The generic name is derived from Greek pheos (meaning a spiny plant) and refers to the many spinelike setae and spinelike processes of the male valva of the genitalia. The specific name is derived from Latin aculeatus (meaning provided with prickles and stings) and refers to the many spinelike setae and spinelike processes of the valva of the male genitalia.
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The inflorescence atop the stem is punctuated by nodes at which the bracts are fused to form a cup or band up to about 2.5 centimeters wide. At the end of each branching of the stem is a similar cup of bracts partially fused around a cluster of flowers. The bracts are tipped in spinelike awns. The flowers are white to yellow-green and hairy in texture.
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The inflorescence emerges in the leaf crown but sags pendent in fruit, once or twice branched and solitary. The peduncle is long and the prophyll short and tubular, disintegrating into a fibrous mass at the base. There are four to five peduncular bracts, longer than the prophyll, with the distalmost exceeding the peduncle. The rachis is elongated bearing slender rachillae with slender, spinelike tips.
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The arched, elliptical carapace (to 23 cm) is widest behind the middle and unserrated posteriorly. The medial keel is prominent with a strong spinelike posterior projection on the 3rd vertebral. Vertebrals 2 and 5 are broader than long, while 1, 3, and 4 are longer than broad. Vertebral 3 is posteriorly pointed while the 4th is anteriorly pointed, making the seam between these two scutes very short.
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The leaves are lance-shaped to oval with slightly wavy edges, growing to a maximum length around 12 centimeters. The inflorescence is an interrupted series of clusters of flowers, with 10 to 20 flowers per cluster and each flower hanging on a pedicel. Each flower has usually six tepals, the 3 inner of which are edged with spinelike teeth and have tubercles at their centers. This plant has allelopathic activity.
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The carapace (hard upper shell) is punctuated and slender, with a width of 0.5 to 0.6 mm and a depth of 0.5 to 0.6 mm. The cephalon (the head) has a few tubercles ventrally. The branchiostegites are uninflated, with a few tubercles along the ventral cervical groove. The rostrum (spinelike anterior median prolongation of the carapace) is slender and triangular, with a length of 1.0 to 1.6 mm.
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The blunt nucleus is rather smooth, followed by a whorl which is simply costate. The other whorls have 3 spiral lirae, crossed by ribs, which form blunt spines on the upper spiral, round beads on the median one and compressed, spinelike squamae (decumbent scales) on the third spiral or peripheral keel. On the body whorl these ribs become lamellose and double, each rib consisting of about 2 lamellae. The sutures are deeply channelled.
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They may have bidentate tips as in some spp of Natrix. Some snakes, such as the short seasnake Lapemis curtus, may have spinelike and juxtaposed scales while others may have large and non-overlapping knobs as in the case of the Javan mudsnake Xenodermus javanicus. Another example of differentiation of snake scales is a transparent scale called the brille or spectacle which covers the eye of the snake. The brille is often referred to as a fused eyelid.
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Stems with teeth-like spines Edithcolea grandis is a succulent plant with leafless richly branched perennial and decumbent stems with a diameter of 2 to 4 cm and up to 30 cm in length (ref prota, ref Field 80). The glabrous stems are 4 or 5 angled and armed with regularly placed hard and acute spinelike teeth or tubercules. The base color of the plant varies from green to red with brownish spots. The bisexual flowers are 8 to 13 cm in diameter and are formed near the apex of the branches.
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With rare exceptions, larvae of the suborder Apocrita have no legs and are maggotlike in form, and are adapted to life in a protected environment. This may be the body of a host organism, or a cell in a nest, where the adults will care for the larva. In parasitic forms, the head is often greatly reduced and partially withdrawn into the prothorax (anterior part of the thorax). Sense organs appear to be poorly developed, with no ocelli, very small or absent antennae, and toothlike, sicklelike, or spinelike mandibles.
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This makes the Puget Sound king crab one of the largest crabs on the West Coast of the United States and yet it is still one of the hardest crab species to find. Another important characteristic of L. mandtii is the blunt, rounded bumps you will find all over them. Not only is this a necessary physiological trait that helps conceal the species in the subtidal, but the bumps also distinguish it from other closely related species, such as the brown box crab, Lopholithodes foraminatus, which has spinelike protrusions that are much sharper than the bumps on the Puget Sound king crab.Stevens, Bradley G., ed.
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Species in the genus Echinodontium have a hydnaceous (with spinelike protuberances) hymenial surface, dimitic hyphal system, smooth basidiospores, and in three of four species, a symbiotic association with horntails — Sirex and Urocerus species. The insects eat the fungus and help disperse the species by inoculating the wood of the host tree with either hyphal fragments or spores when they lay their eggs. The genus Laurilia has species characterized by an even to tuberculate hymenial surface, dimitic hyphal system, and echinulate basidiospores. In his monograph on the Echinodontiaceae, Gross (1964) suggested that Echinodontium and Laurilia were congeneric (sharing the same taxonomic genus), sharing features such as clamp connections, thick-walled encrusted cystidia and a brown context.
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Internal moult of the cranidium of Pagetia fossula, 2mm, showing scrobiculate border and glabellar spineLike other agnostids, the body of eodiscids is diminutive, the headshield (or cephalon) and tailshield (or pygidium) are of approximately same size, with 2 or 3 thoracic segments in-between, each consisting of a horizontal inner portion that abruptly passes into an inclined outer portion (fulcrate). The central raised area of the cephalon (or glabella) is narrow, usually with parallel sides and rounded front. The furrow between the occipital ring and the more frontal parts of the glabella are a pair of pits low on its sides beneath a large median spine extending from the glabella backwards. The distance between the glabella and the border (or preglabellar area) is usually long.
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