Jumping cholla cactusPhoto: L. Brian StaufferThe spines varied in their puncturing abilities, but it turned out that barbed spines took far less force to poke a hole in a surface than the non-barbed spines did, according to the study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. And the barbed spines stayed anchored.
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More generally, they hope to understand why cacti evolve different spines, and more generally how the shapes of spines in nature across species can depend on their functions.
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While scientists previously assumed that Pheidole spines evolved for defense, micro-CT revealed that the soldier ants have exaggerated shoulder spines wrapped in a layer of muscle tissue.
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"When threatened, the squid will wrap its arms over its head exposing long spines, but this thought thought to be a 'bluff' since the spines are actually soft and fleshy," he said.
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Inside, we run our fingers along the spines of DVDs.
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And some spines were really good at doing their job.
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People who enjoy having their spines tingled and bones chilled.
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Which brings us to the sudden stiffening of Republican spines.
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These beats pound like hearts pound, shiver like spines shiver.
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The warmer the water, the more fish grew curved spines.
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Many patients with osteoporosis have multiple fractures of their spines.
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But how did it escape with just its spines scorched?
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But Boris Johnson's increasingly hardline policies have stiffened their spines.
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But it does offer some insight into why cacti evolve spines.
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Dominique was also born with two spines that were closely connected.
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They don't anticipate that having the two spines will affect her.
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The prick of those spines should spur us into collective action.
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Still it will have sent a chill down the bosses' spines.
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When they turn into moths, their poisonous spines will be gone.
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All because of a chance discovery of fish with curvy spines.
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Will future generations simply have VR headsets wired to their spines?
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The events of this week have put steel in our spines.
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What the industry does: Treat ailments of patients' spines and backs.
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A pelvis joined their hind limbs to their spines, for example.
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I think there's two spines of criticism, to use your metaphor.
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These numbers may stiffen the spines of some Republicans in Congress.
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" He added that Trump's comments "should send shivers down our spines.
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B.I.' and it sends a shiver up and down people's spines.
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That's especially useful if you need something to stab cactus spines into.
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The scientists began by collecting five spines each from six cactus specimens.
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We all know the devastating results of broken backs and crushed spines.
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"Half the battle is making sure Democrats have spines," says Mr Levin.
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Mourinho has always made sure to have strong spines in his sides.
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Their spines are pulled straight, like a string is holding them upright.
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Despite their beauty, many deliver toxic venom through spines on their bodies.
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" Sonic shouted, halfway to the next tower, "Helps if you have spines.
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Music can send chills up some people's spines and give them goosebumps.
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Congressional threats have probably already done long-term damage to corporate spines.
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Director Wray's remarks should send a chill down all of our spines.
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" Joan's mother advises her to sit up straight: "Spines are very suggestible.
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It sent shivers of delight up the spines of vintage-shoppers everywhere.
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Yet the dances makes spines and legs look just as lavishly resourceful.
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Before the 16th century, books weren't even shelved with their spines out.
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Be careful not to get stuck by the fishes' long, venomous spines.
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Cut off the spines before using it raw in ceviche or sushi.
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When disturbed, the bluegill stretches out its spines into perfect piercing position.
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" But, to be safe, she said, "journalists need to steel their spines.
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The historic vote sent shivers down the spines of many South Koreans.
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Humans don't have penile spines, unlike many of our close primate relatives.
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That simple statement of fact ought not to send shivers down policymakers' spines.
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In 2017 Amazon sent shivers down American grocers' spines by buying Whole Foods.
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Godchild: Concerning Faith; they can trace the jackets and spines of books by
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The powerful #MeToo movement, sensible, patriotic Republicans with spines and the 2018 elections.
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Dancers bend from the knee or waist; arms and spines ripple and stretch.
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If spooked, they can burst straight into the wall, shattering their own spines.
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Such a reminder can only send a shiver down the New Zealanders' spines.
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They have injured spines, costly cancers and risky conditions including epilepsy and diabetes.
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All the birch trees wore different spots on their long and beautiful spines.
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The idea of an impending math test might send shivers down their spines.
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Tall shelves hold hundreds of books, organized by catalogue numbers on their spines.
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I thumbed through the shelves, pulling out spines one by one without luck.
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The Pennsylvania election this week should send shivers up the spines of Republicans.
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Medacta, which employs 930 people, develops and manufactures orthopedic implants for knees and spines.
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Up close, a cat tongue almost resembles a forest of backward-facing hedgehog spines.
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"The decision, understandably, is sending shivers down investors spines," PVM said in a note.
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Instead of pushing with their feet, they use the little spines on their legs.
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The cats' spines were reportedly removed from their bodies and some cats were dismembered.
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The catfish turned out to be armoured, and on being swallowed raised its spines.
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Google Books contains more than 25 million volumes, disembodied like spirits from their spines.
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Still, Anton hopes people will do more than impress their friends with fancy spines.
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I brush my fingers along the spines before making my way to the exit.
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Many Trainers have left this world after their spines were squashed by its hug.
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I'd begun to put thoughts of crushed spines and jellyfish out of my mind.
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Her remarks last Thursday night seemed to stiffen the spines of other European leaders.
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Here's the sound of flicked cactus spines, brushed trunks or rubbed leaves between fingers.
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"They said that we were pussies, that we had lost out spines," he said.
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In their heyday they developed many exotic features including, in some species, long spines.
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Then the movie played, sending almost pleasurable shudders of environmental horror down people's spines.
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One by one, I ran my index finger along the spines of the books.
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Their fossils were found with preserved shells and sea urchin spines in their guts.
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One machine, which looks like a weaving loom, stitches spines onto stacks of papers.
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This descriptor sent shivers down the spines of millions of Americans, especially LGBTQ people.
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Vice President Mike Pence was on Capitol Hill, attempting to inject steel into Republican spines.
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Soccer girls stand like they know which angles are bad for their knees and spines.
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Diddy's ppl copied and pasted the spines 3 times in Photoshop and I am overcome!
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The fierce spines of the blackthorn or hawthorn held a petticoat as well as anything.
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Cats' tongues, specialised for this task, are covered in hundreds of backward-facing keratin spines.
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Books should live freely, without shame, their spines open to the sun and the wind.
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Perhaps they sense us, their ghostly visitors; perhaps a chill runs down their ceramic spines.
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Hold on to your dragon spines, we're going on a wild ride through Speculation's Landing.
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One thing my tour guide pointed out: Notice you don't see any book spines here?
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But bulldogs and terriers are even worse off, since most are born with deformed spines.
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That subtle change might then account for the misshapen spines seen in these poor dogs.
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The male seed beetle, for instance, has an outrageously long penis that's lined with spines.
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Some species sprouted spectacular spines It was the Ordovician era that provided the best trilobites.
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But its rattle was a searing, almost mechanical sound that sent chills down our spines.
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Its spherical body is defended by hundreds of spines that can pierce through human skin.
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So that's the trouble, you can't pull it out because they dig in those spines.
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It is going to be exhausting, and, we know from experience, unkind to aging spines.
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Of course, Russia's 2014 annexing of Crimea in Ukraine sent a chill up European spines.
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Others still say tunnel collapses killed their children, broke their spines, or maimed their limbs.
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Studying a suite of spines could allow engineers to develop the ideal stabby-and-latchy contraption.
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They used the scans and imaging to create a 3-D model of Dominique's two spines.
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"No matter how urban you are, we all have nature in our spines," Heidi told me.
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So, because he knows the technical term and Trump uses spines, somehow he&aposs more sophisticated.
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Together, the spines of the three books come together to make the fabled Doors of Durin.
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The "thoroughly trained" staff at Whole Foods is going to remove those venomous spines very carefully.
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An outrageously long penis that's lined with spines Male death-watch beetles are also pretty quirky.
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I've been pulling the phrases from the spines of discs lined up beneath my television set.
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Warren is sending chills down the spines of Wall Street executives, CNBC's Jim Cramer said Tuesday.
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If you look at the photos of the larvae it has all these backward-facing spines.
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Ross dragging me along to the Morgan Library to read the spines of fifteenth-century books.
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Photos of textbooks with missing pages and duct-taped spines have gone viral on social media.
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All those strong spines, those necks effortlessly holding those heads; all those hands easily grasping, pulling, tugging.
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The study isn't an exhaustive look at cactus spines, and the researchers have further avenues to explore.
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Some viewers find the videos relaxing because the techniques can trigger tingling in their scalps and spines.
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I felt sweat slide down our spines and the scrape and glide of fabrics I wasn't wearing.
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Cocktails, which have stiff spines, can make the clock tick faster; so can the fine domestic beers.
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When it's ready to move on, it releases the spines and flies off into the wild blue.
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"He may," she said, instantly sending a shiver of fear down the spines of health reform's supporters.
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Trilobite fossils generally have a top half-circle piece followed by a pinecone-like series of spines.
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And you know what the scientists say: the bigger the penis spines, the more numerous the offspring.
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Note the varieties of fonts Mr. Shelley and Mr. Paulson have digitally devised for the book spines.
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I saw the armchair generals stiffening their spines in the swivel chairs of the cable network studios.
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The spines scar the copulatory duct pretty badly, so females are better off with thicker duct walls.
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The video game Mortal Kombat X features spines being snapped, heads crushed and players being diced into cubes.
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But their spines may be stiffened by the example of America's reworked trade deal with Canada and Mexico.
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Predictably, rather than bringing Iran's leaders to their knees, America's belligerence has caused them to stiffen their spines.
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The longest of the rod-like neural spines measured nearly 5 feet in length, close to 150 centimeters.
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People with broken spines, fractured arms and limbs and ribcage damage were also being treated in the hospital.
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If June had a chance to read the books' spines, she would be even more scared of Lawrence.
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They evolved in the shallow coasts around supercontinents and they were some of our earliest ancestors with spines.
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So as they move around the spines kind of push into your nerves and doing all these things.
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Our own species belongs to one branch, the vertebrates (animals with spines), along with birds, reptiles and fish.
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She called Mr. Trump's first appointments extreme and said they had helped to "stiffen the spines" of Democrats.
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"A personal favorite is creating a pile of books that goes from purple to blue on the spines."
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He sees older women who suffer from compression fractures up and down their spines, the result of osteoporosis.
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For those of you who are brave enough to go to this screening, I salute your spines of steel.
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The spines were supplied by an Illinois seller of donated body parts, Innoved Institute LLC, a seminar executive said.
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But by drawing the book spines myself, I see the exact edition and copy of the one I read.
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The distinctive feature of the newcomers is a crop of fierce-looking spines jutting out of their dorsal plates.
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In the well-worn spines of her notebooks, for example, or the hasty scribbles across her LaCie Rugged drives.
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That said, there are certainly "puffers" in New England waters — like the northern puffer — but they don't have spines.
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One debtor included as property not only cabinets, desks and computers, but also spines, heads and other body parts.
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Astronauts get taller in space because the absence of gravity allows the vertebrae in their spines to spread apart.
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Running like spines through the three-square-mile borough are the commercial drag of Washington Avenue and railroad tracks.
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Fortunately, some hosts have stiffened their spines of late, criticising the government for a poor economy, among other things.
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But when they reached their "teenage" years, they developed severe curves in their spines, just like humans with scoliosis.
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That crackdown has sent chills down the spines of many potential deal-makers and heightened caution in corporate boardrooms.
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Several rabbits had broken spines, and many pregnant rabbits had to have abortions in the aftermath, the report said.
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But when dosed with ketamine, after 12 hours, the mice began to grow back about half of those spines.
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Where are their spines, as he trashes American values abroad and re-writes Republicanism for the worse at home?
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Reminiscent of carnivorous plants with alluring spines and bulbous forms, the sculptures deserve to be seen in the round.
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Angelenos looked at these proud, painted men and women, and felt our spines stiffen for the fights to come.
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Of course, the threat of de-identification would likely send shivers down the spines of both donors and recipients.
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But there are some light blue spines that pop out, to match the robin's-egg blue of the walls.
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The purpose of these sharp spines quickly becomes apparent to anyone who has ever handled one of these fish.
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It also sent a chill down the spines of neighboring countries and triggered alarm bells at the United Nations.
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" Elizabeth Hardwick wrote: "The novels are prickled like a sea urchin with the spines and fuzz of many indecencies.
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"We put a lot of shearing on our spines, a lot of rotation," Woods said of golfers in general.
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And even when she does she sends a chill down the spines of anyone who cares about free expression.
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Suddenly, body parts start raining down from 20 stories above: brains and lungs, spines and tongues askew against jawbones.
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Barbed spines aren't unique to cacti, though, and this lab at the University of Illinois studies all sorts of pokers.
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Now, the rescue is focused on helping Bear grow back his spines, which are his natural defense in the wild.
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After they're born, the little puggles cozy up in their mothers' pouch until they grow spines and hair for protection.
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A new Fox News poll about impeachment should send shivers down the spines of President Donald Trump and his supporters.
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These now-extinct sharks featured exaggerated and oddly shaped dorsal fin spines, some resembling sailing booms and others ironing boards.
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For the perfect shelfie, the books in the background need to be close enough that we can read the spines.
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I can't help but think that the spines functioned in the same way as Johnny Rotten's hair: to get attention.
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For that hypothesis to work, however, the long spines would need to be strong enough to avoid shattering or fracturing.
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In humans, the sting of their spines can cause severe pain, respiratory distress, and in some particularly nasty cases, paralysis.
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The spines, skin and valuable organs were expertly dissected and the heart, lung and liver cooked and eaten straight away.
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Our teacher guided us into the pose, then told us to lower our shoulders, lengthen our spines, open our chests.
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He still had spines and burs in his feet when he stumbled into his family's living room, his mother said.
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The nation's lawmakers must stiffen their spines, ignore divisive language and schedule votes in this congressional session on reform legislation.
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Some mantis shrimp spear their victims with harpoon-like spines on the ends of their limbs up to 16 m.p.h.
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She reminded us to sit tall, lengthen our spines, relax our bellies, shoulders, and jaws, and to unfurrow our eyebrows.
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By the time we returned to port, the makeshift table was littered with breadcrumbs, urchin spines and splashes of wine.
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I saw a report on The Today Show that first-time surfers have been accordioning their spines and getting paralyzed.
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For the next 60 years, children and teenagers with twisted spines and withered legs were a common sight in America.
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The fixtures attaching the rosettes to his PVC coat were the tiny spines of traditional corset boning, here exploded outward.
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The satisfying thing about mass-market paperbacks is that, once finished, their spines shattered, they look more obliterated than read.
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In front of them, all around them, flags fluttered and scarves waved and spines tingled as Anfield sang its hymnal.
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With an impact not recognized by history, black women's spines hold stories books have never had the strength to carry.
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The blast ruptured the internal organs of reef fish, fractured their spines or tore at their flesh with coral shrapnel.
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Octopuses do not have spines or centralized brains but have feelings, and some social insects might well have them, too.
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In some cases the spines have been removed, in others the organs have been laid out next to the body.
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On the spines of books everywhere, "girls" are sticking with all the tenacity of a chewed piece of bubble gum.
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One Facebook shot, showing a cat in a guitar case, also reveals the spines of a pile of her books.
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The endangered mammal stops and eats, but also ingests sharp spines that lodge in his mouth, stomach lining and intestine.
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"It's got these horrible spines which make control of it exceptionally difficult," said Arne Witt, CABI's Regional Coordinator in Kenya.
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A mat of spines and hairs holds in moisture and slows the movement of evaporative air across the cactus surface.
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Graham's cajoling played as an attempt to stiffen their spines while also trying to shame them into being for Kavanaugh.
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" "The yield curve has sent a chill down investors' spines in regard to the future outlook of the U.S. economy.
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Scientists warned osteoporosis patients on Thursday to avoid two common procedures used to shore up painful fractures in crumbling spines.
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"The guide is intended to be equally useful for stiffening Democratic spines and weakening pro-Trump Republican resolve," they wrote.
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These facts, which the intelligence community knew about even before the election, should send shivers down the spines of all Americans.
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"We know that spines do not break without cause," the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund President Sherrilyn Ifill said in a statement.
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"You see, most primates, and indeed many mammals, have at least some spines on their penises," Hawks explains on his website.
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This extra musculature, the researchers say, suggests the spines could help support the ants' humongous heads or power those crushing mandibles.
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The term "non-transplant tissue" refers to body parts, such as heads and spines, which cannot be transplanted into living humans.
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With the Joker, Ledger spent months figuring out the octave-jumping, tic-filled delivery that would send chills down our spines.
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And like Lost, Black Mirror at its best aims to send chills down viewers' spines without ever losing the human element.
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Octopuses and other cephalopods like squid seem fundamentally dissimilar from humans—they lack spines and warm blood but have three hearts.
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With an impact not recognized by history, black women's spines hold stories that books have never had the strength to carry.
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As her spines and plates reformed around the weapons now embedded in them, the cold night chilled and made them brittle.
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The virtual reality film chronicles the story of Henry, a cute little hedgehog that loves to hug despite his prickly spines.
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The inventory included 22013 chairs, 22016 file cabinets, 91 heads, 18 spines, six hips and a copy of the Hippocratic Oath.
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Yet political turmoil, rising protectionism, a hawkish Fed and slowing earnings and economic growth have sent shivers down investors' spines lately.
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Weirdly, the researchers noticed behavioral changes almost immediately after administering ketamine, some 9 hours before they saw the regrowth of spines.
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In another, a big, meaty sculpture is suspended from the ceiling, prickling with spines that invoke both mold growth and protection.
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Mortal Kombat was, after all, a game about ripping out spines from the bodies of at the time photo-realistic adversaries.
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I'm not talking about Batman crunching spines for 40 hours or Mad Max crashing his way through a dozen small communities.
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Those images and characters still inspire, and the music still sends chills down the spines of the series' most hardened fans.
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And that, dear readers, is something that sends a chill down our spines... and is a spell we'd like to break.
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The sun sank below the horizon, a bright coral reef that cast spines of wavering red light on the gray water.
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Without the CLOUD, he cannot show the world the truth by shoving his memories up their spines and into their minds.
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