von Weizsäcker what the pope would do if these things were to continue, he replied that the Holy See did not wish to have to express disapproval, and when asked whether von Weizsäcker should report the conversation to his superiors, he replied that he was "leaving it to his judgment."Phayer, 2008, pp. 79-80. Historian Michael Burleigh defends the pope, noting acerbically that "critics of Pius, evidently unaware of such a thing as tactical lies, routinely alight upon [Weizsacker's downplaying of the Pope's protests of the razzia]" as having done "considerable harm to the reputation of Pius XII". But Burleigh adds that "at the time [Pius' and Weizsacker's diplomacy] served the more urgent end of diverting Berlin's malign attentions away from the thousands of Jews hidden in Catholic churches and private homes in Rome.... Such serpentine stratagems were as normal to those who had to negotiate these shoals at the time as they are alien to the academic moralists who deplore them with the luxury of hindsight.
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Rumsfeld addresses the effects of lawfare in his memoir Known and Unknown. Questions remain unresolved of the possibility of lawfare-type prosecution, in Italy , published by Statewatch, 22 June 2005 and Germany SpiegelOnline: Judgment Day May Be Approaching for CIA Agents(discussing German indictment of 13 CIA agents for rendition of Khaled el-Masri) of CIA agents involved in international abduction known as extraordinary rendition by the United States, and, in Spain, before Magistrate Garzón of the Bush Six, American attorneys who created what The New York Times called "the legal framework to justify the torture of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay". An opinion piece in the New York Daily News asserts that the United States is already dealing with "a variety of lawfare stratagems". In New York, anyone who reports an event as part of the "If You See Something, Say Something™" public awareness campaign is "protected from frivolous lawsuits" by the "Freedom to Report Terrorism Act", and journalists and authors who report on terrorism are protected from lawsuits by the "Libel Terrorism Protection Act", as well.
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A third, The Newspaper Girl (1899), exploited Elizabeth Banks's notorious "stunt" journalism, turning some of the same stratagems to humorous effect. Humor would become one of her most striking characteristics as an author, beginning with The Lightning Conductor (1902), the novel that catapulted her overnight to international fame, selling more than a million copies in America. James Milne, in Memoirs of a Bookman (1934), speaks of a "tradition" that she was "the wittiest girl who ever invaded Fleet Street." Although best known for her series of motor travel romances, she was a literary polymath adept at a wide variety of genres (detective, mystery, Gothic, intrigue, spy, adventure, war, ghost, fairy, satire, fictional memoir, muckraking, etc.), often published anonymously or pseudonymously, such as Champion: The Story of a Motor Car (1907) as by John Colin Dane (memoirs narrated by the car itself), and her sensational exposé of German war plans on the eve of WWI, What I Found Out in the House of a German Prince (1915), purporting to be "by an American-English Governess," which was accepted as a true account and published serially in the Fortnightly Review.
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On July 24, 1987, the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) filed a case whose respondents included Cuenca and his son Roberto, Imelda Marcos, Roberto Ongpin, former Philippine National Bank president Panfilo O. Domingo, Development Bank of the Philippines officer Don Ferry, and eleven others, claiming that the respondents had engaged in “schemes, devices or stratagems” to acquire ill-gotten wealth. On August 5, 2010, the Sandiganbayan dismissed the case after throwing out 60 of the 100 documentary exhibits presented by the PCGG at the trial because they were photocopies, rather than original copies of the documents. The 27-page decision penned by Sandiganbayan Associate Justice Alex L. Quiroz, asserted that “since the due execution and authenticity of said photocopied documents had not been proved, the same were inadmissible in evidence. Further, the documents in question were rendered inadmissible as they were only photocopies.” In June 2018, the Philippine Supreme Court’s First Division dismissed the complaint of the PCGG against the 2010 Sandiganbayan ruling, stating that the Supreme Court was not able to review the evidence in order to rule on the PCGG’s complaint.
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