Click through to learn what soothsayers see in America's future.
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Through the 20th century, a sprawling market of urban soothsayers grew.
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Where climate professionals are restrained by uncertainty, other soothsayers step in.
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It just didn't look at all like the soothsayers thought it would.
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Soothsayers could poll the elites, and the elites did not like Caesar.
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But I suspect that naysayers have a way of sounding like soothsayers.
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Many Pakistanis attributed his resilience to the advice of healers and soothsayers.
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Indeed, the poor advice of soothsayers may chase Ms Park out of office.
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As predictions for 22014 are unveiled, it is worth assessing the soothsayers' records.
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These numbers are far higher than industry soothsayers would like us to believe.
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As the soothsayers taught us, when you resist change, you have nowhere else to go.
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In Virgil's telling of the ancient tale, soothsayers' warnings about "Greeks bearing gifts" went unheard.
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If you believe the geopolitical soothsayers, the US and China are headed for an economic confrontation.
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Soothsayers have predicted ill-fated storytelling revolutions before, leaving many an exquisite corpse in their wake.
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For what is now an annual tradition, we are once again attempting to be healthcare soothsayers.
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So, in the grand, once yearly tradition of speaking to these soothsayers, we rounded some experts up.
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However, despite all the soothsayers warning the public to stock up for armageddon, the public didn't take the bait.
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The existence of such an outfit is a reminder of how pervasive soothsayers and their like are in Asia.
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Soothsayers liken the poet-prince's quest to his desire to build his kingdom into a paragon of diversity and peace.
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And thanks to social media, you can find soothsayers of all stripes spouting wisdom on Twitter, Instagram, and, yes, YouTube.
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I thought of how black women are seen as calmers and soothsayers, answerers of all questions and bringers of all solutions.
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Those who were right will trumpet their prophetic insight and ascend as soothsayers; those who were wrong will simply keep quiet.
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That picture is a nod to the Red Comet, which predicts when dragons would return to the world, as prophesied by many soothsayers.
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Perhaps a Gresham's law of divination is at work, whereby the bad advice of soothsayers always chases out sounder counsel from more rational advisers.
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Since we haven't quite finished our psychic intuition training, we turned to three soothsayers of different disciplines to give us a look into the future.
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Andrew Eungi Kim, a professor at Korea University, says soothsayers hold an everyday relevance in South Korea that they do not have in the West.
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Economists who study employment have pushed back against recent predictions by Silicon Valley soothsayers like Elon Musk of an imminent tidal wave of algorithmic unemployment.
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At least one of the president's soothsayers has reportedly whispered in his ear that Cohen could flip when confronted with the prospect of jail time.
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When Trump pressured the president of Ukraine to investigate Joe Biden—leading House Democrats to, at long last, impeach him—the soothsayers came out again.
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Not even dear old Nostradamus himself could have had that one scrawled on a Post-It, but hey, even the greatest of soothsayers have off-days.
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Republicans win elections in swing districts by bringing into the fold of support Republicans who are now actively denigrated by the president and his team of soothsayers.
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As his soothsayers should have told him, the huge currency confiscation impoverished millions, leading, in 1988, to an uprising against the brutal junta and his eventual ouster.
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The viability of AR/VR as a platform is seeing major endorsements as many highly-trusted institutional investors back up tech soothsayers' rhetoric with cold, hard cash.
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Like soothsayers of the past (except using data and reasoning), data scientists read patterns and signs to forecast what companies could do for growth or to solve problems.
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Yet this is a fundamental misunderstanding of what an exercise like endorsement could potentially be, because it presupposes that they are soothsayers with the country's best interests in mind.
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It is natural to assume that such places must at least be broadly representative of the country as a whole, even if they are not necessarily populated entirely by soothsayers.
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I would guess that the publisher's forward-looking soothsayers saw something in Ghosts that raised alarm bells and then three subsequent Call of Duty games with a similarly futuristic setting.
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The tribe, known as the Nora, largely shun the technology of the "old ones," and hold a deep regard for mothers and mother figures who serve as governors, soothsayers, clerics, and judges.
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On Seoul's streets, soothsayers' tents are everywhere, with fortunes told through face-reading, palm-reading, tarot cards and saju—predictions based on the "four pillars": month, day, year and time of birth.
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Virtual reality soothsayers have approached the technology as though they are treading on sacred ground and ushering in not only a new era of spatial computing but a new level of consciousness.
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But even if the craze will soon blow over, no government has succeeded in taming rampant superstition in Thailand, where charm-peddling is a lucrative trade and even the royal family uses soothsayers.
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And a select few professions might even prosper from the turmoil and its divorce from the EU: lawyers, headhunters, tax consultants, relocation firms, budding trade negotiators and soothsayers could all be in demand.
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Recent events have not only repeatedly stumped the soothsayers of the news media but have also exceeded the capacities of a culture industry devoted to the wholesale manufacture of satire, spectacle and fantasy.
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AT A time of political crisis in South Korea, spare a thought for all the upstanding shamans, sorcerers, soothsayers, diviners, astrologers, numerologists, necromancers and fortune-tellers around Asia who risk being tarred by events.
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And it is a portal to a realm where soothsayers and seeresses and magiciennes emerge from the shadows to claim their place as creators: makers of illusions that help people see past their limits.
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The stocky mammals are celebrated as soothsayers that peer into the future when they emerge from their burrows, surveying the landscape for telltale shadows that signal Jack Frost's plans for the next six weeks.
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So they devoted an incredible amount of time to consulting soothsayers and priests about the gods, sort of the way some of us refresh Twitter, or refuse to go anywhere without checking Yelp first.
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Washington (CNN)Soothsayers were out in force at the Supreme Court on Monday, scrutinizing each move by the justices and hoping to better understand the future of the Roberts court, with its newly solidified conservative majority.
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China guarantees freedom of religion for major belief systems such as Buddhism, Christianity and Islam, but party members are meant to be atheists and are barred from what it calls superstitious practices, such as visits to soothsayers.
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Wall Street soothsayers, who viewed every Fed rate cut as a buying opportunity for stocks, are now busily assuring investors that the potential dramatic and protracted move higher in bond yields will be bullish for stocks as well.
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The question now is not what the Supreme Court soothsayers will tell us, but whether Chief Justice Roberts and his fellow conservatives uphold the integrity of the court, or use their new majority to deliver on Trump's promise.
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Even conservative elites began to despair: And the New York Times set hysteria into overdrive: Even the nerds are confused Tuesday morning, nearly all the pundits, forecasters and statistician soothsayers were predicting Clinton would win the election by a comfortable margin.
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Even after post-election animal spirits boosted the S&P 20173 to a near double-digit annual return in 2016, Wall Street's soothsayers — equity strategists — are the most bearish on equities for 2017 as they have been about a year since 2005.
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In less than 30 minutes of drive-time banter, Mr. Trump had utterly scrambled the narrative, dominating the next day's headlines, giving Mr. Farage and his fringe party much-needed oxygen and reminding analysts that nothing in this six-week campaign is likely to go as the soothsayers predict.
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Meanwhile, our version of soothsayers will have to figure out how to rejigger their own methods of prediction in time for the 2018 midterms or the 2020 presidential election—and in the meantime, it would be nice if someone could figure out which part of the sheep predicts Trump's behavior.
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At the Palazzo Contarini Polignac, a grand building near the Accademia that is hosting an exhibition of nominees for the Future Generation Art Prize, Ms. Cavusoglu is distributing her own newspaper, "Future Tense," whose articles on geopolitics, society and Turkey's recent constitutional referendum are written by astrologers, soothsayers and other prognosticators.
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Robert Bohr and Grant Reynolds, who are Mr. Hardy's partners and the resident wine soothsayers, have seen to it that cultists can rub elbows with the Agraparts, Raveneaus and Gajas, while the rest of us will still find a few bottles under $100 from some of the most expensive arable land on earth.
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These would-be soothsayers whisper insistently in the ears of talented young men: Do you want to play for the Mississauga Monarchs, perhaps the finest youth basketball program out here, or do you want to sign with a shoe company team that has a pipeline to coveted tournaments south of the border?
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In my extensive travels across the country the past few months – particularly to districts that are deemed "toss-up" seats by Washington soothsayers – I have been struck by how much Democratic voters seem to be zeroed in on what they will do once their party regains control of the House: Sunset the Expiring Provisions of the Patriot Act.
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Ms. Melling is a deputy legal director of the A.C.L.U. When the Supreme Court declined on Monday to hear cases brought by Louisiana and Kansas attempting to exclude Planned Parenthood and other abortion providers from their Medicaid programs, legal soothsayers were out in full force opining about what it means for the future of abortion rights under the newly constituted court.
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Two exhibitions in Yekaterinburg delivered the best commentary without actually referencing the revolution directly: Soothsayers of Oncoming: Russian avant-garde in the 1910s and 1920s, at the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts, focuses on a narrow period, and while it doesn't have any of the big pieces from major museums, its strength lies in showing many lesser known, previously unseen, pieces by Russian artists from Malevich to Lentulov to Exter to Goncharova across a range of styles.
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Russian methods of favomancy may still exist after the departure of the Ubykhs from the Caucasus in 1864, but the details are now lost of exactly how Ubykh soothsayers interpreted the patterns formed by the beans.Tsapina, O. 2002 Something Old, Something New: Continuity and Modernization in Eighteenth- Century Russia. Available from JHU. The Ubykh term for a favomancer (pxażayš’) simply means "bean-thrower", and it later became a synonym for all soothsayers and seers in general in that language.
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According to common Arabian belief, soothsayers, pre-Islamic philosophers, and poets were inspired by the jinn. However, jinn were also feared and thought to be responsible for causing various diseases and mental illnesses.
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Oppia (d. 483 BC), was a Vestal Virgin in ancient Rome. In 483 BC, following a series of portents, and advice from the soothsayers that the religious ceremonies were not being duly attended to, she was found guilty of a breach of chastity and immured.
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On this occasion farmers offer the first fruits of the corn at the monastery. A dance called the "Rhupla dance" is performed by two men in tiger costumes. Other forms of folk dances are also performed. Two soothsayers also visit the festival and give out oracles.
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Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi wrote Empire of Dreams, a poetry epic filled with witches, fortune tellers, psychics, and soothsayers who not only predict the future but read the past. Other modern poets who write on prophets or prophecy include Carl Dennis, Richard Wilbur, and Derek Walcott.
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Trabas but will have more information. Felix shares the "Sibunas" with that he has noticed, like Magnus has bribed the soothsayer. Through its information from the soothsayers inspired, Daniel will now start its investigations. Above all, it interested him where Magnus has a lot of money.
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Annie Jacobsen, "Surprise, Kill, Vanish: The Secret History of CIA Paramilitary Armies, Operators, and Assassins," (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2019), p. 111 Lansdale's saboteurs also poured sugar into the petrol tanks of Viet Minh vehicles. Soothsayers were bribed to predict disaster under communism, and prosperity for those who went south.
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Monuments and Maidens: the allegory of the female form. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. p. 329 As a seer, "Tiresias" was "a common title for soothsayers throughout Greek legendary history" (Graves 1960, 105.5). In Greek literature, Tiresias' pronouncements are always given in short maxims which are often cryptic (gnomic), but never wrong.
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Christianity was introduced in southern Madagascar beginning in the late 19th century, predominantly by Lutheran missionaries; this remains the predominant form of Christianity among the Tandroy, although most continue to adhere to traditional beliefs. Mpisoro soothsayers are a common feature of Tandroy village society and are a respected authority in traditional communities.
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Will Thomas (portrayed by Hunter Jones) is an orphan enslaved to the Soothsayers who escapes where he receives help from Jim Gordon. He is killed when Haven was blown up by a mind-controlled Riddler using an RPG. Will appears in a near-death hallucination that Jim has after he was wounded by Victor Zsasz.
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Deliberately, Camillus protracted the project until its abandonment. Camillus rendered himself controversial in not fulfilling his promise to dedicate a tenth of the plunder to Delphi for the god Apollo. The Roman soothsayers announced that the gods were displeased by this, so the Senate charged the citizens and the sought amounts of gold were retrieved.
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These so- called Dark Warriors succeeded in their quest, and restored harmony to the world. But their victory came too late to save the doomed civilization, whose culture was reduced to ruin, though their floating continent remained. On that continent, the circle of Gulgans, a race of blind soothsayers and fortune- tellers, predicted that these events will ultimately repeat.
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The Italian viceroy had hermits, soothsayers and travelling minstrels rounded up and executed. Convinced that the high clergy had known about the plot, he had many executed. In May 1937, he ordered 297 monks of the monastery of Debre Libanos and 23 other individuals suspected of complicity shot. Over 100 deacons and students were also executed.
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He re-instituted old observances and archaic language. Claudius was concerned with the spread of eastern mysteries within the city and searched for more Roman replacements. He emphasized the Eleusinian mysteries which had been practiced by so many during the Republic. He expelled foreign astrologers, and at the same time rehabilitated the old Roman soothsayers (known as haruspices) as a replacement.
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Scythian religion was a type of Pre-Zoroastrian Iranian religion and differed from the post-Zoroastrian Iranian thoughts. The Scythian belief was a more archaic stage than the Zoroastrian and Hindu systems. The use of cannabis to induce trance and divination by soothsayers was a characteristic of the Scythian belief system. Our most important literary source on Scythian religion is Herodotus.
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Constantine's advisers and generals cautioned against preemptive attack on Maxentius;Barnes, CE, 41; MacMullen, Constantine, 71. even his soothsayers recommended against it, stating that the sacrifices had produced unfavorable omens.Panegyrici Latini 12(9)2.5; Curran, 67. Constantine, with a spirit that left a deep impression on his followers, inspiring some to believe that he had some form of supernatural guidance,Curran, 67.
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Mongolian Shaman performing rituals, 3 March 2019. At Khovsogol lake worship, during the "Blue Pearl" event in Mongolia Mongolian classics, such as The Secret History of the Mongols, provide details about male and female shamans serving as exorcists, healers, rainmakers, oneiromancers, soothsayers, and officials. Shamanic practices continue in present-day Mongolian culture. The spiritual hierarchy in clan-based Mongolian society was complex.
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Nevertheless, persuaded by doctors, monks and soothsayers that he would live and become Byzantine emperor, he instigated a revolt in Cappadocia against his adversary Aetios, who had by then secured the post of strategos of the Anatolic Theme (the highest-ranked military position in the Byzantine Empire). However, even before news of the revolt, which was swiftly suppressed, reached the capital, Staurakios died on 3 June 800..
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As Fairchild explains: > Women played an important role in a region stretching from Manchuria, China, > Korea and Japan to the [Ryukyu Islands]. In Japan these women were priests, > soothsayers, magicians, prophets and shamans in the folk religion, and they > were the chief performers in organized Shintoism. These women were called > Miko, and the author calls the complex "Mikoism" for lack of a suitable > English word.Fairchild, 57.
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They were about to depart for Athens when an eclipse of the full moon moved the soothsayers to insist they remain for another nine days, just the time needed for the Syracusians to prepare a fleet to block the mouth of the harbor.Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 7.22–23. Events moved rapidly toward disaster for the Athenians. Attempting to break out of the harbor they were defeated in a naval battle.
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It is also > found in the Red Sea, but there it is darker in colour. The most prized is > found in the Gallic Gulf around the Stoechades Islands, in the Sicilian Gulf > around the Aeolian Islands, and around Drepanum. . . . Coral-berries are no > less valued by Indian men than specimen Indian pearls by Roman ladies. > Indian soothsayers and seers believe that coral is potent as a charm for > warding off dangers.
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Nimrod is mentioned by name in several places in the Baháʼí scriptures, including the Kitáb-i-Íqán, the primary theological work of the Baháʼí Faith. There it is said that Nimrod "dreamed a dream" which his soothsayers interpreted as signifying the birth of a new star in heaven. A herald is then said to have appeared in the land announcing "the coming of Abraham"."The Kitáb-i-Íqán" Baháʼí Reference Library.
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In the wake of Emperor Kinmei's dispatch of ambassadors to Baekje in 553, several Korean soothsayers, doctors, and calendrical scholars were sent to Japan.Kamstra, p. 60. The Baekje Buddhist priest and physician Gwalleuk came to Japan in 602, and, settling in the Genkōji temple(現光寺) where he played a notable role in establishing the Sanron school,Grayson, p. 37. instructed several court students in the Chinese mathematics of astronomy and calendrical science.
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GM's timing with this latest downsizing proved to be off the mark. Gasoline prices had dropped dramatically — below $1.00 per gallon in many parts of the U.S. — by the fall of 1985, against corporate soothsayers' predictions of $3.00 and up. As a result, many traditional domestic car buyers chose to "buy big" in 1986. Along with its shrunken sisters, the Eldorado and Riviera, the Toronado suffered a serious sales decline which would never be reversed.
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These attacks were predominantly anti-feminist in nature. When Louis still did not sever marital ties with Judith, Agobard claimed that Judith’s extramarital affairs were carried out "first secretly and later impudently". Paschasius Radbertus accused Judith by associating her with the engagement in debauchery and witchcraft. of filling the palace with "soothsayers... seers and mutes as well as dream interpreters and those who consult entrail, indeed all those skilled in malign craft".
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A story from the book From My People described the story of Moses and the task he went through to bring his people out of slavery. It described how "Hoodoo Lost his Hand", as Moses's mojo was hidden through his staff. When he turned it into a snake, the pharaoh made his soothsayers and magicians create the same effect. As a result, the Pharaoh's snake was killed by Moses's snake, and that is how Hoodoo lost his hand.
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She began as a prose writer. She became known for being a member of the Arbujad ("Soothsayers"), a small group of influential Estonian poets including Bernard Kangro, Uku Masing, Kersti Merilaas, Mart Raud, August Sang, Heiti Talvik and Paul Viiding. After the war her husband Heiti Talvik was imprisoned by the Soviets and died in Siberia. For two or three decades she was silent as a poet as protest of Soviet rule, but renewed activity in the 1960s.
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2 available at penelope. edu During the early Imperial era, soothsayers advised Pliny the Younger to restore an ancient, "old and narrow" temple to Ceres, at his rural property near Como. It contained an ancient wooden cult statue of the goddess, which he replaced. Though this was unofficial, private cult (sacra privata) its annual feast on the Ides of September, the same day as the Epulum Jovis, was attended by pilgrims from all over the region.
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It is said that the gods, angered over this cruel deed, made the ocean rush inland and flood the land. Soothsayers said that if a princess was sacrificed to the sea, the raging waves would stop. The young princess sacrificed herself for the sins of her father and for the safety of her motherland. She was placed inside a beautifully decorated boat which bore the letters Daughter of a King and set adrift on the sea.
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One night Rabiah had a dream that terrified him, he sent to all the soothsayers, magicians, drawers of omens from the flight of birds and astrologers to interpret his dream. He didn't tell them what was his dream saying that the person who will know the correct interpretation would be able to know the dream without recounting it. They couldn't tell him what was his dream so they advised him to call Shaq and Satih. Rabiah called Satih and Shaq.
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The earliest Latin writers used vates to denote prophets and soothsayers in general; the word fell into disuse in Latin until it was revived by Virgil.Vates Thus Ovid could describe himself as the ' of Eros (Amores 3.9). In pagan Rome the vates resided on the Vatican Hill, the Hill of the Vates. The Vatican Hill takes its name from the Latin word Vaticanus, a vaticiniis ferendis, in allusion to the oracles, or Vaticinia, which were anciently delivered on the Vatican Hill.
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Arexion the Seer is mentioned twice in The Anabasis, the first time being when the army is in Port Calpe in Asiatic Thrace. After Arexion’s sacrifice did not give good omens, the Greek army waited a day. Two sets of three sacrifices were made by Arexion and other soothsayers the following day with still no favorable results. Later Arexion is mentioned sacrificing before the battle with Spithridates and Rhathines from Pharnabazus, this time obtaining favorable omens with his first sacrifice.
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They had a "priestly caste" which passed their functions from father to son. They played a significant role in the court of the Median king Astyages who had in his court certain Medians as "advisers, dream interpreters, and soothsayers". Classical historians "unanimously" regarded the Magi as priests of the Zoroastrian faith. From the personal names of Medes as recorded by Assyrians (in 8th and 9th centuries BC) there are examples of the use of the Indo-Iranian word arta- (lit.
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Nezahualpilli (Nahuatl for "fasting prince"; 1464–1515, ) was ruler (tlatoani) of the Mesoamerican city-state of Texcoco, elected by the city's nobility after the death of his father, Nezahualcoyotl, in 1472. Like his father, he was a poet, was considered a sage, and had the reputation of being a fair ruler. Only one of his poems survives: "Icuic Nezahualpilli yc tlamato huexotzinco" ("Song of Nezahualpilli during the war with Huexotzinco"). His court was a haven for astronomers, engineers, and soothsayers.
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Of the maxim; > if you do not stabilize an act of te , you will get evil by it (instead of > good), the Master said, They (i.e. soothsayers) do not simply read the > omens. Confucius refers to a Yijing line interpretation of the Heng "Duration" Hexagram : "Nine in the third place means: He who does not give duration to his character meets with disgrace." In Waley's earlier article about the Yijing, he translated "If you do not stabilize your "virtue," Disgrace will overtake you", and quoted the Lunyu.
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In the story's worldline there exists a magical realm beneath the surface of all things—referred to as the Twilight (or Gloom in other translations). The action in the novel centers on a group of people referred to as the Others —human beings who tapped into the Twilight and gained supernormal abilities. The Others were the humans (shamans, soothsayers, and wisemen) from long ago who figured out how to step into the Twilight. However, the Others are different from humans, they are born as Others.
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A cartoon from The Bulletin (29 March 1890) showing Charles Egeson (faceless) and Henry Chamberlain Russell with the title "Weather Prophets" and caption "It was said in ancient times that two soothsayers could not meet without laughing outright. Here is depicted a meeting of the Prophet Egeson and Astronomer Russell." Charles Egeson (who possibly also went by the name of John Joseph George) first suggested 33 year cycles in Australian weather in 1889. Egeson was an assistant to Henry Chamberlain Russell in the Sydney Observatory.
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In an October 2010 state visit, Burmese State Peace and Development Council members greeted Thai PM Abhisit Vejjajiva in acheik patterned longyi typically worn by women. Various sources attributed this to yadaya practices. Yadaya (, ; from Sanskrit ; variously spelt yadayar and yedaya) refers to magical rituals done to delay, neutralize or prevent misfortune, widely practiced in Burma (Myanmar). These rituals, which originate from Brahmanism, are guided and prescribed by soothsayers and astrologers, who use a combination of mathematical equations and astrology to formulate a "prescription" to avert misfortune.
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In Bahrain, the Muslim Brotherhood ideology is speculated to be represented by the Al Eslah Society and its political wing, the Al-Menbar Islamic Society. Following parliamentary elections in 2002, Al Menbar became the largest joint party with eight seats in the forty-seat Chamber of Deputies. Prominent members of Al Menbar include Dr. Salah Abdulrahman, Dr. Salah Al Jowder, and outspoken MP Mohammed Khalid. The party has generally backed government-sponsored legislation on economic issues, but has sought a clampdown on pop concerts, sorcery and soothsayers.
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Since he was forbidden to visit his homeland, he performed religious penances prescribed by the priests of Benares (Varanasi) and was extravagant in distributing alms to Brahmins. He built temples, bathing ghats, performed endless poojas (religious prayers), underwent countless stringent fasts, fell at the feet of sadhus and soothsayers, etc., but the ghost wouldn't leave him. It stayed with him until the end, warning him that his line would end with his successor, his house would burn to ashes, and his clan would perish.
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He closed saying "this week was a hundred times better than that lame opening episode. Scarier aliens, stronger guest stars and a proper adult-friendly storyline involving sisterhoods and soothsayers." Scott Matthewman of The Stage said that Donna's insistence to change the past "formed the emotional backbone of this episode, producing some truly heartbreaking performances". He liked the joke about the TARDIS's translating the Doctor's and Donna's Latin phrases to Celtic, saying it was "subtly played throughout the episode [...] in a way that builds the joke without trampling it into the ground".
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Particularly Dia, Timbuktu, Agadez, Kano, Gao, Koumbi Saleh, Guidimaka, Salaga, Kong, Bussa, Bissa, Kankan, Jallon, Djenné as well as Bambouk, Bure, Lobi, and (to a lesser degree) Bono State goldfields and Borgu. They also were practicing Muslims with a clerical social class (Karamogo), Timbuktu Alumni political advisors, Sufi Mystic healers and individual leaders (Marabout). Living by a philosophy of merchantile pacifism called the Suwarian Tradition. Teaching peaceful coexistence with non-Muslims, reserving Jihad for self-defence only and even serving as Soothsayers or a "priesthood" of literate messengers for non-Muslim Chiefdoms/Kingdoms.
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His death is attributed by sources used by John Tzetzes to another mortification of the same nature: in this case, the two soothsayers, jealous of each other's fame, came to a different trial of their skill in divination. Calchas first asked his antagonist how many figs a neighboring tree bore; ten thousand and one, replied Mopsus. The figs were gathered, and his answer was found to be true. Mopsus now, to try his adversary, asked him how many young ones a certain pregnant sow would bring forth, and at what time.
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The small circle of poets became known as Arbujad ("Soothsayers") and included Heiti Talvik, Paul Viiding, Betti Alver, Uku Masing and Bernard Kangro Elic. A Short History of Estonian Literature: Literature in an independent Estonia: 1918–1940 That year, her anthology of poetry Maantee tuuled was published to much critical acclaim, particularly for its lyrical preoccupation with love and nature. Also in 1938 she joined the Estonian Writers Association. After the Soviet occupation and annexation of Estonia in 1944, Merilaas' work was viewed by authorities as disreputable and promoting "bourgeois nationalism".
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Prince Vasabha, born to a family of a clan named Lambakanna, spent his childhood in a village in the North of the country working for his uncle who was a general in the king's army. The ruler of the country at this time was Subharaja, who was informed by soothsayers that one named Vasabha would defeat him and become king. To avoid this, Subharaja ordered everyone in the country bearing that name to be killed. Vasabha's uncle tried to take him to the king under the pretext of taking him to join the king's service.
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King Sudhodana and his court The sculpture depicts a scene where three soothsayers are interpreting to King Suddhodana the dream of Queen Maya. Nagarjunakonda, 2nd-century Much of the information on Suddhodana comes from Buddhist legend and scripture. He is believed to be a leader of the Shakya clan, who lived within the state of Kosala, on the northern border of Ancient India. Although in Buddhist literature he is said to be a hereditary monarch, he is now believed to have been an elected head of a tribal confederacy.
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Battle of Constantine and Maxentius (detail-of-fresco-in-Vatican-Stanze) c. 1650 by Lazzaro Baldi after Giulio Romano, at the University of Edinburgh Constantine's advisers and generals cautioned against preemptive attack on Maxentius;Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 41; MacMullen, Constantine, 71. even his soothsayers recommended against it, stating that the sacrifices had produced unfavourable omens.Panegyrici Latini 12(9)2.5; Curran, 67. Constantine, with a spirit that left a deep impression on his followers, inspiring some to believe that he had some form of supernatural guidance,Curran, 67.
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The small circle of six poets became known as Arbujad ("Soothsayers") and included Heiti Talvik, Betti Alver, Uku Masing, Bernard Kangro, Kersti Merilaas, Mart Raud and August Sang.Elic. A Short History of Estonian Literature: Literature in an independent Estonia: 1918–1940 Viiding married Linda Laarmann and had four children: Reet, Anni, Mari and the youngest (and only son) Juhan Viiding would become an influential poet and actor in the 1970s. His granddaughter Elo Viiding would also become a notable poet in the 1990s. Paul Viiding died in Tallinn, Estonia in 1962.
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Jodelet holds from Nise, the maid he loves, love secrets of several suitors and their beauties and since "the language of a valet is worse than a trumpet", the secrets are soon disclosed. The unfortunate Nise is ruthlessly hunted by her mistress, but Jodelet has more than one trick in his bag and saves the day: he says he is an astrologer and claims to hold from the revelation of the stars everything Nise told him. The comedy becomes a delightful satire against astrologers and soothsayers who retailed their nonsense to Parisian onlookers.
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The Mangkunegaran Court reconciled this controversy by decreeing that Soeharto could indeed build an Astana (istana in bahasa Indonesia, or palace) but that it could not be any higher than a pre-existing royal tomb, the Astana Mangadeg, near where the Astana Giribangun was to be established. The Astana Mangadeg was considered to be in a location having special spiritual features by many of the dukuns, spiritualists and soothsayers who had supported Soeharto's kejawen (or kebatinan) practices of meditating and drawing charisma from shakti (magic).Astana Giribangun. Panduan Peziarah.
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Here she completed a postgraduate diploma and masters degree in public and community health at the University of Western Australia. She remained there for her doctoral studies, earning a doctoral degree in public health in 1996. As part of her doctoral research, she returned to Ghana, where she investigated why women did not attend antenatal clinics and what support they accessed as an alternative, particularly with co-morbidities of tropical diseases during pregnancy. She studied both the implementation of the safe motherhood initiative in antenatal health services and the practices of traditional healers and soothsayers.
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Cippus Perusinus, Etruscan writing near Perugia, Italy, the precursor of the Latin alphabet The sculpture depicts a scene where three soothsayers are interpreting to King Suddhodana the dream of Queen Maya, mother of Gautama Buddha. Below them is seated a scribe recording the interpretation. From Nagarjunakonda, 2nd century CE. A child learning the Brahmi Alphabet is also known from the 2nd century BC in Srughna. The Phoenician alphabet is simply the Proto-Canaanite alphabet as it was continued into the Iron Age (conventionally taken from a cut-off date of 1050 BC).
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The tree is known as kudapana (കുടപ്പന) in Malayalam, talo (, ତାଳ) in Odia, sreetalam (శ్రీతాళం) in Telugu and kudaipanai (குடைப்பனை) in Tamil, which means umbrella palm.Talipot palm in full bloom, FAO reports: tropical palms, palm products, palms with development potential The plant is known as tala (තලා) in Sri Lanka, by local Sinhalese people. In Cambodia, the palm is known as tréang (it was also known by the French name latanier), and as noted above was extensively used in the past to write religious manunscripts. In recent times the leaf media has been used by traditional healers and soothsayers.
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Chinese wu "shaman" occurs over 300 times in the Chinese classics, which generally date from the late Zhou and early Han periods (6th-1st centuries BCE). The following examples are categorized by the common specializations of wu-shamans: > men and women possessed by spirits or gods, and consequently acting as seers > and soothsayers, exorcists and physicians; invokers or conjurers bringing > down gods at sacrifices, and performing other sacerdotal functions, > occasionally indulging also in imprecation, and in sorcery with the help of > spirits. A single text can describe many roles for wu-shamans. For instance, the Guoyu idealizes their origins in a Golden Age.
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The Ijoko stream came to existence when a woman who is barren and had lost hope on ever having a child approached Moses Orimolade. The woman according to soothsayers and herbalists would only have a child if she's ever opportuned to visit Israel's Jordan River to take a bath as the only child she's destined to have has been kept there by evil forces. Moses Orimolade then walked down the Valley of Ijoko and prayed to God. He stuck his staff into the ground and commanded that the Jordan River in Israel establishes itself in the Ijoko area because of the woman.
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Two of the cast members of "The Fires of Pompeii" were later cast in starring roles for Doctor Who. Karen Gillan returned in the fifth series to play Amy Pond, full-time companion of Matt Smith's Eleventh Doctor. Casting director Andy Pryor suggested her to new executive producer Steven Moffat based on her performance in this episode as one of the soothsayers. Peter Capaldi was cast as the Twelfth Doctor in 2013, and made his first appearance in the 2013 Christmas special "The Time of the Doctor" (with an uncredited cameo appearance in the anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor").
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Valérian and Laureline are ordered to Syrte-the-Magnificent, capital of the Empire of a Thousand Planets to investigate whether the empire is a potential threat to Galaxity, the capital of Earth in the 28th century. Exploring the markets, Valérian buys Laureline an old gold watch which she hangs around her neck. Attracted by a gathering, they discover that one of the Authorities, the strange masked soothsayers who, it is said are the real power on Syrte, is holding a consultation. Suddenly, in the middle of the session, the Authority notices the watch around Laureline's neck.
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In September 1991, Premadasa faced an impeachment in parliament led by his two formidable rivals in the UNP, Lalith Athulathmudali and Gamini Dissanayake. He defeated it by adjourning Parliament and the Speaker Mohamed dismissed the impeachment stating a lack of signatures after several of the parliamentarians who supported it withdrew their support after facing threats. He then expelled Athulathmudali and Dissanayake from the party, who then joined to form the Democratic United National Front (DUNF). In 1992, he changed the country's name in English from Sri to Shri Lanka on the advice of soothsayers, who predicted it would improve the country's fortunes.
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Pagan priests, too, were interested in suppressing any threat to traditional religion.Davies, 92. The Christian Arnobius, writing during Diocletian's reign, attributes financial concerns to provisioners of pagan services: > The augurs, the dream interpreters, the soothsayers, the prophets, and the > priestlings, ever vain...fearing that their own arts be brought to nought, > and that they may extort but scanty contributions from the devotees, now few > and infrequent, cry aloud, 'The gods are neglected, and in the temples there > is now a very thin attendance. Former ceremonies are exposed to derision, > and the time-honoured rites of institutions once sacred have sunk before the > superstitions of new religions.
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Maxentius of course had consulted soothsayers before battle, as was customary practice, and it can be assumed that they reported favourable omens, especially as the day of battle would be his dies imperii, the day of his accession to the throne (which was 28 October 306). What else may have motivated him, is open to speculation. The armies of Maxentius and Constantine met north of the city, some distance outside the walls, beyond the Tiber river on the Via Flaminia. Christian tradition, especially Lactantius and Eusebius of Caesarea, claims that Constantine fought under the labarum in that battle, revealed to him in a dream.
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Suwarians articulate an ideological level, without straying from orthodoxy, the peculiarities of the situation in which Muslims found themselves in the period following the collapse of imperial Mali. Described by author Nehemia Levtzion as "accommodationist Islam", it created a praxis to enable Muslims to function within essentially non-Muslim societies, accommodating their interests to those of the wider society while at the same time combating erosion of their distinctive Muslim identity.N. Levtzion, Eighteenth Century Renewal & Reform in Islam, Syracuse University Press, 1987, p. 21. Since their form of Islam was capable of accommodating traditional cults, the dyula often served as priests, soothsayers and counselors at the courts of animist rulers.
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The two histories describe more than twenty successful divinations conducted by professional soothsayers for royal families between 671 BC and 487 BC. The method of divination is not explained, and none of the stories employ predetermined commentaries, patterns, or interpretations. Only the hexagrams and line statements are used. By the 4th century BC, the authority of the Zhou yi was also cited for rhetorical purposes, without relation to any stated divination. The Zuo zhuan does not contain records of private individuals, but Qin dynasty records found at Shuihudi show that the hexagrams were privately consulted to answer questions such as business, health, children, and determining lucky days.
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Tadj ol-Molouk was the main emotional support to her son, cultivating a belief in him that destiny had chosen him for great things, as the soothsayers she consulted had explained her dreams as proving just precisely that.Milani, Abbas. The Shah, London: Macmillan, 2011, p. 23. Mohammad Reza grew up surrounded by women, as the main influences on him were his mother, his older sister Shams and his twin sister Ashraf, leading the American psychologist Marvin Zonis to conclude it was "from women, and apparently from women alone" that the future Shah "received whatever psychological nourishment he was able to get as a child".
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During the Gallic Wars of 58–51 BCE, the Roman army, led by Julius Caesar, conquered the many tribal chiefdoms of Gaul, and annexed it as a part of the Roman Republic. According to accounts produced in the following centuries, the new rulers of Roman Gaul subsequently introduced measures to wipe out the druids from that country. According to Pliny the Elder, writing in the 70s CE, it was the emperor Tiberius (who ruled from 14–37 CE), who introduced laws banning not only druid practices, and other native soothsayers and healers, a move which Pliny applauded, believing that it would end human sacrifice in Gaul.Pliny XXX.13.
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The historian Jacques Gernet stresses that these servants and favorites hosted by rich families represented the more fortunate members of the lower class. Other laborers and workers such as water-carriers, navvies, peddlers, physiognomists, and soothsayers "lived for the most part from hand to mouth." The entertainment business in the covered bazaars in the marketplace and at the entrances of bridges also provided a lowly means of occupation for storytellers, puppeteers, jugglers, acrobats, tightrope walkers, exhibitors of wild animals, and old soldiers who flaunted their strength by lifting heavy beams, iron weights, and stones for show. These people found the best and most competitive work during annual festivals.Gernet, 94–95.
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Theodor-Peter and Asen built a "house of prayer" dedicated to the saint and gathered Bulgarian and Vlach prophets and prophetesses. At the brothers' instruction, the soothsayers announced "in their ravings" that God had consented to the uprising against the Byzantines, and Saint Demetrius would abandon Thessaloniki and "come over to them to be their helper and assistant" during the forthcoming rebellion. This "professional work of manipulation" was effective: all who were present willingly joined the brothers' movement. Niketas Choniates, who recorded these events, did not name the venue of the gathering, but Tarnovo is the most probable place according to modern scholars' views.
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In the pre-colonial past, dukun were exempt from paying taxes, as with Hindu priests and Buddhist monks. Many highly prominent and highly educated Indonesians, Malaysians and Singaporeans, even those with Western doctorate and masters levels degrees will still consult dukun or soothsayers. Indonesians who are known to have employed dukun include former President Sukarno, former president Suharto, former president Megawati Sukarnoputri, Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX and Sultan Hamengkubuwana X and many more. Dukun are most common on the island of Java, though the island of Madura is especially feared for being very powerful practitioners of dark magic, and Bali is well regarded for its dukun.
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The Thai search for winning lottery numbers is insatiable and bewildering to outsiders. Thais often pick numbers derived from news events or oddities they observe: the number of bananas on a stalk or the appearance of a two-headed fish, cats with strange markings, or the pattern a snake leaves in the dirt. Various websites and soothsayers help interpret these events, with rats viewed as a one, water a two, snakes a five (large) or six (small) and anything related to royalty a nine. Many Thais believe that calamity can beget good fortune, and that tragedy may give rise to powerful ghosts who offer guidance on winning numbers.
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However, God believes he has provided sufficient cures in executing an exorcism, therefore exorcists should not have to rely on methods involving shirk. Additionally, individuals seeking exorcism should avoid magicians or soothsayers because these magical practices go against Islamic Law. Sunni scholars have pointed some conditions from the Quran and Hadith, which includes performing exorcism using the words of Allah or his names, reciting in Arabic or in language which can be understood by the people, not using any talismans or amulets or fortune-tellers or any magic, nor asking jinn to help. Scholars have difference of opinion whether talismans using the Quran is permissible or not.
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It is said that the cord must remain connected to the astral and the physical bodies during the projection because if it breaks, the projector will die. If a person gets older or if their death is near, the astral body slowly separates itself from the physical body and the silver cord breaks, making a complete and irreversible separation of the two bodies. In this situation, the idea of death and dying is interpreted as a "permanent astral projection" that cannot be undone. Theosophical writings also interpret the words of some prophets and soothsayers in ancient times as descriptions of seeing the silver cord during their out-of-body experiences.
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The Bedouin were introduced to Meccan ritualistic practices as they frequented settled towns of the Hejaz during the four months of the "holy truce", the first three of which were devoted to religious observance, while the fourth was set aside for trade. Alan Jones infers from Bedouin poetry that the gods, even Allah, were less important to the Bedouins than Fate. They seem to have had little trust in rituals and pilgrimages as means of propitiating Fate, but had recourse to divination and soothsayers (kahins). The Bedouins regarded some trees, wells, caves and stones as sacred objects, either as fetishes or as means of reaching a deity.
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In time Lon Nol's regime became completely dependent upon large quantities of American aid that towards the end were not backed by the political and military resolve needed to effectively help the beleaguered republic.David P. Chandler, A history of Cambodia, Westview Press; Allen & Unwin, Boulder, Sydney, 1992 By 1975, the government was eventually reduced to holding little more than Phnom Penh and the Preah Vihear Temple in the northern border with Thailand. The FANK was quickly running out of ammunition. Lon Nol was increasingly dependent on the advice of soothsayers and Buddhist mystics: at one point during a Khmer Rouge assault on Phnom Penh, he sprinkled a circular line of consecrated sand in order to defend the city.
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Tages, as it is recorded in the works > of the Etrurians (Libri Etruscorum), possessed the visage of a child, but > the prudence of a sage. When the ploughman was surprised at seeing him, and > in his astonishment made a great outcry, a number of people assembled around > him, and before long all the Etrurians came together at the spot. Tages then > discoursed in the presence of an immense crowd, who noted his speech and > committed it to writing. The information they derived from this Tages was > the foundation of the science of the soothsayers (haruspicinae disciplina), > and was subsequently improved by the accession of many new facts, all of > which confirmed the same principles.
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Juhan Viiding was born on 1 June 1948 in Tallinn to Linda and Paul Viiding. His father Paul was also a well-known poet in Estonia who had belonged to the influential Arbujad (Soothsayers) - a collective group of eight young influential poets who rose to prominence before the outbreak of World War II. Juhan was the youngest of four children and the only boy—his older sisters were Reet, Anni and Mari. He was an intellectually precocious and restless youngster. Between the years 1968 and 1972, Viiding studied theatre and stagecraft at the Tallinn Conservatory (now the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre), under instruction of actor and theatre pedagogue Voldemar Panso, graduating in 1972.
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In his book The Prophets, Abraham Joshua Heschel describes the unique aspect of the Jewish prophets as compared to other similar figures. Whereas other nations have soothsayers and diviners who attempt to discover the will of their gods, according to Heschel the Hebrew prophets are characterized by their experience of what he calls theotropism—God turning towards humanity. Heschel argues for the view of Hebrew prophets as receivers of the "Divine Pathos", of the wrath and sorrow of God over his nation that has forsaken him. In this view, prophets do not speak for God so much as they remind their audience of God's voice for the voiceless, the poor and oppressed.
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However, this practice contradicted the Roman law that no person might be buried within the city. To solve this problem, the Romans buried the offending priestess with a nominal quantity of food and other provisions, not to prolong her punishment, but so that the Vestal would not technically be buried in the city, but instead descend into a "habitable room". The actual manner of the procession to Campus Sceleratus has been described like this: Cases of unchastity and its punishment were rare. In 483 BC, following a series of portents, and advice from the soothsayers that the religious ceremonies were not being duly attended to, the vestal virgin Oppia was found guilty of a breach of chastity and punished.
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Vilicus () was a servant who had the superintendence of the villa rustica, and of all the business of the farm, except the cattle, which were under the care of the magister pecoris. The duties of the vilicus were to follow the estate owner's instructions, and to govern the slaves with moderation, never to leave the villa except to go to market, to have no intercourse with soothsayers, to take care of the cattle and the implements of husbandry, and to manage all the operations of the farm villa. His duties and those of his wife (the vilica) are described by Columella (Res rustica, I.8, XI.1, and XII.1), and by Cato (De Agri Cultura, cxlii–cxliii, focusing on the vilica).
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More Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends and Traditions. University Press of the Pacific.. The story begins with the journey of four mystical figures, identified as “wizards or soothsayers,” from “the land of Moaulanuiakea (Tahiti)... to Hawaii long before the reign of King Kakuhihewa.” Their names were Kapaemahu, who was the leader, Kinohi, Kahaloa and Kapuni. After touring the islands of Hawaii, they settled at Ulukou in Waikiki. According to the moolelo, the visitors were “unsexed by nature, and their habits coincided with their feminine appearance although manly in stature and bearing,” indicating that they were mahu – a Polynesian term for third gender individuals who are neither male nor female but a mixture of both in mind, heart and spiritDvorak, Greg, Delihna Ehmes, Evile Feleti, Tēvita ʻŌ.
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On the 17th of March 1230, Gerard convened a council at Bremen, where the abbots and higher clergy of the archbishopric were to try the Stedingers for their refusal to obey feudal law, for rioting, sacrilege, and murder, and for allegedly worshipping images of wax, seeking counsel from soothsayers, and consorting with evil spirits. Having found the peasants guilty, the council decreed an interdict and the excommunication of all those who opposed the archbishop's decrees; the church doors were nailed shut and the priests left the territory. The archbishop himself went to Rome to persuade Pope Gregory IX to call for a crusade against the Stedingers. He succeeded in this and Dominican friars were dispatched throughout northern Germany to preach the crusade, for which the pope promised the same spiritual rewards as for the crusades in the Holy Land.
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Two of Muhammad ibn Ali's sons, as-Saffah and al-Mansur, would eventually establish the Abbasid Caliphate. Describing similarities between Mukhtar and Abbasid revolutionary Abu Muslim Khorasani, who recruited both Arabs and mawali in his army and treated them as equals, Wellhausen writes: "If the doctrine of Raj'a is correct, then the Arab of Khutarnia [Mukhtar] came to life again in the Maula [mawlā] of Khutarnia [Abu Muslim]." Many Muslims hold Mukhtar a liar who claimed prophethood and consider him an enemy of the Alids, who used their name to gain power, and executed Husayn's killers to consolidate his support among pro-Alids. According to Wellhausen, although he did not explicitly call himself a prophet, the allegations took root because of his boasting and excessive claims, which he made in the rhymed prose style of ancient Arabian soothsayers.
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In the last two of the five versions of "Promenade" from Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky, is mixed irregularly with other metres: (4th Promenade) , , and , with a single bar at the end; (5th Promenade) four pairs of regularly alternating and , then an irregular mixture of , , and to the end. Symphonic and choral works containing occasional septuple bars include the conjuration of soothsayers in L'enfance du Christ, Op. 25 (1854) by Hector Berlioz, which "has a relatively extended passage of septuple metre (ten bars of , then three of and three of ; the pattern repeats with four each of and )", and the Dante Symphony by Franz Liszt, which has several bars in . In operetta, parts of "Here's a man of jollity" in Gilbert and Sullivan's The Yeomen of the Guard (1888) is in , notated as alternating bars of and . The rest is in a mixture of and .
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In addition to the portrayals of the three tragic heroes, the film offers performances by supporting cast members, in particular Om Puri and Naseeruddin Shah. The two open the film in their roles as black comic relief corrupt police inspectors-cum-astrologers, predict the fall of Abba Ji—who has them on his payroll—and the rise and fall of Maqbool. Contrary to the original play, the corrupt cops are not just passive soothsayers. In an effort to sustain what they refer to as "balancing forces," they are also actively involved in shaping events, like aiding in providing information to Abba Ji's enforcers to wipe out a rival gang, using subtle nuances in coercing Maqbool to shift loyalties, deliberately botching an "encounter" attempt on Riyaz Boti (Macduff) and subsequently setting up an alliance between a rival politician (the incumbent one was backed by Abba Ji) and a fleeing Guddu (Fleance) and Riyaz Boti against Maqbool.
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The Survival of Etruscan. p. 77 An episode where lightning struck an inscription with the name Caesar, turning it into Aesar, was interpreted to have been a premonition of the deification of Caesar because of the resemblance to Etruscan , meaning "gods", although this indicates knowledge of a single word and not the language. Centuries later and long after Etruscan is thought to have died out, Ammianus Marcellinus reports that Julian the Apostate, the last pagan Emperor, apparently had Etruscan soothsayers accompany him on his military campaigns with books on war, lightning and celestial events, but the language of these books is unknown. According to Zosimus, when Rome was faced with destruction by Alaric in 408 AD, the protection of nearby Etruscan towns was attributed to Etruscan pagan priests who claimed to have summoned a raging thunderstorm, and they offered their services "in the ancestral manner" to Rome as well, but the devout Christians of Rome refused the offer, preferring death to help by pagans.
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Socrates deduces from this observation that Ion has no real skill, but is like a soothsayer or prophet in being divinely possessed: "For not by art do they utter these things, but by divine influence; since, if they had fully learned by art to speak on one kind of theme, they would know how to speak on all. And for this reason God takes away the mind of these men and uses them as his ministers, just as he does soothsayers and godly seers, in order that we who hear them may know that it is not they who utter these words of great price, when they are out of their wits, but that it is God himself who speaks and addresses us through them." (534b–d) Socrates offers the metaphor of a magnet to explain how the rhapsode transmits the poet's original inspiration from the muse to the audience. He says that the god speaks first to the poet, then gives the rhapsode his skill, and thus, gods communicate to the people.
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He then considered the 23 great-great-grandsons of Emperor Xuan—all of whom were infants or toddlers. While the examination process was proceeding, the mayor of South Chang'an submitted a rock with a mysterious red writing on it -- "Wang Mang, the Duke of Anhan, should be emperor." (During his regency, Wang, building a personality cult about himself, had made it an open secret that he encouraged the manufacturing of false prophecies that would call for him to have more and more power; this appears to be one of those instances.) Wang had his political allies force his aunt, Grand Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, to issue an edict granting him the title of "Acting Emperor" (假皇帝), with the commission to rule as emperor until a great-great- grandson of Emperor Xuan could be selected and raised. In the spring of 6 CE, Acting Emperor Wang selected Ying, then just one year old, as the designated successor to Emperor Ping, claiming that soothsayers told him that Ying was the candidate most favoured by the gods.
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Each sin's punishment in Inferno is a contrapasso, a symbolic instance of poetic justice; for example, in Canto XX, fortune-tellers and soothsayers must walk with their heads on backwards, unable to see what is ahead, because that was what they had tried to do in life: Allegorically, the Inferno represents the Christian soul seeing sin for what it really is, and the three beasts represent three types of sin: the self-indulgent, the violent, and the malicious.Dorothy L. Sayers, Purgatory, notes on p. 75. These three types of sin also provide the three main divisions of Dante's Hell: Upper Hell, outside the city of Dis, for the four sins of indulgence (lust, gluttony, avarice, anger); Circle 7 for the sins of violence; and Circles 8 and 9 for the sins of fraud and treachery. Added to these are two unlike categories that are specifically spiritual: Limbo, in Circle 1, contains the virtuous pagans who were not sinful but were ignorant of Christ, and Circle 6 contains the heretics who contradicted the doctrine and confused the spirit of Christ.
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After the establishment of the Republic of Estonia, professionalism and diversity in literature were followed by the emergence of literary institutions. The Estonian Writers Union was founded in 1922; the literary monthly Looming (Creation) first appeared in 1923 and is still the main periodical of its sort in Estonia. The Cultural Endowment Fund started work in 1925 and is the major provider of grants in the arts in the present- day Republic of Estonia. The prevailing tendency in prose writing between the two World Wars was realism. The most prominent writer of the era is Anton Hansen Tammsaare (1878–1940). His five volume epic novel Tõde ja Õigus (Truth and Justice, 1926–1933) is considered one of the major works of Estonian literature. Other prominent prose writers were August Mälk (1900–1987), Karl Ristikivi (1912–1977). August Gailit, the incurable romantic, appeared on the literary scene along with the Siuru group. The Arbujad ("Soothsayers") was a small but influential group of poets who began collaborating in 1938 at the behest of poet and author Ants Oras (1900–1982) and included: Betti Alver (1906–1989), Uku Masing (1909–1985), Mart Raud (1903–1980), Kersti Merilaas (1913–1986), Bernard Kangro (1910–1994), Heiti Talvik (1904–1947), August Sang (1914–1969) and Paul Viiding (1904–1962).
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