This year, Eduardo Julian introduced us to his unapologetically ambitious Lux programming language, a functional, statically-typed Lisp.
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The problem, or the good news, is we don't have enough female offenders for a statically significant sample.
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You can freeze columns in Excel with a few clicks, and then unfreeze them when you no longer need to view them statically.
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As Wotan tells Brünnhilde the whole sorry story of how he came to this crisis point, the music unfolds slowly, quietly, almost statically.
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In the gallery, the PhoeniX is displayed statically, without its seemingly vital components: the forearm crutches, as well as Sanchez or any user.
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The court has an opportunity to clarify the scope of the Stored Communications Act with respect to data stored "statically" outside the United States.
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Viewed together, the lines simulate the hands of a clock, each screen representing an hour of time, statically rotating its way across the installation.
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Instead of the carousel-like multitasking menu that lets you quickly glide through your open apps, EMUI statically displays four app windows at a time.
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You're constantly moving in Gyrotonic, so nothing is held statically, explains Susan Gaines, a certified Gyrotonic instructor and founder of Embody Movement Studio in Minneapolis.
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Google today announced that it is making Kotlin, a statically typed programming language for the Java Virtual Machine, a first-class language for writing Android apps.
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Kotlin as a language has a lot of similarities to Java in structure — it's object oriented and statically typed, and designed for similar problems Java solves.
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In just over seven minutes, DiMeo puts you in her position, preparing to go out into the night, and brings a period room that's now statically preserved to life.
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The dancers, who seldom tilt from an upright posture and never touch one another, are points in space, dots to be connected, statically holding the design as others shift.
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One common type of coincidence is to see someone we know, but according to Mazur, it's statically likely that this will happen a lot because we all know so many people.
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He then followed up with two more tweets saying, would love to send the New York City terrorist to Gitmo, but statically that process, takes much longer to go in the federal system.
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When researchers looked at the effect of increasing dietary magnesium by 100 milligrams a day, they didn't find a statically meaningful impact on the total risk of cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease.
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"I suspect there are colleagues who are contemplating at least maybe a statically large balance sheet is just going to be a fact of life and be central to the toolkit," he said.
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However, they're not as statically regal as when they debuted in November of 1916; now they are spinning slowly on an over 24-foot-tall pedestal, colored the same low blue as the steel on the bridge.
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No matter how pleasant the shopping experience was or how nice the checkout person, the last thing you'll hear before exiting the store is that grating noise—a sound that, statically speaking, affects your subconscious as negatively as nails on a chalkboard.
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PwC - one of the world's top four accounting firms - said that while BAME and non-BAME workers are paid equally for equivalent roles, its BAME employees were statically paid less because more of them worked in junior or administrative roles, rather than senior positions.
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"We found that by increasing the total dietary protein intake, there was a statically significant increase in the incidence of heart failure," said Dr. Mohamad Barbour, an internist at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island and lead author of the study.
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"In a changing world, raising your child to think they must be statically happy is not helpful," said Ferrara, author of "Parenting 2.0: Think in the Future, Act in the Now," a guidebook for parents with step-by-step advice on how to strengthen their relationships with their children.
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Phase two will see the addition of five new automated presses featuring "heat control and a lot of safety features that weren't in the old machines," which will knock the unit production up to 11 million records and statically make the Burlington location the second largest plant in North America.
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In these environments using high bandwidth virtual compliance, made possible by low impedance actuators, will allow the robot's legs to actively conform to the terrain producing a more efficient and swift mode of locomotion as compared to a statically stable crawling gait which requires accurate terrain mapping and explicit foot step planning.
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Using an early Xerox machine required placing an original under a glass pane, reflecting light off it onto a statically charged photosensitive plate, using the charged plate to draw toner from a tray, transferring the toned image to plain paper, and then melting the toner into the paper in a miniature electric oven.
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There are two ways websites are generated: statically or dynamically.
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In object-oriented programming, the virtual method tables of classes are usually allocated statically. A statically defined value can also be global in its scope ensuring the same immutable value is used throughout a run for consistency.
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Most concatenative languages are dynamically typed. Exceptions include the statically typed Cat language.
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For example, C# distinguishes between statically-typed and dynamically-typed variables. Uses of the former are checked statically, whereas uses of the latter are checked dynamically. Other languages allow writing code that is not type-safe; for example, in C, programmers can freely cast a value between any two types that have the same size, effectively subverting the type concept. For a list of languages with static type checking, see the category for statically typed languages.
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A static build is a compiled version of a program which has been statically linked against libraries.
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This technique is often used to prevent SQL injection attacks. Taint checking can be done statically or dynamically.
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Vulnerability to Heartbleed is resolved by updating OpenSSL to a patched version (1.0.1g or later). OpenSSL can be used either as a standalone program, a dynamic shared object, or a statically-linked library; therefore, the updating process can require restarting processes loaded with a vulnerable version of OpenSSL as well as re-linking programs and libraries that linked it statically. In practice this means updating packages that link OpenSSL statically, and restarting running programs to remove the in-memory copy of the old, vulnerable OpenSSL code.
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The fixed end moments are reaction moments developed in a beam member under certain load conditions with both ends fixed. A beam with both ends fixed is statically indeterminate to the 2nd degree, and any structural analysis method applicable on statically indeterminate beams can be used to calculate the fixed end moments.
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If a system is made up of b bars, j pin joints and r support reactions, then it cannot be statically determinate if the following relationship does not hold: r + b = 2j Even if this relationship does hold, a structure can be arranged in such a way as to be statically indeterminate.
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This gives programmers much of the convenience of a dynamic language, with the type safety of a statically typed language.
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Since the strengthened structure is statically indetermined, the unknown force in the truss column is calculated from a deflection equation.
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After withdrawal, E.326.004 was thoroughly repaired and repainted, and is currently statically preserved in the Pietrarsa railway museum, near Naples.
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It only makes sense on systems whose devices are statically assigned major numbers (e.g. by means of hardcoding it in their kernel module).
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The plain, statically balanced ailerons have steel spars with spruce ribs and trailing edges ; they are fabric covered and carry ground adjustable trim tabs. The tail unit is a fabric covered steel tube structure, wire braced and with swept, straight tapered surfaces. Like the ailerons, all the rear control surfaces are statically balanced. The rudder has a ground adjustable trim tab.
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REL plan to demonstrate a flight-ready pre-cooler operating under simulated flight conditions in 2018, and statically test a demonstration engine core in 2020.
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The biggest concern with a ballbot is its safety in case of a system failure. There have been several attempts in addressing this concern. The CMU Ballbot introduced three retractable landing legs that allow the robot to remain standing (statically- stable) after being powered down. It is also capable of automatically transitioning from this statically-stable state to the dynamically-stable, balancing state and vice versa.
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The SPARK programming language is a subset of Ada eliminating all its potential ambiguities and insecurities while at the same time adding statically checked contracts to the language features available. SPARK avoids the issues with dangling pointers by disallowing allocation at run time entirely. Ada2012 adds statically checked contracts to the language itself (in form of pre-, and post-conditions, as well as type invariants).
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In 1971, Knuth published a relatively straightforward dynamic programming algorithm capable of constructing the statically optimal tree in only O(n2) time. Knuth's primary insight was that the static optimality problem exhibits optimal substructure; that is, if a certain tree is statically optimal for a given probability distribution, then its left and right subtrees must also be statically optimal for their appropriate subsets of the distribution. To see this, consider what Knuth calls the "weighted path length" of a tree. The weighted path length of a tree on n elements is the sum of the lengths of all 2n+1 possible search paths, weighted by their respective probabilities.
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Therefore, the beam is statically indeterminate and we will have to find the bending moments in segments of the beam as functions of Ra and Mc.
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The differing properties of statically and dynamically typed languages have motivated the design of Parrot. Current popular virtual machines such as the Java virtual machine and the Common Language Runtime, for the .NET platform, have been designed for statically typed languages, while the languages targeted by Parrot are dynamically typed. Virtual machines such as the Java virtual machine and the current Perl 5 virtual machine are also stack based.
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A simple solution to DLL Hell in an application is to statically link all the libraries, i.e. to include the library version required in the program, instead of picking up a system library with a specified name. This is common in C/C++ applications, where, instead of having to worry about which version of `MFC42.DLL` is installed, the application is compiled to be statically linked against the same libraries.
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D is a statically compiled language and therefore does not include an "`eval`" statement in the traditional sense, but does include the related "`mixin`" statement. The difference is that, where "`eval`" interprets a string as code at runtime, with a "`mixin`" the string is statically compiled like ordinary code and must be known at compile time. For example: import std.stdio; void main() { int num = 0; mixin("num++;"); writeln(num); // Prints 1.
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These variables (depending on the variable, the version and flavor of BSD) need to either be set statically in the kernel at compile time or set in `/boot/loader.conf`.
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Sometimes there is not enough information about the forces acting on a body to determine if it is in equilibrium or not. This makes it a statically indeterminate system.
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As computing and storage facilities advanced, the ability to generate large EXE files was added to Turbo Pascal, with the ability to statically link and collectively load separately compiled objects.
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The SDF domain is a data driven, statically scheduled domain in MLDesigner. It is used to model time discrete systems, as for example digital signal processing, general or special purpose processors. In this domain model elements exchange synchronously a fixed quantity of data elements, so called particles. "Statically scheduled" means that the firing order of the primitives is determined once during the start up phase on the basis of fixed generating and consuming rates of the data elements.
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Using the Cajo Project, ordinary unmodified Java objects, can be remote using a single line of code: :Itemserver.bind(someObject, "someName") These can then be used by remote machines either statically, or dynamically.
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Programs are statically compiled into machine code by use of Rake as its build and execution tool.Exclusive: building native iOS apps with RubyMotion. ArsTechnica.com. Published 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2012-06-16.
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The term has also been used in a narrower sense, to refer to the statically tethered balloon in contrast to the free-flying airship. This article uses the term in its broader sense.
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Like other conventional capacitors, electrolytic capacitors store the electric energy statically by charge separation in an electric field in the dielectric oxide layer between two electrodes. The non-solid or solid electrolyte in principle is the cathode, which thus forms the second electrode of the capacitor. This and the storage principle distinguish them from electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors, in which the electrolyte generally is the ionic conductive connection between two electrodes and the storage occurs with statically double-layer capacitance and electrochemical pseudocapacitance.
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Electro later learned that he can electro-statically disrupt Spider-Man's wall-crawling ability.Spectacular Spider-Man #134. Marvel Comics. Chameleon and Hammerhead then sent the Shocker to try to recruit Electro into their organization.
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By running `grunt deploy`, the Amber project is packaged using RequireJS into just a few files, at the minimum just `index.html` and `the.js`. You can host those statically as any other static web page.
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Historically, mobile robots have been designed to be statically stable, which results in the robot not needing to expend energy while standing still. This is typically achieved through the use of three or more wheels on a base. In order to avoid tipping, these statically-stable mobile robots have a wide base for a large polygon of support, and a lot of dead weight in the base to lower the center of gravity. They also tend to have low acceleration or deceleration to avoid tipping.
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A structural engineer must understand the internal and external forces of a structural system consisting of structural elements and nodes at their intersections. A statically determinate structure can be fully analysed using only consideration of equilibrium, from Newton's Laws of Motion. A statically indeterminate structure has more unknowns than equilibrium considerations can supply equations for (see simultaneous equations). Such a system can be solved using consideration of equations of compatibility between geometry and deflections in addition to equilibrium equations, or by using virtual work.
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Alternatively and equivalently, in this case every equilibrium load on the framework may be resolved by a stress that generates an equal and opposite set of forces, and the framework is said to be statically rigid.
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Statically checking prototype-based languages can be difficult, because these languages often allow objects to be dynamically extended with new behavior, and even to have their parent object (from which they inherit) changed, at run time.
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A single octet can thus hold up to 256 different combinations of up to 8 different conditions, in the most compact form. Array accesses with statically predictable access patterns are a major source of data parallelism.
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Shawn Powers. "Casper, the Friendly (and Persistent) Ghost". Linux Journal. 2012. Depending on which algorithms were compiled statically into it, the kernel can unpack initrd/initramfs images compressed with gzip, bzip2, LZMA, XZ, LZO, and LZ4.
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Wragg, D.; Historical dictionary of aviation, History Press (2008). More recently, the US Government Accountability Office has used the term "aerostat" in a different sense, to distinguish the statically tethered balloon from the free-flying airship.
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Cloroutine is a third-party library providing support for stackless coroutines in Clojure. It's implemented as a macro, statically splitting an arbitrary code block on arbitrary var calls and emitting the coroutine as a stateful function.
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Typically commands call downwards, i.e., from application components to those closer to the hardware, while events call upwards. Certain primitive events are bound to hardware interrupts. Components are statically linked to each other via their interfaces.
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In C++03, a class or struct must follow a number of rules for it to be considered a plain old data (POD) type. Types that fit this definition produce object layouts that are compatible with C, and they could also be initialized statically. The C++03 standard has restrictions on what types are compatible with C or can be statically initialized despite there being no technical reason a compiler couldn't accept the program; if someone were to create a C++03 POD type and add a non-virtual member function, this type would no longer be a POD type, could not be statically initialized, and would be incompatible with C despite no change to the memory layout. C++11 relaxed several of the POD rules, by dividing the POD concept into two separate concepts: trivial and standard-layout.
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A magnetic particle clutch can be used effectively as a torque limiter. The torque setting fairly approximates a linear relationship with the current passing through the windings, which can be statically or dynamically set depending on needs.
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Rocket engines are usually statically tested at a test facility before being put into production. For high altitude engines, either a shorter nozzle must be used, or the rocket must be tested in a large vacuum chamber.
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In object-oriented programming, there is also the concept of a static member variable, which is a "class variable" of a statically defined class, i.e., a member variable of a given class which is shared across all instances (objects), and is accessible as a member variable of these objects. A class variable of a dynamically defined class, in languages where classes can be defined at run time, is allocated when the class is defined and is not static. Object constants known at compile-time, such as string literals, are usually allocated statically.
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The placement of steel reinforcing bars (rebars) can be very difficult and the forming/placement of the concrete is complicated. Furthermore, rigid frames are statically indeterminate and the analysis is more challenging than that of simply supported structures.
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Alternatively, positive angle of attack must generate positive yawing moment on a statically stable missile, i.e. N_\beta must be positive. It is common practice to design manoeuvrable missiles with near zero static margin (i.e. neutral static stability).
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C# and Java are similar languages that are typed statically, strongly, and manifestly. Both are object-oriented, and designed with semi-interpretation or runtime just-in-time compilation, and both are curly brace languages, like C and C++.
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In some statically typed languages such as C# and Boo,Boo: Duck Typing class type checking can be specified to occur at run time rather than compile time. Duck typing can be achieved in Java using the MethodHandle API.
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In database systems such as DBToaster, views are defined with relational algebra. Incremental view maintenance statically analyzes relational algebra to create update rules that quickly maintain the view in the presence of small updates, such as insertion of a row.
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In 1948 JGR built 5 Class E10 tank steam locomotives for the purpose of supplementing the aging Class 4110(0-10-0) in Itaya Pass on the Ou Main Line for a short time until electrification. E10 2 is statically stored.
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Historically there are several clinical and pathologic features that have been statically associated with metastasis.Augsburger, J.J. and J.W. Gamel, Cancer, 1990. 66(7): p. 1596-600.McLean, I.W., K.S. Keefe, and M.N. Burnier, Ophthalmology, 1997. 104(5): p. 777-80.
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EF10 35 preserved at the Kyushu Railway Museum in January 2007 EF10 35 was preserved in a park in Moji-ku, Kitakyushu before being restored and moved to the newly opened Kyushu Railway History Museum in 2003, where it is preserved statically.
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Balance weights are installed opposite the parts causing the out- of-balance. The only available plane for these weights is in the wheel itself which results in an out-of-balance couple on the wheel/axle assembly. The wheel is statically balanced only.
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The two existing S.6s were re-designated as S.6As with new floats, added cooling areas and statically-balanced control surfaces. All four S.6s were brought up to a similar standard with nine Rolls-Royce R engines shared between them.Green 1967, p. 746.
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For instance, mixing proprietary code and open-source licensed code in statically linked libraries or compiling all source code together in a software product might violate open-source licenses, while keeping them separated by interfaces and dynamic-link libraries might often adhere to license conform.
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Hardy Cross (1885 – 1959) was an American structural engineer and the developer of the moment distribution method for structural analysis of statically indeterminate structures. The method was in general use from c. 1935 until c. 1960 when it was gradually superseded by other methods.
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VLAN membership can be established either statically or dynamically. Static VLANs are also referred to as port-based VLANs. Static VLAN assignments are created by assigning ports to a VLAN. As a device enters the network, the device automatically assumes the VLAN of the port.
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In the beam construction on the right, the four unknown reactions are VA, VB, VC, and HA. The equilibrium equations are: : Σ V = 0: ::VA − Fv \+ VB \+ VC = 0 : Σ H = 0: ::HA = 0 : Σ MA = 0: :: Fv ⋅ a − VB ⋅ (a + b) − VC ⋅ (a + b + c) = 0. Since there are four unknown forces (or variables) (VA, VB, VC and HA) but only three equilibrium equations, this system of simultaneous equations does not have a unique solution. The structure is therefore classified as statically indeterminate. To solve statically indeterminate systems (determine the various moment and force reactions within it), one considers the material properties and compatibility in deformations.
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Pike is an interpreted, general-purpose, high-level, cross-platform, dynamic programming language, with a syntax similar to that of C. Unlike many other dynamic languages, Pike is both statically and dynamically typed, and requires explicit type definitions. It features a flexible type system that allows the rapid development and flexible code of dynamically typed languages, while still providing some of the benefits of a statically typed language. Pike features garbage collection, advanced data types, and first-class anonymous functions, with support for many programming paradigms, including object- oriented, functional and imperative programming. Pike is free software, released under the GPL, LGPL and MPL licenses.
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In languages where objects are dynamically allocated, as in Java or Python, factories are semantically equivalent to constructors. However, in languages such as C++ that allow some objects to be statically allocated, factories are different from constructors for statically allocated classes, as the latter can have memory allocation determined at compile time, while allocation of the return values of factories must be determined at run time. If a constructor can be passed as an argument to a function, then invocation of the constructor and allocation of the return value must be done dynamically at run time, and thus have similar or identical semantics to invoking a factory.
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TI-BASIC is strongly and mostly statically typed. Most variables, besides lists and programs, have predefined names and allowed types. Each variable can usually only hold one data type, the exceptions are the numeric and all list variables which can hold either real or complex values.
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Some compilers, like the GNU Compiler Collection, will statically check the format strings of printf-like functions and warn about problems (when using the flags or ). GCC will also warn about user- defined printf-style functions if the non-standard "format" is applied to the function.
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Pict is a statically typed programming language, one of the very few based on the π-calculus. Work on the language began at the University of Edinburgh in 1992, and development has been more or less dormant since 1998. The language is still at an experimental stage.
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Xtend is statically typed and uses Java's type system without modifications. It is compiled to Java code and thereby seamlessly integrates with all existing Java libraries. The language Xtend and its IDE is developed as a project at Eclipse.org and participates in the annual Eclipse release train.
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The forked rod carries a nickel-steel bearing block which accommodates steel-backed lead-bronze-alloy bearing shells. The "small-end" of each rod houses a floating phosphor bronze bush. ;Crankshaft :One-piece, machined from a nitrogen-hardened nickel-chrome molybdenum steel forging. Statically and dynamically balanced.
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There are no OS-related vulnerabilities, and each application only contains the necessary (minimal) functionality. There is no privileged mode in a BMC system since applications only run in user mode. Also, application code is statically compiled-there is no means to dynamically alter BMC program flow during execution.
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It has powerful abstraction mechanisms to support identification of objects, classification and composition. BETA is a statically typed language like Simula, Eiffel and C++, with most type checking done at compile- time. BETA aims to achieve an optimal balance between compile-time type checking and run-time type checking.
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The load step becomes a separate instruction, and that instruction is statically scheduled much earlier in the code sequence. The compiler puts independent steps in between. Scheduling memory accesses requires explicit, spare registers. It is not possible on stack machines without exposing some aspect of the micro- architecture to the programmer.
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The dependency on XPCOM led to certain dynamic linking issues (e.g. the fragile base class problem) which had to be solved before the plugin would work correctly with different browsers. XPCOM has since been changed to supply a statically linked version to address such issues. This approach also requires an .
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In its simplest implementation, nodes all broadcast, originally on the 2.0.0.0/8 networks. Addressing is typically fixed per node, often locked to the MAC Address and an "OEM" code allocated to the manufacturer, and jumper settings. Networks can use DHCP or statically configured IP addresses, and use unicast packets for greater network efficiency.
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Image cytometry is the oldest form of cytometry. Image cytometers operate by statically imaging a large number of cells using optical microscopy. Prior to analysis, cells are commonly stained to enhance contrast or to detect specific molecules by labeling these with fluorochromes. Traditionally, cells are viewed within a hemocytometer to aid manual counting.
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Groovy supports closures, multiline strings, and expressions embedded in strings. Much of Groovy's power lies in its AST transformations, triggered through annotations. Groovy 1.0 was released on January 2, 2007, and Groovy 2.0 in July, 2012. Since version 2, Groovy can be compiled statically, offering type inference and performance near that of Java.
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Not surprisingly, metadata sharing processes yearn to be automated. Every metadata file that is statically configured into the SAML application by an administrator incurs technical debt. The accumulation of this debt prevents the SAML deployment from scaling to its potential. To avoid excessive technical debt, the metadata sharing process must be automated.
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Also, a new statically typed language called the Extempore Language has been integrated to the system. This language is syntactically Scheme-like, but semantically closer to C, and is designed for real-time sound synthesis and other computationally heavy tasks. It provides type inference and is compiled to machine language by LLVM.
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In statics and structural mechanics, a structure is statically indeterminate (or hyperstatic) when the static equilibrium equations (force and moment equilibrium conditions) are insufficient for determining the internal forces and reactions on that structure. Based on Newton's laws of motion, the equilibrium equations available for a two-dimensional body are: : \sum \vec F = 0 : the vectorial sum of the forces acting on the body equals zero. This translates to: :: \sum \vec H = 0 : the sum of the horizontal components of the forces equals zero; :: \sum \vec V = 0 : the sum of the vertical components of forces equals zero; : \sum \vec M = 0 : the sum of the moments (about an arbitrary point) of all forces equals zero. Free body diagram of a statically indeterminate beam.
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In some languages, class variables and class methods are either statically resolved, not via dynamic dispatch, or their memory statically allocated at compile time (once for the entire class, as static variables), not dynamically allocated at run time (at every instantiation of an object). In other cases, however, either or both of these are dynamic. For example, if classes can be dynamically defined (at run time), class variables of these classes are allocated dynamically when the class is defined, and in some languages class methods are also dispatched dynamically. Thus in some languages, static member variable or static member function are used synonymously with or in place of "class variable" or "class function", but these are not synonymous across languages.
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Stance training can be practiced statically, the goal of which is to maintain the structure of the stance through a set time period, or dynamically, in which case a series of movements is performed repeatedly. The Horse stance (; ) and the bow stance are examples of stances found in many styles of Chinese martial arts.
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Commonly, the structure distributes the tension via the anchor arms to the outermost supports, while the compression is carried to the foundations beneath the central towers. Many truss cantilever bridges use pinned joints and are therefore statically determinate with no members carrying mixed loads. Prestressed concrete balanced cantilever bridges are often built using segmental construction.
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"Eberhart SE-5E." National Museum of the United States Air Force, 18 June 2009. Retrieved: 19 August 2011. Another four original airframes are statically displayed at: the Science Museum, London, UK; Royal Air Force Museum, London, UK; South African National Museum of Military History, Johannesburg, South Africa; and the Australian War Memorial, Canberra, Australia.
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The purpose of the Tall Timber tests was to determine the effectiveness of BZ-filled M138 bomblets in a tropical forest environment. The tests used statically ignited M138 bomblets containing live BZ incapacitating agent."Fact Sheet -- Tall Timber ", Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs), Deployment Health Support Directorate, accessed December 11, 2008.
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These tests were performed without any armament being installed. A total of 45 test flights were performed prior to work on the programme being terminated. The second Durandal, aircraft No.02, was statically displayed at the Paris Air Show at Paris Le Bourget Airport during May 1957 with the AA.20 missile underneath the aircraft.
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Statically and dynamically balanced. Seven main bearings and six throws. Internal oilway, with feed from both ends, used to distribute lubricants to main and big end bearings. "Floating" front end bearing consisting of an internally toothed annulus bolted to crankshaft, meshing with and incorporating a semi-floating ring, internally splined to a short coupling shaft.
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The Exec is an example of such a program. The linker (@LINK) is the modern linking environment which combines object modules into a new object module. It provides both static and dynamic linking capabilities. The most common usage is to combine the object modules of a program statically but to allow dynamic linking to libraries.
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Features include: higher-order functions, a Milner-style statically type-checked polymorphic type system with overloading, user defined types and pattern matching, and prefix and infix operators. It led to the development of pH, a parallel dialect of Haskell. Id programs are fine grained implicitly parallel. The MVar synchronisation variable abstraction in Haskell is based on Id's M-structures.
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The section HiveInfs points to the files used to fill the hives with the default values. On a fresh install this section is named `HiveInfs.Fresh`. The files are not reg files but are also ini files that can be understood by the ini interpreter bundled with the installer. The disk formatter program is statically linked with `setupdd.sys`.
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Some other languages rely on a fully external language to define the transformations, such as the XSLT preprocessor for XML, or its statically typed counterpart CDuce. Syntactic preprocessors are typically used to customize the syntax of a language, extend a language by adding new primitives, or embed a domain-specific programming language (DSL) inside a general purpose language.
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Later, in 1817, the church was newly plastered and then was installed a pulpit. In the year 1838 was built a wall with a gate that on the west side protected space around the church. In 1882 was torn a northern hallway and a builder J. Blecha statically secured the entire object. In 1904 were created two western windows.
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Port security may be configured statically with a list, dynamically based on the first given number of addresses detected, or a combination of these two methods. When port security is configured, the default settings are to allow only one MAC address per port, and to shut down the port if the allowed number of addresses is exceeded.
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The E48 sub- munition was utilized in tests at Dugway Proving Ground in July and August 1950. The July tests released Bacillus globigii from the E48 using air-dropped cluster bombs. The August tests utilized the bacteria Serratia marcescens, and involved E48s which dispersed the agent statically, from the ground.Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide, U.S. National Research Council.
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Core-based trees (CBT) is a proposal for making IP Multicast scalable by constructing a tree of routers. It was first proposed in a paper by Ballardie, Francis, and Crowcroft. What differentiates it from other schemes for multicasting is that the routing tree comprises multiple "cores" (also known as "centres"). The locations of the core routers are statically configured.
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Managing Gigabytes. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994. . In a related and more general method, a dictionary is built from redundancy extracted from a data environment (various input streams) which dictionary is then used statically to compress a further input stream. For example, a dictionary is built from old English texts then is used to compress a book.
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Csmith is a test case generation tool. It can generates random C programs that statically and dynamically conform to the C99 standard. It is used for stress- testing compilers, static analyzers, and other tools that process C code. It is a free, open source, permissively licensed C compiler fuzzer developed by researchers at the University of Utah.
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The way that the program is implemented internally is antiquated. The character fonts used are hardwired into the program code itself, as statically initialized data structures. Two data structures are used. The first is a data table comprising a sequence of printing instructions that encode the bitmap for each character (in an encoding specific to the `banner` program).
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In general, Common Lisp is a type-safe language. A Common Lisp compiler is responsible for inserting dynamic checks for operations whose type safety cannot be proven statically. However, a programmer may indicate that a program should be compiled with a lower level of dynamic type-checking. A program compiled in such a mode cannot be considered type-safe.
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Both languages are statically typed with class-based object orientation. In Java the primitive types are special in that they are not object-oriented and they could not have been defined using the language itself. They also do not share a common ancestor with reference types. The Java reference types all derive from a common root type.
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In a programming language where function parameters are statically typed, a function may be defined as a partial function because the language's type system cannot express the exact domain of the function, so the programmer instead gives it the smallest domain which is expressible as a type and contains the domain of definition of the function.
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Feature visibility is checked statically at compile-time. For example, (below), the "{NONE}" is similar to "protected" in other languages. Scope applied this way to a "feature set" (e.g. everything below the 'feature' keyword to either the next feature set keyword or the end of the class) can be changed in descendant classes using the "export" keyword.
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Move is the Libra blockchain's proposed smart contract and custom transactions language. It is planned to be a statically- typed programming language, compiled to bytecode. The Move language syntax has not been released yet. An example Intermediate representation of the language is shown in the Move white paper: public main(payee: address, amount: u64) { let coin: 0x0.Currency.
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Nemerle is a general-purpose, high-level, statically typed programming language designed for platforms using the Common Language Infrastructure (.NET/Mono). It offers functional, object-oriented and imperative features. It has a simple C#-like syntax and a powerful metaprogramming system. In June 2012, the core developers of Nemerle were hired by the Czech software development company JetBrains.
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Vertical movement, movement into the workpiece, and tilt. These are generally set statically, and left fixed throughout operations. The work table is a T-slotted X-axis table mounted on top of a radial fixture. Mounting the X axis on top of the radius table, as opposed to the other way around, allows for complex and accurate radius grinds.
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Sometimes a verification process does not need to be done because the fact that a value has a particular security property can be verified statically. In this case, the apply property is being used to assert that an object was produced by code that has been formally verified to only produce outputs with the particular security property.
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ASG is bindings project on top of the Enduro/X. Authors considers these binding as application server for go, because Golang projects are linked statically and by default there is no such thing as components. Enduro/X allows to run separate executable binaries, which represents stateless services. These services can be reloaded on the fly without service interruption.
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Stand-alone shell (`sash`) is a Unix shell designed for use in recovering from certain types of system failures and errors. The built-in commands of sash have all libraries linked statically, so unlike most shells on Linux, the standard UNIX commands do not rely on external libraries. For example, the copy command (cp) requires libc.so and ld-linux.
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Connascence of type is when multiple components must agree on the type of an entity. In statically typed languages, the type of method arguments is an example of this form of connascence. If a method changes the type of its argument from an integer to a string, callers of that method must be changed to pass a different argument than before.
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Fantom's type system is simple by design. All variables are statically typed, as they are in C# and Java. Fantom rejects generic types due to their complexity, but it does have a set of built-in generic types: `List`, `Map`, and `Func`. Fantom can also take on the feel of a dynamically typed language through dynamic calls and automatic downcasting.
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Reason, also known as ReasonML, is a syntax extension and toolchain for OCaml created by Jordan Walke at Facebook. Reason offers a syntax familiar to JavaScript programmers, and transpiles to OCaml. Statically typed Reason (or OCaml) code may be compiled to dynamically typed JavaScript using the ReScript compiler. The Reason community officially provides ReasonReact as a solution for React based web applications.
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The station and platform have recently been renovated, and in 2012, the main building was being offered for commercial lease., 14/01/12 A goods shed is also at the station, as well as a 70' long turntable, that is in usable condition but booked out of use. K class steam locomotive K167 is also statically preserved in a nearby park.
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Scheme 48 uses a virtual machine to interpret the bytecode, which is written in a restricted dialect of Scheme called PreScheme, which can be translated to C and compiled to a native binary. PreScheme, or Pre-Scheme, is a statically-typed dialect of Scheme with the efficiency and low-level machine access of C while retaining many of the desirable features of Scheme.
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Laszlo applications can be deployed as traditional Java servlets, which are compiled and returned to the browser dynamically. This method requires that the web server is also running the OpenLaszlo server. Alternatively, Laszlo applications can be compiled from LZX into Dynamic HTML (DHTML) or a binary SWF file, and loaded statically into an existing web page. This method is known as SOLO deployment.
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When linking is performed during the creation of an executable or another object file, it is known as static linking or early binding. In this case, the linking is usually done by a linker, but may also be done by the compiler. A static library, also known as an archive, is one intended to be statically linked. Originally, only static libraries existed.
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Early in 2008, UK Content Management vendor Jadu partnered with the Prague-based team to improve communication between .NET and the Phalanger compiler. It is based on duck typing and provides a way for accessing objects from the dynamic PHP world that lack compile-time type information from a statically typed language in a .NET environment in a type-safe way.
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The Yenisei bridge opened up a new frontier for the Russian bridge engineering since. Proskouriakov's statically determinate trusses with subdivided panels and upward-angled upper chords were subsequently widely used by many other bridge engineers. For example, such a system (with a few changeups) was borrowed by Prof. Nikolai Belelyubsky in the design of the rail bridge across the Volga River near Sviyazhsk.
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Two variants were proposed, the wz.36 which was mobile anti-aircraft gun mounted on a four-wheeled dual-axle carriage with cruciform outriggers towed by a C4P half-track and the wz.37 a statically emplaced anti-aircraft gun. The Polish Army planned to acquire 60 mobile batteries of 3 guns (180) and 70 static batteries of 4 wz.
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Most girders are statically loaded such that one web is in compression, the other in tension. Fairbairn's original cranes used a cellular construction for the compression face for their jib, so as to resist buckling. This jib was curved, tapered and formed of riveted wrought iron plates. Three cells were formed inside the concave (lower) face of this girder, again of riveted plates.
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It is possible to securely connect to the device via SSH and run statically-linked binaries on it. One of the key features of Time Capsule is the ability to back up a system and files wirelessly and automatically, eliminating the need to attach an external backup drive. This feature requires OS X 10.5.2 Leopard or greater on the client computers.
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OpenBSD has PIE enabled by default on most architectures since OpenBSD 5.3, released on . Support for PIE in statically linked binaries, such as the executables in `/bin` and `/sbin` directories, was added near the end of 2014. openSUSE added PIE as a default in 2015-02. Beginning with Fedora 23, Fedora maintainers decided to build packages with PIE enabled as the default.
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Caml (originally an acronym for Categorical Abstract Machine Language) is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language which is a dialect of the ML programming language family. Caml was developed in France at INRIA and ENS. Caml is statically typed, strictly evaluated, and uses automatic memory management. OCaml, the main descendant of Caml, adds many features to the language, including an object layer.
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The IAR-35 also has a fixed, semi-recessed tailwheel and a skid under the nose. The wing tips are protected by small, sprung balance wheels. Its fuselage becomes more slender behind the wing, mounting a conventional empennage with tall, straight edged, swept vertical surfaces and a dorsal fillet. The rudder is statically balanced and has a vertical trailing edge.
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ML ("Meta Language") is a general-purpose functional programming language. ML is statically-scoped. It is known for its use of the polymorphic Hindley–Milner type system, which automatically assigns the types of most expressions without requiring explicit type annotations, and ensures type safetythere is a formal proof that a well-typed ML program does not cause runtime type errors.Robin Milner.
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The vehicle-related frequencies include body bounce and axle hop but there are also pseudo- frequencies associated with the vehicle's speed of crossing and there are many frequencies associated with the surface profile. Given the wide variety of heavy vehicles on road bridges, a statistical approach has been suggested, with VBI analyses carried out for many statically extreme loading events.
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This is formalized by gradual typing. The programming environment DrRacket, a pedagogic environment based on Lisp, and a precursor of the language Racket is also soft-typed. Conversely, as of version 4.0, the C# language provides a way to indicate that a variable should not be statically type-checked. A variable whose type is `dynamic` will not be subject to static type checking.
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When it is defined more strictly, verification is equivalent only to static testing and it is intended to be applied to artifacts. And, validation (of the whole software product) would be equivalent to dynamic testing and intended to be applied to the running software product (not its artifacts, except requirements). Notice that requirements validation can be performed statically and dynamically (See artifact validation).
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So Equation gives the efficiency of any reversible heat engine. In mesoscopic heat engines, work per cycle of operation in general fluctuates due to thermal noise. If the cycle is performed quasi-statically, the fluctuations vanish even on the mesoscale. However, if the cycle is performed faster than the relaxation time of the working medium, the fluctuations of work are inevitable.
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Trace scheduling is an optimization technique developed by Josh Fisher used in compilers for computer programs. A compiler often can, by rearranging its generated machine instructions for faster execution, improve program performance. It increases ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism) along the important execution path by statically predicting frequent execution path. Trace scheduling is one of many known techniques for doing so.
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A type that is trivial can be statically initialized. It also means that it is valid to copy data around via `memcpy`, rather than having to use a copy constructor. The lifetime of a trivial type begins when its storage is defined, not when a constructor completes. A trivial class or struct is defined as one that: # Has a trivial default constructor.
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It has two different types of schema languages; one for human editing (Avro IDL) and another which is more machine- readable based on JSON. It is similar to Thrift and Protocol Buffers, but does not require running a code-generation program when a schema changes (unless desired for statically-typed languages). Apache Spark SQL can access Avro as a data source.
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Electricity has been a subject of scientific interest since at least the early 17th century. William Gilbert was a prominent early electrical scientist, and was the first to draw a clear distinction between magnetism and static electricity. He is credited with establishing the term "electricity". He also designed the versorium: a device that detects the presence of statically charged objects.
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In 1867, he became professor of mechanics at Stuttgart Polytechnic, and in 1873 at Dresden Polytechnic. Mohr had a direct and unpretentious lecturing style that was popular with his students. In addition to a lone textbook, Mohr published many research papers on the theory of structures and strength of materials. In 1874, Mohr formalised the idea of a statically indeterminate structure.
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Polymorphic association is a term used in discussions of Object-Relational Mapping with respect to the problem of representing in the relational database domain, a relationship from one class to multiple classes. In statically typed languages such as Java these multiple classes are subclasses of the same superclass. In languages with duck typing, such as Ruby, this is not necessarily the case.
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Variables declared as `static` inside a function are statically allocated, thus keep their memory cell throughout all program execution, while having the same scope of visibility as automatic local variables (`auto` and `register`), meaning remain local to the function. Hence whatever values the function puts into its static local variables during one call will still be present when the function is called again.
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This last step has been the key breakthrough in organoid development. Spinning bioreactors have been used increasingly in cell culture and tissue growth applications. The reactor is able to deliver faster cell doubling times, increased cell expansion and increased extra-cellular matrix components when compared to statically cultured cells. This flow chart outlines the basic steps to create a cerebral organoid.
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Kansei engineering has always been a statically and mathematically advanced methodology. Most types require good expert knowledge and a reasonable amount of experience to carry out the studies sufficiently. This has also been the major obstacle for a widespread application of Kansei engineering. In order to facilitate application some software packages have been developed in the recent years, most of them in Japan.
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The other operand, either the third or the second, is not evaluated. This example is statically scoped: the local environment is an extension of the static environment. Before about 1980, the Lisp languages that supported were mainly dynamically scoped: the local environment was an extension of the dynamic environment, rather than of the static environment.Steele and Gabriel, "The Evolution of Lisp", pp. 239-240.
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EuLisp is a statically and dynamically scoped Lisp dialect developed by a loose formation of industrial and academic Lisp users and developers from around Europe. The standardizers intended to create a new Lisp "less encumbered by the past" (compared to Common Lisp), and not so minimalist as Scheme. Another objective was to integrate the object-oriented programming paradigm well. It is a third-generation programming language.
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TypeScript supports definition files that can contain type information of existing JavaScript libraries, much like C++ header files can describe the structure of existing object files. This enables other programs to use the values defined in the files as if they were statically typed TypeScript entities. There are third-party header files for popular libraries such as jQuery, MongoDB, and D3.js. TypeScript headers for the Node.
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Static linking must be performed when any modules are recompiled. All of the modules required by a program are sometimes statically linked and copied into the executable file. This process, and the resulting stand-alone file, is known as a static build of the program. A static build may not need any further relocation if virtual memory is used and no address space layout randomization is desired.
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This leads to the problem of deciding how to partition the work, because the relative speeds of operations differ among the devices. Machine learning has been suggested to solve this problem: Grewe and O'Boyle describe a system of support-vector machines trained on compile-time features of program that can decide the device partitioning problem statically, without actually running the programs to measure their performance.
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In Perl language, definedness of an expression can be checked via predicate `defined(`expr`)`. The use of undefined value in Perl is quite safe, it is equivalent to false in logical context (under `if` etc.). In such statically typed languages as C(C++) there is no specific notion of a value undefined at runtime. Arithmetically undefined expressions invoke exceptions and crash the program, if uncaught.
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All Rosetta expressions have types that are determined statically. The type system is based on lifted sets where each type contains at least the bottom or undefined value. Any set can be used to define a type and any function that returns a set can be used to define a type former. Because type definitions can contain general Rosetta expressions, the type system is dependent.
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The Stable Salt Reactor is a relatively recent concept which holds the molten salt fuel statically in traditional LWR fuel pins. Pumping of the fuel salt, and all the corrosion/deposition/maintenance/containment issues arising from circulating a highly radioactive, hot and chemically complex fluid, are no longer required. The fuel pins are immersed in a separate, non-fissionable fluoride salt which acts as primary coolant.
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MVFLEX Expression Language (MVEL) is a hybrid dynamic/statically typed, embeddable Expression Language and runtime for the Java Platform. Originally started as a utility language for an application framework, the project is now developed completely independently. MVEL is typically used for exposing basic logic to end-users and programmers through configuration such as XML files or annotations. It may also be used to parse simple JavaBean expressions.
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The Pratt truss was invented in 1844 by Thomas and Caleb Pratt. This truss is practical for use with spans up to and was a common configuration for railroad bridges as truss bridges moved from wood to metal. They are statically determinate bridges, which lend themselves well to long spans. They were common in the United States between 1844 and the early 20th century.
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It indicates the possibility of self-stress (stress in the absence of an external load) that may be induced by mechanical or thermal action. Mathematically, this requires a stiffness matrix to have full rank. A statically indeterminate structure can only be analyzed by including further information like material properties and deflections. Numerically, this can be achieved by using methods like matrix structural analyses and finite element analyses.
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A proportion of the reciprocating weight is balanced with the addition of an extra revolving weight in the wheel, i.e. still only balanced statically. The overbalance causes what is known as hammer blow or dynamic augment, both terms having the same definition as given in the following references. Hammer blow varies about the static mean, alternately adding to and subtracting from it with each wheel revolution.
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Another way is to evaluate the earthquake performance analytically. The very first earthquake simulations were performed by statically applying some horizontal inertia forces, based on scaled peak ground accelerations, to a mathematical model of a building. With the further development of computational technologies, static approaches began to give way to dynamic ones. Traditionally, numerical simulation and physical tests have been uncoupled and performed separately.
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Earlier in 2009, Allen's second child, Carrie, had been diagnosed with a rare form of soft- tissue cancer - rhabdomyosarcoma. She was given front-line treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and surgery to remove the lump in her arm. The family moved to New Zealand just as Carrie completed this treatment, and for some time the cancer was in remission. Tragically, it returned meta-statically in 2011.
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Nim is statically typed. It supports compile- time metaprogramming features such as syntactic macros and term rewriting macros. Term rewriting macros enable library implementations of common data structures such as bignums and matrices to be implemented efficiently, as if they were builtin language facilities. Iterators are supported and can be used as first class entities, as can functions, allowing for the use of functional programming methods.
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This mismatch leads to interoperability issues. The same is true on the SP side. By statically configuring IdP metadata into the SP software, the SP owner implicitly accepts the responsibility to maintain the IdP metadata when something changes. Since an IdP (or SP) typically has many partners, static metadata configuration clearly does not scale, and moreover, change management associated with static metadata is difficult at best.
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A number of useful and common programming language features cannot be checked statically, such as downcasting. Thus, many languages will have both static and dynamic type checking; the static type checker verifies what it can, and dynamic checks verify the rest. Many languages with static type checking provide a way to bypass the type checker. Some languages allow programmers to choose between static and dynamic type safety.
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The inner truss of a Howe truss is statically indeterminate. There are two paths for stress during loading, a pair of diagonals in compression and a pair in tension. This gives the Howe truss a level of redundancy which allows it to withstand excessive loading (such as the loss of a panel due to collison). Prestressing is critical to the proper function of a Howe truss.
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Shed Skin is a Python to C++ programming language compiler. It is experimental, and can translate pure, but implicitly statically typed Python programs into optimized C++. It can generate stand-alone programs or extension modules that can be imported and used in larger Python programs. Shed Skin is an open source project with contributions from many people, however the main author is Mark Dufour.
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However, this technique won't work if it the program does not know the next data chunk to retrieve from memory. In other words, it won't work in combinatorial algorithms, such as tree spanning or random list ranking. In addition, multi-buffering assumes that memory latency is constant and can be hidden by statically. However, reality shows that memory latency changes from application to another.
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The tree with the minimal weighted path length is, by definition, statically optimal. But weighted path lengths have an interesting property. Let E be the weighted path length of a binary tree, be the weighted path length of its left subtree, and be the weighted path length of its right subtree. Also let W be the sum of all the probabilities in the tree.
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Some environments do not provide a shared implementation of the C++ library. These include embedded systems and Windows systems running programs built with MinGW. Under these systems, the C++ standard library must be statically linked to a program, which increases the size of the program, or distributed as a shared library alongside the program. Some implementations of the C++ standard library have significant amounts of dead code.
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Scala Coroutines is a coroutine implementation for Scala. This implementation is a library-level extension that relies on the Scala macro system to statically transform sections of the program into coroutine objects. As such, this implementation does not require modifications in the JVM, so it is fully portable between different JVMs and works with alternative Scala backends, such as Scala.js, which compiles to JavaScript.
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The SofCheck Inspector is a static analysis tool for Java and Ada. It statically determines and documents the pre- and postconditions of Java methods or Ada subprograms, and uses that information to identify logic flaws, race conditions, and redundant code in an individual Java class or Ada package, a subsystem, or a complete program. The SofCheck Inspector is produced by SofCheck, Inc., a software product company in Burlington, Massachusetts.
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MultiCluster-1 series were statically configurable systems and could be tailored to specific user requirements such as number of processors, amount of memory, and I/0 configuration, as weil as system topology. The required processor topology could be configured by using UniLink connection; fed through the special back plane. In addition, four external sockets were provided. Multicluster-2 used network configuration units (NCUs) that provided flexible, dynamically configurable interconnection networks.
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In atmospheric dynamics, oceanography, asteroseismology and geophysics, the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, or buoyancy frequency, is a measure of the stability of a fluid to vertical displacements such as those caused by convection. More precisely it is the frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillate within a statically stable environment. It is named after David Brunt and Vilho Väisälä. It can be used as a measure of atmospheric stratification.
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Almost all digital signature schemes require a cryptographic hash to be calculated over the message. This allows the signature calculation to be performed on the relatively small, statically sized hash digest. The message is considered authentic if the signature verification succeeds given the signature and recalculated hash digest over the message. So the message integrity property of the cryptographic hash is used to create secure and efficient digital signature schemes.
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The name localhost is a commonly defined hostname for the loopback interface in most TCP/IP systems, resolving to the IP addresses `127.0.0.1` in IPv4 and `::1` for IPv6. As a top-level domain, the name has traditionally been defined statically in host DNS implementations with address records (A and AAAA) pointing to the same loopback addresses. Any other use conflicts with widely deployed algorithms relying on this convention.
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The wide base makes it difficult for statically-stable mobile robots to navigate cluttered human environments. Moreover, these robots have several other limitations that make them poorly suited to a constantly changing human environment. They can neither roll in any direction, nor can they turn in place. The desire to build tall and narrow mobile robots that do not tip over led to development of balancing mobile robots like the ballbot.
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Descriptively, a statically determinate structure can be defined as a structure where, if it is possible to find internal actions in equilibrium with external loads, those internal actions are unique. The structure has no possible states of self-stress, i.e. internal forces in equilibrium with zero external loads are not possible. Statical indeterminacy, however, is the existence of a non-trivial (non-zero) solution to the homogeneous system of equilibrium equations.
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In traditional programming, the flow of the business logic is determined by objects that are statically bound to one another. With inversion of control, the flow depends on the object graph that is built up during program execution. Such a dynamic flow is made possible by object interactions that are defined through abstractions. This run-time binding is achieved by mechanisms such as dependency injection or a service locator.
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Logic languages are traditionally interpreted, but Visual Prolog is compiled. This provides the important improvement of converting traditional Prolog-typical run-time errors to compiler warnings, which ensures a better robustness of the finished applications. The core of Visual Prolog are Horn clauses, algebraic datatypes, pattern matching and controlled non-determinism like in traditional Prolog, but unlike traditional Prolog, Visual Prolog has always been strongly and statically typed.
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The moment distribution method is a structural analysis method for statically indeterminate beams and frames developed by Hardy Cross. It was published in 1930 in an ASCE journal. The method only accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial and shear effects. From the 1930s until computers began to be widely used in the design and analysis of structures, the moment distribution method was the most widely practiced method.
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The popularity of tree shaking in JavaScript is based on the fact that in distinction from CommonJS modules, ECMAScript 6 module loading is static and thus the whole dependency tree can be deduced by statically parsing the syntax tree. Thus tree shaking becomes an easy problem. However, tree shaking does not only apply at the import/export level: it can also work at the statement level, depending on the implementation.
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Thus, `&l1;:T` is a subtype of `&l2;:T` if lifetime `l1` statically outlives lifetime `l2`. A lifetime whose scope encloses another is said to outlive it. Lifetimes in Whiley differ from Rust in that they do not currently include a concept of ownership. Whiley has no built-in support for concurrency and no formal memory model to determine how reading/writing to shared mutable state should be interpreted.
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It is an integrated login manager that offers multiseat improvements and replaces ConsoleKit, which is no longer maintained. For X11 display managers the switch to requires a minimal amount of porting. It was integrated in systemd version 30. ; ; ; : is a daemon to handle the configuration of the network interfaces; in version 209, when it was first integrated, support was limited to statically assigned addresses and basic support for bridging configuration.
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Kotlin () is a cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose programming language with type inference. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with Java, and the JVM version of Kotlin's standard library depends on the Java Class Library, but type inference allows its syntax to be more concise. Kotlin mainly targets the JVM, but also compiles to JavaScript (for e.g. frontend web applications using React) or native code (via LLVM), e.g.
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The IAR-35 is an all-metal, single seat, short span glider developed for aerobatic flight. Its three spar shoulder wing, with metal ribs and bonded metal skinning, has a constant chord centre section and tapered outer panels. There is no dihedral on the centre section but 2° outboard. The whole trailing edge is occupied by all-metal, statically balanced ailerons, each fitted with an automatic trim tab.
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TinyOS provides interfaces and components for common abstractions such as packet communication, routing, sensing, actuation and storage. TinyOS is fully non-blocking: it has one call stack. Thus, all input/output (I/O) operations that last longer than a few hundred microseconds are asynchronous and have a callback. To enable the native compiler to better optimize across call boundaries, TinyOS uses nesC's features to link these callbacks, called events, statically.
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This simple concurrency model is typically sufficient for I/O centric applications, but its difficulty with CPU-heavy applications has led to developing a thread library for the OS, named TOSThreads. TOSThreads are unmaintained and have been deprecated. TinyOS code is statically linked with program code and is compiled into a small binary, using a custom GNU toolchain. Associated utilities are provided to complete a development platform for working with TinyOS.
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More advanced run- time constructs such as metaclasses and introspection are often harder to use in statically typed languages. In some languages, such features may also be used e.g. to generate new types and behaviors on the fly, based on run-time data. Such advanced constructs are often provided by dynamic programming languages; many of these are dynamically typed, although dynamic typing need not be related to dynamic programming languages.
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Some languages allow both static and dynamic typing. For example, Java and some other ostensibly statically typed languages support downcasting types to their subtypes, querying an object to discover its dynamic type, and other type operations that depend on runtime type information. Another example is C++ RTTI. More generally, most programming languages include mechanisms for dispatching over different 'kinds' of data, such as disjoint unions, runtime polymorphism, and variant types.
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Rodin sought to avoid another charge of surmoulage by making the statue larger than life: St. John stands almost 6 feet 7 inches (2 m). While The Age of Bronze is statically posed, St. John gestures and seems to move toward the viewer. The effect of walking is achieved despite the figure having both feet firmly on the ground – a technical achievement that was lost on most contemporary critics.Hale, 80.
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The Ciao compiler (which can be run outside the top level shell) generates several forms of architecture-independent and stand-alone executables, which run with speed, efficiency and executable size which are very competitive with other high-level languages in general and in particular with commercial and academic Prolog/CLP systems. Modules can be compiled into compact bytecode or C source files, and linked statically, dynamically, or autoloaded.
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Haskell is a general-purpose, statically typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation.Type inference originally using Hindley-Milner type inference Developed to be suitable for teaching, research and industrial application, Haskell has pioneered a number of advanced programming language features such as type classes, which enable type-safe operator overloading. Haskell's main implementation is the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC). It is named after logician Haskell Curry.
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In computer programming, the block starting symbol (abbreviated to .bss or bss) is the portion of an object file, executable, or assembly language code that contains statically-allocated variables that are declared but have not been assigned a value yet. It is often referred to as the "bss section" or "bss segment". Typically only the length of the bss section, but no data, is stored in the object file.
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Whenever possible, all required memory allocation is specified statically at compile time. Another reason to avoid dynamic memory allocation is memory fragmentation. With frequent allocation and releasing of small chunks of memory, a situation may occur where available memory is divided into several sections and the RTOS is incapable of allocating a large enough continuous block of memory, although there is enough free memory. Secondly, speed of allocation is important.
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15.73% have only finished primary school, and 31.5% have studied beyond this level. The city and municipality area have a large Ch'ol indigenous population. As of 2005, there were 37,032 people who spoke an indigenous language, out of a total population of 85,464. Statically 40.60% of the population is indigenous compared to just under 25% for the state and just under 65% for the region. The predominant ethnicity is Ch’ol.
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Binary translation is motivated by a lack of a binary for a target platform, the lack of source code to compile for the target platform, or otherwise difficulty in compiling the source for the target platform. Statically-recompiled binaries run potentially faster than their respective emulated binaries, as the emulation overhead is removed. This is similar to the difference in performance between interpreted and compiled programs in general.
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Another benefit of static builds is their portability: once the final executable file has been compiled, it is no longer necessary to keep the library files that the program references, since all the relevant parts are copied into the executable file. As a result, when installing a statically- built program on a computer, the user doesn't have to download and install additional libraries: the program is ready to run.
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Both the rudder and the elevator were statically and aerodynamically balanced. The undercarriage was of a split-type configuration, being oleo-sprung and equipped with Dunlop-built wheels. The wheels, which were housed within streamlined fairings, were fitted with brakes; for conducting operations under winter conditions, skis could also be fitted to the undercarriage. According to reports from pilots who flew the B-534, it possessed excellent handling characteristics for the era.
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The Ondemand governor jumps to maximum frequency on CPU load and decreases the frequency step by step on CPU idle, whereas the Conservative governor increases the frequency step by step on CPU load and jumps to lowest frequency on CPU idle. The Performance, Powersave and Userspace governors set the clock rate statically: Performance to the highest available, Powersave to the lowest available, and Userspace to a frequency determined and controlled by the user.
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The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC or GNU cc) is the default compiler for the mainline Linux sources and it's invoked by a utility called make. Then, the GNU Assembler (more often called GAS or GNU as) outputs the object files from the GCC generated assembly code. Finally, the GNU Linker (GNU ld) is used to produce a statically linked executable kernel file called vmlinux. as and ld are part of a package called GNU binutils.
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Cuneiform provides a simple, statically checked type system. While Cuneiform provides lists as compound data types it omits traditional list accessors (head and tail) to avoid the possibility of runtime errors which might arise when accessing the empty list. Instead lists are accessed in an all-or-nothing fashion by only mapping or folding over them. Additionally, Cuneiform omits (at the organizational level) arithmetics which excludes the possibility of division by zero.
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The Homestead Grays Bridge, also known as the (Homestead) High Level Bridge, was built in 1936 and spans the Monongahela River between Homestead Borough and the southernmost tip of Pittsburgh's Squirrel Hill neighborhood. It is notable as the first bridge to incorporate the Wichert Truss, which uses a quadrilateral shape over each support, into its design. This made the truss statically determinate, so that forces in the structural members could be calculated.
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Mudra is used in the iconography of Hindu and Buddhist art of the Indian subcontinent and described in the scriptures, such as Nātyaśāstra, which lists 24 ' ("separated", meaning "one-hand") and 13 ' ("joined", meaning "two-hand") mudras. Mudra positions are usually formed by both the hand and the fingers. Along with āsanas ("seated postures"), they are employed statically in the meditation and dynamically in the practice of Hinduism. Hindu and Buddhist iconography share some mudras.
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The Nix package manager ensures that the running system is consistent with the logical specification of the system, meaning that it will rebuild all packages that need to be rebuilt. For instance, if the kernel is changed then the package manager will ensure that external kernel modules will be rebuilt. Similarly, when a library is updated it ensures that all the system packages use the new version, even packages statically linked to it.
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The wings were braced by a Warren truss. Automatic slots are fitted to the top wing, the auxiliary airfoils of which benefiting from a new construction approach involving single z-section spars and planking, both composed of duralumin.NACA 1935, p. 3. Slot-type ailerons are also present, each being installed upon four hinges and supported by four box-section brackets; these ailerons are both statically and aerodynamically balanced, making them relatively light to control.
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Hardy Cross, who Newmark worked under at the University of Illinois in Urbana, developed the moment distribution method. It enabled designers to calculate statically indeterminate frames of reinforced concrete. Newmark looked up to Cross; in Cross's book Arches, Continuous Frames, Columns and Conduits, Newmark wrote the introduction, in which he tells how much he enjoyed the classes taught by Cross and how they would sometimes walk home together after classes and discuss engineering principles.
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Schematic showing an electrostatic speaker's construction and its connections. The thickness of the diaphragm and grids has been exaggerated for the purpose of illustration. Electrostatic loudspeakers use a high voltage electric field (rather than a magnetic field) to drive a thin statically charged membrane. Because they are driven over the entire membrane surface rather than from a small voice coil, they ordinarily provide a more linear and lower-distortion motion than dynamic drivers.
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This biologically-inspired walking robot was developed to study and realize statically stable walking in rough terrain. Because of the flexible behavior- based control system, LAURON is capable of adapting to unknown situations very well. Through the robust mechanical design, different walking patterns and high number of degrees of freedom, LAURON can maintain a stable locomotion even under extreme circumstances. A panoramic camera was installed on the back of LAURON for teleoperation tasks.
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Linkules are functions usually written in Fortran (or, unsupportedly, in C). With the aid of Mortran or C macros and an API library, they can interface the Speakeasy workarea for retrieving, defining, manipulating any Speakeasy object. Most of the Speakeasy operational vocabulary is implemented via linkules. They can be statically linked to the core engine, or dynamically loaded as they are needed, provided they are properly compiled as shared objects (unix) or dll (windows).
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The music of Moondog of the 1940s and 1950s, which was based on counterpoint developing statically over steady pulses in often unusual time signatures influenced both Philip Glass and Steve Reich. Glass has written that he and Reich took Moondog's work "very seriously and understood and appreciated it much more than what we were exposed to at Juilliard".Glass 2008, . One of the first minimalist compositions was November by Dennis Johnson, written in 1959.
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During the firework displays in St. Goar and St. Goarshausen, the convoy waits statically between the two castles Burg Maus and Burg Rheinfels. On the river banks wine festivals take place that attract hundreds of thousands of visitors every year. On the first Saturday in May, the event is held in Bonn, in July in the Rüdesheim-Bingen area. The biggest "Rhein in Flammen" event takes place in Koblenz on the second Saturday in August.
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Nim is an imperative, general-purpose, multi-paradigm, statically typed, systems, compiled programming language designed and developed by Andreas Rumpf. It is designed to be "efficient, expressive, and elegant", supporting metaprogramming, functional, message passing, procedural, and object-oriented programming styles by providing several features such as compile time code generation, algebraic data types, a foreign function interface (FFI) with C, C++, Objective-C, and JavaScript, and compiling to C, C++, Objective-C, and JavaScript.
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Light was first captured in its flight by N. Abramson in 1978,Abramson, N. Light-in-flight recording by holography. Opt. Lett. 3, 121–123 (1978). who used a holographic technique to record the wavefront of a pulse propagating and being scattered by a white-painted screen placed in its path. This high-speed recording technique allowed the dynamic observation of light phenomena like reflection, interference and focusing that are normally observed statically.
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Qt is available under the following free software licenses: GPL 2.0, GPL 3.0, LGPL 3.0 and LGPL 2.1 (with Qt special exception). Note that some modules are available only under a GPL license, which means that applications which statically link to these modules need to comply with that license. In addition, Qt has always been available under a commercial license, like the Qt Commercial License, that allows developing proprietary applications with no restrictions on licensing.
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At update time, this indirection is updated to point to the newest version. If a DSU system does not use a compiler to insert these indirections statically, it insert them at runtime with binary rewriting. Binary rewriting is the process of writing low-level code into the memory image of a running native program to re-direct functions. While this requires no static analysis of a program, it is highly platform- dependent.
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In contrast to user interface libraries like GTK, Qt, and wxWidgets, FLTK uses a more lightweight design and restricts itself to GUI functionality. Because of this, the library is very small (the FLTK "Hello World" program is around 100 KiB), and is usually statically linked. It also avoids complex macros, separate code preprocessors, and use of some advanced C++ features: templates, exceptions, and run-time type information (RTTI) or, for FLTK 1.x, namespaces.
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ATM can build virtual circuits and virtual paths either statically or dynamically. Static circuits (permanent virtual circuits or PVCs) or paths (permanent virtual paths or PVPs) require that the circuit is composed of a series of segments, one for each pair of interfaces through which it passes. PVPs and PVCs, though conceptually simple, require significant effort in large networks. They also do not support the re-routing of service in the event of a failure.
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Rossgraben bridge (Rüeggisberg) near Bern, Switzerland, showing the hinge at mid-span of this three-hinged arch. The most common kinds of true arch are the fixed arch, the two-hinged arch, and the three-hinged arch. The fixed arch is most often used in reinforced concrete bridges and tunnels, which have short spans. Because it is subject to additional internal stress from thermal expansion and contraction, this kind of arch is considered statically indeterminate.
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The three-hinged arch is not only hinged at its base, like the two-hinged arch, yet also at its apex. The additional apical connection allows the three-hinged arch to move in two opposite directions and compensate for any expansion and contraction. This kind of arch is thus not subject to additional stress from thermal change. Unlike the other two kinds of arch, the three-hinged arch is therefore statically determinate.
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Linux kernel boot and decompression process On Linux systems, `vmlinux` is a statically linked executable file that contains the Linux kernel in one of the object file formats supported by Linux, which includes ELF, COFF and a.out. The `vmlinux` file might be required for kernel debugging, symbol table generation or other operations, but must be made bootable before being used as an operating system kernel by adding a multiboot header, bootsector and setup routines.
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In 2018, critic and filmmaker Christopher Stewardson wrote "Flatly directed, statically shot, but with enough pseudo-scientific positing to enjoy, I Was a Teenage Frankenstein is strangely enjoyable". I Was a Teenage Frankenstein was released on VHS videocassette in 1991 by RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video under the shortened title Teenage Frankenstein, which was the original theatrical title that was used when the film was released in the U.K. by Anglo-Amalgamated.
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Each of the two parts is introduced by a prelude and concludes with a postlude. Strauss uses leitmotifs to identify each of the characters: Enoch Arden (a chordal sequence in E flat), Annie Lee (a rising figure in G), Philip Ray (a melody in E), the sea (G minor).Audiophile Audition He does not develop these into melodies as such, but uses them statically. There are long passages where the piano is silent.
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An aircraft's static stability is an important, but not sufficient, measure of its handling characteristics, and whether it can be flown with ease and comfort by a human pilot. In particular, the longitudinal dynamic stability of a statically stable aircraft will determine whether or not it is finally able to return to its original position. The longitudinal dynamic stability of an aircraft determines whether it will be able to return to its original position.
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There are several advantages to statically linking libraries with an executable instead of dynamically linking them. The most significant advantage is that the application can be certain that all its libraries are present and that they are the correct version. This avoids dependency problems, known colloquially as DLL Hell or more generally dependency hell. Static linking can also allow the application to be contained in a single executable file, simplifying distribution and installation.
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To maximize operating efficiency, the design of CNK was kept simple and minimal. It was implemented in about 5,000 lines of C++ code. Physical memory is statically mapped and the CNK neither needs nor provides scheduling or context switching, given that at each point it runs one application for one user. By not allowing virtual memory or multi-tasking, the design of CNK aimed to devote as many cycles as possible to application processing.
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A six-legged walking robot should not be confused with a Stewart platform, a kind of parallel manipulator used in robotics applications. Beetle hexapod A hexapod robot is a mechanical vehicle that walks on six legs. Since a robot can be statically stable on three or more legs, a hexapod robot has a great deal of flexibility in how it can move. If legs become disabled, the robot may still be able to walk.
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The Artillery Museum of Finland, Hämeenlinna An artillery museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artifacts of artillery. In addition to actual or replica ordnance (guns, mortars, ammunition, etc.), exhibits can include photographs, maps, models, dioramas, clothing and equipment used by gunners. Artillery museums may be owned by national, regional or local governments or entities, or by private associations. They may display their equipment only statically or in working order (e.g.
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The power from these lines is either raised to AC 735 kV from AC 315 kV, statically inverted to high-voltage direct current (HVDC) +/- 450 kV, or unchanged (735 kV to 735 kV). The amount of electrical energy passing through the substation is 6,600 megawatts (MW). Two AC 735 kV lines and one HVDC +/- 450 kV line, part of the James Bay transmission system, transfer this electrical energy over a distance of to Montreal and Northeast United States.
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EDGE architectures are a new class of ISA's based on a static placement, dynamic issue design. EDGE systems compile source code into a form consisting of statically-allocated hyperblocks containing many individual instructions, hundreds or thousands. These hyperblocks are then scheduled dynamically by the CPU. EDGE thus combines the advantages of the VLIW concept of looking for independent data at compile time, with the superscalar RISC concept of executing the instructions when the data for them becomes available.
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Refractive index readings of faceted gems contain indices α = 1.653, β = 1.670, and γ = 1.689 with a corresponding bi-axial birefringence of 0.036. Study of Chinese peridot gem samples determined the specific gravity hydro-statically to be 3.36. The visible-light spectroscopy of the same Chinese peridot samples showed light bands between 493.0 and 481.0 nm, the strongest absorption at 492.0 nm. Inclusions are common in peridot crystals but the variety depend on the location it is found at.
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Halstead complexity measures are software metrics introduced by Maurice Howard Halstead in 1977 as part of his treatise on establishing an empirical science of software development. Halstead made the observation that metrics of the software should reflect the implementation or expression of algorithms in different languages, but be independent of their execution on a specific platform. These metrics are therefore computed statically from the code. Halstead's goal was to identify measurable properties of software, and the relations between them.
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Robustness refers to how much offset in the timing of a legs stance can be tolerated before the fly becomes statically unstable. For instance, a robust gait may be particularly important when traversing uneven terrain, as it may cause unexpected disruptions in leg coordination. Using a robust gait would help the fly maintain stability in this case. Analyses suggest that Drosophila may exhibit a compromise between the most stable and most robust gait at a given walking speed.
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Solidity is a statically-typed programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on the EVM. Solidity is compiled to bytecode that is executable on the EVM. With Solidity, developers are able to write applications that implement self-enforcing business logic embodied in smart contracts, leaving a non-repudiable and authoritative record of transactions. Writing smart contracts in smart contract specific languages such as Solidity is claimed to be easy (ostensibly for those who already have programming skills).
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Diagram of a pulsejet A pulsejet engine (or pulse jet) is a type of jet engine in which combustion occurs in pulses. A pulsejet engine can be made with few or no moving parts, and is capable of running statically (i.e. it does not need to have air forced into its inlet, typically by forward motion). Pulsejet engines are a lightweight form of jet propulsion, but usually have a poor compression ratio, and hence give a low specific impulse.
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In most of these protocols, an address (whether it is initiator or target) is roughly equivalent to physical device's port. Situations where a single physical port hosts multiple addresses, or where a single address is accessible from one device's multiple ports are not very common, . Even when using multipath I/O to achieve fault tolerance, the device driver switches between different targets or initiators statically bound on physical ports, instead of sharing a static address between physical ports.
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Spec# is a programming language with specification language features that extends the capabilities of the C# programming language with Eiffel-like contracts, including object invariants, preconditions and postconditions. Like ESC/Java, it includes a static checking tool based on a theorem prover that is able to statically verify many of these invariants. It also includes a variety of other minor extensions to the language, such as non-null reference types. The code contracts API in the .
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The most precise call graph is fully context-sensitive, which means that for each procedure, the graph contains a separate node for each call stack that procedure can be activated with. A fully context-sensitive call graph is called a calling context tree. This can be computed dynamically easily, although it may take up a large amount of memory. Calling context trees are usually not computed statically, because it would take too long for a large program.
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The resource-driven workflow system is an early approach that considered workflows from a content-oriented perspective and emphasizes on the missing support for plain document-driven processes by traditional activity-oriented workflow engines. The resource-driven approach demonstrated the application of database triggers for handling workflow events. Still the system implementation is centralized and the workflow schema is statically defined. The project appeared in 2005 but many aspects are considered future work by the authors.
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The sophisticated wing design, often described as elliptical, was semi-elliptical, with wing thickness tapering from 15 percent at the root to 8 percent at the tip. The structure of the three spars incorporated a "T" section. The triangular-shaped wing and tail control surfaces were mostly fabric-covered, included all-metal two-part split flaps and statically balanced ailerons. Fuel was carried in four self-sealing wing tanks, two forward and two behind, providing a capacity of .
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The GNU Classpath project provides an example of the use of such a GPL linking exception. The GNU Classpath library uses the following license: :Classpath is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License with the following clarification and special exception. :Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is making a combined work based on this library. Thus, the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License cover the whole combination.
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Jython programs can import and use any Java class. Except for some standard modules, Jython programs use Java classes instead of Python modules. Jython includes almost all of the modules in the standard Python programming language distribution, lacking only some of the modules implemented originally in C. For example, a user interface in Jython could be written with Swing, AWT or SWT. Jython compiles Python source code to Java bytecode (an intermediate language) either on demand or statically.
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Conversely, if the language is type-unsafe to the extent of allowing an arbitrary integer to be used as a pointer, then it is not memory- safe. Most statically typed languages provide a degree of type safety that is strictly stronger than memory safety, because their type systems enforce the proper use of abstract data types defined by programmers even when this is not strictly necessary for memory safety or for the prevention of any kind of catastrophic failure.
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C# is type- safe (but not statically type-safe). It has support for untyped pointers, but this must be accessed using the "unsafe" keyword which can be prohibited at the compiler level. It has inherent support for run-time cast validation. Casts can be validated by using the "as" keyword that will return a null reference if the cast is invalid, or by using a C-style cast that will throw an exception if the cast is invalid.
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Paul R. Thagard used astrology as a case study to distinguish science from pseudoscience and proposed principles and criteria to delineate them. First, astrology has not progressed in that it has not been updated nor added any explanatory power since Ptolemy. Second, it has ignored outstanding problems such as the precession of equinoxes in astronomy. Third, alternative theories of personality and behavior have grown progressively to encompass explanations of phenomena which astrology statically attributes to heavenly forces.
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The simplest form of certification is the use of static, read-only entries for critical services in the ARP cache of a host. IP address-to-MAC address mappings in the local ARP cache may be statically entered. Hosts don't need to transmit ARP requests where such entries exist. While static entries provide some security against spoofing, they result in maintenance efforts as address mappings for all systems in the network must be generated and distributed.
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The key issue in programming distributed memory systems is how to distribute the data over the memories. Depending on the problem solved, the data can be distributed statically, or it can be moved through the nodes. Data can be moved on demand, or data can be pushed to the new nodes in advance. As an example, if a problem can be described as a pipeline where data x is processed subsequently through functions f, g, h, etc.
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Metropolitan Ambulance Services Trust Logo Metropolitan Ambulance Services Trust ("MAST") is a former non-profit EMS agency that was the sole ambulance provider for Kansas City, Missouri. On April 25, 2010, MAST was merged into the Kansas City Fire Department to operate as one municipal services department. There are now 21 Statically Deployed ALS transport ambulances deployed from 19 different Fire Stations, with additional Dynamically deployed ALS transport ambulances scheduled throughout each day, totalling 33 dynamic shifts.
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Baby Modula-3 is a functional programming sublanguage of Modula-3 (safe subset) programming language based on ideals invented by Martín Abadi. It is an object oriented language for studying programming language design; one part of it is implicitly prototype-oriented programming language, and the other is explicitly statically typed designed for studying computer science type theories. It has been checked as a formal language of metaprogramming systems. It comes from the "Scandinavian School" of object-oriented programming languages.
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The two-hinged arch is most often used to bridge long spans. This kind of arch has pinned connections at its base. Unlike that of the fixed arch, the pinned base can rotate, thus allowing the structure to move freely and compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction that changes in outdoor temperature cause. However, this can result in additional stresses, and therefore the two-hinged arch is also statically indeterminate, although not as much as the fixed arch.
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In the second case, the compiler infers the types of expressions and declarations based on context. Most mainstream statically typed languages, such as C++, C# and Java, are manifestly typed. Complete type inference has traditionally been associated with less mainstream languages, such as Haskell and ML. However, many manifestly typed languages support partial type inference; for example, C++, Java and C# all infer types in certain limited cases.Specifically, instantiations of generic types are inferred for certain expression forms.
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In SOP, customizations are managed through an inventive feature called Service Overrides. Through this feature, a service implementation can be statically or dynamically overridden by one of many possible implementations at runtime. This feature is analogous to polymorphism in object-oriented programming. Each possible override implementation can be associated to one or more override configuration portfolios in order to manage activation of groups of related overrides throughout different SOP application installations at the time of deployment.
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For an object to be in static equilibrium, not only must the sum of the forces be zero, but also the sum of the torques (moments) about any point. For a two-dimensional situation with horizontal and vertical forces, the sum of the forces requirement is two equations: ΣH = 0 and ΣV = 0, and the torque a third equation: Στ = 0. That is, to solve statically determinate equilibrium problems in two-dimensions, three equations are used.
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Dampfnudeln The everyday cuisine of the citizens of the state capital Munich differed somewhat from that of the rural people, especially by the greater consumption of meat. In the city, more people could afford beef, and on festival days, roast veal was preferred. From 1840 to 1841, with Munich having a population of about 83,000 citizens, a total of 76,979 calves were slaughtered, statically approximately one calf per citizen. The number of slaughtered cows was about 20,000.
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Thus, the encapsulation overhead is the size of the IPv4 header of 20 bytes. On Ethernet with a maximum transmission unit (MTU) of 1500 bytes, IPv6 packets of 1480 bytes may therefore be transmitted without fragmentation. 6in4 tunneling is also referred to as proto-41 static because the endpoints are configured statically. Although 6in4 tunnels are generally manually configured, the utility AICCU can configure tunnel parameters automatically after retrieving information from a Tunnel Information and Control Protocol (TIC) server.
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Splint, short for Secure Programming Lint, is a programming tool for statically checking C programs for security vulnerabilities and coding mistakes. Formerly called LCLint, it is a modern version of the Unix lint tool. Splint has the ability to interpret special annotations to the source code, which gives it stronger checking than is possible just by looking at the source alone. Splint is used by gpsd as part of an effort to design for zero defects.
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The instruction scheduling logic that makes a superscalar processor is boolean logic. In the early 1990s, a significant innovation was to realize that the coordination of a multi-ALU computer could be moved into the compiler, the software that translates a programmer's instructions into machine-level instructions. This type of computer is called a very long instruction word (VLIW) computer. Scheduling instructions statically in the compiler (versus scheduling dynamically in the processor) can reduce CPU complexity.
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" The banning order prohibited the export to Iraq and Afghanistan of "'electro-statically powered' equipment for detecting 'explosives'". McCormick was tried in March–April 2013 at the Central Criminal Court in London. The court was told that "the devices did not work and he knew they did not work. He had them manufactured so that they could be sold – and despite the fact they did not work, people bought them for a handsome but unwarranted profit.
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At the beginning of Capital, Volume III, Marx provides a clue to how he thinks the "transformation problem" is solved in reality. He implies that it can be solved only by examining capital and profit distributions as a dynamic process, rather than statically. His argument is, that what industrial competition really revolves around, is principally the difference between the value of the new commodities produced, and their cost-prices, i.e. the potential surplus-value (the trading gain) which can be realized from them.
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Church later developed a weaker system, the simply-typed lambda calculus, which extended the lambda calculus by assigning a type to all terms. This forms the basis for statically-typed functional programming. The first functional programming language, LISP, was developed in the late 1950s for the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific computers by John McCarthy while at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). LISP functions were defined using Church's lambda notation, extended with a label construct to allow recursive functions.
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This can be due to the antibodies statically interfering with the pathogens or toxins attaching to host cell receptors. In case of a virus infection, NAbs can bind to glycoproteins of enveloped viruses or capsid proteins of non-enveloped viruses. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies can act by preventing particles from undergoing structural changes often needed for successful cell entry. For example, neutralizing antibodies can prevent conformational changes of viral proteins that mediate the membrane fusion needed for entry into the host cell.
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This implementation, while academically interesting, is impractical because it renders cons cells indistinguishable from any other Scheme procedure, as well as introducing unnecessary computational inefficiencies. However, the same kind of encoding can be used for more complex algebraic data types with variants, where it may even turn out to be more efficient than other kinds of encoding. This encoding also has the advantage of being implementable in a statically typed language that doesn't have variants, such as Java, using interfaces instead of lambdas.
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While the influence lines of statically determinate structures (as mentioned above) are made up of straight line segments, the same is not true for indeterminate structures. Indeterminate structures are not considered rigid; therefore, the influence lines drawn for them will not be straight lines but rather curves. The methods above can still be used to determine the influence lines for the structure, but the work becomes much more complex as the properties of the beam itself must be taken into consideration.
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In parallel computing, work stealing is a scheduling strategy for multithreaded computer programs. It solves the problem of executing a dynamically multithreaded computation, one that can "spawn" new threads of execution, on a statically multithreaded computer, with a fixed number of processors (or cores). It does so efficiently in terms of execution time, memory usage, and inter-processor communication. In a work stealing scheduler, each processor in a computer system has a queue of work items (computational tasks, threads) to perform.
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Most campaign creatives are optimized statically, i.e., a few alternate ad creatives are developed and then tested using a split sample to select the best performing creative. This process ignores many factors (such as time-of-day, day-of-week, seasonality, geographical region, and inherent variations in user preference) that may play a significant role in the performance of the creative. By adjusting the optimal solution dynamically, DCO can account for all these factors making the optimization process more accurate and stable.
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Typically a transport triggered processor has multiple transport buses and multiple functional units connected to the buses, which provides opportunities for instruction level parallelism. The parallelism is statically defined by the programmer. In this respect (and obviously due to the large instruction word width), the TTA architecture resembles the very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture. A TTA instruction word is composed of multiple slots, one slot per bus, and each slot determines the data transport that takes place on the corresponding bus.
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Screenshot of ViewMAX file manager with user-defined colors GEM Desktop itself was spun off in 1990 as a product known as ViewMAX which was used solely as a file management shell under DR DOS. In this form the system could not run other GEM programs. This led to a situation where a number of applications (including ViewMAX) could exist all with their own statically linked copy of the GEM system. This scenario was actually rare, as few native GEM programs were published.
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C58 239 statically preserved in a park in Morioka, October 2012 The dedicated SL Ginga train locomotive C58 239 was built in June 1940 by Kawasaki Sharyo, and was based at various depots around the country, including Nagoya, Nara, and Morioka, before being withdrawn on 22 May 1972. From 1 May 1973, it was preserved in a park in Morioka, Iwate. It was moved from the park by road to JR East's Omiya Works in Saitama Prefecture in December 2012.
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Many compilers can statically check format strings and produce warnings for dangerous or suspect formats. In the GNU Compiler Collection, the relevant compiler flags are, `-Wall`,`-Wformat`, `-Wno-format-extra-args`, `-Wformat-security`, `-Wformat-nonliteral`, and `-Wformat=2`. Most of these are only useful for detecting bad format strings that are known at compile- time. If the format string may come from the user or from a source external to the application, the application must validate the format string before using it.
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Mirah does not impose a specific type system on users, instead relying on whatever the target backend provides. On the JVM, the type system is largely Java's type system, and type declarations refer to JVM classes, primitives, and interfaces. Mirah is primarily a statically-typed language, but support is in development to allow dynamic typing also. The mechanism is similar to that provided in C# 4, with a special dynamic type indicating all dispatches against that variable's value should be done dynamically.
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Like the rest of the Courier, the wings were fabric covered. Its Frise type ailerons were balanced both statically and aerodynamically. The wing was braced to the lower fuselage on each side with V-struts to the spars and the central-section joined to the upper fuselage on steel cabane struts. The outer panels folded back along the fuselage for storage or transport on outward leaning rear hinges which placed the trailing edge of the folded wing above that of the centre-section.
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Presumably, the corresponding private decryption key is configured into the SP software. If the private decryption key is compromised (or otherwise needs to be replaced), the public encryption key in the SP metadata is no longer trustworthy and must be replaced as well. Since the SP metadata is statically configured in the IdP software, only the IdP owner can replace the public encryption key in the SP metadata. In this sense, the IdP owner is responsible for the SP metadata.
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A special type of local variable, called a static local, is available in many mainstream languages (including C/C++, Visual Basic, and VB.NET) which allows a value to be retained from one call of the function to another – it is a static variable with local scope. In this case, recursive calls to the function also have access to the (single, statically allocated) variable. In all of the above languages, static variables are declared as such with a special storage class keyword (e.g., `static`).
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In static typing, all expressions have their types determined prior to when the program is executed, typically at compile-time. For example, 1 and (2+2) are integer expressions; they cannot be passed to a function that expects a string, or stored in a variable that is defined to hold dates. Statically typed languages can be either manifestly typed or type-inferred. In the first case, the programmer must explicitly write types at certain textual positions (for example, at variable declarations).
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All the rear surfaces have alloy frames and fabric covering. The rudder and elevator are both statically and aerodynamically balanced and carried trim tabs. The fuselage of the KAL-2 is a stressed skin alloy semi- monocoque with a 240 hp (179 kW) Lycoming GO-435 flat-six engine installed in the nose, driving a two blade variable-pitch propeller. The military prototypes had the -435-C2 engine variant but civil KAT-2s were intended to have a -435-C2B.
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A dielectric material is placed between two conducting plates (electrodes), each of area A and with a separation of d. In a conventional capacitor, the electric energy is stored statically by charge separation, typically electrons, in an electric field between two electrode plates. The amount of charge stored per unit voltage is essentially a function of the size of the plates, the plate material's properties, the properties of the dielectric material placed between the plates, and the separation distance (i.e. dielectric thickness).
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Often, a smaller (faster) TTFB size is seen as a benchmark of a well-configured server application. For example, a lower time to first byte could point to fewer dynamic calculations being performed by the webserver, although this is often due to caching at either the DNS, server, or application level. More commonly, a very low TTFB is observed with statically served web pages, while larger TTFB is often seen with larger, dynamic data requests being pulled from a database.
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RiscLua is an implementation of Lua to RISC OS. It has minor syntactic modifications from standard Lua so that its riscos library can provide system calls, with a syntax similar to that of BBC Basic. RiscLua has been developed since 2002 with the intention of providing for RISC OS a more modern alternative to BBC Basic. Previous versions were made with the Norcroft C compiler which had no facilities for dynamic linking. So the riscos and lpeg libraries were provided statically linked.
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Such a work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and therefore falls outside the scope of this License. Essentially, if it is a "work that uses the library", then it must be possible for the software to be linked with a newer version of the LGPL-covered program. The most commonly used method for doing so is to use "a suitable shared library mechanism for linking". Alternatively, a statically linked library is allowed if either source code or linkable object files are provided.
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Polymorphism can be distinguished by when the implementation is selected: statically (at compile time) or dynamically (at run time, typically via a virtual function). This is known respectively as static dispatch and dynamic dispatch, and the corresponding forms of polymorphism are accordingly called static polymorphism and dynamic polymorphism. Static polymorphism executes faster, because there is no dynamic dispatch overhead, but requires additional compiler support. Further, static polymorphism allows greater static analysis by compilers (notably for optimization), source code analysis tools, and human readers (programmers).
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The first PIC, the master, is the only one that directly signals the CPU. The second PIC, the slave, instead signals to the master on its IRQ 2 line, and the master passes the signal on to the CPU. There are therefore only 15 interrupt request lines available for hardware. On newer systems using the Intel APIC Architecture, typically there are 24 IRQs available, and the extra 8 IRQs are used to route PCI interrupts, avoiding conflict between dynamically configured PCI interrupts and statically configured ISA interrupts.
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This method is similar in principle to field-sequential color system by CBS and other sequential color methods such as used in Digital Light Processing (DLP). upright=0.3 The demonstration on the right mixes cyan and green-cyan statically (top) and by rapidly alternating the colors. (bottom) The size of the thumbnail has been reduced to reduce the flicker people may experience in their peripheral vision while reading the article. In a monitor that uses FRC the alternating colors would be more similar, reducing the flicker effect.
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The flag was deliberately designed with the Irish saltire slightly depressed at the hoist end to reflect the earlier union with Scotland, giving as it were seniority to the Saint Andrew's cross. When statically displayed, the hoist is on the observer's left. To fly the flag correctly, the white of St Andrew is above the red of St Patrick in the upper hoist canton (the quarter at the top nearest to the flag-pole). This is expressed by the phrases wide white top and broadside up.
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Between themselves, the kameen traded to fulfill their needs on the basis of barter or some other system of equal-value exchange. The jajmani system enabled villages to be largely self-sufficient economic entities that operated statically for subsistence rather dynamically with the intention of growth and exchange of economic product elsewhere. There was a spate of academic studies of the system around the late 1950s and early 1960s and it was still reported as existing in rural areas of India in the 1970s.
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A more recent innovation is the horizontal mortiser, which incorporates a router mounted statically on its side with the workpiece clamped to a multi-axis sliding table. This type of mortiser can produce either traditional mortise and tenon pairs, however it excels at floating (or 'loose') tenons. A floating tenon is where both the pieces of wood that are to be joined have aligned mortises cut into them and a separate piece of wood is milled into a fitted tenon which is glued into the two mortises.
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Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine and also compiles to JavaScript or native code (via LLVM). The name comes from the Kotlin Island, near St. Petersburg. Kotlin is designed to be an industrial-strength object-oriented language, and a "better language" than Java, but still be fully interoperable with Java code, allowing companies to make a gradual migration from Java to Kotlin. On May 7, 2019, Google declared Kotlin its preferred language for Android applications development.
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In June 2015, it was announced that the support of Eclipse ADT would be discontinued making Android Studio the official tool for Android App development. MPS, short for meta programming system, and Kotlin, a statically typed programming language for JVM, are both open source and non-commercial. In January 2020, JetBrains released a geometric monospaced font called JetBrains Mono as the default font for their IDEs under the Apache License 2.0. It has a larger x-height than Consolas, Fira Mono, or Source Code Pro.
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Instead, the terms "object-based" and "object-oriented" are normally used as mutually exclusive alternatives, rather than as categories that overlap. Sometimes, the term "object-based" is applied to prototype-based languages, true object-oriented languages that do not have classes, but in which objects instead inherit their code and data directly from other "template" objects. An example of a commonly used prototype-based scripting language is JavaScript. Both object-based and object-oriented languages (whether class-based or prototype-based) may be statically type-checked.
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In computer programming, the return type (or result type) defines and constrains the data type of the value returned from a subroutine or method. In many programming languages (especially statically-typed programming languages such as C, C++, Java) the return type must be explicitly specified when declaring a function. In the Java example: public void setShuma(int n1, int n2) { Shuma = n1 + n2 } public int getShuma() { return Shuma; } the return type is int. The program can therefore rely on the method returning a value of type int.
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The main feature of the Britalus engine is an enclosed barrel-shaped cylinder block carrying compressor and expander pistons and rotating within a compact three-lobed stationary housing. The pistons carry rollers that follow an internal cam, causing the reciprocal motion of the pistons for compression and expansion. The rotor is statically and dynamically balanced and thereby operates with minimal vibration. A sleeve pinion gear on the rear of the rotor connects to a layshaft spur gear and provides the output shaft drive to the connected load.
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Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high- level programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design by contract (DbC), extremely strong typing, explicit concurrency, tasks, synchronous message passing, protected objects, and non-determinism. Ada improves code safety and maintainability by using the compiler to find errors in favor of runtime errors. Ada is an international technical standard, jointly defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
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This can serve as added program documentation, that is active and dynamic, instead of static. This allows a compiler to prevent it from drifting out of synchrony, and from being ignored by programmers. However, a language can be statically typed without requiring type declarations (examples include Haskell, Scala, OCaml, F#, and to a lesser extent C# and C++), so explicit type declaration is not a necessary requirement for static typing in all languages. Dynamic typing allows constructs that some static type checking would reject as illegal.
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A statically determinate beam, bending (sagging) under a uniformly distributed load A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam.
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The file system uses an index table stored on the device to identify chains of data storage areas associated with a file, the File Allocation Table (FAT). The FAT is statically allocated at the time of formatting. The table is a linked list of entries for each cluster, a contiguous area of disk storage. Each entry contains either the number of the next cluster in the file, or else a marker indicating the end of the file, unused disk space, or special reserved areas of the disk.
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In statically typed languages such as Java or ML, a variable also has a type, meaning that only certain kinds of values can be stored in it. For example, a variable of type "integer" is prohibited from storing text values. In dynamically typed languages such as Python, they are values, not variables, which carry type. In Common Lisp, both situations exist simultaneously: A variable is given a type (if undeclared, it is assumed to be `T`, the universal supertype) which exists at compile time.
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In D version 2, all static and global variables are thread- local by default and are declared with syntax similar to "normal" global and static variables in other languages. Global variables must be explicitly requested using the shared keyword: int threadLocal; // This is a thread- local variable. shared int global; // This is a global variable shared with all threads. The shared keyword works both as the storage class, and as a type qualifier – shared variables are subject to some restrictions which statically enforce data integrity.
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Polities do not need to be in control of any geographic areas, as not all political entities and governments have controlled the resources of one fixed geographic area. The historical Steppe Empires originating from the Eurasian Steppe are the most prominent example of non-sedentary polities. These polities differ from states because of their lack of a fixed, defined territory. Empires also differ from states in that their territories are not statically defined or permanently fixed and consequently that their body politic was also dynamic and fluid.
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Various algorithms exist to construct or approximate the statically optimal tree given the information on the access probabilities of the elements. In the dynamic optimality problem, the tree can be modified at any time, typically by permitting tree rotations. The tree is considered to have a cursor starting at the root which it can move or use to perform modifications. In this case, there exists some minimal-cost sequence of these operations which causes the cursor to visit every node in the target access sequence in order.
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The rudder and elevator are both statically and aerodynamically balanced and carry trim tabs. The fuselage of the KAT-1 is a stressed skin alloy semi-monocoque, with a 240 hp (179 kW) Lycoming GO-435 flat-six engine installed in the nose, driving a two-blade variable-pitch propeller. Student and instructor occupy tandem cockpits fitted with dual controls under individual sliding sections in the continuous glazing. The KAT-1 has a retractable tricycle undercarriage with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers and hydraulic brakes.
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Self- modifying code is sometimes used to overcome limitations in a machine's instruction set. For example, in the Intel 8080 instruction set, one cannot input a byte from an input port that is specified in a register. The input port is statically encoded in the instruction itself, as the second byte of a two byte instruction. Using self-modifying code, it is possible to store a register's contents into the second byte of the instruction, then execute the modified instruction in order to achieve the desired effect.
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Moreover, it is weakly typed in some of the same ways that Perl is: one can insert a string into an integer column (although SQLite will try to convert the string to an integer first, if the column's preferred type is integer). This adds flexibility to columns, especially when bound to a dynamically typed scripting language. However, the technique is not portable to other SQL products. A common criticism is that SQLite's type system lacks the data integrity mechanism provided by statically typed columns in other products.
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This is more of a risk when people fully extend their limbs in such movements and do not come to a controlled stop at the end, limiting muscle flexion. Generally, the muscle being extended is more at risk, not one held statically. For example, the quadriceps muscle could overexert in a snap kick trained with ankle weights, but in a rising kick, it is the hip flexor muscle more likely to overextend. In either case, the hamstring and associated ligaments would be at risk for a tear.
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The stations remain in a standby status, their facilities being maintained by civilian contractors. The mission of the Eleventh Air Force moved from statically defending Alaska against a bomber threat to committing its forces to worldwide deployment. The shift from a Major Command to an Objective Numbered Air Force was among the most drastic reorganizations undertaken anywhere in the Air Force. Air Force personnel in Alaska were also fully integrated into the Air and Space Expeditionary Force deployment cycles, supporting operations as part of the Global War on Terrorism.
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Experimental configurations used to study free surface flows. From left: liquid bridge, dripping, jetting Capillary thinning and breakup of complex fluids can be studied using different configurations. Historically, mainly three types of free-surface conformations have been employed in experiments: statically-unstable liquid bridges, dripping from a nozzle under gravity and continuous jets. Even though the initial evolution of the capillary instability is affected by the type of conformation used, each configurations capture the same phenomenon at the last stages close to breakup, where thinning dynamics is dominated by fluid properties exclusively.
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The second quantitative information that can be extracted is the apparent extensional viscosity. Despite the great potential of the CaBER, this technique also presents a number of experimental challenges, mainly related to the susceptibility to solvent evaporation and the creation of a statically-unstable bridge of very low visco-elastic fluids, for which the fluid filament often happens to break already during the stretch phase. Different modifications of the commercial instrument have been presented to overcome these issues. Amongst others: the use of surrounding media different than air and the Slow Retraction Method (SRM).
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The ' (POA) is the CORBA object responsible for splitting the server side remote invocation handler into the remote object and its servant. The object is exposed for the remote invocations, while the servant contains the methods that are actually handling the requests. The servant for each object can be chosen either statically (once) or dynamically (for each remote invocation), in both cases allowing the call forwarding to another server. On the server side, the POAs form a tree-like structure, where each POA is responsible for one or more objects being served.
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Nonreciprocal gyromagnetic devices such as resonant isolators and differential phase shifters depend on a microwave signal presenting a rotating (circularly polarized) magnetic field to a statically magnetized ferrite body. CPW can be designed to produce just such a rotating magnetic field in the two slots between the central and side conductors. The dielectric substrate has no direct effect on the magnetic field of a microwave signal travelling along the CPW line. For the magnetic field, the CPW is then symmetrical in the plane of the metalization, between the substrate side and the air side.
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Almost all wind shear and all the potential temperature gradient in the CBL are confined in the surface layer. (2) The Mixed layer composing the middle 35 to 80% of CBL is characterized by conserved variables such as potential temperature, wind speed and moisture. (3) The Entrainment zone (or Capping inversion) can be quite thick, averaging about 40% of the depth of the CBL. It is the region of statically stable air at the top of the mixed layer, where there is entrainment of free atmosphere air downward and overshooting thermals upward.
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An emf is induced in a coil or conductor whenever there is change in the flux linkages. Depending on the way in which the changes are brought about, there are two types: When the conductor is moved in a stationary magnetic field to procure a change in the flux linkage, the emf is statically induced. The electromotive force generated by motion is often referred to as motional emf. When the change in flux linkage arises from a change in the magnetic field around the stationary conductor, the emf is dynamically induced.
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If a system is initially unbalanced, to avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate smoothly as the centre of mass is to the side of the centre bearing. The spokes on a bike wheel need to be tuned in order to stop this and keep the wheel operating as efficiently as possible.
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Despite its promulgation in the 1980s through UNIX and Windows, some systems still chose not to add—or even to remove—dynamic loading. For example, Plan 9 from Bell Labs and its successor 9front intentionally avoid dynamic linking, as they consider it to be "harmful". The Go programming language, by some of the same developers as Plan 9, also did not support dynamic linking, but plugin loading is available since Go 1.8 (February 2017). The Go runtime and any library functions are statically linked into the compiled binary.
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To go into tiptoe, the ankle must be flexed to raise the heel off the ground. This requires the engagement of the calf muscle, along with various other muscles in the foot and shin to stabilize the joint. Even with this, the form is often less stable, requiring the engaging of muscles within the torso and a better sense of weight for the person to stay balanced. There is generally some movement, even subtle, in the ankle, as holding it statically would make balance difficult, so it is the first to give.
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The original style of cantilever bridge Engineers in the 19th century understood that a bridge that was continuous across multiple supports would distribute the loads among them. This would result in lower stresses in the girder or truss and meant that longer spans could be built. Several 19th- century engineers patented continuous bridges with hinge points mid-span. The use of a hinge in the multi-span system presented the advantages of a statically determinate system and of a bridge that could handle differential settlement of the foundations.
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Hampson, "Improvements relating to the progressive refrigerating of gases", British patent 10,165 (filed: May 23, 1895). and Carl von Linde in GermanyLinde, Carl, "Verfahren zur Verflüssigung atmosphärischer Luft oder anderer Gase" (Method for the liquefication of atmospheric air or other gases), German patent 88,824 (filed: June 5, 1895). independently developed and patented the Hampson–Linde cycle to liquefy air using the Joule–Thomson expansion process and regenerative cooling.Hydrogen through the Nineteenth Century On 10 May 1898, James Dewar used regenerative cooling to become the first to statically liquefy hydrogen.
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In IoC, the code could also be linked statically during compilation, but finding the code to execute by reading its description from external configuration instead of with a direct reference in the code itself. In dependency injection, a dependent object or module is coupled to the object it needs at run time. Which particular object will satisfy the dependency during program execution typically cannot be known at compile time using static analysis. While described in terms of object interaction here, the principle can apply to other programming methodologies besides object-oriented programming.
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As one of the methods of structural analysis, the direct stiffness method, also known as the matrix stiffness method, is particularly suited for computer-automated analysis of complex structures including the statically indeterminate type. It is a matrix method that makes use of the members' stiffness relations for computing member forces and displacements in structures. The direct stiffness method is the most common implementation of the finite element method (FEM). In applying the method, the system must be modeled as a set of simpler, idealized elements interconnected at the nodes.
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Accurate structural analysis of statically indeterminate beams and frames could be performed by hand using the moment distribution method. In this method, the fixed-end moments in the framing members are gradually distributed to adjacent members in a number of steps such that the system eventually reaches its natural equilibrium configuration. However the method was still an approximation but it could be solved to be very close to the actual solution. The Hardy Cross method is essentially the Jacobi iterative scheme applied to the displacement formulation of structural analysis.
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A restriction of System F known as "Hindley–Milner", or simply "HM", does have an easy type inference algorithm and is used for many statically typed functional programming languages such as Haskell 98 and the ML family. Over time, as the restrictions of HM-style type systems have become apparent, languages have steadily moved to more expressive logics for their type systems. GHC a Haskell compiler, goes beyond HM (as of 2008) and uses System F extended with non-syntactic type equality; non-HM features in OCaml's type system include GADT.
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Ceylon is strongly and statically typed, but also has support for type inference. The `value` keyword is used to infer the type of a variable, and the `function` keyword is used to infer the type of a function. The following two definition pairs are each equivalent: Integer i = 3; value i = 3; Integer add(Integer i1, Integer i2) { return i1 + i2; } function add(Integer i1, Integer i2) { return i1 + i2; } However, to make single-pass type inference possible, type inference is only allowed for non-toplevel and unshared declarations.
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One is the amount of memory that is available: one cannot construct a lookup table larger than the space available for the table, although it is possible to construct disk-based lookup tables at the expense of lookup time. The other is the time required to compute the table values in the first instance; although this usually needs to be done only once, if it takes a prohibitively long time, it may make the use of a lookup table an inappropriate solution. As previously stated however, tables can be statically defined in many cases.
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The NMES is a registered charity (No 532259) and the museum has received Accredited Museum status from Arts Council England, the government body responsible for museums policy. The museum is open most Wednesdays and Sundays between 10 am and 2 pm when visitors can view the engines statically when volunteers are working at the museum. Special Open Days are held each year on Bank Holidays weekends when the engines are working under steam power. However, visits by genuine enthusiasts or organised groups can always be accommodated by prior arrangement.
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The CANDU reactor has two low-temperature and low-pressure water systems surrounding the fuel (i.e. moderator and shield tank) that act as back-up heat sinks and preclude meltdowns and core-breaching scenarios. Liquid fueled reactors can be stopped by draining the fuel into tankage, which not only prevents further fission but draws decay heat away statically, and by drawing off the fission products (which are the source of post-shutdown heating) incrementally. The ideal is to have reactors that fail-safe through physics rather than through redundant safety systems or human intervention.
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Actual values of these lengths depend on cross-sections and load distributions. But detailed analyses have shown that it is sufficiently accurate to consider beams rigid-plastic, with plasticity confined to plastic hinges at points. While this assumption is sufficient for limit state analysis, finite element formulations are available to account for the spread of plasticity along plastic hinge lengths. By inserting a plastic hinge at a plastic limit load into a statically determinate beam, a kinematic mechanism permitting an unbounded displacement of the system can be formed.
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As Bjarne Stroustrup notes, "one problem with Algol60 was that no one knew how to implement it." A major new challenge in Algol 60 implementation was the run-time allocation and management of data. In 1960, Dijkstra and Zonneveld showed how recursive procedures could be executed using a run-time stack of activation records, and how to efficiently access identifiers from statically enclosing scopes using the so-called display. The ALGOL 60 compiler was one of the first to support recursion employing a novel method to do so.
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For example, in C: x = 5; x = x + 1; // {x > 1} The braces included in the comment help distinguish this use of a comment from other uses. Libraries may provide assertion features as well. For example, in C using glibc with C99 support: #include int f(void) { int x = 5; x = x + 1; assert(x > 1); } Several modern programming languages include checked assertions – statements that are checked at runtime or sometimes statically. If an assertion evaluates to false at runtime, an assertion failure results, which typically causes execution to abort.
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Some dynamically typed languages such as Common Lisp allow optional type declarations for optimization for this reason. By contrast, dynamic typing may allow compilers to run faster and interpreters to dynamically load new code, because changes to source code in dynamically typed languages may result in less checking to perform and less code to revisit. This too may reduce the edit-compile-test-debug cycle. Statically typed languages that lack type inference (such as C and Java prior to version 10) require that programmers declare the types that a method or function must use.
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Gradual typing is a type system in which variables may be assigned a type either at compile-time (which is static typing) or at run-time (which is dynamic typing), allowing software developers to choose either type paradigm as appropriate, from within a single language. In particular, gradual typing uses a special type named dynamic to represent statically-unknown types, and gradual typing replaces the notion of type equality with a new relation called consistency that relates the dynamic type to every other type. The consistency relation is symmetric but not transitive.
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Prior to execution, a program must first be written. This is generally done in source code, which is then compiled at compile time (and statically linked at link time) to an executable. This executable is then invoked, most often by an operating system, which loads the program into memory (load time), possibly performs dynamic linking, and then begins execution by moving control to the entry point of the program; all these steps depend on the Application Binary Interface of the operating system. At this point execution begins and the program enters run time.
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SCM runs on many different operating systems such as AmigaOS (also emulation), Linux, Atari-ST, macOS (SCM Mac), DOS, OS/2, NOS/VE, Unicos, VMS, Unix, and similar systems. SCM includes Hobbit, a Scheme-to-C compiler written originally in 2002 by Tanel Tammet. It generates C files which binaries can be dynamically or statically linked with an SCM executable. SCM includes linkable modules for SLIB features like sequence comparison, arrays, records, and byte- number conversions, and modules for Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) system calls and network sockets, Readline, curses, and Xlib.
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For example, if the timing specified by the manufacturer was set at 12 degrees BTDC initially and adjusted to 11 degrees BTDC, it would be referred to as retarded. In a classic ignition system with breaker points, the basic timing can be set statically using a test light or dynamically using the timing marks and a timing light. Timing advance is required because it takes time to burn the air-fuel mixture. Igniting the mixture before the piston reaches TDC will allow the mixture to fully burn soon after the piston reaches TDC.
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PHP extensions can be compiled statically into PHP or loaded dynamically at runtime. Numerous extensions have been written to add support for the Windows API, process management on Unix- like operating systems, multibyte strings (Unicode), cURL, and several popular compression formats. Other PHP features made available through extensions include integration with IRC, dynamic generation of images and Adobe Flash content, PHP Data Objects (PDO) as an abstraction layer used for accessing databases, and even speech synthesis. Some of the language's core functions, such as those dealing with strings and arrays, are also implemented as extensions.
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Each instruction is in static single assignment form (SSA), meaning that each variable (called a typed register) is assigned once and then frozen. This helps simplify the analysis of dependencies among variables. LLVM allows code to be compiled statically, as it is under the traditional GCC system, or left for late-compiling from the IR to machine code via just-in- time compilation (JIT), similar to Java. The type system consists of basic types such as integer or floating point numbers and five derived types: pointers, arrays, vectors, structures, and functions.
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The church circumference was reinforced by a concrete ring and the church was gripped by a steel framework construction on the inner as well as outer sides. The preparation work lasted seven years, as it was also necessary to demolish all houses in the transfer path and fill in the former opencast mine. 53 transport trucks were set on special rails, which were inserted under all statically important points of the building. These transport trucks worked using computer controlled hydraulics, as were four booms used to pull the church.
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This can be done per-file, per-function or even on any arbitrary code fragment; the code can be compiled when it is about to be executed (hence the name "just-in-time"), and then cached and reused later without needing to be recompiled. In contrast, a traditional interpreted virtual machine will simply interpret the bytecode, generally with much lower performance. Some interpreters even interpret source code, without the step of first compiling to bytecode, with even worse performance. Statically-compiled code or native code is compiled prior to deployment.
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As a result, no runtime compilation is needed. .NET framework 2.0 shipped with Visual Studio 2005 runs Ngen on all of the Microsoft library DLLs right after the installation. Pre-jitting provides a way to improve the startup time. However, the quality of code it generates might not be as good as the one that is JITed, for the same reasons why code compiled statically, without profile-guided optimization, cannot be as good as JIT compiled code in the extreme case: the lack of profiling data to drive, for instance, inline caching.
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In a stateful firewall the circuit-level gateway is a proxy server that operates at the network level of an Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and statically defines what traffic will be allowed. Circuit proxies will forward Network packets (formatted unit of data ) containing a given port number, if the port is permitted by the algorithm. The main advantage of a proxy server is its ability to provide Network Address Translation (NAT), which can hide the user's IP address from the Internet, effectively protecting all internal information from the Internet.
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SPI's RapiDev Tools Suite leverages the predictability of stream processing to provide a fast path to optimized results using C programming. Starting with C reference code, the Fast Functional Debugger (FFD) library plugs into standard tools, such as Microsoft Visual Studio and GNU, and simulates the DPU to support re- structuring code to kernels and streams. Because kernels are statically scheduled and data movement is explicit, DPU cycle-accuracy can be obtained even at this functional high level. This is one source of the predictability of the architecture.
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Besides true environment variables, which are statically stored in the environment until changed or deleted, a number of pseudo-environment variables exist for batch processing. The so-called replacement parameters or replaceable parameters (Microsoft / IBM terminology) aka replacement variables (Digital Research / Novell / Caldera terminology) or batch file parameters (JP Software terminology) `%1`..`%9` and `%0` can be used to retrieve the calling parameters of a batchjob, see `SHIFT`. In batchjobs, they can be retrieved just like environment variables, but are not actually stored in the environment. Some command-line processors (like DR-DOS `COMMAND.
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In programming language theory, flow-sensitive typing (or flow typing) is a type system where the type of an expression depends on its position in the control flow. In statically typed languages, a type of an expression is determined by the types of the sub-expressions that compose it. However, in flow-sensitive typing, an expression's type may be updated to a more specific type if it follows a statement that validates its type. The type is determined by using type inference and type information is carried using algebraic data types.
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The 18F blog provided a detailed description of the technology stack used to build the website, which was picked up by Hacker News and formed the basis of a more picture-heavy version in Storify. The data is collected through a unified Google Analytics account that stores anonymized IP addresses to preserve privacy. This is periodically queried using an open source analytics tool built by 18F called the analytics reporter, whose repository is available on GitHub. The JSON result is stored to Amazon S3 and served statically through Amazon CloudFront.
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An Arc Strike is a discontinuity resulting from an arc, consisting of any localized remelted metal, heat affected metal, or change in the surface profile of any metal object. AWS A3.0: 2020 - Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Arc Strikes result in localized base metal heating and very rapid cooling. When located outside the intended weld area, they may result on hardening or localized cracking, and may serve as potential sites for initiating fracture. In Statically Loaded Structures, arc strikes need not be removed, unless such removal is required in contract documents.
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Boulderers also keep their arms straight with their shoulders engaged whenever feasible, allowing their bones to support their body weight rather than their muscles. Bouldering movements are described as either "static" or "dynamic". Static movements are those that are performed slowly, with the climber's position controlled by maintaining contact on the boulder with the other three limbs. Dynamic movements use the climber's momentum to reach holds that would be difficult or impossible to secure statically, with an increased risk of falling if the movement is not performed accurately.
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Mikoyan proceeded with the preliminary design of both the MFI and LFI with participation from numerous institutions, which assisted in the progressive definition of the designs. TsAGI (Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, "Central Aero- and Hydrodynamic Institute") was responsible for collecting wind tunnel test results, which, along with theoretical studies, were vital during this phase of development. The institution recommended that Mikoyan include canards for the MFI, since it offers great agility and lift, the latter important as the MFI was a statically unstable design. The delta wings then had a wing leading edge sweep of 40–45°.
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He also recorded a career-high 22 rebounds in a single game and was crowned the Austrian Dunk Contest Champion, which highlighted his season. In the 2011-2012 season he again helped the Kapfenberg Bulls make the playoffs and the season ended in the semi finals, with the Bulls losing the series 3-2 in a best of five. Gordon improved his statically contribution averaging 14.7 points, 8.4 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game, while shooting a very impressive 65.2% from the field. In August 2012 Gordon signed with German Club Phoenix Hagen where he played 3 consecutive seasons (2012-2015).
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Before attitude control can be performed, the current attitude must be determined. Attitude cannot be measured directly by any single measurement, and so must be calculated (or estimated) from a set of measurements (often using different sensors). This can be done either statically (calculating the attitude using only the measurements currently available), or through the use of a statistical filter (most commonly, the Kalman filter) that statistically combine previous attitude estimates with current sensor measurements to obtain an optimal estimate of the current attitude. For some sensors and applications (such as spacecraft using magnetometers) the precise location must also be known.
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Phase Distinction is a property of programming languages that observe a strict division between types and terms. A concise rule for determining whether phase distinction is preserved in a language or not has been proposed by Luca Cardelli - If A is a compile-time term and B is a subterm of A, then B must also be a compile-time term. Most statically typed languages conform to the principle of phase distinction. However, some languages with especially flexible and expressive type systems (notably dependently typed programming languages) allow types to be manipulated in the same ways as regular terms.
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When the program calls the `speak` function on a `Cat` reference (which can refer to an instance of `Cat`, or an instance of `HouseCat` or `Lion`), the code must be able to determine which implementation of the function the call should be dispatched to. This depends on the actual class of the object, not the class of the reference to it (`Cat`). The class cannot generally be determined statically (that is, at compile time), so neither can the compiler decide which function to call at that time. The call must be dispatched to the right function dynamically (that is, at run time) instead.
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Nano-RK has implemented a double-linked list of ready queue nodes within a fixed-size array, termed the ready queue, that orders All ready tasks in decreasing order by whichever of the task’s priorities is higher. As the number of tasks running within the Nano-RK implementation is statically-configured in a testbed before deployment, the ready queue size is also fixed to this number of tasks that can be ready to run. A fixed-length array named nrk readyQ is found within the nrk defs.h file along with two pointers to reference the two most important cells within this array.
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When creating container classes in statically typed languages, it is inconvenient to write specific implementations for each datatype contained, especially if the code for each datatype is virtually identical. For example, in C++, this duplication of code can be circumvented by defining a class template: template class List { // Class contents. }; List list_of_animals; List list_of_cars; Above, `T` is a placeholder for whatever type is specified when the list is created. These "containers-of-type-T", commonly called templates, allow a class to be reused with different datatypes as long as certain contracts such as subtypes and signature are kept.
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A shared library or shared object is a file that is intended to be shared by executable files and further shared object files. Modules used by a program are loaded from individual shared objects into memory at load time or runtime, rather than being copied by a linker when it creates a single monolithic executable file for the program. Shared libraries can be statically linked during compile-time, meaning that references to the library modules are resolved and the modules are allocated memory when the executable file is created. But often linking of shared libraries is postponed until they are loaded.
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In a load-sharing anchor, each individual anchor is connected to a main anchor point. The load-sharing anchor is said to be equalized if the load force is distributed equally to each individual anchor. This is accomplished by adjusting the length of each connecting member (between the main anchor point and an individual anchor) while pulling the main anchor in the anticipated direction of the load. Anchors can be either pre-equalized, in which the anchor is statically equalized between anchor points during rigging, or self-equalizing, in which the anchor system dynamically adjusts tension between anchor points during use.
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Note that the deflections necessary to develop the stresses indicated in a plastic analysis are generally excessive, frequently to the point of incompatibility with the function of the structure. Therefore, separate analysis may be required to ensure design deflection limits are not exceeded. Also, since working materials into the plastic range can lead to permanent deformation of the structure, additional analyses may be required at limit load to ensure no detrimental permanent deformations occur. The large deflections and stiffness changes usually associated with plastic bending can significantly change the internal load distribution, particularly in statically indeterminate beams.
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However, in mid-1999, log trains began running to Bairnsdale again, and the passenger service to Bairnsdale resumed on 3 May 2004. The original site of Sale station is now the Gippsland Centre Shopping Centre, although the signal box, level crossing gates, and two semaphore signals are statically preserved in situ. To the west of the station, the Sale Industrial Sidings remain in place but unused, as do the goods sidings. The sidings across from the platform were regularly used to allow Bairnsdale to Geelong log trains to cross passenger services, but log trains have ceased running.
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With unarticulated wheels, climbing obstacles will cause the body of a vehicle to tilt. If the vehicle's center of mass moves outside of the wheelbase or axle track, the vehicle becomes statically unstable, and will tend to tip over. At speed, a vehicle can become dynamically unstable – that is, it can be tipped over by an obstacle smaller than its static stability limit, or by excessive acceleration or tight turning. Suspension systems often mitigate the tendency of wheeled vehicles to overturn, but unlike fully articulated limbs, they do not provide any ability to recover from an overturned position.
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In particular, gradual typing uses a special type named dynamic to represent statically-unknown types, and gradual typing replaces the notion of type equality with a new relation called consistency that relates the dynamic type to every other type. The consistency relation is symmetric but not transitive. Prior attempts at integrating static and dynamic typing tried to make the dynamic type be both the top and bottom of the subtype hierarchy. However, because subtyping is transitive, that results in every type becoming related to every other type, and so subtyping would no longer rule out any static type errors.
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The compiler flags type-checking conflicts at compile time if it can determine at compile time that they will never succeed. Objective-C has gradual typing for object pointers with respect to method calls. Static typing is used when a variable is typed as pointer to a certain class of object: when a method call is made to the variable, the compiler statically checks that the class is declared to support such a method, or it generates a warning or error. However, if a variable of the type `id` is used, the compiler will allow any method to be called on it.
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The C6 Atlantic was designed as a high-wing monoplane, four-seat executive tourer,Jackson 1973, p. 288 powered by a 185 hp (138 kW) Continental E-185-10 piston engine and based on the Auster J/5T with a tricycle landing gear and other modern items such as control wheels.Wenham 2015, p52Hitchman 2006, p154 One aircraft was built which, as a fitted out fuselage registered G-APHT, UK Civil Aviation Authority record for G-APHT was statically displayed at the 1957 SBAC Show at Farnborough. Subsequently a pair of Autocrat wings were fitted and early flight tests were encouraging.
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Static application security testing (SAST) is used to secure software by reviewing the source code of the software to identify sources of vulnerabilities. Although the process of statically analyzing the source code has existed as long as computers have existed, the technique spread to security in the late 90s and the first public discussion of SQL injection in 1998.tv when Web applications integrated new technologies like JavaScript and Flash. Unlike dynamic application security testing (DAST) tools for black-box testing of application functionality, SAST tools focus on the code content of the application, white-box testing.
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A major distinction is whether an object's lifetime is deterministic or non-deterministic. This varies by language, and within language varies with the memory allocation of an object; object lifetime may be distinct from variable lifetime. Objects with static memory allocation, notably objects stored in static variables, and classes modules (if classes or modules are themselves objects, and statically allocated), have a subtle non-determinism in many languages: while their lifetime appears to coincide with the run time of the program, the order of creation and destruction – which static object is created first, which second, etc. – is generally nondeterministic.
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Most execution models allow varying degrees of both. For example, the C language fixes the order of work within a statement and it fixes the order of all statements, except ones that involve an IF statement or a form of loop statement. Hence, most of the order of execution may be chosen statically, before execution begins, but a small portion must be chosen dynamically, as execution proceeds. The static choices are most often implemented inside a compiler, in which case the order of work is represented by the order in which instructions are placed into the executable binary.
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Pipe bombs can fail to explode if the gas pressure buildup is too slow, resulting in bleed-out through the detonator ignition hole. Insufficiently tight threading can also bleed gas pressure through the threads faster than the chemical reaction pressure can rise. They can also fail if the pipe is fully sealed and the chemical reaction triggered, but the total pressure buildup from the chemicals is insufficient to exceed the casing strength; such a bomb is a dud, but still potentially dangerous if handled, since an external shock could trigger rupture of the statically pressurized casing.
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A type checker for a statically typed language must verify that the type of any expression is consistent with the type expected by the context in which that expression appears. For example, in an assignment statement of the form `x := e`, the inferred type of the expression `e` must be consistent with the declared or inferred type of the variable `x`. This notion of consistency, called compatibility, is specific to each programming language. If the type of `e` and the type of `x` are the same, and assignment is allowed for that type, then this is a valid expression.
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The crossing pier, which was statically important for the timber frame, was entirely decorated with grand carvings (as can be seen in the image): Patriarch Abraham was depicted on the bottom alongside a ram with golden scales above. At the bottom of the girder a metal arm was attached to the building, holding golden scales. The name of the house seems to be derived from this object. The arm was located above the front door until 1899 and originates from the times when houses needed a clear, visual identifier due to the lack of house numbering.
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Initialization is distinct from (and preceded by) declaration, although the two can sometimes be conflated in practice. The complement of initialization is finalization, which is primarily used for objects, but not variables. Initialization is done either by statically embedding the value at compile time, or else by assignment at run time. A section of code that performs such initialization is generally known as "initialization code" and may include other, one-time-only, functions such as opening files; in object-oriented programming, initialization code may be part of a constructor (class method) or an initializer (instance method).
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"Express" Kolawa co-authored two books on Development Testing and Software Testing In 2001, Kolawa was awarded the Los Angeles Ernst & Young's Entrepreneur of the Year Award in the Software category."Entrepreneur of the Year" Los Angeles Business Journal June 18, 2001 Kolawa was granted 20 patents for software technologies he has invented. His patents include runtime memory error detection technology (Patent and - granted in 1998), statically analyzing source code quality using rules (Patent - granted in 1999), and automated unit test case generation technology (Patent and - granted in 1998).Patent search for Kolawa, Adam at www.uspto.
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The game also features more diversity in Forerunner structures, including fully active Forerunner technology as opposed to the mostly inert and abandoned structures seen in the earlier games. The majority of the game is lit statically using lightmaps; this allowed the art team to achieve realistic lighting effects with full global illumination and ambient occlusion. Image-based lighting is also used to ground scenes and make everything fit together better. The cooperative Spartan Ops mode originally began as a Firefight-type mode, similar to that featured in Halo: Reach, but was composed of different objective-oriented mission types.
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The railway owns eight former New Zealand Railways DJ class locomotives, six of which are currently operational and certified for mainline operation. They are painted in a variant of the modified New Zealand Railways scheme carried by the class in the 1980s, where the low nose sides are painted blue instead of yellow and grey cab front. A seventh, DJ3021 (ex-DJ 1202), was stored in the Middlemarch goods shed pending future restoration after it was purchased from its former home at Ranfurly station where it was statically displayed. It is now stored in Dunedin awaiting restoration.
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The Collyer Monument is historically significant as an example of "the representational, statically monumental approach favored by most American sculptors in the last quarter of the nineteenth century." The monument is also one of the first-known civic sculptures in Pawtucket and serves as a representation of civic pride and artistry in memorializing a local who was held in utmost respect by its citizens. The dedication of this monument came on the concluding day of Pawtucket's Cotton Centenary Celebration in 1890 and was attended by Governor John W. Davis. The Collyer Monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
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Beacon high schools in Beijing () is a system used by the municipal government of Beijing, China to designate model high schools. Traditionally, some high schools in China have been statically designated as "key schools", which are associated with academic prestige and preferential resource allocation. Over the last decade, the municipality is in the process of changing it into a beacon high school (示范高中) system, which is subject to specific criterion and periodic reviews. The long-term goal is to establish about 60 "large in scale, well-equipped and high quality" high schools, as examples of excellence.
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The C++ classes represent the data stored in XML as a statically-typed, tree-like object model and support fully in-memory as well as partially in-memory/partially event- driven XML processing. The C++/Parser mapping generates validating C++ parser skeletons for data types defined in XML Schema. One can then implement these parser skeletons to build a custom in-memory representation or perform immediate processing as parts of the XML documents become available. Similarly, the Embedded C++/Serializer mapping generates validating C++ serializer skeletons for types defined in XML Schema which can be used to serialize application data to XML.
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Another example is the NES-to-x86 statically recompiled version of the videogame Super Mario Bros. which was generated under usage of LLVM in 2013. In 2004 Scott Elliott and Phillip R. Hutchinson at Nintendo developed a tool to generate "C" code from Game Boy binary that could then be compiled for a new platform and linked against a hardware library for use in airline entertainment systems. In 1995 Norman Ramsey at Bell Communications Research and Mary F. Fernandez at Department of Computer Science, Princeton University developed The New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit that had the basic tools for static assembly translation.
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As a real-time controller, PP250 provided fail-safe software applications for computerized telephone and military communication systems with decades of software and hardware reliability. Capability limited addressing detects and recovers from errors on contact without any harmful corruption or information theft. Furthermore, no unfair, default privileges exist for an operating system or a superuser, thereby blocking all hacking and malware. The multiprocessing hardware architecture and the dynamically bound, type limited memory, exclusively accessed through capability limited addressing, replace the statically bound, page based linear compilations with dynamically bound instructions, crosschecked and authorized at run time.
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Ramp shooters are robots that use the height of the ramp to greatly reduce the distance that they must propel the ball. Ramp shooters drive up to their wall and fire balls through a high- mounted shooting mechanism that is statically aimed directly at the goal. Ramp shooters have a disadvantage from floor shooters as they must traverse the ramp, risking tipping, and can only shoot from one location directly in front of the goal. Defense against a ramp shooter is simply to sit in position on top of the ramp, or keep them from getting up the ramp.
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The force from the tailplane is proportional to its angle of attack, including the effects of any elevator deflection and any adjustment the pilot has made to trim-out any stick force. In addition, the tail is located in the flow field of the main wing, and consequently experiences downwash, reducing its angle of attack. In a statically stable aircraft of conventional (tail in rear) configuration, the tailplane force may act upward or downward depending on the design and the flight conditions..p.19p.20p.21 In a typical canard aircraft both fore and aft planes are lifting surfaces.
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While the O(n2) time taken by Knuth's algorithm is substantially better than the exponential time required for a brute-force search, it is still too slow to be practical when the number of elements in the tree is very large. In 1975, Kurt Mehlhorn published a paper proving that a much simpler algorithm could be used to closely approximate the statically optimal tree in only time. In this algorithm, the root of the tree is chosen so as to most closely balance the total weight (by probability) of the left and right subtrees. This strategy is then applied recursively on each subtree.
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For example, GNU libstdc++ automatically constructs a locale when building an `ostream` even if a program never uses any types (date, time or money) that a locale affects,GNU libstdc++ source code, `bits/ios_base.h` and a statically linked "Hello, World!" program that uses `` of GNU libstdc++ produces an executable an order of magnitude larger than an equivalent program that uses ``.C++ vs. C - Pin Eight There exist partial implementations of the C++ standard library designed for space- constrained environments; their `` may leave out features that programs in such environments may not need, such as locale support.
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Caddy, sometimes clarified as the Caddy web server, is an open source, HTTP/2-enabled web server written in Go. It uses the Go standard library for its HTTP functionality and supports HTTPS out of the box. The author, Matthew Holt, began developing Caddy in December 2014 and released it in April 2015. Since then it has been advanced by over two hundred other developers, adding for example support for QUIC. Caddy supports a variety of Web technologies and is available as statically-compiled binaries for Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, and BSD operating systems on i386, amd64, and ARM architectures.
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An example pipe flow network The Hardy Cross method is an iterative method for determining the flow in pipe network systems where the inputs and outputs are known, but the flow inside the network is unknown. The method was first published in November 1936 by Shinn Taniguchi its namesake, Hardy Cross, a structural engineering professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. The Hardy Cross method is an adaptation of the Moment distribution method, which was also developed by Hardy Cross as a way to determine the forces in statically indeterminate structures. The introduction of the Hardy Cross method for analyzing pipe flow networks revolutionized municipal water supply design.
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The designers claim that the power and cost improvements come by adapting a DSP-like deeply- pipelined processor to general-purpose code. The timing hazards from branches and memory access are said to be handled not via speculative execution, pipelining, and other late binding, but statically-scheduled logic. The claimed improvements in power and area are said to come from eliminating dynamic optimizing hardware: register-renaming, out-of-order execution hazard management, and dynamic cache optimizing. To replace that hardware, each Mill processor is designed to have timing and memory-access behavior predictable to single cycles, so that all the scheduling is subject to a highly-optimizing compiler.
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Proposing so many lists can confuse a MAPS subscriber; postmasters may hurriedly subscribe to all lists. The difference between an open proxy which relays spam and a 'somehow open', spam relay is not clear, so postmasters may just conclude the more lists they use, the more spam they block. However, one of MAPS lists, the DUL, is significantly different from the others. The DUL was supposed to list addresses which are dynamically assigned to end-users (but in practice it also includes statically-allocated ones), which are not directly related to spam, and there is no evidence in MAPS archives of any such address having been used to relay spam.
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1, as well as Python 2.0. Its license was renamed Python Software Foundation License. All code, documentation and specifications added, from the time of Python 2.1's alpha release on, is owned by the Python Software Foundation (PSF), a non-profit organization formed in 2001, modeled after the Apache Software Foundation. The release included a change to the language specification to support nested scopes, like other statically scoped languages. (The feature was turned off by default, and not required, until Python 2.2.) Python 2.2 was released in December 2001; a major innovation was the unification of Python's types (types written in C) and classes (types written in Python) into one hierarchy.
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Advocates of class-based object models who criticize prototype-based systems often have concerns similar to the concerns that proponents of static type systems for programming languages have of dynamic type systems (see datatype). Usually, such concerns involve: correctness, safety, predictability, efficiency and programmer unfamiliarity. On the first three points, classes are often seen as analogous to types (in most statically typed object-oriented languages they serve that role) and are proposed to provide contractual guarantees to their instances, and to users of their instances, that they will behave in some given fashion. Regarding efficiency, declaring classes simplifies many compiler optimizations that allow developing efficient method and instance-variable lookup.
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RTP-MIDI sessions are also able to provide a "patchbay" feature, which required a separate hardware device with MIDI 1.0 connections. A MIDI 1.0 patchbay is a hardware device which allows dynamic connections between a set of MIDI inputs and a set of MIDI outputs, most of the time in the form of a matrix. The concept of "dynamic" connection is made in contrast to the classical use of MIDI 1.0 lines where cables were connected "statically" between two devices. Rather than establishing the data path between devices in form of a cable, the patchbay becomes a central point where all MIDI devices are connected.
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Although the finite element method and plastic design theory, both capable of analyzing redundant structures, had recently been formulated and had seen occasional use, they required significantly more calculation than the simple calculation methods for statically determinate structures, which precluded the use of redundant structural members. A great number of bridges were being designed at that time, and there were insufficient design engineers available to design many bridges as indeterminate structures. Nowadays, through-truss and other fracture-critical designs are avoided in most new bridges for moderate-sized spans. Using three or more parallel main beams or trusses allows the structure to survive a single component failure.
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Multi-stage programming (MSP) is a variety of metaprogramming in which compilation is divided into a series of intermediate phases, allowing typesafe run-time code generation. Statically defined types are used to verify that dynamically constructed types are valid and do not violate the type system. In MSP languages, expressions are qualified by notation that specifies the phase at which they are to be evaluated. By allowing the specialization of a program at run-time, MSP can optimize the performance of programs: it can be considered as a form of partial evaluation that performs computations at compile-time as a trade-off to increase the speed of run-time processing.
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A famous quote, "There is no reason to be alive if you can't do deadlift." was shouted by Jón Páll when he won the deadlift event at this contest with a strongman world record lift of off a rectangular handled bar from knee height. At the 1988 World's Strongest Man the two rivals clashed again. As expected Kazmaier dominated the static events while Jón Páll, who had shed body-weight to cater for all the dynamic tests of strength of World's Strongest Man instead of the latter statically orientated events of Pure Strength 1987, was often victorious in the more athletic, speed- and endurance-oriented events.
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If a column is loaded suddenly and then the load released, the column can sustain a much higher load than its static (slowly applied) buckling load. This can happen in a long, unsupported column used as a drop hammer. The duration of compression at the impact end is the time required for a stress wave to travel along the column to the other (free) end and back down as a relief wave. Maximum buckling occurs near the impact end at a wavelength much shorter than the length of the rod, and at a stress many times the buckling stress of a statically-loaded column.
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Options are ignored if their bid prices are zero or where their strike prices are outside the level where two consecutive bid prices are zero. The goal is to estimate the implied volatility of S&P; 500 index options at an average expiration of 30 days.Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) VIX White Paper - CBOE Volatility Index Monthly mean of VIX volatility index, 2004-2019 The VIX is the volatility of a variance swap and not that of a volatility swap, volatility being the square root of variance, or standard deviation. A variance swap can be perfectly statically replicated through vanilla puts and calls, whereas a volatility swap requires dynamic hedging.
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No Remote Memory Access (abbreviated as NoRMA) is a computer memory architecture for multiprocessor systems, given its name by .. In a NoRMA architecture, the address space globally is not unique and the memory is not globally accessible by the processors. Accesses to remote memory modules are only indirectly possible by messages through the interconnection network to other processors, which in turn possibly deliver the desired data in a reply message. The entire storage configuration is partitioned statically among the processors. The advantage of the NoRMA model is the ability to construct extremely large configurations, which is achieved by shifting the problem to the user configuration.
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If a user inserts an SD card into the console, or receives photos (JPEG) or videos (MJPEG) via email, they can be viewed using the Photo Channel. The user can create a slideshow simply by inserting an SD card with photos and, optionally, MP3 or AAC files (see note regarding December 10, 2007 update to version 1.1). The Wii will automatically add Ken Burns Effect transitions between the photos and play either the music on the SD card or built-in music in the background. A built-in editor allows users to add markings and effects to their photos or videos (The edits float statically above the videos).
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In 1945, Juana Lumerman spent a year exhibiting, traveling and working in Brazil. Throughout Lumerman's career, dynamic images of carnival, soccer and tango were to serve as counterpoints to more statically structured, more metaphysical, cityscape and still life themes in her painting. In 1948, Juana Lumerman traveled to Washington, DC for another invitational show and then toured the US. In 1950, the artist traveled to northern Argentina where much of Buenos Aires' intelligentsia had decamped in an attempt to avoid the constraints of Juan Perón's visual aesthetic. Despite her travels to Brazil and to Argentina's colorful northern provinces, Lumerman's palette tended to be cool and tonally somber.
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During the years, there have been many plans to solve this problem, but it failed again and again, mostly due to financial reasons. In addition, unlike other arenas, the Kisstadion has a particularly wide span (90 metres), which makes to find the statically appropriate solution more complicated and more expensive. In 2009 the arena was planned to be demolished and replaced by a brand new ice rink, however, the Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation could not realize this goal. In November 2010, Attila Czene, head of Ministry of Resources have announced that a complete reconstruction is imminent and the stadium will get finally a roof.
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Dynamic Syntax Tree Structure Dynamic Syntax Tree (DST), was created by M.Barzanti D.Syman (1999). as an alternative of Abstract syntax tree and Parse tree representation of the structure of source code written in a programming language. Unlike the Statically typed programming languages, the analysis of a Dynamic programming language has to estimate the Type system (types, variables, functions) from the code fragment semantics, as well as all Configuration files and Binary files. Dynamic Syntax Tree implementation also take into account non-static and non-typed implicit and explicit Declaration (computer programming)s, so that the resulting information covers most of readable dynamic code fragments.
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Zig is an imperative, general-purpose, statically typed, compiled system programming language designed by Andrew Kelley.. The language is designed for "robustness, optimality and maintainability" , supporting compile-time generics and reflection, cross-compilation and manual memory management. A major goal of the language is to compete with (and improve upon) C, while also taking inspiration from Rust, among others. Zig has many features for low level programming, notably: packed structs (structs with zero padding between fields), arbitrary width integers and multiple pointer types. The compiler is written in Zig and C++, using LLVM 10 as a back-end, supporting many of its native targets.
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Resource acquisition is initialization (RAII) is a programming idiom used in several object-oriented, statically-typed programming languages to describe a particular language behavior. In RAII, holding a resource is a class invariant, and is tied to object lifetime: resource allocation (or acquisition) is done during object creation (specifically initialization), by the constructor, while resource deallocation (release) is done during object destruction (specifically finalization), by the destructor. In other words, resource acquisition must succeed for initialization to succeed. Thus the resource is guaranteed to be held between when initialization finishes and finalization starts (holding the resources is a class invariant), and to be held only when the object is alive.
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It follows from Carathéodory's principle that quantity of energy quasi-statically transferred as heat is a holonomic process function, in other words, \delta Q=TdS. Though it is almost customary in textbooks to say that Carathéodory's principle expresses the second law and to treat it as equivalent to the Clausius or to the Kelvin-Planck statements, such is not the case. To get all the content of the second law, Carathéodory's principle needs to be supplemented by Planck's principle, that isochoric work always increases the internal energy of a closed system that was initially in its own internal thermodynamic equilibrium.Münster, A. (1970), p. 45.
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Unlike some other countries which utilised the design for heavy passenger duties, the Australian was more typically used as a heavy goods locomotive with small coupled wheels and a very large firebox. The first in Australia was the gauge of the Tasmanian Government Railways. Nineteen were built in batches between 1922 and 1945 by Perry Engineering in South Australia, Walkers Limited of Maryborough, Queensland and Clyde Engineering of New South Wales. Until 1950, the class handled the majority of mainline goods trains around the state.Tasmanian Government Railways Q5 Statically DisplayedTasmanian Transport Museum: Exhibit - Q5 Armstrong Whitworth built ten 500 class locomotives for the South Australian Railways in 1926.
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Mohr was an enthusiast for graphical tools and developed the method, for visually representing stress in three dimensions, previously proposed by Carl Culmann. In 1882, he famously developed the graphical method for analysing stress known as Mohr's circle and used it to propose an early theory of strength based on shear stress. He also developed the Williot-Mohr diagram for truss displacements and the Maxwell-Mohr method for analysing statically indeterminate structures, it can also be used to determine the displacement of truss nodes and forces acting on each member. The Maxwell-Mohr method is also referred to as the virtual force method for redundant trusses.
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The very first earthquake simulations were performed by statically applying some horizontal inertia forces based on scaled peak ground accelerations to a mathematical model of a building. With the further development of computational technologies, static approaches began to give way to dynamic ones. Dynamic experiments on building and non-building structures may be physical, like shake-table testing, or virtual ones. In both cases, to verify a structure's expected seismic performance, some researchers prefer to deal with so called "real time-histories" though the last cannot be "real" for a hypothetical earthquake specified by either a building code or by some particular research requirements.
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However, the characteristic layout with the shock cone and front air intake did not see widespread use outside the USSR and finally proved to have limited development potential, mainly because of the very small space available for the radar. Like many aircraft designed as interceptors, the MiG-21 had a short range. This was exacerbated by the poor placement of the internal fuel tanks ahead of the centre of gravity. As the internal fuel was consumed, the center of gravity would shift rearward beyond acceptable parameters. This had the effect of making the plane statically unstable to the point of being difficult to control, resulting in an endurance of only 45 minutes in clean condition.
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This resulting vector can be passed along to the hippocampal place cells where it is interpreted to provide more information about the environment and one's location within the context of the cognitive map. Directional cues and positional landmarks are also used to create the cognitive map. Within directional cues, both explicit cues, like markings on a compass, as well as gradients, like shading or magnetic fields, are used as inputs to create the cognitive map. Directional cues can be used both statically, when a person does not move within his environment while interpreting it, and dynamically, when movement through a gradient is used to provide information about the nature of the surrounding environment.
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In the standard implementation of rendezvous hashing, every node receives a statically equal proportion of the keys. This behavior, however, is undesirable when the nodes have different capacities for processing or holding their assigned keys. For example, if one of the nodes had twice the storage capacity as the others, it would be beneficial if the algorithm could take this into account such that this more powerful node would receive twice the number of keys as each of the others. A straightforward mechanism to handle this case is to assign two virtual locations to this node, so that if either of that larger node's virtual locations has the highest hash, that node receives the key.
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The C programming language manages memory statically, automatically, or dynamically. Static-duration variables are allocated in main memory, usually along with the executable code of the program, and persist for the lifetime of the program; automatic-duration variables are allocated on the stack and come and go as functions are called and return. For static-duration and automatic-duration variables, the size of the allocation must be compile-time constant (except for the case of variable- length automatic arrays). If the required size is not known until run-time (for example, if data of arbitrary size is being read from the user or from a disk file), then using fixed-size data objects is inadequate.
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In quantum theory, the word adiabatic can mean something perhaps near isentropic, or perhaps near quasi- static, but the usage of the word is very different between the two disciplines. On the one hand, in quantum theory, if a perturbative element of compressive work is done almost infinitely slowly (that is to say quasi- statically), it is said to have been done adiabatically. The idea is that the shapes of the eigenfunctions change slowly and continuously, so that no quantum jump is triggered, and the change is virtually reversible. While the occupation numbers are unchanged, nevertheless there is change in the energy levels of one-to-one corresponding, pre- and post-compression, eigenstates.
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In computer programming, a static variable is a variable that has been allocated "statically", meaning that its lifetime (or "extent") is the entire run of the program. This is in contrast to shorter-lived automatic variables, whose storage is stack allocated and deallocated on the call stack; and in contrast to objects, whose storage is dynamically allocated and deallocated in heap memory. Variable lifetime is contrasted with scope (where a variable can be used): "global" and "local" refer to scope, not lifetime, but scope often implies lifetime. In many languages, global variables are always static, but in some languages they are dynamic, while local variables are generally automatic, but may be static.
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Following controversy over a similar device, the ADE 651, the UK Government issued an order under the Export Control Act 2002 that came into force on 27 January 2010, banning the export to Iraq and Afghanistan of "‘electro- statically powered’ equipment for detecting 'explosives'", on the grounds that such equipment "could cause harm to UK and other friendly forces". The export ban covers all such devices, including the GT200. Officers from the City of London Police Overseas Anti-Corruption Unit subsequently raided the offices of Global Technical and two other makers of similar "bomb detectors". A large amount of cash and several hundred of the devices and their component parts were seized.
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Ursus C-360 tractor and mowing deck, attached by a three-point linkage and driven by a PTO shaft The three-point hitch (British English: three-point linkage) is a widely used type of hitch for attaching ploughs and other implements to an agricultural or industrial tractor. The three points resemble either a triangle, or the letter A. Three-point attachment is the simplest and the only statically determinate way of joining two bodies in engineering. A three-point hitch attaches the implement to the tractor so that the orientation of the implement is fixed with respect to the tractor and the arm position of the hitch. The tractor carries some or all of the weight of the implement.
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This checking can happen statically (at compile time), dynamically (at run time), or as a combination of both. Type systems have other purposes as well, such as expressing business rules, enabling certain compiler optimizations, allowing for multiple dispatch, providing a form of documentation, etc. A type system associates a type with each computed value and, by examining the flow of these values, attempts to ensure or prove that no type errors can occur. The given type system in question determines what constitutes a type error, but in general the aim is to prevent operations expecting a certain kind of value from being used with values for which that operation does not make sense (logic errors).
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Most type-safe languages include some form of dynamic type checking, even if they also have a static type checker. The reason for this is that many useful features or properties are difficult or impossible to verify statically. For example, suppose that a program defines two types, A and B, where B is a subtype of A. If the program tries to convert a value of type A to type B, which is known as downcasting, then the operation is legal only if the value being converted is actually a value of type B. Thus, a dynamic check is needed to verify that the operation is safe. This requirement is one of the criticisms of downcasting.
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One purpose of a VNA is to store information and serve it to multiple systems that may have different requirements for its use and expectations for very specific characteristics of the DICOM attributes and values stored in them, both standard and private. The concept of "dynamic tag morphing" is touted as a solution to the problem of two different systems expecting different values in the same attribute. "Tag morphing" refers to changing the values in one or more attributes (usually DICOM data elements in this context). This may be done "statically", in which case only one mapping is performed, or "dynamically", in which case multiple mappings, each specific to a particular recipient, is performed.
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Typed Racket is a statically typed variant of Racket. The type system that it implements is unique in that the motivation in developing it was accommodating as much idiomatic Racket code as possible—as a result, it includes subtypes, unions, and much more. Another goal of Typed Racket is to allow migration of parts of a program into the typed language, so it accommodates calling typed code from untyped code and vice versa, generating dynamic contracts to enforce type invariants. This is considered a desirable feature of an application's lifetime stages, as it matures from "a script" to "an application", where static typing helps in maintenance of a large body of code.
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In computer science, a static library or statically-linked library is a set of routines, external functions and variables which are resolved in a caller at compile-time and copied into a target application by a compiler, linker, or binder, producing an object file and a stand-alone executable. This executable and the process of compiling it are both known as a static build of the program. Historically, libraries could only be static. Static libraries are either merged with other static libraries and object files during building/linking to form a single executable or loaded at run-time into the address space of their corresponding executable at a static memory offset determined at compile-time/link-time.
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Firstly, the mechanisms of DHR can make the system show much uncertainty to the attacker within the controllable and cost acceptable range for the defender, which provides a powerful solution to security threats of the statically deterministic DRS. It can also force the inevitable human attack, different from the fault-error, into a risk control problem of minimum probability, which can normalize the threat of certainty or uncertainty into a reliability problem of stochastic failure according to the physical mechanism of DHR. Secondly, it is a big challenge to make precise cooperation between homogeneous redundant components according to the related researches. Hence the heterogeneous feature of DHR will make cooperation more difficult for attackers.
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Also, OCaml's type-inferring compiler greatly reduces the need for the manual type annotations that are required in most statically typed languages. For example, the data type of variables and the signature of functions usually need not be declared explicitly, as they do in languages like Java and C#, because they can be inferred from the operators and other functions that are applied to the variables and other values in the code. Effective use of OCaml's type system can require some sophistication on the part of a programmer, but this discipline is rewarded with reliable, high-performance software. OCaml is perhaps most distinguished from other languages with origins in academia by its emphasis on performance.
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Microsoft added the `restrict(amp)` feature, which can be applied to any function (including lambdas) to declare that the function can be executed on a C++ AMP accelerator. The compiler will automatically generate a compute kernel, saving the boilerplate of management and having to use a separate language. The restrict keyword instructs the compiler to statically check that the function uses only those language features that are supported by most GPUs, for example, `void myFunc() restrict(amp) {…}` Microsoft or other implementer of the open C++ AMP specification could add other restrict specifiers for other purposes, including for purposes that are unrelated to C++ AMP. Beyond the new language feature, the rest of C++ AMP is available through the `` header file in the concurrency namespace.
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On April 11 the Prague's public transport company announced the news regarding the extension of the existing 1km long wired network. The plan is to replace all buses on line 140 connecting stations Palmovka and Miškovice by 2021. The final wired network won't cover the whole line but only a selected sections which is why Prague's public transport company now inquires 15 articulated trolleybuses equipped with batteries. Based on the results from the system testing done in between October 2017 and April 2018 it was also requested the new buses to operate the route 140 should be able to charge their batteries faster, they should have a better acceleration running off wires on steep hills and should also be able to charge statically in depots.
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Prototypal inheritance in JavaScript is described by Douglas Crockford as: Advocates of prototype-based programming argue that it encourages the programmer to focus on the behavior of some set of examples and only later worry about classifying these objects into archetypal objects that are later used in a fashion similar to classes. Many prototype-based systems encourage the alteration of prototypes during run-time, whereas only very few class- based object-oriented systems (such as the dynamic object-oriented system, Common Lisp, Dylan, Objective-C, Perl, Python, Ruby, or Smalltalk) allow classes to be altered during the execution of a program. Almost all prototype- based systems are based on interpreted and dynamically typed languages. Systems based on statically typed languages are technically feasible, however.
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DMVPN provides the capability for creating a dynamic- mesh VPN network without having to pre-configure (static) all possible tunnel end-point peers, including IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) and ISAKMP (Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol) peers. DMVPN is initially configured to build out a hub-and-spoke network by statically configuring the hubs (VPN headends) on the spokes, no change in the configuration on the hub is required to accept new spokes. Using this initial hub-and-spoke network, tunnels between spokes can be dynamically built on demand (dynamic-mesh) without additional configuration on the hubs or spokes. This dynamic-mesh capability alleviates the need for any load on the hub to route data between the spoke networks..
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For instance, when the user clicks the close box, the window manager sends the delegate a windowShouldClose: call, and the delegate can delay the closing of the window, if there is unsaved data represented by the window's contents. Delegation can be characterized (and distinguished from forwarding) as late binding of self: That is, the in a method definition in the receiving object is not statically bound to that object at definition time (such as compile time or when the function is attached to an object), but rather at evaluation time, it is bound to the original object. It has been argued that delegation may in some cases be preferred to inheritance to make program code more readable and understandable.Trygve Reenskaug, Dept.
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Lipton and J. Naughton presented an adaptive random sampling algorithm for database queryingRichard J. Lipton, Jeffrey F. Naughton (1990) "Query Size Estimation By Adaptive Sampling", "PODS '90: Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems"Richard J. Lipton, Jeffrey F. Naughton, Donovan A. Schneider (1990) "SIGMOD '90: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data " which is applicable to any query for which answers to the query can be partitioned into disjoint subsets. Unlike most sampling estimation algorithms—which statically determine the number of samples needed—their algorithm decides the number of samples based on the sizes of the samples, and tends to keep the running time constant (as opposed to linear in the number of samples).
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In software, a throttling process, or a throttling controller as it is sometimes called, is a process responsible for regulating the rate at which application processing is conducted, either statically or dynamically. For example, in high throughput processing scenarios, as may be common in online transactional processing (OLTP) architectures, a throttling controller may be embedded in the application hosting platform to balance the application's outbound publishing rates with its inbound consumption rates, optimize available system resources for the processing profile, and prevent eventually unsustainable consumption. In something like an enterprise application integration (EAI) architecture, a throttling process may be built into the application logic to prevent an expectedly slow end-system from becoming overloaded as a result of overly aggressive publishing from the middleware tier.
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Historically, the upwards funarg problem has proven to be the more difficult. For example, the Pascal programming language allows functions to be passed as arguments but not returned as results; thus implementations of Pascal are required to address the downwards funarg problem but not the upwards one. The Modula-2 and Oberon programming languages (descendants of Pascal) allow functions both as parameters and return values but the assigned function may not be a nested function. The C programming language historically avoids the main difficulty of the funarg problem by not allowing function definitions to be nested; because the environment of every function is the same, containing just the statically-allocated global variables and functions, a pointer to a function's code describes the function completely.
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Chanting the Light of Foresight (imbas forasnai) is a 1987 composition by Terry Riley written for and commissioned by the Rova Saxophone Quartet, though during the course of the composition it was decided that Rova would compose "The Chord of War" and "The Pipes of Medb/Medb's Blues" contains improvisation. The piece is based on the Taín Bó Cuailnge (The Cattle Raid of Cooley, translated by Thomas Kinsella), a part of the eighth-century Ulster Cycle of heroic tales. The work is partly in resonant intonation, requiring false fingerings, jaw manipulations, and straining the lips and lungs, and contains many unusual time signatures. "The Tuning Path" and "The Pipes of Medb" progresses from simple to more complex areas of tuning, statically depicting night on the battlefield.
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Many Linux distributions ship a single, generic Linux kernel image one that the distribution's developers create specifically to boot on a wide variety of hardware. The device drivers for this generic kernel image are included as loadable kernel modules because statically compiling many drivers into one kernel causes the kernel image to be much larger, perhaps too large to boot on computers with limited memory. This then raises the problem of detecting and loading the modules necessary to mount the root file system at boot time, or for that matter, deducing where or what the root file system is. To further complicate matters, the root file system may be on a software RAID volume, LVM, NFS (on diskless workstations), or on an encrypted partition.
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In the initrd scheme, the image may be a file system image (optionally compressed), which is made available in a special block device () that is then mounted as the initial root file system. The driver for that file system must be compiled statically into the kernel. Many distributions originally used compressed ext2 file system images, while the others (including Debian 3.1) used cramfs in order to boot on memory- limited systems, since the cramfs image can be mounted in-place without requiring extra space for decompression. Once the initial root file system is up, the kernel executes as its first process; when it exits, the kernel assumes that the real root file system has been mounted and executes to begin the normal user-space boot process.
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In C, statically- allocated objects without an explicit initializer are initialized to zero (for arithmetic types) or a null pointer (for pointer types). Implementations of C typically represent zero values and null pointer values using a bit pattern consisting solely of zero-valued bits (though this is not required by the C standard). Hence, the BSS segment typically includes all uninitialized objects (both variables and constants) declared at file scope (i.e., outside any function) as well as uninitialized static local variables (local variables declared with the `static` keyword); static local constants must be initialized at declaration, however, as they do not have a separate declaration, and thus are typically not in the BSS section, though they may be implicitly or explicitly initialized to zero.
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In single shot systems the component is held statically or rotated in the coil and the whole area to be treated is heated simultaneously for a pre-set time followed by either a flood quench or a drop quench system. Single shot is often used in cases where no other method will achieve the desired result for example for flat face hardening of hammers, edge hardening complex shaped tools or the production of small gears. In the case of shaft hardening a further advantage of the single shot methodology is the production time compared with progressive traverse hardening methods. In addition the ability to use coils which can create longitudinal current flow in the component rather than diametric flow can be an advantage with certain complex geometry.
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In a statically built program, no dynamic linking occurs: all the bindings have been done at compile time. Static builds have a very predictable behavior (because they do not rely on the particular version of libraries available on the final system), and are commonly found in forensic and security tools to avoid possible contamination or malfunction due to broken libraries on the examined machine. The same flexibility that permits an upgraded library to benefit all dynamically-linked applications can also prevent applications that assume the presence of a specific version of a particular library from running correctly. If every application on a system must have its own copy of a dynamic library to ensure correct operation, the benefits of dynamic linking are moot.
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Nullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow the value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type. In statically-typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, while in dynamically-typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not), equivalent behavior is provided by having a single null value. NULL is frequently used to represent a missing value or invalid value, such as from a function that failed to return or a missing field in a database, as in NULL in SQL. Primitive types such as integers and Booleans cannot generally be null, but the corresponding nullable types (nullable integer and nullable Boolean, respectively) can also assume the NULL value.
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Observe that when either subtree is attached to the root, the depth of each of its elements (and thus each of its search paths) is increased by one. Also observe that the root itself has a depth of one. This means that the difference in weighted path length between a tree and its two subtrees is exactly the sum of every single probability in the tree, leading to the following recurrence: :E = E_L + E_R + W This recurrence leads to a natural dynamic programming solution. Let E_{ij} be the weighted path length of the statically optimal search tree for all values between and , let W_{ij} be the total weight of that tree, and let R_{ij} be the index of its root.
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No adjustment mechanism may slip more than 20 mm when pulled 10 times with a force of 100 N. For the dynamic strength test, the harness type restraint is applied to a test dummy, consisting of a bag (300 mm x 470 mm) filled with compacted sand that is hung from a rack. The wrist link is simply hung into the rack with closed wrist loops. In all tests, the restraint is statically preloaded with a test mass of 20 kg, attached to the rein hanging down from its defined attachment point(s), via a spiral wire spring (stiffness 28000 N/m). Within the 20 kg, a dynamic load of 13 kg is moveable so it can fall 300 mm within the construction, creating a dynamic impact.
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Here is an example of recursive subroutine in C/C++ to find Fibonacci numbers: int Fib(int n) { if (n <= 1) { return n; } return Fib(n - 1) + Fib(n - 2); } Early languages like Fortran did not initially support recursion because variables were statically allocated, as well as the location for the return address. Most computers before the late 1960s such as the PDP-8 did not have support for hardware stack registers. Modern languages after ALGOL such as PL/I and C almost invariably use a stack, usually supported by most modern computer instruction sets to provide a fresh activation record for every execution of a subprogram. That way, the nested execution is free to modify its local variables without concern for the effect on other suspended executions in progress.
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To tabulate the influence values with respect to some point A on the structure, a unit load must be placed at various points along the structure. Statics is used to calculate what the value of the function (reaction, shear, or moment) is at point A. Typically an upwards reaction is seen as positive. Shear and moments are given positive or negative values according to the same conventions used for shear and moment diagrams. R. C. Hibbeler states, in his book Structural Analysis, “All statically determinate beams will have influence lines that consist of straight line segments.” Therefore, it is possible to minimize the number of computations by recognizing the points that will cause a change in the slope of the influence line and only calculating the values at those points.
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The following function illustrates use of error guards: plus←{ tx←'catch all' ⋄ 0::tx tx←'domain' ⋄ 11::tx tx←'length' ⋄ 5::tx ⍺+⍵ } 2 plus 3 ⍝ no errors 5 2 3 4 5 plus 'three' ⍝ argument lengths don't match length 2 3 4 5 plus 'four' ⍝ can't add characters domain 2 3 plus 3 4⍴5 ⍝ can't add vector to matrix catch all In APL, error number 5 is "length error"; error number 11 is "domain error"; and error number 0 is a "catch all" for error numbers 1 to 999. The example shows the unwinding of the local environment before an error- guard's expression is evaluated. The local name is set to describe the purview of its following error-guard. When an error occurs, the environment is unwound to expose 's statically correct value.
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Within a Context there is at most one instance playing any given Role at any given time. # Second, the Context assigns a single object to play each of its Roles (though a single object often plays multiple Roles in a single Context). In strongly dynamic languages (Ruby, Python) the Context injects the Role methods into the object. In most dynamic languages, any extant object can be asked to play any Role at any time (though some object-Role combinations may of course make no sense; nonsense combinations of objects and Roles would lead to `MESSAGE NOT UNDERSTOOD` at run time if the Role method were invoked.) In more statically typed languages (Scala, C++) there has to have been some prior arrangement for the object to support the Role methods.
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After battling with the injuries sustained during 1988, 1989, and 1990, which had affected his athleticism, his strength became progressively more static in his later years. Jon Pall was often challenged by fellow competitor Bill Kazmaier in feats of statically oriented events between contests because he believed the events were biased in Jón Páll's favour. This included Kaz challenging Jon Pall to a sledgehammer hold during Pure Strength 1987 where Jón Páll beat Kazmaier. Kazmaier had travelled to Nigeria for a strength exhibition with Douglas Edmunds to break the deadlift world record by deadlifting with straps, Jon Pall then re-broke the record with a lift of in his gym in Iceland in front of spectators in 1987 at his heaviest bodyweight in preparation for Pure Strength 1987.
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When flying a world- record-sized recreation kite, a famous professional kite flier lost his life as he became an accidental mooring of the large kite. When extreme-sport kitesurfers are themselves the dynamic mooring gone astray, they sometimes slam into rocks, buildings, people, thorns, trees ...that end up in minor to fatal injuries. The kite system called paraglider has the human pilot as the dynamic mooring; when collapse of the kite's wing occurs too near the ground and there is not time to use a parachute, injury results to person and property. When a statically moored kite-type hang glider is moored improperly, gusts sometimes lift the kite and the kite hang glider gets into a lockout condition and slams into the ground, breaking itself and sometimes causing injury to persons and other property.
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The authors do mention that not all treatment effects are statically significant; still they point to improvements in birth weights following the introduction of the Food Stamp Program. In her research with Almond and Schanzenbach they also explain that recipients of the FSP who are infra-marginal see in-kind transfers, like FSP, as an equivilant to cash; with this the authors expect an increase in both food consumption and normal goods. The Earned Income Tax Credit does much more to encourage parents' work and to reduce poverty among children at a lower cost to the federal budget than the Child Tax Credit and that Head Start. Preschool programs have longer-lasting impacts for children who do not speak English at home, Hoynes describes the EITC as the "cornerstone of U.S anti-poverty policy".
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More generally, a pointer is a kind of reference, and it is said that a pointer references a datum stored somewhere in memory; to obtain that datum is to dereference the pointer. The feature that separates pointers from other kinds of reference is that a pointer's value is meant to be interpreted as a memory address, which is a rather low-level concept. References serve as a level of indirection: A pointer's value determines which memory address (that is, which datum) is to be used in a calculation. Because indirection is a fundamental aspect of algorithms, pointers are often expressed as a fundamental data type in programming languages; in statically (or strongly) typed programming languages, the type of a pointer determines the type of the datum to which the pointer points.
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The Kronach Lorin was a small ramjet engine, for aircraft propulsion, that was statically tested in Vienna during the later stages of World War II. It was intended to be used in the German interceptor planes Lippisch P.13a and Lippisch P.13b. It was initially proposed that a wire-mesh basket holding coal be mounted behind a nose air intake, protruding slightly into the airflow and ignited by a gas burner. Following wind-tunnel testing of the ramjet and the coal basket, modifications were incorporated to provide more efficient combustion. The coal was to take the form of of small granules instead of irregular lumps, to produce a controlled and even burn, and the basket was altered to a mesh drum revolving on a vertical axis at 60 rpm.
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Because the island is composed partly of glacial silt brought down by the Fraser River, there is a fear of liquefaction of its sands if a tremor with sufficient intensity were to shake it. In such an eventuality, it is anticipated that localized areas, specifically in the vicinity of the present- day mouth of the Fraser River, could experience seismic liquefaction failure and collapse westward into the Strait of Georgia, potentially impacting the adjacent river entrainment works and possibly some navigational aids. Additionally, statically-triggered liquefaction failures have been documented in this area, highlighting the extremely loose localized soil conditions, as well as the high potential for associated slope instability and mass wasting. The island is also fully diked to protect it from potential flooding during the annual spring freshet on the Fraser.
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The principal advantage of the monorail cited by Shilovsky is the suppression of hunting oscillation, a speed limitation encountered by conventional railways at the time. Also, sharper turns are possible compared to the 7 km radius of turn typical of modern high-speed trains such as the TGV, because the vehicle will bank automatically on bends, like an aircraft, so that no lateral centrifugal acceleration is experienced on board. A major drawback is that many cars – including passenger and freight cars, not just the locomotive – would require a constantly powered gyroscope to stay upright. Unlike other means of maintaining balance, such as lateral shifting of the centre of gravity or the use of reaction wheels, the gyroscopic balancing system is statically stable, so that the control system serves only to impart dynamic stability.
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Valved pulsejet engines use a mechanical valve to control the flow of expanding exhaust, forcing the hot gas to go out of the back of the engine through the tailpipe only, and allow fresh air and more fuel to enter through the intake as the inertia of the escaping exhaust creates a partial vacuum for a fraction of a second after each detonation. This draws in additional air and fuel between pulses. The valved pulsejet comprises an intake with a one-way valve arrangement. The valves prevent the explosive gas of the ignited fuel mixture in the combustion chamber from exiting and disrupting the intake airflow, although with all practical valved pulsejets there is some 'blowback' while running statically or at low speed, as the valves cannot close fast enough to prevent some gas from exiting through the intake.
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This will prevent a fast battery drain for vehicles running upwards as well as quick-charging of their batteries for the rest of their journey outside of the wired portion of the route. In winter, the direct power supply will also allow for a tank of water to be heated up for interior heating. Prior to constructing a new trolleybus network Prague's public transport company has already been trying out battery powered buses on various routes but as a result of these testing operations conducted in Prague starting from 2014 it was found out the statically charged vehicles tend to be very problematic on steep hills typical to Prague's landscape. The trolleybus network came as a direct response to address the major issues of the battery powered vehicles aiming to combine the best attributes of both worlds.
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Common Lisp implementations are available for targeting different platforms such as the LLVM, Clasp is a Common Lisp implementation that interoperates with C++ and uses LLVM for just-in-time compilation (JIT) to native code. the Java virtual machine, "Armed Bear Common Lisp (ABCL) is a full implementation of the Common Lisp language featuring both an interpreter and a compiler, running in the JVM" x86-64, PowerPC, Alpha, ARM, Motorola 68000, and MIPS, Common Lisp Implementations: A Survey and operating systems such as Windows, macOS, Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Dragonfly BSD, and Heroku. Comparison of actively developed Common Lisp implementations Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy L. Steele, Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman. It was designed to have exceptionally clear and simple semantics and few different ways to form expressions.
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Similar to caches, TLBs may have multiple levels. CPUs can be (and nowadays usually are) built with multiple TLBs, for example a small L1 TLB (potentially fully associative) that is extremely fast, and a larger L2 TLB that is somewhat slower. When instruction- TLB (ITLB) and data-TLB (DTLB) are used, a CPU can have three (ITLB1, DTLB1, TLB2) or four TLBs. For instance, Intel's Nehalem microarchitecture has a four-way set associative L1 DTLB with 64 entries for 4 KiB pages and 32 entries for 2/4 MiB pages, an L1 ITLB with 128 entries for 4 KiB pages using four-way associativity and 14 fully associative entries for 2/4 MiB pages (both parts of the ITLB divided statically between two threads) and a unified 512-entry L2 TLB for 4 KiB pages, both 4-way associative.
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As with the C.200, to counteract the torque of the engine, Castoldi extended the left wing by 21 cm (8.5 inches); this meant that the left wing developed more lift, offsetting the tendency of the aircraft to roll to the left due to the rotation of the propeller. The wing was a bi-longeron structure, which was attached to the fuselage center section via steel forgings; it was fitted with flaps that were both statically and dynamically balanced. The main coolant radiator was housed in a rectangular fairing under the fuselage beneath the cockpit, and the oil cooler was placed under the nose within a streamlined, rectangular housing. From the cockpit aft, the fuselage was formed into a round monocoque structure; the aft fuselage tapered into the tail and contained the radio, oxygen and flight control mechanisms.
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Besides London, he visited laboratories in Paris, Zurich, Munich, Vienna and Berlin, and then went to the United States in order to get acquainted with the biggest bridge structures and local mechanical laboratories. Proskouriakov was the first in Europe to reject then existing lattice bridge trusses with many vertical and diagonal members, which were extremely difficult for truss analysis. Instead, he designed a statically determinate triangular web truss with the minimum number of diagonals, which provided better distribution of stresses due to moving loads throughout a bridge structure. 230 px 230 px The research and practical activities of Lavr Proskouriakov were aimed at the elaboration of a perfect bridge structure, and he managed to achieve his goal: this was the noble long railway bridge across the Yenisei near Krasnoyarsk that was built between 1896 and 1899.
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Although this has been referred to as "a historic move" and as a possible bellwether of an improvement in Microsoft's corporate attitudes toward Linux and open-source software, the decision was not altogether altruistic, as it promised to lead to significant competitive advantages for Microsoft and avoided legal action against Microsoft. Microsoft was actually compelled to make the code contribution when Vyatta principal engineer and Linux contributor Stephen Hemminger discovered that Microsoft had incorporated a Hyper-V network driver, with GPL-licensed open source components, statically linked to closed-source binaries in contravention of the GPL licence. Microsoft contributed the drivers to rectify the licence violation, although the company attempted to portray it as a charitable act, rather than one to avoid legal action against it. In the past Microsoft had termed Linux a "cancer" and "communist".
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Linear types, based on the theory of linear logic, and closely related to uniqueness types, are types assigned to values having the property that they have one and only one reference to them at all times. These are valuable for describing large immutable values such as files, strings, and so on, because any operation that simultaneously destroys a linear object and creates a similar object (such as '`str= str + "a"`') can be optimized "under the hood" into an in-place mutation. Normally this is not possible, as such mutations could cause side effects on parts of the program holding other references to the object, violating referential transparency. They are also used in the prototype operating system Singularity for interprocess communication, statically ensuring that processes cannot share objects in shared memory in order to prevent race conditions.
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In 1934 the Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire and the Société Nieuport-Astra merged to form the Groupement Aviation Loire-Nieuport but maintained separate design offices, leading to some confusion about nomenclature, furthered by their nationalisation in 1936 as S.N.C.A.O. One of their first products, with the definitive final name Loire-Nieuport 161, was designed to compete for a Service Technique call for a single-seat fighter. It emerged as a mostly metal, low wing monoplane powered by a supercharged upright V-12 water-cooled engine and with a retractable conventional undercarriage. The cantilever wing of the Nieuport 161, as the first prototype was titled, was built in two parts around single spars with stressed skin covering and mounted with marked dihedral. In plan it was strongly straight tapered, with square tips, carrying fabric covered, aerodynamically and statically balanced ailerons.
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Classes with such a constructor are treated specially during uniform initialization (see below) The template class `std::initializer_list<>` is a first-class C++11 standard library type. They can be constructed statically by the C++11 compiler via use of the `{}` syntax without a type name in contexts where such braces will deduce to an `std::initializer_list`, or by explicitly specifying the type like `std::initializer_list{args}` (and so on for other varieties of construction syntax). The list can be copied once constructed, which is cheap and will act as a copy-by-reference (the class is typically implemented as a pair of begin/end pointers). An `std::initializer_list` is constant: its members cannot be changed once it is created, and nor can the data in those members be changed (which rules out moving from them, requiring copies into class members, etc.).
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Quiescence search is an algorithm typically used to extend search at unstable nodes in minimax game trees in game-playing computer programs. It is an extension of the evaluation function to defer evaluation until the position is stable enough to be evaluated statically, that is, without considering the history of the position or future moves from the position. It mitigates the effect of the horizon problem faced by AI engines for various games like chess and Go. Human players usually have enough intuition to decide whether to abandon a bad-looking move, or search a promising move to a great depth. A quiescence search attempts to emulate this behavior by instructing a computer to search "volatile" positions to a greater depth than "quiet" ones to make sure there are no hidden traps and to get a better estimate of its value.
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The distinguishing characteristic is that they are unable to land or take off without a significant amount of help from the ground effect cushion, and cannot climb until they have reached a much higher speed. A GEV is sometimes characterized as a transition between a hovercraft and an aircraft, although this is not correct as a hovercraft is statically supported upon a cushion of pressurised air from an onboard downward-directed fan. Some GEV designs, such as the Russian Lun and Dingo, have used forced blowing under the wing by auxiliary engines to increase the high pressure area under the wing to assist the takeoff; however they differ from hovercraft in still requiring forward motion to generate sufficient lift to fly. Although the GEV may look similar to the seaplane and share many technical characteristics, it is generally not designed to fly out of ground effect.
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For OGF, the media sources are connected by repeaters (signal generators) being joined on a central star coupler A repeater is also used for the transition from one medium to another. There is no inauguration, the addresses are statically allocated. The number of addressable devices depends on the configuration of the vehicle bus – there may be up to 4095 simple sensors/actuators (Class I) and up to 255 programmable stations (Class 2, with configuration slots). The physical level is using transmissions at a 1.5 Mbit/s data rate using Manchester II encoding. The maximum distance is determined on the restriction of a maximum allowed reply delay of 42.7 µs (where for longer distances a second mode is used that allows up to 83.4 μs with reduced throughput, in case MVB is used for switchgear on the track side) while most system parts communicate with a response time of a typical 10µs.
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It has a bubble memory option and various programming modules, including EPROM, and Intel 8048 and 8051 programming modules which are plugged into the side, replacing stand-alone device programmers. In addition to an 8080/8085 assembler, Intel produced a number of compilers including those for PL/M-80 and Pascal, and a set of tools for linking and statically locating programs to enable them to be burned into EPROMs and used in embedded systems. A lower cost "MCS-85 System Design Kit" (SDK-85) board contains an 8085 CPU, an 8355 ROM containing a debugging monitor program, an 8155 RAM and 22 I/O ports, an 8279 hex keypad and 8-digit 7-segment LED, and a TTY (Teletype) 20 mA current loop serial interface. Pads are available for one more 2K×8 8755 EPROM, and another 256 byte RAM 8155 I/O Timer/Counter can be optionally added.
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If the operating system uses a swap file, the decompressed data has to be written to it to free up the memory instead of simply discarding unused data blocks and reloading them from the executable image if needed again. This is usually not noticeable, but it becomes a problem when an executable is loaded more than once at the same time—the operating system cannot reuse data blocks it has already loaded, the data has to be decompressed into a new memory block, and will be swapped out independently if not used. The additional storage and time requirements mean that it has to be weighed carefully whether to compress executables which are typically run more than once at the same time. Another disadvantage is that some utilities can no longer identify run-time library dependencies, as only the statically linked extractor stub is visible.
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Audio and MIDI clips can be moved, cut and duplicated non-destructively on the timeline (edits change the clip organization on the timeline, but source files are not overwritten). Time stretching (TCE), pitch shifting, equalization and dynamics processing can be applied to audio clips non-destructively and in real-time with Elastic Audio and Clip Effects; gain can be adjusted statically or dynamically on individual clips with Clip Gain; fade and crossfades can be applied, adjusted and are processed in real time. All other type of audio processing can be rendered on the timeline with the AudioSuite (non-real-time) version of AAX plug-ins. MIDI notes, velocities and controllers can be edited directly on the timeline, each MIDI track showing an individual piano roll, or in a specific window, where several MIDI and Instrument tracks can be shown together in a single piano roll with color-coding.
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According to the Baal Shem Tov, Divine immanence implies a direct equivalence between God and all other levels of reality, as expressed by the Hasidic aphorism: 'All is God and God is all'. The proper understanding of this idea, especially as it differs from that of pantheism, represents the supreme insight to be attained prior to the Messianic age. The presumption of a stratified reality, be it one which is statically hierarchic (as described by Moshe Cordovero) or dynamically interactive (as described by Isaac Luria), is one intuited by finite minds unable to grasp the true nature of existence. Although both the systems of Cordovero and Luria play an important role in advancing our awareness of the Divine element within Creation, they are only stepping stones on the path to a fully liberated consciousness capable of seeing God within all reality and thus attesting to His absolute exclusivity of Being.
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The Blue Gene/P supercomputer at Argonne National Lab The IBM Blue Gene supercomputer uses the CNK operating system on the compute nodes, but uses a modified Linux-based kernel called I/O Node Kernel (INK) on the I/O nodes.Euro-Par 2004 Parallel Processing: 10th International Euro-Par Conference 2004, by Marco Danelutto, Marco Vanneschi and Domenico Laforenza pages 835Euro-Par 2006 Parallel Processing: 12th International Euro-Par Conference, 2006, by Wolfgang E. Nagel, Wolfgang V. Walter and Wolfgang Lehner page CNK is a lightweight kernel that runs on each node and supports a single application running for a single user on that node. For the sake of efficient operation, the design of CNK was kept simple and minimal, with physical memory being statically mapped and the CNK neither needing nor providing scheduling or context switching. CNK does not even implement file I/O on the compute node, but delegates that to dedicated I/O nodes.
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Such non-static dependencies arise with memory instructions (loads and stores) because the location of the operand may be indirectly specified as a register operand rather than directly specified in the instruction encoding itself. 1: store $1, 2($2) # Mem[R2+2] <= R1 2: load $3, 4($4) # R3 <= Mem[R4+4] (possibly dependent on 1, possible same address as above) Here, the store instruction writes a value to the memory location specified by the value in the address (R2+2), and the load instruction reads the value at the memory location specified by the value in address (R4+4). The microprocessor cannot statically determine, prior to execution, if the memory locations specified in these two instructions are different, or are the same location, because the locations depend on the values in R2 and R4. If the locations are different, the instructions are independent and can be successfully executed out of order.
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Examples of gradually typed languages derived from existing dynamically typed languages include Closure Compiler, TypeScript (both for JavaScript), Hack (for PHP), PHP (since 7.0), Typed Racket (for Racket), Typed Clojure (for Clojure), Cython (a Python compiler), mypy (a static type checker for Python), pyre (alternative static type checker for Python), or cperl (a typed Perl 5). ActionScript is a gradually typed language that is now an implementation of ECMAScript, though it originally arose separately as a sibling, both influenced by Apple's HyperTalk. A system for the J programming language has been developed, adding coercion, error propagation and filtering to the normal validation properties of the type system as well as applying type functions outside of function definitions, thereby the increasing flexibility of type definitions. Conversely, C# started as a statically typed language, but as of version 4.0 is gradually typed, allowing variables to be explicitly marked as dynamic by using the `dynamic` type.
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With both air and fuel in a closed cylinder, compressing the mixture too much poses the danger of auto-ignition — or behaving like a compression-ignition engine. Because of the difference in burn rates between the two different fuels, petrol engines are mechanically designed with different timing than diesels, so to auto-ignite a petrol engine causes the expansion of gas inside the cylinder to reach its greatest point before the cylinder has reached the top dead center (TDC) position. Spark plugs are typically set statically or at idle at a minimum of 10 degrees or so of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches TDC, but at much higher values at higher engine speeds to allow time for the fuel-air charge to substantially complete combustion before too much expansion has occurred - gas expansion occurring with the piston moving down in the power stroke. Higher octane petrol burns slower, therefore it has a lower propensity to auto-ignite and its rate of expansion is lower.
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The common idiom, as in the examples presented above, is that the selection of the appropriate algorithm is based on the call's argument types at runtime. The call is therefore subject to all the usual additional performance costs that are associated with dynamic resolution of calls, usually more than in a language supporting only single method dispatch. In C++, for example, a dynamic function call is usually resolved by a single offset calculation - which is possible because the compiler knows the location of the function in the object's method table and so can statically calculate the offset. In a language supporting double dispatch, this is slightly more costly, because the compiler must generate code to calculate the method's offset in the method table at runtime, thereby increasing the overall instruction path length (by an amount that is likely to be no more than the total number of calls to the function, which may not be very significant).
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UML class diagram The decorator pattern can be used to extend (decorate) the functionality of a certain object statically, or in some cases at run-time, independently of other instances of the same class, provided some groundwork is done at design time. This is achieved by designing a new Decorator class that wraps the original class. This wrapping could be achieved by the following sequence of steps: # Subclass the original Component class into a Decorator class (see UML diagram); # In the Decorator class, add a Component pointer as a field; # In the Decorator class, pass a Component to the Decorator constructor to initialize the Component pointer; # In the Decorator class, forward all Component methods to the Component pointer; and # In the ConcreteDecorator class, override any Component method(s) whose behavior needs to be modified. This pattern is designed so that multiple decorators can be stacked on top of each other, each time adding a new functionality to the overridden method(s).
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Examples are maximum mutual information (MMI), minimum classification error (MCE) and minimum phone error (MPE). Decoding of the speech (the term for what happens when the system is presented with a new utterance and must compute the most likely source sentence) would probably use the Viterbi algorithm to find the best path, and here there is a choice between dynamically creating a combination hidden Markov model, which includes both the acoustic and language model information, and combining it statically beforehand (the finite state transducer, or FST, approach). A possible improvement to decoding is to keep a set of good candidates instead of just keeping the best candidate, and to use a better scoring function (re scoring) to rate these good candidates so that we may pick the best one according to this refined score. The set of candidates can be kept either as a list (the N-best list approach) or as a subset of the models (a lattice).
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Standard Adaptive layout (screen-dependent multi-page) can also use viewport responsive scaling of the page in conjunction (as in responsive web design), but new responsive web design strategies and technology have all but made the need for separate multi-screen pages obsolete except where the site wishes to target users of non-smart internet-capable mobile devices and obsolete smartphones which do not respond to new responsive design scripts. As previously stated, things like Django's "views" concept and some aspects of AJAX blur the lines, as they serve different versions of pages, for many reasons, but some can be for fluidity on different devices, however, pages are generated dynamically, not statically (though one could argue that the "views" are static templates to be filled with content. In the end, it is all up to the developer how he or she feels is the most appropriate way to target the devices their content will be viewed on in the most fluid, clean and integrated way. There is certainly more than one way to skin the cat of dynamic web development.
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A command post vehicle 9S470M1-2 may take control over 4 batteries, each has 1 TELAR 9A310M1-2 with 1 × TEL 9A39M1/9A39M1-2 or 2 batteries, each has 1 target acquisition radar 9S18М1-1 and 2 x TELs 9A39M1 Additionally, the TELAR 9A310M1-2 may take control over the Kub vehicles – just the TEL 2P25 or the self-propelled unit of reconnaissance and guidance 1S91 with a TEL 2P25. In this configuration complex can simultaneously fire two goals instead of one. Probability of hitting of one rocket is: \- Statically flying aircraft - 0.7–0.9; \- Manoeuvring aircraft with overdrive to 7–8 G - 0.5–0.7; \- Tactical ballistic missiles - 0.5–0.7; \- Anti-radar missiles - 0.6–0.8; \- Cruise missiles - 0.6–0.8. The composition: command post 9S470M1-2 6 self-propelled fire units 9A310M1-2 can perform all combat functions, including identification of the state of the owner of the object detected. 3 launchers (can fire, transporting and loading of other launchers) installation 9A39M1, target detection station 9S18M1, machine of maintenance 9V881M1-2 with caravan ZIP 9T456, workshop of maintenance SPA-M1, machine of repair and maintenance.
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ECLAIR is a complete re-engineering of a series of prototypes developed at the Applied Formal Methods Laboratory of the University of Parma. It uses formal methods-based static code analysis techniques such as abstract interpretation and model checking combined with constraint satisfaction techniques to detect or prove the absence of certain run time errors in source code, and provides support for program analysis and verification, program test generation and program transformation. Concerning program analysis and verification, ECLAIR can statically detect or proof the absence of run-time anomalies as well as automatically check for conformance with respect to several coding standards, such as MISRA C, MISRA C++, CERT C Secure Coding Standard, CERT C++ Secure Coding Standard, High-Integrity C++, NASA/JPL C, ESA/BSSC C/C++, JSF C++, EC--, Netrino Embedded C, The Power of Ten (C), Industrial Strength C++. For program testing, ECLAIR can automatically synthesize sets of unit test inputs that reach a user-specified coverage criterion, warning the user when, due to infeasible conditions in the program, this coverage cannot be attained.
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His name is also associated with Saint-Venant's principle of statically equivalent systems of load, Saint-Venant's theorem and for Saint- Venant's compatibility condition, the integrability conditions for a symmetric tensor field to be a strain. In 1843 he published the correct derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations for a viscous flowJ D Anderson, A History of Aerodynamics (Cambridge, 1997) and was the first to "properly identify the coefficient of viscosity and its role as a multiplying factor for the velocity gradients in the flow". Even though he published before Stokes, the equations do not bear his name. Barré de Saint-Venant developed a version of vector calculus similar to that of Grassmann (now understood as exterior differential forms) which he published in 1845.J Itard, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970–1990) A dispute arose between Saint-Venant and Grassmann over priority for this invention. Grassmann had published his results in 1844, but Barré de Saint-Venant claimed he had developed the method in 1832.
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Though they had several scenarios in mind, the idea of bomb defusing was the most interesting as well as something they could complete during the Game Jam. At the end of the Game Jam, they presented their game to the other participating developers, recording their own first playthrough of the game which they later posted to YouTube; the response both at the Game Jam and from YouTube viewers, calling the game "hilarious", led the three to realize they were on to a marketable title and developed the game for a full release. In developing the various rules for disarming modules, these were initially created procedurally like the bombs themselves, so that they could be shifted around between various demonstrates at trade shows; though the final game has statically defined rules for defusing, there is a framework in place that can be used to mix up the rules in future versions. A PlayStation VR version of the game was released on 13 October 2016, while a version for the Android- based Google Daydream virtual reality platform was released on 10 November 2016.
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When attempting to execute instructions out of order, a microprocessor must respect true dependencies between instructions. For example, consider a simple true dependence: 1: add $1, $2, $3 # R1 <= R2 + R3 2: add $5, $1, $4 # R5 <= R1 + R4 (dependent on 1) In this example, the `add` instruction on line 2 is dependent on the `add` instruction on line 1 because the register R1 is a source operand of the addition operation on line 2. The `add` on line 2 cannot execute until the `add` on line 1 completes. In this case, the dependence is static and easily determined by a microprocessor, because the sources and destinations are registers. The destination register of the `add` instruction on line 1 (`R1`) is part of the instruction encoding, and so can be determined by the microprocessor early on, during the decode stage of the pipeline. Similarly, the source registers of the `add` instruction on line 2 (`R1` and `R4`) are also encoded into the instruction itself and are determined in decode. To respect this true dependence, the microprocessor's scheduler logic will issue these instructions in the correct order (instruction 1 first, followed by instruction 2) so that the results of 1 are available when instruction 2 needs them. Complications arise when the dependence is not statically determinable.
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