"Apparently, it was in use in stenographic books for a while," Ms. Michaels explained in an interview last year for her Times obituary.
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Grand jurors sat for months, hearing evidence; multiple judges, up to and including members of the state's highest court, reviewed and ruled on the case, whittling down the charges; defense lawyers, including, among others, Justine Harris, Florian Miedel and Sam Gregory — who worked at a discount, but not free — filed volumes of motions; the full machinery of the judicial system, including court officers, law clerks and stenographic reporters, was deployed every time there was a hearing.
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Stenographic protocol of the first session of the Bundestag. 27 October 2009.
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Stenographic or stenomask court reporting most often allow for a quality transcript produced on an hourly, daily, expedited or standard turnaround. Stenographic court reporters working as broadcast captioners often contract with or by television producers and stations to provide real-time closed captioning of live programs for the hearing-impaired.
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His students edited his lectures and notes from stenographic recordings and unpublished papers and published his work after his death.
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Scherff was responsible for the destruction of parts of the complete stenographic record of Hitler's military conferences despite not having the authority to do so. Those copies under the administration of the Stenographic Service were ordered burned early in May 1945, at his direction. His personal copies were also "probably" burned, according to historians, as "Scherff made it plain that his opinion of Hitler as a general had changed, and he strongly criticized the military strategy of the last few years." Heiber, Helmut and David M. Glantz, Hitler and his Generals: Military Conferences 1942-1945 (Enigma Books, New York, NY, 2004 ) The destruction of the Stenographic Service copies in Berchtesgaden was not carried out efficiently, however, and large tracts of the stenographic record survived the fire.
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Traditional shorthand systems are written on paper with a stenographic pencil or a stenographic pen. Some consider that strictly speaking only handwritten systems can be called shorthand. Machine shorthand is also a common term for writing produced by a stenotype, a specialized keyboard. These are often used for court room transcripts and in live subtitling.
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There are three competitors to Speedwords. They are (1) shorthand as simplified letterforms, (2) shorthand as picture symbols, and, (3) shorthand using non-stenographic systems (that is, alphabetic characters). Simplified letterforms are also called stenographic shorthand systems. One type of letterform geometric is based on circles, parts of circles, and straight lines placed strictly horizontally, vertically or diagonally.
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Shorthands that use simplified letterforms are sometimes termed stenographic shorthands, contrasting with alphabetic shorthands, below. Stenographic shorthands can be further differentiated by the target letter forms as geometric, script, and semi-script or elliptical. Geometric shorthands are based on circles, parts of circles, and straight lines placed strictly horizontally, vertically or diagonally. The first modern shorthand systems were geometric.
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This office transcribes House proceedings verbatim for publication in the Congressional Record and provides stenographic support to committees for all hearings, meetings, and mark-up sessions.
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He first proposed this in Stenographic Soundhand in 1837. He was also the vice- president of the Vegetarian Society. Pitman was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1894.
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Personal Shorthand, originally known as Briefhand in the 1950s, is a completely alphabetic shorthand. There are three basic categories of written shorthand. Best known are pure symbol (stenographic) shorthand systems (e.g., Gregg, Pitman).
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John Spargo (ed.), National Convention of the Socialist Party Held at Indianapolis, Ind., May 12 to 18, 1912: Stenographic Report. Chicago: the Socialist Party, [1912]; pg. 122. Hereafter: 1912 National Convention Stenographic Report. The debate was vitriolic, with Victor L. Berger of Wisconsin stating the matter in its most bellicose form: Spargo played a leading role in this purge of the party's left wing with his 1913 book entitled Syndicalism, Industrial Unionism and Socialism, an attack on the syndicalism of the IWW and its supporters.
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Then Dutton promoted Speedwords for high-speed writing. This used ideas and experience based on Dutton Shorthand. Dutton developed this stenographic method between 1919 and 1926. This approach also assumed that the writer and reader were different.
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Some shorthand systems attempted to ease learning by using characters from the Latin alphabet. Such non-stenographic systems have often been described as alphabetic, and purists might claim that such systems are not 'true' shorthand. However, these alphabetic systems do have value for students who cannot dedicate the years necessary to master a stenographic shorthand. Alphabetic shorthands cannot be written at the speeds theoretically possible with symbol systems—200 words per minute or more—but require only a fraction of the time to acquire a useful speed of between 60 and 100 words per minute.
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Mediban was usually recorded in siyakat script; a specialised and condensed form of text, almost stenographic, which was used where much of the content was numerical. Siyakat was so widely associated with accounting and fiscal documents that it became a synonym.
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The library in Assam State Museum was established in 1985 and is rich in its stenographic collections. There are various periodicals, journals and books relating to art, culture, mythology, biography, encyclopedic works and even the Asiatic Society journals of the country.
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He was parliamentary stenographer for the West German Bundestag from 1953 to 1958 and Leiter of the Stenographic Service of the Bundesrat from 1958 until retirement in 1978. Lorenz died while traveling from Bonn to Düsseldorf on 23 November 1985 aged 72.
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Stahl, pp. 15, 16, 17 Occasionally, Stahl returned to fiction writing, producing Un român în lună, the found manuscript of space exploration: a newspaperman chances upon a mysterious text, which turns out to be the stenographic account of a Romanian voyage to the Moon.
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At the convention, Spargo was elected Chairman of the Resolutions Committee and he reported as such to the conclave. Among other topics, the committee passed resolutions attacking the payment of "exorbitant fees or salaries" of socialist speakers and lecturers and condemning "all propaganda organizations, not connected with the Socialist Party, doing Socialist propaganda" and declaring membership in any such organization to be "sufficient cause for expulsion" from the SPA.Willam Mailly (ed.), National Convention of the Socialist Party Held at Chicago, Illinois, May 1 to 6, 1904: Stenographic Report. Chicago: National Committee of the Socialist Party, [1904]; pg. 65. Hereafter: 1904 National Convention: Stenographic Report.
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A stenographic report of the Peterson-Fraina encounter was published by the CPA as a pamphlet as Stenographic Report of the "Trial" of Louis C. Fraina, in which it was broadly hinted that it was Nuorteva rather than Fraina who was guilty of espionage activity. Finally allowed to depart for Moscow, Fraina arrived only to find that rumors of the espionage charge had not been dispelled. Two more hearings were held under the auspices of the Comintern itself — one before the convening of the 2nd World Congress and the second one immediately after.Charles Shipman, It Had to Be Revolution: Memoirs of an American Radical.
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Prior to taking a deposition, the court reporter administers the same oath or affirmation that the deponent would take if the testimony were being given in court in front of a judge and jury. Thereafter, the court reporter makes a verbatim digital or stenographic record of all that is said during the deposition, in the same manner that witness testimony is recorded in court. Some jurisdictions allow stenomask technology in lieu of traditional stenographic equipment, although many jurisdictions still prohibit stenomask because of its disconcerting effect on some lawyers and witnesses. Attorneys for the deposing litigant are often present, although this is not required in all jurisdictions.
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Marie Louise Passy was the daughter of Frédéric Passy and Blanche Sageret. She married Louis André Paulian, the head of the Chamber of Deputies's stenographic bureau. Their daughter, Mathilde Paulian, climbed over the railings of the Eiffel Tower observation deck in February 1912 and fell to her death.
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Glišić was born on 27 February 1910 in Požega from mother Stanka and father Stojadin. Glišić was married and had two children.The trial of Dragoljub-Draža Mihailović stenographic record and documents from the trial of Dragoljub-Draža Mihailović. Glišić was student of Military Academy in Belgrade in period 1927—33.
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After recording the sermons, Watt transcribed them and sent them to the speaker for careful review. By far, Young has the most sermons recorded in the Journal, with 390. It was said that: > Brigham Young secured stenographic reports of his addresses. As he traveled > among the people, reporters accompanied him.
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According to Bimba's lawyer, Bimba had spoken extemporaneously at Lithuanian Hall in Brockton from an outline and no stenographic record of his remarks existed."Cites Particulars in Blasphemy Case: Brockton Prosecutor Says Bimba Flouted God and Denied Christ's Divinity: Communist Makes Denial," New York Times, Feb. 19, 1926, pg. 3. —Paywalled.
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Whatever his interpretations, he is usually scrupulous about citing his sources, which he copies with "stenographic accuracy". Here, however, he says merely commemorantur, adderunt, which have the implied subject "ancient writers". The dog's names mean "White-black" (or perhaps "gray"), "Sparkler", "Runner", "Yearned-for", "Shining", "Wolf-slayer", "Fear- eater"(?) and "Bear-slayer".
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Digital recordings often operated by court clerks or AAERT members does not provide for instant play back or review of portions of the recording with ease. A Certified Realtime Reporter (CRR) and a Certified Broadcast Captioner (CBC) offer the ability to show live transcription of the spoken record by captioning what is said to display it on a screen in real time, and as the latter is a stenographic court reporter, they can provide instant read back of testimony unlike a recording. Many stenographic court reporters work as freelance reporters or independent contractors in depositions and other situations that require an official legal transcript, such as arbitration hearings or other formal proceedings. "CART" providers, computer-aided real-time transcription, also often provide real-time services for public events, religious services, webcasts, and educational services.
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His stenographic method consisted in cutting out the superfluous consonants as well as the vowels in polysyllabic words. It used an alphabet composed of 19 letters of simplified shapes. He taught stenography at Oxford as well as the universities of Scotland and Ireland for many years.Butler, 70-71 His system was adopted for several other languages, including French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Swedish.
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John Spargo (ed.), National Convention of the Socialist Party Held at Indianapolis, Ind., May 12 to 18, 1912: Stenographic Report by Wilson E. McDermut, assisted by Charles W. Phillips. Chicago: The Socialist Party, 1912; pp. 166-167. Before he became mayor of Berkeley, Wilson ran for governor of California in 1910 on the Socialist ticket and received 12% of the votes cast.
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Darlington was born in Pocopson Township, Pennsylvania on December 24, 1827, the son of son of Richard and Edith (Smedley) Darlington. He attended the common schools and the Friends’ Central School in Philadelphia. He taught at Friends’ Central School for several years, and while teaching he made stenographic reports of sermons, lectures, and speeches for the newspapers of Philadelphia. He established a school in Ercildoun, Pennsylvania.
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After World War I he moved to Warsaw, where he headed the Sejm (parliament) stenographic office. Irzykowski was coworker "Skamander", the Wiadomości Literackie and in the years 1921 to 1933 of the Robotnik. He raised his voice in many discussions on literature. He provided a theatre column on Polish radio and in the Rocznik Literacki, and was a member of the Polish Literary Academy.
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When Wolfe was eight years old the family lived at McKnightstown, only four miles from their grandfather's farm which Wolfe used to visit to spend time with grandfather Bill, cuddling him, as he was grew weaker in old age. At age of 19, Wolfe attended Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie to prepare for stenographic work and met her first flame, a Spaniard from Puerto Rico.
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John Locke was among the admirers of Rich's shorthand, which had a wide vogue. Rich's tiny volume of the Psalms in metre, written in stenographic characters, was published in 1659, and the companion volume, the New Testament, appeared in the same year, with the names of many of his patrons. In October 2011, the BBC's Antiques Roadshow featured a miniature bible by Rich, valued at between £1,000 and £1,500.
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NCRA supports individuals through education and certification, promotion of the stenographic profession throughout the legal industry, and defense of the industry in government. NCRA provides news and information to its members through email newsletters and its JCR magazine, as well as on its website. Industry professionals benefit from membership with NCRA by broadening their network, bringing them new business, personal and career enhancements, and receiving access to information and education.
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He was the last and oldest Old Bolshevik to be murdered on Stalin's orders. The stenographic report of the trial was published only in 1994 and in a highly edited form. Following the release of the documents, it also emerged that Nikita Khrushchev issued a posthumous pardon to Lozovsky and all executed members of the Jewish Anti-Fascist committee stating that the trials were conducted in "flagrant violations of the law".
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Reginald John Garfield Dutton (1886–1970) was the inventor of the auxiliary language and stenographic system known as Dutton Speedwords. Dutton was born in Nottingham, England, and the eldest son of George H. J. Dutton. Dutton studied Pitman Shorthand and other shorthand systems as an aid to his work as a newspaper correspondent. He invented his own system, published in 1916 under the title "Shorthand in Three Days".
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She transcribes their words in a stenographic report, and uses it to foil the deal. Graham is very appreciative, and he and Shirley get to know each other. Shirley falls in love with Graham, but she receives word that he is engaged to another woman. The two swindlers seek revenge on Shirley by kidnapping her, but she manages to notify Graham by dropping a note out of a car window.
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In 1815, he learned the system of Samuel Taylor (1772–1834) adapted by Théodore-Pierre Bertin for French. In 1820, after inventing his own method of stenography, he abandoned his career as a lawyer and traveled across France, as well as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland, giving conferences and teaching his system. He published the books History of Stenography and Inventions of Aimé Paris. His stenographic works were followed and completed by Louis Prosper Guénin.
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It avoided the problems of constructed quasi-European language like Esperanto, or, natural languages such as English. Blissymbolics was conceived as a purely visual, speech-less language but provided a basic vocabulary that could be spoken. Non-stenographic systems or alphabetic systems may also supplement the alphabetic characters by using punctuation marks as additional characters, give different meanings when letters are capitalised, or add non-alphabetic symbols. The most popular of these is Esperanto.
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It typically takes anywhere from two to four years to learn the basic skills to become a stenographic court reporter. Applicants first learn to use the keyboard, which takes the most amount of time, and heavy academic training is also required. Training to learn the basic skills to become a voice writer reporter typically takes six to nine months at the minimum. To become realtime proficient in voice writing can take years to pass certification.
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In addition, voice writers can work as broadcast captioners though stenographically trained reporters are preferred. Multi- channel, digital audio allows for isolated playback of channels during transcription. This allows transcribers to listen from different vantage points when playing back the audio. This multi-channel feature especially helps during moments of extraneous noise such as laughter, shouting, coughing and sneezing, but it is still deemed inferior to having a stenographic reporter during the proceedings.
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Doris May Green was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to a family of Russian-Jewish immigrants. She was raised by her mother, Ann (née Meltzer), and her maternal grandparents in The Bronx, New York, after her father, Larry Green, deserted the family. Roberts' stepfather, whose surname she took as her own, was Chester H. Roberts. Chester and Roberts' mother operated the Z.L. Rosenfield Agency, a stenographic service catering to playwrights and actors.
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Lyne & Arthur, p 111 The bulk of the enlisted women had clerical and stenographic civilian backgrounds and the USCG wanted them for this reason. Exciting jobs were few and far between, yet not all assigned to paperwork found it boring. Some saw how their contribution fit into the big picture. In smaller numbers, the enlisted personnel were found in practically every other billet, from baking pies, to rigging parachutes, and driving jeeps.
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See: Transactions of the Nineteenth Annual Reunion of the Oregon Pioneer Society for 1891. Portland, OR: A. Anderson & Co., 1891; pg. 32. with stenographic reports of these meetings published in pamphlet form for the historical record. In 1874 the Oregon Pioneer Association offered to merge with the Oregon Historical Society, but the offer was declined, apparently due to the latter group's intention to limit itself to historical study rather than fraternal interaction.
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The Gallery of Shorthand is located in the building's lobby immediately inside the main entrance. The educational exhibit traces the development of shorthand, stenography and court reporting from ancient times to the present in many parts of the world. On display are examples of shorthand from the ancient Middle East and China, as well as books about stenographic techniques from various countries and numerous stenotype machines from different periods and for different languages.
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The salary of the Translator-Secretary also began to be covered by the SPA effective October 1910. Victor Watia served as the first National Translator of the Organization of Finnish Socialists.Sarlund, "Report of the Finnish Translator-Secretary to the Socialist Convention, 1912," pg. 237.Watia, "Report of Finnish Translator," in John Work (ed.), National Convention of the Socialist Party Held at Chicago, Illinois, May 10 to 17, 1908: Stenographic Report. Chicago: The Socialist Party, [1908]; pg. 315.
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His book went into a second edition in 1795, a third in 1796 and a fourth in 1803. He continued to work for the government during the Directory, but the Consulate and First Empire did not employ his services. Under the Restauration, he established a stenographic service for the French Parliament and took a government post in the administration of business licenses (Régie des Droits Réunis). In 1817, he had become stenographer for the conservative journal Le Moniteur Universel.
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Robertson College was established in 1911 when its founder Mary Irvine Robertson initiated plans to begin a court- reporting business with her sister who was already living in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. In Edinburgh Scotland Mrs. Robertson had worked as a shorthand stenographer and reporter in the city hall. Mrs. Robertson and her young daughter emigrated from Scotland to Canada in 1912. 1913 saw the start of she and her sister's court reporting business, the Dominion Stenographic Service.
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Wilhelm Pieck (1876-1960), first President of East Germany, as he appeared in his later years. Setting the stage for the 7th World Congress was the keynote report on the Activities of ECCI, delivered on the second day by Wilhelm Pieck of the Communist Party of Germany.Wilhelm Pieck, "The Activities of the Executive Committee of the Communist International," in VII Congress of the Communist International: Abridged Stenographic Report of Proceedings. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1939; pp. 15-71.
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Like her fellow Impressionist Mary Cassatt, she focused on domestic life and portraits in which she could use family and personal friends as models, including her daughter Julie and sister Edma. The stenographic presentation of her daily life conveys a strong hope to stop the fleeting passage of time. By portraying flowers, she used metaphors to celebrate womanhood. Prior to the 1860s, Morisot painted subjects in line with the Barbizon school before turning to scenes of contemporary femininity.
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In 1935 Gertrude Stein gave a series of talks in the United States that included, on January 12 and 13, a visit to Choate. Fortunately for literary posterity, her audience included both a stenographer and Dudley Fitts, critic, translator, and longtime teacher of Greek and Latin at Choate. Stein's public speaking style was extemporary, and Fitts recognized the permanent value of a stenographic transcript. After an exchange of letters, Stein authorized Fitts to oversee publication of her talk in The Choate Literary Magazine.
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No stenographic records are made by the trial court and the record is composed of what the judges decide. It also criticized the judiciary for failing to ensure that trials are conducted speedily.M&C;, Human rights group slams Thailand's judicial system, 26 March 2007 Research judges assist the sitting judges. Judges must take an examination and two different examinations are given: one exam is for judges trained in Thailand and a different examination is given for judges who graduate from foreign law schools.
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The book Sri Sri Rāmakrishna Kathāmrita by Mahendranath Gupta under the pseudonym M., was published in five volumes in 1902, 1905, 1908, 1910 and 1932. Mahendranath Gupta recorded his daily interactions with Ramakrishna in his diary which were subsequently published as Sri-Sri-Ramakrishna-Kathamrta in 5 Volumes in Bengali. According to Romain Rolland, the information in these volumes is available with "stenographic precision". The English translations of Kathamrita were published by Swami Nikhilananda in his book The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna.
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Non-stenographic systems often supplement alphabetic characters by using punctuation marks as additional characters, giving special significance to capitalised letters, and sometimes using additional non-alphabetic symbols. Examples of such systems include Stenoscript, Speedwriting and Forkner shorthand. However, there are some pure alphabetic systems, including Personal Shorthand, SuperWrite, Easy Script Speed Writing, and Keyscript Shorthand which limit their symbols to a priori alphabetic characters. These have the added advantage that they can also be typed—for instance, onto a computer, PDA, or cellphone.
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Location of Trinity Peninsula. Bezenšek Spur (, ‘Bezenshekov Rid’ \'be-zen- she-kov 'rid\\) is the 5.5 km long and 800 m wide rocky ridge rising to 900 m in the northeast foothills of Detroit Plateau on southern Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is projecting from the southeast side of Povien Peak eastwards between Marla Glacier and Diplock Glacier. The feature is named after the Slovene-Bulgarian linguist Anton Bezenšek (1854-1915) who developed the stenographic system for the Bulgarian language.
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The SLUB moved into a large new building in 2002 to bring together the inventories of both its predecessors. Its collection numbers nearly nine million, making it one of the largest public archival centers in the Federal Republic of Germany. It holds significant treasures, including the Codex Dresdensis, an octagonal Koran from 1184 and a copy of the Peter Schoeffer Bible printed in 1462. Within the SLUB is the Deutsche Fotothek, holding some 4 million photographs from the past 80 years, and the German Stenographic Institute.
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Metcalfe published a stenographic system very much along the lines of Thomas Shelton's Tachygraphy. The first edition of his work was entitled Radio-Stenography, or Short Writing and is supposed to have been published in 1635. A so-called sixth edition appeared at London in 1645. It was followed in 1649 by A Schoolmaster to Radio- Stenography, explaining all the Rules of the said Art, by way of Dialogue betwixt Master and Scholler, fitted to the weakest capacities that are desirous to learne this Art.
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Example of Roller's shorthand. As a result of the conflict with Arends, Roller decided to develop his own shorthand system which he published under the title "Vollständiger Leitfaden einer einfachen, in wenigen Stunden erlernbaren Stenographie für den Schul-, Korrespondenz- und parlamentarischen Gebrauch" (complete instructions to a simple, in a few hours learnable stenographic system for school, correspondence and parliament usage) on 1 October 1875. The book was published in 24 editions between 1875 and 1898. Roller made frequent adjustments to the system in the following years.
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Acts and resolves of the General Assembly of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (Henry Ward, Secretary, 1911):483. By 1910 PCI had purchased machinery for making brooms, sewing and printing, in order to enable students to earn their way in a co-operative work program.Rhode Island Board of Education, Report of the State Board of Education ... Together with the Report of the Commissioner of Public Schools, Part 1 (1911):136; Smith, 203. To attract more students, PCI soon started commercial and stenographic courses.
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One difference between voice writing court reporters and stenographic court reporters is the method of making the record. The goal of a stenographer is to write verbatim what attorneys, witnesses, and others are saying in a proceeding when the parties are "on the record." The goal of a voice writer is to dictate verbatim what attorneys, witnesses, and others are saying in a proceeding. Though the methods of taking down the record are different, the role and duty requirements of the court reporter are the same.
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Frequently the most desired witness (the deponent) is an opposite party to the action. In that instance, legal notice may be given to that person's attorney, and a subpoena is not required. But, if the witness is not a party to the lawsuit (a third party) or is reluctant to testify, then a subpoena must be served on that party. To ensure an accurate record of statements made during a deposition, a court reporter is present and typically transcribes the deposition by digital recording or stenographic means.
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In 1834 in Germany, Franz Xaver Gabelsberger published his Gabelsberger shorthand. Gabelsberger based his shorthand on the shapes used in German cursive handwriting rather than on the geometrical shapes that were common in the English stenographic tradition. Yiddish Shorthand Hebrew Shorthand Taylor's system was superseded by Pitman shorthand, first introduced in 1837 by English teacher Sir Isaac Pitman, and improved many times since. Pitman's system has been used all over the English-speaking world and has been adapted to many other languages, including Latin.
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M had the habit of maintaining a personal diary since the age of thirteen. M met Sri Ramakrishna in 1882 and attracted by the latter's teachings, started to maintain a stenographic record of Sri Ramakrishna's conversations and actions in his diary, which finally took the form of a book Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita. Initially when M began writing the diaries, he had no plans of publication. Regarding his methodology M wrote, In each of his Kathamrita entries, M records the date, time and place of the conversation.
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John Spargo, Meyer London, and Leo Laukki (1880-1938) were the minority on this committee, opposing exclusionism. Untermann and Wanhope's majority proposal was effectively killed by the convention on motion by Charles Solomon of New York not to receive the committee's report, but rather to hold the matter open for further investigation and final decision by the next party convention, scheduled for four years hence.John Spargo (ed.), National Convention of the Socialist Party Held at Indianapolis, Ind., May 12 to 18, 1912: Stenographic Report by Wilson E. McDermut, assisted by Charles W. Phillips.
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After graduation, he taught school for a year or more, and then entered the Law School at Litchfield, Conn., and was admitted to the bar at Middletown about 1811. So untiring was his industry while pursuing his professional studies, that he wrote from his own stenographic notes the entire course of lectures, making three manuscript volumes, said to be the only correct copy of the lectures of Judges Reeve and Gould now extant. Settling in Haddam in 1816, he afterwards represented that town in the Connecticut State Legislature tor two sessions, in 1825 and 1831.
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Heath, Social Democracy Red Book, pg. 37. After a brief honeymoon period in the late 1870s had run its course, the SLP saw the departure of most of its English-speaking members. The party's English- language organ, Bulletin of the Social Labor Movement, appeared monthly from Detroit in the shadow of the powerful Chicago German-language radical press until it was finally discontinued altogether at the end of 1883. The party was so thoroughly German that it published the stenographic proceedings of its 1884 and 1885 National Conventions only in that language.
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Andrée and Frænkel also kept meticulous records of their experiences and geographical positions, Andrée in his "main diary,"Med Örnen mot polen, pp. 391–461; the last four pages of Andrée's diary were so damaged when recovered that only fragments could be deciphered. Frænkel in his meteorological journal. Strindberg's own stenographic diary was more personal in content, and included his general reflections on the expedition, as well as several messages to his fiancée Anna Charlier.Med Örnen mot polen, pp. 465–485. All three manuscripts were eventually retrieved from the ice on Kvitøya in 1930.
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Unfortunately, Davis did not allow the oral argument to be printed because the stenographic transcript was so garbled he feared it would not be close to what was said at the Court. Of particular note in the case is that one of the Justices was Tom Clark, who as Attorney General in 1949 had advised Truman to proceed with the seizure of Republic Steel. Yet in 1952, Justice Clark voted with the majority, even though he did not concur in the opinion, in direct opposition to his previous advice.
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A stenographic record of this Politburo meeting has not been located. A number of historians, led by Robert Conquest, have adopted the argument first advanced by Boris Nicolaevsky in "The Letter of an Old Bolshevik" (1936), that a division existed in the Politburo between moderates and hard-liners. Stalin argued that Ryutin deserved the death penalty, because his "Appeal" could inspire its readers to acts of terrorism and a palace coup. A moderate bloc of Politburo members opposed Stalin, because they were unwilling to violate Lenin's stricture against the spilling of Bolshevik blood.
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These factors influence the price, along with economies of scale, as only a few thousand stenotype keyboards are sold each year. , student models, such as a Wave writer, sell for about US$1,500 and top-end models sell for approximately US$5,000. Machines that are 10 to 15 years old still resell for upwards of $350. The Open Steno ProjectType 225 Words per Minute with a Stenographic Keyboard (Video), Slashdot, Posted by Roblimo, August 12, 2014 has written free open-source software, including Plover, and has developed cheap open-source hardware for stenography.
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Additionally, in this period shorthand entered general usage. The earliest known Western shorthand system was that employed by the Greek historian Xenophon in the memoir of Socrates, and it was called notae socratae. In the late Roman Republic, the Tironian notes were developed possibly by Marcus Tullius Tiro, Cicero's amanuensis, in 63 BC to record information with fewer symbols; Tironian notes include a shorthand/syllabic alphabet notation different from the Latin minuscule hand and square and rustic capital letters. The notation was akin to modern stenographic writing systems.
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Cover of the pamphlet of stenographic proceedings of the 1877 "National Congress" which re-elected Philip Van Patten Secretary of the SLP. The headquarters city of the Socialist Labor Party moved several times in its early years and Philip Van Patten followed it. The 1st National Congress of the organization, held in Newark, New Jersey in December 1877, moved the NEC and party headquarters to Cincinnati, Ohio,Hillquit, History of Socialism in the United States, pg. 225. at the time the site of a large and active "Section" of the party.
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He could also write when necessary, as several articles from him in the "Stimmen aus Maria-Laach" prove. In his pamphlet "Das alte Lied: der Zweck heiligt die Mittel, im Texte verbessert und auf neue Melodie gesetzt", he declared he would give a thousand gulden to the person who could show to the faculty of law of Bonn or Heidelberg a book written by a Jesuit which taught the principle that the end justifies the means. The prize went unclaimed.Catholic Moral Teaching and Its Antagonists 4 Some of his sermons have also been preserved; they were printed against his will from stenographic notes.
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Ashley's ability to follow the proceedings of the House of Commons helped inspire the development of live captioning on television to benefit the deaf and hard-of-hearing. He had the ability to read the output from the stenographers who were reporting the debates. When Ashley visited the BBC's Ceefax department around 1975, this ability gave one of the staff the idea of commissioning a Southampton University doctoral student to develop a computer programme that would convert stenographic output to normal printed text as subtitles to television programmes. Later, Ashley also used the technique to follow parliamentary debates on a small monitor .
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Billy Rose began his career as a stenographic clerk to Bernard Baruch of the War Industries Board during World War I, and became head of the clerical staff. Later he became a lyricist. In this role, he is best known as the credited writer or co-writer of the lyrics to "Me and My Shadow," "Great Day" (with Edward Eliscu), "Does the Spearmint Lose Its Flavor on the Bedpost Overnight" (with Marty Bloom), "I Found a Million Dollar Baby" (with Mort Dixon) and "It's Only a Paper Moon" (with E. Y. Harburg). Most of Rose's lyrical credits were collaborations.
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Finally, a concordance is automatically generated by the stenographic system's software and included in the back of the booklet. Most court reporters can also provide a digital copy of the transcript in ASCII, RealLegal, and PDF formats. The court reporter keeps a copy of the documents provided to the deponent during the deposition for document identification questions, unless digital document and exhibit technology is employed, in which case the deponent and all parties receive the official exhibits in real time. Deponent has right to read and sign the deposition transcript before it is filed with the court.
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The ampersand should not be confused with the Tironian "et" , which has the same meaning, but which in appearance resembles the numeral . Both symbols have their roots in the classical antiquity, and both signs were used throughout the Middle Ages as a representation for the Latin word et ("and"). However, while the ampersand was in origin a common ligature in everyday script, the Tironian et was part of a highly specialised stenographic shorthand. The Tironian et (⁊) is found in Old Irish language script, a Latin-based script generally only used for decorative purposes today, where it signifies ("and") in Irish.
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1921/22, he published the first Indian films and programs designed to even the movie posters. Publicity was not alien to Painter's many talents – in 1921–22, he distributed programme booklets complete with photographs and film details. Baburao was a man of many talents – he wrote his own screenplays and he was also the first Indian filmmaker to adopt the method, Eisenstein had described as 'stenographic' – he sketched the costumes, movements, and characters. He changed the concept of set designing from painted curtains to solid multi- dimensional lived in spaces, he introduced artificial lighting and understood the importance of publicity.
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Khrushchev read from a prepared report, and no stenographic record of the closed session was kept.Medvedev and Medvedev, The Unknown Stalin, p. 103. No questions or debate followed Khrushchev's presentation and delegates left the hall in a state of acute disorientation. The same evening, the delegates of foreign communist parties were called to the Kremlin and given the opportunity to read the prepared text of the Khrushchev speech, which was treated as a top secret state document. On 1 March, the text of the Khrushchev speech was distributed in printed form to senior Central Committee functionaries.Medvedev and Medvedev, The Unknown Stalin, p. 103-104.
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Pitman Shorthand was introduced in 1837 with the release of the inventor's book, Stenographic Sound Hand. It reached Madras in 1886 when a commercial school run by the Pachaiyappa Charities began teaching the language. The Stenographers' Guild was formed fifty years later under the initiative of N. Subramania Iyer, a reporter at the Corporation of Madras, and S. Sivaramakrishna Iyer and P. Ramanuja Iyer, shorthand writers of the High Court of Madras, who convened a meeting in Panagal Park attended by about 40 shorthand writers from the Courts, Police, Government and newspapers. The Guild was inaugurated by C. Rajagopalachari, at the time Chief Minister of Madras, on September 26, 1937.
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Another son, Jean, was born in 1866: he also became a linguist and preceded his brother as Secretary of the IPA. Passy and Sageret also had a daughter called Marie Louise, whose husband Louis André Paulian was in charge of the Chamber of Deputies's stenographic bureau. On 17 February 1912, Mathilde Paulian, the 20-year-old daughter of Marie and Louis, climbed over the railings of the Eiffel Tower observation deck and fell to her death, apparently upset over the ill health of her grandfather (Passy) and sister. Alix, another daughter of Passy and Sageret, married Charles Mortet, an officer in the Legion of Honour.
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Historical 1965 ad of Stenotype Career A court reporter or court stenographer, formerly referred to as a stenotype operator, shorthand reporter, or law reporter, is a person whose occupation is to capture the live testimony in proceedings using a stenographic machine and transforming same into an official certified transcript by nature of their training, certification, and usually licensure. This can include courtroom hearings and trials, depositions, sworn statements, and more. Court reporting agencies primarily serve as production houses, and their clients include private law firms, sometimes local or state and federal government agencies, trade associations, meeting planners, and nonprofits.About court reporting and transcription companies.
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At the time, Wynn testified that a stenographic reporter named Bechtel came and the conversation was repeated and transcribed in the hospital room at which a doctor and nurse were also present. The detective further testified that he visited Walker two days later at the hospital, where Walker again made admissions. Officer Forbes, who had been seriously wounded by Walker, testified that on December 28, 1946, he talked with Walker at the hospital, and the petitioner made various admissions to him as well. Detective Wynn told the court that on December 30, 1946, he again visited Walker as he was being prepared for transfer from the hospital to jail.
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A Quick Quotes Quill is a stenographic tool, acid green in colour, employed by Rita Skeeter to spin the words of her subjects into a more salacious or melodramatic form. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Skeeter uses the quill to interview Harry about his participation in the Triwizard Tournament for her column in The Daily Prophet. Harry continually tries to alert her to the inaccuracy of the quill; however, she continually ignores him. Additionally, in Deathly Hallows, Rita mentions in her Daily Prophet interview concerning her posthumous biography of Dumbledore that her Quick Quotes Quill helped her to write the book so quickly after his death.
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Marxists argue that fascism represents the last attempt of a ruling class (specifically, the capitalist bourgeoisie) to preserve its grip on power in the face of an imminent proletarian revolution. Fascist movements are not necessarily created by the ruling class, but they can only gain political power with the help of that class and with funding from big business. Once in power, the fascists serve the interests of their benefactors.Georgi Dimitrov, "The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International," Main Report delivered at the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International - "The class character of fascism;" collected in VII Congress of the Communist International: Abridged Stenographic Report of Proceedings.
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It involved skeletal structures, arranged with foreshortened perspective, and the use of thin washes of color applied quickly, in a manner that came to be known as stenographic. Dufy's cheerful oils and watercolors depict events of the time period, including yachting scenes, sparkling views of the French Riviera, chic parties, and musical events. The optimistic, fashionably decorative, and illustrative nature of much of his work has meant that his output has been less highly valued critically than the works of artists who have addressed a wider range of social concerns. Dufy completed one of the largest paintings ever contemplated, a huge and immensely popular ode to electricity, the fresco La Fée Electricité for the 1937 Exposition Internationale in Paris.
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Edward Denison Easton (10 April 1856–30 April 1915) was the founder and president of the Columbia Phonograph Company. Under Easton's leadership, Columbia developed from one of many regional subsidiaries of the North American Phonograph Company to one of the United States' three major record companies (along with Edison Records and Victor Talking Machine Co.) in the early part of the 20th century. Easton began his career as a court reporter before earning a law degree from Georgetown University in 1889. It was in this environment of reporting and stenography that Easton became interested in the nascent graphophone, then being marketed by the American Graphophone Company (also based in Washington D.C.) as a stenographic aid.
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In the evening DePol attended night school, where he learned typing and shorthand, which were to prove useful for his later stenographic and secretarial positions in civilian and military life - the first of these through a company promotion into a special investments department. From an early age, guided by his love of art, DePol devoted himself in his spare time to becoming a self-taught artist. He would sketch the streets, landmark buildings and waterfront scenes of Manhattan, and scrutinized gallery windows, studying the etchings of various artists. Decades later he would recall how he was drawn to the masters: Although John DePol is known as a master of wood engraving, he also produced prints by etching with aquatint and drypoint, as well as lithography.
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"Georgi Dimitrov, "The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International," in VII Congress of the Communist International: Abridged Stenographic Report of Proceedings. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1939; pg. 126. With respect to its foreign policy, Dimitrov condemned fascism as "jingoism in its most brutal form, fomenting bestial hatred of other nations." In marked juxtaposition to the previous international communist line, which intentionally muddied the difference between "fascism" and "social fascism" in an effort to break common workers away from their social democratic political and trade union leadership, Dimitrov depicted the establishment of fascism as a definite break in the fundamental form of governance from "one state form of class domination of the bourgeoisie — bourgeois democracy — by another form — open terrorist dictatorship.
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Other writers, however, acquainted with other phonotypic and stenographic alphabets, ranged from neutral descriptions of the new alphabet to praise. Until this point, all the printed material (mostly just charts of the alphabet and its standard orthography equivalents) had been produced with large wooden type, which was not suitable for printing at small sizes. Because the alphabet was wholly unique, no font existed, so in 1857 the board of regents appointed Erastus Snow to procure metal type from St. Louis-based font foundry Ladew & Peer. However, in May 1857 the Utah War began, and Snow left St. Louis to support the Mormon pioneers. During the war, Ladew & Peer kept working on the type, and the punches and matrices were delivered in the winter of 1858.
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Is the stenographic record of the Parliament of the Republic of Azerbaijan reports that the elections will be hidden and Muslim Majlis-Məbusana the parliament members, in addition to the 44 people who are part of the National Council elected 36 new members. The proportion of members to be involved was as follows: From the Armenian minority population - 21 members: 8 from Ganja Armenian Population Committee, 8 from Shusha Armenian Population Committee, 5 from Baku Armenian Population Committee; \- from the Russian population from the Russian National Council in Baku - 10; \- Organizational-nationality of the German population - 1; \- Jewish National Council - 1; \- from the Georgian committee - 1; \- from the Polish Committee - 1; \- Baku Trade Union Council - 3; \- Jointly with Baku Soviet Congress and Trade and Industrial Societies - 2.
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One of the last books published in the Lucas system was Fifty Anecdotes on Various Subjects. In T. M. Lucas's Embossed Stenographic Characters, by Reverend J. W. Gowring and embossed by blind pupils at the London Society for Teaching the Blind to Read, published in 1867. A rare – perhaps the only surviving – example of embossing apparatus used for the Lucas system is held by the Science Museum, London. In 1871, the Lucas system was still in use in seven institutions for the blind, whereas Braille was only used in four; it was not until 1891 that the Royal London Society for Blind People discontinued the production of materials which used the Lucas system although they had ceased to teach the system in 1861.
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In terms of domestic data, the bibliographic survey used 1,500 published and unpublished source materials pertaining to the Jeju 4.3 Incident. The committee preceded to target organizations and institutions related to the Incident. Once these were chosen, the task force team gave weight to securing the data from government bodies such as the records of the police and military operations, which were directly involved in the suppression of the incident, minutes of Cabinet meetings, and trial rulings. Additionally, the committee attempted to discover and secure data from current magazines and newspapers, the stenographic records of the National Assembly, the laws, regulations and administrative orders of the US army military government in Korea, personnel orders, individual memoirs and the records from the armed guerrillas.
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In the conclusion of Six Days or Forever? Ginger wrote his book had two purposes: First, getting "the facts straight" in order to correct "many mistakes in previous accounts of the episodes," believing his book "comes much closer than do those accounts to telling what actually occurred." Second, Ginger "tried to view the Scopes trial in the broadest possible context" (242). Ginger's primary reference sources were the published stenographic transcript and Leslie H. Allen's edited 1925 version, Bryan and Darrow at Dayton: The Record and Documents of the 'Bible Evolution Trial', along with the scrapbook files on the case of the ACLU and Kirtley F. Mather, one of the scientists who went to Dayton to testify on behalf of the Scopes defense.
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This microphone will be connected > through an amplifier to a number of headsets which will be installed in an > adjoining quiet room. Each headset will terminate at an interpreter's booth > or position in the room. The interpreter's booth will be provided with an > ordinary telephone desk stand on which is mounted a high quality close > talking microphone which will be connected through another amplifier to a > number of head set located at a designated section of the auditorium or > meeting hall. The translated speech of each interpreter would follow > simultaneously with the delivery of the original speech, the only delay > being that of recording the speech and the ability of the interpreter to > translate directly and rapidly from the stenographic notes received from the > recorder.
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John Saltmarsh in his intellectual biography of Scott Nearing has "1922" listed as the last date of Nearing's party membership in the SPA (p. 2). Archival documents of the Communist Party housed by the Comintern in Moscow [RGASPI, fond 515, opis 1] indicate Nearing was a member of the SPA until the last day of 1923, however. He was clearly still lecturing at the Rand School in that year (see, for example, Nearing's "What Can the Radical Do?" the stenographic report of one of Nearing's Rand School lectured, published in the Sunday magazine section of the New York Call, an SP-affiliated daily on February 4, 1923. The dramatic decline of the size and strength of the Socialist Party in the first years of the 1920s took a toll on Nearing.
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On May 17, 2002a date chosen symbolically as "17.5"the Bundestag passed a supplement to the Act of Abolition of National Socialism (NS-Aufhebungsgesetzes). Entwurf des Änderungsgesetzes zum NS-Aufhebungsgesetz - Bundestagdrucksache 14/8276 (archived) By this supplement to the act, Nazi-era convictions of homosexuals and deserters from the Wehrmacht were annulled. The right-conservative CSU- politician Norbert Geis called this general amnesty a "dishonor" referring, however, only to the defectors of the Wehrmacht, not to homosexuals. Stenographic report of the Bundestag, 14th legislative period, 237th sitting (2002-05-17), page 23741 (C) Louder criticism came from the lesbian and gay movement, because the Bundestag left post-1945 judgments untouched, although the legal basis from the end of the war to 1969 was the same as in the Nazi era.
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Spargo's opposition to the resolution was based upon the principle of state autonomy of local parties rather than upon internationalism and the social equality of the races: > Comrades, I ask you to vote that we are a party of the working class, that > it is the economic interest of the working class which must guide our party, > that we leave it to the states themselves to decide if they have an Asiatic > problem. They can decide it upon the basis of local state autonomy, and, > above all, I ask that you recognize that the immigration problem is a big > problem, a complex problem...John M. Work (ed.), National Convention of the > Socialist Party, Held at Chicago, Illinois, May 10 to 17, 1908: Stenographic > Report. Chicago: The Socialist Party, [1908]; pg. 122.
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The comparison was later expanded to creative forms of Latin cantors, such as meloform tropes and organa. In comparison with Byzantine psaltes who always used notation in a more or less stenographic way, the exact patterns used during the so-called "thesis of the melos" belonged to the oral tradition of a local school, its own modal system and its genre. But already the question of chant genre was connected with local traditions in medieval times and the point of reference for the psaltes who performed a certain genre: the Hagiopolitan octoechos and its genres (the odes according to the models of the heirmologion, the troparia of the octoechos or tropologion), or the Constantinopolitan cathedral rite (akolouthia asmatike) and its books asmatikon, psaltikon, and kontakarion might serve here as examples.
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The forthcoming trial of the PSR leadership was inserted as a substantial issue in these negotiations, with representatives of the Second International, a delegation headed by Émile Vandervelde and Ramsay MacDonald, demanding the guarantee of the defendants to a competent independent defense and the right of the Internationals to directly supervise the trial.Jansen, A Show Trial Under Lenin, pp. 37-38. On behalf of the Bolsheviks, chief negotiator Karl Radek refused the demand for external supervisory authority, but agreed in principle with the suggestion that Vandervelde serve as a counsel for the defense and further guaranteed that representatives of the Second and Vienna Internationals should have the right to attend the trial, study documents of the case, and take stenographic report of the proceedings.Jansen, A Show Trial Under Lenin, p. 38.
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Since the evolution of the Coislin system also aimed a reduction of signs in order to define the interval value by less signs in order to avoid a confusion with an earlier habit to use them, it was favoured in comparison with the more complex and stenographic Chartres notation by later scribes during the late 12th century. The standard round notation (also known as Middle Byzantine notation) combined signs of both Old Byzantine notation systems during the 13th century. Concerning the repertoire of unique compositions (stichera idiomela) and models of canon poetry (heirmoi), scribes increased their number between the 12th and 13th century. The Middle Byzantine redaction of the 14th century reduced this number within a standard repertoire and tried to unify the many variants, sometimes offering only a second variant notated in red ink.
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A 104-key USB keyboard adapted into a chording keyboard. All phonetic keystrokes may be accomplished by one and two-key chords of the home keys on the top row. Four open source keyer/keyset designs are available: The pickey, a PS/2 device based on the PIC microcontroller; the spiffchorder, a USB device based on the Atmel AVR family of microcontrollers; the FeatherChorder, a BLE chorder based on the Adafruit Feather, an all in one board incorporating an Arduino- compatible microcontroller; and the GKOS keypad driver for Linux as well as the Gkos library for the Atmel/Arduino open source board. Plover is a free, open-source, cross-platform program intended to bring realtime stenographic technology not just to stenographers, but also to hobbyists using anything from professional Stenotype machines to low-cost NKRO gaming keyboards.
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Even so, these two men were invited to preach at subsequent camp meetings, worker's meetings, and ministerial institutes over the next several years. E.J. Waggoner wrote extensively on the subject of Christ and His righteousness, developing the stenographic notes made by his wife during the 1888 conference into a book with that title. A.T. Jones would be a principal speaker at the next several General Conference sessions, and would write an exposition on the work of Christ as our High Priest relating to the perfection of Christian character, titled Consecrated Way to Christian Perfection (1901). Ellen White supported Waggoner's and Jones' Christ centered view on justification by faith and their refutation of Arianism, and later wrote that she had been teaching for "forty-five years" this same message as Jones and Waggoner had presented it at that sessionManuscript Releases, vol.
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Only a small percentage of court reporting students per year are able to reach this lofty goal, but with NCRA's "A to Z Steno" program and virtual classrooms around the country, the number of stenographic court reporters is on the rise. The training with voice writing equipment or stenomask requires the person to pass dictation speed tests of up to 225 words a minute in the United States, as set forth by the National Verbatim Reporters Association (NVRA). A voice writer dictates the proceedings into a stenomask connected to a computer, and using voice recognition software, voice writers are able to create realtime transcripts, which means that a transcript is being created on the spot by the voice writer. Many voice writers offer their services as CART (Communication Access Realtime Translation) providers to deaf individuals or individuals with hearing deficiencies.
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Location of Alexander Island in the Antarctic Peninsula region Satellite image of Alexander Island Galabov Ridge (, ‘Galabov Rid’ \'g&-l&-bov 'rid\\) is the mostly ice-covered ridge extending 2.5 km in north-northeast to south- southwest direction, 1.4 km wide and rising to 1100 m just southwest of Boyn Ridge in Havre Mountains, northern Alexander Island in Antarctica. It surmounts Bongrain Ice Piedmont to the northwest and Lennon Glacier to the south. The vicinity was visited on 4 January 1988 by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey). The feature was named after Teodor Galabov (1870-1925), head of the Stenographic Office at the National Assembly that developed an early ergonomic keyboard in 1907, adopted as the standard Bulgarian keyboard.
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In the event a witness is unavailable for trial (usually because they are deceased, seriously ill, or live hundreds of miles away), their deposition may be read or played before the jury and made part of the record in the case, with the same legal force as live testimony. In some states, stenographic, audio, or video records of depositions can be offered into evidence even if the witness is available. Deposition of the opposite party is often used to produce self- incriminating statements from the deponent, also document identification questions can make exhibits admissible for hearings and summary judgment motions. Sometimes, after a number of witnesses have been deposed, the parties will have enough information that they can reasonably predict the outcome of a prospective trial, and may decide to arrive at a compromise settlement, thus avoiding trial and preventing additional costs of litigation.
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Barbara Wall, 'Congreve, Henry John (Harry) (1829–1918)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, published first in hardcopy 2005, accessed online 14 January 2015 After leaving school, Evans found employment with Fanning & Co., then at the age of 16 joined The Advertiser, where he was noted for his stenographic skills and the speed and clarity of his longhand writing, while his energy, good humour and organising ability earned for him leadership of the literary staff. In 1888, as a result of a tour made with Frank Johnson, Minister of Education, to the Northern Territory, he produced an interesting series of articles for his paper. But he craved an outlet for his independent thought and writing, and with A. T. Chandler (also ex-Advertiser), James Hutchison, Harry Craker, and A. W. Gresswell Smith, founded Quiz, a weekly humorous and satirical publication. Five years later, when Chandler left the partnership, Evans continued as sole editor.
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According to an article by The Spectator, Rauschning had taken immediate "notes made by him at the time" during his years with Hitler, which have been considered "not a mere transcript of the notes, but an attempt to reconstruct the conversations noted." R. C. K. Ensor, "Hitler Behind the Scenes," The Spectator, December 15, 1939 Although Rauschning had written his book more than six years after his conversations with Hitler, German historian Theodor Schieder remarked that it— > ...is not a document in which one can expect to find... stenographic records > of sentences or aphorisms spoken by Hitler, despite the fact that it might > appear to meet that standard. It is a [work] in which objective and > subjective components are mixed and in which alterations in the author's > opinions about what he recounts become mingled with what he recounts. It is, > however, a [source] of unquestioned value, since it contains views derived > from immediate experience.
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Petitioners filed a motion in the trial court asking that in view of their inability to pay, a certified copy of the record, necessary for a complete bill of exceptions as required by Illinois law for a full appellate review, was to be furnished them without cost. Immediately after their conviction, they filed a motion in the trial court, asking that a certified copy of the entire record, including a stenographic transcript of the proceedings, be furnished them without cost. They alleged that they were "poor persons with no means of paying the necessary fees to acquire the Transcript and Court Records needed to prosecute an appeal...." They alleged that they were without funds to pay for such documents and that failure of the court to provide them would violate the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. The factual allegations were not denied; nevertheless, the trial court denied the motion without a hearing.
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In 1880 Phelps was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Vermont. Democrats were a perpetual minority in Vermont, and lost every statewide election from the 1850s to the 1960s. 1880 was no exception, and Phelps was excoriated as an unrepentant Copperhead: > Had he maintained his resolution to accept no political nomination, the > memory of his attitude during the memory of his attitude from 1860 to 1865 > might have quite died; but the Democratic nomination and his speech of > acceptance, in which, with surprising want of tact, he aired afresh his old > hatred of the African and attacked the Southern Republicans, white and > black, with a virulence which few Southern Democrats could equal … have > brought it into strong prominence. Still stronger light has been thrown on > it by the publication of a careful stenographic report of a speech made by > Mr. Phelps in September, 1864, before a little club of Copperheads in > Burlington.
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Lucas Type, a British tactile alphabet system introduced by Thomas Lucas in 1838 and used to teach blind people, especially children, to read Around 1830–1832, Lucas developed his so-called Lucas system (or Lucas type), a form of embossed text or tactile alphabet system using a sort of "stenographic shorthand" with arbitrarily chosen symbols; some strokes had a dot on the end and others did not. The Lucas system signs for different characters appeared simple in outline but in practice could be confusing as similar signs were used in many positions. Consequently, it was not widely used. The Lucas system was one of the first shorthand systems for the blind to be invented and was in use before Braille had been introduced to the UK. Sometime between 1830 and 1832, Lucas set up a small, free school for blind children at Old Market Street, Bristol, where he taught shorthand and English grammar to blind children.
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This however was refuted in court by Vukašin Jokanović who was the president of the Kosovo Assembly at the time during the trial. He provided the court with a video recording of the vote along with the stenographic notes of the assembly session which clearly showed the assembly members voting in favour of the constitutional amendments by the required majority. The following year, a new Serbian Constitution was enacted that drastically reduced the powers of the autonomous provinces, reserving many formerly autonomous rights to the central authorities in Belgrade. It also changed back the name of Kosovo from the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo to the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, returning the province to the status predating the 1970s and using the Serbian name for the western part of the region. The 1990 constitution was strongly resisted by Kosovo's Albanians, who set up a "shadow" government to parallel the official Serb-dominated establishment.
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Under the Jencks Act, a "statement" of a prosecution witness is: # A written statement made by the witness and signed or otherwise adopted or approved by him; # A stenographic, mechanical, electrical or other recording, or a transcription of it, which is substantially verbatim recital of an oral statement made by the witness to an agent of the Government and recorded contemporaneously with the making of such oral statement; or # A statement, however taken or recorded, or a transcription of it in any made by the witness to a grand jury.18 U.S.C.S. section 3500(e). If the United States elects not to comply with an order of the court to deliver to the defendant a statement or portion of it as the court may direct, the court shall strike from the record the testimony of the witness, and the trial shall proceed unless the court in its discretion shall determine that the interests of justice require that a mistrial be declared.18 U.S.C.S. section 3500(d).
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The Senate and the Assembly could, for the first time, give a response to the Emperor's program, ministers were obliged to defend their programs before the Assembly, and the right of Deputies to amend the programs was enlarged. On 1 February 1861, further reforms were announced: Deputies could speak from the tribune, not just from their seats, and a stenographic record would be made and published of each session. Another even more important reform was announced on 31 December 1861: the budget of each ministry would be voted section by section, not in a block, and the government could no longer spend money by special decree when the legislature was not in session. He did retain the right to change the budget estimates section by section. The Deputies quickly took advantage of their new rights; the Emperor's Italian policy was bitterly condemned in Parliament, and anti-government amendments by the pro-Catholic deputies were defeated by votes of 158 to 91 in the Corps législatif and 79 to 61 in the Senate.
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