The creation of the task force, called the Mission for Research and Restitution of Spoliated Cultural Property, was announced shortly after that speech.
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After the emperor Theodosius I eliminated the public funding for upkeep of pagan temples in 392, it was spoliated several times through the Middle Ages. During the 16th century, it was subsumed into a large private residence, the Palazzo Caffarelli-Clementino, which became part of the current-day Capitoline Hill.
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Initially the cloisters were square, but the north side was shorted. In the centre, a garden was rimmed by a colonnaded gallery. The north side was incorporated into the church during the 1516 restorations, becoming the right nave. The columns are all fluted and are particularly valuable since they were spoliated from earlier Roman houses.
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Gesner maintained that Cairns trespassed the property leased by the former, felled trees on it, spoliated it and expropriated 1,000 tons of valuable material. Gesner maintained the material to be asphaltum, while Cairns was a coal miner. The defendant was evidently permitted to mine coal, not asphaltum. The evidence presented to the jury was of a technical nature and regarded the nature of the material.
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The site was preserved from dilapidation by the silting of the nearby Erasinos river; however, a Christian basilica was built in the 6th century CE on the other side of the valley using spoliated material from the sanctuary.Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. This church may have gone out of use by the 7th century CE. After that time, no archaeologically significant activity occurred at the site until the erection of a small church dedicated to Hagios Georgios in the 15th century CE was erected immediately adjacent to the temple platform on the southwest side, perhaps on the remains of a small shrine.
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At the end of the 4th-century the pagan cults were forbidden by the emperors' edicts. The temple of Artemis was entirely spoliated of the marble cladding of the cella and the corniche of the gate was dismantled and replaced by plain jambs. The cella was paved with a polychrome mosaic floor and converted into a public reception hall. In the 6th-century the roof of the cella collapsed and the whole building was further transformed into a private residential stronghold in the middle of a wide artisanal quarter that occupied the upper terrace of the sanctuary.
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269-270 on the grounds that the monument had been abandoned "for a long time." According to some authors, Roger II further spoliated the structure in the 11th century for the construction of Catania Cathedral, including the grey granite columns that decorate the cathedral's facade and the apses, in which perfectly cut stones can be seen, which may also have been used in the construction of the Castello Ursino in the Swabian period. In the 13th century, according to tradition, the amphitheatre's vomitoria (entranceways) were used by the Angevins to enter the city during the Sicilian Vespers. In the following century, the entrances were walled up and the ruins were incorporated into the Aragonese fortifications (1302).
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After Luceria was abandoned, it was repeatedly spoliated, as common in the Middle Ages, for valuable building materials to be reused in new constructions (the place was called Predàro until the 18th century).P. Risi, Dei tentativi fatti per spiegare le antiche lingue italiche ..., Vallardi, Milano, 1863, p. 203.). Thus the settlement disappeared from view and, in time, from local memory too. Interest in this lost city revived during the Renaissance when the work of Ptolemy was rediscovered and published. Many authors mentioned Luceria, with varying degrees of specificness, in their works, like Raffaele Maffei da Volterra in his Commentari UrbaniRaffaele Maffei Volaterranus, Commentariorum Urbanorum, 1506 from the early 1500s; friar Leandro Alberti in his Descrittione di tutta l'Italia of 1577Lenadro Alberti,Descrittione di tutta l'Italia, Venezia 1577Frà Leandro Alberti, Descrittione di Tutta Italia, Anselmo Giaccarelli ed.
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Other than the uprising of the Camisards, the secretaries' duties were focused on two areas: managing the spoliated goods of fugitive Huguenots (which could be transferred to their nearest relatives, provided they were Catholics, but only after extensive legal examination and with the approval of the "Conseil des dépêches") and – at the request of provincial intendants – the removal of children from families suspected of not having fully converted and of placing them in foster care in convents or in homes for new Catholics. Louis Phélypeaux, secretary for 50 years, was famous for the severity with which he fulfilled his duties. Disagreeing with the tolerant policies of the last years of the reign of Louis XV, and with those that the arrival of Turgot to power seemed to predict, he resigned from the post in 1775. After 1749 the department of Protestant affairs was attached to the department of the Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi.
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All of them are kept in the Museo Archeologico di Palermo. Recent sondages performed inside the temple and under Temple E have revealed that it was preceded by two other sacred buildings, one of which was destroyed in 510 BC. Temple E was dedicated to Hera as shown by the inscription on a votive stelaIG XIV 271Tony Spawforth, The Complete Greek Temples 2006, p. 131. but some scholars deduce that it must have been dedicated to Aphrodite on the basis of structural parallels. East Hill: Temple F in foreground and the reconstructed Temple E in the background Plan of Temple F Temple F, the oldest and smallest of the three, was built between 550 and 540 BC on the model of Temple C. Of the temples it has been the most severely spoliated. Its peristyle was 24.43 x 61.83 metres on a 6 x 14 column pattern (each 9.11 metres high), with stone screens (4.7 metres high) in the space between the columns, with false doors painted in with pilasters and architraves – the actual entrance was at the east end.
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