Three-spined sticklebacks are more discriminating still: with a contrast ratio of .
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The space itself is reached through a bookshelf stocked with scarlet-spined books.
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He is also being considered as a candidate for a Purdue University study of short-spined dogs.
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Books were everywhere, lying broken-spined on kitchen counters and bathroom radiators, in unmade beds, splayed on chair arms.
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Samuel Parris (a marvelously soggy-spined Jason Butler Harner), setting off a chain of accusations that results in scores of deaths.
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Like all sunfish, this back fin is composed of two halves, a sharply spined front section and a softer trailing edge.
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"This job picks you," she said, sitting straight-spined in the police department, her brown hair pulled back in a tight bun.
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But it is to say that the political price for such weak-kneed, noodle-spined blind loyalty is becoming steeper by the day.
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The servers on my recent visits showed no impatience with lingerers; they simply went about their business with that straight-spined, matter-of-fact French-waiter style.
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Dr. Christos Ioannou and his fellow researchers at the School of Biological Sciences have concluded an investigation into the individual and group behaviors of the three-spined stickleback.
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Hal Weeks, who spent most of his time studying three-spined stickleback fish as the assistant director for SML's island and coastal programs at the time, emailed back.
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His intricately detailed creatures, often pulled from the deep sea, wed beauty with menace: giant squid, arms flowing like streamers; venom-spined scorpionfish, mouth agape to capture prey.
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But I wonder how much of this that the media's doing is to play off and to corral people who are already wimps and linguini-spined when it comes to kids.
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Matthew KnopeAssociate Professor of Biology and head of the Knope Evolutionary Lab at the University of Hawaii, HiloOur most well-documented example in the wild is the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus spp.).
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Most deceiving: The three-spined stickleback, a tiny but incredibly ferocious fish with three very sharp spines beneath its dorsal fin that can be used, like knives, as a weapon against predators.
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A 2008 study on yellow-spined bamboo locusts, a major pest (and known pee fan) in China, found the insects strongly preferred human urine that had been incubated for three to six days.
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Better a Democrat who believes in his or her vision of a "living Constitution" than a jelly-spined Republican who wants to "wait and see" what benefits his or her re-election. Sens.
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Charlie is mild but steel-spined, observant and proud; with masterful economy of detail—an arched eyebrow here, his head at a resigned angle there—Mr Liew crafts him into a fully realised character.
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Finally we have a titanium-spined president who isn't afraid to use America's military and economic might as leverage over these tin-pot dictators who under previous administrations made us the laughingstock of the world.
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Tall and broad-shouldered and straight-spined, he had the gravity well of a small moon all on his own, walking with the slow graceful motion of someone who was used to being watched and did not care.
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The report emphasized that larger, spined creatures have been impacted, at the rate of well over 100 species per century since the 1500s: "At least 680 vertebrate species have been driven to extinction by human actions since the 16th century," the report reads.
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Everything about them fascinated him, from the wondrous pink-and-scarlet of their adult plumage to their strange tongues, spined and hooked to filter food from water like a baleen whale, to their surging flights in flocks of thousands from one lagoon to the next.
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Blade Runner 2049's sad-eyed K (Ryan Gosling) and Westworld's steel-spined Maeve (Thandie Newton) wend their way down paths of self-discovery that run parallel to fomenting android uprisings, led by the Replicant Freedom Movement in one and by Dolores (Evan Rachel Wood) in the other.
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The latter, who rose to global fame in the 1990s as a martial arts star, nails the steely-spined posture of the very rich mother who thinks she's protecting her only son from a gold digger — but you can tell there's a well-contained vulnerability simmering underneath that poised exterior.
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Brown trout (Salmo trutta), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) and nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) are all found in Tully Stream.
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The loch is said to contain three- spined stickleback and perch.
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Køge Å is home to the endangered Spined loach (Cobitis taenia).
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The population formerly recognized as the orange-spined hairy dwarf porcupine (Sphiggurus villosus) has been reclassified to this species. Its closest relatives are the bicolored-spined porcupine (Coendou bicolor) and the black dwarf porcupine (Coendou nycthemera).
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Ips calligraphus, known generally as coarsewriting engraver, is a species of typical bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. Other common names include the six-spined engraver beetle and six-spined ips. It is found in North America.
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The spotfin burrfish (Chilomycterus reticulates), also called the spotted burrfish, Pacific burrfish, spotfin porcupinefish, few-spined porcupinefish, spotfin porcupinefish or few-spined porcupinefish, is a species of fish in the genus Chilomycterus, which is part of the porcupinefish family Diodontidae.
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The rare-spined murex is an active predator, mainly feeding on other molluscs and barnacles.
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Typically, a third larval-instar is found and identifiable by its dark, thick, heavily spined body.
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Tibia heavily spined. Antennae thickened and simple. Forewings narrower. Inner and outer margins quite evenly curved.
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The bicolored-spined porcupine has a fully prehensile tail that is primarily free of spines (Eisenberg, 1989).
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Differs from Speiredonia in the mid and hind tibia being spined and almost naked. Forewings are broad.
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Common names Planispina's harlequin frog, Napo stubfoot toad, and flat-spined atelopus have been coined for it.
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Fish include brown trout. stone loach, Atlantic salmon, European eel, three-spined stickleback and European river lamprey.
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Spined tegu lizards are normally brown in color and have spines on the head, torso, and tail.
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The spined pygmy shark may also be referred to as the dwarf shark or the bigeye dwarf shark. Based on similarities in their claspers (male intromittent organs), the closest relative of the spined pygmy shark and the related S. aliae is thought to be the pygmy shark (Euprotomicrus bispinatus).
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Lanternfish are preyed upon by the spined pygmy shark. The diet of the spined pygmy shark consists mainly of bony fishes (including the dragonfish Idiacanthus, the lanternfish Diaphus, and the bristlemouth Gonostoma) and squid (including members of the genera Chiroteuthis and Histioteuthis). Catch records suggest that the spined pygmy shark follows its prey on their diel vertical migrations, spending the day close to a depth of and ascending towards a depth of at night. The ventral photophores of the spined pygmy shark have been theorized to function in counter-illumination, a form of camouflage in which the shark disguises its silhouette from would-be predators by matching the ambient light welling down from above.
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Z. heterothecae is predated by the two-spotted stink bug (Perillus bioculatus) and the Spined soldier bug (Podisus maculiventris).
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Thorax tuftless. Abdomen with small dorsal tufts on proximal segments. Mid tibia very rarely spined. Wings with crenulate cilia.
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The Schistocephalus solidus parasite is capable of host manipulation in both intermediate hosts, the copepod and the three-spined stickleback.
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Gyrineum aculeatum, the spined maple leaf, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cymatiidae.
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Abdomen somewhat flattened. Tibia very strongly spined. Forewings with non-crenulate outer margin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from cell.
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The fifteen-spined stickleback is native to coastal waters in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean where it lives among bladderwrack and eel grass.
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The three-spined stickleback is a known intermediate host for the hermaphroditic parasite Schistocephalus solidus, a tapeworm of fish and fish-eating birds.
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Some species possess white patches on the scutum. The pedipalps are much more heavily spined in males, together with a swollen cheliceral hand.
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Tibia of male heavily hairy. Mid tibia spined. Larva with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, where the first two pairs aborted or rudimentary.
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Metatarsal and tarsal segments of legs 3 and 4 are heavily spined. The female's spermathecae are stouter at the base than S. austini.
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Gigantspinosaurus (meaning "giant-spined lizard") is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. It was a stegosaur found in China.
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Recent severe bushfires in south-eastern Australia (2003–2006), however, have filled many upland rivers with large quantities of silt, and infilled the interstices ("gaps") between larger rocks that two-spined blackfish normally use as a refuge from predatory trout species. The presumed result will be increased levels of trout predation on two-spined blackfish and the long-term future of two-spined blackfish is now of some concern. The blackfish species are very low in fecundity, slow-growing and long lived, and have low migratory tendencies, so are extremely vulnerable to overfishing and localised extinctions.
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Diadema savignyi is a species of long-spined sea urchin belonging to the family Diadematidae. Common names include long-spined sea urchin, black longspine urchin and the banded diadem. It is native to the east coast of Africa, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. It was first described in 1829 by the French naturalist Jean Victoire Audouin.
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15th edition of the Britannica. The initial volume with the green spine is the ; the red-spined and black-spined volumes are the and the , respectively. The last three volumes are the 2002 Book of the Year (black spine) and the two-volume index (cyan spine). Since 1985, the Britannica has had four parts: the , the , the , and a two-volume index.
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Cobitis is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known spined loach of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally south of the range of Cobitis, are nowadays separated in Sabanejewia.Perdices, A., Bohlen, J. & Doadrio, I. (2008): The molecular diversity of adriatic spined loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae).
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One of these is the spined soldier bug (Podisus maculiventris) that sucks body fluids from larvae of the Colorado beetle and the Mexican bean beetle.
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Castanopsis paucispina is a tree in the family Fagaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "few spines", referring to the sparsely spined cupule.
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There is also an abundance of common roach in the lake, and other species present include 3- and 9-spined stickleback, pike, perch, and eels.
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Melanoplus bispinosus, the two-spined spurthroated grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. This grasshopper is native to the United States.
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Echinosaura is a genus of lizards, called commonly the spined tegus, in the family Gymnophthalmidae. The genus is endemic to Central America and South America.
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The Dalton Wells quarry has also yielded specimens of Venenosaurus (a brachiosaurid sauropod), the theropod dinosaurs Utahraptor and Nedcolbertia, plus a tall-spined iguanodontian,Scheetz, R., B. Britt, and J. Higgerson. 2010. A large, tall- spined iguanodontid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Early Albian) basal Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Program and Abstracts Book, 28(3): 158A.
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The bristle-spined rat (Chaetomys subspinosus) is an arboreal rodent from Atlantic forest in eastern Brazil. Also known as the bristle-spined porcupine or thin-spined porcupine, it is the only member of the genus Chaetomys and the subfamily Chaetomyinae. It was officially described in 1818, but rarely sighted since, until December 1986, when two specimens - one a pregnant female - were found in the vicinity of Valencia in Bahia. Since then it has been recorded at several localities in eastern Brazil, from Sergipe to Espírito Santo (there are no recent records from Rio de Janeiro), but it remains rare and threatened due to habitat loss, poaching and roadkills.
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Fish in the river include three-spined stickleback, bullhead, stone loach, brown trout, sea trout, brook lamprey, roach, rudd, perch, eel, pike, gudgeon, carp and tench.
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The species name refers to the spined sacculus and is derived from Latin spinula (meaning a small spine).Systematics and phylogeny of Sparganothina and related taxa.
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These fossil spined echinoid sea urchins can reach a diameter of about , with spicules of about 69x60mm. They are hemispherical, flattened beneath, with small apical disc.
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Fish species in Lettercraffroe Lough include roach, brown trout and three-spined stickleback. Lettercraffroe Lough is part of the Connemara Bog Complex Special Area of Conservation.
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Echinothrix calamaris, known commonly as the banded sea urchin or double spined urchin among other vernacular names, is a species of sea urchin in the family Diadematidae.
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The maximum size of the best-known species, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), is about 4 inches, but few of them are more than 3 inches long. They mature sexually at a length of about 2 inches. Most other stickleback species are roughly similar in size or somewhat smaller. The only exception is the far larger fifteen-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia), which can reach 22 cm (approx.
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Further upstream, the fish assemblage steadily diminishes due to passage barriers and reduced stream flows from diversions and wells: at Moody Road just above Foothill College, only California roach and three-spined stickleback were collected, at Rhus Ridge bridge in Los Altos Hills only three-spined stickleback were collected, and at the Francemont Avenue bridge and along the Adobe Creek Trail at Hidden Villa no fish were found.
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There are also rudd, brook lamprey, three-spined stickleback, nine-spined stickleback and eels in the lake. The lake is home to many waterbirds. Migratory species from Europe live at the lake during the winters, and it provides nesting grounds for other species during the summer. The lake is listed as a site of international importance for the shoveller and a site of national importance for the coot and tufted duck.
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Golden barrel cacti at the Huntington Echinocactus grusonii is widely cultivated by specialty plant nurseries as an ornamental plant, for planting in containers, desert habitat gardens, rock gardens, and in conservatories. . accessed 6.30.2013 A white-spined form, and a short-spined form, are also in cultivation. It is one of the most popular cacti in cultivation and has increasingly become popular as an architectural accent plant in contemporary garden designs.
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Palpi with second joint reaching vertex of head, and third joint moderate length. Antennae simple. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Mid tibia spined and hind tibia slightly hairy.
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The species name refers to the spined ridge of the ostium bursae in the female genitalia and is derived from Latin spina (meaning thorn) and crista (meaning ridge).
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Vokesimurex rectirostris, common name : the erect-spined murex, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
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The rest of the fluke is covered in microvilli that are used to anchor it to the inside of the cloaca. Leucochloridium variae tegument is considered finely spined.
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Fish species in Lickeen Lough include rudd, brown trout, three- spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. Arctic char formerly present in the lake are now extinct.
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Two-spined blackfish are similar in shape and appearance to river blackfish, though their spiny dorsal fin usually contain only two spines (hence their scientific name) in comparison to river blackfish which have 7 to 13 distinguishable spines in their spiny dorsal fin. (In reality, this is a rather academic point as two-spined blackfish have blurred the difference between the dorsal spines and the dorsal rays that make up their soft dorsal fin, and any distinctions between the two weakly calcified dorsal spines and the dorsal rays that follow it are hard to pick in a living specimen.) The two-spined blackfish is similar to the river blackfish in spawning and diet; however, they prefer rocks and the interstices ("gaps") between to timber as the main spawning and habitat sites. Two-spined blackfish are also much smaller, commonly 15 to 17 cm and a maximum size of 30 cm. The species feeds mostly on aquatic insect larvae and terrestrial invertebrates, and occasionally other fishes and crayfish.
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Libinia emarginata, the portly spider crab, common spider crab or nine-spined spider crab, is a species of stenohaline crab that lives on the Atlantic coast of North America.
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Female four-spined jewel spiders are distinctively shaped and coloured. Their abdomens are flat, oblong, and curved slightly forward, 5-6 mm wide, excluding spines. The corners of the abdomen are armed with short spines, the rear pair slightly longer than the pair in front. Unlike most members of its genus, G. quadrispinosa lacks a third pair of spines on the hind margin of its abdomen, so it is four spined or quadrispinose.
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The lower portion of the river previously had some Atlantic salmon, but these have all but disappeared since the hydroelectric stations were installed. Uncommon fish species include European river lamprey, three-spined stickleback, nine- spined stickleback and common minnow. Vendace is an introduced species in Lake Inari and has spread to the reserve.Wikan: 55 The area is known for its diversity of birds, with 212 species having been recorded as of 1987.
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The wild cardoon is a stout herbaceous perennial plant growing tall, with deeply lobed and heavily spined green to grey-green tomentose (hairy or downy) leaves up to long, with yellow spines up to 3.5 cm long. The flowers are violet-purple, produced in a large, globose, massively spined capitulum up to in diameter.Sonnante, G., Pignone, D, & Hammer, K. (2007). The Domestication of Artichoke and Cardoon: From Roman Times to the Genomic Age. Ann. Bot.
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Acanthotetilla is a genus of demosponges belonging to the family Tetillidae. They are distinguished from others in the family by the presence of distinctive, heavily spined skeletal structures called "megacanthoxeas".
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The thick-spined porcupine (Hystrix crassispinis) is a species of rodent in the family Hystricidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
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Astropecten duplicatus, the two-spined sea star, is a starfish in the family Astropectinidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
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Fish species in Lough Fern include brown trout, salmon, three-spined stickleback, perch and the critically endangered European eel. Lough Fern is part of the Leannan River Special Area of Conservation.
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Fish species in Kiltooris Lough include salmon, three-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. Kiltooris Lough is part of the West of Ardara/Maas Road Special Area of Conservation.
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In addition to brown trout it ish also home to loach, bullhead, three-spined stickleback and minnow. Rare visitors include pike, dace and perch. Rainbow trout have been introduced by anglers.
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Diadema mexicanum is a species of long-spined sea urchin belonging to the family Diadematidae. It is native to the Pacific coast of Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Panama.
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Metriacanthosaurus (meaning "moderately-spined lizard") is a genus of metriacanthosaurid dinosaur from the upper Oxford Clay of England, dating to the Late Jurassic period, about 160 million years ago (lower Oxfordian).
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The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Another possible cause for despeciation is increased gene flow and hybridization due to changes in the environment. One of these changes could include the loss of essential nourishment resources for each individual species. For example, Taylor et al.'s genetic analysis of three-spined sticklebacks across six lakes in southwestern British Columbia found two distinct species in 1977 and 1988 but only one combined species in data from 1997, 2000, and 2002.
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The two-spined blackfish (Gadopsis bispinosus) is a species of temperate perch endemic to Australia. It is found in the cool, clear, strong-flowing, cobble bottomed, sub-alpine rivers and streams (ranging from small to large) in the southeast corner of the Murray-Darling river system. Their range encompasses northeast Victoria, southeast New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Originally two-spined blackfish co-inhabited many of these waters with Macquarie perch and trout cod.
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Fish species in Aughrusbeg Lough include three-spined stickleback, rudd, brown trout and the critically endangered European eel. The lake is part of the Aughrusbeg Machair and Lake Special Area of Conservation.
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Pomoxis, the genus name, is Greek: "poma, -atos" and "oxys" meaning sharp operculum. This references the fish's spined gill covers. The species name, nigromaculatus, is derived from Latin and means "black-spotted".
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Callionymus simplicicornis, the Simple-spined dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the tropical Pacific Ocean where it is known at depths of around . This species grows to a length of TL.
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The spined wings along the stems are uninterrupted. S. hispanicus is an annual, biennial or perennial of up to 1.75 m high and it also has one, two or three spiny dentate leaf-like bracts subtending each cluster of flowerheads and the yellow, orange or white florets also lack black hairs. The cypselas however are topped by two to five bristles of scabrous pappus hairs (and are encased by the paleae). In this species the spined wings along the stems are interrupted.
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Two-spined blackfish breed between October and December. Larvae hatch after around 16 days and remain at the spawning site with the male parent for another 3 weeks. Two-spined blackfish have declined seriously due to stream siltation and competition by introduced species, particularly introduced trout species. The species suffers serious predation and competition from introduced species of trout but due its nocturnal habits and cryptic, cover-oriented behaviour it appears to survive in sufficient numbers to maintain populations in high quality habitats.
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The genus was created in 1910 by Henry who described the type species, Haemohormidium cotti, in the short spined sea scorpion (Myxocephalus scorpius) and the long spined sea scorpion (Taurulus bubalis). Its nature was unclear until the electron microscopic studies revealed its relationship to the Apicomplexia. Henry in 1913 abandoned the name but the genus was validated by Wenyon in 1926. The species in the genus Babesiosoma were initially incorporated into this genus in 1969 but have subsequently been demerged.
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The length of the shell varies between 8 mm and 15 mm. The small shell is ovate, subglobular, and spined. The spire is conical and pointed. It is composed of six or seven whorls.
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Antennae usually minutely fasciculate (bundled) in the male. Tibia not hairy and mid-tibia spined. Palpi with second joint reaching vertex of head and third joint naked. Thorax and abdomen smoothly clothed with hair.
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Fish species in Muckanagh Lough include brown trout, perch, rudd, pike, tench, three-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. The lake is part of the East Burren Complex Special Area of Conservation.
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Diadema paucispinum, the long-spined sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Diadematidae. It is found in the western Indo-Pacific Ocean and in Hawaii and other east Pacific islands.
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Polyipnus tridentifer, commonly known as the three-spined hatchetfish, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Sternoptychidae. It occurs in deep water in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, at depths between about .
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Acanthaster brevispinus, the short-spined crown-of-thorns starfish, is one of the two members of the starfish genus Acanthaster, along with the much better- known A. planci, the common crown-of-thorns starfish.
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Its wingspan is about 52-58 in the male and 54-68 in the female. Antennae of male with bristles and cilia. Fore and hind tibia sometimes spined. Male is grey speckled with brown color.
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Eucrate crenata, the blunt-spined euryplacid crab, is a species of Indo- Pacific crab from the family Euryplacidae. It has invaded the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea by Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal.
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A 3-spined stickleback like those used in Tinbergen's experiments. One example of fixed action patterns is the courtship and aggression behaviors of the male stickleback, particularly the three- spined stickleback, during mating season, described in a series of studies by Niko Tinbergen. During the spring mating season, male sticklebacks ventrum turns red and they establish a territory to build a nest. They attack other male sticklebacks that enter their territory, but court females and entice them to enter the nest to lay their eggs.
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Snapper Ledge Diadema antillarum, also known as the lime urchin, black sea urchin, or the long-spined sea urchin,Long-spined Sea Urchin is a species of sea urchin in the Family Diadematidae. This sea urchin is characterized by its exceptionally long black spines. It is the most abundant and important herbivore on the coral reefs of the western Atlantic and Caribbean basin. When the population of these sea urchins is at a healthy level, they are the main grazers which prevent algae overgrowth of the reef.
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Southern river blackfish may be a separate species. The taxonomy does not yet reflect to this. River blackfish continue the trend present in Murray-Darling native fish of speciating into primarily lowland species and upland species, with the upland species being in this case the two-spined blackfish, Gadopsis bispinosus. The two-spined blackfish is a more specialised upland inhabitant, and is found in the strongly flowing, cobble- bottomed sub-alpine rivers and streams of northeast Victoria, southeast New South Wales, and the Australian Capital Territory.
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Free-swimming larvae hatch from the eggs, which are in turn ingested by copepods (the first intermediate host). The parasite grows and develops in the crustacean into a stage that can infect the second intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The parasite's definitive host, a bird, then consumes the infected three-spined stickleback and the cycle is complete. It has been observed that S. solidus alters the behavior of the fish in a manner that impedes its escape response when faced with a predatorial bird.
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Opuntia macrocentra, the long-spined purplish prickly pear or purple pricklypear, is a cactus found in the lower Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. A member of the prickly pear genus, this species of Opuntia is most notable as one of a few cacti that produce a purple pigmentation in the stem. Other common names for this plant include black- spined pricklypear, long-spine prickly pear, purple pricklypear, and redeye prickly pear. Opuntia macrocentra is an upright spreading shrub consisting of several joined segments called pads.
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Erethizontinae is a subfamily of the New World porcupine family Erethizontidae, and includes all species of the family with the exception of the bristle-spined rat, Chaetomys subspinosus, which is classified in its own subfamily, Chaetomyinae.
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Large Mesozoic mammals fed on young dinosaurs. Nature. Vol 433, 12 January 2005, Number 7022, pp91-178, . See commentary on this article (Retrieved 25/6/2007). the arboreal Jeholodens, the aerial volaticotherines and the spined Spinolestes.
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The speckled shrimpfish swims in a head down position. It feeds on plankton and is found drifting in small groups in seagrass beds, among the branches of corals and the spines of long-spined sea urchins.
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The foliage in most Bromelioids grow to form a rosette where water is caught and stored. Their leaves are usually spined and they produce berry-like fruits in their blooms. These plants contain an inferior ovary.
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Palpi with thickened second joint and reaching vertex of head, and obliquely porrect and naked third joint. Antennae bipectinated with short branches in male. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Mid tibia spined and with terminal tuft.
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Studies have been performed in a wide variety of taxa—a few groups having disproportionately contributed to the understanding of character displacement: mammalian carnivores, Galapagos finches, anole lizards on islands, three-spined stickleback fish, and snails.
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Finally, the trash rack at the tidal gate at the mouth of Mayfield Slough is an intermittent complete barrier to fish passage when it is closed. Four species of native fishes have been collected from Adobe Creek recently: California roach, Sacramento sucker, three-spined stickleback, and prickly sculpin. Leidy reported the fish still inhabiting the Adobe Creek's lowest reach in 2007 – native California roach (Lavinia symmetricus), Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis occidentalis), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rainwater killifish (Lucania parva), and western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). A 2011 fish survey showed only native fish above El Camino Real: the reach above Redwood Grove and the Manresa Lane bridge in Los Altos included California roach, Sacramento sucker and three-spined stickleback – an assemblage that generally includes steelhead trout in other Bay Area streams.
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Like the three spined stickleback, they have a series of scutes or bony plates along the lateral line but, in freshwater populations, these are frequently reduced in number with a gap between the anterior and posterior plates.
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Cobitis brevifasciata is a species of loach endemic to the Korean Peninsula.Perdices, A., Bohlen, J., Šlechtová, V. & Doadrio, I. (2016): Molecular Evidence for Multiple Origins of the European Spined Loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae). PLoS ONE, 11 (1): e0144628.
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Fish species in Doo Lough include brown trout, sea trout, perch, salmon, Arctic char, three-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. The lake is part of the Mweelrea/Sheeffry/Erriff Complex Special Area of Conservation.
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Spined pygmy sharks are dark brown to black, with numerous bioluminescent organs called photophores on their ventral surface. The shark is believed to use these photophores to match ambient light conditions, which break up its silhouette and help the shark to avoid being seen by predators below. Usually inhabiting nutrient-rich waters over upper continental and insular slopes, the spined pygmy shark feeds on small bony fishes and squid. Like its prey, it is a diel vertical migrator, spending the day at close to deep and moving towards a depth of at night.
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Nemoura arctica is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae. It is found in North America, temperate Asia, and Europe. Nemoura trispinosa, the "three-spined forestfly", has been identified as a taxonomic synonym of this species.
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Adult black spined weevils have been collected from Hedychium gardnerianum and caught in the flowers of Helichrysum lanceolatum. The larvae of S. penicillatus are known to develop in the recently dead bark of the various species of Pseudopanax.
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Fish species in Lough Gill include three-spined stickleback, sand goby, brown trout, flounder and the critically endangered European eel. The lake is part of the Tralee Bay and Magharees Peninsula, West to Cloghane Special Area of Conservation.
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Belted cardinalfish are found in rocky areas and reefs near drop-offs. They are often found near reefs at depths of . Belted cardinalfish inhabit caves and holes, and may be found among the spines of the Long-Spined Urchin.
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Cassinopsis ilicifolia is a spined, straggling shrub or liane that is native to the moister regions of southern Africa. It is named ilicifolia due to the leaves with somewhat serrated leaf margins, which resemble those of the genus Ilex.
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Aspidura ceylonensis, also known as the Ceylon keelback, black-spined snake, or slender mould snake, is a colubrid snake endemic to Sri Lanka. It is locally known as කුරුන් කරවලා (kurun karawala) or රත් කරවලා (rath karawala) in Sinhala.
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Palpi upturned, where the second joint reaching vertex of head and third joint long in both sexes. Antennae minutely ciliated in male. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Mid and hind tibia spined, whereas fore tibia of male clothed with long hair.
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Meri of its posterior walking legs has a distinct distal dorsal angled projection, spined in juveniles. The dactyli of walking legs are laterally compressed. The anterior part of the carapace is predominantly purple, its branchial regions tan and its legs yellowish.
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The caudal fin is forked. There is a series of spined, lateral plates called scutes. Eyes are relatively small. R. woodsi can be differentiated from R. xingui by a smaller eye and a slightly longer upper jaw than lower jaw.
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It is often found associated with the seagrass Enhalus acoroides and the long spined sea urchin Diadema setosum. It occurs among various living benthic substrates such as sea urchins, sea anemones, and branching corals; young fish are most commonly associated with sea anemones, while juveniles and adults occur most frequently among long-spined sea urchins and branching corals, as well as sea stars, hydrozoans, and mangrove prop roots. Individuals of 2 to 60 hover above the urchins, with the younger ones about 2 to 3 centimeters SL staying closest to them. The fish retreat among the spines when threatened.
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The stone loach is a small, slender bottom- dwelling fish that can grow to a length of , but typically is around . Its eyes are situated high on its head and it has three pairs of short barbels on its lower jaw below its mouth. It has a rounded body that is not much laterally flattened and is a little less deep in the body than the spined loach (Cobitis taenia) and lacks that fish's spines beneath the eye. It has rounded dorsal and caudal fins with their tips slightly notched, but the spined loach has even more rounded fins.
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The only freshwater fish of the order Gadiformes, the burbot, inhabits the lower course near the Danube, which is among the southernmost points of its range. The Esociformes are also represented by a single species, the northern pike. The Perciformes are the most diverse order of fishes in the Iskar, represented by several families. The autochthonous species of the family Percidae include pikeperch, Volga pikeperch, European perch, common zingel, streber, Eurasian ruffe, Balon's ruffe, striped ruffe, The Cyprinidae are represented by asp, tench, Danube bleak, common bleak, riffle minnow, silver bream, common bream, white-eye bream, blue bream, Vimba bream, sabrefish, ide, European chub, common nase, European bitterling, common roach, common minnow, common rudd, gudgeon, Kessler's gudgeon, Danube whitefin gudgeon, common barbel, Romanian barbel, crucian carp, The Nemacheilidae are represented by the stone loach, while the species of the family Cobitidae include European weather loach, spined loach, Balkan loach, golden spined loach, Bulgarian spined loach, and Cottus haemusi.
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In addition the stream is a habitat for the rare spined loach. The stream has been straightened near its mouth and the last runs through a pipe. Together with the Passader See the Hagener Au is a protected Special Area of Conservation.
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It was made of wood covered with leather and had a spined boss. It was carried using a central handgrip. Some variants of the shield were nearly rectangular: the name thyreos derives from the word thyra (θύρα), "door", reflecting its oblong shape.
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Ceracris kiangsuTsai, P. 1929. Jour. Coll. Agric. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 10:140 is a species of grasshoppers in the subfamily Oedipodinae, sometimes called the yellow-spined bamboo locust. It occurs in Indo-China and southern China, where it may become a locally significant agricultural pest.
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Stomopneustes variolaris, the black sea urchin or long-spined sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin, the only one in its genus Stomopneustes and only species still alive in its family Stomopneustidae. It is found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, with a patchy distribution.
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It is threatened by deforestation, habitat fragmentation and agriculture. Although it is morphologically distinctive, it has sometimes been described as a subspecies of the bicolored-spined porcupine (C. bicolor). However, genetic studies have shown it to be closest to the stump-tailed porcupine (C. rufescens).
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Ostlund-Nilsson, S., and Holmlund, M. (2003) The artistic three- spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 53: 214-220. Foam nests, made up of air bubbles glued together with mucus from the mouth, are also well known in gouramis and armoured catfish.
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In the ponds and streams the following species of fish may be found: Northern pike, common carp, tench, common roach, carp bream, common rudd, crucian carp, silver bream, ruffe, bitterling, eel, perch, three-spined stickleback, ninespine stickleback, brown bullhead, loach, brown trout, gudgeon, brook lamprey.
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Haplocanthosaurus (meaning "simple spined lizard") is a genus of intermediate sauropod dinosaur. Two species, H. delfsi and H. priscus, are known from incomplete fossil skeletons. It lived during the late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian stage), 155 to 152 million years ago.Turner, C.E. and Peterson, F., (1999).
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Tettigidea armata is a species in the family Tetrigidae ("pygmy grasshoppers"), in the order Orthoptera ("grasshoppers, crickets, katydids"). The species is known generally as the "armored pygmy grasshopper", "armoured grouse locust", or "spined grouse locust".Orthoptera of Michigan, Roger Bland. 2003. Michigan State University Extension.
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Gynacantha is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae. The females have two prominent spines under the last abdominal segment. This gives the genus name (from Greek female and thorn) and the common name two-spined darners; they are also known as duskhawkers.
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Padbury Brook is home to fish such as the stone loach (Barbatula tarantula), spined loach ( Cobitis taenia), the common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), the common roach (Rutilus rutilus), the european bullhead (Cottus gobio), and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Larger fish including european chub (Squalius cephalus), European perch (perca fluviatilis) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla) are also resident in the river. There are also signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in the river with most of the crayfish being small in size with a small number of larger ones. There also be a range of other wildlife such as swans, ducks, voles and myriad types of water insects.
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In its different forms or stages of life, the three-spined stickleback can be a bottom-feeder (most commonly chironomid larvae) or a planktonic feeder in lakes or in the ocean; it can also consume terrestrial prey fallen to the surface. It can cannibalize eggs and fry.
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Ammonites belonging to this genus have evolute shells, with compressed to depressed whorl section. Flanks were slightly convex and venter has been low. Whorl section is subrectangular. Prorsiradiate ribs are strong and fibulate on inner whorls and tuberculate to spined on the place of ventrolateral shoulder.
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Polypedates ranwellai, also known as the Ranwella's spined tree frog, Ranwella's horned tree frog, or Ranwella's tree frog, is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka and only known from its type locality, Gilimale forest near Ratnapura, the Sabaragamuwa Province.
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Bristle-spined rats are named because the spines on the back are more bristle-like in texture than the spines on the rest of the body. They have long, naked tails which are not prehensile. Adult animals weigh around . Their skulls are unusual in several ways.
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Ammonites belonging to this genus have small to medium-sized shells. Coiling is evolute, while whorl section is depressed, subtrapezoidal with oblique flanks and broad and low venter, maximum width is at shoulder. Umbilicus is wide and deep. Sharp, fibulate ribs are dense, tuberculate and spined.
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The female, as in other flower mantises is larger than the male. The nymph is mid to dark brown with flanged and spined extensions to its abdomen, disrupting its outline to provide excellent camouflage on dead leaves. The adult has a long narrow thorax and green wings.
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The comb-spined catfish (Cinetodus carinatus) is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae.Common names for Cinetodus carinatus at www.fishbase.org. It was described by Max Carl Wilhelm Weber in 1913, originally under the genus Arius. It is known to inhabit freshwater rivers in New Guinea.
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The leaf petioles are 15–90 cm long, and armed with sharp spines at the base. The female cones are open, with sporophylls 13–25 cm long, with two to six ovules per sporophyll. The lamina is lanceolate, with spined dentate margins and an apical spine.
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The common names of Neobuxbaumia polylopha are the cone cactus, golden saguaro, golden spined saguaro, and wax cactus. Polylopha means many ribs. Neobuxbaumia polylopha also has many synonym scientific names due to being reclassified. The synonyms include Cereus polylophus, Pilocereus polylophus, Cephalocereus polylophus, and Carnegiea polylopha.
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CeracrisWalker F (1870) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum 4: 721,790. is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, subfamily Oedipodinae, found in tropical Asia. C. kiangsu is the yellow-spined bamboo locust which infests Indo-China and southern China.
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A three-spined stickleback with stained neuromasts that form the lateral line system. Sticklebacks have four colour photoreceptor cells in their retina, making them potentially tetrachromatic. They are capable of perceiving ultraviolet wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye and use such wavelengths in their normal behavioural repertoire.
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Copeia 2 371-75. It can also be found with the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Klamath small-scale sucker (Catostomus rimiculus), coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and coho salmon (O. kisutch). Spawning season can extend from February to June.
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At night, they move into shallower, calmer waters on the edges of rivers. It occurs in virtually the same habitats as the Prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) and the two species encounter one another and interact regularly. They also tend to encounter salmon and the Three-spined stickleback as well.
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Ambrosia tomentos grows up to 3 feet (91 cm) tall. The deeply lobed hairy leaves grow to 5 inches (12.7 cm) and have toothed margins. Flowers are small and yellow and produce spined 2-seeded burrs. In addition to seeds it can also reproduce via its widely spreading roots.
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The ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), also called the ten-spined stickleback, is a freshwater species of fish in the family Gasterosteidae that inhabits temperate waters. It is widely but locally distributed throughout Eurasia and North America. Despite its name, the number of spines can vary from 8 to 12.
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Sclerocactus papyracanthus is a species of cactus known by the common names paperspine fishhook cactus, grama grass cactus, paper-spined cactus, and toumeya. It is native to North America, where it occurs from Arizona to New Mexico to Texas and into Chihuahua, Northeastern Mexico.Sclerocactus papyracanthus. The Nature Conservancy.
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Opisthobranch gastropods are hermaphrodites, as are the pulmonates; however, opisthobranchs do not have love darts. Nonetheless, some of them do stab one another during mating, using hardened anatomical structures. For example, in the Cephalaspidean genus Siphopteron, both seaslugs attempt to stab their partner with a two-part, spined penis.
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C. hellenica occurs in the Louros and Thiamis River basins, parapatric to the range of C. arachthosensis.Perdices, Anabel; Bohlen, Jörg & Doadrio, Ignacio (2008): The molecular diversity of adriatic spined loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 46(1): 382–390. (HTML abstract) Its natural habitats is the Arachthos River basin.
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Two-spined spiders are native to Australia, and were first noted in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1971. Since their introduction to New Zealand, the spiders have spread south; they are now common in the northern half of the South Island, and have been found as far south as Christchurch.
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Laniatores with coxa IV immensely developed, widely surpassing dorsal scutum in dorsal view in most species. Many species with double ozopore. Pedipalpus with cylindrical segments, strongly spined, tibia and tarsus flattened ventrally. Basal segments of leg IV with strong sexual dimorphism, shown either in spination, curvature or length.
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Discobola specimens are recognized by their extensively maculate (blotched) or ocellate (spotted) wing markings, by the presence of an A1 cross vein on the wings, and by spined or pectinate (comb like) claws. Specimens from New Zealand are distinctive from those of other locations in having slightly different male genitalia.
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Orygmaspis is a genus of asaphid trilobite with an inverted egg-shaped outline, a wide headshield, small eyes, long genal spines, 12 spined thorax segments and a small, short tailshield, with four pairs of spines. It lived during the Upper Cambrian in what are today Canada and the United States.
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Veikko Vennamo called those who backed the law and had left his party "the banknote spined" (eg. ones who have banknotes in the place of backbone; , also a wordplay on the Finnish term for vertebrates) as a harsh reminder for political corruption with the help of the state parliamentary subsidies.
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Larger stiff-bodied prey, however, usually only get partially eaten before escaping by breaking the captured limb(s) off (autotomy). Captured large starfish, for example, usually only lose one arm. Paracorynactis hoplites are highly efficient predators of echinoderms. They specialize in preying on sea stars and short-spined sea urchins.
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Cover You is the first cover and tribute album by the J-pop idol group Morning Musume, released on November 26, 2008. The album features songs by Yū Aku for the duo Pink Lady and other musicians. The first-press edition comes in a three-spined case with an alternate cover.
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Some evidence indicates the existence of cooperative behavior among three-spined sticklebacks, mainly cooperative predator inspection. Predator inspection appears to allow acquisition of information about the risk a potential predator presents, and may deter attack, with the cost being an increased chance of being attacked if the predator proves to be hungry.
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Aranessa was born without normal legs, and with spined flesh instead. She later amputated her legs, and replaced them with the jagged blades of sawfish. The Flaming Scimitar is powered by magics and The Golden Magus stands at its helm. He casts powerful magics upon his opponents instead of using traditional weaponry.
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Long-snout clingfish are widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific region, inhabiting the region from the Gulf of Oman to Papua New Guinea.Lieske & Myers,Coral reef fishes,Princeton University Press, 2009, They are found in reef environments often associated with long-spined sea urchins particularly of the genus Diadema.
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Fish species in Lough Talt include brown trout, three-spined stickleback, perch, the threatened Arctic char and the critically endangered European eel. Brown trout are the dominant fish species. A population of the endangered white- clawed crayfish has also been reported. Lakeshore marshes support Vertigo geyeri, a wetland snail considered threatened in Europe.
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Fish species in Lough Bane include perch, brown trout, rainbow trout, pike, nine-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. Perch are the dominant fish species. Both trout species are stocked by the Lough Bane Angling Association. A population of white-clawed crayfish was declared extinct at the lake in 1986.
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The banded sunfish was first formally described as Pomotis obesus in 1854 by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard (1822-1895) with the type locality given as Framingham and in a branch of the Charles River, at Holliston, Massachusetts. The generic name Enneacanthus means "nine-spined" while the specific name obesus means "fat".
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Fastnacht therefore concluded that Huene's two specimens belonged to different species, with the first high-spined specimen referable to Sclerothorax. However, three more specimens were uncovered in German museum collections with nearly complete skulls attached to vertebral columns. These specimens had broad heads, proving that Huene's second specimen also belongs to Sclerothorax.
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Vegetation in Cottonwood Canyon Wilderness includes pockets of yucca, cholla, and mesquite, as well as riparian vegetation such as Fremont cottonwood along several intermittent streams. Higher up toward the Pine Valley Mountains are pinyon pine and juniper. The endangered purple-spined hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus engelmannii var. purpureus) may occur in the area.
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Submerged vegetation includes tasselweed, beaked tasselweed, and the uncommon freshwater green alga Chara canescens. There are also some uncommon invertebrates among the 48 taxa recorded in the lough. Fish species in Durnesh Lough include sand goby, flounder, rudd, three-spined stickleback, sea trout and the critically endangered European eel. Otters are also present.
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She's fragile, but she's steel-spined when it comes to accepting responsibility for the havoc she wreaks in her life and everyone else's." Matthew Gilbert of the Boston Globe compiled his list of most annoying TV characters. Jenny came second on the list and he stated: "Wow. The gods of narcissism blessed Jenny bigtime.
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Spined pygmy sharks have no commercial value; they sometimes appear in the bycatch of trawl fisheries, but are generally too small to be captured. In light of its wide distribution and the absence of substantial threats from human activity, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as of Least Concern.
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Gasteracantha quadrispinosa, the four-spined jewel spider, is a brightly coloured species of spider in the spiny orb-weaver genus Gasteracantha. It occurs in wet forests of Queensland, Australia, and New Guinea, where it builds vertical orb webs approximately 1.5 m across and hangs in the centre of the web to wait for prey.
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Seas were present in the southwest and west coast. The seas of Texas were home to massive reefs made of spined brachiopods jumbled together. Seas that had previously covered Kansas, New Mexico and Texas began drying up and left behind salt deposits. The inner portions of the western United States had a hot dry climate.
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The three-spined cardinalfish (Apogonops anomalus) is a species of fish in the family Acropomatidae, the temperate ocean-basses or lanternbellies. It is endemic to the marine waters off of Australia.Yamanoue, Y. (2016): Revision of the genus Verilus (Perciformes: Acropomatidae) with a description of a new species. Journal of Fish Biology, 89 (5): 2375–2398.
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High-spined commensal hydroids grow as a fuzzy-looking orange coat usually on the shell of a marine snail, the scaly dogwhelk Nucella squamosa. Individual polyps grow to 0.4cm in total height. The polyps are naked and cluster on the shell surface, interspersed with defensive spines and tiny ball-like reproductive structures. Millard, N.A.H. 1975.
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Fish species in the lake include landlocked Atlantic salmon, lake trout, brook trout, rainbow smelt, four species of minnow, banded killifish, three-spined stickleback, pumpkinseed sunfish, and the American eel. The landlocked salmon, lake trout, smelt, sticklebacks, and at least one species of minnow are known to have been introduced or stocked by humans.
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Pisaster giganteus, the giant sea star or giant spined star, is a species of sea star that lives along the western coast of North America from Southern California to British Columbia. It makes its home on rocky shores near the low tide mark. It preys on mollusks. It can grow as large as in diameter.
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Sambon only gave partial description using a male worm. In 1908, a Brazilian physician Manuel Augusto Pirajá da Silva gave a complete description of male and female worms, including the lateral-spined eggs. Pirajá da Silva obtained specimens from three necropsies and eggs from 20 stool examinations in Bahia. He gave the name S. americanum.
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Fish species include three-spined stickleback, Atlantic salmon, stone loach, brook lamprey and European river lamprey. It is also home to many white trout, as recorded by Tim Pat Coogan in his memoir. According to local folklore, Saint Patrick cursed the reeds on the bank of the Dinan so that their tops were withered.
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Although a wide range of reproductive modes are used by snakes, all snakes employ internal fertilization. This is accomplished by means of paired, forked hemipenes, which are stored, inverted, in the male's tail.Capula (1989), p. 117. The hemipenes are often grooved, hooked, or spined in order to grip the walls of the female's cloaca.
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A survey in 2008 found six fish species in Annaghmore Lough including perch, roach, rudd, pike, tench, three-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. Annaghmore Lough is an important bird sanctuary. Threatened species present here include whooper swan and golden plover. Other species include teal, shoveler, wigeon, mallard, pochard, goldeneye, lapwing and curlew.
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Mammal Species of the World treats Coendou rothschildi as a valid species endemic to Panama but states that it is possibly a subspecies of the bicolored-spined porcupine (Coendou bicolor). The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the species as a synonym of the Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) and states its distribution to be Colombia and Ecuador.
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Bergerocactus emoryi (golden cereus, golden-spined cereus, golden snakecactus) is a species of cactus. It is the sole member of the genus Bergerocactus, named after Alwin Berger. The plant is also known as snake cactus, though this latter name also applies to Echinocereus pensilis. This cactus is frail, appears in clusters, and has up to 20 ribs and ramifications.
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This animal is often considered a member of Echimyidae on the basis of its premolars. However, a molecular phylogeny based on the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome b combined to karyological evidence actually suggests the bristle-spined rat is more closely related to the Erethizontidae than to the Echimyidae, and is the sister group of all other Erethizontidae.
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One of the world's smallest sharks, the spined pygmy shark attains a maximum recorded length of for males and for females. This species has an elongated, spindle-shaped body with a long, bulbous, moderately pointed snout. The eyes are large, with the upper rim of the orbit almost straight. Each nostril is preceded by a short flap of skin.
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Scutellastra longicosta, the long-spined limpet or the duck's foot limpet, is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets. It is native to the coasts of South Africa where it is found on the foreshore. It cultivates a species of crustose brown algae in a "garden".
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Orcanopterus was around 40 cm long. Like all eurypterids, it had six pairs of limbs, the hindmost of which were broad flat paddles. The first pair of limbs in Orcanopterus are unknown, but were presumably small chelicerae for eating with. The second to fourth pairs of limbs were heavily spined and around 7–8 cm long.
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Diploprion bifasciatum' is a species with a compressed, moderately deep body that 3–3.4 times longer than its depth. Its body is almost all covered with small ctenoid scales. The dorsal fin has a deep incision between its spined and soft rayed parts. It has long pelvic fins which extend past the spiny portion of the anal fin.
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Fish species in Kindrum Lough include brown trout, Arctic char, three-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. Two rare plant species have been recorded from the lake: slender naiad (Najas flexilis) and a stonewort, Nitella spanioclema. The latter species is considered endemic to County Donegal. Kindrum Lough is part of the Kindrum Lough Special Area of Conservation.
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It is one of the most abundant, widespread, and ecologically important shallow water genera of tropical sea urchins. It is found in all tropical oceans, although is ubiquitous in the Indo-Pacific region, where it inhabits depths down to 70 m. However each species inhabits roughly separate areas of ocean. Long-spined urchins Diadema, London Zoo.
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A Grey heron fishing near the mouth of the river Atlantic salmon, brown trout and sea trout use the river to spawn. Other fish species found include Three-spined stickleback, minnow, stone loach, and eel. Dippers and Grey wagtails can also be seen feeding on insects along the river. Invertebrate species found include leeches, Simulidae and Ancylidae.
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The black-spined Atlantic tree-rat, (Phyllomys nigrispinus), is a South American spiny rat species in the family Echimyidae. It is found in southeastern Brazil, where it inhabits moist broadleaf forest and semideciduous forest in the Atlantic Forest region. It is arboreal and is believed to build nests of leaves in trees. Its karyotype has 2n=52.
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Pisaster brevispinus, commonly called the pink sea star, giant pink sea star, or short-spined sea star, is a species of sea star in the northeast Pacific Ocean. It was first described to science by William Stimson in 1857. The type specimen was collected on a sandy bottom, deep, near the mouth of San Francisco Bay.
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The northern red-backed vole, a typical Siberian species, is a characteristic inhabitant of the national park. The area has a stable hare population, and a few species of shrews are also present. Øvre Anarjohka national park has many kinds of fish. Salmon, trout, three-spined sticklebacks, grayling, vendace, pike, perch, burbot, and minnows are common.
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S. maculatus is an annual of up to 1½ m high, there are more than five leaflike bracts subtending each cluster of flowerhead, and these bracts are pinnately divided. The yellow florets carry some black hairs. The cypselas do not have pappus at their top (but are encased by the paleae). The spined wings along the stems are uninterrupted.
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Alien Quadrilogy DVD Set, Disc 4 - Aliens Supplemental. 2003. The only change was removing the translucent dome that gave the creature's head its sleek shape in Alien, exposing the ridged, spined cranium beneath. Cameron felt the dome was too fragile for the practical effects,"Bug Hunt: Creature Design" Featurette. Alien Quadrilogy DVD Set, Disc 4 - Aliens Supplemental. 2003.
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Argyrops spinifer is also known as king soldier bream, Bowen snapper, frying- pan snapper, frypan bream, long-spined red bream, longfin snapper, longspine seabream and red bokako. It is a species of fish in the family Sparidae. It is used as seafood and can be found in the Red Sea, Eastern coast of Africa and northern Australia.King SoldierBream .
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Members of this family range from less than two to about four millimeters in body length, with robust, spined pedipalps and rather short legs, although the second pair can be as long as two centimeter. Most Cladonychiidae are reddish brown to dark brown, but cave-dwelling species are pale yellow. Not all species have eyes. (2007): Cladonychiidae Hadži, 1935.
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The small Pandanus rigidifolius fruit body is held upright, on a short peduncle. A low, small, spreading, many-branched tree. It produces many stilt-like roots, along the trunk, but also along the length of the side- branches. It can be distinguished by its compact (often trifarious) rosettes of small, rigid, erect, red-spined, deep blue-green leaves.
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The Techirghiol stickleback (Gasterosteus crenobiontus) was an endemic fish species, found in the streams inflowing to the coastal hyperhaline Lake Techirghiol in southern Romania. It was a freshwater benthopelagic fish, up to SL in length. It is considered extinct due to hybridization with the three- spined stickleback. The last known occurrence of the species was in the 1960s.
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Growth forms are varied and include branching, club-shaped, massive and encrusting. Identification of members of this family is based on microscopic examination of the spicules in their skeleton. The choanosomal skeleton is composed of tornotes while the ectosomal skeleton consists of a tangential crust of spined styles or oxeas. The microscleres are mostly arcuate isochelae.
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When viewed using scanning electron microscopy, it can be observed that the S. intercalatum's surface has a much lower amount of integumental elevations, or bosses, than S. mansoni. This feature is consistent with the tegument appearance of other terminally spined schistosomes.Kuntz RE (1977) Scanning electron microscopy of intergumental surfaces of Schistosoma intercalatum. J Parasitol 63: 401-406.
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NATURA 2000 - STANDARD DATA FORM Amphibian species living in the area include the European fire-bellied toad. Mammal species present in the area include Eurasian beaver and greater mouse-eared bat. Fish species include spined loach, European weatherfish and European bitterling. Invertebrates include Lucanus cervus, large copper, dusky large blue, scarce large blue, Osmoderma eremita and Vertigo angustior.
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The garfish is a predator which hunts in the open sea seeking out shoals of small fish such as Atlantic herring, sprats, sand eels, and even three-spined sticklebacks. They also feed on free-swimming crustaceans. They frequently forage near to the shore and will hunt in and around natural or manmade features which interrupt tidal flows.
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There are many predators of Z. exclamationis in its different life stages. Eggs are predated by the melyrid beetle Collops vittatus, the thirteen spotted ladybird Hippodamia tredecimpunctata, and the convergent ladybird H. convergens. Larvae of the common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea consume both eggs and larvae. The spined soldier bug Podius maculiventris predates both larvae and adults.
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Chorisops tibialis, the dull four-spined legionnaire, is a Palearctic species of soldier fly. This species of Soldier fly is found in Europe and North Africa and Myanmar A small (Size 3 to 4 mm.) slender fly. The male has a metallic green thorax and scutellum (both are greenish black in females). The humeri may be yellowish.
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No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life. Mud-puddling behaviour has been noted: these insects are attracted to the sodium and ammonium ions in human urine. (2009): Mud-puddling in the yellow-spined bamboo locust, Ceracris kiangsu (Oedipodidae: Orthoptera): Does it detect and prefer salts or nitrogenous compounds from human urine? Journal of Insect Physiology 55(1): 78-84.
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Because these males have reduced dorsal pigmentation, resulting a pearlescent white appearance, they have been dubbed "white sticklebacks". It is currently unknown whether they are a distinct species, or simply a morph of the common Atlantic stickleback. Infection with the cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus causes a reduction in egg mass production or complete absence of eggs in female three-spined sticklebacks .
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Dorippe frascone, the urchin crab or carrier crab, is a small species of crab in the family Dorippidae that was first described scientifically by J.F.W. Herbst, in 1785. It is found in the Red Sea and parts of the western and eastern Indian Ocean. It often has a symbiotic relationship with a long-spined sea urchin and carries one around on its carapace.
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The generic name is based on the name of the type locality of the type-species. The specific name refers to the spinulation of the socii and is derived from Latin spinosissima (meaning the most spined)., 2011: New species of Hynhamia Razowski and other genera close to Toreulia Razowski & Becker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 80 (1): 53-82.
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S. maculatus is an annual of up to 1.5 m high, there are more than five leaf-like bracts subtending each cluster of flowerhead, and these bracts are pinnately divided. The yellow florets carry some black hairs. The cypselas do not have pappus at their top (but are encased by the paleae). The spined wings along the stems are uninterrupted.
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Coho also generally stay in this area, but some have been found in the Granite and Carter Creek area, about above Boulder Creek. Coastal cutthroat trout can be found all around the watershed; some migrate to the ocean, while others live in the river and its tributaries year round. Pacific lamprey, three-spined stickleback, and various sculpins have also been observed.
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Mammillaria geminispina, the twin spined cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to central Mexico. It grows to tall by broad. The clustering spherical stems, 8 cm in diameter, are covered in white down and white spines. Carmine pink flowers are borne in summer and autumn. Its status is listed as “Least concern ” by the IUCN Red List.
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Agave macroacantha, the black-spined agave or large-thorned agave, is a species of succulent flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae naturally occurring in Oaxaca and also near the town of Tehuacan in the State of Puebla, Mexico.Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum Exhibentia Ephemerides sive Observationes Historias et Experimenta 16(2): 676. 1833.
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The eggs are oval-shaped, measuring 115-175 µm long and 45-47 µm wide, and ~150 µm diameter on average. They have pointed spines towards the broader base on one side, i.e. lateral spines. This is an important diagnostic tool because co- infection with S. haematobium (having a terminal-spined eggs) is common, and they are hard to distinguish.
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Aspidura is a genus of the Colubridae family of snakes that is endemic to island of Sri Lanka which is commonly known as rough-sided snake, and as මැඩිල්ලා (maedilla) in Sinhala. Black-spined snake which was once in the genus Haplocercus is now added to this genus. The genus is now comprised with 9 species, with the latest discovery in 2019.
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Below the dam there is a high cascade. An unnamed fall from the mouth prevents saltwater tides from flowing further upstream. The Riverin River is not recognized as a salmon river. There are rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) at the mouth of the river, and other fish include American eel (Anguilla rostrata), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
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Its pathogenic armament, the eggs are oval-shaped, measuring 144 × 58 µm in diameter, with characteristic terminal spine. This is an important diagnostic tool because co-infection with S. mansoni (having a lateral-spined eggs) is common. The miracidium measures about 136 μm long and 55 μm wide. The body is covered by anucleate epidermal plates separated by epidermal ridges.
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Duttaphrynus melanostictus is commonly called Asian common toad, Asian black- spined toad, Asian toad, black-spectacled toad, common Sunda toad, and Javanese toad. It is probably a complex of more than one true toad species that is widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia. The species grows to about long. Asian common toads breed during the monsoon, and their tadpoles are black.
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Bristles are found on pig breeds, instead of fur. Because the density is less than with fur, pigs are vulnerable to sunburn. One breed, the Tamworth pig, is endowed with a very dense bristle structure such that sunburn damage to skin is minimized. Animals named for their bristles include bristlebirds, the bristle-thighed curlew, the bristle-spined porcupine, and the Trinity bristle snail.
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Other fish found in the park include Arctic char, grayling, pike, perch, burbot, three-spined stickleback, ninespine stickleback and minnow. Stocking with fish has resulted in the introduction of Atlantic salmon, vendace and lake trout. The lower areas of the wilderness area are covered by a taiga forest of Scots pine. Less common trees include downy birch, goat willow, aspen and rowan.
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Subsequent sessions are scheduled to open annually in January and August. On July 2012, Young Judaea Israel Spined off from Hadassah to Independence and WUJS Israel became a program solely run by Young Judaea Israel with locations in The Florentine neighborhood of Tel Aviv and Merkaz HaCarmel in Haifa. Today the program offers personally tailored professional internships, Hebrew studies, and weekly educational excursions.
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Poecilopachys australasia, commonly known as the two-spined spider, is an Australian orb-weaving spider which has also been recorded in New Zealand since the early 1970s. The spider is nocturnal, spinning a cart-wheel-shaped web at night which it consumes in the morning. Females can be commonly found on the undersides of citrus tree leaves during the day.
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Sepia bandensis, commonly known as the stumpy-spined cuttlefish or dwarf cuttlefish, is a species of cuttlefish. Sepia baxteri and Sepia bartletti are possible synonyms. It reaches 7 centimeters in mantle length; males weigh about 40 grams, females 45 grams. The body is coloured light brown, or greenish yellow, with white spots on the head and short white bars on the dorsal mantle.
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The petioles are 18–30 cm long, and armed with sharp spines at the base. The female cones are open, with sporophylls 12–18 cm long, with four to six ovules per sporophyll. The lamina is lanceolate, with spined dentate margins and an apical spine. The sarcotesta is orange-brown, the sclerotesta short ovoid to globular, with a network of shallow grooves.
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Lesser known fish are the two- spined blackfish, which survives in the Cotter catchment, the trout cod, which is locally extinct but being restocked, silver perch, which is near local extinction, Macquarie perch, which is endangered but still survives in the Cotter River, and the mountain Galaxias, an increasingly threatened small fish now only found in small streams free of trout.
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The bicolored-spined porcupine (Coendou bicolor) is a species of nocturnal and arboreal rodent in the family Erethizontidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The head and body of Coendou bicolor measure about 543 mm, and another 481 mm is tail. The body is covered with dense spines, pale yellow at the base and black-tipped, and significantly darker on the midback.
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Gasteracantha sturi, commonly known as the blunt-spined kite spider, is a species of spider belonging to the family Araneidae. It is found in Southeast Asia, from Laos to the Moluccas. The abdomen is much broader than long and bright yellow with two black cross lines. The lateral corners have thick, blunt spikes with two shorter, sharper spikes both on the front and rear margins.
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Male diving beetles have suctorial cups on their forelegs that they use to grasp females. Other beetles have fossorial legs widened and often spined for digging. Species with such adaptations are found among the scarabs, ground beetles, and clown beetles (Histeridae). The hind legs of some beetles, such as flea beetles (within Chrysomelidae) and flea weevils (within Curculionidae), have enlarged femurs that help them leap.
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The northern greater galago penis is on average 18 mm in length and width of shaft is even from body to bottom of tip. The baculum is clearly visible at the tip. The glans terminates with a characteristic set of curves which does not occur in any other species. The surface is spined with doubled headed or even tridentate penile spines pointing towards the body.
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The sea stickleback (Spinachia spinachia), also known as the fifteen-spined or fifteenspine stickleback, is a species of stickleback which lives in benthopelagic and in brackish environments of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. This species, the largest of the sticklebacks, grows to a length of SL. This species is the only known member of its genus Spinachia. It is of no interest as a commercial fish.
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There is also an important population of spined loach in the drainage channels in and around the washes, and the presence of this species is one of the primary reasons for the site's designation as a Special Area of Conservation. There is access to the RSPB reserve immediately east of the B1040 road from Nene Way. The western end is private land with no public access.
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There are a number of different species that instigate predation on C.lavauxi. Because they inhabit the area where the tide does not often reach, their predators are not generally fish but birds. Their main predators are generalist birds such as Seagulls or Kingfisher. The major form of predation from fish includes the Smooth Hound Fish, Spined Dogfish, Terakihi, Sea Perch, Moki and Red Gurnard.
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Eryngium mathiasiae is an erect perennial herb 30 to 40 centimeters tall. There is a basal rosette of long lance-shaped leaves, the blades up to 17 centimeters long and lined with sharp-pointed serrations or lobes, borne on petioles several centimeters in length. The inflorescence is an array of flower heads, each surrounded by sharp, spined bracts. The greenish flower heads bloom in small, white petals.
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The eye socket is almost completely surrounded by a ring of bone. Incisors are distinctly narrow. Overall, the animal displays a mix of New World porcupine cranial characters, spiny rat cranial characters, and characters that set it apart from all other rodents. The bristle-spined rat is restricted to remnant forests and forest edges in the Atlantic coastal forests on the east coast of Brazil.
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Schematic of the lateral line system Some scales of the lateral line (center) of a Rutilus rutilus. three-spined stickleback with stained neuromasts The major unit of functionality of the lateral line is the neuromast. The neuromast is a mechanoreceptive organ which allows the sensing of mechanical changes in water. There are two main varieties of neuromasts located in animals, canal neuromasts and superficial or freestanding neuromasts.
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The desert rainbow-skink (Carlia triacantha) is an Australian skink in the genus Carlia, commonly known as four-fingered skinks, from the subfamily Lygosominae. It is native to desert woodland regions throughout most of the Northern Territory, the north of Western Australia, and the far north-west of South Australia. It was originally classified as Leiolopisma triacantha, and is sometimes known as the three-spined rainbow-skink.
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The Priacanthidae, the bigeyes, are a family of 18 species of marine fishes. "Catalufa" is an alternate common name for some members of the Priacanthidae. The etymology of the scientific name (prioo-, to bite + akantha, thorn) refers to the family's very rough, spined scales. The common name of "bigeye" refers to the member species' unusually large eyes, suited to their carnivorous and nocturnal lifestyles.
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The throat has a large black blotch, extending to the base of the forelimbs. Males have a crest of spined scales running down the length of the body, which are longer than those of females. Males also have proportionally longer hind legs. Females are largely unmarked or have light speckles, and lack the dark crossbars of males, although may have dark banding on tail, especially young females.
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Specimens arising from sexually produced eggs have a completely straight and relatively shorter spine. In parthenogenetically produced animals, the spine features a kink in the middle (see figure). Previously, the kinked-spined animals were thought to be a separate species – Bythotrephes cederstroemi. After genetic analysis, it is now considered to be a form of B. longimanus, making Bythotrephes a monotypic genus, (one with only a single species).
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During development the opercular series is known to be one of the first bone structures to form. In the three-spined stickleback the opercular series is seen forming at around seven days after fertilization. Within hours the formation of the shape is visible and then the individual components are developed days later. The size and shape of the operculum bone is dependent on the organism's location.
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The most spectacular cactus displays are the 500 bright yellow-spined Golden Barrel Cactus (Echinocactus grusonii), the largest being more than 85 years old. They flower in the Spring, and are native to central Mexico. This is probably the best display of Golden Barrels in the world.Botanical Pilgrimage to the Huntington The crassula family consists of unarmed leaf succulents found mostly in Mexico and Africa.
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The anal fin generally has 3-spines, although a single 4-spined individual has been reported, and 9–11 rays. There are 28–31 scales in the lateral line series. Adults are reported to grow to a total length of 28–30 cm in Lake Victoria, but they mature at much smaller sizes in smaller water bodies, with ripening females reportedly as small as 8 cm.
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Datura ferox, commonly known as long spined thorn apple and fierce thornapple, as well as Angel's-trumpets, is a species of Datura. Like all such species, every part of the plant contains deadly toxins that can kill animals (including humans) that ingest it. Its fruit, red-brown when ripe, has unusually long thorns or spikes. The species was first described in 1756 by Linnaeus.
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Three-spined stickleback males (red belly) build nests and compete to attract females to lay eggs in them. Males then defend and fan the eggs. Painting by Alexander Francis Lydon, 1879 Teleosts may spawn in the water column or, more commonly, on the substrate. Water column spawners are mostly limited to coral reefs; the fish will rush towards the surface and release their gametes.
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S. grandiflorus is an annual or biennial of up to ¾ m high with one, two or three leaflike bracts subtending each cluster of flowerheads and these are spiny dentate. The yellow to orange florets do not have black hairs. The cypselas are topped by three to seven bristles of smooth pappus hairs (and are encased by the paleae). The spined wings along the stems are uninterrupted.
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The river holds anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and less commonly American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). There are also alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). The upstream section of the river is considered an exceptional habitat for young salmon. However, the large rapids from the mouth limit their migration.
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Direct defense can include protective structures and chemical defenses. Most planktivorous fishes are gape-limited predators, meaning their prey is determined by the width of their open mouths, making larger larvae difficult to ingest. One study proved that spines serve a protective function by removing spines from estuarine crab larvae and monitoring differences in predation rates between de-spined and intact larvae.Morgan, S. G. 1989.
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Cobitis dalmatina is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family (Cobitidae). It is endemic to Croatia.Crivelli (2005) This fish was long believed to be part of the widespread Spined Loach (C. taenia).FishBase (2008) Cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data (nDNA RAG-1 and S7 ribosomal protein intron 1, and mtDNA cytochrome b) confirms that it is properly treated as full species.
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Therefore, gene expression for MHC genes might contribute to the natural selection processes of certain species and be in fact evolutionarily relevant. For example, in another study of three-spined sticklebacks, exposure to parasite species increased MHC class IIB expression by over 25%, proving that parasitic infection increases gene expression. MHC diversity in vertebrates may also be generated by the recombination of alleles on the MHC gene.
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Metriacanthosauridae is an extinct family of theropod dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. When broken down into its Greek roots, it means "moderately-spined lizards". The family is split into two subgroups: Metriacanthosaurinae, which includes dinosaurs closely related to Metriacanthosaurus, and another group composed of the close relatives of Yangchuanosaurus. Metriacanthosaurids are considered carnosaurs, belonging to the Allosauroidea superfamily.
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Phoxocampus diacanthus, also known as the obscure pipefish or spined pipefish, is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Sygnathidae. It can be found inhabiting reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific from Japan and Sri Lanka to Samoa and New Caledonia in the south. Its diet likely consists of small crustaceans. Reproduction occurs through ovoviviparity in which the males brood eggs before giving live birth.
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The slender-spined porcupine fish or globefishMelbourne's Wildlife (Museum Victoria, 2006), 324. (Diodon nichthemerus) is a porcupinefish of the family Diodontidae, found in the waters of southern Australia, as far north as Port Jackson to Geraldton, Western Australia. It is most common in Port Phillip Bay and the coastal waters of Tasmania in shallow coastal waters and under manmade jettys. It is one of the smallest members of the porcupinefish family.
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In Nova Scotia, a form of three-spined stickleback departs from the usual pattern of parental care. Unlike other sticklebacks that nest on the substrate, Nova Scotian male sticklebacks build nests in mats of filamentous algae. Surprisingly, almost immediately after fertilization, the males disperse the eggs from the nest and resume soliciting females for eggs. Hence, there appears to have been a loss of parental care in this population.
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Three-spined sticklebacks have recently become a major research organism for evolutionary biologists trying to understand the genetic changes involved in adapting to new environments. The entire genome of a female fish from Bear Paw Lake in Alaska was recently sequenced by the Broad Institute and many other genetic resources are available. This population is under risk from the presence of introduced northern pike in a nearby lake.
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The spined pygmy shark has a wide distribution around the world. In the Atlantic Ocean, it occurs off Bermuda, the United States, Suriname, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina in the west, and off northern France, Madeira, Cape Verde, and the Azores in the east. In the Indian Ocean, this species has only been recorded off Somalia. In the Pacific Ocean, it is found off southern Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.
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During the breeding season, male three-spined sticklebacks defend nesting territories. Males attract females to spawn in their nests and defend their breeding territory from intruders and predators. After spawning, the female leaves the male's territory and the male is solely responsible for the care of the eggs. During the ~6-day incubation period, the male 'fans' (oxygenates) the eggs, removes rotten eggs and debris, and defends the territory.
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Atlantic salmonSalmon frequent several Lewis rivers after crossing the Atlantic. Many of the fresh-water lochs are home to fish such as trout. Other freshwater fish present include Arctic char, European eel, 3 and 9 spined sticklebacks, thick-lipped mullet and flounder. Offshore, it is common to see grey seals, particularly in Stornoway harbour, and with luck, dolphins, harbour porpoises, sharks and even the occasional whale can be encountered.
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In wetter areas salmonberry, false lily of the valley, vanilla-leaf, and skunk cabbage may be present. In the sea waters swim orcas, porpoises, seals, salmon, lingcod, shiner perch, saddleback gunnel and three-spined stickleback, among others. The largest land animal in the park would be the black-tailed deer. Fallow deer are also present but are an introduced species from some of the island's history as private hunting grounds.
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Diadema setosum is a species of long-spined sea urchin belonging to the family Diadematidae. It is a typical sea urchin, with extremely long, hollow spines that are mildly venomous. D. setosum differs from other Diadema with five, characteristic white dots that can be found on its body. The species can be found throughout the Indo-Pacific region, from Australia and Africa to Japan and the Red Sea.
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There are brown trout, European eel and three-spined stickleback in the streams, and salmon occasionally run in the Kinloch River.Clutton-Brock and Ball (1987) page 143. The only amphibian found on Rùm is the palmate newt and the only reptile native to Rùm is the common lizard. Invertebrates are diverse and have been studied there since 1884, numerous species of damsel fly, dragonfly, beetle, butterflies, moths etc.
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One of these forms from Victoria has been named as Gadopsis gracilis. Blackfish have a recruitment method similar to Murray cod, but with more specialisation to upland habitats. Blackfish spawn in spring and lay a very limited number of large, adhesive eggs (<1000) on sunken timber (snags), or in the case of two-spined blackfish on submerged rocks. Similar to Murray cod, the male guards the eggs until they hatch.
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The peristome is sinuous above. The umbilical region is covered with a heavy callus, more or less stained with pinkish, somewhat excavated at center, and obsoletely spirally ridged.G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (described as Astralium (Guildfordia) triumphans) Shell of Guildfordia triumphans (Philippi, 1841), (rare 10 spined form) measuring 38.1 mm diameter, taken by gill nets at 30–50 fathoms off Minabe, in Japan.
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Bombina microdeladigitora is a species of toad in the family Bombinatoridae endemic to Guangxi, Hubei and Sichuan in China. It is commonly known by several names including Guangxi firebelly toad, Hubei firebelly toad, large- spined bell toad, Lichuan bell toad, small-webbed bell toad, and Yunnan firebelly toad. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, temperate forests, rivers, swamps, and freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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After rapidly growing into a large corporation, covering major international events, MBC established specialized companies for each value chain (MBC Production, MBC Media Tech, MBC Broadcast Culture Center, MBC Arts Company, MBC Arts Center) and spined them off as subsidiaries to become a more efficient corporation amid fiercer competition in the multimedia era. ※ MBC Production and MBC Media Tech were merged into MBC C&I; in August, 2011.
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Atlantic salmon Salmon frequent several Lewis rivers after crossing the Atlantic. Many of the fresh-water lochs are home to fish such as trout. Other freshwater fish present include Arctic char, European eel, 3 and 9 spined sticklebacks, thick-lipped mullet and flounder. Offshore, it is common to see seals, particularly in Stornoway harbour, and with luck, dolphins, porpoises, sharks and even the occasional whale can be encountered.
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They are produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. The bark is smooth and light grey. The fruit is a small, sharply three-angled nut long, borne singly or in pairs in soft-spined husks long, known as cupules. The husk can have a variety of spine- to scale-like appendages, the character of which is, in addition to leaf shape, one of the primary ways beeches are differentiated.
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A second native fish, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) thrives in the creek and its tributaries. The recovering Wildcat Marsh (once stretching to San Pablo Creek as part of a dynamic, contiguous system) supports a diversity of endangered and threatened species, including the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), the black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis), the salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris), and the San Pablo vole (Microtus californicus sanpabloensis).
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Among them are long-spined sea urchins like Diadema setosum, Diadema savignyi, and Echinothrix calamaris. Brittle stars of the genus Ophiomastix as well as shelled gastropods are also not attacked. Paracorynactis hoplites is interesting for its ability to capture even large sea stars like horned sea stars (Protoreaster nodosus) and the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). Polyps in diameter have been observed capturing sea stars as large as across.
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The various species of Pachypodium are more or less heavily spined. Species from more arid regions have evolved denser and longer spines. Fog condenses on their spines in the form of dew, which drips down to the ground and increases the amount of moisture that's available to their often shallow roots. The concept of "micro- endemism" plays an important role in this relationship between adaptation mechanisms and speciation.
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Whether the offspring has a posterior spine or not seems to depend on the number of predators in the body of water where the rotifer lives. If predation rates are high, spined "typica" forms are produced, but if low, spineless forms known as "tecta" develop. Tecta females can produce typica offspring and vice versa. It has also been found that different forms tend to predominate at different times of year.
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Diploria labyrinthiformis hosts Zooxanthella, a symbiotic dinoflagellate alga. The alga benefits from being in a protective environment in an elevated position. The coral benefits from the nutrients produced photosynthetically by the alga which provides part of its needs for growth and calcification. The coral also has a relationship with Diadema antillarum, the long-spined urchin, whose grazing helps to reduce the effects of shading, as well as the overgrowth of macroalgae.
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Cobitis narentana is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family (Cobitidae). It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.Crivelli (2005) This fish was long believed to be part of the widespread Spined Loach (C. taenia).FishBase (2008) Cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data (nDNA RAG-1 and S7 ribosomal protein intron 1, and mtDNA cytochrome b) confirms that it is properly treated as full species.
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Cobitis ohridana is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family (Cobitidae). It is only found in Albania, Montenegro and North Macedonia.Crivelli (2005) This fish was long believed to be part of the widespread Spined Loach (C. taenia).FishBase (2008) Cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data (nDNA RAG-1 and S7 ribosomal protein intron 1, and mtDNA cytochrome b) confirms that it is properly treated as full species.
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These include: coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Other native fishes include the anadromous Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata), sculpins (Cottus spp.), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and the Sacramento sucker (Castomus occidentalis). The Big River Estuary provides essential wetland habitat and has potential to provide critical salmonid habitat. The strong marine influences in the Big River Estuary are tied to a diversity of fishes.
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Among these may be mentioned observations on the zoophytes of Cornwall, on the development of the frog, on the metamorphosis of the decapod crustaceans, and the natural history of the mackerel in the Polytechnic Reports for 1842 and 1844; and on the nest of the fifteen-spined stickleback in the Penzance Natural History Transactions, ii. 7983. He contributed to John Ralfs's British Desmidieæ, 1848, and to Thomas Bell's British Stalk-eyed Crustacea, 1853.
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This plant, like other Opuntia species, is attacked by cactus moth. Older names for this species, and names for old species which are now considered variants of this species, include plateau prickly pear, brown- spined prickly-pear, Mojave prickly pear, and Kingman prickly pear. The species is widespread, from California south to Mexico and the Southwest United States. There are multiple variations and perhaps these will be described as varieties or full species some day.
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The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a fish native to most inland coastal waters north of 30°N. It has long been a subject of scientific study for many reasons. It shows great morphological variation throughout its range, ideal for questions about evolution and population genetics. Many populations are anadromous (they live in seawater but breed in fresh or brackish water) and very tolerant of changes in salinity, a subject of interest to physiologists.
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Distribution of Gasterosteus aculeatus (Three-spine stickleback) in the United States, from USGS NAS web site The three-spined stickleback is found only in the Northern Hemisphere, where it usually inhabits coastal waters or freshwater bodies. It can live in either fresh, brackish, or salt water. It prefers slow-flowing water with areas of emerging vegetation. It can be found in ditches, ponds, lakes, backwaters, quiet rivers, sheltered bays, marshes, and harbours.
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Micrathena gracilis is a spider in the family Araneidae (orb-weavers), commonly known as the spined micrathena. This spider spins a moderately large (can be about 20 cm long in diameter) and very tightly coiled web. The spiders themselves are small and can be found to be anywhere from 4.2 mm to 10.8 mm long (McCravy and Hessler 215-217). Its venom is not medically significant to humans, making it completely harmless.
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Some trilobites such as those of the order Lichida evolved elaborate spiny forms, from the Ordovician until the end of the Devonian period. Examples of these specimens have been found in the Hamar Laghdad Formation of Alnif in Morocco. There is a serious counterfeiting and fakery problem with much of the Moroccan material that is offered commercially. Spectacular spined trilobites have also been found in western Russia; Oklahoma, USA; and Ontario, Canada.
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Dome-type patch reefs are surrounded by sand which is kept clear due to browsing by long-spined sea urchins and grass- eating fish. Linear-type patch reefs are found on the outer reefs, and are linear or curved. They occur in single or multiple rows, trending the same direction as the bank reefs on the outer reefs. Linear-type patch reefs often include elkhorn coral, which is rare on the dome-type patch reefs.
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The femora are heavily spined, with the hind tibiae having two very broad ridges with only two rows of spurs. They are nocturnal and herbivorous. Unusually for insects, it gives birth to 18–24 live offspring and protects the young for a while after giving birth. Family groups are found in late summer and autumn: a brood of black nymphs, a wingless female and two or more males, all living in a hidden crack.
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Alosa kessleri, also referred to as the Caspian anadromous shad, the blackback, or the black-spined herring, is a species of clupeid fish. It is one of the several species of shad endemic to the Caspian Sea basin. This is an anadromous species which ascends from the Caspian to the Volga river up to the Volgograd to spawn. Before the construction of the Volgograd dam it migrated up to the Kama and Oka tributaries.
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Three-spined stickleback males (red belly) build nests and compete to attract females to lay eggs in them. Males then defend and fan the eggs. Painting by Alexander Francis Lydon, 1879 In nearly all ray-finned fish, the sexes are separate, and in most species the females spawn eggs that are fertilized externally, typically with the male inseminating the eggs after they are laid. Development then proceeds with a free-swimming larval stage.
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A fishhook Mammillaria Fishhook cactus is a common name for any hook-spined species of the genera Mammillaria, Echinomastus or Sclerocactus. They are small cacti, usually growing up to 6-7 inches (20 cm) high, and are shaped similar to a barrel cactus. They are not to be confused with the fishhook barrel cactus (Ferocactus wislizenii) of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts. The Fishhook cactus is a large category of around 150 species.
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In another fish, the three- spined stickleback, it has been shown that females desire MHC diversity in their offspring, which affects their mate choice. Female Savannah sparrows, Passerculus sandwichensis, chose MHC-dissimilar males to mate with. Females are more likely to engage in extra-pair relationships if paired with MHC- similar mates and more dissimilar mates are available. Similarly, MHC diversity in house sparrows, Passer domesticus, suggests that MHC- disassortative mate choice occurs.
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While a dense cover of spruce is found along the nearby Horton River, there are no spruce along the Hornaday. Arctic charr, plentiful, are monitored by the Paulatuk community. Commercial fishing occurred between 1968 through 1986, sports fishing occurred in 1977 and 1978, while currently, the Hornaday is only a food fishery. Other fish species with the river include Arctic cisco, Arctic grayling, broad whitefish, burbot, longnose sucker, and nine-spined stickleback.
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A large drawing depicts the deimatic warning display of a mantis, Pseudocreobotra wahlbergi with its spined forelegs raised and large spiral eyespots on its spread wings forming an image "suggestive of a formidable foe". Other drawings depict the eyespots of fish such as Chaetodon capistratus, the four-eye butterfly fish, which are "usually towards the tail end" and tending to direct attack away from the head.Cott, 1940. p. 373. ; Alluring and mimetic resemblances Chapter 6.
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Three-spined stickleback, juvenile chum salmon, and other planktivorous fish can attack this copepod. In response to the normal diel vertical migration of predators like Euchaeta elongata, it performs a reverse diel vertical migration so as to not co-occur in depth with feeding predators. It may also perform normal diel vertical migration when visually-reliant predators are more important, and no migration when predators do not have a large enough effect.
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Scientists have developed and explored a variety of scientific models, from Lucy Shapiro's single-celled Caulobacter crescentus to the three-spined stickleback and the zebrafish. Many are working on understanding basic processes whose disruption can cause disease. Roel Nusse has explored the Wnt signaling pathway in mice and fruit flies, and linked it to cancer and diabetes. Philip A. Beachy has examined the Hedgehog signaling pathway and its role in embryonic development and cell formation.
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The tree is monoecious, with flowers of both sexes on the same tree. The fruit is a small, sharply-angled nut, borne in pairs in a soft-spined, four-lobed husk. It has two means of reproduction: one is through the usual dispersal of seedlings, and the other is through root sprouts (new trees sprout from the roots in different locations). The American beech is a shade- tolerant species, commonly found in forests in the final stage of succession.
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The Geul is a wet dune valley, originally it was part of Mok bay, but a dam was built so that drinking water could be extracted from the dunes. Here the largest colony on Texel of common spoonbill breeds. After the extraction of water stopped in 1993 the area became much wetter. Through a ditch with fish ladders, water can escape to the Mok, and three-spined stickleback can enter the Geul from the Wadden Sea.
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The Barbu de Watermael is one of the smallest of all bantams: males weigh and hens It has a narrow backswept crest, a three-part beard and a unique spined rose comb. It is raised almost exclusively as an ornamental fowl. More than thirty colour varieties are recognised in Belgium. Those usually seen are black, brown red, buff Columbia, cuckoo, quail and white; the other colours are rare, and some are in the hands of only one breeder.
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There is no evidence that this shark swallows its shed teeth like the pygmy and cookiecutter sharks. The spined pygmy shark is aplacental viviparous like the rest of its family, with the developing embryos being sustained by a yolk sac until birth. Adult females have two functional ovaries that may each contain up to 12 mature eggs. However, the actual litter size is much smaller; a pregnant female caught off southern Brazil in 1999 contained four near-term pups.
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The fifteen-spined stickleback is an elongated fish with a long slender snout, an elongated caudal peduncle about one third of the total length, and a fan-like rounded caudal fin. The anterior dorsal fin consists of a series of fourteen to fifteen small, widely separated spines. The posterior dorsal fin and the anal fin are aligned and are similar in size and shape and located immediately anterior to the caudal peduncle. The pelvic fins consist of spines.
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A slender, black shark reaching in length, the viper dogfish can be recognized by its narrow, triangular jaws and well-spaced, fang-like teeth. It also has two spined dorsal fins, dermal denticles with faceted crowns, and numerous light-emitting photophores concentrated on its ventral surface. Feeding mainly on bony fishes, the viper dogfish captures prey by protruding its jaws and impaling them with its teeth. Its impressive gape allows it to swallow relatively large fish whole.
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Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids, meaning "spined reptiles") is a family of theropod dinosaurs comprising up to thirteen known genera. They came into prominence during the Cretaceous period, with possible origins in the Middle or Late Jurassic. Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered worldwide, including Africa, Europe, South America, Asia, and possibly Australia. Their remains have generally been attributed to the Early to Mid Cretaceous, with the exception of the earliest named genus Ostafrikasaurus, a possible spinosaurid from the Late Jurassic.
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Medicago truncatula, the barrelclover, strong-spined medick, barrel medic, or barrel medick, is a small annual legume native to the Mediterranean region that is used in genomic research. It is a low-growing, clover-like plant tall with trifoliate leaves. Each leaflet is rounded, long, often with a dark spot in the center. The flowers are yellow, produced singly or in a small inflorescence of two to five together; the fruit is a small, spiny pod.
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This surprising phenomenon of DC has been described in a range of vertebrate species including birds: Zebra Finch, Japanese Quail, European Blackbird, European Robin, both in the wild and in captivity, Domestic Chicken, Great Tit and Blue Tit, and fish: Three-spined Stickleback and four species of the Guppy genus Poecilia. Dietary conservatism has never been demonstrated in humans, although the genetically influenced behaviour of “fussy eating” in children resembles the behaviour seen in non-human animals.
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Panulirus penicillatus is a species of spiny lobster that lives on shallow rocky and coral reefs in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Common names for this spiny lobster include variegated crayfish, tufted spiny lobster, spiny lobster, Socorro spiny lobster, red lobster, pronghorn spiny lobster, golden rock lobster, double spined rock lobster and coral cray. It has a very wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
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The red velvetfish (Gnathanacanthus goetzeei) is a marine scorpaeniform fish of the inshore waters of western and southern Australia. It is the sole member of the family Gnathanacanthidae and genus Gnathanacanthus. This fish is red all over, and instead of scales, its skin is covered with small tubercles, hence its name. All of its fins (except caudal) are large and spined, and of its two dorsal fins, the forward one reaches to just above the large eyes.
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In one of his letters to his mentor Karl Theordor von Siebold, he mentioned some of the eggs were different in having terminal spines while some had lateral spines. Terminal- spined eggs are unique to S. haematobium, while lateral spines are found only in S. mansoni. Bilharz also noted that the adult flukes were different in anatomy and number eggs they produced. He introduced the terms bilharzia and bilharziasis for the name of the infection in 1856.
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Fish present in Lough Arrow include brown trout, perch, roach, three-spined stickleback, pike, rudd, bream and the critically endangered European eel. A number of duck species winter at the lake including mallard, wigeon, teal, red-breasted merganser, tufted duck, pochard and goldeneye. Other bird species found at the lake include great crested grebe, little grebe, cormorant and mute swan. Lough Arrow has been designated a Special Area of Conservation as a hard water lake habitat.
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Scolopterus penicillatus, also known as the black spined weevil, is an endemic beetle of New Zealand. The beetle is present throughout New Zealand and can be discovered by beating native flowering plants in the summer months. In appearance it is a shining black colour with a purplish tinge and looks very similar to its close relative Scolopterus tetracanthus. S. penicillatus can be distinguished from S. tetracanthus as the spines on the shoulders of the former are much less pointed.
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In 1932, however, von Huene concluded it was a species of Altispinax, A. parkeri. In 1964, scientist Alick Walker decided these fossils were too different from Altispinax, as they lacked the long vertebral spines, and named the new genus Metriacanthosaurus. The generic name is derived from Greek metrikos, "moderate", and akantha, "spine". Metriacanthosaurus thus gets its name from its vertebrae, which are taller than typical carnosaurs, like Allosaurus, but lower than other high-spined dinosaurs like Acrocanthosaurus.
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In the copepod host, it is able to suppress activity while uninfective to the stickleback host. This reduces the likelihood of the copepod host being consumed and consequently unsuccessful transmission of the parasite. Once the parasite becomes infective, after approximately two weeks, activity increases and, as a consequence, the risk of consumption by three-spined sticklebacks increases. However, when multiple, non-simultaneous infections by S. solidus occur, host manipulation is orchestrated by the first infecting parasite.
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These trout are renowned for their size and are given the nickname "cranebows". Other fish found in Crane Prairie are brook trout, kokanee salmon, largemouth bass, black crappie, tui chub, three-spined stickleback, and whitefish. Fly, lure, and bait fishing are popular methods, with the majority of trout fisherman casting or trolling in the channels. For the best chance of catching large fish, a boat or other flotation device is recommended as the channels can be wide and deep.
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Other birds found along the stream are: common snipe, woodcock, corn crake, little grebe, gray heron, little owl, barn owl, hawk, Eurasian hobby, black kite, spotted woodpecker, whinchat, common warbler, common redstart, oriole and wryneck. Among the migratory birds stopping here is the osprey. Fish living in the creek include various types of trout (brook trout, rainbow trout), grayling, European bullhead, spined loach, European brook lamprey and common nase. Several of these are also on the Red List.
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Halisaurus platyspondylus is the type species of Halisaurus, having been named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1869. The species name means "flat-spined". Referred specimens include the type specimen YPM 444 (consisting of an angular and a basicranium fragment) from the New Egypt Formation (New Jersey), which is Maastrichtian in age. Important subsequent specimens include NJSM 12146 (an incomplete cranium from the Navesink Formation, New Jersey), USNM 442450 (an incomplete skeleton from the Severn Formation of Maryland).
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While hurricanes often can cause localized damage to Elkhorn and Staghorn corals, Precht and Miller state that the severe and widespread loss of those corals on the Florida Reef cannot be attributed to hurricane damage. Other possible causes of the losses of corals on the Florida Reef include epizootic diseases, eutrophication, predation, sedimentation, overfishing, ship groundings, anchor dragging, commercial lobster and crab traps moved by storms, pollution, development on the Keys, growing numbers of visitors to the Keys and the reefs and the growth of seaweed on the coral.Precht and Miller:243-44, 245, 247-48, 249 The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Florida Keys Accessed December 17, 2010 Long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) The long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum), which browses on seaweed on and around reefs, was sharply reduced in numbers on the Florida Reef (and throughout the Caribbean) in the 1980s. While populations of this sea urchin have somewhat recovered elsewhere, its numbers are still very low on most of the Florida Reef, with the exception of the Dry Tortugas.
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Neretvan spined loach (Cobitis narentana ) is an Adriatic watershed endemic fish that inhabits a narrow area of the Neretva watershed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.Mrakovčić et al., 2006) In Bosnia and Herzegovina it inhabits only the downstream of the Neretva River and its smaller tributaries like the Matica River. In Croatia it is a strictly protected species and inhabits only the Neretva delta and its smaller tributaries, the (Norin) and lake systems of the Neretva delta (Baćina lakes, Kuti, Desne, Modro oko.
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An on-board POV video of the ride was shown, as well the announcement of the name, Skyrush. By August 15, 2011, bright goldenrod painted pieces of single and Intamin track began to appear at the park for the coaster's construction. Like Intimidator 305 at Kings Dominion, the track would be double-spined. Then in December 2011, the park added a webcam of the ride construction on their official website to allow park fans and roller coaster enthusiasts to watch the progress.
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It displays elaborate breeding behavior (defending a territory, building a nest, taking care of the eggs and fry) and it can be social (living in shoals outside the breeding season) making it a popular subject of enquiry in fish ethology and behavioral ecology. Its antipredator adaptations, host-parasite interactions, sensory physiology, reproductive physiology, and endocrinology have also been much studied. Facilitating these studies is the fact that the three-spined stickleback is easy to find in nature and easy to keep in aquaria.
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The urchin crab is so called because of its habit of carrying a sea urchin on its carapace. This is usually the red urchin (Astropyga radiata), the black long-spined urchin (Diadema setosum) or the banded diadem urchin (Diadema savignyi). All these urchins have long, hollow spines and may provide protection to the crab by reducing the risk of predation by fish while not being too heavy to carry. The urchin obtains benefit by being transported to new feeding grounds.
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Fish species of the gulf include Atlantic salmon, viviparous eelpout, gobies, belica, loach, European chub, common minnow, silver bream, common dace, ruffe, Crucian carp, stickleback, European smelt, common rudd, brown trout, tench, pipefish, burbot, perch, gudgeon, lumpsucker, roach, lamprey, vendace, garfish, common whitefish, common bream, zander, orfe, northern pike, spined loach, sprat, Baltic herring, sabre carp, common bleak, European eel and Atlantic cod.Fishing page of Saint-Petersburg . Fishers.spb.ru. Retrieved on 2011-08-14. Commercial fishing is carried out in spring and autumn.
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The spined pygmy shark is found at depths of and seldom approaches the surface, unlike the related pygmy shark and cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis). This shark prefers areas of high biological productivity over upper continental and insular slopes. It may also be found over outer shelves, but avoids central ocean basins. The range of this species does not overlap that of the pygmy shark, which has a similar ecology, and is also largely separate from that of the cookiecutter shark.
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In some species, such as the three-spined stickleback, the large investment in both nesting site and guarding of eggs by males limits the number of females a male can mate with. This introduces the ability for selection to favor male mate choice. Male mate choice is rarely studied or observed in many species but multiple studies have confirmed male mate choice within stickleback species. Males show a choosiness similar to females as to what female they are willing to court and mate.
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1994 Faroe Islands postage stamp with three-spined sticklebacks Niko Tinbergen's studies of the behaviour of this fish were important in the early development of ethology as an example of a fixed action pattern. More recently, the fish have become a favourite system for studying the molecular genetics of evolutionary change in wild populationsKingsley, D.M. and Peichel, C.L. (2007) The molecular genetics of evolutionary change in sticklebacks. in Biology of the three-spinestickleback. Ostlund-Nillson, S., Mayer, I. and Huntingford, F.A. (eds).
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In the case of Pacific salmon, coho, chum, and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. keta, and O. gorbuscha, respectively) mount strong tissue responses to attaching L. salmonis, which lead to rejection within the first week of infection. Pacific L. salmonis can also develop, but not complete, its full lifecycle on the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). This has not been observed with Atlantic L. salmonis. How planktonic stages of sea lice disperse and find new hosts is still not completely known.
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Spiders and many insects are the major predators of Karner blue butterflies. The seven-spotted lady beetle is one of the few confirmed predators of Karner blue butterfly larvae. Paper wasps (Polistes spp.), spined soldier bugs, and ants (Formica spp.) have been observed removing larvae, and the ant Monomorium emarginatum has been seen chewing on Karner blue butterfly eggs. There is currently no explanation for the removal of larvae or chewing of eggs by some of the same ant species that tend larvae.
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The fifteen- spined stickleback is a solitary fish and a predator that lurks among concealing vegetation ready to pounce on plankton and fish fry which drift too close. Breeding takes place in May and June among bladderwrack, the male building a nest out of bits of seaweed. He then guards the eggs and fans them with his fins until they hatch. He continues to care for the fry until they have absorbed the contents of their egg yolks and can feed for themselves.
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Acrocanthosaurus ( ; meaning "high-spined lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur that existed in what is now North America during the Aptian and early Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Like most dinosaur genera, Acrocanthosaurus contains only a single species, A. atokensis. Its fossil remains are found mainly in the U.S. states of Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming, although teeth attributed to Acrocanthosaurus have been found as far east as Maryland, suggesting a continent wide range. Acrocanthosaurus was a bipedal predator.
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The cones are long, green or purple when growing, maturing glossy brown, moderately oblique with stoutly spined scales on the outer side (facing away from the branch). The Apache pine sometimes shows a grass stage like the related Michoacan pine (P. devoniana) and also longleaf pine (P. palustris). The English name refers to the species' occurrence in the lands of the Apache Native Americans, while the scientific name commemorates the pioneering American botanist George Engelmann who discovered the species in 1848.
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Only the vertebrae and pelvis are known. Articulated vertebrae from the holotype specimen possess blade like neural spines that are greatly enlarged, although not nearly to the extent that can be seen in more derived sphenacodontds such as Dimetrodon and Secodontosaurus, in which they form a large sail. The pelvis is nearly identical to that of Dimetrodon. As suggested in the original description of the genus, Ctenorhachis may represent a short-spined sexual dimorph, although the authors find this unlikely.
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Animal Behaviour 32: 379-384. Through cultural transmission, fishes could also learn where good food spots are. Ninespine stickleback, when given a choice between two food patches they have watched for a while, prefer the patch over which more fish have been seen foraging, or over which fish were seen feeding more intensively.Coolen, I., Ward, A.J.W., Hart, P.J.B., and Laland, K.N. (2005) Foraging nine-spined sticklebacks prefer to rely on public information over simpler social cues. Behavioral Ecology 16: 865-870.
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Sharks and skates are uncommon in European waters. Sturgeons are most diverse in eastern Europe. The common bony fishes include herrings (shads, European sprat, Atlantic herring, European anchovy), eels (European conger, European eel, Mediterranean moray), carps (barbel, bitterling, bleak, roach, chub, common dace, Eurasian minnow, gudgeons, rudd, stone loach, spined loach, tench, the Scandinavian tench also known as bakkleburg are the largest in Europe. silver- and carp bream and others - more than 50% of the freshwater fish species belong to this order).
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Leaves have a whitish vein along their margin. S. hispanicus is an annual, biennial or perennial of up to 1¾ m high and it also has one, two or three spiny dentate leaflike bracts subtending each cluster of flowerheads and the yellow, orange or white florets also lack black hairs. The cypselas however are topped by two to five bristles of scabrous pappus hairs (and are encased by the paleae). In this species the spined wings along the stems are interrupted.
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In the fish host, host manipulation induces more risk taking behaviour like positive geotaxis and negative thigmotaxis. This change in behaviour is unlikely to be caused solely by the mechanical presence of the parasite. Phenotype modification, through injecting silicon ′parasites′, with densities and sizes similar to infective plerocercoids (~150 mg) did not alter behaviour. Physiologically, S. solidus is a parasite that inhibits egg production in female three-spined sticklebacks in European populations , but not in Alaskan populations where only egg mass is reduced .
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Carcinosoma (meaning "crab body") is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of Carcinosoma are restricted to deposits of late Silurian (Late Llandovery to Early Pridoli) age. Classified as part of the family Carcinosomatidae, which the genus lends its name to, Carcinosoma contains seven species from North America and Great Britain. Carcinosomatid eurypterids had unusual proportions and features compared to other eurypterids, with a broad abdomen, thin and long tail and spined and forward- facing walking appendages.
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The incertitude is largely based on the introduction of exotic species, such as common carp, crucian carp and Gambusia rather than to the probable extinction of some original local species. Besides the exotic species, nowadays the European chub and European eel are common in the present remaining wetlands and rivulets.Fauna i flora exòtiques a l'estany de Sils The population of three- spined stickleback in the remaining water bodies of the ancient lake is the only presence of this species in the area of the Tordera basin.
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At one end a layer of clay spread on the bottom supported hot coals, an indispensable source of heat if you were going to spend much time in the boat. Dozens of species of fish have been found in the middens. Some of the most common are pike, whitefish, cod and ling at Østenkaer, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and eel at Krabbesholm. The oldest site, Yderhede, featured remains of flatfish and sharks: porbeagle, topeshark, smoothhound and at Lystrup Enge spurdog.
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The species is the smallest in Borneo; the forewings are an ochreous fawn with darker brown markings. The posterior half of the reniform stigma is usually darkened. In facies the species resembles ochracea Walker from Sri Lanka and gaudens Hampson from Java but is distinguished by reduction of the spined band of the aedeagus to two or three unequal spines downturned at the apex of the aedeagus. The dorsally directed process of the harpe is much more strongly sinuous than in either of these species.
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Other paleontologists overlooked Marsh's brief mention of Sphenacodon for almost three decades. In the meantime, the sail- backed Dimetrodon, named in 1878 by rival paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, became a scientifically important genus, known from numerous fossils. Recognition of Sphenacodon as a low-spined carnivorous "pelycosaur" distinct from Dimetrodon came in the early 20th century with the discovery of more fossils in New Mexico. The proposed taxa Elcabrosaurus baldwini Case, 1907 and Scoliomus Williston and Case, 1913 now are considered junior synonyms of Sphenacodon ferox.
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Separation from the sea at low tide means that water is not renewed, fish crowding within the pool means that oxygen is quickly depleted, and absence of light at night means that there is no photosynthesis to replenish the oxygen. Examples of tidepool species that perform ASR include the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus, the three-spined stickleback, and the mummichog. But ASR is not limited to the intertidal environment. Most tropical and temperate fish species living in stagnant waters engage in ASR during hypoxia.
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Needle-tailed swifts get their name from the spined end of their tail, which is not forked as it is in the typical swifts of the genus Apus. The white-throated needletail was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801 under the binomial name Hirundo caudacuta. Their current genus Hirundapus is constructed from the names of the swallow genus Hirundo and the swift genus Apus. The specific name caudacutus comes from the Latin words cauda meaning "tail" and acutus meaning "pointed".
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Three-spined stickleback at the Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo is located in Palo Alto, California and part of the City of Palo Alto's Community Services Department (CSD). It was founded in 1934 by Josephine O’Hara in the basement of a local elementary school. The small zoo holds approximately 200 species of mostly indigenous wildlife such as bobcats, raccoons, hedgehogs, ducks, bats, snakes and more. The museum has an interactive scientific exhibition that is changed every few years.
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In populations where Schistocephalus solidus infects the second intermediate host (three- spined stickleback) it can reach high prevalence -- proportion of host population infected -- up to 93% in both European and North American populations The growth of S. solidus in the second intermediate host is largely dependent upon the environmental temperatures. At an increase of temperature from 15 °C to 20 °C the growth of S. solidus can grow four times as fast. At the same time, the growth rate of the stickleback is significantly reduced .
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There are also fronds of adders-tongue fern on the bank of the lake. Various deciduous trees grow round the lake, and a large island develops at the western end during the winter. The lake contains tench, European perch, common roach, northern pike, eels, common minnows and three-spined sticklebacks, and may have once been stocked for coarse fishing purposes. Birds breeding here include kingfisher, white-throated dipper, mallard, Eurasian coot, common moorhen and mute swan, and other birds, including the little grebe visit in winter.
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Due to the meromictic properties of Pink Lake there are ancient forms of bacteria which use sulfur instead of oxygen to perform photosynthesis. These bacteria form a layer about 7 metres from the bottom to avoid the oxygenated water and maximize sunlight exposure. Pink Lake also has a desalinized variant of the three-spined stickleback fish. In 2006, research was in progress to identify the patterns of atmospheric conditions over the past 10,000 years by examining the annual deposits of sediment in Pink Lake.
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The margin mostly has few teeth (zero to six, mostly one to four) at each side that end in spines of 1–4 mm long, and with a truncated, or pointed and spined tip. The base can be rounded or pointed more or less blending with the leafstem of up to 4 mm long. The midvein is slightly sunken above but sticks out underneath, the three to five pairs of secondary veins that partially reach the leaf margin, partially curve back on their neighbours.
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They are heavily spined, less uniform in colouration and have disproportionately large antennae compared to their body size. Older nymphs looks more similar to adults with a more uniform speckled brown colouration but lacking developed wings. Like other Coreidae, Coreus marginatus has scent glands with small pores in the middle of its thorax which can release strong-smelling, irritating, volatile defensive chemicals when disturbed. The pores have an ultrastructure composed of mushroom-like structures that are connected to each other via ridges and trabecules.
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The Neretvan spined loach (Cobitis narentana Karaman, 1928) is an Adriatic watershed endemic that inhabits a narrow area of the Neretva watershed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina In Bosnia and Herzegovina it inhabits only the lower Neretva and its smaller tributaries like the Matica River. In Croatia it is a strictly protected species and inhabits only the Neretva delta and its smaller tributaries, the (Norin) and lake systems of the Neretva delta (Baćina lakes, Kuti, Desne, Modro oko). It is considered Vulnerable (VU).
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The spined soldier bug (Podisus maculiventris) is a species of insect common in North America. They are predators of gypsy moth caterpillars and the larvae of beetles such as the Colorado potato beetle and the Mexican bean beetle. Since the Mexican bean beetle is widely regarded as a notorious agricultural pest in North America, soldier bugs are generally considered useful garden insects. This insect is a generalist predator with a broad host range, reportedly attacking 90 insect species, which includes several important economic pests.
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Stickleback fish have been documented performing distraction displays. A nesting male three-spined stickleback, when approached by a group of conspecifics, will perform a distraction display by digging or pointing into the substrate away from the nest in order to protect his eggs from cannibalism. There have been two explanations proposed for this behavior. One hypothesis is that the display arose from a courtship behavior in which the male normally "points" an approaching female towards his nest so that she may lay her eggs within it.
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The federally endangered tidewater goby is found in the bay, along with more common three-spined stickleback, shiner perch and Pacific staghorn sculpin. The bay has been invaded by the European green crab, a voracious predator that is known to prey on the young of native crab species, as well as native mussels, oysters, and clams. The invasive European green crab were first documented in Humboldt Bay in 1995 and have been blamed for a decline in clam harvesting. Scientists have not found a way to control them.
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The Pacific staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus, is a common sculpin (Cottidae) found in shallow coastal waters along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California. The sole member of its genus, it is unusual for having spined antler-like projections on its gill covers; it can raise the projections as a defense mechanism. Staghorn sculpins are slender fish, with a grayish olive above, pale creamy yellow sides, and a white belly. The first dorsal fin has 7 spines and usually a dark spot in the posterior half, while the second dorsal has 17 rays.
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Dolph Schluter (born May 22, 1955) is a professor of Evolutionary Biology and a Canada Research Chair in the Department of Zoology at the University of British Columbia. Schluter is a major researcher in adaptive radiation and currently studies speciation in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Schluter received his Bachelor of Science from the University of Guelph in 1977, and his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1983, both in Ecology and Evolution. Schluter's early research was done on the evolutionary ecology and morphology of Darwin's finches.
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Natural England's report in February 2010 reported that the river's two special fish (spined loach and European bullhead) were both being adversely affected by pollution: both in terms of having lower than expected population sizes, and the river failing to provide favourable conditions for them to live. Other wildlife, such as the white-clawed crayfish, have been pushed along the river to its confluence with the River Trent. White-clawed crayfish numbers have also been negatively affected by infiltrating foreign American signal crayfish, which have entered the river from a pool at Catton Hall.
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The spined pygmy shark (Squaliolus laticaudus) is a species of squaliform shark in the family Dalatiidae found widely in all oceans. Growing no larger than roughly , it is one of the smallest sharks alive, with this record beaten by the dwarf lanternshark. This shark has a slender, cigar-shaped body with a sizable conical snout, a long but low second dorsal fin, and an almost symmetrical caudal fin. Its sister species S. aliae and it are the only sharks with a spine on the first dorsal fin and not the second.
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The young are born at long. Males mature sexually at a length of , and females at a length of . The spined pygmy shark was widely considered to be the smallest living shark species until the discovery of the dwarf lanternshark (Etmopterus perryi), though the pygmy ribbontail catshark (Eridacnis radcliffei) is also known to mature at a size comparable to these two species. Whether one of these sharks is definitively smaller than the others cannot yet be stated with certainty, because of the difficulties involved in assessing reproductive maturity in sharks.
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Heron on the Water of Leith The river is stocked with brown trout, and also contains wild grayling, eels, stone loach, minnow, three-spined Stickleback and flounder. A few sea-trout run the river, and occasional Atlantic salmon are reported, although those from which scale samples have been obtained have turned out to be from other catchments. Until the weirs are either demolished or furnished with effective fish-passes, there is little chance of a population of salmon establishing themselves in this river again. Roe deer, badgers, otters and other mammals are occasionally seen.
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The books were green with Jean and Louise illustrated on a haunted path at night on green endpages. The series drew interest again so subsequent volumes were updated and released, with spine symbols, until the publication of a new volume (already written and set for printing in 1945) in 1952; new volumes were released once a year. In 1962, the Dana Girls switched to cream or beige spined picture covers, and went out of print in late 1968. By the Light of the Study Lamp was allowed to go out of print at that time.
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Short- spined form from Gulf of California - live specimen Acanthaster planci has a long history in the scientific literature with great confusion in the generic and species names from the outset, with a long list of complex synonyms. Georg Eberhard Rhumphius first described it in 1705, naming it Stella marina quindecium radiotorum. Later, Carl Linnaeus described it as Asterias planci based on an illustration by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743), when he introduced his system of binomial nomenclature. No type specimens are known; the specimen described by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743) is no longer extant.
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Coccodus is an extinct genus of extinct pycnodontid fish that lived during the lower Cenomanian. The various species had a pair of massive, curved spines emanating from the lower sides of the head, and one curved spine on the top of its head. Unlike most pycnodontids (which tend to have short, marine butterflyfish-like bodies), Coccodus species had a comparatively long body, giving the living animals a superficial resemblance to a scaly chimaera. Coccodus is closely related to the similarly spined genera Trewavasia, Corusichthys, Paracoccodus, and Hensodon, which also lived during the Cenomanian of Lebanon.
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Myoxocephalus scorpius, typically known as the shorthorn sculpin or bull-rout, is a species of fish in the family Cottidae. It is a demersal species of the Northern Atlantic and adjacent subarctic and Arctic seas.Shorthorn Sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius Canada's Polar Life: Organisms. www.polarlife.ca The species has many English names that are used less frequently or in small parts of its range, including Arctic sculpin, daddy sculpin, European sculpin, father-lasher, goat sculpin, Greenland sculpin, guffy, horny whore, pig-fish, scully, scummy, short-spined sea scorpion and warty sculpin.
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The bristle-spined rat, Chaetomys subspinosus, has sometimes been classified in Echimyidae, although traditionally considered a member of the New World porcupine family Erethizontidae. The classification with Echimyidae is supported by similarities in the cheek teeth structure. Like all living caviomorphs except erethizontids, Chaetomys seems to lack posterior carotid foramina, and together with all echimyids and in contrast to all other caviomorphs, Chaetomys seems to retain the otherwise deciduous premolars (dP4). Some of these characters have been, however, reinterpreted as evidence for affinities between Chaetomys and the Erethizontidae.
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Dried yucca leaves and trunk fibers have a low ignition temperature, making the plant desirable for use in starting fires via friction. The stem (when dried) that sports the flowers is often used in collaboration with a sturdy piece of cedar for making primitive fire. In rural Appalachian areas, species such as Yucca filamentosa are referred to as "meat hangers". The tough, fibrous leaves, with their sharp- spined tips, were used to puncture meat and knotted to form a loop with which to hang meat for salt curing or in smoke houses.
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A variant of S. indicum, rather than Schistosoma haematobium, was suggested to be responsible for human schistosomiasis in Gimvi village, Ratnagiri district, India, but was later disputed by other scientists. The main reasons were the use of a different intermediate host (Ferrissia tenuis) and final host (humans) with difference in location (urinary system) which is not possible for any variant. Terminal-spined S. indicum-like eggs have been detected in human stools. Dr. M. C. Agrawal demonstrated cross-immunity against Schistosoma incognitum by immunising the host against S. indicum.
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A German zoologist David Friedrich Weinland corrected the genus name to Schistosoma in 1858; and introduced the disease name as schistosomiasis. The species distinction was first recognised by Patrick Manson at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Manson identified lateral-spined eggs in the faeces of a colonial officer earlier posted to the West Indies, and concluded that there were two species of Schistosoma. An Italian-British physician Louis Westenra Sambon gave the new names Schistosomum haematobium and Schistosomum mansoni in 1907, the latter to honour Manson.
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Parts of the banks have been re-profiled and the resulting soil deposited into the lake to make more shallows and larger reedbeds. The process is known as 'river braiding' and creates a diversity of river features with still pools, shallow riffles and gravel islands which helps to restore natural river processes and better wildlife habitat. The River Mease which joins the River Trent at the eastern extent of the site is a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to its populations of otters, native white-clawed crayfish and spined loach.
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Two grade-control drop structures from the flood control channel in the lower watershed are partial barriers to fish passage since the early 1960s, however, early land use activities in the late 1800s had the first and perhaps most profound impacts upon anadromous fish. Fish surveys in 1984 observed hitch, Sacramento pikeminnow, California roach, Sacramento sucker, three-spined stickleback and non-native mosquito fish at various sites in the lower watershed. The John Muir Land Trust (MHLT) owns three properties in the watershed, the 702 acre Fernandez Ranch and 483 acre Franklin Canyon property.
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Although the plant is toxic to many birds and other animals, the black-spined iguana (Ctenosaura similis) is known to eat the fruit and even live among the limbs of the tree. The tree contains 12-deoxy-5-hydroxyphorbol-6-gamma-7-alpha- oxide, hippomanins, mancinellin, and sapogenin, phloracetophenone-2,4-dimethylether is present in the leaves, while the fruits possess physostigmine. A poultice of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) was used by the Arawak and Taíno as an antidote against such poisons. The Caribs were known to poison the water supply of their enemies with the leaves.
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The Bur Dyke supports a population of three-spined stickleback. Birds that frequent the area include blackbird, blue tit, great tit, wren, dunnock, robin, common chaffinch, bullfinch, blackcap, whitethroat, willow warbler, fieldfare, redwing, heron, kingfisher and chiffchaff. A recent survey identified 22 species of butterfly on the site, including speckled wood, holly blue, small copper, brown argus and marbled white. Amongst the flora in the area are many species of wildflowers and grasses, including dog's tail, knapweed, red clover, great burnet, pignut, with such waterside plants as watercress and water forget-me-not.
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The pond loach, (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), is a freshwater fish in the loach family Cobitidae. They are native to East Asia but are also popular as an aquarium fish and introduced elsewhere in Asia and to Europe, North America and Australia. The alternate name weather loach is shared with several other Cobitidae, including the other members of the genus Misgurnus and the spotted weather loach (Cobitis taenia, commonly known as spined loach). This term comes from their ability to detect changes in barometric pressure and react with frantic swimming or standing on end.
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The spined loach was discovered in 2002 and occasionally salmon and brown trout find their way into the lake, the later introduced in a local brook in 1992-93. The invasive bivalve zebra mussel was first documented in Lake Mälaren in the 1920s and was confirmed in Albysjön in 2002. Other molluscs include painter's mussel, duck mussel, river nerite, and river snail. Crayfishes are not documented in the lake but as the signal crayfish is present throughout Lake Mälaren it is believed to be present in Albysjön as well.
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Additionally, there a range of introduced species such as lake trout, char, salmon, and spined loach. The presence of fourhorn sculpins is a reminder from the time when lake Mälaren was a still bay forming part of the Baltic Sea. Vårbyfjärden was one of the first maritime environments in Sweden to suffer crayfish plague which hit the lake in 1907. The plague was introduced in Lake Mälaren by affected animals thrown into the water at Kornhamnstorg in central Stockholm, from where ships carrying crayfishes spread the disease further inland.
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Ivö Lake (Swedish: Ivösjön) is the largest and deepest lake of Skåne, Sweden, located in the municipalities of Kristianstad and Bromölla in the northeastern part of Skåne County. It covers an area of just under , with a maximum depth of 50 meters. The lake is the richest in fish species in Sweden, including pike, salmon, burbot, vendace, bream, ide, ruffe, minnow, rudd, and spined loach, rare for this area, which has prompted biodiversity conservation efforts and attention from among others EU Natura 2000. 25-30 different species are regularly caught in the lake.
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They were not as streamlined as other groups but had considerably more robust and well developed walking appendages. In Carcinosoma, these spined walking appendages are thought to have been used to create a trap to capture prey in. The telson (final segment of the body) of Carcinosoma appears to have possessed distinct segmentation, Carcinosoma is the only known eurypterid to possess this feature. At in length, the species C. punctatum is the largest carcinosomatoid eurypterid by far and is among the largest eurypterids overall, rivalling the large pterygotid eurypterids (such as Jaekelopterus) in size.
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Because of the weak flows and shallow depth, water is relatively warm and quiet that promotes growth of aquatic vegetation. Fish types include roach, some gobies, crucian carp, sabre carp, perch, ruffe, pike, common dace, silver bream, ide, gudgeon, carp bream, spined loach, European smelt, char, pike-perch, rudd and burbot.Fishes of Kizhi area (in Russian) Along the center of the island runs a narrow ridge, which is a remnant of the ice age. It has steep slopes in some parts and is up to 22 meters tall.
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West of Barca Slough, San Antonio Creek is inhabited by the endangered Unarmored Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni) which, for all practical purposes, prohibits any stream maintenance. The endangered Tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi) is also found in the creek's brackish coastal lagoon and several miles upstream in sections of stream impounded by California Golden beavers (Castor canadensis subauratus) which provide ideal slow-moving water habitat for gobies. San Antonio Creek, from Rancho del las Flores Bridge at State Highway 135 to the Railroad Bridge downstream, is impaired from boron, ammonia, and nitrite pollution.
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The short-spined crown-of-thorns starfish has been reported from the Philippines (western Pacific Ocean, southeast Asia), Great Barrier Reef (western Pacific Ocean, eastern Australia) and the Seychelles (western Indian Ocean). These are widely separated locations and it is not possible to accurately describe the geographic distribution of this species, except it is broad and sympatric with a significant part of the distribution of A. planci. The locations are also within the tropics or subtropics. The highest latitude from which it has been collected is at the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef.
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Other species are brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), American eel (Anguilla rostrata), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In May 2015 the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks of Quebec announced a sport fishing catch-and-release program for large salmon on sixteen of Quebec's 118 salmon rivers. These were the Mitis, Laval, Pigou, Bouleau, Aux Rochers, Jupitagon, Magpie, Saint-Jean, Corneille, Piashti, Watshishou, Little Watshishou, Nabisipi, Aguanish and Natashquan rivers. The Quebec Atlantic Salmon Federation said that the measures did not go nearly far enough in protecting salmon for future generations.
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Family Actinopodidae :Missulena spp. Mouse spiders Family Araneidae :Arachnura higginsii, Scorpion-tailed spider :Araneus bradleyi, Enamelled spider :Argiope keyserlingi, St Andrew's cross spider :Argiope protensa, Tear drop spider or longtailed orb-weaving spider :Argiope trifasciata, Banded orb-weaving spider :Austracantha minax, Christmas Jewel Spider :Celaenia excavata, Bird-dropping spider :Cyrtophora spp., Tent spiders :Eriophora pustulosa, Garden orbweb spider :Eriophora transmarina, Wheelweaving orbweaving spider :Ordgarius magnificus, Magnificent spider :Poecilopachys australasia, Two-spined spider Family Austrochilidae :Hickmania troglodytes, Tasmanian cave spider Family Barychelidae :Idioctis spp., Intertidal trapdoor spider :Idiommata spp.
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Zanthoxylum clava-herculis, the Hercules' club, Hercules-club, pepperwood, or southern prickly ash, is a spiny tree or shrub native to the southeastern United States. It grows to 10–17 m tall and has distinctive spined thick, corky lumps 2–3 cm long on the bark. The leaves are glabrous and leathery, pinnately compound, 20–30 cm long with 7-19 leaflets, each leaflet 4–5 cm long. The flowers are dioecious, in panicles up to 20 cm long, each flower small, 6–8 mm diameter, with 3-5 white petals.
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The Bolsa Chica Interpretive Center is located in the North Parking Lot of the reserve. Open seven days a week from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., the Bolsa Chica Conservancy Interpretive Center offers live animal exhibits, aquaria, maps and information about Bolsa Chica and education programs on wetland science. The main room’s exhibits include live marine life species native to Bolsa Chica and the southern California coast, including bat stars, ochre stars, giant-spined stars, warty sea cucumbers, Kellet’s whelks, chestnut cowries, striped shore crabs, and California spiny lobster.
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Batrachomoeus trispinosus, the three-spined frogfish or Broadbent's frogfish, is a species of Indo-Pacific toadfish, from the largely Old World subfamily, Halophryninae, of the family Batrachoididae. It is the type species of the genus Batrachomoeus. B. trispinosus is a tropical species which can be found in a variety of habitats including intertidal flats near mangroves, estuaries, and reefs down to depths of . It is distributed in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans from Thailand to the Arafura Sea between northern Australia and New Guinea, it is found in the Mekong Delta.
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Ilex cornuta, commonly known as Chinese holly or horned holly, is a slow- growing, densely foliaged evergreen shrub in the Aquifoliaceae plant family. It is native to eastern China and KoreaHillier Nurseries, The Hillier Manual of Trees and Shrubs, David & Charles, 1998, p281 and attains a height of about . The leaves are usually 5-spined (sometimes 4), between 3.5 cm and 10 cm long,Phillips, R. & Rix, M., Shrubs, Macmillan, 1994, p277 oblong and entire. The fruits are red berries, which are larger than those of the European Holly (Ilex aquifolium).
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One or two pups are born at a time; the newborns are extremely large relative to their mothers, measuring around in length. Males reach sexual maturity at a length of and females at perhaps . This is comparable to the sizes at maturity of the spined pygmy shark (Squaliolus laticaudus) and the dwarf lanternshark (Etmopterus perryi), ranking the pygmy ribbontail catshark among the world's smallest sharks. Due to the difficulties involved in assessing reproductive maturity in sharks, whether one of these species is truly smaller than the others cannot yet be definitively determined.
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While other groups of fish, such as cichlids, also possess pharyngeal teeth, the cypriniformes' teeth grind against a chewing pad on the base of the skull, instead of an upper pharyngeal jaw. A true loach - the spined loach, Cobitis taenia The most notable family placed here is the Cyprinidae (carps and minnows), which make up two-thirds of the order's diversity. This is one of the largest families of fish, and is widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and North America. Most species are strictly freshwater inhabitants, but a considerable number are found in brackish water, such as roach and bream.
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Detailed monitoring survey of bats and their conservation through radio awareness programme and outreach programme to school children in Kathmandu Valley. A First Phase report submitted to The Rufford Small Grants, UK. Small Mammals Conservation and Research Foundation, Kathmandu. More recently the Himalayan serow has also been recorded here.Himalayan Times piece In the western part of the park, herpetologists encountered Monocled cobra, Himalayan keelback, olive Oriental slender snake, yellow-bellied worm-eating snake, variegated mountain lizard, Oriental garden lizard, many-keeled grass skink, Sikkim skink, black- spined toad, long-legged cricket frog and horned frog in the summer of 2009.
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Their larvae build funnel traps in the sand and feed on ants and other animals that fall into it using their pincer-like mandibles. Thanks to the sparse population of the forest and the filter action of bunter sandstone, many springs and streams in the hills have retained their natural water quality, so that they remain healthy habitats for many species of fish. These include brown trout and brook lamprey and, in calmer waters, minnow, spined loach and stone loach. In larger meadow streams grayling, perch, pike, burbot und various other minnow-like species may be found.
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Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer, the long-spined tripodfish, is a species of Triacanthidae native to the Indian Ocean and the central western Pacific Ocean where it is found in coastal marine waters, also entering brackish waters in estuaries, at depths of from . This species grows to a length of TL though it more usually does not exceed TL. It is of minor commercial importance and is also found in the aquarium trade. This species is the only known member of its genus.Matsuura, K. (2014): Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014.
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It is found from the easterly Balkan Peninsula to Spain and reaches its northerly limit in Great Britain and Ireland, where it is limited to some regions only: its highest densities are in chalk streams. A. pallipes is the only crayfish found in Ireland, occurring over limestone areas in rivers, streams, canals, and lakes. It is absent from the more acidic waters of the west, and occurs in streams with a moderate flow alongside other freshwater invertebrates such as caddis fly, mayfly, and mollusc species. Trout and three-spined stickleback also occur in the same habitat.
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The River Leck is home to fish such as the stone loach (Barbatula tarantula), the common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), the common roach (Rutilus rutilus), the european bullhead (Cottus gobio), and the three- spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). larger fish including european chub (Squalius cephalus) and river trout (Salmo trutta fario) are also resident in the river. There are also signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in the river with most of the crayfish being small in size with a small number of larger ones. There also be a range of other wildlife such as swans, ducks and myriad types of water insects.
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There are few passerines (perching birds), perhaps because of a lack of nesting opportunities or a dearth of insect food at some times of year. The rivers and lakes are home to Atlantic salmon, brown trout and Arctic char, as well as European eel and three-spined stickleback, and there are rainbow trout which have escaped from fish hatcheries. There are no amphibians or reptiles on Iceland. Around 270 species of marine fish occur in the waters around Iceland, with the most important commercial species being cod, haddock, sea perch, plaice, herring, capelin and blue whiting.
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Ryvarden (2007): 67 There are eight species of fish in the park: Northern pike and European perch are the most common, others include grayling, common minnow, burbot, three-spined stickleback and the least common, brown trout. The trout came up Pasvikelven about 8000 BC. The other species arrived after the last glacial period from Lake Inari and ultimately from the then fresh-water Baltic Sea.Ryvarden (2007): 64 The bird life is dominated by species from the Siberian taiga, which are otherwise not common in Norway. Species inhabiting the park include Siberian jay, pine grosbeak, Bohemian waxwing, common crane and whooper swan.
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Henosepilachna argus larva, lateral aspect Henosepilachna argus larva, frontal aspect. Head capsule width = 1.2 mm Spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris preying on larvae of Epilachna varivestis The Epilachninae are a subfamily of the family of lady beetles, the Coccinellidae, in the order Coleoptera. Superficially, they look much like other ladybirds in the larger subfamily Coccinellinae, but they differ importantly in their biology, in that the members of the subfamily are largely or completely leaf-feeding herbivores rather than being predators. Accordingly, several members of the subfamily are crop pests, and sometimes cause locally serious crop losses.
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The forest becomes stunted above . The higher forest is rich in epiphytes and has great diversity of orchids. Protected flora include Aechmea gustavoi, Baptistonia truncata, Begonia itaguassuensis, Brachionidium restrepioides, Canistrum camacaense, Canistrum montanum, Davilla macrocarpa, Euterpe edulis, Heteropterys bullata, Hiraea bullata, Hirtella santosii, Houlletia brocklehurstiana, Huberia carvalhoi, Inga grazielae, Licania belemii, Octomeria geraensis, Paralychnophora bicolor, Portea nana, Solanum bahianum, Solanum restingae and Trichopilia santoslimae. Protected mammals include maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus), coastal black-handed titi (Callicebus melanochir), golden-bellied capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos), golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), bristle-spined rat (Chaetomys subspinosus) and cougar (Puma concolor).
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Because the Pysht River, like the Hoko River, is brushy, full of snags, and often carries tannin stained water, it is known as a "cedar creek". The river supports nine species of freshwater fish, five salmonid and four non-salmonid. The non-salmonids known to be found in the Pysht River include Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and two freshwater sculpin species: coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) and prickly sculpin (Cottus asper). Salmonid species include chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), sea-run coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus).
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The flora of the gulch consists of coastal sage scrub. In the early 20th century, golden-spined cereus (Bergerocactus emoryi), listed by the California Native Plant Society as a rare plant, existed within the gulch. In 2015, a small number of singlewhorl burrobrush (Ambrosia monogyra), also listed as a rare plant by the California Native Plant Society, were documented near the mouth of the gulch. Near and in the gulch, a few threatened and special concern species have been observed. These include the coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), Cooper’s Hawk (Accipter cooperii), and the northern harrier (Circus hudsonius).
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Spinosuchus (meaning "spined crocodile") is an extinct genus of trilophosaurid allokotosaur from the Late Triassic of Texas, southern United States. It has been assigned to a variety of groups over its history, from coelophysid dinosaur to pseudosuchian to uncertain theropod dinosaur and to Proterosuchidae. This uncertainty is not unusual, given that it was only known from a poorly preserved, wall-mounted, partial vertebral column of an animal that lived in a time of diverse, poorly known reptile groups. However, newly collected material and recent phylogenetic studies of early archosauromorphs suggest that is represents an advance trilophosaurid very closely related to Trilophosaurus.
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In 2016, a re-examination of this convoluted history of classification was published by Michael Maisch. Maisch concluded that von Huene, when he named Altispinax dunkeri, deliberately based the species on the vertebrae and not on the Megalosaurus dunkeri tooth. Because both species were based on different type specimens, later researchers were wrong to consider them the same species. Rather, according to Maisch's interpretation of the rules of the ICZN, Altispinax dunkeri (based on the tall-spined vertebrae) and Megalosaurus dunkeri (based on the tooth from Germany) are two distinct species that happen to share the same species name.
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Perhaps the most recognizable features of Carcinosoma are its spined appendages and its broad and flattened mesosoma (the first six segments of its abdomen). Carcinosomatid eurypterids such as Carcinosoma had less streamlined bodies than those of some other groups, notably the highly streamlined pterygotid eurypterids. In contrast, the walking legs of the carcinosomatids were in general more robust and better developed. Indeed, the walking legs (the second to fifth pair of appendages) were stout and strong and increased in size anteriorly, from the fifth to third pair of appendages, though the first pair of appendages were much shorter than the following pairs.
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Austracantha minax is most commonly known as "jewel spiders" due to their body colouration. This may sometimes be specified further as "Australian jewel spiders" due to the common name being shared with the unrelated North American jewel spider Araneus gemmoides, as well as the widespread jewel box spider Gasteracantha cancriformis. In some parts of Australia they are also widely known as "Christmas spiders" because they are most numerous during the summer months (December and January). Other common names for the species include "six-spined spiders" and "spiny spiders" in reference to the spine-like projections on their abdomens.
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A. brevispinus holotype, oral surface A. brevispinus was described by the American zoologist Walter Kenrick Fisher from a specimen collected at 18 m deep off Sirun Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. The holotype is lodged in the U.S. National Museum, Washington, registration number USNM37027. Madsen (1955) reviewed the taxonomy of the genus Acanthaster and concluded that there were three species: the Indo-Pacific A. planci(L.); the short-armed, blunt spined eastern Pacific A. ellisii (Gray) and A. brevispinus Fisher. Madsen suspected that A. brevispinus was part of the variability of A. planci over its wide geographical range.
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This changes in years when the mouth is closed - salinities are reduced, slack tides can persist for hours, and the winter fish community of sculpins and Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) continues to dominate through summer. Lagoon conditions are ideal for the endangered Tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi), which prefers slow-moving habitats. The goby is found in the estuary and several miles upstream in areas impounded by California Golden beavers (Castor canadensis subauratus). The dunes surrounding the estuary are home to rare plant species, while the freshwater and saltwater marshes along the estuary provide critical bird habitat.
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Sticklebacks are known to cooperate in a tit-for- tat (TFT) strategy when doing predator inspection. The idea behind TFT is that an individual cooperates on the first move and then does whatever its opponent does on the previous move. This allows for a combination of collaborative (it starts by cooperating), retaliatory (punishes defection), and forgiving (respond to cooperation of others, even if they had defected previously) behavioral responses. When three-spined sticklebacks approaching a live predator were provided with either a simulated cooperating companion or a simulated defecting one, the fish behaved according to tit-for-tat strategy, supporting the hypothesis that cooperation can evolve among egoists.
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The path of the river has changed little over time. Historical alterations were made near to the villages of Clifton Campville, Harlaston and Croxall, with the addition of weirs and leats to serve mills (now demolished or non-operational). In the 1980s work was undertaken to deepen the Mease between the village of Measham and its confluence with the River Trent: this was part of a "comprehensive arterial drainage scheme" which was designed to allow land drains to drain into the river. Spined loach (Cobitis taenia) The village of Measham takes its name from the River: Measham means: the homestead on the River Mease.
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Strophurus williamsi, also known commonly as the eastern spiny-tailed gecko, the soft-spined gecko, and Williams' spiny-tailed gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Diplodactylidae. The species is endemic to semi-arid regions of eastern Australia including Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. it has become a popular species as a pet for its distinctive tail features. S.williamsi has been grouped within a clade of seven other species that are believed to have diverged from their ancestors around 16 million years ago S.williamsi can be distinguished from closer relatives by arboreality (living in tress) and diurnal (day-active) activity.
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Unlike the family Geometridae, in which they had been placed by the geometer expert L.B.Prout, hedylids lack tympanic organs at the base of the abdomen, but have them on the wings (see under Behaviour). Unlike other butterflies, however (except the unique case of the remarkable Australian skipper butterfly Euschemon rafflesia, whose males possess these structures), the single-spined frenulum and retinaculum are not lost or reduced in males, except in three Macrosoma species where there is no functional wing coupling system. The retinaculum is always lost in females, and the frenulum may be vestigial. The family have been fully catalogued and illustrated in an identification guide.
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When three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are deprived of food, they prefer to feed in locations with a high density of water fleas.Milinski, M. & Heller, R. (1978) Influence of a predator on the optimal foraging behaviour of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Nature 275: 642-644 The cost to this choice is that the sticklebacks must concentrate on picking out the prey due to the 'predator confusion effect' where many moving targets make it difficult for predators to pick out individual prey. This choice means that the sticklebacks are less able to scan for predators however the risk of starvation is relatively higher than the risk of predation.
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The body of the ninespine stickleback tapers to a very narrow caudal peduncle and the caudal fin is fan-shaped. The body is less deep and more elongated than that of the three-spined stickleback with a thinner and longer caudal peduncle, but the best way of distinguishing these two species is the number of spines in front of the dorsal fin which, for this species, varies from seven to twelve although nine is the commonest number. This species does not have scales but there is a group of small bony plates on the narrowest part of the caudal peduncle at the lateral line. The mouth points upwards in this species.
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Unusual brightly coloured crown-of-thorns starfish, Thailand The body form of the crown-of-thorns starfish is fundamentally the same as that of a typical starfish, with a central disk and radiating arms. Its special traits, however, include being disc-shaped, multiple-armed, flexible, prehensile, and heavily spined, and having a large ratio of stomach surface to body mass. Its prehensile ability arises from the two rows of numerous tube feet that extend to the tip of each arm. In being multiple-armed, it has lost the five-fold symmetry (pentamerism) typical of starfish, although it begins its life cycle with this symmetry.
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Devils appear in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008),Mearls, Mike, Stephen Schubert, and James Wyatt. Monster Manual (Wizards of the Coast, 2008) including the bearded devil (barbazu), the bone devil (osyluth), the chain devil (kyton), the ice devil (gelugon), the imp, legion devils (legion devil grunt, legion devil hellguard, legion devil veteran, and legion devil legionnaire), the pit fiend, the spined devil (spinagon), the succubus, and the war devil (malebranche). All devils now have the "Evil" alignment and speak Supernal. There were no changes to the line-up of the Lords of the Nine from Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells.
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The general shape of the tree is conical with tiered, horizontal branches that are often somewhat pendulous toward the tips. Cunninghamia bears softly spined, leathery, stiff, green to blue-green needle-like leaves that spiral around the stem with an upward arch; they are 2–7 cm long and 3–5 mm broad at the base, and bear two white or greenish-white stomatal bands underneath and sometimes also above. The foliage may turn bronze-tinted in very cold winter weather. The cones are small and inconspicuous at pollination in late winter, the pollen cones in clusters of 10–30 together, the female cones singly or 2–3 together.
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Eusarcana (meaning "true flesh") is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of Eusarcana have been discovered in deposits ranging in age from the Early Silurian to the Early Devonian. Classified as part of the family Carcinosomatidae, the genus contains three species, E. acrocephalus, E. obesus and E. scorpionis, from the Silurian-Devonian of Scotland, the Czech Republic and the United States respectively. Eusarcana is known for its odd proportions and features; the broad abdomen, thin and long tail, spined and forward-facing walking appendages and sharp and curved tail spike differentiate it from most other eurypterids, but are shared with other carcinosomatid eurypterids.
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The first description of the species, one of the earliest for any Australian fish, was in 1790 by John White in his Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales though some sources give George Shaw (who assisted White in the preparation of his manuscript) as the species authority. White originally named it the long- spined chaetodon (Chætodon armatus) and described it as follows: The species was reclassified by Lacépède into its own genus (named from "weapon" in Greek to again reflect the long spines), and was moved by Cuvier from Chaetodontidae into its own separate family within Percoidei.L. Agassiz. 1836. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles.
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A survey in 1982 found gudgeon, minnow and three-spined stickleback, which had increased by 1985, and over 10,000 coarse fish were released as part of a restocking programme. However, most of these were killed by serious pollution incidents that affected the river in 1987 and 1988, and incidents continued for a further three years. The sewage treatment works at Darton and Lundwood, on either side of Barnsley, were largely responsible. Discharges from the Darton sewage treatment works contained residues from dyes used by a local carpet manufacturer, which reached the works by a foul sewer, but could not be adequately treated by the existing processes.
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It is a tall biennial or short-lived monocarpic thistle, forming a rosette of leaves and a taproot up to 70 cm long in the first year, and a flowering stem 1–1.5 m tall in the second (rarely third or fourth) year. It sometimes will function as an annual, flowering in the first year. The stem is winged, with numerous longitudinal spine-tipped wings along its full length. The leaves are stoutly spined, grey-green, deeply lobed; the basal leaves up to 15–25 cm long, with smaller leaves on the upper part of the flower stem; the leaf lobes are spear-shaped (from which the English name derives).
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Reported prey include the larvae of Mexican bean beetle, European corn borer, diamondback moth, corn earworm, beet armyworm, fall armyworm, cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, Colorado potato beetle, velvetbean caterpillar, and flea beetles. When prey are scarce, the spined soldier bug may feed on plant juices, but this feeding is not reported to cause plant damage. Podisus maculiventris is associated with several crops including alfalfa, apples, asparagus, beans, celery, cotton, crucifers, cucurbits, eggplant, potatoes, onions, soybeans, sweet corn and tomatoes. The effectiveness of this species in preying on economic pests resulted in its use in classical biological control programs in other countries, including Eastern Europe and Russia.
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Similar to the humans of the odor- rating experiment, animals also choose mates based upon genetic compatibility as determined by evaluating the body odor of their potential mate(s). Some animals, such as mice, assess a mate's genetic compatibility based on their urine odor. In an experiment studying three-spined sticklebacks, researchers found that females prefer to mate with males that share a greater diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and in addition possess a MHC haplotype specific to fighting the common parasite Gyrodactylus salaris. Mates that have MHC genes different from one another will be superior when reproducing with regard to parasite resistance, body condition and reproductive success and survival.
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Lestinogomphus angustus (spined fairytail or common fairytail) is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found only in Africa, mostly in the eastern portion, as far north as Kenya where, along with Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda it is widespread, if not common; and all the way south to South Africa, and in several other countries between (Botswana, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Burundi). Its natural habitats are the freshwater streams and rivers in subtropical or tropical, gallery forestland, or similarly forested, freshwater oases within shrublands. It is threatened by riverine pollution and destruction of its habitat.
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The spined pygmy shark was one of many new species discovered during the course of the 1907–1910 Philippine Expedition of the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. It was described by American ichthyologists Hugh McCormick Smith and Lewis Radcliffe in a 1912 paper for the scientific journal Proceedings of the United States National Museum, based on two specimens collected in Batangas Bay, south of Luzon in the Philippines. One of these, a 15-cm-long adult male, was designated the type specimen. Smith and Radcliffe coined the new genus Squaliolus for this shark, and gave it the specific epithet laticaudus, from the Latin latus meaning "broad" or "wide", and cauda meaning "tail".
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In 1914, Friedrich Dahl provisionally united all these descriptions under G. westringi, noting that further research across the region was needed to clarify the status of different forms. In 1911, Embrik Strand briefly named a species, G. wogeonis, from Vokeo in the Schouten Islands (Papua New Guinea), writing that it was separable from G. westringi by shorter spines and smaller sigilla. Apparently based on this comment, Dahl also provisionally synonymized G. wogeonis with G. westringi, without specific comment. However, in 1915, Strand published a more detailed description and an illustration of G. wogeonis that depicted a small-spined, reddish-colored, less elongate form quite unlike any other description of taxa included by Dahl in G. westringi.
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The corals are still recovering from the collapse of the keystone grazer of algae, the long-spined sea urchin, which occurred in the 1980s and 90s and resulted in widespread coral die-offs across the Caribbean. The corals themselves are subject to black and white band diseases, damage from hurricanes, and bleaching and reduced calcification brought on by increased sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification associated with global warming. The reefs of Belize were subjected to the catastrophic global bleaching event of 1998. Persisting high sea surface temperatures that year, coupled with the devastation of Hurricane Mitch, resulted in a 50% loss of living corals in some locations along the barrier reef.
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Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) currently utilize the watershed. Historically, Corte Madera Creek watershed supported coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with recorded observations dating from 1926-1927, the 1960s, 1981, and the last sighting in 1984. The main non- salmonid fish species in the Corte Madera Creek Watershed include the three- spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), California roach (Lavinia symmetricus), several species of sculpin (Cottus spp.), and Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis occidentalis). The creek hosts many protected species in addition to steelhead trout, including at least 17 plants, northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), San Pablo song sparrow (Melospiza melodia samuelis), Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus) and black (Laterallus jamaicensis) rails, and the salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris).
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Fifteen species of dragonfly have been recorded; as well as supporting the only population of downy emerald in the Mendips, the site hosts the notable four-spotted chaser (Libellula quadrimaculata) and ruddy darter (Sympetrum sanguineum). Five British species of amphibian occur and there are good populations of great crested newt (Triturus cristatus), smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) and palmate newt (Triturus helveticus). Three species of reptile, viviparous lizard (Lacerta vivipara), adder (Vipera berus), grass snake (Natrix natrix), and at least two species of fish; European perch, (Perca fluviatilis) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are present. Breeding birds include moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), coot (Fulica atra), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) and sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus).
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The stiffness of the shaft is known as its spine, referring to how little the shaft bends when compressed, hence an arrow which bends less is said to have more spine. In order to strike consistently, a group of arrows must be similarly spined. "Center-shot" bows, in which the arrow passes through the central vertical axis of the bow riser, may obtain consistent results from arrows with a wide range of spines. However, most traditional bows are not center-shot and the arrow has to deflect around the handle in the archer's paradox; such bows tend to give most consistent results with a narrower range of arrow spine that allows the arrow to deflect correctly around the bow.
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Nicolet described G. flava as being closely allied to another species described at the same time, Gasteracantha spissa, which had the same number and shape of spines and was very similar. Subsequent authors refined Nicolet's species, and in a 1996 publication Herbert Levi wrote, "All Nicolet's species seem to belong in Phoroncidia (Theridiidae)." Levi transferred the 14-spined taxon spissa, described by Nicolet as very similar to G. flava, to the genus Phoroncidia, creating the new combination Phoroncidia spissa. However, Levi did not explicitly address G. flava, so it remains in Gasteracantha as of November 2019, though its purported sister species now belongs to Phoroncidia and no other Gasteracantha species has more than six spines.
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A Thracian footman (3rd century BC - 1st century BC) could wield a knife or sword, Rhomphaia, a helmet, two javelins and a light oval wooden shield (or a heavier iron-rimmed and spined thureos).The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001, , page 16 No Thracian infantry wore greaves until the 4th century BC. Later native and Greek types started being used, the Greek type being rarer. Thracians used mixed Thracian and Greek equipment and armors from different time periods, to the point of wearing armors that ceased to be used elsewhere; this is something they did even in the classic era. Later they adopted Roman armaments.
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600-year-old Japanese Torreya nucifera (Saiho-ji, Sasayama, Hyogo) It grows to 15–25 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The leaves are evergreen, needle-like, 2–3 cm long and 3 mm broad, with a sharply spined tip and two whitish stomatal bands on the underside; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie horizontally either side of the stem. It is subdioecious, with individual trees producing either mostly male or mostly female cones, but usually with at least some cones of the other sex present. The male cones are globular, 5–6 mm diameter, in a double row along the underside of a shoot.
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This parasite "has been recorded from practically every freshwater fish species within its natural range". Food and sport fish and other commercially important species parasitized include carp and minnows such as goldfish and koi, members of the sunfish family, and salmonids such as salmon and trout. Hosts include blue bream (Ballerus ballerus), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), northern pike (Esox lucius), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), ide (Leuciscus idus), abu mullet (Liza abu), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), common roach (Rutilus rutilus), common rudd (Scardinius erythropthalmus), wels catfish (Silurus glanis), zander (Sander lucioperca), tench (Tinca tinca), and Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus).Boxshall, G. and T. C. Walter. (2013).
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It is also worth noting that by this time the Szolnok Turkish Bridge was destroyed, so a new bridge was made across the Tisza, but connecting the two banks at the town itself, which meant the other side of the Zagyva, which in essence was the model for construction of all later bridges. At this time the walls around the city, the wooden-spined towers and the most of the city wall was destroyed, and the city's former moat filled in. The former moat is remembered today in the "Tófenék utca" ("Bottom-of-the-Lake Street") street name, which can be found in the center of Szolnok, where the northwest part of the moat used to lie. In 1697 Imre Thököly burned down the castle.
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European otter The river is a designated site of special scientific interest due to the fish that it supports.Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) accessed 10 April 2008 Of particular interest are the resident populations of spined loach (Cobitis taenia) and European bullhead (Cottus gobio) (two internationally notable species of native freshwater fish with a restricted distribution in England), white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) and European otters (Lutra lutra).Natural England - Restoring the River Mease The most numerous fish in the river are chub and roach; with dace, pike, perch and gudgeon also recorded. The river's wildlife is highly sensitive to pollution and fish numbers have fallen since 2007.
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Known examples of ecological speciation are three- spined stickleback fishes, distinct species of which emerged as the result of adaptation to different conditions along water depth clines in freshwater lakes. Ancestors of the genus Ilex (holly) became isolated from the remaining Ilex when the landmass broke up into Gondwana and Laurasia about 82 million years ago, resulting in a physical separation of the groups (allopatry) and beginning its adaptation to new conditions; over time survivor species of the holly genus adapted to different ecological niches. The invasive weed species Centaurea solstitialis is thought to be a case of ecological speciation—in less than 200 years, incipient reproductive isolation appeared as a result of adaptation to differences in ecological conditions between native and non- native ranges.
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Artist's impression of a pair of Acrocanthosaurus on the move Tall spined vertebrae from the Early Cretaceous of England were once considered to be very similar to those of Acrocanthosaurus, and in 1988 Gregory S. Paul named them as a second species of the genus, A. altispinax. These bones were originally assigned to Altispinax, an English theropod otherwise known only from teeth, and this assignment led to at least one author proposing that Altispinax itself was a synonym of Acrocanthosaurus. These vertebrae were later assigned to the new genus Becklespinax, separate from both Acrocanthosaurus and Altispinax. Most cladistic analyses including Acrocanthosaurus have found it to be a carcharodontosaurid, usually in a basal position relative to the African Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus from South America.
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The river is habitat for threatened species such as the unarmored three-spined stickleback, steelhead, southwestern pond turtle, and least Bell's vireo. In 2002, eight Southwest willow flycatchers hatched in the Hedrick Ranch Nature Area (HRNA), a preserve just east of Santa Paula managed by the Friends of Santa Clara River. The first SWFs to hatch on the river in recent times was at the Fillmore Fish Hatchery in 2000. The endemic, endangered Santa Ana sucker (Catostomus santaanae) lives in parts of the Santa Clara River system. Fisherman with catch of steelhead in lower Sespe Creek, by William A. Brown, winter, 1911 Historic documentation of an important recreational steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fishery occurs for the Santa Clara River into the mid 1900s.
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The river has had a chequered history with regard to its water quality and suffered from pollution, particularly in the 1960s, probably due to the rapid expansion of nearby Bracknell and inadequate sewage treatment by the works at Whitmoor Bog and Ryemead Lane, Winkfield. However, in recent decades things have improved and the river now contains a large population of small chub, along with some roach and gudgeon though it seems to have limited appeal to anglers. Other fish present are three-spined sticklebacks and stone loach, and the riparian fauna includes kingfisher, grey heron (especially around Warfield House lake), grey wagtail and mink. The river receives the treated discharges from at least three sewage treatment works, and has a number of weirs, which impede the movement of fish.
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Eggs are laid throughout the year, but there is a peak that enables the birds to make use of periods that food is plenty, such as between August and December in South Sudan and between March and May in eastern Africa. Three or four eggs are laid in a roofed nest, that is suspended from a thin branch an in ant-gall acacia (Acacia drepanolobium), or another spined and ant-housing acacia. The nest consists of grass straws, and during breeding and feeding the nestlings has one downward-facing opening. Eggs are approximately 19 mm long and 14 mm in diameter, greenish, bluish or white, unadorned or with fine black or olive colored specks, more dense at thick end, or so heavily blotched that the overall color seems olive-brown or ash-grey.
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Australia has the greatest number of percichthyid species, where they are represented by the Australian freshwater cods (Maccullochella spp.), which are Murray cod, Mary River cod, eastern freshwater cod, and trout cod, by the Australian freshwater blackfishes (Gadopsis spp.), which are river blackfish and two-spined blackfish, and by the Australian freshwater perches which are golden perch, Macquarie perch (Macquaria spp.), and Australian bass, and estuary perch (Percalates spp.). Several other Australian freshwater species also sit within the family Percichthyidae, while research using mitochondrial DNA suggests the species of the family Nannopercidae are in reality percichthyids, as well. Australia is unique in having a freshwater fish fauna dominated by percichthyids and allied families/species. This in contrast to Europe and Asia, whose fish faunas are dominated by members of the Cyprinidae carp family.
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Internal drainage boards in England have responsibilities associated with 398 Sites of Special Scientific Interest plus other designated environmental areas, in coordination with Natural England. Slow flowing drainage channels such as those managed by IDBs can form an important habitat for a diverse community of aquatic and emergent plants, invertebrates and higher organisms. IDB channels form one of the last refuges in the UK of the BAP registered spined loach (Cobitis Taenia), a small nocturnal bottom-feeding fish that have been recorded only in the lower parts of the Trent and Great Ouse catchments, and in some small rivers and drains in Lincolnshire and East Anglia.Spined Loach Species Action Plan All IDBs are currently engaging with their own individual biodiversity action plans which will further enhance their environmental role.
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Corte Madera Creek was historically an anadromous steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) spawning stream; however, access to the creek has been blocked since 1890 by Searsville Dam. Although steelhead can no longer run above Searsville Dam to spawn, stream resident coastal rainbow trout (O. m. irideus) populations live in upper Corte Madera Creek and its tributaries. In a 1996 biotic assessment of upper Searsville Lake and the lower floodplain of Corte Madera Creek, Stanford biologists wrote that the native species likely included steelhead/coastal rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus), sculpin, California roach (Hesperoleucas symmetricus), hitch (Lavinia exilcauda), speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis), Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), and perhaps three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), Sacramento pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus grandis), Sacramento blackfish (Orthodon microlepidontus), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
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Mammals found in the park include: the jaguar, the bicolored-spined porcupine, the puma, the tapeti, the giant otter, the red brocket, the tayra, the pacarana, the short- eared dog, the giant anteater, the green acouchi, the greater grison, the Amazon dwarf squirrel, the Amazon river dolphin, the emperor tamarin, the South American coati, the coppery titi, etc. About 520 bird species have been reported in the park including: the blue-headed macaw, Spix's guan, the bat falcon, the red-bellied macaw, the sunbittern, the spangled cotinga, the king vulture, the white-necked jacobin, Chapman's swift, the ocellated poorwill, the pygmy antwren, the white-throated toucan, the jabiru, the golden-tailed sapphire, the Amazon kingfisher, the harpy eagle, the red-necked woodpecker, the scarlet macaw, the Amazonian royal flycatcher, etc.
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As a consequence, there has been no effective check of the growth of seaweed on reef corals. However, the severe die-off of Elkhorn and Staghorn corals occurred before the die-off of the sea urchins, so that the proliferation of seaweed following the loss of the sea urchins was not the cause of the die-off of the corals, but may be retarding recovery by the corals.Large-scale surveys on the Florida Reef Tract indicate poor recovery of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum Accessed December 17, 2010 Precht and Miller:249 The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Florida Keys Accessed December 17, 2010 Another threat to the Florida Reef is the ongoing rise in sea level. The sea level has risen almost six inches (15 cm) at Key West since 1913, and one foot (30 cm) since 1850.
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More devils are detailed in the Manual of the Planes (2008): barbed devil (hamatula), brazen devil, pain devil (excruciarch), storm devil and Dispater, the Lord of Dis; The Plane Above: Secrets of the Astral Sea (2010): burning devil, indwelling devil, pillager devil and warder devil; and Monster Manual 3 (2010): corruption devil (paeliryon), hell knight (narzugon), hellwasp, passion devil, rage devil, slime devil, swarm devil and vizier devil; while Monster Vault (2010) revisited several devils originally printed in the Monster Manual – all of them except for the bearded devil, spined devil and war devil – and Monster Vault: Threats to the Nentir Vale (2011) only contained the tar devil. Various high-ranking devils, including Alloces and Geryon, have had published statistics in the Codex of Betrayal feature in Dungeon magazine; the only Lords of the Nine with published statistics as of July 2012 are Dispater and Glasya.
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They have three types of scales: a simple cone-shaped spine- tipped scale, known as a tubercle; a buckler, which is a multi-spined cone- shaped scale with the spines proceeding from the apex in a direct line down the scale; and a scale associated with the lateral line system. Ogcocephalus porrectus is covered mostly by bucklers, which afford it armor-like protection. The distinctive scale on the lateral line system has a hole in the cup-shaped bottom through which the spinal nerve reaches the neuromast and has prongs extending upwards allowing for sheaths of epidermis to cover and protect the neuromast. The lateral line system includes three series tracing the lips, cheeks, and eyes of the expanded head, and a series extending the length of the body beginning posterior to the eyes, down the dorsal disk to the base of the caudal fin.
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Other foliar-foraging predators that are present North American soybean fields that may play a role in suppression of soybean aphid populations include green lacewings (Chrysoperla spp.), brown lacewings (Hemerobius spp.), damsel bugs (Nabis spp.), big eyed bugs (Geocoris spp.), spined soldier bugs (Podisus maculiventris (Say)), hover flies (Syrphidae spp.), and the aphid midge (Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani)). Another group of predators that are present in soybean fields is ground beetles (Carabidae spp.); however, field experiments have shown limited to no impact from these predators on populations of soybean aphids due to the fact that ground beetles rarely scale soybean plants for prey. While parasitoids of the soybean aphid have a large impact on colonies in Asia—Lysiphlebia japonica (Ashmead) can have a soybean aphid parasitism rate as high as 52.6% in China—parasitoids are thought to exert only minimal pressure on soybean aphids in North America.
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Non-salmonid species in the watershed include the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata), and sculpin (Cottus spp.). Birds of special concern include the marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) and northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) because of their close association with old- growth and mature redwood forest, which has been heavily impacted by timber harvest since the late 19th century. Eighty-two mammal species are predicted to be found in the Noyo River watershed including several rodents, bats, and squirrels, beaver (Castor canadensis), black bear (Ursus americanus), ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus), American marten (Martes americana), fisher (Martes pennanti), weasels, American badger (Taxidea taxus), western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), mountain lion (Puma concolor), bobcat (Lynx rufus), seals and sea lions, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and elk (Cervus elaphus). However, recent surveys have found no fishers or martens.
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In 2006, the Pajaro River was designated as America's most endangered river by the American Rivers organization, "due to levees" constructed by the Army Corps of Engineers along its lower and severe runoff into the river from agricultural fields. Native California fish present in the lower Pajaro River are: three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus microcephalus), Sacramento perch (Archoplites interruptus), riffle sculpin (Cottus gulosus), Russian River tule perch (Hysterocarpus traskii traskii), South Central California Coast steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and thicktail chub (Siphatales crassicauda). Four species are listed as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) that are present or for which suitable habitat exists in or adjacent to the Pajaro River. Steelhead trout, the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii), the Northern tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi,), and the snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus), which nests at the Pajaro river mouth at Zumdowski State Beach at the Pacific Ocean.
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Sernett, Matthew, Dave Noonan, Ari Marmell, and Robert J. Schwalb. (Wizards of the Coast, 2006) Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells (2006) includes new content for devils and inhabitants of Baator, including the black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai, the amnizu, the assassin devil (dogai), the ayperobos swarm, the harvester devil (falxugon), the hellfire engine, the kalabon, the legion devil (merregon), the malebranche, the narzugon, the nupperibo, the orthon, the paeliryon, the pain devil (excruciarch), the pleasure devil (brachina), the spined devil (spinagon), the steel devil (bueroza), and the xerfilstyx. The book also contains statistics the aspects of the Lords of the Nine, including Bel, Lord of the First; Dispater, Lord of the Second; Mammon, Lord of the Third; Belial and Fierna, Lords of the Fourth; Levistus, Lord of the Fifth; Glasya, Lord of the Sixth; Baalzebul, Lord of the Seventh; Mephistopheles, Lord of the Eighth; and Asmodeus, Lord of the Ninth .Laws, Robin D., and Robert J. Schwalb.
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Eurasian crag martin (Ptyonoprogne rupestris), alpine accentor (Prunella collaris), common rock thrush (Monticola saxatilis), western rock nuthatch (Sitta neumayer), white-winged snowfinch (Montifringilla nivalis), red-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and others inhabit high mountain zone. Amphibians There are five amphibian species in the territory of the reserve: Eurasian marsh frog (Rana ridibunda), green toad (Bufo viridis), long-legged wood frog (Rana macrocnemis), tree frog (Hyla savignyi), Syrian spadefoot (Pelobates syriacus). The Syrian spadefoot (Pelobates syriacus) is registered in the Red Data Book of Armenia.Drawing of a brook trout from John Treadwell Nichols's Fishes of the Vicinity of New York City (1918) Fishes The reserve is inhabited by nine species of fish which are the: brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), Transcaucasian barb (Capoeta capoeta), Kura barbel (Barbus lacerta cyri), Kura bleak (Alburnus filippi), North Caucasian bleak (Alburnus alburnus hohenackeri), spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus), golden spined loach (Sabanejewia aurata), Angora loach (Nemacheilus angorae) and Barbatula barbatula caucasica.
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Corsican blue tits (Parus caeruleus) prophylactically line their nest with aromatic plants (such as Achillea ligustica, Helichrysum italicum and Lavandula stoechas) to ward off mosquitoes and other blood-sucking ornithophillous (bird-targeting) insects. According to Richard Dawkins's concept of the extended phenotype, human healthcare activities, such as vaccination (depicted here) could be seen as social immunity After the broader definition of social immunity by Cotter and Kilner, numerous examples of social immune behaviours within animal families can be given: túngara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus) create 'foam nests' during breeding in which embryogenesis occurs; these foam nests are imbued with ranaspumin proteins which provide defence against microbial attack and act as a detergent. The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), grass goby (Zosterisessor ophiocephalus), fringed darter (Etheostoma crossopterum) and two species of blenny also use chemical strategies to defend their eggs from microbes. Intriguingly, microbes themselves have been found to have social immune systems: when a population of Staphylococcus aureus is infected with gentamicin, some individuals (called small colony variants) begin to respire anaerobically, lowering the pH of the environment and thus conferring resistance to the antibiotic to all other individuals-including those S. aureus individuals who did not switch phenotype.
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