As long as they don't, our work will keep being stigmatised.
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He denounced Charlie Hebdo for publishing drawings which upset an already "stigmatised" Muslim community.
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Ms Karczmarczyk confides that she is feeling increasingly stigmatised, "even though my art hasn't changed."
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"I think they have become stigmatised," Adrian Holdsworth of men's outfitter Volpe, told the Telegraph.
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The group hopes these measures will help prevent the brew from being stigmatised or criminalised.
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Less educated, slower to assimilate, they were also stigmatised by a supposed association with AIDS.
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It wasn't until the 00s, though, that emo and its fans were stigmatised so aggressively.
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If victims speak out, they may be stigmatised and rejected by their families and communities.
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Exclusive populism focuses on shutting out stigmatised groups (refugees, Roma), and is more common in Europe.
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Widows in India are highly stigmatised, particularly in rural areas, where they are regarded as unlucky.
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As personal or political act, freebleeding is about making visual something that is hidden and stigmatised.
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Many other victims remained behind, fearing that, as rape victims, they would be stigmatised in their community.
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The government said it wanted to ensure greater transparency, but NGOs have said the change stigmatised them.
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The affected families were travellers, an indigenous nomadic community that has been long mistreated and stigmatised in Ireland.
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And those on the other side of the Atlantic who have occasionally stigmatised them ended up making deals.
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However, others were stigmatised for their beliefs, often on the basis that they were possessed by malevolent spirits.
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As spice users become more stigmatised, those on other illegal drugs may be less inclined to switch to it.
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They're more open to different people (immigrants, minorities, the stigmatised), different ideas and change—issues that tight cultures struggle with.
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Tata has been stigmatised by early quality issues while subsequent quality gains have been offset by questionable reliability, he said.
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Such conditions have stigmatised temporary employment—so much so that workers seek out temping jobs only as a last resort.
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Inclusive populism demands that politics be opened up to stigmatised groups (the poor, minorities), and is more common in Latin America.
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Suicide has a long history in Japan as a way to avoid shame or dishonour, and getting psychological help was stigmatised.
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Capitalism in India remains "stigmatised", notes Arvind Subramanian, a former economic adviser to the government, in his new book, "Of Counsel".
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The swipe function has seen online dating shift from a clandestine, stigmatised act conducted in the privacy of one's own bedroom.
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Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice features a main character living with psychosis, and the developers wanted to reflect this often too stigmatised experience accurately.
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Japanese people also shun wake-ari bukken, buildings "stigmatised" because, say, a former resident committed suicide there or a cult resides nearby.
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The work of domestic staff is often stigmatised in Russia, and the lines between personal and professional in their jobs are often blurred.
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Ostracised by Nottingham Forest, stigmatised by his manager, and rejected by the black British community, Fashanu committed suicide one sad day in May 1998.
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Snapchat's launch has taken sexting — the consensual act of sharing intimate photos — from a stigmatised and seedy activity, to a mainstream and widely-accepted practice.
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Politically active British Muslims complain that an entire faith is being stigmatised, to which the authorities reply that they are doing their best to avoid that very thing.
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But if you really break down the statistics, the sharpest rises in the last decade are in areas that are still heavily stigmatised, like eating disorders, personality disorders and self-harm.
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Every year in the UK, 5,400 men are arrested for downloading sexual images of children – that's a lot of friends and families left feeling stigmatised, confused and isolated, and in need of that help.
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On one hand, the general mood of nationalism and nativism seems to have triggered a rise in anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim sentiment; at a minimum, followers of those faiths feel more nervous about being stigmatised for their beliefs.
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But by the 271s they were so stigmatised that the Trotter family, of the television comedy "Only Fools and Horses", dreamed of moving from their high-rise flat in Nelson Mandela House to a proper home with a garden.
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Meanwhile, we have a shortage of skilled trade machinists and all sorts of other vocational training that we don't have any mechanisms to address and that culturally we've stigmatised so that no one wants to enter those fields anymore.
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According to the ACLU, Grimm is forced to use a "converted utility closet or another, separate, stigmatised space every time he needs to use the restroom during the day," because he is barred by the school board to use the same facilities as his peers.
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"In a context in which we have not seen organised antisemitism of any significant scale for a long time, and in which those with democratic and internationalist objections to Zionism have often been stigmatised as antisemitic, it has been easy for some people to become dismissive of the whole issue," Seymour writes.
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Male prostitution exists but is stigmatised. Health services for Moroccan sex workers include OPALS.
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In Lao society, women who divorce their husbands are traditionally stigmatised, often finding it difficult to find another spouse.
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However, the Spanish and Portuguese version, Adolfo, has not become stigmatised in the same way. It is still in common use in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries across the world.
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Die Gezeichneten (literally The Stigmatised, aka Love one another) is a 1922 German silent film directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer, based on the 1918 novel Elsker hverandre (Love one another) by Aage Madelung.
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At the beginning of the gay rights movement in Indonesia, LGBT organisations focused exclusively on health issues which led to the public believing that AIDS was a "gay disease" and led to LGBT people being stigmatised.
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No ISBN. Many German Christian- dominated congregations followed suit. However, the Evangelical Congregation of Neubabelsberg handed in a list of signatures in protest against the exclusion of the stigmatised Protestants of Jewish descent.Cf. Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin: I/C3/172, vol. 3.
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PLUS Kolkata is mandated to extend social, educational, financial and emotional support to gender variant people, sex workers and other communities stigmatised by the society. It works for the promotion, protection and advancement of gender variant people and their health and sexual rights.
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471 but noted that it did create "difficult questions".Jones (1993) p.472 Other academics were more critical, with David Hayton writing in the Law Quarterly Review that "the unreserved judgment of Dillon LJ.... may well come to be stigmatised".Hayton (1994) p.
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Other in-patient services include access to emergency care, laboratory and radiographic services. Providing clients with physical medical assessments, the center also emphasises the use of mental-health assessments, particularly when patients are coming from regions and demographics where mental health is stigmatised.
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The Mahtam are a clan found among the Punjabis of India and Pakistan. They practice Hindu, Sikh and Muslim religions. During British rule in India, they were stigmatised under the Criminal Tribes Act 1871.Punjab - Police and Jails The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908, v.
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A "smear campaign", "smear tactic" or simply "smear" is a metaphor for activity that can harm an individual or group's reputation by conflation with a stigmatised group. Sometimes smear is used more generally to include any reputation-damaging activity, including such colloquialisms as mud slinging.
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Children with disabilities are more likely to be stigmatised, abused, exploited or neglected. All ChildHope's programmes have an education component, whether that's traditional school- based learning, vocational skills training for young people, life skills or small business training for parents so that fewer children need to work.
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Female child soldiers may be additionally stigmatised by their family or community for having had sexual relations and/or children out of marriage.Verhey, Beth (2004). Reaching the Girls: Study on Girls Associated with Armed Forces and Groups. Save the Children UK and the NGO Group: CARE, IFESH and IRC.
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Maharani is a young woman who was brutally raped by village leader Thakur. Thakur is very powerful and influential person who stigmatised her as a fallen woman. Maharani was sent out of the village. Without getting justice she then turns into a daciat and takes revenge against the thakur.
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Many women doctors of the early twentieth century focused on venereal diseases - an area of work which was less competitive than some other male dominated specialties. It was also believed that women doctors and surgeons were particularly well placed to treat female patients with often stigmatised sexually-transmitted diseases.
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Prejudice of this type is understood to be more prevalent amongst teachers in Western Germany. English or otherwise exotic given names are often understood/stigmatised in the old states of Germany to be typical "Ossi"."Discrimination based on names – Mandys Suffering" , Migazin, 27 February 2012, last viewed on 25 October 2015.
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Piesiewicz was credited as co- writer on all of Kieślowski's projects after No End, the last of which was Nadzieja, directed by Stanislaw Mucha after Kieślowski's death. He has begun writing a new series of films, The Stigmatised; the first of these, Silence, was directed by Michał Rosa and released in 2002.
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However, under federal fair-housing laws, persons with AIDS are considered handicapped and members of a protected class. The fact that an occupant of a property has AIDS does not require disclosure to a prospective buyer. Several states have created specific statutes in the US adding "stigmatised property" verbiage to their legal code.
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LGBT rights in Iraq remain limited. Although decriminalised, homosexuality remains stigmatised in Iraqi society. Targeting people because of their gender identity or sexual orientation is not uncommon and is usually carried out in the name of family honour. People who dress in emo style are mistakenly associated with homosexuality and may suffer the same fate.
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HIV transmission occurs largely through heterosexual intercourse. A greater number of people who get infected with HIV/AIDS are heterosexuals. with two-thirds of AIDS cases in this region attributed to this route. Sex between men is also a significant route of transmission, even though it is heavily stigmatised and illegal in many areas.
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Morocco's increasing reputation for attracting foreign pedophiles made it sign various international treaties to deal with the problem. Male prostitution exists but is stigmatised. Health services for Moroccan sex workers include OPALS, an organisation promoting treatments for HIV/AIDS. Traditionally, women's roles in North African society have been rigidly defined, particularly so with increasing Islamification.
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In 1886, Bertram Ashburnham circulated a leaflet seeking Jacobite sympathisers. Following the failed Jacobite rising of 1745, Jacobites had been suppressed and had only met in small secret gatherings. By the late 19th century, Jacobitism was no longer stigmatised, and Ashburnham's leaflet gathered a number of responses. Amongst those who replied was Melville Henry Massue.
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The HOA effectively re-stigmatised the already marginalised "criminal tribes". The previously criminalised tribes still suffer a stigma, because of the ineffective nature of the new Act, which in effect meant relisting of the supposed denotified tribes. Today the social category generally known as the denotified and nomadic tribes includes approximately 60 million people in India.
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A spirit child in Ghana is a disabled child who is believed to possess magical powers to cause misfortune. Disability in Ghana is greatly stigmatised and the only way considered acceptable to deal with the problem is to kill them via advice by a witchdoctor. The practice was criminalized in Ghana in 2013, yet is still widely practiced.
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This is consistent with the research literature on stereotype threat, which finds diminished test performance of potentially stigmatised groups when the interviewer or test supervisor is from a perceived higher status group. Interviewer effects can be mitigated somewhat by randomly assigning subjects to different interviewers, or by using tools such as computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI).
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Researchers have observed that Muslims in Australia have become a "stigmatised minority", subject to increased surveillance by state authorities as well as public discourse that constructs Muslims as a potential terrorist threat. Researchers term this the "suspect community" thesis. Researchers study how Muslims perceive themselves as a suspect community and how this influences their support for counter-terrorism efforts.Cherney, Adrian and Kristina Murphy.
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In 2013, the Botswana's Ministry of Health estimated there were more than 1,500 Zimbabwean sex workers in the country, mainly in Gaborone, Francistown and Kasane, out of a total of about 4,000 prostitutes in those three areas. Although homosexuality is stigmatised in the country, male prostitution is on the increase in Botswana, especially in Gaborone, Palapye, Francistown, Maun, Kasane and Kazungula.
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Grayling asserts that "most of them were largely unaffected by Wittgenstein's later ideas, and some were actively hostile to them" Some of Ryle's ideas in philosophy of mind have been called behaviourist. In his best-known book, The Concept of Mind (1949), he writes that the "general trend of this book will undoubtedly, and harmlessly, be stigmatised as 'behaviourist'."Ryle, Gilbert. [1949] 2002.
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72, issue 3, pp. 593-616 Appalachian regions,Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 211 and the President was thus stigmatised for his advocacy of that organisation. New Democratic nominee James M. Cox also supported American participation in the League,Faykosh, Joseph D.; ‘A party in peril: Franklin Roosevelt, the Democratic Party, and the Circular Letter of 1924’, p. 43.
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Antara Senior Living is an Indian enterprise owned by Max India that runs independent senior living and retirement communities in India. It was established in 2011, and has drawn attention from the Indian media for being among the first organised projects to venture into retirement or assisted living, a space that has often been stigmatised by conservative sections of the Indian society.
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During the military regime, no organised LGBT political or social life was able to exist. Burma's social mores about human sexuality have been described as being "extremely conservative". Gay men are stigmatised, especially if they are living with HIV/AIDS. In the local Buddhist tradition, those born LGBT are perceived as facing punishment for sins committed in a past life.
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In 2007 an Observer newspaper article claimed Ukpabio and other evangelical pastors were encouraging an upsurge in the numbers of children being accused of witchcraft and being abused and stigmatised by parents and communities as a result. In 2008, the TV news documentary Dispatches Saving Africa's Witch Children by UK broadcaster Channel 4 stated the views that she expresses have led to a massive upsurge in children stigmatised and abandoned by their families in West Africa, particularly in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Both reports followed the activities of two charities, CRARN and Stepping Stones Nigeria, now known as safe Child Africa, which aimed to look after the children who have been rejected by their parents for displaying what they believed to be signs of witchcraft, assertions which have also been made by the Associated Press. The Telegraph Thursday 14 April 2011.
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Most Sundays, somewhere between 40 and 80 people turned up. This may seem few today, but was remarkable considering that it was before the Internet age, and its existence was only known by mouth, and the great majority of homosexual Singaporeans were probably too stigmatised to reveal their sexual orientation. Many who came to the forum half-expected to be arrested by the end of each Sunday.
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72, issue 3, pp. 593-616 Ozark region,Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 211 and outgoing President Woodrow Wilson was thus stigmatised for his advocacy of that organisation. New Democratic nominee James M. Cox also supported American participation in the League,Faykosh, Joseph D.; ‘A party in peril: Franklin Roosevelt, the Democratic Party, and the Circular Letter of 1924’, p. 43.
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The taboo of zoophilia has led to stigmatised groups being accused of it, as with blood libel. This German illustration shows Jews performing bestiality on a Judensau, while Satan watches. Instances of this behavior have been found in the Bible. In a cave painting from at least 8000 BC in the Northern Italian Val Camonica a man is shown about to penetrate an animal.
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Gaile has written poetry collection for adults and children. Her works often focus on feminist issues and as well as issues related to different stigmatised groups. She has won the Latvian Literature Award and the Poetry Days Festival prize. Gaile has translated poetry from Russian into Latvian, and her poems have also been translated into various languages including English, Estonian, German, Swedish, Lithuanian, and Bengali.
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Dating coaching is often stigmatised. Many people believe that teaching romance is demeaning and unethical, while many others believe it is impossible. These critics acknowledge that most people seek romantic advice, but argue that professional romantic coaching differs from amateur advice in scope and context. Others feel that dating presents challenges unsuited to amateur intervention, and that chaotic dating norms and mixed social messages necessitate some form of instruction.
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Following the picture Jones claimed he was stigmatised by the press. Jones believed he was hard done by, and that his shadowing job on Gascoigne was the real story of the match. Gascoigne subsequently sent Jones a red rose, and Jones sent Gascoigne a toilet brush, and the two became good friends. In 1988, Gascoigne and Mirandinha, who then spoke in broken English, would do packed talk-ins throughout northern England.
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He vigorously supported Edward III on the abdication of Edward II, and held the office of Lord High Treasurer from 1331 to 1332. Ayermin died 27 March 1336, at his house at Charing, near London, and was buried in Norwich Cathedral. In the opinion of Sidney Lee writing in the Dictionary of National Biography the old verdict on his career, which stigmatised him as "crafty covetous, and treasonable", seems substantially just.
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On 1 February, German Health Minister Spahn warned that people infected with the Coronavirus and their contacts might be stigmatised and be socially excluded. He emphasised that the Germans evacuated from China would all be healthy. On 13 February, at a meeting of EU Health Ministers, German Health Minister Spahn dismissed travel restrictions from or to China by single member states. He decidedly rejected measuring the temperature of inbound travellers.
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Although light and sound attract them, Rose manages to sneak through them, inadvertently startling them into attacking each other. She flees and enters Alessa's room. In a flashback, it is revealed that Alessa was stigmatised by the townspeople for being a bastard. Christabella convinces Dahlia, a formerly devout Brethren member, to "purify" Alessa, after Alessa is raped by the school janitor while attempting to hide from her tormentors.
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By the late 1930s, with 75% of the British population now possessing a wireless, the BBC was used to publicise news on the outbreak. One reaction was that workers from Croydon were stigmatised by their London colleagues. A detailed review of the outbreak also appeared in The American Journal of Public Health. Between 1937 and 1986 the UK witnessed over 11,794 cases of water‐borne disease over 34 outbreaks.
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Humans with albinism often face social and cultural challenges (even threats), as the condition is often a source of ridicule, discrimination, or even fear and violence. It is especially socially stigmatised in many African societies. A study conducted in Nigeria on albino children stated that "they experienced alienation, avoided social interactions and were less emotionally stable. Furthermore, affected individuals were less likely to complete schooling, find employment, and find partners".
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' This contains a likeness of Goodwin (engraved by William Richardson) surmounted by a windmill and weathercock, 'pride' and 'error' supplying the breeze. Goodwin translated and printed a part of the Stratagemata Satanae (March 1648) of Acontius under the title Satan's Stratagems; or the Devil's Cabinet-Councel discovered, with recommendatory epistles by himself and John Durie. Acontius, an advocate of religious tolerance, was now stigmatised by Francis Cheynell as a 'sneaking Socinian'.
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Although the financial, social, and political success of Mahishyas is notable, they have often been stigmatised due to their agrarian roots. Mahishyas have not been averse to manual labour (often considered demeaning by higher castes); for example, Birendranath Sasmal was refused the post of Chief Executive of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation by Chittaranjan Das on the grounds that his appointment would offend the Kayasthas of the city. The job ultimately went to Subhas Chandra Bose.
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Guadeloupe's official language is French, which is spoken by nearly all of the population. In addition, most of the population can also speak Guadeloupean Creole, a variety of Antillean Creole. Traditionally stigmatised as the language of the Creole majority, attitudes have changed in recent decades. In the early 1970s to the mid 1980s Guadeloupe saw the rise and fall of an at-times violent movement for (greater) political independence from France,Schnepel, Ellen.
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Gheada () is a term in Galician to describe the debuccalisation of the voiced velar stop to a voiceless pharyngeal fricative . Although it is found throughout Galicia, its use is declining in Lugo and eastern Ourense, and it is rarely encountered in education or broadcasting. However, it is neither considered incorrect nor stigmatised, and it is perfectly acceptable in speech. Occasionally, the sound is articulated as a voiceless velar fricative , as in Castilian jamón.
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The Witwatersrand Gold Rush of 1886 and Anglo Boer War (1899–1902) resulted in an influx of foreigners to the Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek. Because the Boer Republics became British colonies right after the Anglo Boer War, the Afrikaners felt marginalised and stigmatised. This culminated in the mass urbanisation of unskilled Afrikaners during the great depression years. Like many British soldiers and immigrants the impoverished Afrikaners found refuge in the former South African Railways.
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Arbanasi Albanian is currently endangered and fewer than 200 speakers competent in the language exist. An additional 500 people can understand it to a certain degree. Apart from a few publications like the journal Feja and collections of Arbanasi lore, the language is not written. In studies of speakers of Arbanasi Albanian, they stated to researchers that the language in Croatia is not stigmatised and they have not encountered issues due to speaking it.
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During the noughties Dolezal says she began to live her life as a "black woman" and she observes that "it made my life infinitely better." Although, it also made her life harder because she felt stigmatised by racist comments and behaviour. Dolezal describes how difficult it became to communicate how she identified herself. Dolezal became a self-described "academic activist" joining the local chapter of the NAACP and serving on a police oversight board.
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The Buggery Act 1533, during the time of Henry VIII, codified sodomy into secular law as "the detestable and abominable vice of buggery". The Offences against the Person Act 1861 specifically lowered the capital punishment for sodomy to life imprisonment which continued until 1967. However, fellatio, masturbation, and other acts of non-penetration remained lawful. Private homosexual activity, though stigmatised and demonised, was somewhat safer during this time; the prosecution had to prove penetration had actually occurred.
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Lobel has described solo performance as 'the perfect metaphor for being sick', since it requires one body 'on stage, isolated and vulnerable', and his performances often intervene 'into the way bodies are culturally stigmatised and marginalised.' In 2019 Lobel published Theatre & Cancer, a text aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students of theatre, performance and disability studies, that challenges conventional perspectives on cancer narratives in theatre by highlighting key works to reconsider 'cancer performance' beyond sentimentality and survivorship.
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The guests know each other, with this gathering initiated when Sir William Boyd-Carrington invites the Franklins to join him for a summer holiday stay. The five prior murders took place in the area, among people known to this group. Elizabeth Cole tells Hastings that she is a sister of Margaret Litchfield, who confessed to the murder of their father in one of the five cases. Margaret has died in Broadmoor Asylum and Elizabeth is stigmatised by the trauma.
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The wording of the legislation to decriminalise also included wording that placed restrictions such as making illegal the use of a hotel room for sex. Homosexuality was further stigmatised beyond the restrictions placed on homosexual individuals, and homophobia was a danger to gay individuals. Against this background, Bronski, Steinbachek, and Somerville met in Brixton in 1983, and soon formed Bronski Beat. They signed a recording contract with London Records in 1984 after doing only nine live gigs.
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HOL assumes that many of their target cohort of students will feel uncomfortable or stigmatised in seeking out student welfare personnel, or lack either the capacity or disposition to explore their issues verbally. In giving these students practical, inherently purposeful tasks to take part in, it is believed that they will be able to form supportive relationships that will help build a sense of wellbeing without necessarily engaging in discussion about issues they may be facing.
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But there are times when the public interest requires us to honour the rule of law in the breach. Repeatedly during the course of the 19th century governments changed the terms of bonds that they issued through a process known as “conversion”. A bond with a 5 per cent coupon would simply be exchanged for one with a 3 per cent coupon, to take account of falling market rates and prices. Such procedures were seldom stigmatised as default.
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During the Meiji era, many Japanese girls from poor households were taken to East Asia and Southeast Asia in the second half of the 19th century to work as prostitutes. Many of these women are said to have originated from the Amakusa Islands of Kumamoto Prefecture, which had a large and long-stigmatised Japanese Christian community. Referred to as , they were found at the Japanese enclave along Hylam, Malabar, Malay and Bugis Streets until World War II.
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Conscious and Unconscious Perception: An Approach to the Relations between Phenomenal Experience and Perceptual Processes. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 238–300. Marcel’s research on unconscious perception occurred during a time when the concept of unconscious cognition was not widely accepted within mainstream academic psychology. Although the cognitive revolution had made cognitive psychology a respectable field of study, the schism between academic psychology and psychoanalysis ensured that terms associated with psychoanalysis, such as "subliminal" and "unconscious," remained highly stigmatised.
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However, Mitzy's "gloomy predictions" do not go down well with Sid Walker (Robert Mammone). Describing Mitzy, Dallimore stated "She is Marilyn's best friend from London, a bit of a loner because she is a psychic and she has been stigmatised. People are skeptical and they tend to not believe her, but in Marilyn she has found a believer and a kindred soul." Mitzy later suffers a fatal stroke during a disagreement with Marilyn, when she is confronted about her "dodgy" predictions.
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Limited repatriation of certain classes of POWs did occur from 1940 and the government was keen to encourage the return of prisoners, even launching the unpopular relève system in order to exchange prisoners of war for French labourers going to work in Germany. Nevertheless, many prisoners remained in German captivity until the defeat of Germany in 1945. Prisoners who returned to France, either by repatriation or through escaping, generally found themselves stigmatised by the French civilian population and received little official recognition.
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One study into the quality of life of patients with scars found that over half of the participants felt stigmatised by their scars and felt their personal relationships deteriorated. In addition to this, 68% tried to hide their scars, whilst reporting their work life, self-confidence and ability to communicate with others had been negatively affected. Future research and advances in scar-free healing could lessen the cost to the NHS whilst also improving the quality of life to many people affected.
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Circular (Rundschreiben) by the church chancery of the German Evangelical Church to all governing bodies of the Protestant church bodies (22 December 1941), published in Kurt Meier, Kirche und Judentum: Die Haltung der evangelischen Kirche zur Judenpolitik des Dritten Reiches, Halle upon Saale: Niemeyer, 1968, pp. 116seq. No ISBN. Many German Christian-dominated congregations followed suit. However, the Evangelical Congregation of Neubabelsberg handed in a list of signatures in protest against the exclusion of the stigmatised Protestants of Jewish descent.
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The prevalent Catholicism among Poles was stigmatised. The Polish language was persecuted at all levels. After the Polish–Russian War in early 1600s, Poland was greatly antagonized by the Russians as the cause of chaos and tyranny in Russia. The future House of Romanov, who would found the Russian Empire after taken power from the Rurik dynasty, used a number of distortion activities, describing Poles as backward, cruel and heartless, praising the rebellion against Poles; and heavily centered around the Orthodox belief.
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Although African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is clearly stigmatised in modern American culture, it continues to be spoken by millions of people. Within the context of the community, AAVE is a valuable resource and an important aspect of group identity. A person with in-group status will often have access to local resources and networks that outsiders will not have. In this sense, using AAVE in the community can be as valuable and important as using Standard English in mainstream professional situations.
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Mackeurtan states, > There can be no valid sale, at any stage of the proceedings, of property the > subject of such an action, to the advocate or attorney of the seller. Such > agreements are known as pacta de quota litis and are void.14. The sale by Wells to Samuels of an inheritance expected from Hutton, while Hutton is still alive, is stigmatised by being unenforceable, although it is not void ab initio. Once Hutton has died, however, an inheritance may be sold.
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A few returned to Brittany in the 1950s to face trial. Despite its small size, Bezen Perrot left a legacy of brutality and wartime atrocities that stigmatised the entire Breton nationalist movement. Dozens of relatively moderate Breton autonomists and regionalists received sentences of between five and ten years of imprisonment. It was not until the 1960s that organisations such as the Breton Revolutionary Army revived armed struggle as a means of pursuing Breton independence, albeit on the opposite fringe of the political spectrum.
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Namibian President (then Prime Minister) Hage Geingob, himself an ardent football fan, took him to the 1998 African Cup of Nations in Burkina Faso. Savage, without being invited, attended a personal talk between the two Prime Ministers there, and he also took the opportunity to inspect the Burkinabé Guard of honour. Nampa CEO Isack Hamata writes that through his frequent public appearances "he unknowingly de-stigmatised Downs Syndrome". Savage was hospitalised at Katutura State Hospital in May 2017 after suffering a stroke.
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Aisha began to sing professionally at the age of fourteen, and soon achieved a degree of fame as a wedding singer. Her father disapproved of her activities, as female singers were stigmatised in Sudanese society at the time. He attempted to end her career by arranging her marriage, but she subsequently divorced her husband and continued working as a singer. Aisha's career only progressed in the late 1930s, when she was discovered by a representative of an Egyptian record company.
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Umberto Betti, O.F.M., S.T.D. (7 March 1922 – 1 April 2009) was an Italian priest of the Order of Friars Minor who on 24 November 2007 was appointed a Cardinal-Deacon of the Roman Catholic Church. Betti was born in Pieve Santo Stefano, Province of Arezzo. He began his novitiate in the Province of St. Francis Stigmatised in Tuscany on 23 July 1937, made his first profession on 2 August 1938 and his solemn profession on 31 December 1943. He was ordained priest on 5 April 1946.
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Petit's comments and the backlash against them prompted a wider discussion about the role of women in Grand Theft Auto V and the gaming community's hostility towards criticism. Helen Lewis of The Guardian noted that Petit's observations were valid, but were stigmatised by gamers who have become "hyper-sensitive to criticism". Tom Hoggins of The Telegraph wrote that the misogynistic backlash against Petit was predicated on an audience that has become accustomed to women being "shallow and sidelined" in the game. Rob Fahey of GamesIndustry.
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The single play was then a staple of the medium, and Armchair Theatre (1956–68), produced by the ITV contractor ABC, The Wednesday Play (1964–70) and Play for Today (1970–84), both BBC series, contained many works of this kind. Jeremy Sandford's television play Cathy Come Home (1966, directed by Ken Loach for The Wednesday Play slot) for instance, addressed the then-stigmatised issue of homelessness. Kitchen sink realism was also used in the novels of Stan Barstow, John Braine, Alan Sillitoe and others.
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Bodie was not without compatriots. In the 1906 'Leeds Court Case,' Justice Grantham summed up in his favour, as follows (in part):- 'Perhaps his methods might not suit the taste of all – and it was well known that doctors were jealous people – but we have evidence of cases where doctors have failed, and which have been cured by Doctor Bodie's treatment. There was no doubt that he (Doctor Bodie) had done a great deal of good. He could not be stigmatised as a 'quack' or an impostor.
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In 2002, she had stumbled upon her medical file that revealed life changing information stating that she was HIV positive, but did not ask any questions. Sampa attended Mary Queen of Peace for her primary education and later was enrolled in a boarding school for her secondary education. Whilst in boarding school, a peer discovered that Nsofwa was on ARV treatment. Soon the entire school was alerted, and Sampa found herself stigmatised, and sleeping alone as other students would not share a dormitory with her.
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Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) is a village sign language used by about 150 deaf and many hearing members of the al-Sayyid Bedouin tribe in the Negev desert of southern Israel. As deafness is so frequent (4% of the population is deaf, compared to 0.1% in the United States) and deaf and hearing people share a language, deaf people are not stigmatised in this community, and marriage between deaf and hearing people is common. There is also no separate deaf culture or politics.
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In some battles, a single retiarius faced two secutores simultaneously. For these situations, the lightly armoured gladiator was placed on a raised platform and given a supply of stones with which to repel his pursuers. Retiarii first appeared in the arena during the 1st century AD and had become standard attractions by the 2nd or 3rd century. The gladiator's lack of armour and his reliance on evasive tactics meant that many considered the retiarius the lowliest (and most effeminate) of the gladiators, an already stigmatised class.
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According to this theory, criminal behaviour is not a characteristic of an individual or a group, but rather an interactive process between criminals and non-criminals. The theory is based on the concept that no deed is criminal in itself, but the definition of crime constitutes a part of the exercise of power. An individual stigmatised as criminal is discriminated by authorities, which supports criminal behaviour and displacement from the mainstream population. A similar view can indirectly also be seen in the drama Pohjalaisia (Ostrobothnians).
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Frank Bennett covered many of the fashionable alternative rock bands in big band mode. His version of Radiohead's "Creep" was his most well known recording. His music was less danceable than overseas Retro swing acts Big Bad Voodoo Daddy and Brian Setzer Orchestra. Frank Bennett was deeply ironic and only had moderate success with audiences who were attracted to the romanticised Harry Connick, Jr.. Music in the style of Frank Sinatra and Tony Bennett was unfashionable in the Alternative rock scene, stigmatised by the derisive term Lounge Lizard.
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In this episode of Africa Investigates, journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas and investigative reporter Rosemary Nwaebuni went undercover to identify and expose some of those behind Nigeria's baby trade. The trade exploits couples desperate for a baby and young pregnant single mothers — often stigmatised in a country where abortion is illegal except in the most dire medical emergency. It is also a trade that international NGOs have identified as sinister and out of control. The team found bogus doctors and clinics offering spurious fertility treatments in return for large amounts of money.
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LGBT life in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is invisible and stigmatised. There are no associations or organisations dedicated to LGBT people, nor any sort of helpline or help centre for LGBT youth. In September 2011, a same-sex couple went public with their relationship, writing a short article in the Vinci Kallaloo, entitled "Introduction: Not Easy Being Gay in St. Vincent and the Grenadines". The article received unprecedented attention, with over 3,400 hits in less than a day and over 50 comments, the third-highest of any article for the newspaper at the time.
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The three women applicants had been sterilised at a public hospital when giving birth via caesarean section. The women argued that any purported consent to the sterilisation had been coerced as they had either not been told the contents of the consent forms they were signing, did not understand the medical staff, or had been told by doctors that their caesarean surgeries would only be performed if they agreed to be sterilised. All the women are HIV-positive and believe that they were stigmatised and targeted for sterilisation on the basis of their HIV status.
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Covered workers outside those agencies dealt with the local post office. The government picked up responsibility for the basic benefits that the unions and societies had promised, thus greatly helping their financial reserves. The Act was psychologically important, as it removed the need for unemployed workers to rely on the stigmatised social welfare provisions of the Poor Law. This hastened the end of the Poor Law as a social welfare provider: the Poor Law Unions were abolished in 1929, and the administration of poor relief was transferred to the counties and county boroughs.
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Johannes Joseph Koppes was born in Canach in 1843, the son of a schoolteacher Johann (Jean) Koppes and his wife Anna Maria née Ernster. At the age of 25, he was ordained a priest on 28 August 1868, and worked as a parson in Esch-Alzette. As vicar, he was the spiritual father of the stigmatised and controversial Anna Moes (1832–1895), the founder of the Dominican monastery on Limpertsberg. On 28 September 1883 he was appointed Bishop of Luxembourg, and was consecrated on 4 November of the same year by Cardinal Edward Henry Howard.
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As with the Swedish online medical advice service, one-sixth of the requests related to often shameful and stigmatised diseases of the genitals, gastrointestinal tract, sexually transmitted diseases, obesity and mental disorders. By providing an anonymous space where users can talk about (shameful) diseases, online telemedical services empower patients and their health literacy is enhanced by providing individualized health information. The Clinical Telemedicine and Online Counselling service of the University Hospital of Zurich is currently being revised and will be offered in a new form in the future.
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The promise of upward socioeconomic mobility and public shaming did the rest of the work, prompting many speakers of Louisiana Creole to abandon their stigmatised language in favor of English. Additionally, the development of industry, technology and infrastructure in Louisiana reduced the isolation of Louisiana Creolophone communities and resulted in the arrival of more English-speakers, resulting in further exposure to English. Because of this, Louisiana Creole exhibits more recent influence from English, including loanwords, code-switching and syntactic calquing. Today, Louisiana Creole is spoken by fewer than 10,000 people.
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An alternative explanation is that it was inspired by the hairstyles of the Hindu sadhus. The wearing of dreadlocks has contributed to negative views of Rastafari among non-Rastas, many of whom regard it as wild and unattractive. Dreadlocks remain socially stigmatised in many societies; in Ghana for example, they are often associated with the homeless and mentally ill, with such associations of marginality extending onto Ghanaian Rastas. In Jamaica during the mid-20th century, teachers and police officers used to forcibly cut off the dreads of Rastas.
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Prisoners at what came to be called HM Prison Pentridge were immediately put on "hard labour" by breaking up bluestone for road surfaces. In 1867 a public meeting was called to change the name of the district, as residents were stigmatised and embarrassed at living in a suburb principally known for its gaol, Pentridge Prison. Robert Mailer of Glencairn suggested that the suburb name be changed to Coburg, inspired by the impending visit to the colony of the Duke of Edinburgh, who was a member of the royal house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
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Wittig identified herself as a radical lesbian. In her work The Straight Mind, she argued that lesbians are not women because to be a lesbian is to step outside of the heterosexual norm of women, as defined by men for men's ends. Wittig also developed a critical view of Marxism which obstructed feminist struggle, but also of feminism itself which does not question the heterosexual dogma. A theorist of materialist feminism, she stigmatised the myth of "the woman", called heterosexuality a political regime, and outlined the basis for a social contract which lesbians refuse.
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He underwent an evangelical conversion, regretting his past life and resolving to commit his future life and work to the service of God. His conversion changed some of his habits, but not his nature: he remained outwardly cheerful, interested and respectful, tactfully urging others towards his new faith. Inwardly, he underwent an agonising struggle and became relentlessly self-critical, harshly judging his spirituality, use of time, vanity, self-control and relationships with others. At the time, religious enthusiasm was generally regarded as a social transgression and was stigmatised in polite society.
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There is a lot of social > discrimination and stigma about the issue and we as a society must fight > it.Daniel Nyassy (23 February 2012), "Kenya: Gays Flee As Irate Residents > Storm Likoni Seminar", Daily Nation, via allAfrica.com. The governmental Kenya National Commission on Human Rights reported in April 2012 that, > LGBIs are discriminated, stigmatised and subjected to violence because of > their sexual orientation. In cases where they need medical care, they suffer > stigma perpetuated by health care providers who breach their privacy and > confidentiality by exposing their sexual orientation to other colleagues at > the facilities.
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No ISBN. Many German Christian-dominated congregations followed suit, whereas confessing congregations in the Ecclesiastical Province of Pomerania dared to hand in lists of signatures in protest against the exclusion of the stigmatised Protestants of Jewish descent.Cf. Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin: I/C3/172, vol. 3. By the East Pomeranian Offensive, February–April 1945, the Red Army advanced so speedily, that there was hardly a chance to rescue refugees, let alone archives of congregations in Farther Pomerania, as was recorded in a report about the situation in the ecclesiastical provinces (10 March 1945).
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Overall, the programme was successful in reducing the obesity rate amongst schoolchildren from 14% to 9.8% by 2002. However, it came at a psychological cost of participants being stigmatised and in some cases, reportedly diagnosed with eating disorders.Singapore schools' weight-loss programme linked to eating disorders: study, Agence France-Presse, 24 May 2005School link to eating disorders possible, Sandra Davie, The Straits Times, 16 May 2005Obesity series part III: Singapore , The World (radio program), 14 November 2007 The TAF programme has since been replaced by the Holistic Health Framework (HHF) which includes all schoolchildren.
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The notoriety of the murders led to a short-term economic boost from tourists visiting Snowtown, but created a lasting stigma.Snowtown: Living with a death penalty The Age 7 May 2011 The Age reported in 2011 that Snowtown would be "forever stigmatised" due to its association with the murders. Shortly after the discovery of the bodies in Snowtown, the community discussed changing the name to "Rosetown", but no further actions were taken. , one shop in Snowtown was selling souvenirs of the murders "cashing in on Snowtown's unfortunate notoriety".
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Namibia, despite its scant population, is home to a wide diversity of languages, from multiple language families: Germanic, Bantu, and the various Khoisan families. When Namibia was administered by South Africa, Afrikaans, German, and English enjoyed an equal status as official languages. Upon Namibian independence in 1990, English was enshrined as the nation's sole official language in the constitution of Namibia. German and Afrikaans were stigmatised as having colonial overtones, while the rising of Mandela's Youth League and the 1951 Defiance Campaign spread English among the masses as the language of the campaign against apartheid.
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Placing the surname before the name is considered incorrect except in bureaucratic usage and is often stigmatised as a shibboleth of illiteracy. Names that are derived from possessions of noble families normally never had articles preceding them such as the House of Farnese (from a territorial holding) and the Cornaro family (from a prince-bishopric). Articles were omitted also for surnames with an identifiable foreign origin (including Latin ones) such as Cicerone. That practice somewhat resembles the Greek custom of placing definite articles before all names (see Greek names).
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If something commonly done is contrary to the intention of Parliament, it is only to be expected that Parliament will stop it. So that which is commonly done and not stopped is not likely to be contrary to the intention of Parliament. It follows that tax reduction arrangements which have been carried on for a long time are unlikely to constitute tax avoidance. Judges have a strong intuitive sense that that which everyone does, and has long done, should not be stigmatised with the pejorative term of "avoidance".
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And therefore this image, unique in Attic iconography of sexually pathic behaviour on the part of the Persian, was only permissible because the submissive male figure was a foreigner. James Davidson, however, offers the alternative view that the practices identified and stigmatised in the Greek literature as katapugon (κατάπυγον)LSJ (s.v. κατάπυγος) defines it as given to unnatural lust: generally, lecherous, lewd and with which we might characterise our archer, is better understood as not as effeminacy but sexual incontinence lacking self-discipline.J. Davidson, Courtesans and Fishcakes, 1998, p.170–81.
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In a number of forms of spoken British English, it is common for the phoneme to be realised as a glottal stop when it is in the intervocalic position, in a process called T-glottalisation. Once regarded as a Cockney feature, it has become much more widespread. It is still stigmatised when used in words like later, but becoming very widespread at the end of words such as not (as in no interested). Other consonants subject to this usage in Cockney English are p, as in paer and k as in baer.
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"Code-mixing" and "code-switching", on the other hand, incur less integration into the base language and speakers sometimes are aware of the coexistence of two systems. Various units can be involved in the process, from single words to longer elements such as phrases and clauses. Early works on this phenomenon in Hong Kong reserve "code-mixing" for intra- sentential alternation between Cantonese and English and "code-switching" for the inter-sentential alternation. Nevertheless, "code-mixing" has been gradually stigmatised, implying the incompetence of the bilingual speakers in either or both languages.
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His election sermon was preached by Obadiah Sedgwick, an eloquent divine, whom Oliver Cromwell had stigmatised as "a rascally priest." Reynardson soon came into conflict with the Rump Parliament, which had declared all oaths of allegiance to the king illegal. He refused to admit to the common council members who had not made the customary loyal subscription, but parliament retaliated on 5 January 1649 by ordering him to assemble the council and suspend the taking of oaths. Expecting resistance, they further directed him to remove the chains which had been placed across the streets as a protection from cavalry charges.
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The Lad uniform as depicted in a comic Eshay or Eshay Lad is an Australian underworld subculture associated with Inner-city working-class youth and criminals. Originating from Sydney's graffiti scene in the 1980s, the subculture was heavily influenced by working-class culture in Sydney's numerous Housing Commission's throughout the 1990s. The subculture was prominent in the underground scene in the 2000s, with the style of striped polo shirts, rugby shorts, white air-max sneakers and bumbags widespread across Sydney. While initially stigmatised by the general public, the subculture became popularised across the country, eventually influencing fashion, language and music.
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Broadsheets of the day served to perpetuate costermongers' stigmatised status by stories of the moral decay that surrounded places where costers congregated.Jones, P.T.A., "Redressing Reform Narratives: Victorian London's Street Markets and the Informal Supply Lines of Urban Modernity," The London Journal, Vol 41, No. 1, 2006, pp 63–64 Initiatives to rid the city of street traders were by no means new to the 19th-century. Charles Knight, wrote of various attempts to curtail street- based trading during the reigns of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and Charles I (1625–1649).Knight, C., "Street Noises," Chapter 2 in Knight, C. (ed), London, Vol.
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The new clerk had "his fortunes to make", cites: Strype and, though not a spiritual person, he 'greedily affected a certain good prebend of St. Paul's', which, doubtless at his instigation, the council on 23 June 1550 agreed to settle on him. cites: Acts P. C. iii. 53, 58. Ridley, who had intended this preferment for his chaplain Grindal, stigmatised Thomas as "an ungodly man", and resisted the grant, but without success; for when the prebend fell vacant, it was conveyed to the king, "for the furnishing of his stables", and its emoluments granted to Thomas.
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Following the example of Sir John Day at Belfast, Mathew refused to allow cross-examination by counsel. Carson thereupon stigmatised the inquiry as 'a sham and a farce,' and Mathew pronounced this observation to be 'impertinent and disgraceful to the Irish bar.' Counsel were ordered to withdraw, two of the chairman's colleagues took speedy opportunity of resigning, and the landlords as a body refused to take any further part in the proceedings. The commission, however, continued to take evidence, and reported in due course; some of its recommendations bore fruit in the clauses of George Wyndham's Land Purchase (Ireland) Act (1903).
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In addition, eating quantee is said to kill a certain type of mosquito (Löwdin, 1998). While ricebean in Nepal is to some extent perceived as a "poor man's food", it is not particularly stigmatised, so no ethnic or caste group actually has a rule against it. In Dang, ricebean is particularly enjoyed by Tharu (indigenous Terai) people, who have a version of quantee which requires ten different beans. One source mentioned that since ricebean is supposed to make you strong, people will often serve it to labourers, while also occasionally consuming it themselves in connection with tasks requiring hard work.
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In most cases, voluntary family separations are stigmatised in Western countries. Researchers point out that articles on satellite babies highlighted in the media generally depict parents as uncaring, which can intensify judgement of immigrant families. Some studies suggest that the Western ideal of a nuclear family may cause the more collectivist family model, which is generally subscribed to by mothers who choose to send children back to extended family, to be viewed as somehow deficient. Researchers have suggested that clinicians need to better understand the cultural context behind the phenomenon of satellite babies to better serve the diverse needs of new immigrant families.
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It is later revealed that the main character was stabbed in a homophobic attack, and the man he chased after knows the man who stabbed him, and his current location - the pool hall. The man he met at the cafe in the beginning was also attacked. The main character states it is the reason he left Korea, as it shook his life up, and outed his sexuality publicly, leaving him stigmatised and outcast. They both head to the pool hall, despite the man in orange's discouragement, and together they punch up the man who stabbed him a long time ago.
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He also said that promotional photographs made them resemble "the cheery innocence of some years-past dream of California youth", and they appeared to the public to be more conservative than they actually were. The White House appearances only served to reinforce this image. Though the Carpenters had mass popular appeal and were recognized as being musically talented, people felt embarrassed and stigmatised about liking their records. In later interviews, Richard stressed repeatedly how much he disliked the A&M; executives for making their image "squeaky-clean", and the critics for criticizing them for their image rather than their music.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are members of a drug class that reduces pain, decreases fever, prevents blood clots, and in higher doses, decreases inflammation. Side effects depend on the specific drug but largely include an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeds, heart attack, and kidney disease. The term nonsteroidal distinguishes these drugs from steroids, which while having a similar eicosanoid-depressing, anti- inflammatory action, have a broad range of other effects. First used in 1960, the term served to distance these medications from steroids, which were particularly stigmatised at the time due to the connotations with anabolic steroid abuse.
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In addition to overhauling the curriculum and reorganising the faculty, Mackenzie engaged personally with his students by teaching composition and conducting the student orchestra. In 1912 the Academy moved from its old buildings in Mayfair to purpose-built premises in Marylebone. In his later years as principal, Mackenzie became markedly conservative, forbidding his students to play the chamber music of Ravel, which he stigmatised as "a pernicious influence".Rothwell, p. 19 Mackenzie was conductor of the Royal Choral Society and the Philharmonic Society Orchestra between 1892 and 1899, giving the British premières of many works, including symphonies by Tchaikovsky and Borodin.
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The base of Santal society is a division between "brother" (boeha) and "guest" (pera), a divide found in many other tribal societies of central and eastern India. Children of the same father (sometimes grandfather), known as nij boeha, often live next to each other and own adjacent pieces of land. Those in the closest form of brotherhood, called mit orak hor ("people of one house") in Singhbhum, cannot marry each other and propitiate the same deity, since the house refers to a common ancestor from which all the families are believed to descend. Only mit orak hor marriages are severely stigmatised.
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As Modern English developed, explicit norms for standard usage were published, and spread through official media such as public education and state-sponsored publications. In 1755 Samuel Johnson published his A Dictionary of the English Language which introduced standard spellings of words and usage norms. In 1828, Noah Webster published the American Dictionary of the English language to try to establish a norm for speaking and writing American English that was independent of the British standard. Within Britain, non-standard or lower class dialect features were increasingly stigmatised, leading to the quick spread of the prestige varieties among the middle classes.
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The increasing and expanding usage of the Internet has aided LGBT individuals in Hong Kong to engage in interactions and discussions on social media platforms, giving the stigmatised groups a free space to express self-identities. Online communities are shown to play a great part in forming self-confidence and self-acceptance through others' assistance. The internet also serve as a mean to give community support, facilitate wider debates on various topics, and explore sexual and gender identities. Through joining online communities, LGBT members can find methods to cope with outer stigmatisation, discrimination, and lack of emotional support.
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As the women were considered too dishonourable for a funeral in a conventional cemetery, they were buried outside the city, mostly in places that were already stigmatised and used for other disposals. Since the time of the Reformation, a public rubbish tip has been documented at the site, from which time the name probably dates. A street which was a settlement for the poor had formed in the 16th century. Residents who were not allowed to live within the city walls due to poverty, illness or for the exercise of dishonourable professions had probably settled there.
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The MSI's insistent denunciations of violence began to gain in credibility, and the party became less stigmatised in mainstream politics. After he became prime minister in 1983, Bettino Craxi of the Italian Socialist Party met with MSI leaders, and his office later issued a statement that expressed regret for the "ghettoisation" of the party. In 1984, high-level representatives of the Christian Democrats, the Liberals and the Democratic Socialists attended the party congress of the MSI for the first time. The next year, the party was granted a position on the board of directors of the RAI, the state radio and television network.
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The statue was intended to show how people in today's society are stigmatised by mental illness, based on claims that Churchill suffered from depression and perhaps bipolar disorder. However, the statue was condemned by Churchill's family, and described by Sir Patrick Cormack as an insult both to the former prime minister and to people with mental health problems. Although straitjackets have not been used in UK psychiatric hospitals for decades, a sufferer from bipolar disorder identified with "the straitjacket of mental illness" and commended the image. Nevertheless, in response to the complaints, the statue was removed.
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Born Jack Doroshow in South Philadelphia, in a family of mixed Jewish and Italian heritage, Sabrina was a pioneer in the transgender and gay communities in the 1960s in New York. In the 1960s, New York drag queens were very stigmatised, not only by the mainstream society, but even within the gay community as well. Sabrina was one of the first widely known drag queens in the United States. She became widely known partially for organizing various drag queen pageants all over the U.S. such as The Nationals, Miss Philadelphia or the Miss Nationals, which was sponsored by Sabrina Enterprises.
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Many of the founders died, and LGBT people were stigmatised, leading to CSDs and gay rights demonstrations becoming sporadic rather than annual. AIDS cases worldwide 1979–1995 To meet this challenge, the Schwulen Medizinmänner (Gay Medicine Men) group was founded in 1984 (renamed Medi Gay in 1997), and led the first information sessions on HIV and AIDS in the same year, together with HAZ, SOH, and the University Hospital of Zurich. In 1985, ‘’Loge 70’’, all ‘’HA’’ groups, ‘’SOH’’, and the Federal Health Office (BAG) founded ‘’Aids-Hilfe Schweiz’’ (AHS) (AIDS-Help Switzerland). In 1986, the AHS published an AIDS information brochure, which was distributed to all households in Switzerland.
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The 380 continued the Mitsubishi Australia tradition of producing front-wheel drive sedans for the Australian market, and along with the Toyota Aurion, competed against the rear-wheel drive Ford Falcon and Holden Commodore vehicles. Even before the car's launch in October 2005, the 380 was stigmatised as the "make or break" model for Mitsubishi Australia. After a slow sales start, the line-up was updated with the Series II in April 2006, with the entry level model receiving price discount of nearly 20 percent. To generate further interest in the car, a Series III revision came on 29 July 2007 with mainly cosmetic changes.
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The most active opposition against the recognition of LGBT rights in Indonesia has come from religious authorities and pressure-groups, especially Islamic organisations. Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia or MUI) has made a statement, which stigmatised the LGBT population by declaring them "deviant" and an affront to the "dignity of Indonesia". In 2002, the Indonesian government gave Aceh Province the right to introduce Sharia Law, albeit only to Muslim residents. The northernmost province of Aceh proceeded to enact a sharia-based anti-homosexuality law that punishes anyone caught having gay sex with 100 lashes. The law was set for enforcement by the end of 2015.
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Lads have often been synonymous with Australian Hip Hop in its various forms. In the early 2000s the most closely associated variety was gutter rap or lad rap which often contains lyrics depicting criminality, drug use and poverty. Gutter rap artists such as Campbelltown's Kerser, Hurstville's Skeamo and Nter, and Blacktown's Fortay rap primarily about Australian working-class lifestyle and issues (such as crime, drug addictions and financial struggles), similar to traditional American Gangsta rap. Unlike most popular artists in the Australian hip hop scenes, which have proper mainstream presence and support, gutter rap has remained largely underground on the internet due to associating with a stigmatised style.
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Her high-profile correspondents also included Beatrice Webb, Eleanor Rathbone MP, Millicent Fawcett (suffragist leader) and Clementine Churchill.See correspondence in the Women’s Library Amelia Scott’s national work showed the same interest in the care of vulnerable women and children as her local work. In 1918, together with other interested parties, the NCW established the National Council for the Unmarried Mother and her Child (later the National Council for One Parent Families) and Amelia Scott was an early committee member. Unmarried mothers were, to say the least, a controversial cause in 1918, and her involvement reflects her care for those who were marginalised and stigmatised in society.
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Irrsinnig Menschlich was founded on 3 April 2000 by Matthias Claus Angermeyer, then head of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics at Leipzig University, and the journalist Manuela Richter-Werling. The association seeks to better understand psychological crises and mental illnesses, to reduce stigma, anxieties and prejudices relating to psychological crises, to develop awareness and understanding of mental health issues as well as to promote well-being among those affected. Mental health issues often start during childhood and adolescence yet often years pass until those affected look for help and find it. The biggest barrier is the fear of being stigmatised because of mental health problems.
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Since 1996, Matičević has acted in several crime series and films for German television and cinema. He was awarded the Best Actor Award at the 2000 Thessaloniki International Film Festival for his performance in Lost Killers (1999). In 2007, he played the role of the German poet and novelist Clemens Brentano in the film Das Gelübde, which depicts Brentano's encounter with the stigmatised nun Anne Catherine Emmerich. Matičević's first international role was in the TNT miniseries The Company in 2006, a show about the CIA in which he played a fictional Hungarian poet called Arpad Zelk, a leader of the Hungarian uprising in 1956.
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Meanwhile, the French spoken in England was stigmatised as a provincial variety by speakers from the Continent,Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable, A History of the English Language (sixth edition 2013), pp. 126-134 particularly because the Anglo-Norman that was spoken by the elites had taken on a syntactical structure that resembled English. Some nobles had simply shifted to English entirely.Robert McColl Millar, "English in the 'transition period: the sources of contact-induced change," in Contact: The Interaction of Closely Related Linguistic Varieties and the History of English (2016: Edinburgh University Press) In 1328, Charles IV of France died without an heir.
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Mandeville's philosophy gave great offence at the time, and has always been stigmatised as false, cynical and degrading. His main thesis is that the actions of men cannot be divided into lower and higher. The higher life of man is a mere fiction introduced by philosophers and rulers to simplify government and the relations of society. In fact, virtue (which he defined as "every performance by which man, contrary to the impulse of nature, should endeavour the benefit of others, or the conquest of his own passions, out of a rational ambition of being good") is actually detrimental to the state in its commercial and intellectual progress.
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The first, on HIV/AIDS and gender equality issues particular to South Africa underscored the "[f]allacious notions about the naturally voracious sexual appetites of men" and "how culturally accepted social inequalities conspire with economic vulnerability to leave women and girls with little or no power to reject unwanted or unsafe sex. Yet, once infected with HIV/AIDS, women are often stigmatised as the source of the disease and persecuted, sometimes violently." The second statement was on the issue of racism. Baháʼís also participated in the follow-up to the 1992 Rio Conference on the Environment - Earth Summit 2002 held in South Africa in 2002.
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Between 1933 and 1945 Hart traveled extensively through rural Idaho, covering thousands of miles while lecturing, conducting mass TB screenings, training new staff, and treating the effects of the epidemic. An experienced and accessible writer, Hart wrote widely for medical journals and popular publications, describing TB for technical and general audiences and giving advice on its prevention, detection, and cure. At the time the word "tuberculosis" carried a social stigma akin to venereal disease, so Hart insisted his clinics be referred to as "chest clinics", himself as a "chest doctor", and his patients as "chest patients". Discretion and compassion were important tools in treating the stigmatised disease.
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The notion of "coming home", mobilised with great effect by indigenous Australians to account for their experiences of separation from family into institutions or adoption, came to stand for the adoptive experience generally. This concept stigmatised adoptions in general as entailing loss, removal from roots, and pain while at the same time idealised the birth family, minimising if not shutting out the role and experiences of the adoptive family. Recognition of the damaging effects of previous adoption policies had burgeoned in the 1970s and 1980s. Beginning in the mid-1970s, all Australian states and territories reviewed adoption legislation and embarked on initially cautious reversals of previous (secretive) practices throughout the 1980s.
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Afrikaans Within Afrikaans speakers in South Africa, code-switching between Afrikaans and English is frowned upon in formal domains, even as new terms and concepts enter the lexicon through English-speaking sources. Loanwords are frowned upon in formal contexts, but are more accepted in informal domains. While most Afrikaans speakers are balanced bilinguals of Afrikaans and English, the practice is to immediately replace or adapt English loanwords into Afrikaans itself, in an effort to preserve the purity of the Afrikaans language. In informal situations, the linguistic environment is as such is that it is more open to English loanwords as long as it is marked, and stigmatised.
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Third, fellow peacekeepers are accustomed to the "wall of silence" in the spirit of brotherhood characteristic of military culture but also to protect the reputation of their sending government. As a consequence, whistleblowers are often stigmatised. However, if there would indeed be reports, the UN instituted the Conduct and Discipline Teams (CDTs) to conduct an investigation referring the allegations for serious offense to the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS).Secretary-General, Comprehensive Report Prepared Pursuant to General Assembly Resolution 59/296 on Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, Including Policy Development, Implementation and Full Justification of Proposed Capacity on Personnel Conduct Issues, 14, delivered to the General Assembly, U.N. Doc.
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The dialects work as a certain shibboleth; minor accent differences help speakers define others' place of origin. As a result, speakers do not usually refer to their dialect by the umbrella term Twents, but rather by the name of their local variety. Speakers from Markelo, for instance, may call their dialect Maarkels, whereas speakers from Overdinkel may state that they speak Oaverdeenkels. Although the dialect has been stigmatised for a considerable period over the last century, leading to a decline in use, interests in preserving and promoting the use of it are currently rising, resulting in initiatives such as dialect festivals, writing competitions and other culturally engaging projects.
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Beatrice signed her work with a monogram or trefoil 'BP', then 'BG'. She also exhibited as 'Rix Birnie' to avoid being stigmatised as a female artist. A limited number of her works remain: oil studies The Novel and The Muslin Gown are in private collections; Ethel Philip Reading a Newspaper is in the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery; and Peach Blossom is in the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Her jewellery designs are in the National Gallery of Art and the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery. Images of her that were painted by Whistler include: ; Paintings: Harmony in Red: Lamplight (GLAHA 46315), a full-length portrait.
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From 1 September 1941 on Jewish Germans and Gentile Germans of Jewish descent with three or four grandparents, who were enrolled with a Jewish congregation, and the special category of Geltungsjuden had to wear the Yellow badge. Thus the concerned congregants were easily to be identified by others. One of the rare reactions came from Vicar Katharina Staritz, competent for the synodal region of the city of Breslau. In a circular she prompted the congregations in Breslau to take care of the concerned parishioners with special love and suggested that while services other respected congregants would sit next to their stigmatised fellow congregants in order to oppose this unwanted distinction.
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Confessing congregations in the Ecclesiastical Province of Pomerania and the Congregation of NeubabelsbergThe Congregation of Neubabelsberg then comprised a parish in Potsdam-Babelsberg, Klein-Glienicke (divided between Berlin and Potsdam), and Potsdam-Sacrow with the beautiful churches of the Redeemer, Sacrow, Ss. Peter and Paul, Wannsee, and a Chapel in Klein-Glienicke. handed in lists of signatures in protest against the exclusion of the stigmatised Protestants of Jewish descent.Cf. Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin: I/C3/172, vol. 3. Also the Evangelical Supreme Church Council of the 'intact' Evangelical State Church in Württemberg and its Bishop Wurm sent letters of protest on 27 January and 6 February 1942, respectively.
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There he had been active in the Azanian Students' Movement during a time of grave repression by the SADF. From 1985 he worked for the government of Bophuthatswana as a High Court prosecutor in Mahikeng; though working for a bantustan was stigmatised, Mogoeng was obliged to do so for five years to repay his government bursary. He obtained a Master of Laws by correspondence from the University of South Africa in 1989.. Mogoeng left Bophuthatswana's civil service the following year to begin practice as an advocate. After a short period at the Johannesburg Bar, Mogoeng returned to Mahikeng, where he practiced for six years.
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Springbok colours is the name given to green and gold blazers awarded to members of the South Africa national rugby union team. They were historically awarded to teams and individuals representing South Africa in international competition of any sport, following their creation in 1906. With the arrival of South Africa's new post-apartheid government in 1994, the name Springbok was abandoned by the various control boards since they felt that the term had been abused by the previous apartheid governments, and stigmatised by the anti-apartheid movement. An exception was made in the case of the national rugby union team, who have retained the practice of awarding colours.
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Meanwhile, church ministers such as Joseph Bennet who had refused to accept the 1662 Act of Uniformity were being officially stigmatised as nonconformists. Bennet was faced, in 1665, with another statute, the Five Mile Act / Nonconformists Act, forbidding "nonconforming" clergy from living within five miles of the parish from which they had been expelled. Well supported by friends and well respected locally because of his selfless conduct during the plague year, Bennet's presence generally went unreported. He appears to have remained active in the town despite the new act, reopening his school to pupils at his home after the plague outbreak subsided, and remaining in Brightling for more than twenty years.
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The court after full argument awarded the writ in June 1779, on the ground that there being no express statute of the university forbidding usury or the lending of money to minors, the Vice-Chancellor's court had no jurisdiction in the case. Lord Mansfield, however, censured Ewin's conduct in the strongest terms, stigmatised him as "a corrupter of youth and an usurer", and suggested that a statute to meet such cases in future should be passed, and that he might be struck out of the Commission of the Peace. On 20 October 1779 he was restored to his degree of LL.D., but was put out of the county commission in 1781.
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126 Although the milieu in which she moved was stigmatised as immoral and sordid, and although she had been the kept mistress of a man twenty years her senior, Carleton was seen largely as an innocent victim.Hoare, ODNB: "By then Billie Carleton had become a symbol of the drug-threatened and wronged female abused by older, usually foreign, men; behind her lurked the spectre of the opium den and the white slave trade. The more complicated story of her own manipulativeness was lost in the publicity that surrounded her very public demise." Ada Song Ping You was a Scotswoman who had married a Chinese man (Song Ping You) from whom she learned to use opium.
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Ultimately, this pushed the Nike TN into the mainstream with it's adoption by Hipsters in Melbourne and Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, while fashion publications began to appropriate Eshay lad aesthetics into contemporary designs, with the sneakers once stigmatised for their associations with criminality, poverty and drug-use had become commonly appropriated by people not associated with underworld activity. As a perennial counter-culture, Eshay's adapted to the appropriation of their fashion by changing the brands they wore, ultimately moving away from Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger and Lacoste and adopting luxury European brands such as Gucci, Louis Vutton and Versace. This coincided with the rise of UK Drill, with it's heavy use of luxury brands.
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The evolution of the 'classic' pub and the women's roles in the pub developed concurrently in the mid-19th century, when the term "barmaid" first came into common usage. Barmaids, like many other working women, had to fight against the 'traditional' gender challenges of lower pay rates and social stigmatisation. Unlike other classes of working women, such as domestic servants and shop staff, barmaids were often stigmatised and shunned. This discrimination was exacerbated by the "morals" campaigns that were waged around Australia from the 1880s to the 1920s, and religiously motivated temperance activists deliberately fostered a negative image of the barmaid as a "loose woman" who lured men into pubs to drink and squander their money.
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During the 1970s and 1980s, some British sociologists took a more sceptical approach to the question of the sixties 'permissive society', noting that it actually resulted in only partial and amended regulation of previously illegal and or stigmatised social activities. For example, the Sexual Offences Act 1967 decriminalised homosexuality but at an unequal age of consent, 21 (although it was subsequently reduced 18 (1994) and, finally, 16 (2002), additionally, the 1967 act decriminalised homosexuality only under limited circumstances. Similarly, the Abortion Act 1967 did not allow to abortion on request but required obtaining medical permission, with time limits. Furthermore, as with the case of cannabis decriminalisation, some instances of liberalised social attitudes were not met with legislative change.
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In some areas, such as London and northern New Zealand, and in some dialects, including African American Vernacular English, many people realise the phonemes and as and , respectively. Although traditionally stigmatised as typical of a Cockney accent, this pronunciation is fairly widespread, especially when immediately surrounded by other fricatives for ease of pronunciation, and has, in the early 20th century, become an increasingly noticeable feature of the Estuary English accent of South East England. It has in at least one case been transferred into standard English as a neologism: a bovver boy is a thug, a "boy" who likes "bother" (fights). Joe Brown and his Bruvvers was a Pop group of the 1960s.
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There had been no music like his heard in Holland for two hundred years. A group of young men collected around his name. They were joined by a poet- novelist-dramatist somewhat older than themselves, Marcellus Emants (1848–1923). Emants had written a symbolical poem called "Lilith" in 1879 that had been stigmatised as audacious and meaningless; encouraged by the admiration of his juniors, Emants published in 1881 a treatise in the form of a novel in which the first open attack was made on the old school. The next appearance was that of Willem Kloos (1857–1938), who had been the editor and intimate friend of Perk, and who now undertook to lead the army of rebellion.
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There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan, largely due to the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The neighbouring nations had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, during their brief independence from the collapsed Russian Empire, as the First Republic of Armenia and the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan; these relations existed from the period after the Russian Revolution until they were occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union. Due to the two wars waged by the countries in the past century—one from 1918 to 1921 and another from 1988 to 1994—the two have had strained relations. In the wake of ongoing hostilities, social memory of Soviet-era cohabitation is widely repressed (censored and stigmatised).
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In counter addresses and pamphlets Lucas was stigmatised as a needy adventurer, a man of no family, and a political firebrand.via DNB:The Tickler, edited by Paul Hiffernan While the election was still pending, the death of Alderman Nathaniel Pearson in May 1749 caused a second vacancy in the representation, and Lucas and La Touche became partly reconciled in opposing Cooke and the second aldermanic candidate, Charles Burton. Shortly afterwards, the corporation having resolved to farm the revenues of the city to a certain Alderman, Lucas denounced the affair as a job, and the council in which the resolution had been passed as packed. The corporation voted the charge false and malicious, and refused to hear Lucas in his defence.
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The attacks, although relatively minor, provoked debate in the South African media, as well as the government, about the position of whites in South Africa, especially Afrikaners—who had largely dominated politics before the end of apartheid. Many Afrikaners felt stigmatised that they were unfairly viewed as racists linked to terrorist groups, even though the majority rejected such acts. In their book, "Volk, Faith and Fatherland", researchers Martin Schonteiff and Henri Boschoff argued that "Given the real high levels of violent crime, rising white unemployment and the campaign against white farmers in Zimbabwe, such arguments [i.e., the ones used by the terrorists] may be capable of eliciting widespread sympathy among conservatively-minded Afrikaners" .
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Dutch Low Saxon has long been stigmatised and removed from schools. People of older generations may relate numerous accounts of their childhood in which contemporaries were afraid to go to school for fear of being reprimanded, or purposely ignored, for not speaking Dutch. The similarities between the languages made Low Saxon be regarded a dialect of Dutch, and shifting from Low Saxon to Dutch would be relatively easy. Instead of adapting the school curriculum and guiding the children into learning Dutch as a second language and embracing the potential of the Low Saxon language, non-Dutch speaking parents were advised to speak Dutch with their children instead to increase their chances of success on the job market.
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Whatever his mother's origins, until he was ten years old Vidal and his siblings were literally bastards, a very stigmatised status at the time. The Vidal brothers were physically small but all three pursued naval careers in the Napoleonic wars and afterwards. The eldest was Richard Emeric Vidal (1785-1854), who was in battles and skirmishes in which 121 vessels were captured or destroyed;; the youngest was Alexander Thomas Emeric Vidal (1792-1863), a hydrographer who charted many unknown waters and became a Vice-Admiral. After their retirement from the Navy the oldest and youngest brothers bought land and became pioneersEmeric Essex had not the opportunity to do so, however, because in 1832 he was seriously wounded.
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In Scotland and Northern England, children’s use of the glottal stop [ʔ], in place of /t/ is described as “the most openly stigmatised feature.” The glottal stop can occur in any non-initial post-tonic position and excludes words like time and tide, since the /t/ is word-initial, and in words like pretend and patella, where it is pre-tonic. Examples where a glottal stop can replace a /t/ include words like better, city, dirty, football, hitting, and water. Children in Scotland and Northern England soon learn that the use of the glottal stop is considered inferior to the use of /t/ and are taught to correct themselves from an early age.
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Other socialist and left- wing related symbols, while not officially prohibited by law (as democratic socialism itself remained acceptable in the country) are still widely condemned by the Indonesian people and considered as being closely related to Communism in general. These include the red star, the socialist heraldry, the red flag, and anthems or slogans such as The Internationale and "Workers of the world, unite!". Despite this, The Internationale was still remained in use during International Labour Day. In addition, since the New Order regime was established in 1967, the hammer and sickle has become stigmatised in the country, which itself is very similar to how Nazi symbolism is treated in the West in general.
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The African migrants who fear a lower standard of living Sydney Morning Herald A behaviour stigmatised by white South Africans who remained in their homeland as "Packing for Perth". "Packing for Perth" (and the initials "PFP") was also a humorous dig and reference to supporters of the Progressive Federal Party - a political party formed in 1977 that drew support mainly from liberal English-speaking white people. The number of permanent settlers arriving in Australia from South Africa since 1991 (monthly) In 2007-08 4,000 South Africans permanently settled in Australia, a number that is slightly lower than previous years.Year Book 2008 The 2011 data showed that Sydney has the largest number of South African-born residents (31,680), followed by Perth (28,700), Melbourne (20,968).
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Bosnia (around 1900) There have been Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina for more than 600 years. Roma are deemed to have arrived in the territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina by the 14th–15th centuries, and to have adopted Islam as the majority confession during the times of Ottoman rule (15th–19th centuries). Already then, Roma were stigmatised and had to live in settlements outside city boundaries.Humanity in Action Rousseau, as French consul in Bosnia and Herzegovina, estimated in 1866 a number of 9,965 or 1.1 percent of the population were Romani. Johann Roskiewicz estimated in 1867 the number of the "Gypsies" in Bosnia at 9,000 (1.2 percent) and in Herzegovina at 2,500 (1.1 percent), resulting in a total of 11,500 Romani.
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Totally 72 teams participated, 18 from Alpha Ethniki, 18 from Beta, and 36 from Gamma. It was held in 6 rounds, included final. The Final was contested for second possessed year by Panathinaikos and AEK Athens, the "greens" via fire and iron, while in their course they eliminated, inter alia, Skoda Xanthi, with a goal in the last minute of extra time, and Olympiacos, with a goal in the last minute of the match with away goals rule. Contrary to the shocking Final of 1994, Final of that season was stigmatised by riots in the pitch and out of it, by the moment that the referee Filippos Mbakas gave a penalty in favour of Panathinaikos a few minutes before the end of extra time.
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Child prostitution is widespread and a serious problem. The majority of Bangladeshi prostituted children are based in brothels, with a smaller number of children exploited in hotel rooms, parks, railway and bus stations and rented flats. The UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimated in 2004 that there were 10,000 underage girls used in commercial sexual exploitation in the country, but other estimates placed the figure as high as 29,000. Many girls involved in child labour, such as working in factories and as domestic workers are raped or sexually exploited; these girls are highly stigmatised and many of them flee to escape such abuse, but often they find that survival sex is the only option open to them—once involved with prostitution they become even more marginalised.
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Senegalese Tirailleurs amongst the Honour Guard being inspected by Paul Tirard and Jean Degoutte 8 April 1920 The armistice of November 1918 had provision for the allied Occupation of the Rhineland and France played a major part in this. Between 25,000 and 40,000 colonial soldiers were part of this force. German attempts were made to discredit the use of non-European soldiers by the French during this occupation, as had earlier been the case during World War I. Although no hard evidence was produced, many campaigners claimed that the colonial soldiers – and the Senegalese in particular – were responsible for a substantial number of rapes and sexual assaults. Children resulting from these unions were stigmatised as "Rhineland Bastards" and subsequently suffered under the Nazi race laws.
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Some key members had strong links to the Israeli peace movement, the Jewish left, Labor Zionism, or other Jewish religious and cultural traditions. More recently, members with strong environmental concerns have become active. There had been a number of predecessor organisations in the past, though these had been strongly stigmatised in the McCarthyite atmosphere of the 1950s, when communal leadership in those years took an increasingly hard line on the Israel- Palestine issue. After the 1967 Six-Day War, the sharp decline in right-wing anti-Semitism, the rise of left-wing anti-Zionism, and the increased affluence of the community all tended to confirm and reinforce a Jewish move to the political right in a similar fashion to what occurred in other countries.
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This relationship came to an end with the droughts of the middle of the 1960s, the ensuing poverty reportedly driving them to prostitution and the provisions of entertainment, which were their chief occupations in the 1970s. Only some of the men played music, but all of the women were engaged in singing, dancing and prostitution. The latter activity was at that time stigmatised and illegal, but unlike many prostitutes in the settled areas, the Baluch women did not try to conceal their identity in public and dressed and behaved in a way that made them immediately recognisable as such. Women received clients in their summer camps, their husbands (or fathers if unmarried) setting the price and collecting the official earnings.
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He composed many fugitive pieces in prose and verse: his published works are anonymous. The best-known of them, a parody of Alexander Pope's Eloisa to Abelard long attributed to Richard Porson, is Eloisa en Dishabille: being a New Version of that Lady's celebrated Epistle to Abelard, done into familiar English metre by a Lounger, 1780. It was reprinted in 1801, and again in 1822, when the bookseller put on the title-page that it was ‘ascribed to Porson.’ Matthews wrote A Sketch from the Landscape: a Didactic Poem, addressed to R. Payne Knight, 1794, an attack which Richard Payne Knight, in the Advertisement to the second edition of the ‘Landscape,’ stigmatised as "a sort of doggerel ode" and "a contemptible publication".
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This "intertemporal optimization" is represented, for example, by the Keynes-Ramsey rule. In consumption sociology various theories of consumer society examine the influence of social norms on consumption decisions. Examples are conspicuous consumption, which was addressed as early as 1899 by Thorstein Veblen in his book The Theory of the Leisure Class, or competition with positional goods, which was described by Fred Hirsch in 1976 in the book Social Limits to Growth. Some authors claim that comparison with others and the unfair distribution of income and power would lead to a growth imperative for consumers: Consumers would have to work and consume more and more in order to achieve a minimum level of social participation, because the economically weak are stigmatised.
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This tendency resulting in several Indonesian political parties to brand itself as the part of nationalist-religious broad coalition in order to attract potential voters from both Muslim and the secular nationalist groups. The language of left- right political spectrum is seldom used in Indonesia - in distinct from other countries of the world. This tendency is the result of the New Order regime under Suharto that anathematised left-wing politics after the Indonesian mass killings of 1965-66 against members and supporters of the Communist Party of Indonesia. The New Order regime further stigmatised left-wing ideals as those espoused only by the communists, discouraging Indonesian political parties to identify itself as a left-wing movement lest they losing potential voters and be accused as communist.
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A lavender marriage is a male–female mixed marriage, undertaken as a marriage of convenience to conceal the socially stigmatised sexual orientation of one or both partners. The term dates from the early 20th century and is used almost exclusively to characterize certain marriages of public celebrities in the first half of the 20th century, primarily before World War II, when public attitudes made it impossible for a person acknowledging homosexuality to pursue a public career, notably in the Hollywood film industry.Claude J. Summers, The Queer Encyclopedia of Film & Television (Cleis Press, 2005), p. 132 One of the earliest uses of the phrase appeared in the British press in 1895, at a time when the colour was associated with homosexuality.
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Mack has several jobs that only last a certain period of time, which means that the uncertainty surrounding money is always evident to the children. After several house moves, including in with Mack's mother in Scotland, the family is finally evicted and forced to move in a bed and breakfast hotel ironically named "The Royal Hotel", which used to be a grand place but has become dirty and poorly maintained by ambivalent staff. Elsa nicknames the hotel "The Oyal Htl" due to the missing lettering on the hotel front. Elsa watches her family become more and more disheartened and down-trodden as they are forced to live in one room and stigmatised due to their status, and tries to help by making jokes, but this is not usually appreciated.
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For instance, Afrikaans-speaking Coloureds descended from South African immigrants typically formed the Coloured elite in Zimbabwe; they were followed in descending order on the social scale by Coloureds with one white and one Coloured parent, those with two Coloured parents, those with one white and one black parent, and the so-called "Indo-African" Coloureds with an Asian ancestor or parent. Marriages between Coloureds and black Africans are generally stigmatised, as the former preferred to select partners with visible white characteristics. Coloureds of British descent from Zambia and Malawi retain strong emotional ties to the United Kingdom. When India's independence movement began gaining momentum in the late 1940s, Coloured schools in central Africa rejected Indian instructors, emphasising that "love and patriotism to the British nation" were an integral part of their curricula.
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A Meena of Jajurh The Raj colonial administration came into existence in 1858, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 which caused the government of Britain to decide that leaving colonial administration in the hands of the East India Company was a recipe for further discontent. In an attempt to create an orderly administration through a better understanding of the populace, the Raj authorities instituted various measures of classifying the people of India. One such measure was the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, under the provisions of which the Meenas were placed. The community remained stigmatised for many years, notably by influential officials of the Raj such as Herbert Hope Risley and Denzil Ibbetson, and were sometimes categorised as animists and as a hill tribe similar to the Bhils.
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Pierre Laval and Pétain in the Frank Capra documentary film Divide and Conquer (1943) After the liberation, France was briefly swept by a wave of executions of suspected collaborators. Women who were suspected of having romantic liaisons with Germans were publicly humiliated by having their heads shaved. Those who had engaged in the black market were also stigmatised as "war profiteers" (profiteurs de guerre). However, the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF, 1944–46) quickly reestablished order and brought collaborators before the courts. Many of the convicted were later granted amnesty under the Fourth Republic (1946–1954), while some prominent civil servants, such as Maurice Papon, escaped prosecution altogether and succeeded in holding important positions even under Charles de Gaulle and the Fifth Republic (1958 and afterward).
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Contemporary printed media record that West Indian agricultural labourers had also immigrated in the closing decades of the Nineteenth Century, when their waning maritime industries forced Bermudians to explore other industries, including agriculture, which was highly stigmatised resulting in a reliance on imported labour, primarily from the Portuguese Atlantic islands. Bermuda's eastern parishes (Devonshire, Smith's, Hamilton, and St. George's) were primarily engaged in ship-building, with most farming (or gardening, as Bermudians term it) taking place in the central and western parishes (Sandys, Southampton, Warwick, and Paget). Consequently, in certain aspects of vocalization, some Bermudian English dialects are close to some versions of Caribbean English,Cecilia Cutler, "English in the Turks and Caicos Islands: A look at Grand Turk" in Contact Englishes of the Eastern Caribbean, ed. Michael Aceto and Jeffrey P. Williams.
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Baker's 2009 Wellcome Trust Diary Drawing exhibition about her experience of mental illness and recovery launched her onto a worldwide platform of mental health and arts campaigners, connecting her with a growing network of organisations and practitioners. Since then, she has aimed to use her position to help promote and foster opportunities for diverse marginalised artists. Her work focuses on undervalued and stigmatised aspects of everyday life and human behaviour, expressly undertaking to foreground the lives of women in the mainstream and bring status to so-called ‘humble’ daily activity. Baker's work explores feminist themes, framing the women's movement and marking its changes of agenda, moving from early work in food sculpture to later performances and installations which map the equivalences and commonalities between composing art and composing a life.
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KL Gangster tells the story of two brothers Malek (Aaron Aziz) and Jai (Ady Putra) who are entrapped in the gangster world. Malek was imprisoned for years due to being betrayed by his own group's masterminded, Shark (Syamsul Yusof) who is a stepchild to the King (Ridzuan Hashim), a leader of the most influential secret societies in KL. For Malek, after his release from prison, he wants to change the perception of life and stay away from the black life as a gangster. Routine normal life while caring for his aged mother, but as a former prisoner stigmatised by society is quite difficult for Malek at first. He is often interrupted by former gangster members who still bear a grudge with him, until the King appears, and offers help to Malek start so he can start his new life.
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Kosminsky flew to Israel with David Aukin, to visit places that would feature in the story, including the normally closed-off Deir Yassin, accompanied by modern Israeli historians organised by their pre-production partners, an Israeli documentary film company. Benny Morris let Kosminsky read a pre-publication proof copy of his book 1948; and from a recent PhD student of Motti Golani at Haifa University Kosminsky heard about the city hospitality clubs, still a stigmatised subject, which shaped the background for Clara in the story.DVD commentary, at 32:40 Scripts followed quickly, and by mid-2008 Channel 4 announced its backing for the project.Matthew Hemley, Channel 4 drama to be Morton’s directorial debut, The Stage, 25 July 2008 Daybreak had initially costed the drama at £8 million, which with some trimming they had been able to pare back to £7 million.
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It has been suggested that the films relatively positive critical reception in Latin America was due to critics being supportive of the opposition who denounce the event and its political fallout, it has also sometimes been stigmatised as a "film for activists" only. The film is "Chávez's favorite". Luisela Alvaray connects this and other parts of the film's release and production to place it within what is described as "part of a wider trend in state-funded cinema and academia that revisits history from a chavista perspective":fn 77 in order to reinvent history for political gain in the present. Chalbaud was criticized for the film, with the media in Venezuela — largely anti-Chavéz — "losing respect" for him after its release because of their perception that he had become "a director serving the government" rather than an artist.
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For instance, although les might be considered a stigmatised minority in Vietnamese society, Newton shows how they are able to claim public space as their own. On Saigon's sidewalks, les are able to “pass” as heterosexual, and hence blend in with broader heteronormative society.Newton, “Contingent,” 121. Les gather in groups to chat or play games, and can disappear quickly and discretely should the police decide to disperse the crowds. Protected by their “individual anonymity” in crowded streets and public parks, les are able to appropriate public spaces in order to nurture communalism and social intimacies.Newton, “Contingent,” 123. Similarly, ethnographer Alison J. Murray notes how “covert lesbian activities are an adaptation” to negotiate around prevailing Islamic ideology in Indonesia.Alison J. Murray, “Let Them Take Ecstasy: Class and Jakarta Lesbians,” in Female Desires: Same-sex Relations and Transgender Practices Across Cultures, ed.
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A brilliant initiative by Manjari Chaturvedi that is dedicated to work towards removing social stigmas associated with Courtesan, the Tawaifs, and thereby giving them much deserved respect and place as artists par excellence. "The Lost Songs and Dance of Courtesans - Gender discrimination in Arts and How it Shapes the Art for Future" is a project that archives and documents the lives and stories of the incredible women performers.[8] Manjari has undertaken an absolutely new work, it is a lot of research as it brings alive dance and stories of women who were stigmatised by the society for being performers both music and dance and in an unfortunate society ridden by gender discrimination were not even part of the documentation history of the performing arts. Hence it becomes imminent we tell their brilliant stories to the world and show their dance.
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Régime change at the beginning of 1933 ushered in twelve years of one-party dictatorship, and with political activity (except in respect of the Nazi party) now banned, in March 1933 Henriette Ackermann found herself taken into "protective custody". This was a routine experience for those who had been politically active during the 1920s, especially where the activities had involved Communism, and those detained were generally released after a year or so and placed under police surveillance. Although she was at liberty after some months, she later wrote that as a former communist she found herself stigmatised, one practical result of which was that it became particularly hard for her to find work in Hitler's Germany. It is recorded that Ackermann underwent two further periods of detention, both spent in the Ravensbrück concentration camp, during 1939/40 and again during 1944/45.
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In London, the Cockney dialect was traditionally used by the lower classes, and it was long a socially stigmatised variety. The spread of Cockney features across the south-east led the media to talk of Estuary English as a new dialect, but the notion was criticised by many linguists on the grounds that London had been influencing neighbouring regions throughout history. Traits that have spread from London in recent decades include the use of intrusive R (drawing is pronounced drawring ), t-glottalisation (Potter is pronounced with a glottal stop as Po'er ), and the pronunciation of th- as (thanks pronounced fanks) or (bother pronounced bover). Scots is today considered a separate language from English, but it has its origins in early Northern Middle English and developed and changed during its history with influence from other sources, particularly Scots Gaelic and Old Norse.
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Today spoken primarily by working- and middle-class African Americans, African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) is also largely non-rhotic and likely originated among enslaved Africans and African Americans influenced primarily by the non-rhotic, non- standard older Southern dialects. A minority of linguists, contrarily, propose that AAVE mostly traces back to African languages spoken by the slaves who had to develop a pidgin or Creole English to communicate with slaves of other ethnic and linguistic origins. AAVE's important commonalities with Southern accents suggests it developed into a highly coherent and homogeneous variety in the 19th or early 20th century. AAVE is commonly stigmatised in North America as a form of "broken" or "uneducated" English, as are white Southern accents, but linguists today recognise both as fully developed varieties of English with their own norms shared by a large speech community.
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Graph shows the fall of savings in government schemes with the rise of Ponzi funds (figures on y axis are in Crores INR) Companies illegally moving deposits diverted an estimated sum of from small savings funds promoted by state government since 2010. Official data show a steady decline in small-savings deposits and a rise in withdrawals, which left a reduced amount from which the state government could borrow. This affected the overall macroeconomic situation of the state; instead of being used by government for public funding, the money went into Ponzi schemes that were either diverted to foreign locations or were put to use for private gains. It was feared that legitimate non-banking financial companies and micro finance institutions would be stigmatised, leading to a vicious cycle of low depositor trust, higher interest rates, lower lending and a localised credit crisis.
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Although tattoos have gained popularity among the youth of Japan due to Western influence, tattoos continue to be stigmatised throughout most of Japan; unlike many other countries, even finding a tattoo shop in Japan can prove difficult, with tattoo shops primarily placed in areas that are very tourist- or US military-friendly. According to , the president of the Japan Tattoo Institute, there are an estimated 300 tattoo artists throughout the entirety of Japan.(Fulford, 2004, para 2) Tattooed Yakuza gangsters There are even current political repercussions for tattoos in Japan; in 2012, the then-mayor of Osaka, , started a campaign to rid companies of their employees with tattoos, with the aim of employees either removing their tattoos if in an obvious place, or tattooed employees finding work elsewhere.(The Economist, 2012, para 3) This campaign was largely well- received by the public, with many large companies expressing support for the plan.
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Council landlords cannot access this funding, another incentive to transfer management of council housing to an ALMO or HA. Governments since the early 1990s have also encouraged "mixed tenure" in regeneration areas and on "new-build" housing estates, offering a range of ownership and rental options, with a view to engineering social harmony through including "social housing" and "affordable housing" options. A recent research reportThe Promotion of 'Mixed Tenure': In Search of the Evidence Base Paper by Dr. Rebecca Tunstall on tenure mixing has argued that the evidence base for tenure mixing remains thin. Social housing occupants may be stigmatised and forced to use a poor door that is separate and less convenient than the door the unsubsidised occupants use and social housing may be less desirably situated. Most UK social housing tenants have the right to swap homes with another tenant even if their landlords are different.
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Kontula () is a quarter of Helsinki, Finland, part of the Mellunkylä neighbourhood. Due to its little higher than average concentration of government tenant housing complexes, immigrant and refugee population it is regarded as an average eastern Helsinki suburb. Kontula has generally been considered one of the most notorious suburbs in East Helsinki largely due to prevailing incidents of violence and drug dealing.Historical Layers and Cultural Intimacy: An Ethnographic Case Study of KontulaHistorical and Spatial Layers of Cultural Intimacy: Urban Transformation ofa Stigmatised Suburban Estate on the Periphery of HelsinkiPyörätuolissa istunut mies puukotti avuntarjoajaa sydämeen Helsingissä – ”Kontula on pahamaineinen paikka”, tuomittu perusteli kääntöveitsellä varustautumistaan (in Finnish)Asuinalue esittelyssä: Monikulttuurinen Kontula on palkittu lähiö (in Finnish)Tour de Kontula (in Finnish)Pahamaineinen Kontula on muutakin kuin narkkareita ja alkoholisteja – festivaalit lähestyvät (in Finnish) Kontula was built mostly in the 1960s and 1970s when more housing was required in Helsinki.
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Persons with albinism often face social and cultural challenges (including threats), as the condition is often a source of ridicule, discrimination, or even fear and violence. In most African states, persons with albinism are socially stigmatised and less likely to complete schooling, find employment, and find partners. The majority of people with albinism in East Africa live in marginalized social conditions and in a state of economic vulnerability because, apart from having a different physical appearance and suffering from visual impairments, they cannot actively take part in agricultural work due to their sensitivity to the sun, and this effectively excludes them from engaging in the major productive activity in most rural areas. In African countries such as Tanzania and Burundi, there has been unprecedented rise in witchcraft- related killings of people with albinism in recent years, because their bodies are used in portions sold by witch doctors.
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Rama liberates Ahalya from her stone form in this 19th-century Kalighat painting. Ahalya has been examined in a new light by several modern writers, most commonly through short stories or through poetry in various Indian languages. Although Ahalya is a minor character in all ancient sources, "stigmatised and despised by those around her" for violating gender norms, modern Indian writers have elevated her to the status of an epic heroine, rather than an insignificant figure in the saga of Rama. However, in modern devotional Ramayana adaptations where Rama is the hero, the redemption of Ahalya continues to be a supernatural incident in his life. Ahalya's tale lives on in modern-day poetry, including works by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali and English; P. T. Narasimhachar's 1940 Kannada poetic drama, Ahalya, which weighs kama against dharma (pleasure against duty); and the works of the Sanskrit scholar and poet Chandra Rajan.
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However, a major review published in 2007, which evaluated the evidence for these benefits, concluded that no studies meeting the minimum quality standards required in this field have demonstrated such a benefit. The review further argues that unsubstantiated claims that "positive outlook" or "fighting spirit" can help slow cancer may be harmful to the patients themselves if they come to believe that their poor progress results from "not having the right attitude". In her book Authors of Our Own Misfortune, Angela Kennedy argues that psychogenic explanations for physical illnesses are rooted in faulty logic and moralistic belief systems which situate patients with medically unexplained symptoms as deviant, bad and malingering. The diagnosis of a psychogenic disorder often has detrimental consequences for these patients as they are stigmatised and denied adequate support because of the contested nature of their condition and the value judgements attached to it.
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Croatian linguists fought this wave of "populist purism", led by various patriotic non-linguists. Ironically: the same people who were, for decades, stigmatised as ultra-Croatian "linguistic nationalists" (Stjepan Babić, Dalibor Brozović, Radoslav Katičić, Miro Kačić) have been accused as pro-Serbian "political linguists" simply because they opposed these "language purges" that wanted to purge numerous words of Church Slavonic origin (which are common not only to Croatian and Serbian, but are also present in Polish, Russian, Czech and other Slavic languages). In 1993, the Dr. Ivan Šreter Award was created to promote neologisms in Croatian. Before 1994, the ruling Croatian Democratic Union (which had come into power in 1990) considered ideas reminiscent of the Independent State of Croatia language policy in the form of the so-called korijenski pravopis, but ultimately discarded it as too radical and instead made the londonski pravopis, originally made during the Croatian Spring, official.
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In Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali [2002] 1 AC 251 an employee made redundant by BCCI, claimed the usual statutory payments and, under the aegis of ACAS, signed an agreement to accept a sum "in full and final settlement of all or any claims of whatsoever nature that exist or may exist against BCCI." The House of Lords held that this exclusion clause did not prevent employees from reopening their agreements when, following BCCI's collapse, it became clear that a significant part of the bank's business had been run dishonestly and the employees found that they were stigmatised for having worked there. When the parties signed the release, they could not have realistically supposed that a claim for damages in respect of disadvantage and stigma was a possibility. Accordingly, they claimed they could not have intended the release to apply to such a claim.
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The Commission immediately sentenced them, as contemners of the ordinances, to be scourged through the town, stigmatised (that is, branded with a red-hot iron), and thereafter imprisoned, and with the first ship conveyed to Barbadoes. For the same opposition to the entry of the curate of Ancrum, two brothers were soon afterwards transported to Barbadoes, and their sister barbarously scourged through the town of Jedburgh. This is but a slight instance of their procedure at an early period, during which this Court of High Commission and the Privy Council divided the exercise of illegal oppression. At length the lay commissioners, shocked at the excessive cruelty of the bishops, refused to take any part in the proceedings; the people, preferring the risk of being outlawed, refused to obey the summons of the judges; and the Commission, in the course of two years, was allowed to expire.
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Considered to be the defining element of Eshay fashion was the introduction of the Nike TN, an expensive sneaker adorned with eye-catching colours. Sportswear stores in Western Sydney have consistently recorded the highest sales of TNs in Australia, though the shoe was divisive, largely stigmatised by the mainstream who associated it with criminality. The wearing of Nike TN's, as well as Tailwinds (commonly referred to as Jailwinds) denote street-credibility and esteem within the prison-system respectively, as both shoes require the wearer to defend them should another group of “Lads” seek to rob them. In the beginning of 2013 the TN still mostly maintained its criminal reputation, the conservative sector of society were still terrified of the sneakers silhouette and the TN faithful were still wearing them with unwavering pride. But in that same year, a 15th anniversary year for the Air Max Plus, Foot Locker relaunched the original ’Tiger Orange’ and ‘Hyper Blue’ colourways.
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Normanton was born in East London to Jane Amelia (nee Marshall) and piano maker William Alexander Normanton. In 1886, when she was just four years old, her father was found dead in a railway tunnel. Her mother, who may already have been separated from her father, a stigmatised position in those days, brought up Helena and her younger sister Ethel aloneHelena Normanton biography , Spartacus Educational, accessed 10 January 2011— letting rooms in the family home, before moving to Brighton to run a grocery and later a boarding house.Joanne Workman, ‘Normanton, Helena Florence (1882–1957)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2011 accessed 20 July 2012 Normanton describes the moment she decided to become a barrister in her book, 'Everyday Law for Woman'. She says that as a twelve years old girl, she was visiting a solicitor's office with her mother, who was unable to understand the solicitor’s advice.
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Many others called to see him, including Jan Alla, Bab Alla, Raja Bagh Sawar, and Nirgun received them, seated on a stone which is still pointed out. He also paid return visits, and took with him a starling (maina), which was always his companion and was able to talk. There is a story current, that Nirgun was murdered by the patels of Nidhara and Tandulwara, for the sake of this maina, which Jan Alla coveted It is said that three days after Nirgun's death, Jan Alla gave a great feast to all the dervishes, on which occasion, the, maina pointed out the corpse of Nirgun, and denouncing Jan Alla as his murderer, fell down dead upon its master. From that day, Jan Alla was stigmatised as "Jan Alla maina mar", and the fakirs of the Nakshbandi, Kadaria, Madaria, Rafai, Sada Sohag, and Jalali orders, and the numerous sects to which these gave rise, consider the khadims of Kadrabad out of caste and will not eat with them.
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This organisation with local committees, comprising the farmers whom the communists considered to be the "good" guys or at least useful beadles for their purposes, was granted the disposal over certain expropriated agricultural stocks and machines, thus compromising the one farmers to collaborate with communism and dispose of former property of their fellows, who were stigmatised by the communists as the "bad" guys to be expropriated – generally following the Macchiavellist principle of divide et impera. Although claiming to be for the farmers' benefit the VdgB became an instrument to accustom and prepare the farmers to their future compulsory collectivisation. In September the VdgB sold Degebrodt's former tools rather than use them, a decision maybe determined by the village climate creating odd feelings if farmers use their neighbour's former belongings. The already streamlined Brandenburgian umbrella organisation sharply criticised this sale claiming the local VdgB should have handed over the expropriated machinery to the locally competent Maschinen-Ausleih-Station (MAS; machine loan-out station), a government-run organisation claiming expropriated agricultural machinery and putting it out on loan to farmers without such machines.
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Muzzarelli's a distinguished career in the curia and as a member of the Accademia dei Lincei at Rome and corresponding member of numerous academiesHis academic pseudonym of the Accademia dell'Arcadia, Rome, was Dalindo Efesio (The Academy's Adunanza generale, 1828:19, noted at Accademia dell'Arcadia was overtaken by revolutionary events of the Risorgimento. At the time of the uprising that created a Roman Republic following the assassination of Pellegrino Rossi, Muzzarelli was appointed First Minister (16 November 1848), the last in a rapid succession of First Ministers that tumultuous year;Italian States to 1860: office-holders when Pius left for Gaeta, 24 November 1848, he left a government in the hands of Muzzarelli, as Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri. Muzzarelli found himself stigmatised as a "revolutionary" by those clerics and patricians who left Rome to join the Pope in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. At the formation of a new government in a new Roman Republic, following an election in which the pope from his exile had proclaimed the act of voting an act of sacrilege, Muzzarelli was requested to retain his position.
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