The spinules and spines protrude the most out of the back.
|
|
Dorsal skin has irregularly distributed tubercles interspersed with small spinules. The throat is uniform cream.
|
|
Males measure in snout–vent length. Texture of dorsal skin of males is shagreen with spinules.
|
|
Male Nymphargus pluvialis measure in snout–vent length. Snout is truncate. Dorsal skin has warts and spinules.
|
|
The pollen of most octolepidoideae are provided with small spinules on the outer covering of their pollen grains.
|
|
Spinules are small spines or thornsDictionary.com (vertebral columns) that are part of biological and manmade structures. The word originates from the Latin word and is often used in botany and zoology. The presence or absence of spinules, and their shape, can differentiate species and is used to describe and distinguish anatomical features.
|
|
Adult males of Nymphargus siren measure in snout–vent length. Snout is truncate and dorsal skin is shagreen with spinules.
|
|
Mature males have a subgular vocal sac, grey nuptials pads, and many tiny spinules on the throat and the chest.
|
|
The coenosteum lining the skeleton is covered with spinules. The Pocilloporidae are closely related to the other coral families, Astrocoeniidae and Acroporidae.
|
|
The body is covered by tiny spinules. The forelimbs are elongate and slender. The hind limbs are slender. The toes are webbed.
|
|
The tibia have black crossbars. Males have paired vocal sacs and nuptial pads made of cream- colored or dusky velvety c1usters of spinules.
|
|
Upon collection and examination of this species, it is observed to have several distinct physical attributes. One trait is the fine dermal spinules, along with simple and bifurcate dermal spinules, covering the body. It also has four pectoral lateral-line neuromasts, which are sensory organs characteristic to fish and aquatic organisms. It has a greyish mouth, and semi-transparent, light-greyish skin.
|
|
The skin has warts. Hands and feet have fleshy webbing, reaching the tips of the first three fingers in the hands. Pelophryne misera are sexually dimorphic: males have a median subgular vocal sac, a row of yellow or brown spinules under the mandible, and a yellow or brown nuptial pad on the first finger. They also have minute spinules distributed over their whole dorsum.
|
|
Nymphargus ruizi are relatively small frogs: adult males measure in snout–vent length. The skin of the dorsum is smooth, with or without spinules. Vomerine teeth are absent.
|
|
Males measure and one female in snout–vent length. Dorsum is dark green with shagreen skin with spinules and white warts. Iris is pale bronze with black reticulation.
|
|
The species can identified by the presence of calcareous spinules on flounces of the hemipenis. Tail slightly compressed and lack tubercles. Tubercles are also absent on sides of neck and gular regions.
|
|
The male holotype measures about in snout–vent length and two female paratypes about . The snout is rounded in lateral view. Dorsal skin is shagreen with spinules. The hands and feet are moderately webbed.
|
|
Adult males measure in snout–vent length. The snout is truncate or round in lateral view. The texture of dorsal skin is shagreen and includes spinules and white warts. The toes have some webbing.
|
|
Males measure in snout–vent length. They have a truncate snout and shagreen dorsum with spinules. Centrolene notosticta is one of the few Centroleninae species in which females place egg clutches on undersides of leaves.
|
|
Supratympanic bony crests are thick and the parotoid glands are large. Skin bears large, round warts; ventral skin is granular. Warts of head, trunk, and limbs have melanic spinules on their tips. Toes have extensive webbing.
|
|
Mature larvae are larger, measuring . The body is short and stout. The integument (a tough outer protective layer of an organism) are spinulose, bearing small spines. These spinules are in short transverse rows both ventrally and posteriorly.
|
|
Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. Males usually have horn-like spinules in the dorsum; females are shagreened. The tympanum is not prominent whereas the supratympanic fold is distinct. The canthal edges are indistinct.
|
|
Axial corallites can have diameters of between . Radial corallites are tube-shaped, neat, orderly, and they are the same sizes. They contain basic spinules. The branches may grow to lengths of up to and diameters of between .
|
|
A striated frogfish, with upturned mouth, very distinct spinules, and esca in the form of a white worm A frogfish in Mactan, Philippines Frogfishes have a stocky appearance, atypical of fish. Ranging from long, their plump, high-backed, unstreamlined body is scaleless and bare, often covered with bumpy, bifurcated spinules. Their short bodies have between 18 and 23 vertebrae and their mouths are upward-pointed with palatal teeth. They are often brightly coloured, white, yellow, red, green, or black or spotted in several colours to blend in with their coral surroundings.
|
|
It is mostly monosulcate, with some trichotomosulcate variants. The pollen have a net like or reticulate sculpturing with columellar structures. The mori have distinct features which could be either microverrae or supratectal spinules which is a trait shared with Hedyosmum.
|
|
The flanks are light brown with dark brown spots. The forelimbs are banded. The venter is light yellow or earthly-yellow; the throat and chest have grayish-brown tiny spinules. The ventral surface of the thigh has deep olive to gray-brown spots.
|
|
Spiniphryne is distinguished from all other oneirodids by tiny, close- set dermal spinules that entirely cover the body and fins. Males and larvae have yet to be encountered. The two species of Spiniphryne are distinguished from each other by details of the esca ("lure").
|
|
Compared to older larvae, young larva bodies are stouter and the outlines are straighter. Thirteen differentiated somites are present. Spinules (small spines or thorns) are more prominent at the posterior end. The length of the body hair is extremely short, measuring 0.002–0.015mm long.
|
|
The parotoid glands are parallel and almost touching the eyes. The toes are about one-third webbed. The upper surfaces and the flanks are covered with conical warts that are tipped with sharp, brown, cornified spinules. The skin of the lower surface is coarsely granular.
|
|
For terms see Morphology of Diptera These are slender, medium-sized flies, with long abdomens. The hind femora are thickened, and bear two rows of spinules on the lower side. The costa is entire and the anal cell is elongated. They have no ocelli.
|
|
The finger tips are expanded into discs. The toe tips are expanded into large triangular discs; the toes are almost fully webbed. Adult male have fine, white spinules forming an 8-shaped figure on the chest. Coloration is dorsally olive-green, usually with brownish dots.
|
|
Meiosimyza rorida can reach a body length of about . These small flies have rounded, yellowish bodies with dark bristles. They show characteristic sternopleural setae and anteroventral comb-like rows of black spinules on the fore femora. The head is yellowish-white, with large reddish compound eyes.
|
|
The eye group is compact, with the front row slightly procurved. The sternum lacks spinules, and the labium has nine cuspules, eight of which are in an irregular row, with one anterior to them. There is one large tarsal claw sometimes with one small one beneath it.
|
|
The radial corallites are small and are both surrounded by and contain elaborate spinules. The species looks similar to Acropora caroliniana and Acropora granulosa. It is found in sheltered lagoons, flats of shallow reefs, patch reefs, and in other shallow marine environments. It occurs at depths of between .
|
|
The fish is covered with minute spinules that give it a velvety texture. The lateral line system has prominent open canals. The pectoral fins are small, with 14 fin rays. The first dorsal fin ray is modified into an angling apparatus (the illicium) with a lure (the esca).
|
|
The abdominal somites are smooth and their pleura are rounded. The sixth somite is about twice as long as the fifth, its pleura are triangular and bluntly pointed. The telson is 1.5 times as long as the sixth somite. The dorsal surface of the telson carries two pairs of spinules.
|
|
Jellyella closely resemble Membranipora, and in common with other members of the family Membraniporidae has twinned ancestrular zooids. However, Jellyella can be distinguished by the presence of intricately branched processes (called spinules) projecting into the zooidal chambers. Jellyella also have a calcitic skeletal ultrastructure made up of transversely arranged, elongate spindles.
|
|
The pelvic fins contain 5 rays each and are placed beneath the body. The skin is densely covered with bifurcate spinules; there are also varying numbers of large, fringed filaments over the head and body. The coloration ranges from pale gray to greenish to brown, with darker markings. The fin membranes are thin and translucent.
|
|
The antennae of these larvae are half the length of the head and are smooth. The antenna setae 1-A are single. Head hair 5 is typically single, and head hair 6 is generally double. Comb scales on the abdomen are in a single irregular row with each comb having a blunt spine evenly fringed with short spinules.
|
|
Commerson's frogfish grows up to . Like other members of its family, it has a globular, extensible body. The soft skin is covered with small dermal spinules. Its skin is partially covered with a few small, wartlike protuberances, some variably shaped, scab-like blotches, and a few, small eye spots (ocelli) reminiscent of the holes in sponges.
|
|
Fertile shoot with growing branches Equisetum pratense has whitish-green and slender sterile stems that grow tall, with 8 to 20 ridges that bear three rows of flat spinules. The centrum is approximately one sixth of the diameter of the stem. The pale sheaths bear slender brown teeth with white margins. Cones mature in late spring.
|
|
Axial corallites are located on the ends of the branch tips, and are small with outer diameters of between and inner diameters of . Radial corallites are regularly arranged and found in rows, and are tube-shaped. It contains a small number of randomly positioned spinules. It is similar to Acropora massawensis and other species of the robusta group.
|
|
The blackfin grenadier has two dorsal spines and between 25 and 39 dorsal rays. It has a large head, large eyes, and a pointed snout. The body tapers into a posterior point starting behind the first dorsal fin. The scales of the blackfin grenadier are covered in fine, conical spinules except on the posterior and ventral parts of the trunk and tail.
|
|
The fingers have lateral dermal fringes and only rudimentary webbing, whereas the toes are medially webbed. Skin of the upper side is rough with glandular folds, glandular warts, and horn-like spinules. The upper parts are dark green and red-brown; the flanks grade from yellow through dark brown to light brown. The chest and abdomen are yellow and bear bright-yellow spots.
|
|
On the inner edge of the palm (manus) are four lengthwise rows of small spinules. The fixed finger (pollex) of the claw possesses a large tooth that fits into a groove in the movable finger (dactylus). They have a slight gape when closed fully, about two-fifths of the length from the base. They are about the same length as the palm.
|
|
This can be segmented into the cephalothorax (head and thorax) and the abdomen. The cephalothorax has a thoracic horn, the main respiratory organ, and the leg sheath that cover the legs and fold back beneath the wings. The abdomen contains a distribution of spines, spinules, and tubercles. These have been described as having a Tergal pattern or as an armament of some sort.
|
|
Astreopora listeri may form hemispherical mounds or flattened and partially encrusting colonies. The corallites are crowded and not arranged in any particular pattern. They are immersed and have small circular openings surrounded by delicate feathery spinules, giving the colony a rough surface. This coral resembles Astreopora myriophthalma and Astreopora randalli in appearance and is usually cream, pale brown or grey.
|
|
This small fish grows up to long. Like other members of its family, it has a rounded, extensible body, and its soft skin is covered with irregularly-arranged dermal spinules resembling hairs. Its large mouth is forwardly extensible, allowing it to swallow prey as large as itself. The coloring of its body is extremely variable because individual fish tend to match their living environments.
|
|
Mature males measure and females in snout–vent length. The head has many ridges (the supratympanic ridge being wider than the others) and is covered above and on the sides with smooth warts with melanic spinules; also, the parotoid glands have such warts. The body and the limbs are covered by spinous warts. The dorsum and sides are reddish-ash or reddish-brown, marbled with dark brown.
|
|
At its next stage, the larvae turns into a pupa. The puparium (the hardened exoskeleton that protects the pupa) is long and narrow, measuring 4.41-6.23 mm long and 1.75-2.51 mm wide. The pupa is light yellow-brown to reddish brown, with segments 2-4 and 12 darker than the remainder. Spinules are arranged in the same manner as in the 3rd-instar larva.
|
|
The origin of gecko adhesion likely started as simple modifications to the epidermis on the underside of the toes. This was recently discovered in the genus Gonatodes from South America. Simple elaborations of the epidermal spinules into setae have enabled Gonatodes humeralis to climb smooth surfaces and sleep on smooth leaves. Biomimetic technologies designed to mimic gecko adhesion could produce reusable self- cleaning dry adhesives with many applications.
|
|
Astropecten duplicatus normally has five long slender, tapering arms which are flattened dorso-ventrally. The aboral (upper) surface has a single row of large marginal plates around the edges of the arms. These are granular, and the two that are closest to the disc each bear a conical spine, although this is often worn away. Other marginal plates and the plates on the oral (lower) surface bear many fine blunt spinules.
|
|
The painted frogfish grows up to long. Like other members of its family, it has a globulous, extensible body, with soft skin is covered with small dermal spinules. Its skin is covered partially with few, small, wart-like protuberances, some variably shaped, scab-like blotches and many small eye spots (ocelli) which look like sponges holes. Its large prognathous mouth allows it to consume prey its same size.
|
|
Selkirkia had a body divisible into a proboscis towards the anterior of a trunk enclosed by a tube. The proboscis would have been partially invertable and was armed with several spinules and spines, decreasing size distally overall. It was controlled by at least two sets of anterior retractor muscles. Immediately behind the proboscis was the trunk, smooth for the most part but lined with papillae towards the anterior.
|
|
The dactylus is slender and bifid, having less than 1/5 of the length of the propodus. The propodus bears about seven spinules on the posterior margin. The endopod of the fifth pleopod of the male is widened distally and has an irregularly rounded outline. The second male pleopod has the appendix masculina about as slender, but slightly longer than the appendix interna; it ends in a number of strong setae.
|
|
The dorsal fin of A. multilineatus has ten to eleven soft rays and the anal fin has nine to eleven. The body is covered with small spinules except around the eyes and mouth, the gill openings, the fin bases and the sides of the caudal peduncle. This fish grows to a maximum length of . It is characterised by having narrow white convoluted linear markings on a deep greenish-brown background.
|
|
Strabomantis anatipes is a large species: males measure more than and females > in snout–vent length. In males, skin of dorsum bears numerous pimple like spinules and a pair of sinuous postorbital ridges, but is smooth with low tubercles, short ridges, and postorbital ridges in females. They are greenish brown with orangish warts and ridges. Groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs are dull yellow with black reticulation.
|
|
The surface of this gill tract bore several spinules (small spines), which resulted in an enlarged surface area. It was composed of spongy tissue due to many invaginations in the structure. Though the kiemenplatte is referred to as a "gill tract", it may not necessarily have functioned as actual gills. In other animals, gills are used for oxygen uptake from water and are outgrowths of the body wall.
|
|
The axial corallites, located on the ends of the branchlets, are small with outer diameters of between 1.5 and 2.6mm and inner diameters of 0.6-1.5mm. Incipient axial corallites frequently occur on the branchlets, giving them a spikey surface. The radial corallites are located in close proximity and contain small nose-shaped openings and randomly placed spinules. This species looks similar to Acropora clathrata, Acropora parapharaonis, and Acropora plumosa.
|
|
Antennatus sanguineus is a small sized fish which grows up to . Like other members of its family, it has a globulous, extensible body and the soft skin is covered with small dermal spinules. The large mouth of this fish is prognathous and allows it to consume prey its same size. The coloring of the body is variable and ranges from yellow, or yellow brown, to reddish with brown spotting and mottling.
|
|
Frogfishes are any member of the anglerfish family Antennariidae, of the order Lophiiformes. Antennariids are known as anglerfishes in Australia, where the term "frogfish" refers to members of the unrelated family Batrachoididae. Frogfishes are found in almost all tropical and subtropical oceans and seas around the world, the primary exception being the Mediterranean Sea. Frogfishes are small, short and stocky, and sometimes covered in spinules and other appendages to aid in camouflage.
|
|
Mycena tenuispinosa is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It was described as new to science by Swiss naturalist Jules Favre in 1957. Classified in the section Basipedes of the genus Mycena, it is characterized by the presence of sharp spinules of the surface of its cap. It has been reported from several western European countries, including Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, and the Netherlands, and in 2006, it was recorded from Poland.
|
|
Electron micrograph of a hatching fire ant egg Eggs are tiny and oval-shaped, remaining the same size for around a week. After one week, the egg assumes the shape of an embryo and forms as a larva when the egg shell is removed. Larvae measure . They show a similar appearance to S. geminata larvae, but they can be distinguished by the integument with spinules on top of the dorsal portion of the posterior somites.
|
|
Tarsistes philippii is a taxonomically dubious species of guitarfish, family Rhinobatidae. It is known only from a dried head from the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile. The head had a long, thin, flat snout, rounded at the tip like that of the goblin shark, and the underside covered with small stellate prickles except for the base. The head was covered with larger spinules, with six still larger ones forming a curve around the eye.
|
|
The pectoral fins contain 15 to 18 soft rays each; the pelvic fins are thoracic and contain one spine and six soft rays; the caudal fin is forked. The interior of the mouth and gill cavity is a bluish black; the mouth itself is large and strongly oblique. The scales are ctenoid and adherent. The lateral line is uninterrupted, with 28 to 32 scales whose spinules or 'ctenii' largely obscure the lateral line's pores.
|
|
The head is pale homogenously sclerotised and sparsely setiferous. The clypeolabrum is rounded and sits as a semicircle protruding down from between the large, prominent eyes; frontal part flat or weakly concave. Antenna is very short, extending to about one fourth of the distance between eye and the widest lateral margin of the pronotum; loose three-segmented club is distinctly visible; club does not have any spinules or setae. Maxillary palps well visible, last segment enlarged.
|
|
The color of the squamation of the red-lipped batfish is shagreen-like with a relatively smooth texture. The bucklers are concealed by a layer of fine spinules. Ogcocephalus darwini body plan When compared to the porrectus, the red-lipped batfish has a shorter disk perimeter but higher fibre pectoral fin ray count. Regarding the number of scales along the lateral like, there are four to nine subopercular scales, six to nine on the cheek, usually.
|
|
Hands have no webbing but have lateral dermal fringes; toes are slightly webbed. Dorsum bears spinular projections, and much of the dorsal surfaces are shagreened with some granular projections. Upper eyelids are shagreened with some prominent horny spinules, and sides of head are shagreened with prominent tubercles. Dorsum is light-reddish brown, grey, or light-grey, with a light black stripe between the eyes and a pair of brown concave stripes running from behind the eye to the vent.
|
|
The segments vary in pigmentation but contain 3–4 rows of dark pigmentation and are followed by a series of smaller, colorless spinules that extend from the outer edge of the larvae's body to the midline. Lateral bars fuse together to form a mouth-hook-like structure. The second instar is similar to the third instar larva. The length at this point ranges from 2.74–4.71 mm, with a maximum width of around 0.61–0.91 mm.
|
|
Another species in the same genus was collected with similar traits to the above species, but some noticeable differences. The spinules are distributed widely throughout the body, similar to C. spinosis, but are simple with a large base (different from that of C. spinosis which has simple as well as bifurcate dermal spindles). They also differ slightly in color. The inside of the mouth, the head, the gill chamber, and the anterior portion of the body are dark brown to black.
|
|
Pseudophilautus dilmah, the Dilmah shrub frog, is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae, endemic to Sri Lanka. The species was discovered and documented in 2015 by Sri Lankan prominent wildlife researcher and herpetologist Mendis Wickramasinghe and his crew from Loolkandura forest of Central highlands of Sri Lanka. It is distinguished mainly from other shrub frogs by the absence of nuptial pads and anterior and posterior dorsum without horny spinules. Its natural habitats are wet highland forests of Sri Lanka.
|
|
Reproduction is oviparous; the eggs are pelagic and measure in diameter and contain a clear oil globule and six dark pigment patches, which become distributed along the newly hatched larva from in front of the eyes to the tip of the notochord. These patches eventually disappear and the body darkens overall to black. The eggs are mostly found in winter off South Africa; juveniles have been found from April to August off Bermuda. The larvae and juveniles are covered in small, projecting spinules.
|
|
The similarities between Clavatipollenites hughesii and Ascarina pollen are manifold. There is similarity in the pollen shape, with both being monosulcate and with reticulate columnar structure. In addition to this, the Clavatipollenites hughesii share the less common features of Ascarina pollen, such as spinules on the mori, which some believe is evidence of a direct link between the species of plants. The shared traits between the two pollen types are not direct proof, as clear differences can be found amongst other pollen types studied under SEM.
|
|
Entomological Society of Canada (1863-1871), Entomological Society of Canada (1951- ), Entomological Society of Ontario The Canadian entomologist. p. 51. Item notes: v. 19-20 - 1887 The development of spinules in the eye may be affected by dopamine, circadian rhythms, and exposure to light or dark environments, according to a studies of controlling mechanisms.Helga Kolb, Harris Ripps, John E. Dowling, Samuel Miao- sin Wu Concepts and challenges in retinal biology: a tribute to John E. Dowling page 531 2001John Simon Werner, Leo M. Chalupa The visual neurosciences Item notes: v.
|
|
The New Ireland stingaree or black-spotted stingaree (Spinilophus armatus) is a species of stingray in the family Urolophidae, known only from a single juvenile male long, collected in the Bismarck Archipelago. This species has an oval pectoral fin disc with tiny eyes and a rectangular curtain of skin between the nostrils. Its tail is fairly long and terminates in a leaf-shaped caudal fin, and lacks a dorsal fin. Uniquely among stingarees, it has rows of sharp spinules on the posterior portion of its back and the base of its tail.
|
|
Black seadevils are characterised by a gelatinous, mostly scaleless, globose body, a large head, and generous complement of menacingly large, sharp, glassy, fang-like teeth lining the jaws of a cavernous, oblique mouth. These teeth are depressible and present only in females. Some species have a scattering of epidermal spinules on the body, and the scales (when present) are conical, hollow, and translucent. Like other anglerfishes, black seadevils possess an illicium and esca; the former being a modified dorsal spine--the "fishing rod"--and the latter being the bulbous, bioluminescent "fishing lure".
|
|
The Immature stages of Anastrepha are poorly known. There are only 20 Anastrepha species with thorough description of eggs which include photomicroscopy. With regard to larval description, there are only 22 thorough description of the third instar-larval which represent less than 10% of the total number of described species to date. Ideally, a complete larval description should include a combination of drawings and imagery (using compound microscope and SEM) of the morphological structures such as antennal and maxillary sensory organ, oral ridges, Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (CPS), both dorsal and ventral spinules, and anterior and posterior spiracles.
|
|
One suggested possibility is that anomalocaridids fed by grabbing one end of their prey in their jaws while using their appendages to quickly rock the other end of the animal back and forth. This produced stresses that exploited the weaknesses of arthropod cuticles, causing the prey's exoskeleton to rupture and allowing the predator to access its innards. This behaviour was originally thought to have provided an evolutionary pressure for trilobites to roll up, to avoid being flexed until they snapped. Anomalocaris magnabasis, a large species of Anomalocaris discovered south of the Burgess Shale, had spinules projecting from the spine base.
|
|
Whorls are very slightly convex beneath, strongly spirally ribbed and grooved. The ribs are six in number on the upper whorls and rounded; the two above are much more slender than the four beneath; the uppermost borders the suture; the next lies in the concavity at the top of the whorls; and the rest surround the slight convexity, and are three times as broad as the sulci separating them. All the whorls, with the exception of the last four, are coronated at the slight angle below the excavation with very short, hollow, oblique spinules. Some of the spiral grooves exhibit rows of fine granules.
|
|
The antennae are outside the orbits but are in contact with the supraorbital lobe at their base. The chelipeds are covered with large granules and/or squamiform markings and have distinct black tips with blue spots, this bright blue colour is also visible at the base of the cheliped. The anterior border of the merus of the cheliped has three spines with a single distal spine on its posterior border; the carpus has a robust spine on its inner angle and three spinules on its outer angle. The last pair of legs are flattened and can be rotated in a propeller like manner allowing the crab to swim in any direction.
|
|
Morphological synapomorphies are defined as such from Zaher et al. (2009): > Loss of the right carotid artery; intercostal arteries arising from the > dorsal aorta throughout the trunk at intervals of several body segments; > specialized expanded costal cartilages; presence of a muscle protractor > laryngeus; separate muscle protractor quadrati; separate spinalis and > semispinalis portion in the epaxial trunk; spinules or spines covering the > hemipenial body. Traditionally the name "Colubroidea" was used for this clade. This was seen problematic, however, as many of the same studies that support this clade of snakes also advocated for the various subfamilies of Colubridae to be reevaluated as proper families in their own right.
|
|
The pterygiophore of the illicium does not protrude from the snout, and there is no hyoid barbel. At maturity, the streamlined males have an enlarged posterior nostril (with 10 – 17 lamellae); slightly ovoid eye with an enlarged pupil creating a narrow anterior aphakic space; no ilicium or esca; and the head and body is covered in dermal spinules, those along the snout midline being enlarged. The jaw lacks teeth, whereas those of the denticular bone have fused into a larger mass; the upper denticular bone possesses 10 – 17 hooked denticles. In both sexes, the fins are spineless: the single dorsal fin with 5 – 6 soft rays, the pectoral fins with 14 – 18, the anal fin with four, and the caudal fin with 19.
|
|
All fins are spinous (excluding the low-slung pectoral fins) and rounded: the single dorsal fin has three to three to eight spines and 10–19 soft rays; the pelvic fins are thoracic with one spine and six or seven soft rays; the anal fin has two or three spines and eight to 12 soft rays; and even the forked caudal fin possesses four to seven procurrent spines on each lobe. The scales of slimeheads are ctenoid, but vary interspecifically; they range from deciduous to adherent. In most species, the ventral scales between the pelvic fin and anus have been modified into a median ridge of large, bony scutes. The lateral line is uninterrupted and fairly obvious; its pores are largely obscured by the scales' well-developed spinules or ctenii.
|
|
Chaceon crosnieri differs from C. affinis in that the carapace is more inflated, the outer orbital and the suborbital teeth are stronger, the subdistal tooth on the merus of the cheliped is stronger and the cheliped is smoother dorsally; the carpus of the walking legs lacks dorsal spinules, and the merus of the walking legs has a strong distal dorsal spine. It differs from C. chuni in being much larger up to , the carapace is more inflated, the gap between the first and second anterolateral tooth of the carapace is larger; the frontal teeth of the carapace are stronger, the suborbital spine is smaller, and the carpus of the cheliped lacks an outer spine. Chaceon crosnieri is a smoother species than C. bicolor, with shorter and stouter legs, the suborbital spine is lower and blunter, and the distal projection on the merus of the walking legs is much less developed in larger specimens. This species is named after Alain Crosnier.
|
|