The three types of stipules according to duration are caducous, deciduous and persistent. Caducous stipules fall off before the leaf unfolds, while deciduous stipules fall off immediately after the leaf unfolds. Persistent stipules remain attached to the plant.
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Stipules have various functions. Some stipules are not well understood or may be vestigial. It is known that foliaceous stipules are used like leaves to make energy for the plants. Sometimes stipules protect the next leaf or bud as it grows in then falls off after the leaf unfolds, as with Tulip Poplars.
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Stipules can be used as climbing tendrils by climbing plants. Spiny stipules can be used to help protect the plant from animals.
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Leaf stipules are between 10 and 15 mm long, ovate and hairy. There are oil glands present at the base of the leaf stipules.
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The position of stipules on a plant varies widely from species to species, though they are often located near the base of a leaf. Stipules are most common on dicotyledons, where they appear in pairs alongside each leaf. Some monocotyledon plants display stipule-like structures, but only display one per leaf. A relationship exists between the anatomy of the stem node and the presence or absence of stipules: most plants with trilacunar nodes have stipules; species with unilacunar nodes lack stipules.
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Stipules occur at the base of the leaves, are triangular or linear and up to 15 mm long. In most baobabs, stipules are soon shed, but they are persistent in A. perrieri.
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This plant can show heterophylly: upper leaves can be different from lower leaves. The blade can be more or less elongated, from rounded to lanceolate, with crenate margin. At the base of the petiole there are stipules (5–15 mm long) of various form, from linear and entire stipules to stipules divided in many linear segments, pennate or palmate.
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Triangular stipules form between the leaf pairs, with a fine tip.
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The stipules may be free or connate, and stipels (secondary stipules) are absent. The inflorescences are peduncled racemes or heads. Bracts are small, with bracteoles below the calyx, and calyx teeth subequal. The petals may be pink, purplish, yellow, or whitish.
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Venation is unicostate reticulate. (Venation is branched or divergent.) Free lateral stipules are present.
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Senegalia can be distinguished from other acacias by its spicate inflorescences and non-spinescent stipules.
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The plant has opposite leaves, trifoliate with spinescent stipules, a pink corolla and smooth fruits.
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In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below). In Lepidobotryaceae, this joint bears a single, elongate stipel and a pair of small stipules where the petiole attaches to the stem. After the emergence of the leaf, the stipel and stipules soon fall away.
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Though the best-known genus, Viola, is herbaceous, most species are shrubs, lianas or small trees. The simple leaves are alternate or opposite, often with leafy stipules or the stipules are reduced in size. Some species have palmate or deeply dissected leaves. Many species are acaulescent.
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Subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. - Leaves opposite, distichous. Stipules interpetiolar, usually persistent. - Inflorescences axillary, usually sessile.
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Another study in peas involving genes controlling leaves, tendrils, and stipules did not find evidence of pleiotropy.
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The fungus grows on small twigs and stipules. It has been recorded from Mexico, Central America, and South America.
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Like most members of the family Rubiaceae, the stipules of Leichhardt trees are interpetiolar. In Nauclea, these interpetiolar stipules are held erect and pressed together, resulting in strongly flattened vegetative buds. They are large, around long. On their inside surfaces are a number of small red glands that can resemble insect eggs.
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Many cases of what was considered chorisis are in reality due to the development of stipules from the staminal leaf.
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Trifolium wormskioldii, a legume, is a perennial herb sometimes taking a matlike form, with decumbent or upright stems. The leaves are made up of leaflets measuring 1 to 3 centimeters long. The lower stipules are tipped with bristles and the upper stipules may be toothed. The rounded inflorescences are 2 or 3 centimeter wide.
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Acacia collinsii stipules Swollen stipules of Acacia drepanolobium that serve as ant domatia. An entry hole can be seen at the base of one of the spines of the largest domatia. From the MHNT In the Central American bullthorn acacias—Acacia sphaerocephala, Acacia cornigera and Acacia collinsii — some of the spiny stipules are large, swollen and hollow. These afford shelter for several species of Pseudomyrmex ants, which feed on extrafloral nectaries on the leaf- stalk and small lipid-rich food-bodies at the tips of the leaflets called Beltian bodies.
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They have large pinnate leaves with prominent stipules, and erect racemes of nectar-rich flowers. The vegetative parts are very toxic.
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Leaves are palmately compound in mature trees, but seedlings and regenerating shoots may have simple leaves. The transition to compound leaves comes with age and may be gradual. Leaflets may have toothed or smooth edges and may be hairless or have simple to clumped hairs. Baobabs have stipules at the base of the leaves, but the stipules are soon shed in most species.
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Paired stipules are generally present, and are a primitive feature within the family, independently lost in many groups of Amygdaloideae (previously called Spiraeoideae). The stipules are sometimes adnate (attached surface to surface) to the petiole. Glands or extrafloral nectaries may be present on leaf margins or petioles. Spines may be present on the midrib of leaflets and the rachis of compound leaves.
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Atractocarpus stipularis, commonly known as the green plum, is a flowering plant in the coffee family. The specific epithet alludes to its large stipules.
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Gerrardina, Dipentodon, and Perrottetia have two ovules in each locule. Tapiscia lacks the nectary disk that is characteristic of the order. Huertea lacks stipules.
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Stems, stipules, petioles and blades are densely covered with spindle-shaped cystoliths.Gordon Cheers (ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images .
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Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, rather small, simple, penni- veined, glabrous to hairy below, whitish below. Flowers ca. 4 mm diameter, yellow-brown, placed in bundles.
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Urticaceae species can be shrubs (e.g. Pilea), lianas, herbs (e.g. Urtica, Parietaria), or, rarely, trees (Dendrocnide, Cecropia). Their leaves are usually entire and bear stipules.
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Branchlets ∞ with yellowish brown bark, pubescent when young. Lvs in opp. Pairs or fascicles, on yellowish petioles. Stipules rounded-obtuse to broadly triangular, ± pubescent, ciliolate.
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In northeastern Saskatchewan, adults overwinter in fields of red clover. The insects become active in late April and eggs are laid between early May and mid-July inside the clover shoots, leaves and stipules. The developing larvae pass through four instars and feed on the stipules, buds and inflorescences of the clover. Pupation occurs between late June and August, on the plants or on the ground beneath.
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Polygonum bidwelliae is an annual herb producing an erect green, wiry, angled stem reaching 20 centimeters (8 inches) in height. The narrow, pointed leaves are oppositely arranged along the stem, mainly on the upper parts of stem branches. The leaves have relatively large stipules which form ochrea that sheath the stem, sometimes hiding the leaf bases. The sharp-pointed stipules are membranous and silvery white.
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The spreading upright shrub typically grows to a height of . It has densely hairy and terete branchlets that have persistent Stipules narrowly triangular stipules that are about in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, ascending to erect phyllodes are straight to curved with a length of and a width of around with six to eight minutely villous nerves.
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Lupinus), in the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae commonly bipinnate (e.g. Acacia, Mimosa). They always have stipules, which can be leaf-like (e.g. Pisum), thorn-like (e.g.
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The leaflets have a smooth edge and sit on a 2 to 4 millimeter long stem; the base of the leaflets is asymmetrical. Stipules are missing.
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Alternately arranged leaves with dark green on both side. Stipules are either small or none. Base of petiole swollen to form the pulvinus. Leaf blade is bipinnate.
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The leaves form a basal rosette, are paired on the stem, the lowest typically 300 mm long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller. There are no stipules.
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Canarium pilosum subsp. borneensis grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is smooth and pale brown. Stipules are absent in this subspecies.
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Stipules are red, usually about long. Leaf blades are ovate to elliptic, up to long. Figs are red, in diameter, borne in the axils of the leaves.S.S. Chang.
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Venation is pinnate. They have white to rusty complex hairs on the under surface. The petiole is less than a quarter the length of a blade. Stipules are present.
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Stipules are absent. Inflorescences are quite diverse, including both cymose and racemose types. In Jasione they are strongly condensed and resemble asteraceous capitula. In a few species, e. g.
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Monoecious, sometimes dioecious herbs, shrubs, or trees to 6m tall. Thorns or other armature absent. Stipules present, sometimes leaf-like is some Meineckia. Petioles present or absent, not pulvinate.
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There are no stipules. These features distinguish ash from mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) in which the leaves are alternate with paired stipules. The leaves are often among the last to open in spring, and the first to fall in autumn if an early frost strikes; they often fall dull green or develop a bright yellow autumn colour. The flowers are borne in short panicles, open before the leaves, and have no perianth.
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These plants are herbaceous and lignified depending on the genotype. They do not show a lateral axis. The leaves are trifoliate with stipules or pinnately arranged leaflets with caduceus stipels.
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Woody lianas; climbing by hooks formed from reduced, modified branches. Stipules entire or bifid. Inflorescences are compact heads at the ends of horizontal, very reduced branches. Corolla lobes without appendages.
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In Hymenodictyon and Paracorynanthe, the stipules bear large deciduous glands called colleters. The corolla tube is narrow at the base, gradually widening toward the apex. The fruit is a woody capsule.
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Stems of Polypodiaceae range from erect to long-creeping. The fronds are entire, pinnatifid, or variously forked or pinnate. The petioles lack stipules. The scaly rhizomes are generally creeping in nature.
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Members of the family Winteraceae are trees or shrubs. The leaves are alternate, with light green dots and a fragrant aroma. Some are used to produce essential oils. Stipules are absent.
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2.5v10.5 cm long, c. 6–20 mm broad, linear or oblong, obtuse or subacute, apiculate, pubescent on both sides, hairs appressed, silky. Petiole c. 1.2–2.5 mm long; stipules almost absent.
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Pelargonium comes from the Greek; Pelargos which means stork. Another name for pelargoniums is storksbills due to the shape of their fruit. Exstipulatum refers to the lack of Stipules on the leaves.
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Each leaf is kidney-shaped, very slightly toothed or crenate and with a few hairs near the margin. Stipules lacerate. The flowers are irregular in shape. They are blue with white center.
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Leaves entire, acuminate, 3-nerved, pupescent, stipules absent. Flowers monoecious, 1 female and 2 male in each involucre. Involucres clustered into a dense panicle. Male flowers with 4-partite calyx and 4 stamens.
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Didymeles species are evergreen trees. The simple leaves are leathery in texture, with untoothed (entire) margins. There are no stipules. The flowers are unisexual, with the two kinds borne on separate plants (i.e.
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Fontainea fugax is a dioecious shrub growing to 4 m. The stems have a clear exudate. New shoots have sparse, antrorse (upward pointing) trichomes. There are no stipules and the leaves have petioles.
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Members of this family can be trees (e.g. Celtis), erect herbs (e.g. Cannabis), or twining herbs (e.g. Humulus). Leaves are often more or less palmately lobed or palmately compound and always bear stipules.
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Brassicaceae have a bisymmetical corolla (left is mirrored by right, stem-side by out-side, but each quarter is not symmetrical), a septum dividing the fruit, lack stipules and have simple (although sometimes deeply incised) leaves. The sister family Cleomaceae has bilateral symmetrical corollas (left is mirrored by right, but stem-side is different from out-side), stipules and mostly palmately divided leaves, and mostly no septum. Capparaceae generally have a gynophore, sometimes an androgynophore, and a variable number of stamens.
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Most species have leaves with five leaflets; two of these are at the extreme base of the leaf, with the other three at the tip of a naked midrib. This gives the appearance of a pair of large stipules below a "petiole" bearing a trefoil of three leaflets – in fact, the true stipules are minute, soon falling or withering.C. A. Stace, Interactive Flora of the British Isles, a Digital Encyclopaedia: Lotus. . (Online version ) Some species have pinnate leaves with up to 15 leaflets.
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The six species of Ripogonum are perennials, either vines or shrubs. The leaves, which may have several different arrangements, lack stipules. The stems may have prickles. The Australian species are bisexual; others are unisexual.
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When fully grown the leaves are dark green and shiny above and paler green beneath. In autumn they turn a rusty yellow. The petioles are stout, long, with an enlarged base. Stipules are absent.
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The deciduous leaves may be opposite, alternate, or in whorls. In succulent species, the leaves are mostly small and short-lived. The stipules are mostly small, partly transformed into spines or glands, or missing.
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Cinchona officinalis is a shrub or tree with rugose bark and branchlets covered in minute hairs. Stipules lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, usually about . long and .
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Stipules are morphologically variable and might appear as glands, scales, hairs, spines, or laminar (leaf-like) structures. If a single stipule goes all the way around the stem, it is known as an ochrea.
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Buds are small, globose or slightly conical. Tendrils are small and crimson colored with short internodes. Leaves are lanceolate with large stipules with crimson veins. Petiole are deeply and broadly grooved throughout the length.
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The tree typically grows to a height of . Its branchlets are silvery, ribbed and densely hairy. It blooms from March to July, fruiting from August to October. Its stipules are persistent, brown and hairy.
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Rousseaceae is a plant family in the order Asterales containing trees and shrubs. The fruit is a berry or capsule. Leaves are simple, with toothed margins. Leaf stipules are not seen in this group.
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Pinnate leaves are typical of Rhytidanthera. The leaves are often coriaceous and conspicuously serrate. Stipules present, except Medusagyne. Venation often scalariform (ladder-like) in appearance, with parallel and closely spaced secondary and tertiary veins.
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They are mostly perennial, herbaceous plants, shrubs, or lianas. The membranous, cordate simple leaves are spread out, growing alternately along the stem on leaf stalks. The margins are commonly entire. No stipules are present.
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Turions are absent. Unlike P. lucens, Potamogeton × angustifolius sometimes produces floating leaves, which are opaque and typically 55-105 × 22–40 mm. The stipules are persistent, open, green when fresh, drying to olive or brownish.
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The leaves generally have an opposite arrangement, but sometimes are whorled or alternate. They are simple with smooth margins and pinnate venation. Stipules are typically reduced, appearing as a row of minute hairs, or absent.
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The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1874 as part of the work Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. It is commonly mistaken for Acacia perryi which has larger stipules and phyllodes.
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There may or may not be normal pinnate leaves at the tip of the phyllode. A stipule, present on the leaves of many dicotyledons, is an appendage on each side at the base of the petiole, resembling a small leaf. Stipules may be lasting and not be shed (a stipulate leaf, such as in roses and beans), or be shed as the leaf expands, leaving a stipule scar on the twig (an exstipulate leaf). The situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules is called the "stipulation".
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Acacia paradoxa habit Acacia paradoxa foliage, stipules and flowers Kangaroo Thorn flower Acacia paradoxa is a plant in the family Fabaceae. Its common names include kangaroo acacia, kangaroo thorn, prickly wattle, hedge wattle and paradox acacia.
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A. latescens is a tree growing from 4 to 9 m high. Its bark is brown and fissured. The smooth branchlets are ribbed, and its stipules fall. The pulvinus is 3-5 mm long and smooth.
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The plants are usually small trees or shrubs, or sometimes vines (Actinidia). The alternate, simple, spiral leaves have serrated or entire margins. They lack stipules or are minutely stipulated. They are often beset with rather flattened bristles.
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The dark green leaves of Aconitum species lack stipules. They are palmate or deeply palmately lobed with five to seven segments. Each segment again is trilobed with coarse sharp teeth. The leaves have a spiral (alternate) arrangement.
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Antopetitia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Members within the genus bear odd- pinnately compound leaves with five to eleven leaflets. Stipules are reduced to glands.
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Trifolium siskiyouenseis a glabrous, perennial herb with thickened roots but no rhizomes. Leaves are trifoliate with lanceolate stipules; leaflets are elliptic to oblanceolate, up to long. Flowers are white to cream- colored.Jepson Flora ProjectGillett, John Montague. 1980.
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Norwegian cinquefoil is usually an annual but may be a short-lived perennial. It produces a basal rosette of leaves from a taproot, then a green or red stem growing erect up to about in maximum length, and branching in its upper parts. The leaves are stalked and are either divided into five leaflets, or have three leaflets with the terminal leaflet being divided into three lobes. The basal leaves have narrow, sharp- tipped stipules while the upper leaves have elliptical stipules which are longer than the leaf stalks.
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In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth borne on either side (sometimes just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species the stipules are inconspicuous or entirely absent (and the leaf is then termed exstipulate). In some older botanical writing, the term "stipule" was used more generally to refer to any small leaves or leaf-parts, notably prophylls. The word stipule was coined by LinnaeusConcise English Dictionary Wordsworth Editions Ltd.
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The glossy, glabrous leaves are 12 x 5 cm in length, simple, alternate, elliptic, entire, apiculate, acute and lanceolate with prominent stipules, a scar encircling each leaf's petiole. The bark is smooth, reddish brown with a gray cast.
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In some species they bear hard, sharp, spines at their tips. There are no stipules. Aspalathus species may be grouped into four categories for purposes of rough identification in the field. One group has undivided leaves, never tufted.
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Agouticarpa is characterized by being dioecious, having elliptic to obovate, membranaceous stipules, male flowers in a branched dichasial or thyrse-like inflorescence, a poorly developed cup-shaped calyx, pollen grains with 3-7 apertures, and large globose fruits.
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Astragalus cedreti grows close to the ground. It has grayish pinnate leaves, long, with lanceolate stipules. The leaves are pinnately-divided into 20 to 25 leaflets having a smooth contour. The peduncle supports a dense ovate wide raceme.
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They are erect plants, usually with long taproots. The fleshy to leathery leaves form a basal rosette at the root. The basal leaves may be different from those near the inflorescence. They may or may not have stipules.
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There are no oil glands present at the base of the leaf stipules. Flowers form from October to November on racemes. The top of the anther is rounded. Sepals have a row of hairs on the outside surface.
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The stipules are almost microscopic. The branches are also very small, about 10mm in diameter and numerous, which makes the shrub dense. The branches divaricate, growing in many directions. Furthermore, they are rigid which creates the twiggy appearance.
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Payena grandistipula is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. It grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The fruits are ovoid, up to long. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "large stipules".
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Type locale is in the mountains near the City of Xalapa.Tropicos Picramnia xalapensis is a shrub to small tree. Leaves are evergreen, thick, leathery, pinnately compound, lacking stipules. Leaves are numerous, ovate to lanceolate, gradually tapering at the tip.
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They come out of the bud downy, conduplicate; when full grown are smooth, dark yellow green above and paler beneath. In autumn they turn a clear yellow. Stipules leaf-like, caducous. ; Flowers:May, June, after the leaves are full grown.
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The leaves are simple and mostly alternate, sometimes opposite. They never possess stipules. They are flat or terete, and their shape is extremely variable, with entire or toothed margins. In some species, the leaves are reduced to minute scales.
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It is coated in glandular hairs. The leaves are generally linear in shape and measure a few centimeters long. They are accompanied by dull white lance-shaped stipules. The flowers have hairy, glandular sepals and five oval whitish petals.
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Prunus cerasoides is a tree which grows up to in height. It has glossy, ringed bark. When the tree is not in flower, it is characterised by glossy, ringed bark and long, dentate stipules. The tree flowers in autumn and winter.
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A. littoralis): habit Aristolochia is a genus of evergreen and deciduous lianas (woody vines) and herbaceous perennials. The smooth stem is erect or somewhat twining. The simple leaves are alternate and cordate, membranous, growing on leaf stalks. There are no stipules.
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Plants are usually rhizomatous. Leaves opposite, less often alternate or in some species whorled, simple in shape, with entire edges and bases connately attached to the stem. Stipules are absent. Plants usually accumulate bitter iridoid substances; bicollateral bundles are present.
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They are trees, shrubs or lianas, which may be armed or unarmed. Where they have spines, these are modified stipules. In some, prickles arise from the stem's cortex and epidermis. The leaves are bipinnate or are modified to vertically oriented phyllodes.
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The stipules are broad at the base but narrowing to a point; they are about long. The flowers are hermaphroditic with five white petals, seven stamens and seven or eight staminodes. The fruit is a fleshy drupe, long and wide.
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There are no stipules. The plants are hermaphroditic and are pollinated mostly by insects (entomophilous); flower nectaries are lacking. A few are wind pollinated (anemophilous). There is a distinct calyx and corolla, except in Macleaya where the corolla is lacking.
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The bark is grey and discharges a cream latex. The leaves are large and dark green above and lighter below. Trees are dioecious (sexes on separate trees) or sometimes monoecious. Leaves occur in two ranks; stipules are amplexicaul (enclosing the bud).
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Stipules are absent. Petioles are 3.0–4.5 mm, wrinkled, glabrous and yellowish-green. Leaf blades are elliptical with the base cuneate to rounded. Inflorescence is axillary or ramiflorous, consisting of monads or 3–flowered cymes, solitary, paired or generally in fascicles.
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A. zygomeris is a vigorous, erect, medium-sized shrub. Its stems, which are usually herbaceous, are hollow, downy and greenish. It has pinnate leaves that arise from leafy, inflated, purplish stipules. The leaves have four leaflets, which are obovate and notched.
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Many are treelets, with a single, erect trunk, but low in height. The Ochnaceae are notable for their unusual leaves. These are usually shiny, with closely spaced, parallel veins, toothed margins, and conspicuous stipules. Most of the species are buzz pollinated.
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Acacia mimula is a tree which grows up to 7 m high. Its bark is dark grey and has horizontal fissures. Its branchlets are flattened and smooth, and its stipules fall. The pulvinus is 3-4 mm long and minutely hairy.
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They grow from whitish papery stipules with two lobes and red bases. The tiny clusters of two or three flowers grow in the leaf axils. The flowers are about long, pink, green or dull white. The flowers are normally self-pollinated.
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Random House, New York. Its distinctive characteristics include a simple leaf without stipules (most rose leaves are pinnate with 3 to 7 leaflets, and have stipules), and a distinctive flower with a darker coloured central zone. In its natural habitat it is a deep-rooted weed that suckers – growing in Iranian fields for example, where it is collected for fuel once the grain crop has been harvestedPhillips R. and Rix, M., Roses, Macmillan, 1994, p19 – but it is difficult to grow in gardens and rarely cultivated. Rosa berberifolia is sometimes considered to be variety of this species, as R. persica var. berberifolia.
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The leaves of C. tenuipes are typically 2-2.5 cm (occasionally up to 3.5 cm) long, and 1.5–2 cm wide, and range in shape from ovate or elliptic-ovate to narrowly elliptic-ovate. The undersides are grayish with raised veins, and covered with short, woolly hairs which lie flatly to the surface; the uppersides are green, with slightly impressed veins, and sparsely covered with long, thin, soft, weak, hairs when young, but nearly hairless with age. Both the leaf-stems (3–5 mm long) and their stipules (2.5–5 mm long, lanceolate) are hairy, but the stipules are much less so.
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Trifolium angustifolium is an annual herb growing erect in form. The leaves are divided into narrow leaflets which are linear to lance-shaped and measure up to 4.5 centimeters long. The leaves have stipules tipped with bristles. The herbage is hairy in texture.
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The stipules are inconspicuous or absent. The flowers are axillary, solitary, stalkless and about 5-6 mm long. The calyx, too, is densely tomentose, with lobes which are narrow and which gradually taper to a fine apex, and are about 4 mm long.
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Bracteoles vary from 1.5–3 mm in length and are ovate to lanceolate in shape. They lack stipules and are ovate, acuminate, hairy and attached at the base of the calyx tube. Lobes acuminate to acute with ciliate margins, and ovaries visibly hairy.
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The stipules are ovate and 6–10 mm long. It flowers in terminal racemes, with clusters of buds enclosed on broad bracts. The calyx is silvery (from the hairs) and 4–5 mm long, with teeth which are 1–1.5 mm long.
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Fontainea subpapuana is a small dioecious tree growing to 7 m. The colour of the stem exudate is red. New shoots have dense, antrorse (upward pointing) yellow trichomes. There are no stipules and the leaves have petioles, which are swollen at the apex.
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Their leathery, evergreen leaves are simple and alternate, with smooth margins and without stipules. They are often dotted with glands and resinous cavities. The latter may take the form of secretory lines. The plants are mostly monoecious, but a few are dioecious.
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Lachemilla rupestris is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Lachemilla rupestris has lateral segments of leaves with yellow-brown membranaceuos basal stipules on it. The flowers have 2-4 carpels that are 2.5-3 mm long.
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The leaves are usually opposite, often with stipules and spines. Some are cultivated as ornamental plants, such as Guaiacum, Zygophyllum, Tribulus, and Larrea species.Zygophyllaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
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The leaves are palmately compound with 7–11 leaflets arranged radially. Their stalks are numerous, erect, striated, and slightly pubescent. The leaflets are obovate, with a blunted apex or pointed spear, and sparsely pubescent. Petioles are longer than leaflets; stipules are very small.
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Sabicea amazonensis is a twining creeper which has equal to almost equal leaves. The stipules are entire to two-toothed and less than 15 mm long. The bracts are free or almost free. The inflorescence is unbranched and sessile or almost sessile.
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The pale glossy to dull leaf blade is cm long and wide. Near the leaf margins are yellow crystal cells ("cystolites"). The two membranous, deciduous stipules are not fused, lanceolate and (rarely to ) long. Wolverton, BC (1996) How to Grow Fresh Air .
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The herbage is grayish green due to flat hairs. The leaves are up to 8 centimeters long and are compound, made up of up to 11 leaflets. There are stipules at the bases of the leaf stalks. Flowering occurs in April through July.
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The leaf underside is hispid and its sinus is cordate. The plant has long, membranous and brownish stipules; it has a yellow-green pedicellated and glabrous inflorescence. The ovoid flowers appear from May to July, they produce ovoid and urn-shaped fruits.
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The rootstock of Potamogeton robbinsii lacks tubers. The stems root from the lower nodes, and sterile stems are either simple or widely branching and are feather-like, covered with sheathing whitish stipules. The sterile stems measure long. Flowering stems grow up to tall.
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Forsskaolea angustifolia is a small shrub or perennial herb. The leaves of the plant are alternate, with dentate, prickly margins, and is densely lanate beneath, with stipules present. Its flowers are monoecious. Its inflorescences are axillary, small, and pinkish, and male flowers have one stamen.
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Members of the family Oleaceae are woody plants, mostly trees and shrubs; a few are lianas. Some of the shrubs are scandent, climbing by scrambling into other vegetation. Leaves without stipules; simple or pinnately or ternately compound. The family is characterized by opposite leaves.
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The prostrate and domed shrub typically grows to a height of . The branchlets are a scurfy white colour with inconspicuous stipules. The phyllodes are an obovate to obtriangular-obdeltate shape and mostly long and wide. The green phyllodes are glabrous or hairy on their margins.
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Neillia incisa Flora of North America It is a deciduous shrub, growing to 2.5 meters tall. It has deeply lobed leaves, with prominent stipules. It produces panicles of small white flowers in late spring and early summer. Fruits are pubescent and around 2 mm long.
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The plants size is high and in width. It has no stipules. The leaves of a plant are trifoliolate, while the leaflets are penni-veined, and could be from densely to glabrous hairy. The flower size is approximately in diameter, and are yellow-whitish coloured.
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The fruits have narrow wings, of which the nontransparent edge becomes wider at the top, and on which spikes are mounted on a broad base each. The transparent half of the edge is narrow. The top stipules are ovate, with a peaked top.N.K.A. 51.
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Its simple, entire leaves are oppositely arranged, with three leaves at branch termini. Leaf blades are elliptic, wide and long, with rounded to subobtuse apices. Leaf bases are cuneate and extend decurrently onto the petiole. They have no stipules, and their petioles are long.
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Sphenostemon is the genus of small evergreen trees or shrubs native to New Guinea, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. They have opposite or spiral leaves, and at most small stipules. The small flowers, borne in terminal inflorescences, have free (i.e. unjoined) sepals and petals.
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They may grow erect or prostrate across the ground. It is covered in sticky glandular hairs, especially in the inflorescence. The stems are lined with fleshy linear leaves, sometimes tipped with spines. The leaves are accompanied by triangular stipules up to a centimeter long each.
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The flowers are single on a short stalk in the middle of the rosette of basal leaves (Southern Hemisphere species) or in a mostly few- flowered corymb, without or with one or few mostly sessile leaflike stipules. Northern Hemisphere species have kidney to (elongated) hart-shaped leaves and stipules, with simple toothed or scalloped margins. Southern Hemisphere species between them show a variety in leafshapes. In C. appendiculata the top lobe is regularly more or less trifid, with an indent at the tip of each segment, but it is also often spoon-shaped with an entire margin with a more or less retuse tip.
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Most of the leaves appear after flowering. The stipules on both sides next to the base of the leaf stalks are linear or long triangular in shape and long. These are persistent and turn brown with age. The leaf stalks are usually , occasionally up to long.
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The leaves have persistent stipules which may aid in identification. The inflorescence is a raceme of purple flowers nearly one centimeter long. Blooming occurs in July and August. The fruit is a legume pod jointed into three or four segments, with each segment up to long.
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Calyceraceae are perennial or annual herbs. There may be a few or many branched stems that may be without hair or with soft silky hairs. The leaves may be in a rosette at the base of the stems or set alternately along the stems. Stipules are lacking.
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The leaves are simple, subopposite or in whorls of three, and elliptic with tapering base and apex (50 x 20 mm). The upper surface is usually without hairs, while the under surface has hairs. The petiole is short and stipules are absent. Inconspicuous scales cover both surfaces.
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Bombacoideae is a subfamily of the mallow family, Malvaceae. It contains herbaceous and woody plants. Their leaves are alternate, commonly palmately lobed, with small and caducous stipules. Flowers are hermaphroditic and actinomorphic; the calyx has 5 sepals united at the base, "NOT" accompanied by an epicalyx (involucel).
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Fontainea borealis is a small dioecious tree growing to 12 m. The colour of the stem exudate is unknown. New shoots have dense, antrorse (upward pointing) golden trichomes. There are no stipules and the leaves have petioles, which are swollen at both the base and apex.
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The leaflets are ovate with an asymmetrical base. The branchlets are terete and usually covered by a distinctive indumentum of long and short hairs. The stipules have membranous margins. The keel which is about 10 mm long, is not longer than the standard (or barely longer).
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The twigs are sticky with resin and have a coating of hairs. The leaves are up to 9.5 centimeters long and have hairy to woolly undersides. The leaves have a strong "balsamic" scent. The stipules and buds are very oily and will stain a pressing sheet yellow.
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They vary considerably in colour and may be bright green, dark green, yellowish, olive or brownish. There are no floating leaves. The stipules are rather delicate and usually fall off quite soon after the new leaf has unfurled. The insignificant flowers are produced between June and September.
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The branchlets are puberulous to hirsutellous with long stipules. The inflorescences are simple with one per axil. The peduncles are long, the heads are globular containing 23 to 25 flowers that are pale yellow to cream in colour. Seed pods are biconvex and shallowly constricted between seeds.
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Bossiaea halophila is a spindly shrub with flattened stems, and without glands or pustules. The alternate leaves (phylloclades) seem absent, having been reduced to scales. The stipules persist. The flowers are stalked (4-7 mm long) and the corolla is 12 to 13 mm long, and yellow.
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With standing stem(s) the leaves are lineal, with three veins, alternate, without stipules. The flowers, with 3-5 petals, are tube-shaped, and bloom in June and July. The petal tops roll in during the fruiting season. It has 5-9 stamen with distinct ovaries.
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The harsh, diffuse and intricate shrub typically grows to a height of . The terminal branchlets are sometimes coarsely spiny with long stipules. The phyllodes occur in clusters of up seven. The phyllodes have a linear to linear- oblanceolate shape with a length of and a width of .
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The leaf blade is simple, and sometimes has three pointed lobes, or rarely, five. It is thickly leathery and its margin is entire. The venation is palmate, with the secondary veins radiating from the apex of the petiole. The stipules are large and coherent; soon falling away.
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Sauropus species have alternate, entire leaves with short petioles and small stipules. Flowers appear at axils and mainly form clusters. There are 6 perianth segments divided in 2 whorls, with female flowers often having bigger perianths. At male flowers, the perianth is tube- like, with 3 stamen.
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They emerge from the bud revolute, bronze green and shining, and smooth; when full grown, they are dark green, shining above, and pale and glaucous below. In autumn, they turn bright scarlet. Petioles are long and slender, with stipules wanting. They are heavily laden with acid.
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Ficus yoponensis is a species of fig tree found in Central and South America. It can grow to heights of tall, having a trunk diameter of . The trunk is buttressed, light grey in colour and reasonably smooth. Its petioles are long, the stipules are straight and long.
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The stipules are open. There are no rhizomes or floating leaves. Abundant turions are produced along the stem, especially in autumn as the plant disintegrates. The flower spikes of blunt-leaved pondweed are rather short and dense, 4–9 mm long with 6-8 flowers in each.
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The leaf and leaflet stalks and axis may be brown and scurfy, while the leaf base is swollen and may be concave adaxially. The family members tend to be without stipules. The determinate, axillary inflorescences carry small, radial, unisexual flowers. The plants tend to be dioecious.
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Stipules are absent, but persistent; enlarged axillary bud scales (pseudostipules) are often present. Domatia occur in some genera. Dolichandrone falcata in Hyderabad, India Flowers are solitary or in inflorescences in a raceme or a helicoid or dichasial cyme. Inflorescences bear persistent or deciduous bracts or bractlets.
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Flower diagram of Geranium pratense Geraniaceae are herbs or subshrubs. The Sarcocaulon are succulent, but other members of the family generally are not. Leaves are usually lobed or otherwise divided, sometimes peltate, opposite or alternate and usually have stipules. The flowers are generally regular, or symmetrical.
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The small shrub grows to a height of around and has a decumbent habit. The terete and hairy branchlets have subulate stipules with a length of around . Like most Acacias it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The narrowly elliptic to linear shaped phyllodes are straight to slightly curved.
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Members of the genus can be deciduous or evergreen. A few species have spiny stems. The leaves are simple, alternate, usually lanceolate, unlobed, and often with nectaries on the leaf stalk along with stipules. The flowers are usually white to pink, sometimes red, with five petals and five sepals.
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There are no floating leaves. The stipules are tubular when young, but tend to split with age. Turions are produced, often in large quantities. In early autumn the entire plant disintegrates into a mass of turions, which act as a means of propagation and as an overwintering mechanism.
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Pollination by long-horned bee The narrow- leaved everlasting-pea is a perennial plant which can grow by climbing with its tendrils. Without any support it can reach about tall. The stem is floppy and flat with wide wings. The leaves are alternate with short winged stalks and stipules.
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Warea carteri is an annual herb, 0.2 to 1.5 m tall with erect green stems. The plants usually have many slender, ascending branches forming an open, rounded crown. The leaves lack stipules and are arranged alternately on the stem. Lower leaves are lost by the time the plant flowers.
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The leaves are composed of oval-shaped leaflets each about a centimetre long. At the base of each leaf are large, flat, pointed stipules. The flower is purple-tinted white and 1 to 1.5 centimetres wide. The fruit is a lobed, gland-dotted legume pod narrowed between the seeds.
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Vachellia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, commonly known as thorn trees or acacias. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. Its species were considered members of genus Acacia until 2009. Vachellia can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate inflorescences and spinescent stipules.
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Loeflingia is a genus of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae occurring in North America, Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern Asia. Plants of the genus bear bristle-like stipules, as well as axillary, sessile flowers with awned sepals and no or vestigial petals. The fruit is a three-valved capsule.
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Acacia blakelyi is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. The dense glabrous shrub or tree typically grows to a height of . The branchlets are flexuous with caducous stipules. The green phyllodes are horizontally flattened with a linear to very narrowly elliptic shape.
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Mature trees have large buttresses and grow to over tall. The compound leaves occur opposite each other and consist of three large toothed leaflets measuring . Large prominent stipules occur at the points of attachment of the leaves to the stem. New growth has showy bright red leaves and stems.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has a diffuse and multi-branched habit. The sparsely haired or glabrous branchlets have long stipules along there length. The branchlets have a rounded cross section. Like most species of Acacia the shrub has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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The leaves of Symplocaceae are generally simple and are alternate or spirally arranged. The margin is either dentate, glandular-dentate, or entire. The petioles of the leaves lack stipules at the base. The flowers of Symplocaceae appear as an inflorescence that is generally axillary but can occasionally be terminal.
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The plants often bear spines, especially those species growing in arid regions. These sometimes represent branches that have become short, hard, and pungent, though they sometimes represent leaf- stipules. Acacia armata is the kangaroo-thorn of Australia, and Acacia erioloba (syn. Acacia eriolobata) is the camelthorn of Africa.
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Flora of China.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families These are trees and shrubs producing a milky latex. Their smaller branches are coated in pale-colored, yellowish, or sometimes reddish hairs. The toothed oblong to oval leaves are alternately arranged and there are small ovate to triangular stipules.
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Tannin is present in both bark and root. Alkaloids are present in the leaves. Young leaves with stipules are eaten with palm kernels as an aphrodisiac. They are also eaten with vegetables, oil, salt, fish or meat to ease stomach ache, and are used as a topical analgesic.
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Portlandia coccinea grow as evergreen shrubs or treelets 2.5–5 m in height, with pyramidal architecture. Their branches are very thin and brittle with a pale complexion. Leaves are oval, waxy, and dark green in color. They have stipules that are usually free or narrowly connected to the base.
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The diffuse openly branched shrub typically grows to a height of . It has glabrous or sparsely haired grey coloured branchlets with long stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The phyllodes are arrnaged in whorls with six to nine phyllodes in each group.
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These scales have entire margins fringed with simple single celled hairs. The first leaves to appear when growth recommences are an intermediate series between schales and full leaves. Stipules at the base of the leaf stem are absent. The leaf stalk is stout, fleshy and about 2 cm long.
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The leaflets are narrowly lanceolate, rounded at the base, and acuminate with a slender, curved point. Stipules are narrow and not attached to the stalk, or soon falling. The pedicels are slender. Flowers small and numerous, in a compound umbel or corymb, creamy-white, 1–1.5 cm across.
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Most recently Zhang et al. (2017) recovered these relationships using whole plastid genomes: The sister relationship between Dryadoideae and Rosoideae is supported by the following shared morphological characters not found in Amygdaloideae: presence of stipules, separation of the hypanthium from the ovary, and the fruits are usually achenes.
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In the United States, members of this genus are known as colicwood. Some species, especially M. africana, are grown as ornamental shrubs. The leathery, evergreen leaves are simple and alternate, with smooth or toothed margins and without stipules. The one-seeded, indehiscent fruit is a thin-fleshed globose drupe.
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The stipel and stipules soon fall away. The inflorescence is an irregular arrangement of several spikes attached opposite a leaf. The flowers are small and green with five sepals and five petals that are nearly alike. The flower bud opens only slightly, producing a small hole in its end.
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The palmately veined leaves have a rather leathery texture, entire margins, and are often asymmetrical at the base. They have minute stipules or simply lack them. They are alternate; spiral, or distichous, or four-ranked (such as in Anisophyllea). The paired leaves may be different in size or shape.
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The slightly to prominently flexuose and glabrous branchlets have persistent stipules. The evergreen phyllodes are continuous with branchlets and form opposite wings with each one extending to the next below. Each phyllode is in length and has a width of . It produces yellow spherical inflorescences between August and December.
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The spreading viscid shrub typically grows to a height of . The shrub has a flattened crown. It has glabrous or with lines of appressed hairs, terete and resinous branchlets with persistent stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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The leaves are made up of toothed oval leaflets and have bristle-tipped stipules. The inflorescence is a head of flowers 1 or 2 centimeters wide, the flowers often spreading out or drooping. The flower has a calyx of bristle-like sepals lined with hairs and a pinkish or purplish corolla.
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Trifolium oliganthum is an annual herb growing upright in form. The leaves are made up of variously- shaped leaflets measuring 1 to 2 centimeters in length, and toothed stipules. The inflorescence is a head of flowers no more than a centimeter wide. At its base is a fused involucre of bracts.
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They may be sessile or petiolate. Stipules are absent. New plants often form easily from vegetative parts that fall off the parent plant. Reproductive: The inflorescence is usually terminal to lateral with many-flowered thyrses of cymes, less commonly spikes, racemes or panicles, rarely few to single flowered and axillary.
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Alsike clover is a perennial plant with a semi- erect, sparsely branched, grooved stem, hairy in its upper regions. The leaves are alternate and stalked with small stipules. The leaves have three blunt- tipped ovate, unspotted leaflets with finely toothed margins. The inflorescence has a long stalk and is densely globose.
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Several hair types occur on plants of Loganiaceae, including multicellular secretory colleters shown here in cross-section (C, D, H). Colleters are plant structures, multicellular secretory hairs, found in groups near the base of petioles, on stipules, and on sepals. They are found in members of the Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae families.
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Petioles of opposite leaves fuse at the base to form interpetiolar stipules, characteristic of Rubiaceae. The flowers are axillary, and clusters of fragrant white flowers bloom simultaneously. Gynoecium consists of an inferior ovary, also characteristic of Rubiaceae. The flowers are followed by oval berries of about 1.5 cm (0.6 in).
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The shrub is high and wide and is pale yellow in colour. Its stems are erect and terete while its stipules are triangular and are in height. Its petioles are long with obovate to obcordate leaflets. Flowers are scattered 6-10 racemes and are long with axillar peduncles which are .
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Parnassiaceae are rhizomatous perennial herbs (Parnassia) or winter annuals without a rhizome (Lepuropetalon). The youngest part of the stem has three collateral vascular bundles. On the stems, leaves, and flowers, the epidermis has sacs filled with tannin. The leaves are alternate or subopposite, without stipules, and the margins are entire.
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The radical leaves have a long petiole, whilst the leaves on the flowering stalks are usually sessile or with short petioles. The glossy leaves are alternate, ternate, consisting of three obovate leaflets with serrated margins. The paired stipules are leaflike and palmately lobed. There are 2–8 dry, inedible fruits.
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Halimione pedunculata, the pedunculate sea-purslane, is an annual plant occurring on salty sandy grounds along the seashore. It grows with a standing herbaceous stem up to 30 cm high. The leaves are long and spade shaped. The stipules are triangle shaped to oppositely heart shaped, without spikes, with long petioles.
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This is a mostly erect perennial herb with a leafy, often hairy and glandular form. Its slender branches are lined with leaves each made of several leaflets up to 2 centimeters long. The leaves sometimes have prominent stipules. The inflorescence is a compact array of up to 9 pink flowers.
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The "whorled" leaves of the herbaceous tribe Rubieae have classically been interpreted as true leaves plus interpetiolar leaf-like stipules. The inflorescence is a cyme, rarely of solitary flowers (e.g. Rothmannia), and is either terminal or axillary and paired at the nodes. The flowers are usually bisexual and usually epigynous.
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Coprosma lucida, commonly known in Māori as karamū, and also known as shiny karamu, is a shrub native to New Zealand. The shrub is found throughout the North and South Island. Coprosma lucida has stipules that narrow to a small green point, while the similar C. robusta has black leaf tips.
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Their leaves are borne in dense, evergreen rosettes. They are entire, have short petioles and lack stipules. They have a single wax-secreting trichome in the epidermal pits and glands on the abaxial surface. The flowers are small with a basally connate corolla, that are imbricate or rolled up lengthwise.
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The roots are green, fleshy and flattened, spreading finger-like over the surface of the rock to provide anchorage. The stems are closely packed together, being apart. The leaves have basal sheaths and boat-shaped leaf bases which extend into stipules. The petioles are slender and the leaf blades linear.
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Dichrostachys cinerea in flower Dichrostachys is an Old World genus of legumes in the family Fabaceae. Their Acacia-like leaves are bi-pinnately compound. Unlike Acacia their thorns are hardened branchlets rather than modified stipules. They are native from Africa to Australasia, but a centre of diversity is present in Madagascar.
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Leaves in Hyderabad, India. The bark of the bayur tree is grey in color and is considered to be fairly soft. Small twigs and new growth can sometimes seem feathery and are commonly more of a rusty-brown color. The leaves of the tree are palmately ribbed and have stipules.
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Castilla species are monoecious or dioecious trees up to 40 meters tall, with buttressed trunks and abundant white latex of commercial value. The branchlets have scars left by the fallen stipules. The leaves are oblong to elliptic, with entire margins. The inflorescences are surrounded by bracts and have small flowers.
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Flowers are bisexual but sometimes also unisexual and pistillate. Flowers are hypogynous, have 5 sepals that are distinct and green in color and lanceolate to ovate in shape and 2.5-4.5 mm long. Typically with no stipules. The flowers have 5 petals that are white to soft pink in color and are clawed.
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Species are herbaceous perennials (rarely annual or biennial), sometimes succulent or xerophytic, often with perennating rhizomes. The leaves are usually basally aggregated in alternate rosettes, sometimes on inflorescence stems. They are usually simple, rarely pinnately or palmately compound. Their margins may be entire, deeply lobed, cleft, crenate or dentate and petiolate with stipules.
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The vine is glabrous. The stems are terete and glaucous. Stipules are 10-19 × 10-20mm, depressed ovate, auriculate, clasping, widely obtuse, abruptly acute and apiculate-mucronlate to abruptly long- acuminate, and the margin entire to obscurely crenulate and 8-15 glandular. Petioles are (1-)2- glandular near or proximal to the middle.
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Stipules of terminal buds eventually leave annular scars. The glossy and very dark elliptic leaves have a prominent driptip, and measure up to 14 cm long. They are glossy below, and have two small lobes at the base. The flowers appear in spring and are arranged in a whitish to mauve puff.
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The erect shrub typically grows to a height of . It has stems are covered in long and soft hairs that are around in length. The long spreading and yellowish stipules on the stems and branchlets are covered in bristly hairs. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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The intricate and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has spinose and glabrous branchlets that are rigid and striate-ribbed and caducous stipules. The sessile and patent, rigid, green phyllodes have an inequilaterally triangular-lanceolate to semi-trullate shape. The phyllodes have a length of and a width of .
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Leaves are 5 to 14 cm long and 7 to 28 mm wide with a fine point, though rarely seen with a rounded end. The base of the leaf becomes thin near the leaf stem, which measures 6 to 20 mm long. Leaf edges may be finely toothed, or smooth. Leaves lack stipules.
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Viola stipularis at Guadeloupe. Herb 20–30 cm tall, spreading by creeping rhizomes. Petioles up to 8 mm long, surrounded by fringed triangular stipules up to 2 cm long. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic,up to 9.5 cm long and 3.4 cm wide, margin serrate or crenate, sometimes dentate, apex acuminate, base cuneate.
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Sidalcea stipularis is a rhizomatous perennial herb, producing a bristle-haired stem up to 65 centimeters tall. The leaves have oval, unlobed blades on petioles and are evenly spaced along the stem. Each is accompanied by short stipules. The inflorescence is a headlike cluster of flowers with a cuplike skirt of hairy bracts.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of . It is glabrous branchlets has caducous stipules and can have minute hairs often found within the phyllode axils. The green to green phyllodes have a linear to oblanceolate shape and are straight to incurved. The phyllodes have a length of and a width of .
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The low spreading shrub typically grows to a height of and a width of . It has hairy, slender, dark grey coloured branchlets with setaceous recurved stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The glabrous, dark green phyllodes are crowded on the branchlets.
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Their lower surface is pale green or green, while the upper surface is a glossy green (with no covering, no domatia, and no stipules). The inflorescence is axillary. The flowers are stalked and bisexual, stalked, with five axes of symmetry. They are 7.0-9.0 mm long with a diameter of up to10 mm.
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Rarely are they branched or scale-like. Thorns and other armament are rare. Stipules are produced with each leaf, but in some, these fall before the leaf is fully mature. Leaves are present, except for a few species of Phyllanthus that have flattened, leaflike stems called cladodes that bear flowers along their edges.
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Passiflora tarminiana is a high climbing vine with hairy stems and petioles. Where the petioles join the stem it has stipules which are 4–7 by 2–3 mm and are soon deciduous. The leaves are three-lobed and hairy below but usually hairless above. The flowers are solitary and hang downwards.
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Salix serpillifolia, also known as thyme-leaved willow, can reach a height of and a length of about . This plant develop woody, dark brown, longitudinally striated, creeping stems. The leaves are tiny, simple, subsessile, spathulate to obovate, without stipules. The upper side is glabrous, glossy dark green covered with a thin waxy layer.
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Koenigia phytolaccifolia is a perennial herb up to tall. The lance-shaped or pointed oval leaves are 10 to 20 centimeters long and borne on petioles. The leaves have large stipules which form reddish ochrea up to long. The inflorescence is a long array of branching cluster of many white or greenish flowers.
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The stem bears conspicuous and prominent round scars of petioles, inflorescences and stipules in a spiral pattern. Branches nearly as thick as the stem, up to 1–1.5 cm thick and up to 15 cm tall, with pronounced markings of leaf-, inflorescence- and stipule-scars. Leaves alternate, crowded at the top of stems and branches; stipules subulate from a broad base, 1–2 mm long, mostly long persistent; petiole 1–3.6 cm long, puberulous; blade lanceolate to ovate, obovate or elliptic, 1.8–18 x 1–2.5 cm, cuneate to rounded at the base, rounded, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, with entire, crenulate, crisp or denticulate margins, scabridulous above, sparsely puberulous below. Flower structures grayish or green (or orange/pinkish).
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Trifolium beckwithii is a perennial herb growing upright in form. Most of the leaves are basal, except for one pair growing higher on the stem. The leaf is made up of oval leaflets up to 4 centimeters long and the stipules are large. The inflorescence is a head of flowers 2 to 3 centimeters wide.
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The leaves with typical stipules belonging to the sub-genus Platanus are very common in Palaeocene formations (60 M years ago). It is thought that the only modern genus, Platanus, is a relict that can be considered a living fossil. It must have been polyploidy, during its evolution judging by the size of its stomata.
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Leaves emerge curled slightly and folded in half lengthwise. Leaves have stipules which are widened into membranous ochrea wrapped around the leaf bases. Flowers occur in clusters in upper leaf axils. Each is just under a centimeter wide and has five rounded petals, either white with a green stripe or pink with a dark stripe.
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The false stipules are large and fimbriaceous. The inflorescence is axillary and branched, flowers are short-lived, lasting 3–4 days. Petals are reddish- purple, ± 14 mm long and with a green edge. The flowers are unusually large for the subfamily Periplocoideae, and have a malodorous fruity scent which grows as the day progresses.
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Leaves are alternate, two-ranked, simple, pinnately veined, and have leaf stalks. Stipules absent. ; Flowers: Flower stalks are axillary to (on the opposite side of shoot from) leaf scars on old wood and sometimes from leaves on new shoots. The flowers are usually trimerous; borne singly or in compound inflorescences; bisexual and rarely unisexual.
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Trifolium medium, the zigzag clover, is a flowering plant species in the bean family Fabaceae. It is similar in appearance to red clover, Trifolium pratense, but the leaflets are narrower and have no white markings and the narrow stipules are not bristle-pointed. The species is native to Europe from Britain to the Caucasus.
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Polygonum californicum is an annual herb producing a slender, angled stem which grows erect to a maximum height near 40 centimeters. The narrow, pointed leaves are mostly located on upper branches of the stem. The leaves have fringed, bristle-tipped stipules attached to their bases. Solitary white or pink flowers occur in upper leaf axils.
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The plant is only about a centimeter wide and somewhat spherical in shape. It is a tiny patch of bristle-tipped green leaves a few millimeters in length with oval-shaped stipules. The single flower occurring in each leaf axil has no petals but white, rough-textured, awn-tipped sepals clustered around the leaves.
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The diffuse, spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . The branchlets are covered with densely matted woolly velvety yellow hairs that area about in length and also have long stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The phyllodes occur in whorls containing 12 to 15 individual phyllodes.
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The open and wispy shrub typically grows to a height of . It has slender branchlets with spinose stipules that are that are not common on mature plants. The linear evergreen phyllodes have a length of and a width of with a single prominent nerve. It blooms from August to September and produces cream flowers.
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The rounded and prickly shrub typically grows to a height of . It has spiny glabrous branchlets with caducous stipules. The pungent, rigid and green phyllodes are patent to ascending The phyllodes has a length of and a width of around with an indistinct midrib. It blooms from June to September and produces yellow flowers.
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The diffuse and multi-branched shrub typically grows to a height of . The glabrous branchlets have minute stipules and tend to be a red-brown colour at the extremities and age to a light-grey colour. The sessile acicular phyllodes have a length of and are around . It blooms from August and produces yellow flowers.
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Acacia bracteolata is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae endemic to Western Australia. The spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . The branchlets are hairy to villous and have long stipules. The asymmetric phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate shape with a length of and a width of .
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Connaraceae are typically evergreen trees, shrubs or climbers. Connarus is represented by species in all three lifeforms, while Rourea species are climbers. Their leaves are pinnate, trifoliate or rarely entire, alternate, without stipules and with a pulvinus at the base of the petiole. Connarus guianensis is economically important for its decorative wood, zebra wood.
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Inga alba can grow up to 40 m in height. It has red bark and 4 to 5 leaf pairs (occasionally 3 or 6 pairs), with the distal pair 6.1–10 cm long and 2.5—7.7 cm wide. The rachis is 5—13.5 cm long and wingless. The glands are cone-shaped, the stipules obsolete.
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Lathyrus vernus is a perennial plant with an upright stem without wings. The stem grows to and is erect and nearly hairless. The leaves are alternate with short stalks and large, wide stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with two to four pairs of ovate tapering leaflets with blunt tips, entire margins and no tendrils.
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The leaves are heart shaped and up to 10cm long with a crenate leaf margin. At the base of each leaf is a pair of stipules. It is a monoecious plant meaning that it has separate male and female flowers on the same plant. The male and female flowers are aggregated into axillary clusters.
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Cienfuegosia is a genus of plants, in the family Malvaceae and placed in the tribe Gossypieae. Species can be found in central and south America, Africa including the Arabian peninsula. They are typically herbs with woody rootstocks, or small shrubs, usually with conspicuous glands. Leaves lobed or unlobed; stipules minute to large and leafy.
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Jungia schueraeis a branching shrub up to 2.5 m tall. Leaves are without stipules; blades are round to heart-shaped in general outline, up to 10 cm long and 11 cm wide, with 5–7 palmate lobes. Flower heads are born in a dense paniculate array. Each head contains 17–25 pale yellow flowers.
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Cladistics 10(2):175-206. It is distinguished by having no latex or stipules and by having heterostylous flowers with yellow to white corollas and superior ovaries. In 2014, a molecular phylogenetic study of the lamiids (aka Garryidae) resolved Gelsemiaceae as sister to the anomalous genus Pteleocarpa.Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez and Richard G. Olmstead. 2014.
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They are lanceolate or obovate, with a light middle veins. There are sloping stipules present. The leaves and flowers are also edible.JTA Oliveira, IM Vasconcelos, LCNM Bezerra, SB Silveira, ACO Monteiro, RA Moreira (2000) Composition and nutritional properties of seeds from Pachira aquatica Aubl, Sterculia striata St Hil et alud and Terminalia catappa Linn.
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The leaves do not have stipules, but there may be a pair of glands at base of leafstalks and flowerstalks. The leaf may be seated or have a leafstalk. The leaf blade is usually simple, entire or dissected, rarely trifoliolate or pinnately compound. A leaf rosette at the base may be present or absent.
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The Ericaceae contain a morphologically diverse range of taxa, including herbs, dwarf shrubs, shrubs, and trees. Their leaves are usually evergreen, alternate or whorled, simple and without stipules. Their flowers are hermaphrodite and show considerable variability. The petals are often fused (sympetalous) with shapes ranging from narrowly tubular to funnelform or widely urn-shaped.
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There are stipules at their base which are fused into a sheath surrounding the stem. The petioles are broadly winged. The inflorescence is a spike. The plant blooms from late spring into autumn, producing tall, erect, unbranched and hairless stems ending in single terminal racemes that are club-like spikes, long, of rose-pink flowers.
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Crossopetalum taxa are shrubs or trees, with opposite or whorled persistent leaves with petiole and stipules. Inflorescences are axillary, regrouping white, pale green, reddish, or purplish radially symmetric flowers, with four sepals, four petals, and a four-carpellate pistil. Intrastaminal nectaries are annular and fleshy. Fruits are red drupes, with one-two seeds per fruit.
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This can help distinguish C. rhipidophylla from C. monogyna which has irregularly serrated lobe margins, with more or less coarse teeth. The basal lobes of flowering shoots leaf blades each have 6-25 teeth. Their stipules also are serrate or serrate-denticulate. Inflorescences are corymbs, 3-4.5 cm long, of 5-15 lax white flowers.
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Acacia consanguinea is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves that is endemism to south western Australia. The spreading broom- like shrub typically grows to a height of . It has terete and nervless ash grey coloured branchlets with caducous stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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Ficus yoponensis is pollinated by the fig wasp Tetrapus ecuadoranus: 58% of figs are fertilised by only one female. The fruits and leaves of F. yoponensis are eaten by several species. The fruits are eaten by bats, which then disperse their seeds. The stipules and fruits are collected by the leaf cutter ant, Atta colombica.
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Hibiscus cravenii is a shrub in the family Malvaceae, growing to a height of 3 m. Its branchlets with are densely hairy with stellate hairs 0.2–0.8 mm long. The leaves, the epicalyx and the calyx are also densely hairy with stellate hairs. The stipules fall off (are deciduous), and of length 4–6 mm.
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The leaf stipules are caducous (drop early). Leaves have 10-12 lateral veins per side (with some smaller ones intermixed), which are tiny and superficial above and more distinct, but still barely visible. The petiole is very large, long, and tumescent (swollen) from the middle up. Flowers grow on the branches on short cymes and a thin calyx.
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Trifolium barbigerum is an annual herb growing decumbent to erect in form and hairy to hairless in texture. The leaves are divided into oval leaflets up to 2.5 centimeters long, sometimes having notches at the tips. The stipules on the leaves are large and variable in shape. The inflorescence is a head of flowers up to 2.5 centimeters wide.
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Trifolium microcephalum is an annual herb taking a decumbent or erect form. It is coated in hairs. The leaves are made up of oval leaflets with notched tips, each measuring up to 2 centimeters long, and bristle-tipped stipules. The inflorescence is a head of flowers borne in a bowl-like involucre of wide, hairy bracts.
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Genetica 85:2 153-61, It is a hairy annual herb growing erect in form. The leaves have oval leaflets up to 2.5 centimeters long and bristle- tipped stipules. The inflorescence is a head of flowers about 1.5 centimeters wide. Each flower has a calyx of sepals with long, needlelike lobes that may harden into bristles with age.
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It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules. Vigna is also commonly confused with the genus Dolichos, but the two differ in stigma structure.
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The stipules are 4 to 17 cm long. The submerged grass-like structures are called phyllodes, are actually modified leaf stalks. The stems are cylindrical, without many branches, and grow from 1 to 2 metres. The main difference between this species and other pondweeds is a discoloured flexible joint just below the top of the long leaf stalk.
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The prostrate stems are long, each bearing two reniform leaves with long petioles. The leaves are about 10 cm wide. The upper surface of the leaves is shiny, and they have a pepper-like taste and smell. There are also 2 to 3 stipules present that occur in two rows opposite each other on the stem.
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Many species have leaves with structures that attract ants which protect the plant from herbivore insects (a form of mutualism). Extrafloral nectaries are common among the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae, and are also found in some Faboideae (e.g. Vicia sativa). In some Acacia, the modified hollow stipules are inhabited by ants and are known as domatia.
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Stipules may be conspicuous (e.g. beans and roses), soon falling or otherwise not obvious as in Moraceae or absent altogether as in the Magnoliaceae. A petiole may be absent (apetiolate), or the blade may not be laminar (flattened). The tremendous variety shown in leaf structure (anatomy) from species to species is presented in detail below under morphology.
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Abrophyllum ornans in Engler & Prantl Shrubs or small trees to 8 m high; leaves simple, mostly 10–20 cm long, 3–8 cm wide, alternate, large, lanceolate, long-acuminate, subserrate; without stipules, petiole 20–40 mm long. Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes, yellowish. Calyx is short (c. 2 mm long.), tubular, lobes usually 5 or sometimes 6, deciduous.
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Polyscias aemiliguineae is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to Réunion. It is a shrub or tree, evergreen, hermaphroditic, andromonoecious or dioecious, unarmed, often glabrous, some with sharply aromatic herbage . Leaves 1-5-pinnately compound, margins entire to crenate or serrate; stipules sometimes intrapetiolar and adnate to inside of petiole or absent.
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Lesser celandine is a hairless perennial, with spirally-arranged cordate dark-green leaves without stipules. It produces actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) flowers with 3 sepaloid tepals and 7 to 12 glossy yellow petaloid tepals. Double flowered varieties also occur. The stamens and carpels are numerous, and the fruit is a single-seeded achene with a very short style.
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Strong shoots from the base will bear large stipules, and broad, winged petioles, very different from those on ordinary shoots. Farrer summarized the plant as a "noble bush with ample flannely foliage", however Bean noted that it is probably the cooler, damper UK climate which prevents the shrub from making the striking display that so impressed Farrer in China.
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The roots of S. aucuparia grow wide and deep, and the plant is capable of root sprouting and can regenerate after coppicing. The compound leaves are pinnate with 4 to 9 pairs of leaflets on either side of a terete central vein and with a terminal leaflet. There are paired leaf-like stipules at the base of the petiole.
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Stems 5–10 cm, erect to ascending, slender, many, arising from the base, purplish-brown, glabrous. Leaves 5-15 x 3-5 somewhat thick, obovate to spathulate, basal leaves forming a rosette, cauline apparently whorled at the nodes, at the point of branching. Stipules lanceolate, lacerate, acuminate. Flowers sessile in dense, terminal spikes with long peduncles.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has an erect or weeping or spreading habit. The puberulous branchlets have stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes appear crowded and are mostly ascending to erect with an asymmetrically ovate to elliptic shape.
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The slightly viscid shrub typically grows to a height of and has an erect habit with many branches. The densely woolly yellow to white haired branchlets have setose stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes occur in crowded whorls of 9 to 15.
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The species is tall and have 3–8 pairs of leaflets which are elliptic, obovate, sessile, and are by . The leaves are long with membranous and brown coloured stipules. Flowers are as tall as while the sepals are ovate and the apex is acute. It petals are yellow in colour and are obovate with rounded apex.
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The multi-stemmed spreading and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . The puberulous to pubescent branchlets have linear-triangular shaped stipules with a length of . The rigid, green, flat and linear phyllodes have a length of and a width of also have a pungent apex. The phyllodes have five nerves and a prominently raised midrib.
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The leaf stalk is short and closely surrounded by papery stipules on each node. The stem nodes are slightly swollen and look somewhat like "knots", thus its common name, knotweed. Flowers, with colors ranging from white to green, are inconspicuous, have no petals, and grow all along the stems. The sepals, however, are pinkish with white edges.
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There are two deciduous stipules at the base of the leaves. The leaves are about 3–8 cm long and 2–4 cm wide, and the leaflets are 0.6–1.6 cm long and 0.6–1.0 cm wide and toothed. The foliage tends to be sparse and spread out. The flowers are hermaphrodite, small, white and clustered in racemes.
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The leaves are usually 3-lobed usually with a slightly hairy undersurface; 6–12 cm long; with petioles mostly 1.5–4 cm long, with 2 glands at the apex. Stipules are linear, mostly 1–3 mm long. The flowers are 6 cm wide and yellow to orange. The following green berry is 50 mm long with pale spots.
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The Hamamelidaceae are distinguishable from other families in the Saxifragales due to the range of floral characteristics that are generally uniform though all genera. Uniform characteristics include stipules borne on stems with leaves often 2-ranked. Genera usually have a two carpel gynoecium, although some species show variation. Other characteristics include a multicellular stigma, with shallow papillae or ridges.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has a bushy, rounded and spreading habit. The glabrous branchlets are angled or flattened towards apices and have long stipules. It has smooth or finely fissured bark that is a dark greyish brown colour. It has glabrous green phyllodes with an oblanceolate or sometimes narrowly oblong- elliptic shape.
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Hypericum maculatum is a hairless perennial herbaceous plant growing to about 60cm. The stem is square in cross section, but without the wings shown in H. tetrapterum. The leaves are simple, entire (undivided) and in opposite pairs, without stipules and have few or no translucent glands. There may be black dots on the leaves, petals and sepals.
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In North America it could be confused with P. richardsonii, but the latter has stipules that disintegrate to persistent fibres even on the lower part of the stem, whereas those of P. perfoliatus disintegrate entirely. However, perfoliate pondweed regularly hybridises with other Potamogeton species including P. crispus (P. × cooperi (Fryer) Fryer), P. gramineus (P. × nitens Weber), P.lucens (P.
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Lathyrus niger is a perennial plant with erect, self- supporting stems that grow to . The stems are branched and unwinged and nearly hairless. The leaves are alternate with short winged stalks and narrow stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with four to eight pairs of narrow elliptical leaflets with sharp tips, entire margins and no tendrils.
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Ailanthus triphysa leaves with larva of Eligma narcissus moth. Young larvae skeletonise leaflets, while older larvae are defoliators. Stem: Bark greyish, lenticellate; blaze yellow with red speckles. Leaves: Leaf bearing twigs 1 cm or more in diameter. Stipules very small Leaflet blades falcate, about 5-12 x 0.9–2 cm, very unequal-sided particularly at the base.
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It is lined with slightly fleshy linear or threadlike leaves each under 2 centimeters long. The leaves may be tipped with hard points or spines, and they are accompanied by shiny white lance-shaped stipules. Flowers occur in the leaf axils and at the tips of the stems. They have hairy, glandular sepals and five round-oval pink petals.
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It grows as a procumbent or spreading shrub typically growing to a height of in height. The stems can be glabrous or have small erect hairs present and with linear stipules that are long. The phyllodes occur in grouped whorls with six to ten present in each group. Each flattened or slightly recurved phyllode is around in length.
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Drosera meristocaulis produces small clumps of rosettes with red, spathulate leaves 5 to 12 mm long, which are interspersed with 10 mm long silver stipules. The rosettes of living leaves are borne on a short, branching stem covered in the persistent dead leaves of past years.McPherson, S. 2008. Glistening Carnivores: The Sticky-leaved Insect-eating Plants.
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It is a climbing shrub, having very long slender, spiked inflorescences with very small pentamerous flowers with short thick club-shaped (clavate) styles. The leathery elliptic leaves (16 cm by 5 cm) are on stems (5-8 mm). The scarcely joined stipules are 1.3 cm long and about 5 mm at the base. The calyx is 1 mm long.
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Unlike others in the Alphitonia group, it thrives in low light situations and is not as often seen in high light environments as in rainforest margins. Leaves form with large stipules, 5 mm by 1 mm long, and fall off in the later stages of leaf development. Leaf stems are grooved or channeled on the upper side.
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An individual R. nobile is a conical tower of delicate, straw-coloured, shining, translucent, regularly overlapping bracts; the higher ones have pink edges. Large, glossy, green radicle leaves, with red petioles and nerves, form a broad base to the plant. Turning up the bracts reveals membranous, fragile, pink stipules. Within these are short branched panicles of diminutive green flowers.
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The dome shaped shrub typically grows to a height of . It has decumbent and hairy branchlets with persistent, setaceous and recurved stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The crowded and grey-green and glabrous phyllodes are found on raised stem-projections and are patent to erect.
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The spreading pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . The branchlets are covered in small curved hairs and have scarious triangular stipules that are around in length. The evergreen rigid and pungent phyllodes are quadrangular in section with a length of and a width of around . It blooms from September to December and produces yellow flowers.
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The dense shrub or tree typically grows to a height of . It has glabrous and flexuose branchlets with caducous light-brown stipules with a length of . The smooth, fleshy, green phyllodes are terete to subterete with a length of and a width of and are slightly incurved at apex. It blooms from August to October and produces yellow flowers.
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Arundina graminifolia is a terrestrial, perennial orchid with reedy stems, forming into large clumps growing to a height between 70 cm and 2 m. The plaited linear leaves are oblong lanceolate, with a length of 9 to 19 cm and a width of 0.8 to 1.5 cm. The apex is acuminate. There are amplexicaul (clasping the stem) sheathing stipules.
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The compact or sprawling shrub typically grows to a height of and a width of up to . It has reddish to orange coloured branches with branchlets that are densely covered in fine hairs and setaceous stipules that are in length. 2.5–3.5 mm long. The rigid green phyllodes have inequilaterally lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate shape that is sometimes linear.
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The diffuse, straggly and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has spiny branchlets that are covered in small woolly hairs with caducous stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The rigid and pungent, patent to erect phyllodes are in length and and have one to three nerves per face.
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Like most monocots, orchids generally have simple leaves with parallel veins, although some Vanilloideae have reticulate venation. Leaves may be ovate, lanceolate, or orbiculate, and very variable in size on the individual plant. Their characteristics are often diagnostic. They are normally alternate on the stem, often folded lengthwise along the centre ("plicate"), and have no stipules.
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The erect shrub has green phyllodes that are long and wide. The terete and slightly hairy banchlets have persistent stipules with a length of . The patent, oblong phyllodes have a subquadrate or oblong-elliptic shape that is asymmetric. The pungent rigid phyllodes are in length and have a width of with three to four distinct veins.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has a dense and intricate habit. It has glabrous with persistent and spinose stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, sessile phyllodes that are usually continuous with the branchlets have a length of and a diameter of .
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Lilium, Fritillaria), cauline (arranged along the aerial stem) or sheathed in a basal rosette. They are rarely petiolate (stem attached before apex), and lack stipules. The aerial stem is unbranched. ; Genome : The Liliaceae include the species with the largest genome size within the angiosperms, Fritillaria assyriaca (1C=127.4 pg), while Tricyrtis macropoda is as small as 4.25 pg.
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Lathyrus tuberosus is a perennial plant with edible tubers long attached to its roots. The stem grows to and is sprawling, wingless and nearly hairless. The leaves are alternate with short stalks and narrow stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with a single pair of broad lanceolate leaflets with blunt tips, entire margins and a terminal tendril.
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The upper side of the leaf is moderately shiny while the bottom has very fine nerves with stipules that are deciduous. This plant has both flowers and fruit. The flowers are a very bright yellow during the dry season, which is from February through March. Flowers are arranged either upright or in pendulous racemes ranging from 30–50 cm.
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The subpersistent stipules, clustered at the flushing stem, are linear or are lanceolate with an acuminate tip. The young leaves are very chartaceous, and turn blackish-green when dry, with the pellucid brown streaks and dots clearly visible at low magnification. Tertiary leaf veins are finely reticulate, while the stem is purplish-grey with conspicuous lenticels, white in colour.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has an open broom-like habit. It has glabrous, striated, terete green branchlets that have prominent yellow ribbing with narrowly triangular stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The few evergreen phyllodes are distantly spaced and continuous with the branches.
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The stipules are large as well, often over a centimeter wide. The plant produces an inflorescence of up to 12 pea flowers usually arranged in a line along one side of the stem. The flowers are up to 2 centimeters wide and are a variety of shades of purple. The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod containing peas.
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Bossiaea stephensonii grows up to 1 m high, and is mostly glabrous but sometimes the young growth has long, fine hairs. The stems are flat. The leaves are alternate and 1-foliolate with the lamina being elliptic to oblong, and 10–20 mm long. The leaf apex is pointed and recurved, and the stipules are narrow and triangular.
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Long-stalked pondweed is relatively easy to identify. It could be confused with narrow-leaved forms of Potamogeton perfoliatus, but the persistent stipules, leaves only partially clasping the stem, larger fruits and (usually) zigzag pattern of the stem are distinctive. Hybrids may be more difficult to identify but usually show various features of the other parent.
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Leaves are made up of several leaflets of various shapes up to 4 or 5 centimeters long. The leaves usually bear coiling tendrils and the stipules may be large or small. The inflorescence is a showy array of up to 15 pea flowers, sometimes densely packed together, and usually some shade of light to medium purple or white.
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Swamp smartweed, renouée faux-poivre-d'eau In general, Persicaria hydropiperoides is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing upright or erect and approaching a maximum height of one meter (40 inches). Roots may emerge from nodes on the lower stem. The bristly lance-shaped leaves are around 10 centimeters (4 inches) long. The leaves have sheathing stipules known as ochrea.
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Lathyrus linifolius is a perennial plant with dark-coloured tubers attached to the roots. The stem grows to and is erect, winged and nearly hairless. The leaves are alternate with short winged stalks and large stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with two to four pairs of narrow lanceolate leaflets with blunt tips, entire margins and no tendrils.
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The surface is either smooth or sparsely covered in rough hairs with a network of prominent raised veins. The leaf underside has curled or wrinkled brownish hairs completely covering the leaf blade. The leaf stipules are narrowly egg-shaped, generally hairy and long. The sessile inflorescence consists of 1 or 2 mauve flowers on a stalk long.
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The fig fruit is an enclosed inflorescence, sometimes referred to as a syconium, an urn-like structure lined on the inside with the fig's tiny flowers. The unique fig pollination system, involving tiny, highly specific wasps, known as fig wasps that enter via ostiole these subclosed inflorescences to both pollinate and lay their own eggs, has been a constant source of inspiration and wonder to biologists. Finally, three vegetative traits together are unique to figs. All figs possess a white to yellowish latex, some in copious quantities; the twig has paired stipules or a circular stipule scar if the stipules have fallen off; and the lateral veins at the base of the leaf are steep, forming a tighter angle with the midrib than the other lateral veins, a feature referred to as "triveined".
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Tall trees, without any spines, prickles or thorns; with large opposite leaves of almost leathery texture, smooth or hairy. Presence of interpetiolar stipules, triangle-shaped. The large flowers are arranged in terminal cymes; the calyx is tubular, while the corolla can be trumpet-shaped or short-cylindrical, with 5-6 lobes. The stamens are located at the top of the corolla.
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This erect or prostrate annual herb can grow up to long with a solid, hairy stem that produces an abundant white latex. There are stipules present. The leaves are simple, elliptical, hairy (on both upper and lower surfaces but particularly on the veins on the lower leaf surface), with a finely dentate margin. Leaves occur in opposite pairs on the stem.
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Each leaf base has stipules which are fused into a stem-enclosing sheath that is loose and fringed at the upper end. The inflorescence is a nodding spike. The perianth of each tiny flower consists of four or five segments, united near its green base and white or pink at the edges. There are six stamens, three fused carpels and three styles.
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Stipules are either present or absent. Flowers are solitary, bisexual, radial, with a long pedicel and usually floating or raised above the surface of the water, with girdling vascular bundles in receptacle. Female and male parts of the flower are active at different times usually, to facilitate cross-pollination. Sepals are 4-12, distinct to connate, imbricate, and often petal-like.
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A small, spreading tree, M. triloba grows to a height of about . The trunk is a light greyish-brown with smooth bark, and the twigs and shoots are largely devoid of hairs. The leaves are tri-lobed and peltate, with toothed margins. Each leaf has two erect, leathery stipules that are ovate, slightly recurved and do not encircle the stem.
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Plants sometimes take active steps to reduce herbivory. Macaranga triloba for example has adapted its thin-walled stems to create ideal housing for an ant Crematogaster spp., which, in turn, protects the plant from herbivores. In addition to providing housing, the plant also provides the ant with its exclusive food source in the form of food bodies located on the leaf stipules.
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Structures located there are called "axillary". External leaf characteristics, such as shape, margin, hairs, the petiole, and the presence of stipules and glands, are frequently important for identifying plants to family, genus or species levels, and botanists have developed a rich terminology for describing leaf characteristics. Leaves almost always have determinate growth. They grow to a specific pattern and shape and then stop.
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The leaves are trifoliate (rarely quatrefoiled; see four-leaf clover), cinquefoil, or septfoil, with stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk, and heads or dense spikes of small red, purple, white, or yellow flowers; the small, few-seeded pods are enclosed in the calyx. Other closely related genera often called clovers include Melilotus (sweet clover) and Medicago (alfalfa or Calvary clover).
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They are round or oval-shaped and have triangular stipules at the bases. What looks like a single flower is actually an inflorescence of many staminate (male) flowers united around a single central pistillate (female) flower. Bracts surrounding the flower unit are white and petal-like. The fruit is a thin spherical capsule less than 2 millimeters wide layered over a seed.
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The smallest cycad plant, some individuals have been found which have only grown to a height of only . It forms a short underground trunk which holds a small crown of short, stiff, slightly arching leaves with rounded leaflets. The plant has a small hypogeal stem, up to in diameter. The stem bears small sheathing cataphylls with a pair of inconspicuous stipules.
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The catkins appear in summer (May to July), with male and female catkins on separate plants (like all willows this species is dioecious). The female catkins are densely hairy. The petioles are usually less than 1 cm long, and the stipules usually 1 cm long by 0.6 cm wide, and persistent.New Flora of the British Isles; Clive Stace; Third edition; 2011 printing.
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Stipules are absent. The many small flowers of Spiraea shrubs are clustered together in inflorescences, usually in dense panicles, umbrella-like corymbs, or grape-like clusters. The radial symmetry of each flower is five fold, with the flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual. The flowers have five sepals and five white, pink, or reddish petals that are usually longer than the sepals.
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The sprawling spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . The stems are covered in fine velvety, erect, spreading white hairs and stipules with a length of . The green phyllodes occur in whorls of 8 to 11 and are slightly flattened or straight with a length of and have an obscure adaxial nerve. It blooms from September to October and produces yellow flowers.
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The prickles on the stems are straight or slightly curved and have a broad base. The light- or greyish-green leaves have 5 to 7 ovate leaflets with small teeth; the veins are sometimes pubescent and the rachis bears prickles. The stipules are narrow with spreading, free tips. Small, ovate fruits called hips are borne, turning orange-red in autumn.
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The spreading, multi-stemmed and prickly shrub typically grows to a height of and a width of around . The pubescent to hirsute branchlets have slender stipules. The ascending to erect, rigid green phyllodes are straight to recurved and have a narrowly oblong shape. The phyllodes are in length and and are asymmetrically narrowed toward the base and have four main nerves in total.
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The spreading and prickly shrub typically grows to a height of . It has glabrous to subglabrous branchlets with a light grey coloured epidermis and spinose long stipules. The sessile, patent, rigid green phyllodes have a slightly inequilaterally narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-elliptic or lanceolate shape that is sometimes linear. The phyllodes are in length and wide with a prominent midrib.
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Its liana is tall from a ligneous rhizome approximately thick. Its stems are lax, with scattered stinging hairs between long and with a dense, white cover of simple trichomes long. Leaves are opposite, with interpetiolar stipules united in pairs but deeply incised, and completely covered with white simple trichomes appromately in length. Petioles are long, and its cystoliths are largely punctiform.
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The obconic shrub typically grows to high with slightly hairy branchlets with persistent narrowly triangular thickened stipules that are in length. It has phyllodes that are long and wide. They are erect and have an obliquely oval or elliptic shape with two or three raised main nerves. Yellow globular flowerheads appear from August to November in the species' native range.
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The free area of the stipules is rooted, having entire margins with pointed upper end and often glandular-fluffy hairy.Gu Cuizhi & Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa : Rosa chinensis, p 368 - Registered text as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003.
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CalFlora Botanical Names This is an annual herb with a decumbent or erect, hairless stem. The leaves are made up of oval blades up to about 3 centimeters long which are marked with a white or purplish chevron, and large, lance-shaped, toothed stipules. The inflorescence is a head of at least five golden yellow flowers on a bowl- like base of bracts.
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Parinari costata is a species of plant in the family Chrysobalanaceae found in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore. Besides those countries it can also be found in Thailand and on the islands such as Sumatra and Borneo. It is tall and wide. It stipules are in length while the flowers are circa in diameter with the fruits being circa .
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The shrub typically grows to a height of to around wide and has a tangled appearance. The branchlets tha caducous deltate stipules. The evergreen phyllodes have an obovate or suborbicular shape are usually asymmetrical with a length of and a width of . The inflorescences occur on twinned or solitary flower-spikes with an oblong or cylindrical shape and a length of .
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Acacia brachycarpa is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae endemic to Queensland. The shrub has a mompact and much-branched habit that typically grows to a height of less than . The sparsely to moderately hirsutellous branchlets have long stipules. The pungent, rigid, flat, linear to linear-triangular shaped phyllodes have a midrib on each face .
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Hairlike pondweed is one of the more distinctive fine-leaved pondweeds due to the characteristically stiff leaves dominated by the midrib and open but tightly rolled stipules. However, it tends to be rarer than other fine-leaved species and often grows in mixed beds with other fine-leaved water plants such as P. pusillus and Zannichellia palustris, so it may be overlooked.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of . The glabrous and angular branchlets have caducous stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The ascending to erect and dull grey-green to bluish coloured phyllodes have a narrowly oblong shape with a length of and a width of with an inconspicuous midrib and no lateral nerves.
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The prostrate spinescent shrub typically grows to a height of . It normally has glabrous branchlets that are often covered with a white powdery coating and have spinose stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes have an ovate to narrowly elliptic shape with a length of and a width of .
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The dense, spreading and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of with an intricate habit. It has glabrous branchlets with spinose stipules that are in length and widely spreading. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The pungent, evergreen and dimidiate phyllodes have a length of and a width of with a midrib that is not prominent.
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Plants also have vestigial parts, including functionless stipules and carpels, leaf reduction of Equisetum, paraphyses of Fungi.Knobloch, I. (1951) "Are There Vestigial Structures in Plants?" Science New Series, Vol. 113: 465 Well known examples are the reductions in floral display, leading to smaller and/or paler flowers, in plants that reproduce without outcrossing, for example via selfing or obligate clonal reproduction.
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The Rubiaceae are morphologically easily recognizable as a coherent group by a combination of characters: opposite leaves that are simple and entire, interpetiolar stipules, tubular sympetalous actinomorphic corollas and an inferior ovary. A wide variety of growth forms are present: shrubs are most common (e.g. Coffea, Psychotria), but members of the family can also be trees (e.g. Cinchona, Nauclea), lianas (e.g.
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Fadogia), or rarely alternate resulting from the suppression of one leaf at each node (e.g. Sabicea sthenula). Characteristic for the Rubiaceae is the presence of stipules that are mostly fused to an interpetiolar structure on either side of the stem between the opposite leaves. Their inside surface often bears glands called "colleters", which produce mucilaginous compounds protecting the young shoot.
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The glabrous shrub typically grows to a height of and has angled branchlets with insignificant stipules. The grey coloured bark on the trunk and main branches is finely fissured. The evergreen phyllodes usually have an oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate shape and are straight to slightly incurved. The smooth phyllodes are in length and have a width of .
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The erect slender and open shrub typically grows to a height of . The prominently yellow-ribbed branchlets have pungent and hardened stipules with a length of . The thin evergreen phyllodes have an obliquely lanceolate to ovate shape and are usually in length with a width of . They are narrowed at base and have two to four prominent longitudinal nerves on the face.
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The prickly shrub typically grows to a height of and can have an erect or sprawling habit. It has hairy and terete branchlets with persistent stipules that are up to in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreeen, sessile to subsessile phyllodes can be patent to inclined with an inequilaterally ovate to lanceolate shape.
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The dense rounded shrub typically grows to a height of . It has hairy and slightly ribbed branchelts that have persistent stipules with a length of .Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The leathery, dull green to grey-green, erect to ascending phyllodes have an oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate shape and can be straight to shallowly incurved.
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The open spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It has branchlets that are covered in matted hair or with hairs embedded in resin giving them a cobweb-like appearance. The branchlets also have persistent stipules with a narrowly triangular shape and a length of up to . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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The many-branched shrub typically grows to a height of and has an erect or spreading habit. It has small persistent stipules that are less than in length along the branchlets. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen flat and linear phyllodes have a length of and a width of and have a pungent-pointed apex.
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The stipules are 2.5 to 4 millimeters long, about 1 mm wide, rectangular and membranous.Correa A., Mireya D., Silva, Tania Regina Dos Santos: Drosera (Droseraceae) In: Flora Neotropica, Monograph 96, New York, 2005. The one to three inflorescences are 13 to 60 mm long and have two to nine flowers. The inflorescence axis is one to three cm long, covered with filiform trichomes.
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Members of the genus Rhizophora are very similar to each other in morphology. They grow up to tall often with aerial stilt roots, but in more marginal habitats are shorter, more branched and scrubby. The leaves grow in opposite pairs, each pair with two interlocking stipules. The leaves are simple and entire, with elliptical hairless blades and slightly down-rolled margins.
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Spiny restharrow is an erect, bushy perennial. The wiry, branched stem is downy and nearly always spiny, and grows to a height of . The leaves are small, dark green, oval or trefoil, with toothed leaf-like stipules at their base. The flowers are deep pink and white, with the wings shorter than the hooked keel, and the calyx usually shorter than the pod.
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A very variable species especially in shape and size of leaves, and length of petioles and stipules. It is a perennial, evergreen or caducous sub-shrub. Stem succulent, may be branched or not. Stem a thick, dark green- to mahogany-colored conical trunk, up to 15 centimeters in diameter and 30-40 centimeters in height, older parts often with peeling bark.
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Leaves on the sterile stems are linear, stiff, and grow opposite on the stem, measuring long. Leaves are densely crowded on sterile stems, are auricled at their base, and have a minutely serrated margin. The tip of the fibrous pale stipule is as long or longer than its sheath. Leaves born on flowering stems are remote and reduced, with stipules with shorter tips.
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The open viscid shrub typically grows to a height of and has finely ribbed hairy branchlets with persistent stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The erect grey-green coloured phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic shape that is asymmetric with a length of and a width of . It blooms in June producing yellow flowers.
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Urodon dasyphyllus is a broom-like shrub which may be erect or prostrate, spreading or scrambling. Its stems are terete and hairy and are without glands. The leaves (phylloclades) are simple and alternate with entire margins, and 8–11 mm long by 1.5-2.5 mm wide, on hairy stalks which are 3–6 mm long. There are no apparent stipules even on the youngest leaves.
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It may be annual or perennial. Persicaria punctatagrows from a rhizome and produces decumbent or erect stems which may just exceed one meter (40 cm) in length. The branching stems may root at nodes that come in contact with the substrate. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and have stipules widened into bristly brown ochrea that wrap around the stems.
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Carmichaelia is named after Captain Dugald Carmichael, a Scottish army officer and botanist who studied New Zealand plants. Carmichaelia ranges in form from trees to prostrate species a few centimetres high. Mature plants are usually leafless, their leaves replaced by stipules which have fused into scales. Carmichaelia species are found throughout New Zealand, although the eastern South Island has 15 species endemic to it.
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Geissoloma marginatum is a low evergreen shrub of ½-1¼ m high, covered in overlapping large, leathery, simple, scale-like, opposite leaves in four rows along the stems. It has very small stipules on the petioles. Flowers are bisexual, subtended by bracts, and have four red to pinkish petaloid sepals, four petals partially united, eight stamens, and four carpels. The fruit is a capsule with four seeds.
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They grow in an alternate arrangement, with entire, symmetrical blades. They are connected to the stem with a petiole (leaf stalk) and stipules (appendage at the base of a leaf stalk). The flowers grow in a raceme, with 1 bract per flower, on a short pedicel (tiny stalk, supporting a single flower). Their color is light yellowish green, but may turn red when mature.
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The tiny seeds are explosively expelled. Plants acaulescent or nearly so. The stems, if any, are very short and covered with persistent petiole bases. Leaves are often very numerous and crowded. Stipules persistent; petiole 8–25 cm. Leaf blade long-petiolate, oblong-ovate, deltate- ovate, or orbiculate, entire or deeply pinnately or almost palmately lobed, 6-20 × 7–22 cm, sparsely scabrous or pubescent.
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The multi-stemmed tree or shrub typically to a height of and has a rounded bushy habit. It has light to dark grey coloured bark that is longitudinally fissured and forms small flakes. The terete branchlets are densely to sparsely puberulous and have broadly triangular dark brown stipules with a length of around . The green, narrowly elliptically shaped phyllodes are flat and straight to shallowly incurved.
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The spindly erect shrub with small, viscid whorled leaves typically grows to a height of . The densely white-hispid stems have erect stipules with a length of . There are 15 to 20 slender straight phyllodes per whorl, the lower ones are erect and the upper ones are spreading to gently recurved. The phyllodes have a length of and they have an incurved length mucro.
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The tree typically grows to a height of around with a habit that is similar in appearance to Acacia cana or Acacia cambagei. It has glabrous, flexuose, angled branchlets with no stipules. The straight to shallowly recurved pale-green phyllodes have a narrowly linear shape. The phyllodes have a length of and a width of and are narrowed at each end with a prominent midrib and nerves.
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A stipule is "intrapetiolar" if it is located in the angle that's between a stem and a petiole. In this case, the two stipules generally form together and appear to be one stipule. A stipule is "ochreate" if a single stipule appears to be a solid tube that goes all the way around the stem. A stipule is "foliaceous" if it is leaf-like.
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The (usually pinnately compound) leaves are evergreen and lack stipules. They are alternate, rarely opposite. The plants are monoecious, the male flowers being in lateral panicles (several pairs of catkins on an inflorescence) and the female flowers born terminally either in a single spike or in a hermaphroditic panicle including several paired male catkins. Each flower has a wide bract, two bracteoles, and four sepals.
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Jacqueshuberia pustulata is a tree up to 5 m tall. Stipules are compound, with up to 20 pairs of leaflet-like lobes, each up to 9 mm long. Leaves are bipinnately compound, up to 40 cm long, with 24-28 pairs of pinnae, each pinna with 50-70 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet about 10 mm long with conspicuous pustules along the veins on the upper side.
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Drypetes arguta is a small tree or large straggling shrub, growing to a height of about . The bark is grey, either smooth or with fine vertical furrows. The leaves have short stalks and a pair of yellow linear stipules at the base, and are arranged alternately on slender, greyish twigs. They are bright green, up to long, elliptical to lanceolate, with uneven bases and attenuated tips.
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Leaves are simple, being directly attached to the stem by a petiole (stalk), but unlike the leaves of most flowering plants they have no stipules. The petiole is short or the leaf tapers gradually towards the base. Leaf arrangement is typically alternate but some are opposite or whorled, and there is generally a rosette at the base of the stem. The edges are toothed (dentate) or sawtoothed.
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The entire above ground portion of the plant is barely tall. It is basically similar to other pinnatifid violets found endemic to central and southern Peru. It has large and strong stipules, elongate leaf lobes and dilated unappendaged style. But unlike other violets, it has conduplicated leaf blades, strong and oblong lanceolate to broadly elliptical lobes with blunt tips, and large basally- fused pedicel bractlets.
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Ochrea of Persicaria maculosa Most Polygonaceae are perennial herbaceous plants with swollen nodes, but trees, shrubs and vines are also present. The leaves of Polygonaceae are simple, and arranged alternately on the stems. Each leaf has a peculiar pair of fused, sheathing stipules known as an ochrea. Those species that do not have the nodal ochrea can be identified by their possession of involucrate flower heads.
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Drosera regia shares other features with the robust Tasmanian form of D. arcturi, including the lack of stipules and petioles and the non-circinate growth of the scape. It has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 34, which is unusual for the genus Drosera and closer to the diploid chromosome number of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), another member of the Droseraceae.Behre, K. 1929.
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Caterpillars of the first age are yellowish-green with dark dots and a brownish-black head. They eat up the parenchyma of the leaves, scrape off the juicy inner parts of the stipules, but especially prefer to penetrate into the young buds and eat in them. Caterpillars of the senior, the fifth, age are bright green with a black head. They feed on buds and flowers.
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Round about October the tree produces a spectacular flush of bright red new leaves, flowering taking place at the same time and adding a purple hue. Slashed bark oozes watery, clear or amber-coloured sap with a musky smell. The cut surface is initially white, but turns purplish after oxidising. Young leaves have long linear stipules which are soon shed, and are absent on some trees.
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Plants of this family have a variety of habits, from trees to herbaceous plants to lianas. The leaves of the tropical genera are usually spirally alternate, while those of the temperate maples (Acer), Aesculus, and a few other genera are opposite. They are most often pinnately compound, but are palmately compound in Aesculus, and simply palmate in Acer. The petiole has a swollen base and lacks stipules.
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Botanical illustration of Clitoria mariana (1913) Watercolor of Clitoria mariana by Mary Vaux Walcott (1934, Smithsonian American Art Museum collection). The ascending, sometimes twining stem of Clitoria mariana is 45 to 60 centimeters long. The leaves are pinnately trifoliate, borne on petioles with stipules. The thin, smooth or slightly hairy leaflets are ovate, 2.5 to 11 centimeters long, and 1.5 to 5 centimeters wide.
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This perennial sprawling plant can grow to a height of , spreads by seeds and stolons and has, unusually amongst this group, yellow hermaphrodite flowers. The inner flowers are male and soon fall off, whilst the outer are bisexual and produce the fruit. The flowers smell of honey. Of the whorls of four leaves, only two in each group are real leaves, the other two being stipules.
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In its natural habitat, D. fumatus is a mid-canopy tropical forest tree, growing up to 35 m tall and 0.6 m dbh. Stipules are absent; leaves are alternate, compound, with leaflets pinnately-veined and usually glabrous, sometimes with toothed margins. Flowers are about 4 mm in diameter, white-yellowish, in panicles. Fruits are drupes which are 20–25 mm long, green-yellowish and slightly warty.
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Stipules are of medium length, a bit extended at the base, strongly dented. Leaves during period of fruit production have short ends, shrunken at their base, have intense green color and are supported by medium-length leaf stalks. Flowers: medium or rather small, elliptic, concave petals, covering partially each other; short, a little bit large, almost sharp, strong red divisions of calyx. Pedicel is short and strong.
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The low, spreading and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has multiple glabrous stems with light grey coloured branchlets that are a reddish colour toward the extremities and has persistent stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The grey-green pyhllodes are dimorphic on the upper branches and are in width.
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The harsh shrub typically grows to a height of . It has light grey to mid-grey coloured bark and glabrous to minutely hairy and rigid branchlets with persistent or caducous stipules that have a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The scattered, patent, linear or nearly lanceolate phyllodes form in whorls around the stem and have no stems.
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The shrub or tree can grow to a maximum height of and usually has a spindly habit. It has dark brown to black to grey coloured bark that is smooth on younger trees but becomes longitudinally fissured as it ages. The plant has terete and densely haired branchlets with very conspicuous stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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Alchemilla mollis, the garden lady's-mantle or lady's-mantle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. This herbaceous perennial plant is native to southern Europe and grown throughout the world as an ornamental garden plant. It grows tall, with leaves that are palmately veined, with a scalloped and serrated margin. The stipules are noteworthy in that they are fused together and leaf like.
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The stipules are peltate, sometimes spurred, and are ovate, long. The inflorescence is a few-flowered raceme, with the peduncle being long, the pedicels long, and the calyx long and glabrous, with minute teeth. The corolla is yellow and 5–7 mm long. The pods are cylindrical, long and wide, from glabrous to sparingly pubescent with short adpressed hairs, and are black when ripe.
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Echinocystis lobata is an annual vine that produces stems that can be as long as and which climb, with the help of coiling, branched tendrils, over shrubs and fences or trail across the ground. The stems are angular and furrowed. The leaves are alternate with long petioles, five palmate lobes and no stipules. The flowers are monoecious, with separate male and female blooms on the same plant.
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The dense rigid spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It has ribbed and glabrous branchlets that are covered in a fine white powder at extremities with rigid, persistent and spiny stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes than true leaves. These Phyllodes are continuous along the length of the branchlets but not forming cauline wings and are strongly recurved.
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The bushy erect pungent shrub typically grows to a height of with branchlets that are ribbed, glabrous or sparsely appressed-puberulous with straight hairs. Stipules are present only on young fresh shoots. The trunk and branches have smooth green or brown bark. The leathery leaves have phyllodes or are sessile, patent to ascending, inequilateral basally, subulate-linear, elliptic in shape and straight to recurved.
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The erect sparsely branched shrub typically grows to a height of and has a straggly habit. It has terete velvety-hairy branchlets with long stipules and golden-coloured hairy new shoots. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, hairy and coriaceous phyllodes have an inequilaterally elliptic shape with a length of and have three to five raised main nerves.
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The leaves are set alternately and lack both stipules and leaf stalk. The leaf blade is line-shaped, up to 12 cm (6 in) long and ½ cm (0.2 in) wide, tapering towards the tip. It has an entire margin, that carries many with long tentacles topped by teardrop-shaped glands. The upper surface of the leaves is covered with much smaller, shorter tentacles intermingled with white hairs.
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The resulting fruit grows to in diameter and turns from green to purple with maturity. On average in Panama, F. yoponensis produce a new flush of leaves every 20 weeks and flower every 25 weeks. The species is similar in appearance to Ficus insipida but has smaller leaves, stipules and fruits and only occurs in primary forest whereas F. insipida is also found in secondary forest.
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The main characteristics used to describe the taxonomy of Drosera species include traits such as the shape of the leaf, the style number, morphology, and the presence or absence of stipules, or specialized organs (i.e. tubers or gemmae). Over many years, new Drosera species have been identified by examining characteristics including chromosome numbers, pollen morphology, secondary compounds, and seed germination types. Drosera peruensis is relatively recently characterised.
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Inflorescence showing central carpellate flower and lateral staminate flowers Haptanthus hazlettii is a shrub or tree. It has opposite leaves spaced at 5.5–6.0 cm apart, usually arranged in two ranks (distichous). The leaves are simple with untoothed (entire) margins. There are no stipules. The leaf stalk (petiole) is short, 7–8 mm long, the leaf blade (lamina) 10–13.5 cm long by 4.1–5.6 cm wide.
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Viola decumbens is a perennial plant with a woody base that is assigned to the violet family. It has linear leaves and stipules. The bilaterally symmetrical purple flowers have five petals and a spur. It grows in fynbos and is an endemic species of the southern Western Cape province of South Africa, where it is called wild violet, a name used for other species elsewhere in the world.
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Pentace laxiflora is a medium-sized tree growing to a height of about , the trunk having a maximum diameter of . The leaves have short stalks with a pair of small stipules at the base, and are alternate, usually hairless, lanceolate and whitish underneath. The inflorescence is a lax panicle with small, widely separated, creamy-coloured flowers, each about in diameter. The seeds are winged nuts, about in diameter.
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Trifolium fucatum is an annual herb growing decumbent to erect in form, the stem often thick-walled and hollow. The leaf blades are made up of oval or rounded leaflets with smooth or toothed edges, and the leaves have large stipules. The inflorescence is a head of flowers with a base of wide bracts. Each flower corolla is 1 to 2 centimeters long and white or yellowish with purple tips.
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The flowering plants in this clade are mostly shrubs and vines : rarely herbs. They include some ornamental garden plants grown in temperate regions. The leaves are mostly opposite with no stipules (appendages at the base of a leafstalk or petiole), and may be either evergreen or deciduous. The flowers are tubular funnel-shaped or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant.
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As all Rubiaceae species, the leaves are opposite, simple and entire, and they have interpetiolar stipules. The phyllotaxis is decussate, sometimes conspicuously so (e.g. Canthium inerme), and rarely whorled (e.g. Fadogia). Some species have spines (e.g. Canthium). Secondary pollen presentation is characteristic for the tribe and the species develop a conspicuous “stylar head”-complex, which is a structural unit consisting of a pollen presenting organ combined with stigmatic surfaces.
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Convolvulaceae can be recognized by their funnel-shaped, radially symmetrical corolla; the floral formula for the family has five sepals, five fused petals, five epipetalous stamens (stamens fused to the petals), and a two-part syncarpous and superior gynoecium. The stems of these plants are usually winding, hence their Latin name (from convolvere, "to wind"). The leaves are simple and alternate, without stipules. In parasitic Cuscuta they are reduced to scales.
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Polygonum polygaloides is an annual herb producing slender, wiry green stems 1 to 30 centimeters (0.4–12 inches) in length. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are alternately arranged uniformly along the stem, the ones near the tips of stem branches highly reduced. The leaves have membranous stipules which fuse to form silvery ochrea at the leaf bases. The flowers are mainly located in clusters around the stem tips.
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Stipules are linear, measured approximately 1.5 cm in length. Both stems and petioles (3–11 cm in length) are smooth or generally free from hair. Acetosella is further divided into a section called Furcaria, which is a group of approximately 100 species that have non-fleshy calyx or sepals. The sepals contain 10 veins, 5 of which run to the apices of the segments; the other 5 run to the sinuses.
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The leaves have no sheath or stipules and are alternately arranged along the stem, are divided into a leaf stalk and leaf blade. The leaf blade is twice compounded or very deeply incised, first into three leaflets, themselves palmately compounded or deeply divided (this is called biternate), each leaflet being further divided into segments that themselves are lobed, resulting in seventy to one hundred segments of ¾-3¼ cm wide.
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The fruit is a small legume pod containing one seed. Though it often co-occurs with its congener Kummerowia striata, it is easily identified by large papery stipules which are especially visible for young leaves. This plant was introduced to the United States when it was intentionally planted in Arlington, Virginia, by the USDA in 1919. This species and Japanese clover were used to revegetate abandoned coal mine sites.
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Polygonum bolanderi is a small shrub producing numerous very thin twiglike branches up to about half a meter (20 inches) long from a tough, tangled base. The slender branches are lined with small, narrow, pointed leaves which are alternately arranged and mostly found clustered toward the tips of the twigs. The leaves have narrow, fringed stipules with sharp points. Flowers occur in upper leaf axils during summer and fall.
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The erect and slender shrub or small tree typically grows to a height of It is usually single stemmed and the young branches are covered in spreading often rust coloured hairs. The stipules are narrow triangular and around in length. The alternately arranged leaves have an elliptical blade to around in length. The species has purple or blue flowers that appear between August and December in its native range.
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The leaf surfaces is lightly rough to the touch (scabrid), occasionally with scattered appressed glassy hairs on the lower surface. The leaves also have cystoliths (hard stony structures) which are visible as raised opaque dots on upper surface. The lateral veins occur in 20–46 pairs. Stipules are lateral (occasionally interpetiolar) and are up to 21 mm long, with scattered appressed glassy hairs, and have ciliolate margins which lose their hairs.
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Fagonia pachyacantha is a spreading perennial herb not more than in height with very glandular stems and foliage. Each leaf is divided into three flat, green leaflets and there are straight, pointed, spine-like stipules at the base of each set. Flowers, each about 1.5 centimeters wide, appear in the axils of the sparse leaves. The flower has five purplish pink petals with bases narrowed to thin claws.
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The multi-stemmed and obconic shrub crowns sparse to sub-dense and typically grows to a height of with a width of . Bark on the upper branches is smooth and grey but becomes rough and longitudinally fissured at the base. It has light green new shoots with rudimentary caducous stipules that are resinous but not sticky. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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Leaf scars are formed naturally, often at the end of the growing season for deciduous plants when a layer of cells called the abscissa layer forms between the petiole and stem. The abscission layer acts as a point of cleavage and the leaf breaks off leaving a cleanly shaped wound that is quickly healed over with protective cork. Stipules may also leave their own scars if they are present.
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Himantandraceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by the APG II system of 2003, assigned to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids. The family consists of only one genus, Galbulimima, of probably two species, trees and shrubs, found in tropical areas in Southeast Asia and Australia. Plants in this family are aromatic trees covered with peltate, scaly indumentum. The leaves are entire and alternate, but stipules are absent.
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The bush or tree typically grows to a maximum height of and has smooth grey bark on the main stem and branched with more yellowish coloured bark on the upper branches. It can have an open an straggly a sometimes dense habit. The glabrous branchlets are often covered in a fine white powdery coating and have spinose stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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The margins are strikingly toothed, with larger, narrowly pointed, irregular, jagged teeth bearing smaller teeth. Some trees have red-purple twigs and leaf undersides; others are just green. The leaves have long stalks, and each leaf stalk has a pair of small, narrow stipules, sometimes a few teeth, at its base. In the axils of the leafstalks are pointed buds, which can grow out into leafy shots or inflorescences.
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Coffea magnistipula is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub species of Coffea that is endemic to the Lower Guinean forests of tropical West Africa, specifically the South Cameroon Plateau and the Chaillu Massif of Gabon. Its scientific name is derived from the large stipules in which rain water and debris collects. The plant is unusual among Coffea species in having adventitious roots.
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Urtica urentivelutina is a species of the genus Urtica. This species is closely related to U. macbridei, but differs in its much denser and longer indument, especially on the stipules (subglabrous in U. macbridei) and the presence of stinging hairs on the perigon of the female flowers. The leaves are densely pubescent and also irregularly bullate between the veins, which is a character not found in other Peruvian species.
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Geissois racemosa wood - MHNT Geissois is a genus of trees and shrubs in the plant family Cunoniaceae. It includes about 19 species mostly found in New Caledonia, but also in Fiji, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands. Leaves are opposite, palmate with 3-9 leaflets, with entire margin (serrate in Geissois hirsuta and juveniles) and intrapetiolar stipules. The inflorescences are simple racemes (trident in Geissois hirsuta) and bottle-brush like.
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Parochetus communis is a prostrate herb, growing up to tall. Its leaves are trifoliate (three-parted, like a clover leaf), with each leaflet being long and similarly wide (exceptionally up to ). The leaflets are cuneate (wedge- shaped) at the base, and notched at the tip, with margins that may be smooth or have minute teeth. The stipules at the base of each leaf-stalk are long and entire (untoothed and undivided).
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It is a lianescent subshrub or erect perennial herb around tall. Its rhizome is around thick; its stems are erect, with numerous deflexed stinging hairs, approximately long. Its leaves are opposite, interpetiolar stipules united in pairs but deeply incised, about long and wide, without conspicuous cystoliths and with scattered, white simple trichomes along the margins. Petioles are long, abaxial surface with scattered pubescence on the veins and with scattered stinging hairs.
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Pollichia campestris is a much-branched subshrub growing to a height of about . The erect stems have a covering of fine hairs when young. The leaves are greyish-green and hairy at first, measuring up to , narrowly lanceolate or elliptical, with acute apexes, short stalks and small, membranous stipules. The inflorescence is a small, pubescent cyme growing in the axil of a leaf; the flowers are greenish-yellow with white bracts.
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Most Apiaceae are annual, biennial or perennial herbs (frequently with the leaves aggregated toward the base), though a minority are woody shrubs or small trees such as Bupleurum fruticosum. Their leaves are of variable size and alternately arranged, or with the upper leaves becoming nearly opposite. The leaves may be petiolate or sessile. There are no stipules but the petioles are frequently sheathing and the leaves may be perfoliate.
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The erect dense shrub typically grows to a height of . It is often has multiple slender stems and has a woody rootstock with hairy branchlets and narrowly triangular stipules with a length of . It has green elliptic to broadly elliptic or obovate shaped phyllodes with a length of and a width of and prominent midrib and marginal nerves. It blooms from March to September and produces white-cream-yellow flowers.
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The open shrub typically grows to a height of . It has light grey and scarred branches and hairy branchlets with spinose stipules that have a length of around . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The crowded, rigid, pungent and evergreen phyllodes have a length of and a width of and are usually narrower near the apex with nerves that are rarely evident.
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The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules. The family contains about 13,500 species in 611 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics.
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The slender, erect and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has orange-brown coloured branches and hairy branchlets with narrowly triangular stipules that are in length that are incurved. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The patent and occasionally reflexed, rigid, greem phyllodes have a narrowly semi-trullate shape with a length of and a width of with a prominent midrib.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of around and has an erect, openly branched habit. It has ribbed branchelets that are densely hairy and has persistent stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen dimidiate phyllodes have a widely elliptic or occasionally widely obovate shape with a rounded upper margin and a more or less straight lower margin.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of . It has ribbed glabrous branchlets with new shoots that are minutely woolly and with caducous stipules with a length of . The pungent linear green phyllodes are attenuate at both ends and commonly inequilateral and have a length of and a width of with two or three main nerves per face. It blooms from August to September and produces yellow flowers.
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The leaf petioles are short, the stipules often very conspicuous, resembling tiny, round leaves, and sometimes remaining for half the summer. On some species, however, they are small, inconspicuous, and caducous (soon falling). In color, the leaves show a great variety of greens, ranging from yellowish to bluish color. Willows are among the earliest woody plants to leaf out in spring and the last to drop their leaves in autumn.
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Cardionema ramosissimum is a flat or clumping mat-forming perennial plant which grows along the coastline of western North America, as well as Chile. From a taproot it extends many petite to sprawling stems up to 30 centimeters long and covered in very tiny leaves, which are about a centimeter long and needlelike. Filling in the spaces between the spine-shaped leaves are long stipules. The plant bears tiny woolly flowers.
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Each leaflet has a central rib that divides it into two halves, with between four and six ribs clearly visible up to the third order. The stipules merge with the petiole, the length of which is 12-15 cm. The flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowering period extends from midsummer to early autumn.
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The edges are smooth or lined with tiny glandular teeth. Leaves are covered with a delicate, white powdery coating that can be rubbed off. Stipules, the small leaf-like structures on the stem at the base of the stem of the leaf (petiole), are thin and fall off early, compared to other members of the genus.Flowering Plants of the Santa Monica Mountains, Nancy Dale, 2nd Ed., 2000, p.
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Sida spenceriana is a herb or shrub, which has hairy stems. The leaves are not lobed, have entire margins and are 10–24 mm long by 1.5–3 mm wide, have a covering of stellate hairs. There are stipules (7–10 mm long) which persist in with the older leaves. The flowere has a pedicel (15–30 mm) and the perianth consists of two whorls (both calyx and corolla).
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The plant is a perennial plant. It has a fleshy to woody taproot, loosely matted to open and widely branched, herbage green but sparsely strigose, with basifixed hairs. Its several stems are slender and radiates from a superficial root-crown, prostrate to procumbent, herbaceous to the base, 10–50 cm, very sparsely strigose, floriferous from near the base. The stipules submembranous, semi- or fully amplexicaul but free, 2–5 mm.
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The viscid shrub typically grows to a height of but can reach up to and has a spreading a flat topped habit. The stems are covered with fine downy hairs and have long stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The phyllodes are arranged in whorls of 8 to 14 and are more or less flattened and straight or recurved towards apex.
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The petioles have small spiny stipules at their bases. The moderately delicate flowers occur singly on flower stalks that arise from the area between the stems and leaf petioles. They consist of five petals that are 4 to 8 millimeters long, creamy to orange-yellow in color, and may be somewhat reddish in the center. Each of the five overlapping petals is asymmetric, having a long lobe on one side.
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Lathyrus linifolius is a perennial plant with a sprawling or climbing stem that grows to and is shallowly-winged and nearly hairless. The leaves are alternate with short winged stalks and long narrow stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with two to four pairs of narrow lanceolate leaflets, entire margins and a terminal branching tendril. The inflorescence has a long stem and two to eight purple flowers, each long.
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Long-stalked pondweed has tall stems to 3 m growing from stout, rusty-spotted perennial rhizomes. The stems often change direction between each node, giving a characteristic zig-zagging pattern. The transparent pale to deep green leaves are typically between 60 and 150 mm long but occasionally reach 250 mm and are 14–40 mm wide. The stipules are persistent, open, whitish and translucent, with prominent veins when dry.
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Centrosema virginianum is a perennial herbaceous vine growing procumbently or twining to a height approaching two meters. It has alternate pinnately divided leaves, 3 to 10 centimeters long. Leaflets are lanceolate or ovate, 1 to 4 cm long, Stipules are often deciduous, and mostly setaceous. There is a wide range of leaflet forms, from linear to ovate to oblong or lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate at the apex.
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The shrub usually has a single stem and typically grows to a height of around and has smooth grey bark and an openly branched habit. It has villous new shoots with lemon yellow hairs. The terete branchlets are only slightly flattened toward the extremities and can be sparsely or densely hairy with silver coloured hairs and have long stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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It is a perennial herb growing erect with hairless herbage. The leaf blades are made up of large oval leaflets each measuring up to 10 centimeters long, and large stipules which may be over 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a round or elongated head of flowers up to 3 centimeters long, the flowers spreading out and drooping with age. Each flower has a greenish or pinkish corolla measuring one centimeter long or more.
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This plant has a mutualistic relationship with predatory ants of the Crematogaster genus. The tree has hollow twigs in which the ants make their nest and provides the ants with food bodies located on the leaf stipules; the ants feed on these and defend the tree against herbivorous insects. Many fewer food bodies are produced by trees that have no ants inhabiting them than are produced by those where ants are present.
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Magnolia vrieseana is a tree species of the family Magnoliaceae endemic to Indonesia, occurring in Sulawesi and Maluku. Magnolia vrieseana are large, evergreen trees with spiral leaves and long terminal stipules that leave circular scars when falling off. The flowers are borne on short shoots in leaf axils and have cream or white petals. The timber of this plant is much sought after in Sulawesi and often used to make carvings by the Toraja people.
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The leaflets may have petiolules and stipels, the equivalents of the petioles and stipules of leaves. Because each leaflet can appear to be a simple leaf, it is important to recognize where the petiole occurs to identify a compound leaf. Compound leaves are a characteristic of some families of higher plants, such as the Fabaceae. The middle vein of a compound leaf or a frond, when it is present, is called a rachis.
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Plants in this family have simple, opposite, decussated leaves with entire (or sometimes toothed, lobed, or spiny) margins, and without stipules. The leaves may contain cystoliths, calcium carbonate concretions, seen as streaks on the surface. The flowers are perfect, zygomorphic to nearly actinomorphic, and arranged in an inflorescence that is either a spike, raceme, or cyme. Typically, a colorful bract subtends each flower; in some species, the bract is large and showy.
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It has reduced wings that can be lifted to reveal brightly colored warning colors on the abdomen. The male flies well and has long functional wings that resemble a flat or rolled-up dead leaf at rest. When perched, males often assume a posture where the head, grasping legs and prothorax add to the camouflage by recreating the appearance of a dead leaf's shriveled petiole and stipules. Tree of Life Web Project.
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Cunonia austrocaledonica - MHNT Cunonia is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Cunoniaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution, with 24 species endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific, and one species (Cunonia capensis) in Southern Africa. Leaves are opposite, simple or pinnate with a margin entire to serrate. Interpetiolar stipules are often conspicuous and generally enclose buds to form a spoon-like shape (hence the common name "butterspoon tree" for Cunonia capensis).
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Antarctic bedstraw is a perennial herb that grows up to 50 mm in height. Its main stems are weak, prostrate and leafless, rooting at the nodes; the young stems are erect, sparsely branched, smooth and leafy. The leaves and stipules are similar, 3-4.5 mm in length, green tinged with purple, smooth and fleshy. The flowers are solitary in upper axils; they lack a calyx and have a pinkish-buff corolla with long, yellowish stigmas.
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Hymenaea stigonocarpa has twenty four chromosomes (2n=24). It is a low to medium height deciduous tree of and a diameter of up to at breast height. It has a twisted trunk covered by a thick rough grey bark and reddish-brown twigs. Its leaves are alternately set, and consist of two leathery, kidney-shaped to ovate leaflets of long and wide, with quickly falling bracts (so-called stipules) at their base.
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Fresh foliage is a conspicuous red colour and the papery, 1 cm long stipules are soon dropped. The bark of younger trees is smooth and pale greyish-white in colour, in contrast to the flaky, yellow bark of F. sycomorus. With increasing age the bark becomes darker and rough. The figs are carried on short or long drooping spurs (or fascicles) which may emerge from surface roots, the trunk or especially from lower main branches.
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Members of Poikilospermum are shrubs or tall woody climbers (also known as lianas). The petiolate leaves are alternate; their stipules are often caducous, intrapetiolar, connate, and leathery; their veins are often prominently pinnate; cystoliths occur adaxially in circular groups, abaxially along veins, either punctiform or linear. The inflorescences are solitary and axillary dichotomously branched cymes, they are unisexual (the plants are dioecious). The glomerules are capitate and either on swollen peduncular receptacles (in P. subgen.
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The bush is also full of long spines. It usually flowers between August and November producing an axillary flower-spike with small, bright yellow spherical flower heads and the fruits are brown pods long. The hard black seeds within have an oblong shape and are about in length and half as wide. The spiny stipules that grow at the base of the phyllodes deter livestock from feeding on or too close to the plant.
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Abatia (syn. Raleighia Gardner) is a genus of about ten species of Central and South American trees in the willow family Salicaceae (following the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification). Previously it was treated in the family Flacourtiaceae, or tribe Abatieae of the family Passifloraceae (Lemke 1988) or Samydaceae by G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker and Hutchinson. Abatia has opposite leaves with very small stipules and marginal glands at the base of the blade of the leaf.
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Evergreen shrub or tree up to 18 meters tall; fissured bark. Kidney-shaped stipules on branchlets. Leaves heart-shaped or pear-shaped, sometimes lobed, up to 10 cm long, dark green above, whitish green beneath, with tufts of hairs in the vein axils. Cymose inflorescence with pinkish-red or crimson bell-shaped flowers; these with five sepals and five three-lobed petals, 9–13 mm long; ovary and styles glabrous; 15–60 stamens.
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Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. The two RNAs of the disease are now categorised as two separate, mutualistic viruses: PEMV-1 is an Enamovirus, while PEMV-2 is an Umbravirus. It is spread by green or pea aphids and affects legumes as pea, alfalfa, broadbean or sweet pea mostly in temperate regions. Symptoms include chlorotic, translucent or necrotic lesions, malformation of leaves and stipules, and plant distortion.
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Acacia leioderma also commonly known as the Porongurup wattle is a species of wattle which is endemic to an area in the lower Great Southern region of Western Australia centered on Albany. An erect shrub that typically grows to a height of between , it has red to brown glabrous branchlets that are prominently ribbed with stipules long. It has small, fern-like green phyllodes (leaves) and light golden flowers. Flowers appear between April and November.
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The spreading and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has glabrous branchlets with a white epidermis that exfoliates as it ages and with caducous stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The sessile, rigid, pungent and evergreen phyllodes have a linear to triangular shape with a length of and a width of with one main nerve and an obscure second nerve parallel to the midrib.
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Fruits. It is a shrub that can reach 8 meters high, with more or less dense foliage, has an irregular crown, with abundant branching and subcuadrangular branches. Its leaves are simple opposite, with an entire border, smooth, leathery, with an acute apex and cuneate base, without stipules and without exudate. The spines are opposite and curved. The flowers are light blue, tubular, grouped in axillary inflorescences in the form of a cluster.
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The leaves are alternate, simple and entire, with small stipules and short petioles. The leaf blades are leathery, ovate or oblong-elliptical, and measure up to . They have rounded bases and tapering apexes; the upper sides are bare but the undersides are densely felted with brown or grey hairs. The inflorescence is a brownish, hairy panicle, about long, growing at the tip of a shoot or in the axil of a leaf.
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In the garden pea, it is only the terminal leaflets that are modified to become tendrils. In other plants such as the yellow vetch (Lathyrus aphaca), the whole leaf is modified to become tendrils while the stipules become enlarged and carry out photosynthesis. Still others use the rachis of a compound leaf as a tendril, such as members of the genus Clematis. The specialised pitcher traps of Nepenthes plants form on the end of tendrils.
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The stems are erect, tough, and unbranched until just below the inflorescence. The junctions of the stems are covered by two fused stipules which form an ochrea, a thin, paper-like sheath - a characteristic of the family Polygonaceae, and fringed above in this species. The stem leaves are alternate and are narrowly ovate–lanceolate and have a rounded or tapered base. The leaf stalks are approximately the same length as the leaf blade.
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Eucryphia milliganii, is an evergreen, normally small shrub growing a few meters high but in the right conditions can form a tree habit growing up to 14m. It is densely branched and is normally slender with branches being blackish-brown with a terete and hairless form. Stipules present and interpetiolar, ovate, brown in colour and never longer than 1mm. Leaves are simple, opposite and densely packed especially at the ends of branches.
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However, bog pondweed produces completely opaque floating leaves that are very distinct from the submerged leaves; the submerged leaves are longer and die back relatively early in the season. Bog pondweed also lacks the distinctive net-veined appearance. Potamogeton lucens has leaves with a similar net-veined appearance, but is more uniform in its growth habit, has denticulate (finely toothed) leaf margins and stipules with two conspicuous keels. Potamogeton coloratus is diploid, with 2n=28.
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Lathyrus splendens is a species of wild pea known by the common names pride of California and Campo pea. It is native to Baja California and its range extends into San Diego County, California, where it grows in the chaparral. This is a climbing perennial pea vine with coiling tendrils. Its leaves are each made up of 6 to 8 linear to oval-shaped leaflets a few centimeters long and wavy-margined stipules.
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The basal leaves have a hairless upper surface but have some hairs beside the veins on the lower surface. The upper leaves are alternate and are smaller and more elongated. Where their stalks meet the stem there is a membranous ochrea formed by the fusion of two stipules into a sheath which surrounds the stem and has a ragged upper margin. The flowers are arranged in much-branched, dense terminal compound panicles.
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Viburnum molle Ohio Division of Natural Resources Viburnum molle is a woody shrub that spreads by underground runners. It produces clusters of small white flowers in late spring. It has distinctive papery bark which peels off in sheets. Although it bears a superficial resemblance to the more widespread Viburnum dentatum, it can be distinguished by its ovate-orbicular leaves with strictly cordate leaf bases, its prominent long-filiform stipules, and its ellipsoid fruit.
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Bossiaea prostrata is a shrub with a prostrate spreading, scrambling habit to wide. The leaves are dark green on the upper side and paler on the underside, ovate to rounded or oblong, long, wide and have a petiole about long. The leaves are arranged alternately, simple, smooth or with sparse hairs, stipules narrow to egg-shaped, long. The stems are flattened toward the apex and either smooth or with short flattened or spreading hairs.
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Rumex graminifolius is a slender perennial plant that grows from 0.1 m to 0.5 m high, with roots that run right below the surface, as well as a skinny stems and edible pointy, flat leaves. The leaves, when consumed raw, have a bitter taste. The lower leaves have 4 to 6 centimeters in length with long petioles and a membranous ocrea formed of fused, sheathing stipules. The upper ones are inflorescences, flowers and frequently become a bright reddish color.
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The wattle is slender shrub or small and spreading tree that grows to a height of about . It has dry and membranous stipules that are usually less than in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The thin and dark green phyllodes have a linear and are usually straight with a length of and a width of with three to seven main veins with the midvein that is most prominent.
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Rubieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains 970 species in 15 genera. The genus Galium is responsible for more than two thirds of the species in the tribe. The second largest genus is Asperula, which contains about 200 species. Unlike the rest of the family Rubiaceae, the tribe contains predominantly perennial and annual herbs with pseudowhorls of leaves and leaflike stipules and is centered in temperate and tropical- mountain regions.
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Unlike the elms, the branchlets are never corky or winged. The leaves are alternate, with serrated margins, and (unlike the related elms) a symmetrical base to the leaf blade. The leaves are in two distinct rows; they have pinnate venation and each vein extends to the leaf margin, where it terminates in a tooth. There are two stipules at each node, though these are caducous (shed early), leaving a pair of scars at the leaf base.
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The large and directly defensive thorn-like stipules of Vachellia collinsii are also hollow and offer shelter for ants, which indirectly protect the plant against herbivores. Another category of plant defenses are those features that indirectly protect the plant by enhancing the probability of attracting the natural enemies of herbivores. Such an arrangement is known as mutualism, in this case of the "enemy of my enemy" variety. One such feature are semiochemicals, given off by plants.
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Viola × williamsii, known as hybrid horned pansy, tufted pansy, or just horned pansy, is a hybrid between Viola cornuta and Viola × wittrockiana. It differs from V. cornuta in having wider, slightly overlapping petals, the lateral ones directed outwards or upwards, and more deeply dentate to laciniate stipules with the apical lobe clearly narrowed towards the base. It differs from V. × wittrockiana in at least one of the following characters: perennial habit, scented flowers and a longer spur.
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The leaves are up to 20 cm long, 8 to 12 cm wide, and arranged in an alternate leaf pattern on a branch., distinguishing them from those of ash, Fraxinus excelsior, which are opposite and without stipules. The leaflets are elongated-lanceolate in shape, 2 to 6 cm long, and 1 to 2.5 cm wide with a sharply serrated edge, and have short stems or sit close to the central vein except for the outermost leaflet.Godet 1994, p.
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Seeds smooth, transverse oblong.], brownish-black, viscid,4-9 per pod. Barbieria is easily distinguishable from other members of subtribe Clitoriinae by red flowers, wing petals shorter than the keel, subulate0-acuminte bracts, bracteoles, stipules and calyx lobes, the dorsal calyx lobes free to near the base, and 15-21 leaflets. Barbieria is found in moist soils in secondary growth, roadsides, riverine forests, forest edges or open areas with abundant sun, at elevations of 390-1000m.
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The calyx is covered with spreading, white hairs. The petals are red. The standard slightly exceeds the calyx, and the wings and keel are shorter. The pod is oblong and silky, about 3–7 mm long, pointed at apex, and usually contains two seeds. The branches are covered with appressed white hairs; leaves peltate, 3–5 cm long; leaflets 7-9, obovate-cuneate, 8-13 x 2–5 mm, mucronate, sericeous on both sides; stipules c.
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Leaves are in a basal dense rosette (wintering under the snow), dark green, which redden by autumn, with an almost rounded blade and a membranous sheath remaining up to two to three years. The leaf blade is broadly elliptical or almost rounded, rounded or chordate at the base, obtuse or indistinctly dentate, 3–35 cm long, 2.5–30 cm wide, on wide petioles not exceeding the length of the plate, equipped at the base with membranous vaginal stipules .
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Members of Tibouchina sensu lato are diagnosed by a number of traits including pentamerous flowers with anthers having developed pedoconnectives (the connective tissue below the anther locules) and anther appendages that are ventrally bi-lobed. These traits are likely plesiomorphic in the core Melastomeae. The magenta or purple flowers are often showy, and the stamens may be dimorphic. Members of Tibouchina have simple leaves that lack stipules with the conspicuous ladder-like venation that is characteristic of most melastomes.
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The shrub has an intricately and openly branched, diffuse to low-spreading habit and typically grows to a height of and a width of . The stem usually divides just above the ground to form horizontally spreading branches. It has light grey coloured slightly roughened bark and glabrous finely ribbed branchlets that are a light to reddish brown colour at the extremities but age to a grey colour. The branchlets that erect triangular stipules that are in length.
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The erect single-stemmed shrub typically grows to a height of . The dwarf subshrub has prominently ribbed and glabrous branchlets with shallowly triangular stipules with a length of around . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The thin green phyllodes are crowded on the branchlets with an elliptic to obovate shape and a length of and a width of with one or sometimes two main nerves and a few obscure lateral nerves.
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It typically grows to a height in height and has glabrous to sparsely haired branchlets with subulate stipules that around high. Like most Acacias it has phyllodes instead of true leaves, the rigid, terete phyllodes that are in length and wide. The globular yellow flowerheads with a diameter of and containing 12 to 30 flowers appear singly in the leaf axils from August to November. Following flowering curved flat, seed pods form that are long and wide.
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The simple leaves of plants with either habit are arranged alternately; the acaulescent species produce basal rosettes. Plants always have leaves with stipules that are often leaf- like. The flowers of the vast majority of the species are strongly zygomorphic with bilateral symmetry and solitary, but occasionally form cymes. The flowers are formed from five petals; four are upswept or fan-shaped with two per side, and there is one, broad, lobed lower petal pointing downward.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has glabrous branchlets that are scarred in places where the phyllodes are lost and with caducous stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The crowded, patent and evergreen phyllodes have a triangular to oblong-triangular shape with a broad base. The phyllodes are in length and wide and have three to seven indistinct longitudinal nerves per face.
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Lathyrus sulphureus is a hairless perennial herb with leaves made up of many oval- shaped leaflets each up to 4 centimeters long. The leaves are tipped with branching, coiled tendrils and the large stipules may be over 2 centimeters long. The plant produces a dense inflorescence of up to 15 pea flowers which are often arranged in a line down one side of the stem. The flowers are light yellow to deep orange and darken as they age.
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These stipules are not sheath-forming. The hermaphroditic flowers are terminal, blooming singly or branched or forked in cymes. The inflorescence is usually dichasial at least in the lower parts, which means that in the axil of each peduncle (primary flower stalk) of the terminal flower in the cyme, two new single-flower branches sprout up on each side of and below the first flower. If the terminal flowers are absent, then this can lead to monochasia, i.e.
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Lathyrus delnorticus is an uncommon species of wild pea known by the common name Del Norte pea. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California, where it is a member of the serpentine soils flora. This is a hairless perennial herb producing a winged or flanged stem. The leaves are made up of several pairs of oval or lance-shaped leaflets and the stipules of the leaves are wide and toothed.
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The shrub has a sprawling, decumbent to semi-erect habit and typically grows to a height of and has minni ritchi style bark that is found at the at base of mature stems. The glabrous branchlets have persistent triangular shaped stipules that are around in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, thin-textured and flat phyllodes have a narrowly linear to linear-elliptic shape that is narrowed at the base.
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The family Araliaceae, to which the genus Polyscias including Ming aralia belongs, gives rise to a multitude of trees or shrubs that contain gum and resin ducts. As a whole, the family contains plants that have leaves of alternate, palmately or pinnately compound or simple, with stipules. The inflorescences are generally umbellate, and often arranges in compound umbels, caouttules, panicles or races. They possess flowers of smaller size than the dioecious which are bisexual or unisexual.
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It is an annual herb growing upright or decumbent in form, with hairless green or reddish herbage. The leaves are made up of finely toothed, oval shaped leaflets up to 1.5 centimeters long and bristle-tipped stipules. The inflorescence is a head of flowers roughly a centimeter wide, the flowers held in a bowl-like involucre of wide, jagged-toothed bracts. Each flower has a calyx of sepals that narrow into fine bristles and a pink corolla under one centimeter long.
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In 1875, however, Bentham narrowed his definition of Acacieae so as to include only Acacia Mill. The only morphological character of Acacieae used to distinguish it from the Ingeae is the presence of free stamens (as in tribe Mimoseae). In the Ingeae they are fused in the form of a tube, whereas in the Acacieae only a few species have the stamens fused at the base. Several characters of the foliage, seeds, seed pods, pollen, and stipules are shared by the two tribes.
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The stipules are triangular, thin and much longer than the petiole. The single flowers are long, usually in clusters at the end of short, side branches. The pedicels are long, bracts up to long, bracteoles long and inserted near the apex of the pedicel and remain at maturity. The yellow pea flowers have a splotch of red, the lower petals smaller than the upper lobes that are long and marginally longer than the long keel or wings of the flower.
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The tree typically grows to over to a maximum height of and has slender, brittle and pendulous branchlets with caducous and deltate stipules that have a length that is mostly less than . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The glaucous, evergreen and flexible phyllodes have a linear shape and straight with a small hook at the end. They have a length of and a width of and have one prominent vein with several others.
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Most species are trees or shrubs, a few are herbs (Boenninghausenia and Dictamnus), frequently aromatic with glands on the leaves, sometimes with thorns. The leaves are usually opposed and compound, and without stipules. Pellucid glands, a type of oil gland, are found in the leaves responsible for the aromatic smell of the family's members; traditionally they have been the primary synapomorphic characteristic to identify the Rutaceae. Flowers are bractless, solitary or in cyme, rarely in raceme, and mainly pollinated by insects.
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Plant- Undershrub, with mucilaginous juice, aerial, erect, cylindrical, branched, solid, green. Leaves- Alternate, simple, lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate to oblong, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex, coarsely and remotely serrate; petiole much shorter than the blade; stipulate, stipules free-lateral, unequally paired at the node, reticulate venation. Inflorescence- Cymose Flower- Small, axillary, 2-3 in a cluster; pedicels jointed at the middle, epicalyx absent, complete, bisexual, regular, actinomorphic, hypogynus, pentamerous, yellow. Calyx- Sepals 5, gamosepalous, campanulate, slightly accrescent, persistent, valvate.
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H. oelandicum plant on The Burren, Ireland The plant typically has a central stock from which numerous branches radiate horizontally or ascending. Stipules are absent and the small leaves (about 10mm long) are simple and green above but densely hairy and grey below which is a distinguishing characteristic in areas where H. nummularium is also present. The yellow flowers have 5 petals, free at the base and 5 sepals in cymes generally with 1 to 6 flowers in each cyme.
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Knightia excelsa, commonly called rewarewa (from Māori), is an evergreen tree endemic to the low elevation and valley forests of New Zealand's North Island and Marlborough Sounds (41° S) and the type species for the genus Knightia. Rewarewa grows to 30 m tall, with a slender crown. The leaves are alternate, leathery, narrow oblong, 10 – 15 cm long and 2.5 - 3.5 cm wide, and without stipules. The flowers are 2 - 3.5 cm long, bright red, and borne in racemes 10 cm long.
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It is a dioecious shrub approximately tall, its shoots and adaxial leaf surfaces covered with scattered stalked glands less than half a millimetre long. Its petiole is long and wide, with its stipules well differentiated, united with the petiole for . Its adaxial surface is subglabrous, eglandular, while the abaxial surface has scattered stalked glands especially on its primary and secondary veins. Inflorescences are terminal on short lateral shoots (brachyblasts); racemes are pendent, and the peduncle is long, with scattered stalked glands.
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Ribes colandina is a dioecious shrub approximately tall; densely to moderately tomentose from simple, curly trichomes long and with scattered subsessile glands, especially on young shoots and the abaxial leaf surface. Its petiole is long, wide; its stipules well differentiated, united with the petiole for . Inflorescences are terminal on short lateral shoots (brachyblasts); racemes pendent with a -long peduncle. The flowers are narrowly cyathiform, with the calyx and corolla a very dark red, x in size, covered with simple hairs long.
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The shrub has an erect or spreading habit and typically to a height of . It has glabrous or finely haired branchlets that are more or less terete with stipules that are . The green, rigid and clustered phyllodes sometimes clustered are straight and linear with a length of and a width of . It blooms mostly between August and October producing inflorescences that occur singly in axils and have spherical flower-heads with a diameter of containing 15 to 30 bright yellow flowers.
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The glabrous, diffuse and somewhat resinous shrub typically grows to a height of . It has prominently ribbed branchlets with no stipules and sessile, patent, green phyllodes with a narrowly triangular to linear- triangular shape that are in length and wide with a prominent midrib. It blooms between August and January with sporadic flowering at other times producing yellow flowers. It is very similar in appearance to Acacia ulicifolia (Prickly Moses) but is easily distinguished by the sticky appearance of A. rupicola.
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The leaves lack stipules and can be sessile or shortly petiolar, though long petioles exist in sections Adenosepalum and Hypericum. Basal articulation can be present, in which case leaves are deciduous above the articulation, or absent, in which case the leaves are persistent. Some species in sections Campylosporus and Brathys have an auricle-like, reflexed leaf base, whereas true auricles only exist in sections Drosocarpium, Thasia, and Crossophyllum. Laminar venation is highly variable, being dichotomous to pinnate to densely reticulate.
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The leaves have no sheath or stipules and are alternately arranged along the stem, are divided into a leaf stalk and leaf blade. The leaf blade is twice compounded or very deeply incised, first into three leaflets, themselves palmately compounded or deeply divided (this is called biternate), each leaflet being further divided into segments that themselves are lobed, resulting in seventy to one hundred segments of ¾-3¼ cm wide. At the end of the growing season the leaves may turn vivid red.
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Podolobiums vary in size and habit from upright to prostrate forms and stems usually have soft, smooth hairs. The leaves are arranged alternately, opposite or whorled, margins smooth or lobed. The leaf upper surface is covered with a network of veins, occasionally warty, edges rolled under or flat, stipules stiff, rolled under or spreading. The inflorescence are at the end of branches or in racemes in leaf axils, clusters or corymbs, with 3-lobed bracts and usually falling off as the flower matures.
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Wernham describes the vine as being close to S. venosa, but differing in its leaf-venation, its inflorescence and its longer calyx lobes. It has leaves which are about 8 cm by 4 cm, on stalks from 1 cm to more than 3 cm long. The stipules are about 5 mm long and 4 mm wide at the base. The peduncles are about 6 mm and the bracts 5 mm by 1.2 mm, with flowers on pedicels nearly 3 mm long.
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The slender prickly shrub typically grows to a height of and has an erect or spreading habit. It has orange to reddish brown coloured branches and hairy branchlets with narrowly triangular to setaceous long stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The glabrous, rigid, pungent and olive green coloured phyllodes appear quite crowded on the branchlets and are trowel shaped with a length of and a width of with a prominent midrib and absent lateral nerves.
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The leaves are awl-shaped, lack both stipules and a leaf stalk, either with entire margins or with distanced line-shaped lobes. The leaves and calyx are set with different sizes stalked glands or tentacles that secrete a resin. Two flowers of R. dentata, the one in the background showing three anthers still flipped down, the two in the back already turned up.The 5-merous bisexual flowers are set with several in racemes amidst the crowded leaves at the tip of the branches.
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The pungent shrub typically grows to a height of and has an open and spreading habit with sparely pilose and hairy branchlet with pungent stipules that are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The pungent, glabrous and evergreen phyllodes have an obtrinagular to obdeltate to shallowly obtriangular shape that are contiguous with the branchlet. The phyllodes have a length of and a width of and have a midrib near the abaxial margin.
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The low compact shrub typically grows to a height of . It has finely ribbed, green coloured branchlets that are quite hairy with persistent stipules that have a linear-triangular shape and are in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather then true leaves. The oblique, ovate to elliptic or circular shaped phyllodes have a length of and a width of and are also covered in hairs and sometimes have two or three imperfect nerves on each face.
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At the base of the petiole a pair of stipules form. These may fall in spring, or last for much of the summer or even for more than one year (marcescence). Willows all have abundant watery bark sap, which is heavily charged with salicylic acid, soft, usually pliant, tough wood, slender branches, and large, fibrous, often stoloniferous roots. The roots are remarkable for their toughness, size, and tenacity to live, and roots readily sprout from aerial parts of the plant.
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The plant grows to a height of up to . Stipules are absent, the taproot is white or brown, and the stem is quadrangular. Sub-sessile leaves are linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long, not lobed or divided, blunt at the tip, obtuse, entire or cerrulate, glandular, hispid and coarsely dentate at the margins. Whorls of many flowers are bisexual, sessile or sub-sessile, usually in terminal whorls in diameter, grouped together in an axillary, corolla white in color and 2 cm long.
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The tree or shrub is slender, has rough bark and typically grows to a height of . It blooms from July to September producing yellow flowers. The slightly fissured to shredded looking bark is present on the trunk and larger limbs with the angular upper branchlets that are glabrous and have resinous ridges and brown triangular stipules that are in height. The evergreen phyllodes have a linear to narrowly elliptic and linear-oblanceolate shape and can be slightly curved or straight.
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Koenigia davisiae is a perennial herb producing a decumbent or upright stem from a woody caudex, growing to a maximum erect height near 40 centimeters (3 feet). The leaves are oval and pointed or widely-lance-shaped to somewhat triangular, yellowish or pale green and waxy, slightly hairy, or smooth in texture. At the base of each leaf is a thin reddish sheath formed from the leaf's stipules which is known as the ochrea.Flora of North America, Aconogonon davisiae (W.
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The leaves are peltate (prominently in young plants, more narrowly in adult trees). The leaf margin is entire or glandular dentate (toothed or lobed). The leaves are usually prominently 3-5 ribbed from base, with lateral nerves 6-8 pairs, the tertiary nerves running nearly horizontal. The stipules are lateral and fall off, while the leaf also has a long petiole (4.5–10 cm) which is stout and swollen at the base, stellate tomentose along the length, and with two glands at the top.
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It is an erect, succulent annual herb which grows to up about 60 cm high, and has triangular to ovate leaves which are truncate or cordate at the base and about 5–10 cm long, with entire margins. The stipules form an almost complete sheath around the stem which disintegrates. The flowers are green with a red tinge, and have six perianth segments with the inner three becoming enlarged and papery when fruiting. The hard, red and reticulately veined fruit persist, giving rise to spectacular displays.
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Abundant turions are produced along the stem, especially in autumn as the plant disintegrates. Flat-stalked pondweed could be confused with other fine-leaved pondweeds within its range, especially Potamogeton obtusifolius but potentially also P. pusillus. The combination of open stipules, rounded tips to the leaves, dense flower spikes and a tendency to produce a mass of bushy growth at the surface all help to distinguish this plant, but use of a botanical key or flora is recommended. Potamogeton friesii is diploid, with 2n=26.
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Grass vetchling is an annual plant, with an erect stem branching from the base, and growing to a height of about 2 feet (0.7 m). It is entirely without true leaves, leaflets or tendrils. The leaf stalk, however, is flattened out until it closely resembles a blade of grass ending in a fine point, and the stipules at its base greatly help the deception. The crimson flowers come out in June and July, and are rather small, solitary and borne on a very long footstalk.
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Leaves trifoliate; leaflets hairy on both surfaces, smaller than those of Pueraria phaseoloides; terminal leaflet broadly ovate to ovate-rhomboid, lateral ones are obliquely broadly ovate, about to 4 to 5 cm long and a little less in width. Stipules small and triangular; small flowers borne in short axillary racemes of four to eight to 12 on hairy peduncles. Flowers blue with greenish-yellow blotch. Pods linear, compressed, 2.5 to 4 cm long, yellowish brown, densely covered with long erect hairs, four- to eight-seeded.
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Morphologically the subfamily is characterised by having 6 tepals and 6 stamens with a superior ovary, a characteristic which placed them within the older order of Liliales in many older classification systems, such as the Cronquist system, but they now separate from them within the Asparagales order. They have also been included in the family Liliaceae. Roots: contractile and mucilaginous. Leaves: fleshy and mucilaginous arranged in a basal rosette, alternate and spiral, simple, margin entire, with parallel venation, sheathing at the base, without stipules and hair simple.
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The flightless female resembles a curled dead leaf folded back on itself, and weighs twice as much as the males do. It has reduced wings that can be raised to reveal bright warning colors on the abdomen. The male has long functional wings that resemble a flat or rolled-up dead leaf at rest. When perched, males often assume a posture where the head, grasping legs and prothorax add to the camouflage effect by recreating the appearance of a dead leaf's shriveled petiole and stipules.
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Fagaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes beeches and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. The Fagaceae are deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Leaf characteristics of Fagaceae can be very similar to those of Rosaceae and other rose motif families.
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Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllym). Taxonomically speaking, Chamaesyce is considered a synonym of Euphorbia. Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllum is a large group with about 365 species. Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllum differs from other Euphorbia species in a number of characteristics. Perhaps the most important is the presence of C4 photosynthesis in all but one subsection (subsection Acutae, which represents a basal clade that is made up of species with intermediate C2 photosynthetic pathways). Other characteristics include sympodial branching, dorsi-ventral stems, asymmetric leaves, non-glandular stipules, and ecarunculate seeds.
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When aging, the flowers turn orangeBuds subtended by floral bractsL. prostratum is a low creeping shrub with trailing branches of up to long, with many originating from a woody underground rootstock. The flowering branches are straight, slender, about in diameter and covered in very short soft hairs and very shyly branching. The approximately erect, entire, linear leaves of long and wide have no leaf stalk or stipules at their base, with some short felty hairs that may get lost when aging have a dull olive-green color.
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The spreading diffuse shrub typically grows to a height of and has many branches. The hairy branchlets have a white-grey coloured epidermis that becomes fissured with age and spinose and straight stipules with a length of and often have hardened bases persisting. Like many species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The coriaceous, shiny, dark green and patent phyllodes have an ovate to widely elliptic shape and usually have a length of and a width of and has a prominent midrib.
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The spreading and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It can have an intricate, sprawling or compact habit and has glabrous branchlets that are often covered in a fine white powdery coating and have spny stipules that are in length and shallowly recurved. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The pungent, coraiceous and green dimidiate phyllodes are widest below or near or below the middle and are in length and in width with a midrib near the abaxial margin.
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Leaves are (simple). Leaves may appear one at a time (singly) with each occurrence on alternating sides of the stem (alternate),Apocynaceae, Thomas Rosatti, Jepson Herbarium but usually occur in pairs ( and rarely in whorls). When paired, they occur on opposite sides of the stem (opposite), with each pair occurring at an angle rotated 90° to the pair below it (decussate). There is no stipule (a small leaf-like structure at the base of the leaf stem), or stipules are small and sometimes fingerlike.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has a spreading habit. It has slightly ribbed and terete branchlets that are densely covered with straight spreading hairs and have acicular and persistent stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The sessile, rigid and evergreen phyllodes have a widely elliptic to oblong shape and are inequilateral with a length of and a width of and have three to four distant and raised main nerves.
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The tree can grow to a maximum height of that has obscure stipules on the branchlets. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes have a linear shape and are straight or slightly sickle shaped with a length of and a width of . The dark green coloured phylloeds are thin and pliable and have an apex that is occasionally uncinate and have six to nine anastomosing veins of which one to three are much more clearly defined than the others.
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The shrub can grow to a height of 3 m (9.8 ft) with the base of the stem reaching 12 cm (4.7 in) in thickness. The pale green leaves are very thin like a membrane, the surface of the leaf, stems and stalks are covered in stiff stinging hairs can grow up to long. These spines are prominent along the salient mid-vein and leaf margin. The leaves range from in width and in length, these are oppositely arranged and there are two stipules per node.
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Fruits, which are approximately 3 × 2 mm, are freely produced. Blunt-leaved pondweed could be confused with other fine-leaved pondweeds within its range, especially Potamogeton berchtoldii and P. friesii, but potentially also P. pusillus. The combination of open stipules, rounded tips to the leaves, dense flower spikes and a tendency to produce a mass of bushy growth at the surface all help to distinguish this plant, but use of a botanical key or flora is recommended. Potamogeton obtusifolius is diploid, with 2n=26.
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The taproot is large, with numerous branches extending to a depth of , with tough stems, often reddish, and unbranched until just below the inflorescence. The junctions of the petioles with the stems are covered by a sheath formed by two fused stipules known as an ocrea, a thin, paper-like membrane - a characteristic of the family Polygonaceae. The stem leaves are alternate and are narrowly ovate–lanceolate. The inflorescence consists of large clusters of racemes which contain small greenish flowers that change to red as they mature.
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The erect open shrub typically grows to a height of . It has branchlets with ovate shape stipules that are basally rounded and about in length anf wide and covered with a dense matting of woolly hairs. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The silvery-green phyllodes have a broadly elliptic to subrotund shape with a length of and a width of and usually have five or so main veins with a visible network of minor veins branching off.
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The leaves are big and round, and are up to long and wide, with cordate or rounded base, acute apex, and 5–7 main veins from the leaf base. Its petioles are up to long, and it has stipules of about long. The plant has oblate syconium that are up to wide, covered with yellow pubescence, and emerge from the trunk or old branches of the tree. The fresh fruit of this plant are consumed as food, and have diuretic, laxative and digestive regulating properties.
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Ripogonum (sometimes Rhipogonum) is a genus of flowering plants confined to eastern Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Until recently this genus was included in the family Smilacaceae, and earlier in the family Liliaceae, but it has now been separated as its own family Ripogonaceae (sometimes Rhipogonaceae). Like most species of the closely related Smilacaceae, most species of Ripogonum are woody vines. Differences from Smilacaceae include that Ripogonum lacks stipules, it has a wet rather than dry stigma, its seeds and leaves contain starch, and its guard cells contain oil.
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Viola decumbens is a small shrub with very fine granules on its green parts, and a woody base. The erect branching stems are up to high. It carries alternately set, slightly succulent, linear, green leaves long and ½—2 mm (0.02—0.08 in) wide with a pointed tip and an entire margin. The bracts (or stipules) to the right and left of the foot of the leaf proper are also linear, clinging to the leaf blade (or adnate), and with a small tooth on each side at the base.
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Sladeniaceae is a family of flowering plants containing tree species found in subtropical to tropical environments in East Africa (Ficalhoa), Burma, Yunnan, and Thailand (Sladenia). The family consists of trees with alternate, simple leaves without stipules, and flowers arranged in cymose inflorescences. The circumscription of the family is variable, with some systems describing the family as consisting solely of the genus Sladenia, which has been variously considered a member of the Theaceae, the Actinidiaceae, the Dilleniaceae, or the Ternstroemiaceae. Other systems include the genus Ficalhoa and possibly the genus Pentaphylax in a family with Sladenia.
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Leaf dimensions range from 5–30 mm long and 1.5–2.5 mm wide, and are observed to be simple, alternate and evergreen. Their shape is highly variable, commonly occurring as linear, narrow elliptic or narrow obovate but always exhibiting a spiky aristate apex. Leaf margins are flat to recurved, with the abaxial (lower) surface a darker shade than the adaxial (upper) surface. Leaf blades occur at right angles to the petiole, which is short and appressed to the stem, with pointed, soft, brown stipules occurring at the leaf base.
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The large and directly defensive thorn-like stipules of Vachellia collinsii are hollow, offering shelter for ants, which further protect the plant against herbivores. Plants have developed strategies that they use in their own defence, be they thorns (modified stems) or spines (modified leaves), stings, a thick cuticle or waxy deposits, with the second line of defence being toxic or distasteful secondary metabolites. Mechanical injury to the plant tissues allows the entry of pathogens and stimulates the plant to mobilise its chemical defences. The plant soon seals off the wound to reduce further damage.
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Swainsona procumbens is a spreading or ascending perennial with smooth or sparsely hair stems growing up to 50 cm high. The leaves are from 5 to 15 cm long, and pinnate with from 15 to 25 leaflets which have apices which are either notched or obtuse, and are 5–25 mm by 1–5 mm. The leaflet surfaces are without a covering or their lower surfaces may be densely covered in weak hairs. The leaves have stipules which are otten toothed and from 2 to 7 mm long.
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Berg and Rosselli describe in detail six types of trichomes that can be recognized on Cecropia and more information on each can be found in their paper. They are: thick unicellular hairs, thin unicellular hairs, pluricellular trichomes, cystolith hairs, pearl glands (or pearl bodies), and Müllerian bodies. Parts of the Cecropia such as the stipules, the spathes, and the main veins of the lamina have red-coloring substances. The concentration of the substances varies, even within species, and some parts can be green, bluish, pale pink, dark red, dark purple, and even blackish.
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The leaves are oval, long and broad, oblique at the base, acute or rounded at the apex, with a wavy-toothed or shallowly lobed margin, and a short, stout petiole long; the midrib is more or less hairy, stout, with six to seven pairs of primary veins. The young leaves open involute, covered with stellate rusty down; when full grown, they are dark green above, and paler beneath. In fall, they turn yellow with rusty spots. The leaf stipules are lanceolate, acute; they fall soon after the leaf expands.
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It has 3 pairs leaflets plus one at the tip, each narrowly ovate from .5 to 2 inches (1 cm to 6 cm) tip sharp, edge toothed, on a short stalk which is winged by the leafy stipules. Flowers are of fragrant white-pale yellow, and are usually 3 to 20 in dense heads, each stalked, the sepals long, narrow and hairy, soon fall, and have 5 petals about 2 cm long, tip rounded to square, with many stamens. The fruits are green at first, but later ripen to orange-red.
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Stipules grow between the base of the leaf stem and the stem, a rather rare character. Leaf stems have narrow wings on each side, which is a continuation of the leaf blades. Blades are about 12 cm long and 4–5 cm wide, leathery with a rounded tip, have a foot that gradually narrows into the wings of the leaf stem, and have widely spaced teeth along the margins, particularly in the distal half. These teeth are clear to see in leaves on young shoots but become very subtle on leaves on older growth.
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Indigofera linnaei is a spreading, usually prostrate woody herb, 15–50 cm high with a long taproot, which forms a flat mat up to 1.5 m across, and up to 45 cm high. The compound leaves are up to 3 cm long, with (generally) 7 or 9 obovate, alternate leaflets which have a mucronate apex and are about 8–15 mm long and 2–5 mm wide. The stipules are lanceolate (shaped like a lance-head) and about 5 mm long with broad, dry margins. The inflorescences are dense and up to 2 cm long.
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Stipules can be considered free lateral, adnate, interpetiolar, intrapetiolar, ochreate, foliaceous, bud scales, tendrillar or spiny. A stipule can be fused to the stem, or to the other stipule from the same node. A stipule is "adnate" if it's fused together on part of the petiole length, but the anterior is still free. A stipule is "interpetiolar" if it is located in between the petioles, as opposed to being attached to the petioles, and generally one stipule from each leaf is fused together, so it appears that there's just one stipule between each leaf.
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Acacia echinula, commonly known as hedgehog wattle, is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae that is endemic to New South Wales. The intricate multi-branched shrub typically grows to a height of and has hairy branchlets with long stipules. When it blooms it produces yellow coloured flowers. It is found in eastern parts of New South Wales from around Nowra in the south to Grafton in the north on hills and plains in sandy soils often over sandstone as a part of dry sclerophyll forest communities.
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Stipules form a leaf-like cup, enclosing the flower. The name of parsley piert has nothing to do with parsley. It is a corruption of the French perce-pierre, meaning 'stone-piercer' and was given to the plant because of its habit of growing in shallow, stony soil and emerging between stones. As in the case of saxifrage (from the Latin meaning 'stone-breaker') it was wrongly assumed that the plant could pierce stones; and it was thought that a medicine made of parsley piert would break up stones in the bladder and kidneys.
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There are three main nerves that are visible at least 3/4 of their length and there are three side nerves on each side. The leaf margins are hardly recognizable to weakly serrated or bitten out. On the upper side of the leaf there are two subdivided white furrows and this results in some silvery raised areas (hence the English designations "aluminum" or "watermelon plant"). The early falling, parchment- like stipules are initially green and brown when dry, and are 10 to 13 millimeters long and elongated with two ribs.
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The multi-branched obconic shrub typically grows to a height of . It is intricately branched with modeartely sized ribs with caducous hairs and long stipules with thickened bases and maroon red or dull brown coloured new shoots. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The grey-green to blue-green coriaceous phyllodes are wide spreading, usually with a narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic shape and a coarsely pungent tip The shallowly recurved phyllodes are in length and wide and have a prominent yellowish midrib.
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The spindly, open and viscid shrub typically grows to a height of . It is sparingly branched with glabrous branchlets that become roughened by stem-projections the once held the phyllodes in place and setaceous stipules with a elngth of in length.. Like most species of Acacia it has pyllodes rather than true leaves. The tick and evergreen phyllodes are crowded on the branchlets and are patent to erect. The phyllodes have a linear shape and are straight to shallowly curved with a length of and a width of with a resinous midrib and abaxial nerves.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and have a diffuse, spreading, openly branched and multi-stemmed habit. The main stems are usually slightly crooked and support an open croen with smooth grey coloured bark on the main stems that becomes a light bronze colour on the on upper branches. The terete and glabrous branchlets have yelloish to bronze coloured but obscure ribbing and spint stipules with a length of that are found less as the plants ages. Like mosr pecies of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing to tall, with a trunk up to in diameter, and a rounded crown. The bark is dark grey, and the shoots very stout, with large (1–2 cm), dark red, sticky resinous winter buds. The leaves are the largest of any rowan, dark green with impressed veining above, glaucous beneath, long and broad, with persistent 1 cm broad stipules. The pinnate leaves consist of 9–11 oblong-lanceolate leaflets cm long and broad, with an acute apex, serrated margins.
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Pelargonium coronopifolium is a diploid with a base chromosome number of 10 (2n=20). It is an upright, herbaceous subshrub with main stems of up to high, that are rough under the level of the leaves because of the remains of old leaves and stipules. A plant may sprout several stems from the underground rootstock. All above-ground parts are covered in short hairs that are pressed stifly against the surface, and fewer glandular hairs, except for the pistils, stamens, staminodes, petals, and the inside of the sepals.
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The leaves are green to slightly greyish in colour, with a flat to V-shaped leaf blade that has a linear to narrowly elliptical outline, usually long (full range ), and wide (rarely up to ). It gradually narrows into the petiole, has a short sharp tip, and the margin is entire or has irregular teeth near the tip. The leaf stem is shorter than the leaf blade, long (rarely up to ), with a groove on the upper side. At the leaf base are two reddish-brown, awl-shaped stipules of long and wide.
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The leaves are alternate, without stipules, and are mostly once-pinnate or twice-pinnate but can be unifoliate or trifoliate in some species (Rzedowski and Kruse 1979). Bursera microphylla reaches up to Jepson Manual Treatment — Bursera microphylla in height and its bark is light gray to white, with younger branches having a reddish color. The light foliage is made up of long, straight, flat, legume-like leaves which are composed of paired leaflets. It flowers in rounded yellow buds which open into small, star-shaped, white or cream flowers.
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Species occur in deserts, dry washes, ditches and on rocky outcrops, including at altitude. Fagonia laevis is a perennial herb of the United States desert southwest. It has opposite leaves, trifoliate with spinescent stipules, a pink corolla and smooth fruits. Under cultivation, F. indica has been found to have a long taproot and to its growth slowing where temperatures dipped below 65 F. Commercial Fagonia products available on the web should be viewed with caution by reason of there being little to no authentication as to species contained therein, based on DNA analysis.
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The epithet of the species, graveolens, refers to the strong, offensive, smell of its foliage. Casearia graveolens can be distinguished from other Casearia species by possessing narrowly lanceolate stipules, 5-10mm, caducous early, leaving a large conspicuous pale brown scar on young growth, the leaves possess 10-14 pairs of lateral veins, and possess dots and streaks, while being glabrous or glabrescent below. Another source, differentiating Casearia species in south-central Asia, uses the following characteristics to differentiate the species: Deciduous. The margin of leaves are crenulate, serrate or shallowly either, but infrequently entire.
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However, some Heliconius butterfly larvae have evolved enzymes that break down these toxins, allowing them to specialize on this genus. This has created further selection pressure on the host plants, which have evolved stipules that mimic mature Heliconius eggs near the point of hatching. These butterflies tend to avoid laying eggs near existing ones, which helps avoid exploitative intraspecific competition between caterpillars — those that lay on vacant leaves provide their offspring with a greater chance of survival. Most Heliconius larvae are cannibalistic, meaning that on leaves older eggs hatch first and eat the new arrivals.
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The bark of the stem is grayish brown, and the stipules, which are outgrowths on either side of the base of a leaf stalk, are thin and deciduous. The leaves of the shrub are alternate and deciduous. The petiole, which attaches the leaf blade to the stem, is approximately 3–5 mm long. The leaf blades vary between 35–74 mm longitudinally and 10-32 mm laterally and come in a diverse shapes, including wide, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, eventually narrowing to acute to obtuse point at the apex.
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Stipules at the base of the leaf stems are absent, while the leaf stems themselves are about 1 cm long and are covered with felty hairs. The leaf blades are robust, large, and have a long inverted egg-shape (7–12 × 3–5½ cm). The base is rounded to slightly wedged, the margin is slightly serrated, particularly in towards the tip and the tip is pointed or blunt. The top of the leaf blade is darker green and without hair, the underside is lighter and has some hair.
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They are 2–6 cm in length and 1-2.5 cm wide, glabrous on both surfaces and pubescent on the margins, the petioles are 1–4 mm in length. Provided with two thorns (modified stipules), deciduous at the base of the leaves, the flowers are clustered in inflorescences (terminal Flower heads) resembling the hard, scaly flower heads of the familiar, European wildflowers the knapweeds (also members of the Asteraceae). The flowers are white and hermaphrodite, 5 stamens with the anthers attached. The fruit is a cylindrical achene about 3-3.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, pubescent, reddish pappi 5 mm long.
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In a larger group of species, specimens are killed by fire, and their survival depends on the seeds. In all species, seeds are collected by ants, which take them to their underground nests to feed on their ant breads, a seed dispersal strategy known as myrmecochory. This ensures that the seeds do not burn, so new plants can grow from them. Leucospermum species mostly have seated, simple, mostly leathery, often softly hairy leaves, set in a spiral, with entire margins or more often, with 3–17 blunt teeth with thickened, bony tips, and without stipules at their foot.
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The acacias provide shelter for ants in similar swollen stipules and nectar in extrafloral nectaries for their symbiotic ants, such as Crematogaster mimosae. In turn, the ants protect the plant by attacking large mammalian herbivores and stem-boring beetles that damage the plant. The predominantly herbivorous spider Bagheera kiplingi, which is found in Central America and Mexico, feeds on nubs at the tips of the acacia leaves, known as Beltian bodies, which contain high concentrations of protein. These nubs are produced by the acacia as part of a symbiotic relationship with certain species of ant, which also eat them.
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Detail of a leaf A leaf wrapped around prey Detail of a flower Drosera regia plants are fairly large herbs that produce horizontal woody rhizomes and a crown of large, linear leaves up to long and wide. The leaves possess stalked glands (tentacles) on the upper surface of the lamina along nearly the entire length of the leaf. The leaves lack petioles and stipules, emerging by circinate vernation (uncurling) and tapering to a filiform point. The tentacles and the leaf itself are capable of responding to prey by bending toward insects trapped in the sticky mucilage produced by the glands.
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Shrub to 1m tall, twigs zig-zag shaped, pale green to olive, terete, internodes 10–14 mm. Leaves alternate, bipinnately compound, with a pair of spiny incurved basal stipules, 1.0-2.5 mm. Rachis 1.0-2.0 mm, with one pair of terminal pinnae, an acuminate to deltoid bract clasping the base of pinnae, small gland opposite the bract between the pinnae, rachilla 5.0-13.0 mm. Leaflets alternate, ovate to elliptic, 2.5-5.5 mm x 0.5-1.5 mm, with 13-17 leaflets per rachilla, margin entire. Inflorescence a capitulum, red to deep maroon, 5.0-8.5 mm in diameter, peduncle hirtellous, 4.0-13.5 mm.
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Cliffortia species are mostly upright shrubs, but some species develop into small trees of up to 5 m (16½ ft) high, are more or less herbaceous groundcover or grow in a dense tangle. The stipules have merged with the base of the leaf and form a sheath around the branch. The leaves are alternately arranged along the stems, and may consist of three, two or only one leaflet with one or several main veins, seated or on a leaf stalk. Leaflets may be thin or leathery, broad to needle-shaped, with the margin serrated or entire, and may have a spiny tip.
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The leathery leaves are alternately set, at an upward angle and overlapping and lack both stipules and a leaf stalks. The leaves are narrow to broadly oval with an entire margin and a blunt thickened tip, 2½–4 cm (1.0–1.6 in) long and ¾–2 cm (0.3–0.8 in) wide. Its surface has rather few felty hairs and a fringe of felty hairy. The inflorescences at the top of the shoots are cylinder-shaped, are 10–40 cm (4–16 in) long and contain forty to one hundred twenty densely crowded flower heads, at a steep upward angle, hiding a crest of very small, almost vertical leaves.
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Nicobariodendron sleumeri is a dioecious evergreen tree of 8–35 m high, with simple, alternately set leaves without stipules. A leaf consists of a leaf stalk of 3–8 mm long, and an oblong oval to oblong inverted egg-shaped, leathery, hairless and shiny green leaf blade of 5½-10 × 2–4 cm, with a foot that gradually narrows into the leaf stalk, an entire margin, and a blunt end that abruptly changes in a pointed tip of ½-1¼ cm. The leaf is pinnately veined with five to nine pairs of secondary veins. Male flowers sit in spikes in the axils of the leaves.
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Mimetes capitulatus is an evergreen, rounded shrub of about 2 m (7 ft) high that develops from a single trunk, and has a densely branched crown. Older specimens also develop several, usually unbranched straggling shoots. The branches are 5–8 mm (0.20–0.32 in) thick and are initially covered with greyish felty hairs that wear off later on. The leaves are set alternately along the branches, slightly overlapping at an upward angle. They lack stipules and leaf stalks, are lance- to egg-shaped in outline, 2–3½ cm (0.8–1.4 in) long and ¾–2 cm (0.3–0.8 in) wide, with an entire margin ending sharply pointy in one thickened tip.
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The trees of D. turbinatus are lofty, growing 30-45m tall. The bark is gray or dark brown, and is shallowly longitudinally fissured and flaky. Branchlets are glabrescent. The leaf buds are falcate, with both buds and young twigs densely gray and puberulous. The stipules are 2–6 cm, densely, shortly dark grayish or dark yellow puberulous; the petiole is 2–3 cm, densely gray puberulous or glabrescent; the leaf blade is ovate-oblong, 20-30 × 8–13 cm, leathery, glabrous or sparsely stellate pubescent, lateral veins are in 15-20 pairs conspicuously raised abaxially, base rounded or somewhat cordate, margin entire or sometimes sinuate, apex acuminate or acute.
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Brassicaceae () or Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum). The family contains 372 genera and 4,060 accepted species. The largest genera are Draba (440 species), Erysimum (261 species), Lepidium (234 species), Cardamine (233 species), and Alyssum (207 species).
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Begonia gironellae is an endemic species of Begonia discovered in Tanabag, Puerto Princesa, in northern Palawan, Philippines. The species resembled Begonia cleopatrae, in that both species have widely ovate, variegated leaves, and fleshy hairs fused into a ring at the base of the leaf petiole. However, Begonia gironellae differed from B. cleopatrae due to its rosette habit with rhizome shorter to 5 cm long, with very congested internodes, widely triangular stipules, differently-sized lamina and bracts, and capsule with wider abaxial wing. Additionally, B. gironellae is a lowland species occurring in broadleaved seaside forests, while B. cleopatrae grows on hill forest at ca. 400m.
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It is an evergreen tree or that measures up to 15 m (50 ft) tall and over 2 m (80 in) in diameter, soft, thin and brown bark, with deep vertical cracks, it is one of the few genera of asteraceae which are trees. The leaves are alternate, entire edge, elliptical shaped with acute apex which ends in a mucro. The leaves are yellowish green, 2-6 long and 1–2.5 cm wide, glabrous on both surfaces and pubescent on the margins, the petioles are 1–4 mm long. Provided with two thorns (modified stipules), deciduous at the base of the leaves, the flowers are clustered in inflorescences (terminal Flower heads).
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Trifolium arvense is a small erect herbaceous annual or biennial plant, growing to 10–40 cm tall. Like all clovers, its leaves are trifoliate, divided into three slender, sessile leaflets 1–2 cm long and 3–5 mm broad, sometimes edged with small hairs and finely serrated. The leaves have a pair of stipules at the base, often tipped in red. The flowers are grouped in a dense inflorescence 2–3 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad; each flower is 4–5 mm long, rosy white in colour, and especially characterised by the many silky white hairs which tip the five sepals, which are much larger than the petals.
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The leaves are simple, alternately arranged, ovate to cordate, asymmetrical, unequal at the base (the side nearest the branch the largest), (can grow up to ) long and broad, with a long, slender petiole, a coarsely serrated margin and an acuminate apex. Bean noted that occasionally, enormous leaves measuring long by wide appear on thick, succulent shoots. They open from the bud conduplicate, pale green, downy; when full grown are dark green, smooth, shining above, paler beneath, with tufts of rusty brown hairs in the axils of the primary veins; the small stipules fall soon after leaf opening. The fall color is yellow-green to yellow.
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Ceanothus prostratus is part of the subgenus Cerastes, a clade of Ceanothus that is generally characterized by traits like opposite leaves, persistent corky stipules, and horned fruits (hence the name "Cerastes" which comes from the Greek for "having horns"). This subgenus likely began diversifying at the beginning of the Pliocene roughly 6 million years ago, when cool, dry conditions combined with the uplift of the Coast Ranges to create new and diverse habitats. The closest relatives of C. prostratus within the subgenus Cerastes are Ceanothus pinetorum and Ceanothus purpureus, based on a phylogeny produced in a 2011 paper. Ceanothus prostratus is a common nitrogen-fixing shrub, often found with Purshia tridentata.
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Salix triandra is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to tall, usually multistemmed, with an irregular, often leaning crown. Young bark is smooth grey-brown, becoming scaly on older stems with large scales exfoliating (like a plane tree) to leave orange-brown patches. The leaves are broad, lanceolate, 4–11 cm long and 1–3 cm wide, with a serrated margin; they are dull dark green above and green to glaucous-green below, with a 1–2-cm petiole with two conspicuous basal stipules. The flowers are produced in catkins in early spring at the same time as the new leaves, and pollinated by insects.
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Cadaba farinosa is a usually much branched shrub, mostly high, but under favorable circumstances a shrub of or a tree up to . It has a smooth, reddish brown bark, while young branches appear powdery due to scales or short spreading hairs. The simple and entire leaves are alternate set along the branches, and have narrow, persistent stipules of up to 1½ mm (0.06 in) long, at both sides of an up to long leaf stalk, which carries an oblong or elliptical leaf blade of long and wide, rounded or pointed with a short stiff tip. When young, the leaves appear powdery, but they become gradually hairless.
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Leucospermum winteri, habitLeucospermum winteri is a small, evergreen, rounded shrub of about 1⅓ m (4¼ ft) high and up to 2 m (6½ ft) in diameter, that develops from a single stem. The flowering branches are covered in downy hairs and are ½–¾ cm (0.2–0.3 in) thick. The leaves are set alternately along the branches somewhat overlapping at an upward angle, and lack both stipules and stalk. They are broadly inverted egg-shaped to broadly wedge-shaped, 4–7 cm (1.6–2¾ in) long and 2–4½ cm (0.8–1.8 in) wide, and are initially covered in soft crisped hairs with some straight hairs in between, that vanish later on.
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The leaf has a different texture on each side; the abaxial (top) side of the leaf is hairy while the adaxial (bottom) side is smooth. The leaf's blade has an inversely-ovate to oblong-round shape and is approximately 4 to 7 centimeters long and approximately 1 millimeter wide. The upper sides of the leaves have a hairy, shaggy texture with glandular hairs, while the undersides of the leaves have thread-like trichomes that measure 2 to 2.5 millimeters long and are of golden color. The stipules are rectangular and have membranous schlitzblättrig with the slit measuring up to 7 millimeters long and about 6 millimeters wide.
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The common marsh-marigold mostly has several flowering stems of up to 80 cm long, carrying – mostly several – seated leaflike stipules – or the lower ones may be on a short petiole -, and between four and six (but occasionally as few as one or as many as twenty five) flowers. The flowers are approximately 4 (2–5½) cm in diameter. There are four to nine (mostly five) petal-like, brightly colored – yolk yellow, white or magenta -, inverted egg-shaped sepals, each about 1¾ (1–2½) cm long and 1⅓ (¾–1¾) cm wide with a blunt or sometimes acute tip. Real petals and nectaries are lacking.
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This is a large, evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall and with a dbh of up to 100 cm. As with all other species of Magnolia, the twigs have stipules that enclose the twig tips and leave conspicuous circular scars after falling off. The leaves are spirally arranged, usually oblong, rather small for a Magnolia (usually 6-9 x 3-4.5 cm) and, like the other parts of the plant, almost completely glabrous. Only on the upper side of the petiole and on the lower side of the lamina, next to the midrib, there is a thin, but conspicuous line of brown hairs.
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Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by syncarpous,Of a gynoecium, made up of united carpels apparently bisexual (but actually mostly cryptically unisexual) flowers borne in panicles, cymes, spikes, or clusters. Most species are evergreen, but some are deciduous, either in the dry season or in winter. The family includes about 53 genera and about 600 known species, with a pantropical distribution; one genus (Toona) extends north into temperate China and south into southeast Australia, another (Synoum) into southeast Australia, and another (Melia) nearly as far north.
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Passiflora loefgrenii, the garlic passion fruit, is a passion flower that was first formally described 1997 by Fabio Augusto Vitta. The plant is named after Albert Löfgren , the first known collector. Passiflora loefgrenii is a perennial, climbing vine. The stems are smooth, round and thin. In the leaf axils are kidney-shaped stipules of up to 3.5 cm long, which the tendrils flank. The sheet steal are up to 7 cm long. The alternately arranged leaves are tri-lobed with smooth edges and 5 to 9.5 x 5.5 to 14 cm. The solitary penduncles are 11–20 cm long. The flowers are purple, bluish violet and white in color and 9–12 cm wide.
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The thirteen species currently assigned to the genus Mimetes are evergreen, low shrubs to small trees of ½–6 m (1⅔–20 ft) high. Its leaves lack stipules, are set alternately along the branches, without a leaf stalk, at an upward angle or more or less overlapping, long inverted egg-shaped, oval or long diamond-shaped, 1½–8¼ cm (0.6–3.2 in) long and ½–4 cm (0.2–1.6 in) wide, with an entire margin, thickened at the tip and often with mostly three teeth clustered close together. After the flower heads in the axils of the leaves have been shed, the dormant growing tip is activated and produces the next inflorescence. It has twelve homologous sets of chromosomes (2n=24).
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Leaves alternate, petiole 2–6 mm long,Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena, 2008 leaves are elliptic-lanceolate 2–6 cm long and 1,5–3 cm wide, thick and leathery, apex and base are attenuate, irregularly toothed margins. Reddish and deciduous stipules. Flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual, in groups of 2–3 in the axils; five sepals about 1 mm long; five petals wine colored in 2–3,5 mm, ovary reduced in male flowers with five stamens; in female, the ovoid ovary ends in a short style and this in its turn, in flat bi-lobed stigmas. Fruit capsule 6–8 long and 5 mm wide, two valves which contain 1 to 2 seeds.
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Trees 10–30 m tall; trunk 10–50 cm dbh, with narrow buttresses ca. 2 m tall; bark smooth, white to gray with dark lenticels. Branchlets light brown-gray, lenticellate; stipules ca. 4 mm long. Petioles 0.6-1.2 cm long; leaf blades, oblong to elliptic, 7–26 cm long, 2.6-10.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base obliquely attenuate to rounded, margins entire, chartaceous to subcoriaceous when dry, dull dark green above, dull light green beneath, glabrous and smooth on both sides, lateral veins 3-5, palmately veined at the base of the leaf blade. Inflorescences axillary compound dichasia, 1-2.5 cm long, with 8-17 flowers, the perfect flowers toward the apex and staminate flowers toward the base.
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The leaf stalk or petiole is long, is often tinged red with no stipules or leaf-like structures at the base. The monoecious (or bisexual) yellow-green flowers are produced after the leaves in early summer, in May or June in the British Isles, on pendulous panicles long with about 60–100 flowers on each stalk. The fruits are paired winged seeds or samaras, the seeds in diameter, each with a wing long developed as an extension of the ovary wall. The wings are held at about right angles to each other, distinguishing them from those of A. platanoides and A. campestre, in which the wings are almost opposite, and from those of A. saccharum, in which they are almost parallel.
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Pentadiplandra brazzeana is a monoecious shrub of maximally , but can also develop into a liana, climbing up to high in the trees. The shrub morph usually has a mass of branched bulging roots, while the liana morph has a large, fleshy tuber. The branches are without hair and carry alternately set, simple and entire leaves, without stipules at the base of the ½–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) long leaf stalk. The hairless leaf blade is elliptical to oblanceolate, long and 1½–5 cm (0.6–2 in) wide, with a wedge- shaped base, a pointed tip, a dull or shining dark green upper surface and a dull dark green lower surface, and a central vein that branches feather-like into five to eleven pairs of side veins.
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They are shrubs or small trees, which rarely reach a size of 4 m in height. The branches are purple brown when young, greyish brown when old, cylindrical, initially brown tomentose, glabrous in old age. Petiole 0.5-1.8 cm or almost absent, slightly brown or tomentose, subglabra; stipules deciduous, lanceolate, little brown tomentose, acuminate apex; ovate blade blade, oblong, rarely obovate, oblong- lanceolate, narrowly elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, (2 -) 4-8 × 1.5-4 cm, coriaceous, abaxially prominent veins, abaxially visible reticular veins and visible or non-adaxially, back pale, glabrous or scarcely tomentose, shiny adaxially, glabrous, the apex obtuse, acute acuminate. The inflorescences in panicles or terminal of clusters, with many or few flowers; pedicels and peduncles rusty-tomentose; bracts and deciduous bracteoles.
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Mimetes stokoei is an evergreen, upright, slender, column-like, mostly unbranched shrub of 1–2 m (3– ft) high, with the main stem up to cm (1 in) thick at ground level. In the upper part it may sometimes have up to three, felty hairy branches – cm (0.2–0.3 in) thick. The pointed, ovate or broadly oval leaves are set alternately along the branches, at an upward angle and somewhat overlapping, and lack both stipules and petioles. They are 5–8 cm (2.0–3.2 in) long and –4 cm (1.0–1.6 in) wide, silvery due to a dense layer of silky hairs, have a slightly heart-shaped base, and an entire margin with a prominent tooth at the tip, secunded by two smaller teeth.
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Jayaweera (1981) at Sindhrot in Vadodara District of Gujarat, India. Avaram senna is a much branched shrub with smooth cinnamon brown bark and closely pubescent branchlets. The leaves are alternate, stipulate, paripinnate compound, very numerous, closely placed, rachis 8.8-12.5 cm long, narrowly furrowed, slender, pubescent, with an erect linear gland between the leaflets of each pair, leaflets 16-24, very shortly stalked 2-2.5 cm long 1-1.3 cm broad, slightly overlapping, oval oblong, obtuse, at both ends, mucronate, glabrous or minutely downy, dull green, paler beneath, stipules very large, reniform-rotund, produced at base on side of next petiole into a filiform point and persistent. Its flowers are irregular, bisexual, bright yellow and large (nearly 5 cm across), the pedicels glabrous and 2.5 cm long.
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Brexia is a shrub or small tree, usually 3–7, but occasionally up to 10 m high with many branches, that are smooth with ridges early on but later becoming cylindrical. The leaves are evergreen, with a leaf stem mostly 1–2 cm long, but sometimes very short. The leathery leaf blades are between 3½ and 50 cm long and 2 and 11 cm wide, with large differences in shape, narrowly inverted egg-shaped to linear with teeth or even spines along the edges in young growth, while on mature shoots they may be narrowly to broadly inverted egg-shaped and the edge toothy to entire, with a rounded to indented tip, and wedged along the leaf stem or rounded at the base. The stipules are very narrow.
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Mimetes chrysanthus is an evergreen, upright, sparingly branching shrub of 1½–2 m (5–6½ ft) high, with a single main trunk of 4–6 cm (1⅔–2⅓ in) thick at its base. From this trunk develop stiff, upright branches of about 2 cm (¾ in) thick, covered by smooth grey bark. The flowering branches are 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) thich and are covered with a dense layer of minute, powdery crisped hairs. The leaves are set alternately along the branches, lack stipules but are narrowed at their base to a stalk of 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long. The blade is broadly lance-shape to elliptic, 3–4½ cm (1.2–1.8 in) long and 1–1¾ cm (0.4–0.7 in) wide, initially with some minute, powdery crisped hairs, that will wear off with time.
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Mimetes palustris is an evergreen shrub, of mostly about ½ m (1½ ft), seldomly 1 m high, and up to ¾ m (2½ ft) in diameter, that develops from an upright main stem of up to ½ cm (0.2 in) thick, which is covered by brown bark. At 5–10 cm (2–4 in) above the ground, several vigorous, upright, unbranched shoots emerge, as well as many lax horizontal runners that occasionally fork. Both types of shoot are 1½–3 mm (0.06–0.12 in) thick, initially covert in rusty-coloured felty hairs, but becoming hairless with age. The leathery leaves are alternately set and lack both stipules and a leaf stalk, are lance-shaped, elliptic to very broadly oval near the inflorescences, 1½–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long and ½–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) wide, and have a pointy, thickened tip.
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They are trees reaching up to 30 m height and 70 cm in diameter. The heartwood is dark green. Leaves alternate, simple, spirally arranged, obovate, coriaceous, measuring from 14,4 to 25,5 cm long and from 15 to 29,2 cm broad; short and tomentose pubescence on the bottom, much more noticeable in the main vein, and can be felt by touching it; the stipules are large and covered with short and soft pubescence. The flowers are cream color, with a bract on the flower bud covered with a short and deciduous indumentum; they have three sepals and eight thick petals. The fruits are elliptical and asymmetric, measuring from 4,2 to 6,7 cm large and from 3,2 to 3,6 cm broad; the central axis of the fruit has a length of 4,5 to 5,3 cm and 1,4 to 1,7 cm wide; opens irregularly due to the detachment of its carpels.
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A herb, 60 cm high, with a creeping rooting base. Stem erect, somewhat fleshy, subflexuous, pubescent to tomentose in the upper portion, up to 5 cm thick in the lower portion. Leaves papery when dry, obovate-elliptic to elliptic, shortly acuminate, narrowing to an obtuse base, margin entire or wavy, 14–18 cm long, 5–8 cm wide, glabrous, paler green beneath; lateral nerves 8–10 on each side, curving upwards and uniting within the margin, prominent beneath; petiole more or less pubescent, about 1.2 cm or less in length. Stipules subulate, 5–6 cm or less in length, generally falling before the leaves. Inflorescence solitary in the upper leaf-axils; stalk 1.2– 2 cm long, puberulous; receptacle flattened or somewhat convex, orbicular, 2.5–4.5 cm in diameter, including the broad membranous margin (7–10 cm wide), which is prolonged into numerous (about 15) very unequal bract-arms, a few from 1.2– 2 cm long, the remainder short, from 2.5–7.5 cm long.
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Flower of Ranunculus glaberrimus Glacier buttercup Ranunculus glacialis Sagebrush buttercup (Ranunculus glaberrimus) Straightbeak buttercup (Ranunculus orthorhynchus) Creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) Ranunculus asiaticus, a cultivated form Seed head of Ranunculus showing developing achenes Buttercups are mostly perennial, but occasionally annual or biennial, herbaceous, aquatic or terrestrial plants, often with leaves in a rosette at the base of the stem. In many perennial species runners are sent out that will develop new plants with roots and rosettes at the distanced nodes. The leaves lack stipules, have petioles, are palmately veined, entire, more or less deeply incised, or compound, and leaflets or leaf segments may be very fine and linear in aquatic species. The hermaphrodite flowers are single or in a cyme, have usually five (but occasionally as few as three or as many as seven) mostly green sepals and usually five yellow, greenish or white petals that are sometimes flushed with red, purple or pink (but the petals may be absent or have a different, sometimes much higher number).
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The ivy-leaved pelargonium is a perennial plant that scrambles over the surrounding vegetation and its somewhat succulent, slender and smooth, 3–10 mm (0.12–0.40 in) thick stems can grow to a length of about 2 m (7 ft). The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem, but sometimes seem to be opposite. The leaves have broad oval to triangular stipules of about 7 mm (0.28 in) long and 4 mm (0.16 in) wide, a leaf stalk of ½–5½ cm (0.2–2.2 in) long, and a hairy or hairless, green to greyish green, sometimes with a differently colored semicircular band, more of less fleshy, circular to heart-shaped in outline, on average 3 cm (1.2 in) long and 5 cm (2.0 in) wide (full range 1–6¾ cm × 1¾–8¾ cm). The leaf blade has five shallow or deeper sharp or blunt tipped lobes that spread radially from a point with an entire margin.
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Habit. Mimetes saxatilis is an evergreen, upright, rarely branching shrub of 1–2¼ m (3⅓–7¼ ft) high. Its branches are ½–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) thick, initially densely felty, later becoming hairless. After the leaves are shed, cospicuous marks remain. The leathery leaves are alternately set, at a slight upward angle and somewhat overlapping and lack both stipules and a leaf stalks. The leaves are elliptic to broadly oval, 3½–5 cm (1.4–2.0 in) long and 1½–3 cm (0.6–1.2 in) wide with an entire margin and a blunt thickened tip or with three crowded teeth, with a row of hairs along the rim and an initially felty, later hairless surface. The inflorescences at the top of the shoots are cylinder-shaped, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) in diameter below a crest of green, oval or elliptic, more or less upright leaves.
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C. scaposa differs from C. palustris that co-occurs with it over its entire distribution area because it is much smaller (usually below 20 cm versus usually over 30 cm), leaves are much smaller (1–4 cm compared to 3–25 cm long), flowers are usually solitary (but sometimes with two) with twenty to forty stamens, on a stem that mostly is nude, but occasionally has one small stipule (in C. palustris flowers have fifty to one hundred twenty stamens and are usually with four to nine on a stem that has several stipules, although one or two flowers per stem sometimes occur). The most conclusive difference is the stipitate (stalked) follicles in C. scaposa which are sessile (seated) in C. palustris. The general hart- or kidney-shape of the leaves and the yolk yellow of the flowers are shared characters. C. natans is a floating species with leaves along the rooting stems and with white or pink flowers of less than 1½ cm.
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Proceedings of a seminar. Bangkok, RECOFTC. An Ulin tree discovered in 1993 in Kutai National Park, is one of the largest plants in Indonesia. It is an estimated 1,000 years old, and has increased its diameter from 2.41 to 2.47 metres in the 20 years since its discovery. Its height was however reduced from some 30 metres to only 20 after a lightning strike. Another at Sangkimah in the west of the park has a diameter of 2.25 metres and a height of some 45 metres. The trees' leaves are dark green, simple, leathery, elliptical to ovate, 14–18 cm long (5.5–7.5 inches) and 5–11 cm wide (2–4 inches), and are alternate, rarely whorled or opposite, without stipules and petiolate. The leaf blade is entire (unlobed or lobed in Sassafras) and occasionally with domatia (crevices or hollows serving as lodging for mites) in axils of main lateral veins (present in Cinnamomum).
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Mimetes arboreus is a large shrub or small tree of 2–6 m (6½–20 ft) high that grows from a smooth, stout, prominent trunk of 10–36 cm (⅓–1 ft) wide. Branches occur from ½–1 m (1½–3 ft) above the ground which fork regularly higher up and so constitute a rounded crown. The trunk and branches are covered in a smooth grey bark with horizontal stripes that develops lower down into a corky layer of about 1 cm (0.4 in) thick, crossed by a network of cracks. The pointy, lance-shaped leaves are set alternately along the branches, at an upward angle and overlapping, and lack both stipules and stalk. They are 5–8¼ cm (2.0–3.3 in) long and ¾–3¼ cm (0.3–1.3 in) wide, silvery due to a dense layer of silky hairs, have an entire margin with a reddish amber-coloured thickened tip, seldomly with three teeth.
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Mimetes hottentoticus is an evergreen shrub of mostly 1½–2 m (5–7 ft), occasionally up to 3 m (10 ft) high, which has upright branches that develop from a single trunk of up to 10 cm (4 in) thick, but its shape may vary from slender and sparingly branching to rounded and profusely branching, in which case it may reach a diameter of about 2 m (7 ft). The branches are 5–8 mm (0.20–0.32 in) thick and are initially covered with greyish felty hairs, but older growth has lost both its indumentum and its leaves. The leaves are set alternately olong the branches, at an upward angle or slightly overlapping. They lack stipules and leaf stalks, are egg-shaped or broadly egg-shaped in outline, 5–7½ cm (2–3 in) long and 2¾–4 cm (1.1–1.8 in) wide, with an entire margin except for three blunt teeth close together at the tip of the leaf, seldom without teeth.
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The vine is glabrous throughout. The stem is subangular, striate, and rather stout. Stipules are deeply cleft into linear or subulate, gland-tipped segments. Petioles are 1 to 2 cm long, often bearing a few stiff, gland-tipped hairs. Leaves are cordate-deltoid, 4 to 7 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, obscurely hastate or not lobed, acute or obtusish at apex, deeply cordate at base, repand-crenulate (often with minute glands in the sinuses of the crenations at the tips of the nerves), 5-nerved, coriaceous, often sublustrous. Peduncles are solitary, 2 to 3 cm long. Bracts are 2 to 3 cm, long pectinate or once pinnatifid (segments gland-tipped, scarcely longer than width of rachis), rarely bipinnatifid, but the rachis at least 2 mm. wide. Flowers are 5 to 8 cm wide, white. Sepals are linear or linear- lanceolate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, 5 to 8 mm wide at base, obtuse, corniculate just below apex, the horn being up to 7 mm long, subfoliaceous.
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Dried specimens of L. pedunculatum and L. prostratum can be difficult to distinguish, but although both are prostrate species, the growth habits in the field differ considerably. In L. pedunculatum many horizontally spreading branches develop from an about main stem, in L. prostratum the branches rise from an underground woody rootstock. The leaves are alternately set along the stem, distanced and slightly pointing towards the tip of the branch or overlapping, mostly without, sometimes with a leaf stalk but always without stipules at their base, 1½–14 cm (0.6–5.6 in) long and linear, elliptic, oblanceolate, oval, inverted egg-shaped or spade-shaped, the edge entire or with up to 17 teeth towards the tip, hairless or with a covering of soft cringy one-celled hairs, sometime interspersed with longer straight silky hairs. The flower heads are seated or have a short stalk, and grow individually in species with large heads or with two to ten together in species with smaller heads, in the axils of the leaves near the end of the branches.
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Mimetes splendidus is an evergreen, rather sparsely branching, upright shrub of up to 2½ m (8 ft) high, which develops from a single trunk of up to 6 cm (2½ in) thick that is covered by a thin, grey bark with a smooth surface except for the horizontal striping. In older specimens, the lower stems have lost their leaves. Young branches are stiffly upright, seldomly branching, silky hairy and 6–10 mm (0.24–0.40 in) thick, later tilting over. The leaves are set alternately along the branches, at an upward angle and overlapping. They lack both stipules and leaf stalks, are broadly lance-shaped or elliptic, 4–5½ cm (1.6–2.2 in) long and 1¼–2½ cm (½–1 in) wide, are silvery in colour due to a dense covering of silky hairs, with more or less pointy tips, often with three or four reddish or amber-coloured, thickened teeth closely cropped. The inflorescence is broadly cylinder-shaped, 8–12 cm (3¼–4¾ in) long and 6–8 cm (2⅓–3¼ in) in diameter, topped by smallish, more or less flattened, silvery-pink leaves.
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Kleinhovia hospita is an evergreen, bushy tree growing up to 20 m high, with a dense rounded crown and upright pink sprays of flowers and fruits. Leaves are simple and alternate; stipules are ensiform to linear, about 8 mm long; petioles are 2.5–30 cm long; the leaf-blade is ovate to heart-shaped, glabrous on both sides, with the apex pointed. Secondary veins occur in 6-8 pairs, palmately nerved. The flowers of K. hospita are terminal, in loose panicles protruding from the crown; flowers are about 5 mm wide, coloured pale pink; pedicels are 2–10 mm long; bracteoles are lanceolate, 2–4 mm long, pubescent; gynandrophores are 4–7 mm long, pubescent; there are 5 sepals, linear lanceolate, 6–8 mm long, pink, tomentose; 5 petals, inconspicuous, the upper one being yellow; 15 stamens, monaldelphous, 8–15 mm long, staminal tube broadly campanulate, adanate to gynandrophore, 5-lobed, each lobe having 3 anthers and alternating with staminodes; the anthers are sessile and extrorse; pistil occur with a 5-celled, pilose ovary, one style and a capitate, with a 5-lobed stigma.
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Scandent shrub or liana with stems over 6 m long. Leaves opposite, simple and entire; stipules 4–10 mm long, usually falling off; petiole 3–12 mm long; blade obovate, 7–24 cm × 4–10 cm, base cuneate to truncate, apex acuminate, pubescent below, pinnately veined with lateral veins in 8–15 pairs. Flowers solitary, terminal on lateral branches, bisexual, regular, 5-merous, very fragrant; pedicel up to 1 cm long; calyx tubular, 2–4 cm long, widening at apex with ovate-lanceolate lobes up to 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm, densely pubescent; corolla tubular, tube 10–16 cm long, lobes ovate to lanceolate, 4–8 cm × 2–4.5 cm, white, yellowish or greenish with red-purple streaks inside, pubescent; stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla tube, sessile, anthers up to 3 cm × 3 mm; ovary inferior, 1-celled, style with glabrous columnar basal part and pubescent ellipsoid upper part up to 3 cm × 1 cm, shortly 2-lobed at apex. Fruit a leathery, almost globose berry up to 8 cm × 6 cm, with 10–12 longitudinal grooves and more or less persistent calyx tube, many-seeded.
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Shorea leprosula Bark of Shorea leprosula Trees up to 60 meter high; approximate 100 cm in diameter; bark greyish brown, shallowly fissured, V-shaped. Outer bark dull purple brown, rather hard, brittle, inner bark fibrous, dull brown or yellowish brown grading to pale at the cambium, sapwood pale or cream, resinous, heartwood dark red or light red brown; leaves elliptic to ovate, 8-14 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, cream scaly, thinly leathery, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, up to 8 mm long, secondary vein 12-15 pairs, slender, curved towards margin, set at 40 to 550, tertiary veins densely ladder-like, very slender, obscure except in young trees; stipules 10 mm long, 35 mm wide, scars short, horizontal, obscure, oblong to broadly hastate, obtuse, fugacious, falling off early; Fruit pedicel to 2 mm long, calyx sparsely pubescent, 3 longer lobes up to 10 cm long, approximate 2 cm wide, spatulate, obtuse, approximate 5 mm broad above the 8 by 6 mm thickened elliptic, shallowly saccate base, 2 shorter lobes up to 5.5 cm long, approximate 0.3 cm wide, unequal, similarly saccate at base.Keβler, P.J.A. and Sadiyasa, K., 1994. Trees of the Balikpapan-Samarinda Area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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