The soils tend to be nutrient poor. The plains are typically open savanna woodlands which contain the usual overstorey of trees and shrubs over kangaroo grass, but with annual and perennial sorghums.
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The whole of the forewing cell and the hindwing discal band are orange. Adults are on wing year round. Both sexes are attracted to flowers.Afrotropical Butterflies: Hesperiidae - Subfamily Hesperiinae Larvae feed on various grasses, but also on Gramineae species, including cultivated maize and sorghums.
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Cattle raising was the most important economic activity before and after statehood. Farming rose in importance after the 1890s. Despite the occurrence of the Dust Bowl these two sectors have recovered and prospered. By 1990, Texas County led the state in producing grain sorghums, with 4.2 million bushels, or one-quarter of the state's harvest, and was the state's fourth-largest wheat-producing county, harvesting 10.3 million bushels.
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Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops around the world, ranking fifth in production behind corn, rice, wheat, and barley.FAOSTAT. ProdSTAT. A significant proportion is grown in developing countries in tropical and subtropical regions, where it is a staple for both human and animal consumption, as opposed to in the United States where it is overwhelmingly used for animal feed.Kamala, V., et al. Sources of Resistance to Downy Mildew in Wild and Weedy Sorghums.
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Millet and sorghum grains were often used by farming communities in Darfur. This is because they were and still are staple crops, however, the risk of crop failure was always there, due to drought and pest. Therefore, alternative income possibilities were important, mostly for their livestock, but also for the other agricultural crops as well as gathering fruits, seeds and roots from plants. Studies have shown that about half of man’s labour and most of women's labour was taken up with millets and sorghums during difficult seasons.
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Pierson was offered the head of the Oklahoma Crop Improvement Association and served in that position for seven years. At the time, the main crop Pierson worked with was wheat, but he also worked with alfalfa, grain sorghums, and watermelons. Pierson and his department were responsible for the entire state of Oklahoma. In 1953, Pierson established Pierson Seed Company and through contract production became the nation's largest producer of certified okra seed. After his time in the commercial seed business, Pierson’s career took quite a different path.
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In 1982 he received his PhD from Ohio State, working with Edward S. Lipinsky, for research focused on the agronomics of sweet sorghums in Ohio and the economic viability of producing ethanol from the crop. In 1982, Kresovich was hired as a sorghum and sugar cane breeder at the Texas Agricultural Experimental Station near Weslaco, Texas. From 1987 to 1993 he worked as a supervisory geneticist at the USDA Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, New York. He was working at the USDA Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit in Griffin, Georgia in 1998 when he was hired by Cornell University, becoming the director of the Cornell Institute for Biotechnology and Life Science Technologies in 2000.
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A Bibliography of the Southwestern Corn Borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Authors: Morrison, W. P.; Mock, D. E.; Stone, J. D.; Whitworth, J. Source: Bulletin of the ESA, Volume 23, Number 3, 15 September 1977, Publisher: Entomological Society of America. pp. 185-190(6) Known host plants of D. grandiosella include sugarcane, forage and grain sorghums, broomcorn, and Johnsongrass, teosinte, and millet well as field corn, popcorn, and sweetcorn.A Bibliography of the Southwestern Corn Borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Authors: Morrison, W. P.; Mock, D. E.; Stone, J. D.; Whitworth, J. Source: Bulletin of the ESA, Volume 23, Number 3, 15 September 1977, Publisher: Entomological Society of America. pp. 185-190(6) It remains a serious agricultural pest of corn (maize).
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Male sterile sorghums (also referred to as A-lines) are especially susceptible to infection, as first recognized in the 1960s, and massive losses in seed yield have been noted. Infection is associated with cold night temperatures that are below 12 °C occurring two to three weeks before flowering. Sorghum ergot caused by Claviceps africana Frederickson, Mantle and De Milliano is widespread in all sorghum growing areas, whereas the species was formerly restricted to Africa and Asia where it was first recorded more than 90 years ago, it has been spreading rapidly and by the mid-1990s it reached Brazil, South Africa, and Australia. By 1997, the disease had spread to most South American countries and the Caribbean including Mexico, and by 1997 had reached Texas in the United States.
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