Without it, we'd still have an unabashed slaveholder on the bills.
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William Macomb was the largest slaveholder in Detroit in the late 1700s.
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The former slaveholder is no longer free to own another human being.
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The structure overlooks the statue of Princeton President John Witherspoon, a slaveholder.
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Robert E. Lee, the commander of the Confederate States Army and a slaveholder.
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Black people were violent, not the slaveholder, not the lyncher, not the cop.
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John Tyler was a slaveholder who sided with the Confederacy in the Civil War.
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Key wasn't just a slaveholder himself; his family also owned a plantation in Maryland.
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Jefferson was also a slaveholder, who had an, erm, complicated relationship with the institution of slavery.
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Slate: Trump wishes a slaveholder could've come in and resolved the whole civil war thing before it started.
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Yes, he was ruthless in removing native Americans from some states and yes, he was an unapologetic slaveholder.
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Last spring, Harvard Law School agreed to redesign its insignia, which had been modeled on a slaveholder family crest.
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Franklin, like many other founding fathers, was once a slaveholder himself before he became involved in the abolitionist movement.
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I quoted in my piece Thomas Jefferson, who, brilliant man, like a brilliant genteel man — But a slaveholder, too.
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When Thomas Jefferson—a slaveholder and bigot—was elected in the US, he sought to isolate Louverture economically and diplomatically.
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Despite his protestations of mercy, Loring entered a judgment in favor of the slaveholder, as he believed the law required.
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Remove the slaveholder Washington from our maps, replacing him with Wampanoag, and replace Jefferson, who slept with Sally Hemings — consensual?
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He was a slaveholder, and, worse than that, he was responsible for the death of thousands and thousands of Native Americans.
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All you have to know is that Calhoun was a slaveholder—a man making his wealth from keeping other people in shackles.
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In 1845, Daniel Walls, a North Carolina slaveholder, died, leaving his slaves and plantation to his wife, Jane, and their four children.
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The ACS was attacked by abolitionists who saw it as a slaveholder scheme, but in 28503, it established Liberia as its first colony.
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Then came the 1845 annexation of Texas, where American immigrants to what was then Mexico's state of Coahuila y Tejas had staged their slaveholder rebellion.
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That paradox — promises of equality in the face of stark inequalities, epitomized by a Southern slaveholder, Thomas Jefferson — is at the heart of our nation's heritage.
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When every descendent of slave and slaveholder alike has their constitutional right to counsel, then maybe we use some of the leftover cash for statue removal.
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Despite his own status as a wealthy slaveholder, Thomas Jefferson was wary of extreme disparities of wealth and thought it was incompatible with republican political ideals.
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But it can also be a harrowing read, knowing what fate had in store for its author, and contemplating the peculiar existence of a black slaveholder.
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In 1849, a white Louisiana slaveholder and preacher, William King, freed his slaves and journeyed with them to Ontario, where he bought hundreds of acres of land.
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Progressives deplored the South's "massive resistance" to federal desegregation efforts; they viewed Jefferson as a flawed slaveholder and states' rights as the enemy of liberty and equality.
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William Johnson's status as a free man of color, as one of Natchez's more respected and successful businessmen and as a slaveholder are remarkable, but not unique.
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" But Lee also was a slaveholder, and in the same letter he wrote, "The painful discipline they (blacks) are undergoing is necessary for their instruction as a race.
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Washington was not perfect: He freed his slaves in his will but had been a lifelong slaveholder; and while he decried partisanship, he himself became a fierce Federalist.
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In its proposal, Google also invoked the name of American abolitionist Harriet Tubman, who was recently selected to replace slaveholder and noted asshole Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill.
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Although an angry Kentucky slaveholder called the Union Army a "negro freeing machine," it was the slaves fleeing in ever increasing numbers to the Union lines who furthered emancipation.
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In Detroit and across the country, slaveholder names plastered about commemorate a social order in which elite white people exerted inexorable power over black and indigenous bodies and lives.
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He has higher praise for a traitor and slaveholder, Robert E. Lee — "a great general" — than for the states working under a hostile administration without seceding from the union.
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Facing the same fate, she makes a desperate bid for freedom, fleeing from slaveholder Gideon Brodess (Joe Alwyn) and enduring a perilous 100-mile journey that eventually brings her to Philadelphia.
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How did a statue of Jefferson Davis — slaveholder and Senator from Mississippi, leader of the Confederate government when it presided in Montgomery and Richmond — end up in a town in Tennessee?
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I ask him about the possibility of removing the statue of President Andrew Jackson—a slaveholder who also presided over the Trail of Tears—in the middle of the French Quarter.
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VM: Even though Harriet Tubman, a former enslaved person, is replacing a former slaveholder, do you think it's contradictory to put a former slave, who was once physical capital, on money?
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A slaveholder might have been offended by a slave's demand for freedom (and to be called by a respectful title), but that in no way vitiates the legitimacy of the claim. Ha!
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The university's president, James Carnahan, a onetime slaveholder, published a letter denying that the attacker was a Princeton student or that any actual violence had occurred, and blaming Wright for the disturbance.
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Boston Grapples With Faneuil Hall, Named for a Slaveholder In a city that has long wrestled with issues of race, activists want Peter Faneuil's name removed from the popular Colonial-era landmark.
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Any person of color found in violation of these lantern laws was sentenced to a public flogging of up to 40 lashes, the actual number left to the discretion of the slaveholder.
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Its location on the National Mall is only steps away from a monument dedicated to slaveholder president Andrew Jackson – fitting, as the museum addresses the complex relationship between the United States and African-Americans.
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How to resolve, after all, Jefferson's role establishing the self-evident truth that all men are created equal and his status as a slaveholder who fathered children by a teenager he held in servitude?
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A refresher before we continue: The Civil War was about slavery; many, many people have asked and argued about why the Civil War happened; Jackson, a slaveholder, was extremely unlikely to have solved the crisis.
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The emblem was modeled on the coat of arms of the family of Isaac Royall, who media reports said was the son of an Antiguan slaveholder and endower of the first law professorship at Harvard.
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"Andrew Jackson had a history of tremendous success for the country," Trump said, without mentioning the reasons why many celebrated Jackson being removed from the bill—that he was a slaveholder who engineered a genocide.
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I recently served on a committee that resolved to remove the seal of Harvard Law School, which honored a slaveholder, a fact that only became widely known recently when it was publicized by student activists.
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Photograph by David A. Land / OTTO Then, a few years ago, Land read "His Excellency," Joseph J. Ellis's biography of Washington, and reflected further on the fact that the nation's first President was a slaveholder.
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The first is essentially a spy yarn involving a Virginia slaveholder and Confederate agent named Miss Ford, who manages to insinuate herself into the Lincoln White House and then fall in love with the President.
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Will they believe a white slaveholder was, in some small part — because he did not kill her during that pivotal scene — the reason why the legendary hero was successful in helping others to freedom later?
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In an early scene that shows the dangers of attempted escape, Harriet is surrounded on a bridge by men led by Gideon Brodess, the slaveholder Harriet was forced to care for when they were children.
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In 2016, the Obama administration announced plans to put Tubman's likeness on the front of the $20 bill, effectively pushing Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States and a slaveholder, to the back.
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Whereas the 11 people brought to life by Ashley Bryan were held in bondage by a little-known slaveholder, the five individuals profiled in "In the Shadow of Liberty" were all the "property" of American presidents.
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That Thomas Jefferson was also a slaveholder should remind us that the story of human progress is hardly the magnificent, linear journey toward the promised land of peace and justice that we often believe it to be.
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Earlier in March, the prestigious university decided to drop the 80-year-old coat of arms of its law school, because it featured the family crest of a slaveholder who was an early donor to the institution.
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Above all, the Virginia slaveholder James Madison — the most influential delegate at the convention — insisted that while direct popular election of the president was the "fittest" system, it would hurt the South, whose population included nonvoting slaves.
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In 2015, students campaigned to remove the school's official seal, which featured the family crest of Isaac Royall Jr., a slaveholder who burned slaves alive at the stake and whose endowment founded Harvard Law School in 1817.
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"From what I know of the effect of these holidays upon the slave, I believe them to be among the most effective means in the hands of the slaveholder in keeping down the spirit of insurrection," wrote Douglas.
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Established by a white former slaveholder from Alabama who married an emancipated slave, the chapel and two family cemeteries were founded after Nathaniel Jackson, Matilda Hicks, and 11 other freed slaves fled Alabama's Fugitive Slave Act in the 1850s.
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For a moment, her legacy seemed bound to be honored in an undeniable way: a portrait on the front of the $443 bill, pushing the image of Andrew Jackson, the seventh U.S. president and a slaveholder, to the background.
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In 214, Howard Zinn, a historian, noted that conventional references to Jackson as "frontiersman, soldier, democrat, man of the people" painted a rather sanitised picture of a man who was also "slaveholder, land speculator, executioner of dissident soldiers, exterminator of Indians".
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Despite George Washington's ambivalence as a slaveholder, the people he claimed as his property were still subject to a crude and brutal utility: His dentures were constructed out of a combination of ivory and nine teeth yanked from their mouths.
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Harriet Tubman – the 203th century abolitionist and suffragist who led dozens of slaves through the Underground Railroad to free states – is about to become the new face of the $220 bill, replacing slaveholder Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States.
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Harriet Tubman – the 19th century abolitionist and suffragist who led dozens of slaves through the Underground Railroad to free states – is about to become the new face of the $20 bill, replacing slaveholder Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States.
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If his amendment goes through, it would quash the plan to replace Andrew Jackson, the seventh US president and a slaveholder, with Tubman, a black woman born into slavery who led dozens of former slaves to free states through the Underground Railroad.
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A Maryland slaveholder named Edward Gorsuch had been killed by a group of free and fugitive African-Americans in Christiana as he and a posse, including a federal marshal, tried to capture three young men who had escaped from the Gorsuch farm.
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One well-documented example is the fact that African-Americans are still, on average, prescribed less medication for pain—an echo of an old slaveholder claim that black people had less sensitive nerve endings than whites and could thus better withstand beatings.
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The Trump administration inherited the 2000 decision by Mnuchin's Democratic predecessor Jack Lew to swap out President Andrew Jackson, a slaveholder often lionized by President Donald Trump, for Tubman, a onetime slave known for her work freeing her fellow African-Americans from bondage.
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Other museum displays will focus on Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a slaveholder in West Africa who was captured and enslaved on a Maryland tobacco plantation and later became a prominent abolitionist in Britain; and Benjamin Banneker, a free black farmer in Maryland who became an astronomer, surveyor and almanac publisher.
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Leaning on the logic of slaveholder religion — which, as the historian H. Shelton Smith showed, justified human bondage by arguing that white control of society was in keeping with God's design — religious conservatives rallied the faithful for moral resistance to the "unnatural" expansion of 14th Amendment protections to women and minorities.
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But the selection of Franklin, who was once a slaveholder himself, was derided by many students, particularly after it became clear that he was chosen in deference to a suggestion by Charles B. Johnson, a businessman who donated $250 million for the new buildings — the largest gift in the school's history.
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The daughter of a profligate entrepreneur from New Jersey and a well-to-do Mississippi woman, Varina was shipped off at age 17 from her home in Natchez to a plantation called the Hurricane, ruled by the tyrannical slaveholder Joseph Davis, whose gloomy brother Jefferson she married the next year.
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There is no mention that Washington was a slaveholder, for example, and he lists all the children of each president but leaves out Jefferson's children with his slave Sally Hemings (one of whom, James Madison Hemings, is the subject of a picture book coming out this fall, intended for even younger readers).
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The granddaughter of an enslaved woman and the descendant of a prominent slaveholder in North Carolina, she had recently helped organize the historic March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, and she was serving on President Kennedy's Commission on the Status of Women at the behest of Eleanor Roosevelt, her friend and mentor.
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In a speech, he acknowledged Jackson's record as a slaveholder but paid tribute to the "political transformation" he had brought to American democracy, bringing power to the people while emphasizing the indivisibility of the Union, a stance Johnson contrasted with the states' rights ideology of another Southerner, the secessionist John C. Calhoun.
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As Yale continues to debate the legacy of John C. Calhoun, an alumnus and leading 19th-century politician and slaveholder for whom one of its residential colleges is named, the university said on Tuesday that it would not press charges in the case of a black dining hall worker who smashed a stained-glass panel depicting slaves carrying cotton.
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David Reynolds: Andrew Jackson would have defended slavery's expansion, Mr. President Andrew Jackson, a Tennessee slaveholder who sent thousands of Native Americans to the West on the Trail of Tears, refused to take a moral position on slavery expansion, which in the 1850s led to plans for a U. S.-controlled slave empire to include Cuba and parts of Central and South America.
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I watched it and loved every second, understanding that Hamilton, Lafayette, Mulligan, and Laurens did not run around New York City as the equivalents of D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers, that Angelica Schuyler was a married woman when Alexander and Eliza were married, that Jefferson was not the only slaveholder on that stage, and that Hamilton was not an ardent abolitionist or one who championed immigrants.
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He was a slaveholder himself. Stringfellow is buried in the Stevensburg churchyard.
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He was a slaveholder, with child slaves registered in the county courthouse.
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The Association produced a number of pamphlets and tracts, and published a journal entitled Non-Slaveholder from 1846 to 1854.
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During his political career, Calhoun gained a reputation as a great rhetorician and intellectual. In addition to his advocacy of states' rights, Calhoun was a proponent of slaveholder rights and believed that slavery was justified by white supremacy. Inheriting his father's farm, Calhoun remained a slaveholder his entire life and profited from the cotton trade.
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John William Reid (June 14, 1821 - November 22, 1881) was a lawyer, soldier, one-time slaveholder and U.S. Representative from Missouri.
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Walter Berry was the speaker of Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1780 to 1784. Berry was a slaveholder during the colonial era.
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Elisha Worthington was an American planter and large slaveholder in the Antebellum South. He was the owner of the Sunnyside Plantation in Chicot County, Arkansas.
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In 2012, Vanderbilt University named Elliston Hall for Elizabeth Boddie Elliston. In a 2017 article, USA Today questioned their decision to honor a slaveholder on their campus.
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1788 Amendment The 1780 Act had allowed a non-resident slaveholder visiting Pennsylvania to hold slaves in the state for up to six months. But a loophole was soon identified and exploited: if the non-resident slaveholder took his slaves out of Pennsylvania before the 6-month deadline, it would void his slaves' residency. The 1788 Amendment prohibited this rotation of slaves in and out-of-state to subvert Pennsylvania law.
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As the historian James Oliver Horton noted, prominent slaveholder politicians and the commodity crops of the South had a strong influence on United States politics and economy. Horton said, > in the 72 years between the election of George Washington and the election > of Abraham Lincoln, 50 of those years [had] a slaveholder as president of > the United States, and, for that whole period of time, there was never a > person elected to a second term who was not a slaveholder. The power of Southern states in Congress lasted until the Civil War, affecting national policies, legislation, and appointments."Interview: James Oliver Horton: Exhibit Reveals History of Slavery in New York City", PBS Newshour, January 25, 2007.
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Jones v. Van Zandt, 46 U.S. (5 How.) 215 (1847), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision involving the constitutionality of slavery. John Van Zandt was an abolitionist who aided the Underground Railroad resistance movement in Ohio after having been a slaveholder in Kentucky. Sued for monetary damages by a slaveholder whose escaped slaves he aided, abolitionists used Van Zandt's Supreme Court appeal as a vehicle to reach the underlying constitutional question.
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Richard Montgomery Gano (June 17, 1830 – March 27, 1913) was a physician, Protestant minister, slaveholder and brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War.
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But it also protected the property rights of Pennsylvania slaveholders--if a slaveholder failed to register his slaves, they would be confiscated and freed; but if a slaveholder complied with the state law and registered them every year, they would remain enslaved for life. Every _future_ child of an enslaved mother would be born free, but the child was required to work as an indentured servant to the mother's master until age 28. A slaveholder from another state could reside in Pennsylvania with his personal slaves for up to six months, but if those slaves were held in Pennsylvania beyond that deadline, the law gave them the power to free themselves."Pennsylvania's Gradual Abolition Act (1780)" , President's House of Philadelphia, US History.
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They further stated that in 30 years, no slaveholder had applied to be a missionary. They said missionaries traveled without servants, so no slaveholder could take slaves with him. Lastly, they said that they would "never be a party to any arrangement which would imply approbation of slavery." Dissatisfied with the decision, added to other sectional tensions, Baptists of nine Southern states split from the General (Triennial) Convention and in 1845 formed the Southern Baptist Convention.
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Joseph Brevard Kershaw (January 5, 1822 – April 13, 1894) was a prominent South Carolina planter and slaveholder. He was also a lawyer, judge, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War.
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The only known possible image of John Van Zandt is a drawing of John Van Trompe from Uncle Tom's Cabin, believed based on Van Zandt. John Van Zandt (died 1847) was an abolitionist who aided the Underground Railroad resistance movement in Ohio after having been a slaveholder in Kentucky. Sued for monetary damages by a slaveholder whose escaped slaves he aided, he was a party to Jones v. Van Zandt (1847), a case by which abolitionists intended to challenge the constitutionality of slavery.
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Augustine Washington Sr. (November 12, 1694 – April 12, 1743) was the father of the first U.S. President, George Washington. He belonged to the Colony of Virginia's landed gentry and was a planter and slaveholder.
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In the process, Dessalines became arguably the most successful military commander in the struggle against Napoleonic France.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of REvolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), p. 182.
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Accounting of the debt is often dishonest. Children may be kidnapped and held captive if the slaveholder believes the family likely to flee. The debt is frequently passed on from one generation to the next.
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Anthony Burns was an escaped slave from Virginia who came to Boston and became a member of Grimes's church in 1854. When Burns's former slaveholder discovered where Burns was living, he ordered his arrest. Grimes led a fierce effort to free Burns from jail, but the trial commenced, and the judge, in accordance with the Fugitive Slave Act, ruled that Burns was still property of his slaveholder. Grimes was able to raise enough funds to purchase Burns's freedom, and Burns was freed from his life of servitude.
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The novel was adapted as a TV film which aired on the Disney Channel starring Carl Lumbly as John, Beau Bridges as the slaveholder, and introducing Allison Jones as Sarny. It was directed by Charles Burnett.
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Yet another paternal uncle, Henry Johnson, became a large landowner and slaveholder in Mississippi. Henry's daughter and Johnson's cousin, Margaret Johnson Erwin Dudley, became the owner of the Mount Holly plantation on Lake Washington in Mississippi.
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Forsyth was appointed as Secretary of State in reward for his efforts. He led the pro- removal reply to Theodore Frelinghuysen about the Indian Removal Act of 1830. He supported slavery and was a slaveholder himself.
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However, he was hesitant to discuss the slavery issue being a slaveholder himself.U.S. Congress. Addresses on the Death of Hon. James A. Pearce: Delivered in the Senate and House of Representatives, on Tuesday, January 13, 1863.
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James Stephenson (March 20, 1764 - August 7, 1833) was an American politician, soldier and slaveholder who as a Federalist served in the Virginia House of Delegates as well as in the United States House of Representatives.
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Joseph Travis Rosser (J. Travis Rosser, J. Traverse Rosser) was an American politician. From Mankato, Minnesota, Rosser served as the Secretary of the Minnesota Territory from 1853 to 1857. Rosser was from Virginia, a lawyer, and slaveholder.
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He denounced the Nashville Convention, opposed the secessionists in Georgia, and helped to frame the famous Georgia platform (1850). His position and that of Southern Unionists during the decade 1850–1860 was pragmatic; he thought secession was impractical. Toombs supported expansion of slavery into the territories of California and New Mexico. He objected to abolition of slavery in Washington, D.C. He took the view that the territories were the common property of all the people of the United States and that Congress must ensure equal treatment of both slaveholder and non-slaveholder.
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An Amendment, created to explain and to close loopholes in the 1780 Act, was passed in the Pennsylvania legislature on 29 March 1788. The Amendment prohibited a Pennsylvania slaveholder from transporting a pregnant enslaved woman out-of-state so her child would be born enslaved; and from separating husbands from wives, and children from parents. It required a Pennsylvania slaveholder to register within six months the birth of a child to an enslaved mother. It prohibited all Pennsylvanians from participating in, building or equipping ships for, or providing material support to the slave trade.
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Francis Ernest Dumas (1837 – March 26, 1901) was a wealthy plantation owner and slaveholder of Louisiana. He was of African American and creole heritage and served as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
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Bourland appointed Col. William Young, also a major slaveholder, to appoint a jury. He formed a "Citizens Court" of 12 jurors (seven were slaveholders) in Gainesville, the county seat. This "court" had no legal status in Texas law.
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The government also prosecuted an alleged slaveholder using the lesser charge of child exploitation, and on 16 January 2011, a court convicted her and prescribed a jail sentence. In March, however, the Nouakchott Court of Appeals acquitted her.
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He also became a large cotton planter and slaveholder. Adams married Lucy Helen Everett. Their daughter Catherine Everett Keller was the mother of Helen Keller.Lash, Joseph P. Helen and Teacher: The Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy.
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Margaret Johnson was born on March 4, 1821. Her father, Captain Henry Johnson, was a large landowner and slaveholder in Washington County, Mississippi. Her mother was Elizabeth Julia Flournoy. Her paternal grandfather, Robert Johnson, was a Kentucky pioneer and surveyor.
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Branch at one time owned over of land and was a slaveholder. On 15 August 1838, Branch married Annie Cleveland Wharton, an adopted child of William Harris Wharton. Together they had five children. He was a Mason and a Methodist.
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Slave women were required mainly as concubines and domestic workers. A Muslim slaveholder was entitled by law to the sexual enjoyment of his slave women. While free women might own male slaves, they had no such right.Lewis 1990, page 14.
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After graduating, Tayloe took on management as a planter and slaveholder at property in Maryland. He also became involved in raising thoroughbred horses for racing. His horses sometimes competed against those of President Andrew Jackson. Tayloe raced his horses himself.
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Historian Leonard Richards concludes, "It was men like Hammond who finally destroyed the Slave Power. Thanks to their leading the South out of the Union, seventy-two years of slaveholder domination came to an end."Richards (2000) pp. 214–15.
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Colonel George Augustine Washington (1815 - December 4, 1892) was an American tobacco planter, slaveholder, company director and politician. He was "one of the world's largest tobacco growers" by 1860, and served in the Tennessee General Assembly in the 1870s. The Wessyngton Plantation house.
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Chartered in 1964, Lamar Elementary opened with grades one through six in 1965. Lamar Middle/High School opened in 1970. The school's name pays tribute to Confederate statesman, slaveholder, and white supremacist L.Q.C. Lamar. The school was established in 1964 as a segregation academy.
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Tayloe, reflecting on his time as a slaveholder, mentions Winney's name for the last time in 1868 saying, "Winney Grimshaw could fill a volume with interesting events, if [she] could write." Neither Grimshaw nor any of her children are listed on the 1870 US census.
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The judge ordered them freed because of a problem with the arrest warrant. When the agent for the slaveholder requested a new warrant, a group of spectators rioted in the courtroom and rescued Small and Bates.Vrabel (2004), pp. 131-132Different historians describe the rioters differently.
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He denounced the federal cotton tax as robbery, and defended separate schools for both races in Mississippi. Although a former slaveholder, he characterized slavery as "a cancer upon the body of the Nation" and expressed his gratitude for its end.Congressional Globe, 42 Cong., 2 Sess.
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First page of Michael Shiner's Diary, p.1. 1813.Library of Congress. Militia officer, Lloyd Pumphrey was related to slaveholder William Pumphrey, who first placed Shiner at the navy yard. Thomas Howard was an officer in the District of Columbia militia and "clerk of the yard" In 1828 Howard purchased Shiner for $250.00 as "term slave" from William Pumphrey's estate. Shiner was born into slavery in 1805 and grew up near Piscataway, Maryland, working on a farm called "Poor Man's Industry" that belonged to slaveholder William Pumphrey Jr. Pumphrey brought young Shiner into the District of Columbia about 1813 to serve as a servant at his Grant Row lodgings.
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Still, he sought to remain close to his children through letters.Leahy, p. 340. Tyler was a slaveholder, at one point keeping forty slaves at Greenway. Although he regarded slavery as an evil, and did not attempt to justify it, he never freed any of his slaves.
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Andrew H. Hunter (March 22, 1804 – November 21, 1888) was a Virginia lawyer, slaveholder and politician who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly. He was the Commonwealth's attorney (prosecutor) for Jefferson County, Virginia, who prosecuted John Brown for the raid on Harpers Ferry.
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Gibson was born in 1832 at "Spring Hill", Versailles, Kentucky,Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. . p. 254. the son of Tobias Gibson, a planter and slaveholder. His mother was from a slaveholding family in Lexington, Kentucky.
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Bissette was a merchant and a slaveholder early in his career, but became radicalized by his own arrest and sentencing for rights advocacy, a controversy that became known as l'affaire Bissette.Johnson, The Fear of French Negroes, pp. 162–163. Bissette died in Paris on 22 January 1858.
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"The Strange Case of Paul D. Peacher, Twentieth-Century Slaveholder." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 52:4 (Winter 1993): 426-451. "McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Co.: The Masquerading Doctor, the 'Greatest Treason,' and After-Acquired Evidence in Employment Discrimination Suits." Arkansas Law Review 49:3 (1996): 625-660.
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In 1846, Gamble was elected to the Missouri Supreme Court by the Whig Party, the first justice from this party. He was quickly elected as chief justice, on a rotating term. Though a slaveholder, he dissented in the Missouri Supreme Court decision of the Dred Scott v. Emerson case.
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William Lowther Jackson Jr. (February 3, 1825 – March 26, 1890) was an Virginia lawyer, Democratic politician, slaveholder and jurist who became the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia prior to the American Civil War, and later fought in the Confederate States Army, rising from his initial rank of private to General.
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The party was announced in November 1839 and first gathered in Warsaw, New York. Its first national convention took place in Arcade, New York, on April 1, 1840. The Liberty Party nominated James G. Birney, a Kentuckian and former slaveholder, for President in 1840Willey 1886, p. 131. and 1844.
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In 1748, McIntosh moved to Charleston, South Carolina, where he took a position as a clerk for Henry Laurens, a wealthy merchant and slaveholder. Laurens became a lifelong friend and mentor. In 1756 McIntosh married Sarah Threadcraft. He soon returned with her to Georgia, where he studied surveying.
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In 1767, Tucker died. His estate was settled by 1770. Although he was a large slaveholder, only some of his slaves were inherited by his wife and son. After his death, and during the American Revolutionary War, Lord Dunmore established a camp at Tuckers Point in May 1776.
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Dr. William J. Barber, II in Moral Mondays and the Poor People's Campaign: A National Call for Moral Revival and is co- author of The Third Reconstruction: Moral Mondays, Fusion Politics, and the Rise of a New Justice Movement (Beacon Press). After the 2016 election, Wilson-Hartgrove began teaching about the legacy of slaveholder religion in American Christianity and published Reconstructing the Gospel: Finding Freedom from Slaveholder Religion (InterVarsity Press). In 2020 he published Revolution of Values (InterVarsity Press), a book that explores how the religious right taught Americans to misread the Bible as an endorsement of Christian nationalism and invites people of faith to re-read Scripture from the perspective of the poor and marginalized whom Jesus blessed.
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Joshua John Ward, of Georgetown County, South Carolina, was the largest American slaveholder,The Sixteen Largest American Slaveholders from 1860 Slave Census Schedules , Transcribed by Tom Blake, April to July 2001, (updated October, 2001 and December 2004 – now includes 19 holders) dubbed "the king of the rice planters"."Boundaries and Opportunities: Comparing Slave Family Formation in the Antebellum South", Damian Alan Pargas, Journal of Family History, 2008; 33; 316, In 1850 he held 1,092 slaves; Ward was the largest slaveholder in the United States during his lifetime. In 1860 his heirs (his estate) held 1,130 or 1,131 slaves. One of his plantations, the Brookgreen Plantation, is now part of a park called Brookgreen Gardens.
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Hammond School, originally James H. Hammond Academy, is a pre-K through 12 college preparatory day school in Columbia, South Carolina, founded in 1966. The school was founded as a segregation academy, but is now better known for its athletic and academic accomplishments. It is named for slaveholder James Henry Hammond.
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William R. Elliston (1815–1870) was an American planter, slaveholder and politician. He served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1845 to 1847. He owned Burlington Plantation in what is now Nashville, Tennessee. An investor in railroads and real estate, Elliston entered his horses in equestrian competitions.
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Miles (2010), p. 40 Vann was among the younger leaders of the Cherokee who thought its people needed to acculturate to deal with the European Americans and the United States government. He encouraged the Moravians to establish a mission school on Cherokee land, and became a wealthy planter and slaveholder.
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Construction on Glencairn began in 1830 and was completed in 1837 by John Erwin. Erwin was an influential attorney, slaveholder, and a Democratic politician. He was born on September 10, 1799 in Pendleton County, Virginia and had relocated to Alabama by 1821. He married Eliza Margaret Chadwick on October 5, 1822.
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William Barksdale (August 21, 1821 – July 3, 1863) was a lawyer, newspaper editor, U.S. Congressman, slaveholder and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. A staunch secessionist, he was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg while leading his brigade's attack on Union forces not far from Cemetery Ridge.
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Claiborne Fox Jackson, son of Dempsey Carroll and Mary Orea "Molly" (née Pickett) Jackson, was born in 1806 in Fleming County, Kentucky. His father was a wealthy tobacco planter and slaveholder. The young Jackson had several older brothers. He was likely tutored at home and taught to be a planter.
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It reveals much of the daily life of a 19th-century Mississippi businessman, including the fact that he was himself later a slaveholder. His papers are archived at Louisiana State University. Through an act of Congress, the home of William Johnson became a part of the Natchez National Historical Park in 1990.
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Thomas Heyward Academy is a private school located in Ridgeland, South Carolina. The school is named after Thomas Heyward, Jr. (1746-1809), a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a slaveholder. It offers Pre- Kindergarten to 12th grade. The school is a member of the South Carolina Independent School Association (SCISA).
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Practically overnight, Minton changes from a quiet paradise into a violent slum. In time, however, Cary is visited by a slaveholder from the south, and under pressure from the townsfolk, Cary agrees for Caesar to leave Minton to work on the plantations of the south, thus restoring Minton to its original, idyllic condition.
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He moved to Lowndes County, Mississippi in 1840 where he became a slaveholder and wealthy planter. He was a state militia officer before the Civil War. He served in the Mississippi State Senate from Lowndes County in 1858-1861. Jeptha V. Harris married Mary Oliver Banks of Tuscaloosa, Alabama on June 30, 1840.
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Despite her Quaker upbringing, there is no evidence that she disapproved of James as a slaveholder. They were married on September 15, 1794, and lived in Philadelphia for the next three years.Allgor, A Perfect Union. ch 2 In 1797, after eight years in the House of Representatives, James Madison retired from politics.
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His maternal grandfather was the slaveholder James Ellison who had Barsheba with his slave Fanny. Ellison made provisions in his will to free Fanny and Barsheba upon his wife's death. He also taught Barsheba to read and write. Payne's mother in turn taught him to read and write at a very early age.
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The presidents of the ACS tended to be Southerners. The first president was Bushrod Washington, the nephew of U.S. President George Washington and an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. At Google Books. From 1836 to 1849 the statesman Henry Clay of Kentucky, a planter and slaveholder, was ACS president.
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Butler in his later years Butler turned down the governorship of the Nebraska Territory in 1855. Politically, Butler was a moderate. Although a slaveholder, he was opposed to the extension of slavery and favored gradual legal emancipation. He stood firmly for the preservation of the Union and was a Union Democrat during the Civil War.
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As well as political caution, economic imperatives remained an important consideration with regard to Washington's personal position as a slaveholder and his efforts to free himself from his dependency on slavery.Twohig 2001 p. 128Morgan 2005 p. 423 He was one of the largest debtors in Virginia at the end of the war,Wiencek 2003 p.
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Line drawing of William Parker's house, circa 1851. On September 11, 1851, a slaveholder from Maryland (Edward Gorsuch) came bearing a warrant to recover his slaves. Gorsuch had information that his slaves were at Parker's farmhouse. Parker had received intelligence that Gorsuch, a federal marshal and others were on their way to his farmhouse.
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While Mansfield's judgment avoided making a definitive judgement about the legality of slavery in England, it nonetheless challenged the assumptions that enslaved people were no more than property, and that "Britishness" and whiteness were inseparable categories.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), p. 150.
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Thomas, p. 7, claims that James was the youngest son of ten [unnamed] children. His father, Archibald Stuart, was a War of 1812 veteran, slaveholder, attorney, and Democratic politician who represented Patrick County in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, and also served one term in the United States House of Representatives.Wert, p. 5.
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In 1861, Quantrill went to Texas with the slaveholder Marcus Gill. There, they met Joel B. Mayes and joined the Cherokee Nations. Mayes was a half Scots-Irish and half Cherokee Confederate sympathizer and a war chief of the Cherokee Nations in Texas. He had moved from Georgia to the old Indian Territory in 1838.
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Cameron had been a slaveholder in British Guiana.Fernandes, C. Island Off the Coast of Asia: Instruments of statecraft in Australian foreign policy (Melbourne: Monash University Publishing, 2018), 15. The first lots were sold in 1885 and within a year several buildings were under construction. By the end of 1886 the town had been surveyed.
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The Liberty Party was announced in November 1839, and first gathered in Warsaw, New York. Its first national convention took place in Arcade on April 1, 1840. The Liberty Party nominated James G. Birney, a Kentuckian, former slaveholder, and prominent abolitionist, for president while Thomas Earle of Pennsylvania was selected as his running mate.
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When Congress reconvened on December 5, 1853, the group, termed the F Street Mess,Mess meant taking meals together. along with Virginian William O. Goode, formed the nucleus that would insist on slaveholder equality in Nebraska. Douglas was aware of the group's opinions and power and knew that he needed to address its concerns.Freehling pp. 550–551.
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Holt (1999), p. 361 During the campaign, Northern Whig leaders touted traditional Whig policies like support for infrastructure spending and increased tariff rates,Holt (1999), p. 365 but Southern Whigs largely eschewed economic policy, instead emphasizing that Taylor's status as a slaveholder meant that he could be trusted on the issue of slavery more so than Cass.Holt (1999), pp.
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The Harris-Holden House is a historic house on a former plantation in Lincoln County, Tennessee. It was built in 1860 for Joel M. Harris, a planter and slaveholder. With During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, the Union Army looked for victuals in the house. In 1901, Harris took to sheep farming, but dogs ate his herd.
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Originally, what is now Brookgreen Gardens was four rice plantations. The plantations from south to north were The Oaks, Brookgreen, Springfield, and Laurel Hill. The current gardens and surrounding facilities lie completely on the former Brookgreen Plantation, which was owned by Joshua John Ward, the largest American slaveholder. Only a handful of relics survive on the former plantations.
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Born into slavery at Brookfield, a tobacco plantation in Henrico County, Virginia, Gabriel had two brothers, Solomon and Martin. They were all held in bondage by slaveholder Thomas Prosser, the owner of Brookfield. As Gabriel and Solomon were trained as blacksmiths, their father may have had that skill. Gabriel was also taught to read and write.
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These events strengthened Bradley in his resolve to defeat violent white Southerners by legal means.Waldrep 140–41. United States Attorney General Amos T. Akerman, a former Confederate and slaveholder who became one of the Klan's most outspoken enemies, directed prosecution of the case. In the end, federal prosecutors failed to gain a conviction in United States v.
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Examples include "The Quadroons" (1842) and "Slavery's Pleasant Homes: A Faithful Sketch" (1843). She wrote anti-slavery fiction to reach people beyond what she could do in tracts. She also used it to address issues of sexual exploitation, which affected both the enslaved and the slaveholder family. In both cases she found women suffered from the power of men.
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She was born in Kentucky in 1816. Around 1842, Harriet Bell married Lewis Hayden after his wife and children had been sold away to another slaveholder. Harriet Bell had one son named Jo, who Lewis adopted following their marriage. On September 28, 1844, after careful planning, the Haydens escaped their Kentucky plantation and fled to Canada.
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200px Hamble James Leacock (1795–1856) was an African missionary. He was born in Barbados, where his father John Wrong Leacock was a slaveholder. He was educated at Codrington College, St John, Barbados. Leacock became a clergyman and gave the privileges of the Church to all slaves of his parish, at the same time freeing his own slaves.
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Alexander Little Page Green (a.k.a. "A.L.P. Green") (1806 or 1807 – July 15, 1874) was an American Methodist leader, slaveholder, and co-founder of Vanderbilt University. He was the founder of the Southern Methodist Publishing House. He was instrumental in moving the Methodist General Conference to Nashville, Tennessee, where he was the minister of McKendree United Methodist Church.
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Among his passengers were two African-American women, Eliza Small and Polly Ann Bates, both of whom carried legal documents declaring them free women. Before the ship docked it was boarded by Matthew Turner, the agent of a wealthy Baltimore slaveholder named John B. Morris. Turner claimed that Small and Bates were fugitive slaves belonging to Morris.
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The land was granted to John White, a settler from South Carolina, in 1808. His son, Newton White, a slaveholder, built the house in 1840. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style. After Newton White died in 1891, his widow Courtney White continued to live in the house until it was inherited by their nephew, George S. White.
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Rollins was a Whig from 1836 to 1855, when the party dissolved in dissension over the Kansas-Nebraska Act regarding the extension of slavery into territories and new states. As a large slaveholder in Missouri, Rollins was not an abolitionist, but he opposed both the extension of slavery and secession.Mering, 217-219. When the Whig Party ended, Rollins began a political transition.
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Clay, a slaveholder, presided over a party in which its Southern wing was sufficiently committed to the national platform to put partisan loyalties above slavery expansionist proposals that might undermine its North-South alliance.Finkelman. 2011, p. 18: "In Congress, the Whigs had blocked Texas annexation, with southern Whigs joining their northern colleagues...who opposed Texas annexation because of slavery."Wilentz, 2008, p.
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The largest buyer of land was the South Australia Company headed by politicians, banker and slaveholder George Fife Angas, which bought enough land for South Australia to proceed, and continued to influence the colony's future development. With the British government's conditions met, King William IV signed the Letters Patent and the first settlers and officials set sail in early 1836.
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Benton County was established on December 18, 1832, named for Thomas Hart Benton, a member of the United States Senate from Missouri. Its county seat was Jacksonville. Benton, a slave owner, was a political ally of John C. Calhoun, U.S. senator from South Carolina and also a slaveholder and planter. Through the 1820s-1840s, however, Benton's and Calhoun's political interests diverged.
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Following the Home Mission Society's rejection of James E. Reeve for appointment as a missionary because he was a slaveholder, Alabama and other southern state Baptist conventions withdrew their funding from the national convention and formed the Southern Baptist Convention in 1845. It was another sign of the severe sectional tensions that developed in the nation before the outbreak of war.
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The school was founded in 1970 as segregation academy. The founders were affiliated with the White Citizens CouncilAnderson, Robert E., Jr. The South and Her Children: School Desegregation 1970-1971. A Report Southern Regional Council (March 1971) In the 2015–2016 school year, 5 of 295 students in grades 1-12 were black. The school was named for Thomas Heyward Jr., a slaveholder.
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Murray and her daughter went to live at Fatherland, the Bingaman family plantation in Natchez, Mississippi. Life on the plantation was privileged. The noted race horse, Lexington (horse) was stabled at the Bingaman plantation while being trained by John Benjamin Pryor, the horse trainer at the top of his field. Bingaman was a slaveholder, holding 230 slaves in 1850 and 310 in 1860.
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That year Bland returned to Virginia and began a medical practice. He married Martha Daingerfield in 1768 and they likely settled at Kippax about that time. (His parents had moved to Cawsons.) With the inheritance of Kippax plantation, Bland became a planter and major slaveholder. Bland retired from medical practice in the late 1760s, "in favor of farming and politics".
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He was a merchant, mariner and businessman, owning a bakehouse and a mill at Tuckers Point. He was a slaveholder, with 20 slaves for his shipping business and 16 for personal use. In addition to his brother, Thomas Nelson Sr. and John Phrip were close associates. He was one of the founders, along with George Washington, of the Great Dismal Swamp Company.
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McDonogh was a slaveholder. In 1822, he devised a manumission scheme by which his slaves could buy their freedom. The process took about 15 years; thus he was able to profit from their labor before he set them free. McDonogh was also active in, and contributed to, the American Colonization Society, which enabled freed black slaves to emigrate back to Africa.
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General and Mrs. Hawley left for Richmond, Virginia soon after, however the home was still being occupied by other Union soldiers. Elegant fireplace at Bellamy Mansion Dr. Bellamy's home retrieval process was lengthy, likely because of his political views and his former status as a large slaveholder. In the summer of 1865, he sought a pardon to reclaim his property.
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The Williams sisters were the daughters of William S. Williams and his Osage wife, A-Ci'n-Ga. They first met Mathews while attending school in Kentucky after their mother died. Mathews was a slaveholder and souther-sympathizer. He married Mary in Jackson County, Missouri in 1835 and was appointed blacksmith for the Senaca in 1837 and for the Osage in 1839.
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In June 1861, he held a meeting at the house of Larkin McGhee in the nearby Osage village of Chetopa and organized a company of Osages and mixed-blood Cherokees for the Confederate Army.Abel, Annie Heloise, The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist. page 235, 239. See, also, Mathews, John Joseph, The Osages One of his sons, John Mathews, Jr. joined this company.
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Speed was a delegate to the National Union Convention in Philadelphia in 1866 and fellow delegates chose him as the convention's president. However, Speed's racial views were unpopular in Kentucky. Speed ran to become U.S. Senator from Kentucky in 1867, as President Johnson's ally Senator James Guthrie (a Unionist and former slaveholder) retired citing health issues. However, voters instead elected Democrat Thomas C. McCreery.
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Colonel Nicholas Bayard (c. 1644–1707) was a government official and major slaveholder in the colony of New York. Bayard served as the 16th Mayor of New York City, from 1685 to 1686. He is notable for being Peter Stuyvesant's nephewLandmarks Preservation Commission LP-0645 and for being an immigrant member of the Bayard family, which remained prominent in New York City into the 20th century.
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132, accessed 26 January 2011 Wash also gained the aid of the prominent Whig politician Edward Bates. Although a slaveholder, he argued the case in court. He was later appointed as the US Attorney General under President Abraham Lincoln.Eric Gardner, "'You have no business to whip me': the freedom suits of Polly Wash and Lucy Ann Delaney", African American Review, Spring 2007, accessed 4 January 2011.
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It is operated as a house museum and site for interpretation of Arkansas Delta history. Johnson was a large slaveholder, by 1860 owning 155 African slaves to work his thousands of acres. He also owned "thirty horses, fifty-five asses and mules, sixteen milk cows, thirty working oxen, thirty- five other cattle, forty sheep, and sixty swine." Johnson grew chiefly cotton and corn as commodity crops.
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Dr. Waller then sells Kizzy to a poor slaveholder named Tom Lea (Jonathan Rhys Meyers) in North Carolina. He rapes her the same night she arrives. Nine months later, she gives birth to Lea's son, whom Tom Lea names George, apparently after his father. Kizzy contemplates killing her infant, but decides to raise him so she can pass on the story of his heritage.
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The house was built circa 1815 for John Bridgman, a settler, and his wife, née Lavinia Cox. With Bridgman was a co-founder of Pikeville, and he served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1819 to 1821. He was also a landowner and a slaveholder. In 1869, the house was purchased by the wife of Union Army General James G. Spears, Adeline.
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From Maryland and Tennessee, Sappington settled in Missouri after completing medical training and getting married. He married Jane Breathitt, a sister of future Kentucky governor John Breathitt and two other politically connected brothers. As an early pioneer near Arrow Rock, Missouri, Sappington established several businesses to earn money to acquire land. He eventually acquired thousands of acres and became a major planter and slaveholder in the state.
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In 1844, the Home Mission Society refused to ordain James E. Reeve of Georgia as a missionary because he was put forward as a slaveholder. They refused to decide on the basis of slavery. In May 1845, in Augusta, Georgia, the slavery supporters in the Southeast broke with the Triennial Convention and founded the Southern Baptist Convention. The Triennial Baptists were concentrated in the Northeast.
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The whole theological movement was important in the Second Great Awakening. It was opposed generally by the theologians of Princeton, including Charles Hodge. Hopkins is credited with originating the phrase "disinterested benevolence", though the concept is much older and can, for example, be seen in Jonathan Edwards ethical writings as well. Originally a slaveholder, Hopkins was one of the first of the Congregationalist ministers to denounce slavery.
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Those leaving Baltimore reconvened in Richmond to nominate a Southern Democrat, slaveholder John C. Breckinridge. Having divided the once majority Congressional party, Breckinridge won Electoral College votes in seven Deep South states. With the addition of Arkansas, Delaware, Maryland and North Carolina narrowly with 51.5%, Breckinridge won 72 Electoral College votes. Secessionists in the South were variously both majorities and minorities in their state legislatures.
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On August 26, 1864, Harris was commissioned as a colonel of militia and given command of forces at Macon, Mississippi. After graduating from the University of Georgia in 1836, Harris moved to Lowndes County, Mississippi in 1840 where he became a slaveholder and wealthy planter. He was a state militia officer before the Civil War. He was a Mississippi State Senator from Lowndes County in 1858–1861.
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John Harding was born in Goochland County, Virginia on November 2, 1777. His family moved to Davidson County, Tennessee in 1798, in what was known as Middle Tennessee of the Grand Divisions. His grandfather had owned slaves in Virginia, and his father, Giles Harding, brought several with the family to Tennessee. John Harding also owned slaves and became the third-largest slaveholder in Davidson County by 1850.
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261-272 In 1748, he lived at St. George Hanover Square, London. In Jamaica, Campbell was a slaveholder and planter. In his will, Campbell bequeathed to his wife, Margaret Campbell, "the use and enjoyment of any of my Negroes at her own choice". In his will, he also bequeathed to his son, Colin, his "Negroes" at his two sugar plantations, Orange Bay and Fish River.
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The Baptists particularly allowed them active roles in congregations. By the mid-19th century, northern Baptists tended to oppose slavery. As tensions increased, in 1844 the Home Mission Society refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary who had been proposed by Georgia. It noted that missionaries could not take servants with them, and also that the board did not want to appear to condone slavery.
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In June 1835, Harriet Jacobs decided to escape. A white woman, who was a slaveholder herself, hid her at great personal risk in her house. After a short time, Jacobs had to hide in a swamp near the town, and at last she found refuge in a crawl space under the roof of her grandmother's house. The garret was only by and at its highest point.
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She was a sister of future Kentucky Governor John Breathitt and two other politically connected brothers. After living in Franklin, Tennessee, they migrated to Missouri in 1817, settling in Arrow Rock a couple of years later. In addition to developing businesses, Sappington eventually acquired thousands of acres of land and became a major slaveholder. But Jane Jackson died a few months after the wedding.
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His family derived its wealth from sugar and slavery in the Colony of Jamaica. In 1852, Simon Watson Taylor inherited his Jamaican estates from his mother Anna. The vast majority of the wealth created by her great- uncle Simon Taylor had been largely squandered by George.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 214-5.
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The county was formed in 1779 from the southwestern part of Craven County. It was named for Willie Jones, a planter, slaveholder, Revolutionary leader and president of the North Carolina Committee of Safety during the war. He opposed state ratification of the United States Constitution. The rural Low Country county was originally developed for plantations, which were dependent on the labor of enslaved African Americans.
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He was not a candidate for renomination in 1860. During the presidential campaign of 1860, Brabson canvassed for the Constitutional Union candidate, John Bell. Although a slaveholder, Brabson opposed secession on the eve of the Civil War. When Tennessee seceded in June 1861, he returned to his residence at Chattanooga, refusing to take up arms against either side, though offered a commission by both.
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In 1754 Woolman published Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes. He continued to refuse to draw up wills that bequeathed ownership of slaves to heirs. Over time, and working on a personal level, he individually convinced many Quaker slaveholders to free their slaves. As Woolman traveled, when he accepted hospitality from a slaveholder, he insisted on paying the slaves for their work in attending him.
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Marryat was born in London on 26 June 1827, the son of a former slaveholder in the British West Indies, Charles Marryat Snr, of Potter's Bar, Middlesex, who had been compensated part of £34,000 in the 1830s upon the emancipation of slavery, and Caroline Short, sister of Augustus Short, bishop of Adelaide. Marryat was educated at Eton and The Queen's College, Oxford and ordained in 1852.
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Gideon Gibson Jr., (1731–1792) was a free man of color in the colony of South Carolina. He became a slaveholder and "regulator" in the back country. He supported their vigilantism to oppose British taxation policy. In May 2011, he was discussed in the New York Times as a paternal great-grandfather of Randall Lee Gibson, a planter who served as a Confederate general from Louisiana.
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The house was built on land from the Concord Plantation. with Ralph North, a Jefferson College alumnus, judge and slaveholder, purchased 14 acres in 1849 and built the house in 1850. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style probably by James Hardie (architect). Two years after the end of the American Civil War in 1867, it was acquired by Osborne K. Field.
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Dodon, on the South River near Annapolis. In 1842 Steuart inherited from his uncle William Steuart a large tobacco plantation, comprising around of land and about 150 slaves, at Dodon, near the South River in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Steuart's grandfather George H. Steuart had purchased and developed Dodon in around 1740. This inheritance made Steuart a wealthy landowner and a significant slaveholder in the state.
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Pleasant Philips prospered as a plantation owner and slaveholder in Harris County, as well as the Bank of Brunswick president. He married Laura Osborne in Harris County, Georgia on November 19, 1838 according to the county's marriage records. By 1860 he had relocated to Columbus, and also was very active in the Georgia State Militia, reaching the rank of major by 1861.Allardice, p. 182.
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Edward Ker Snead (1827 - circa 1875), a Virginia lawyer and slaveholder in Accoumack County on Virginia's Eastern Shore, became a judge in Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia during the Union occupation late in the American Civil War, and later was elected one of Accomack County's two delegates to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, and even later became a federal tax collector on the Eastern Shore.
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Hugh Alfred Garland (June 1, 1805 – October 14, 1854) was an American slaveholder, lawyer and politician. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates. In 1838 to 1841 he served as clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Garland was a staunch supporter of slavery in the United States, and he led the defense for Dred Scott's owner, John F. A. Sanford, in the case of Dred Scott v.
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He and his fellow prisoners were forced to march away from Taqali, relayed between numerous Sudanese, Arab and Turkish gangs of slaveholders. After six months' service to one exceptionally vicious slaveholder, Selim was taken over by a new owner (his seventh) who set up a caravan heading to Dongola.Selim Aga, p. 27 After a brief stay there, Selim was sold again; he ended up on a slave market in Cairo.
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100–101 There is tension between Washington's stance on slavery, and his broader historical role as a proponent of liberty. He was a slaveholder who led a war for liberty, and then led the establishment of a national government that secured liberty for many of its citizens, and historians have considered this a paradox.Wiencek, Henry. An Imperfect God; George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America, p.
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Lycurgus Johnson (1818-1876) was an American cotton planter and large slaveholder in the Arkansas Delta during the antebellum years. Born to the powerful political and planter Johnson family in Scott County, Kentucky, he became the owner and developer of the Lakeport Plantation in Chicot County, Arkansas. It bordered the west bank of the Mississippi River. Although Johnson declared bankruptcy after the Civil War, he retained his land.
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He became chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs from 1853 to 1855 and again from 1857 to 1859. In 1859, Bocock was nominated for Speaker of the House, but withdrew after eight weeks of debate and multiple ballots failed to elect a speaker. A committed slaveholder and Southern nationalist, Bocock praised Sen. Preston Brook's attack on Charles Sumner, but later reinvented himself as a moderate on the Kansas slavery issue.
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Leonard, p. 36 A Kentucky slaveholder at a time when opponents of Texas annexation argued that it would give slavery more room to spread, Clay sought a nuanced position on the issue. Jackson, who strongly supported a Van Buren/Polk ticket, was delighted when Clay issued a letter for publication in the newspapers opposing Texas annexation, only to be devastated when he learned Van Buren had done the same thing.Borneman, pp.
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Prior to 1965, Bishopville High School served white students, while black students attended Dennis High School three blocks away. In 1965, the Federal government mandated the integration of public schools in South Carolina. In response, many segregation academies like Robert E. Lee Academy were established by white parents so their children could continue with a segregated education. The school is named after the Confederate general and slaveholder Robert E. Lee.
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That same year, he and Sewall successfully argued before the Massachusetts Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Aves that any slave who was brought to a free state by a slaveholder could not be forced to leave. In the late 1830s, Loring hired a 15-year-old African-American youth named Robert Morris as a household servant. When Loring's regular copyist, a white youth, neglected his duties, Morris took over for him.
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Even 50 years later, when the Fort Smith Elevator of Arkansas published an anniversary article about the escape, the account had a kind of mythic power. It recounted a morning when Cherokee slaveholders could not find their slaves and said that "hundreds" had disappeared overnight, rather than the 20 of fact. The slaveholder Joseph Vann was killed two years later in 1844, in the Lucy Walker steamboat disaster.
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Lamar is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Prowers County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 7,804 at the 2010 United States Census. The city was named after Confederate slaveholder Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II during the period that he was Secretary of the Interior in the futile hope that the then town would be named as the land office.
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333 With the strong backing of slave state delegates, Taylor defeated Henry Clay to win the Whig presidential nomination.Holt (1999), pp. 323–326. For vice president, the Whigs nominated Millard Fillmore of New York, a conservative Northerner. The nomination of Taylor, a slaveholder without any history in the Whig Party, spurred anti- slavery Whigs to go through with their convention, which would meet in Buffalo, New York in August.
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John McTyeire (1792–1859) and Elizabeth Nimmons (1803–1861), were both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. His father was "a cotton planter and a slaveholder."McTyeire, H.N., Sturgis, C.F., Holmes, A.T., Duties of Masters to Servants: Three Premium Essays, Charleston, South Carolina: Southern Baptist Publication Society, 1851, p. 5 McTyeire attended the higher schools available at the time: first at Cokesbury, South Carolina, then Collinsworth Institute in Georgia.
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Davis, p. 209 Klotter wrote that Breckinridge's sale of a female slave and her six-week-old child in November 1857 probably ended his days as a slaveholder. Slaves were not listed among his assets in the 1860 Census, but Heck noted that he had little need for slaves at that time, since he was living in Lexington's Phoenix Hotel after returning to Kentucky from his term as vice president.Heck, p.
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Fielding Jackson Hurst (born Claireborn County 1810, died McNairy County 1882) was a surveyor and planter who served as a colonel in the Union Army, commanding the 6th Regiment Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry during the American Civil War. He later served as a Republican member of the Tennessee Senate and as a judge. As a Southern Unionist and slaveholder, he remains a controversial figure. Hurst was born in 1810.
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He was a slave owner. He later established another plantation between 1723-1726 at "Newport" in Spotsylvania County, which he named for his birthplace in England. A key fact in Waller's history, as a slave owner, is that he was the slaveholder who purchased a man named Kunta Kinte after Kinte was kidnap and transported to America in 1767. This history is included in the book Roots by Alex Haley.
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Ross was a slaveholder and obviously sympathetic with the various arguments intended to preserve it. "'Slavery might be dying in Delaware,' he said, but he was convinced a majority of the citizens in the state supported the rights of the slaves states.", p. 95. As if to agree with his point, the General Assembly again refused proposals to allow African Americans to testify in courts of law, or to travel freely.
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Staffordshire figure painted earthenware bust modelled and made by Enoch Wood, c. 1790 Whitefield was a plantation owner and slaveholder, and viewed the work of slaves as essential for funding his orphanage's operations. Whitefield's contemporary, John Wesley denounced slavery as "the sum of all villainies," and detailed its abuses. However, defenses of slavery were common among 18th-century Protestants, especially missionaries who used the institution to emphasize God's providence.
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Smoot — a SouthernerSmoot, as a slaveholder of the South, "once refused," writes W. Kesler Jackson, "to hand out campaign literature for Joseph Smith's bid for the [U.S.] presidency because part of Smith's platform included a denunciation of slavery and a plan for compensated emancipation" (Jackson, p. 107). from a line of slaveholder progenitors who had himself continued his practice of it in Utah — stated that he, Thomas B. Marsh, Warren Parrish, and David W. Patten had asked Joseph Smith in 1836 and 1838 if blacks could have the priesthood, whereupon Joseph informed them that, while blacks could be baptized, including those who were enslaved (but solely with their master's consent), they could not hold the priesthood (it remains unclear, however, whether Smith's alleged priesthood reference was intended by him to apply only to blacks still in bondage). According to Nuttall, Coltrin and Smoot both wrote down their respective accounts in the course of the meeting, then signed their names to them.
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The Hows-Madden House is a historic mansion in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built in 1830 for Rasa Hows, a settler and slaveholder. After he died in 1858, it was inherited by his widow and his sons, including Stephen Hows, who served under Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 23, 1984.
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The house was built as a log house in the 1830s for Copeland Whitfield, a settler and slaveholder from Virginia. Whitfield lived in the house with his first wife, Susan Harwell, and later with his second wife, Nancy Adell Butler. By 1847, the house was redesigned in the Greek Revival architectural style. During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, Whitfield was hanged by members of the Union Army, but he survived.
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Jemison was born in Lincoln County, Georgia, near Augusta, Georgia, to William and Sarah (Mims) Jemison. He was educated there at Mount Zion Academy, where he was a classmate of Dixon Hall Lewis, and attended the University of Georgia. His father, William Jemison, was a slaveholder and landowner of at least four large-scale properties. Robert Jemison Jr. used the Jr. behind his name to distinguish himself from his grandfather, also named Robert.
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The abolitionists have postponed the emancipation of the slaves in three or four states for at least half a century." In deference to the intentions of the typical slaveholder, he was willing to provide the benefit of the doubt. In his third annual message to Congress, the president claimed that the slaves were "treated with kindness and humanity. ... Both the philanthropy and the self-interest of the master have combined to produce this humane result.
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The two men were affiliated in Sappington's business for a time, working with traders on the Santa Fe Trail. Marmaduke later acquired and operated a successful plantation in Saline County, becoming a large slaveholder as well. He and his wife reared their ten children here. Marmaduke changed his opinions and developed Unionist leanings by mid-century, but four of his sons served the Confederacy during the American Civil War, and two died.
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Article IV, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution guaranteed the property rights of slaveholders; this superseded Staines's parental rights.The legal status of a child born following an enslaved mother's escape to another (free) state was the same as if that child had been born in the mother's native (slave) state. The U.S. Constitution protected the property rights of the slaveholder, which superseded the rights of the child's father. See U.S. Supreme Court, Jones vs.
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Charles Madison Sarratt was born June 21, 1888 in Gaffney, South Carolina. His father, Robert Clifton Sarratt, served in the South Carolina House of Representatives and the South Carolina Senate. His paternal family was of Welsh descent. His mother, Frances Amos, was the daughter of Confederate veteran and Inman cotton plantation owner Charles McAlwreath Amos and granddaughter of Charles Amos, the co-owner of the Cowpens Iron Works and a slaveholder in the antebellum era.
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Thomas Dean, a farmer from South Carolina, moved to Bedford County and established the farm in 1819. He lived here with his wife, Cassandra Brewton, and their son, Peyton S. Dean. Professionally, Dean became a local Democratic politician, serving in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1835 to 1839 and 1851 to 1853 as well as in the Tennessee Senate from 1847 to 1849 and 1855 to 1857. He was also a slaveholder.
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In part Macomb needed the space for his large household; by 1790 he was a widower with 10 children at home. His household included 25 servants, among them 12 enslaved African Americans. Macomb was the third-largest slaveholder in the city, as by that time slaveholding residents generally owned only a few slaves as domestic servants or skilled labor. New York did not pass legislation for gradual abolition of slavery until the early 19th century.
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Harshaw Chapel and Cemetery is a historic Methodist chapel and cemetery at Church and Central Streets in Murphy, Cherokee County, North Carolina. The chapel was built on land gifted to the church by Joshua Harshaw, who was a prominent slaveholder in the area. The chapel was completed May 1, 1869, and is a vernacular Greek Revival style brick church. The surrounding Murphy Methodist Cemetery contains graves dated as early as about 1840.
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In 1859 Harrison retired from the university and started a prep school, the Locust Grove Academy, in nearby Nelson County. He was a slaveholder and supported the Confederacy in the American Civil War. By 1862, with the school suffering from a war-diminished student body, he found himself nursing a son returned home from the conflict. He contracted the young man's illness, was forced to close the school, and died soon thereafter.
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Elias Polk depicted later in life was enslaved as valet to James Polk, being the only known image of a Polk slave. Polk was a slaveholder for most of his adult life. His father, Samuel Polk, in 1827 left Polk more than 8,000 acres (32 km²) of land, and divided about 53 slaves among his widow and children in his will. James inherited twenty of his father's slaves, either directly or from deceased brothers.
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Sarratt married Frances Amos, the daughter of Confederate veteran and Inman cotton plantation owner Charles McAlwreath Amos and granddaughter of Charles Amos, the co-owner of the Cowpens Iron Works and a slaveholder in the antebellum era. Their wedding was held on July 6, 1887 in Spartanburg, South Carolina. They resided on a farm near the Pacolet River on West Frederick Street in Gaffney, South Carolina. They had two sons and two daughters.
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His father Samuel Polk was a farmer, slaveholder, and surveyor of Scots-Irish descent. The Polks had immigrated to America in the late 1600s, settling initially on the Eastern Shore of Maryland but later moving to south-central Pennsylvania and then to the Carolina hill country. The Knox and Polk families were Presbyterian. While Polk's mother remained a devout Presbyterian, his father, whose own father Ezekiel Polk was a deist, rejected dogmatic Presbyterianism.
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This was apparently intended to be a joke on Thompson's part. Thompson was wont to derive material from the Arabian Nights, in which jinns are usually slaves, such as in Aladdin's lamp, so she played a simple turnaround and made the Jinn the slaveholder. All of the slaves that are described are explicitly black people. The best known of the slaves is Ginger, whose service to a magic dinner bell is an important literary device.
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Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 35–6, 81–2, 88–9. They practised the use of good hygiene a century before Florence Nightingale wrote about its importance in her book "Notes on Nursing". At Blundell Hall, Seacole acquired her nursing skills, which included the use of hygiene, ventilation, warmth, hydration, rest, empathy, good nutrition and care for the dying.
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In the 1770s, Carroll gradually joined the Patriot cause. As a slaveholder and large landholder, he was initially concerned that the Revolution might fail economically and bring about not only his family's financial ruin, but mob rule. At the time, Maryland, though Catholic-founded, had (like all British colonies) laws excluding Roman Catholics from holding public office. When Maryland declared its independence from Great Britain and enacted its first constitution, these laws were nullified.
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In the mid-1830s he met and married Claire Pollard, a wealthy free woman of color. This marriage lasted till her death in 1852. His successful management of both his and his wife's properties allowed him to acquire additional properties, which included a plantation on the west bank of the Mississippi upriver from New Orleans. By 1860, he owned more than one hundred slaves and was considered the wealthiest black slaveholder in Louisiana.
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Newman Clanton was born around 1816 in Davidson County, Tennessee, and married Mariah Sexton Kelso in Callaway County, Missouri on January 5, 1840. Newman and Mariah had five sons and two daughters: John Wesley, Phineas "Fin" Fay, Joseph "Ike" Isaac, Mary Elsie, Ester Ann, Peter Alonzo, and William "Billy" Harrison. Peter Alonzo died as an infant. Newman Clanton had been a slaveholder and planter in Tennessee before moving the family to Missouri.
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Some of James' younger brothers followed him in this path. At the Quaker schools, the boys faced criticism because their father was a slaveholder, which was in conflict with Quaker principles of equality of men. They also faced discrimination as Irish Catholics at a time of greatly increased immigration to the United States during the Great Famine. Around 1844, the senior Michael Healy met John Bernard Fitzpatrick, the Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Boston.
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"Union State Convention," Nashville Daily Union, 10 January 1865, p. 2. In August 1865, Byrd ran for the 2nd district seat in Congress. While he expressed support for Abraham Lincoln and endorsed legislation barring ex-Confederates from voting, he was criticized for calling for former slaveholders to be compensated for their freed slaves (Byrd had been a slaveholder before the war)."Congressional Canvass," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 2 August 1865, p. 2.
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In nine states with secessionist majorities in their legislatures, Abraham Lincoln's name had been kept off the ballot, ensuring his inability to meet the Secessionist standard. The Constitutional Unionist candidate was slaveholder John Bell, the former Whig US Senator from Tennessee. He won three southern states with 39 Electoral College votes from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. The Unionist Northern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, a sitting US Senator from Illinois carried two states.
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Francis Grimké was the second of three sons born to Henry Grimké, a white (European-American) slaveholder of Charleston, South Carolina, and Nancy Weston, an enslaved woman of European and African descent. After becoming a widower, the senior Grimké began a relationship with Weston. He moved with her out of the city to his plantation where they and their family would have more privacy. She was his official domestic partner in the house.
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During their escape, they traveled on first-class trains, stayed in the best hotels, and Ellen dined one evening with a steamboat captain. Ellen cut her hair and bought appropriate clothes to pass as a young man, traveling in a jacket and trousers. William used his earnings as a cabinet-maker to buy clothes for Ellen to appear as a white slaveholder. William fixed her hair to add to her manly appearance.
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Freehling, > Prelude to Civil War, pg. 257. From this point, the nullifiers accelerated their organization and rhetoric. In July 1831, the States Rights and Free Trade Association was formed in Charleston and expanded throughout the state. Unlike state political organizations in the past, which were led by the South Carolina planter aristocracy, this group appealed to all segments of the population, including non-slaveholder farmers, small slaveholders, and the Charleston non- agricultural class.
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Chesnutt was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Andrew Chesnutt and Ann Maria (née Sampson) Chesnutt, both "free persons of color" from Fayetteville, North Carolina. His paternal grandfather was known to be a white slaveholder, and Chesnutt likely had other white ancestors. He identified as African American but noted that he was seven-eighths white. Given his majority-European ancestry, Chesnutt could "pass" as a white man, but he never chose to do so.
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Doniphan also served as the first Clay County superintendent of schools. Doniphan was a moderate in the events leading up to the American Civil War, opposing secession and favoring neutrality for Missouri. Although a slaveholder, Doniphan advocated the gradual elimination of slavery. This was in response to proposals of the Republican Party to make emancipation immediate, without compensation to the slaveowners or any preparation of the slaves for life as free men.
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In 1808, he was elected to represent West York in the 5th Parliament, but he was unseated because it was found that his agent had closed the polls too early. Beasley, like most of the members of the Upper Canada Legislative Assembly during this period, was a slaveholder. He owned several slaves in Hamilton. Beasley occupied Burlington Heights (now the site of Dundurn Castle and Harvey Park) in 1790, establishing a trading operation there.
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He served there until the American Civil War began in 1861. In October 1859, abolitionist John Brown raided the arsenal. Brown's raiders captured the entire armory and town, which Brown knew to be minimally guarded by civilians, although ultimately he failed and was captured because he remained in town too long. Recent research questions whether Brown really attempted to steal the weapons to support a slave rebellion, considering that explanation Virginia slaveholder propaganda.
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Senator Alcorn urged the removal of the political disabilities of white southerners, rejected Radical Republican proposals to enforce social equality by federal legislation, he denounced the federal cotton tax as robbery and defended separate schools for both races in Mississippi. Although a former slaveholder, he characterized slavery as a cancer upon the body of the Nation and expressed the gratification which he and many other Southerners felt over its destruction.Congressional Globe, 42 Cong., 2 Sess.
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High View Park (also known as "Halls Hill") is a neighborhood in Arlington, Virginia, United States. Its approximate borders are Lee Highway to the north, North George Mason Drive to the west, Slater Park to the east. The southern boundary is a wall, built in the 1930s to separate it from the white neighborhood of Woodlawn Park (now Waycroft-Woodlawn). Prior to the Civil War, the area was owned by a slaveholder named Bazil Hall.
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Humphrey was born on the Cornland plantation in Sellers, Louisiana, a former town northwest of New Orleans in St. Charles Parish that is now part of Norco, Louisiana. The son of a slaveholder and a slave, he was sent away by his father to live with a free black family. Although exiled from his original birthplace, his father continued to support him financially. This support included a monetary allocation for music lessons.
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Blair, despite being a slaveholder from Kentucky, eventually came to oppose the expansion of slavery into western territories. He supported the Free Soil Party ticket of Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams Sr. in the 1848 presidential election. In 1854, in opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, he left the Democratic Party and helped establish the Republican Party. Blair served as an advisor to President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.
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That state's delegation was run by its Whig boss, Thurlow Weed, who deemed Clay unelectable as a slaveholder. New York provided much of Scott's vote through the first four ballots, which were deadlocked, with Clay ahead but not close to a majority. Pennsylvania's Thaddeus Stevens, a leader of the Harrison forces, had obtained possession of a letter Scott had written expressing sympathy for abolitionists. Stevens intentionally dropped the letter while walking among the pro-Clay Virginia delegation.
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In the Senate, Lloyd served as chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses). Later in life, Lloyd served as member of the Maryland State Senate from 1826 to 1831, and as President of the Senate in 1826. He died in Annapolis, Maryland, and is interred in the family burying ground at Wye House near Easton, Maryland. Lloyd was an important slaveholder and vocal defender of the institution of slavery throughout his political career.
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Ebenezer Pettigrew (March 10, 1783 – July 8, 1848) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina. He was born near Plymouth, North Carolina, March 10, 1783. He studied under tutors at home and later attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he was a charter member of the Debating Society, which became the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies. He was a planter slaveholder, and later became a member of the State senate in 1809 and 1810.
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Marmaduke assumed office as governor, acting in what was considered a largely caretaker role for the final ten months of the governor's two-year term. But Marmaduke encouraged better treatment by the state of the mentally ill. In one of his final messages to the state legislature, he strongly urged the establishment of what was then known as a "lunatic asylum," to house and treat those with mental illness. Marmaduke was a slaveholder and benefited from the institution.
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Southern plantation fiction (also known as Anti-Tom literature, in reference to reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin of 1852) from the mid-19th century, culminating in Gone with the Wind, is written from the perspective and values of the slaveholder and tends to present slaves as docile and happy.Tim A. Ryan (2008), Calls and Responses: the American Novel of Slavery since Gone With the Wind, Louisiana State University Press, p. 69. .
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Anna Johnson Dupree in 1913. Anna and Clarence Dupree in 1949 Dupree was born in Carthage and grew up in a family where they picked cotton to make a living. She was the "great-grandchild of a slaveholder and the grandchild of former slaves," and stories she heard about life in slavery had a deep effect on her. Dupree grew up poor, living in a two-room house with her five siblings, her parents, and her grandmother.
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A lawyer by training, Toombs gained renown in the antebellum years as an orator in the U.S. House of Representatives, and later in the U.S. Senate. A slaveholder, he found common ground with fellow-Georgian Alexander H. Stephens and advocated states' rights and the extension of slavery to western territories. Toombs supported the Compromise of 1850, but later advocated secession. Toombs had emotive oratory and a strong physical presence, but his intemperate habits and volatile personality limited his career.
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It is a natural harbour, which was proclaimed on 24 May 1852 by Alexander Elder (brother of Thomas Elder) and John Grainger, having discovered it while aboard the Government schooner Yatala, captained by Edward Dowsett. The port was named after Augusta Sophia, Lady Young, the wife of the Governor of South Australia, Sir Henry Edward Fox Young. Lady Young was the daughter of Charles Marryat Snr., who had been a slaveholder in the British West Indies.
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Charles Edward Bright (20 May 1829 – 17 July 1915) was an English businessman in colonial Victoria. Bright belonged to an old Worcestershire family possessing estates in the counties of Worcester and Hereford. He was the fifth son of the Robert Bright, of Bristol and Abbots Leigh, Somerset, by Caroline, daughter of Thomas Tyndall, of The Fort, Bristol. His father was a slaveholder who was compensated £8,384 by the British government for 404 slaves upon the abolition of slavery.
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A portrait of Lewis Cass. The nomination of Cass for the 1848 Democratic Presidential nomination on a platform of popular sovereignty led Yancey to walk out of the convention. Within a few months of his resignation, Yancey moved to Montgomery, where he purchased a dairy farm while establishing a law partnership with John A. Elmore. No longer a planter, Yancey still remained a slaveholder, owning 11 slaves in 1850, 14 by 1852, and 24 between 1858 and 1860.
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The Old Plantation is an American folk art watercolor likely painted in the late 18th century on a South Carolina plantation.... It is notable for its early date, its credible, non-stereotypical depiction of slaves on the North American mainland, and the fact that the slaves are shown pursuing their own interests. The artist has been identified as South Carolina slaveholder John Rose, and the painting may depict his plantation in what is now Beaufort County.
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John Dickinson argued forcefully against slavery during the convention. Once Delaware's largest slaveholder, he had freed all of his slaves by 1787. Whether slavery was to be regulated under the new Constitution was a matter of such intense conflict between the North and South that several Southern states refused to join the Union if slavery were not to be allowed. Delegates opposed to slavery were forced to yield in their demands that slavery be outlawed within the new nation.
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By 1849 it exported pineapples and citrus fruit. Louis Diston Powles visited Eleuthera, and in his book The Land of the Pearl (1888) referred to the Bluff settlement and its black residents, most notably John Neely, the tacitly accepted leader of the settlement. The third settlement is on Cat Island. At the National Archives in Nassau, Bahamas, there exists a will from one Christopher Neely, a white slaveholder (a British loyalist originally from South Carolina in the colonies).
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However, there are historians who disagree; the newly formed Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society commissioned an independent report and scholars associated with it have continued to argue against the consensus. In June 2018, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation mounted a new exhibit at Monticello, The Life of Sally Hemings, which affirms that Jefferson fathered her children. This follows a major traveling exhibit in 2012 on Jefferson as a slaveholder and accounts of several major slave families at Monticello, including the Hemingses.
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Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 – 31 March 1797), known for most of his life as Gustavus Vassa (),\-->Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), p. 151. was a writer and abolitionist from, according to his memoir, the Eboe region of the Kingdom of Benin (today southern Nigeria). Enslaved as a child, he was taken to the Caribbean and sold as a slave to a Royal Navy officer.
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Quote: Leary concluded that "the chain of evidence securely fastens Sally Hemings' children to their father, Thomas Jefferson." This historic consensus has been reflected in academic writing about Jefferson and his times. The Smithsonian Museum and Monticello collaborated on a groundbreaking exhibition in 2012 in Washington, DC: Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello, which explored Jefferson as a slaveholder and six of the major slave families. It said that Jefferson was likely the father of all Sally Hemings' children.
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The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Volume 14, page 583, Schofield to MerrillWorks of Abraham Lincoln, Volume 6,"Memorandum: Appointment of Odon Guitar" page 134, annotation 1. On July 6, 1863, he was given command of the District of Northern Missouri. As a slaveholder himself and attempting to respect the rights of Southerners in his district he received severe criticism by more radical Unionists.
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The committee ruled that some votes had been cast illegally, but did not find that it was proven he was ineligible to sit. MacTavish later returned to America, where he married a daughter of General Winfield Scott, and took over a large family plantation in Maryland with around fifty slaves. He remained a slaveholder until the end of the Civil War, when he sold the estate, though he was considered a loyal Union citizen. He died in 1868.
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William Clark (August 1, 1770 – September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in prestatehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Missouri. Clark was a planter and slaveholder. Along with Meriwether Lewis, Clark helped lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804 to 1806 across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean, and claimed the Pacific Northwest for the United States.
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They said that Christian planters could concentrate on improving treatment of slaves and that the people in bondage were offered protections from many ills, and treated better than industrial workers in the North. In the mid-1790s the Methodists and the Quakers drew together to form the Maryland Society of the Abolition of Slavery. Together they lobbied the legislature. In 1796 they gained repeal of the 1753 law that had prohibited individual manumissions by a slaveholder.
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But the political situation had changed: Lincoln had been assassinated and his successor Andrew Johnson was a Southerner and former slaveholder. He ordered the removal of many freedmen from the land which had been allotted to them by the army just one year before. The land question together with the unjust labor contracts forced on the former slaves by the former masters with the help of the army, are an important subject in Jacobs's reports from Georgia.
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Quisenberry, p. 134 His wife had died the previous year, and soon after selling his newspaper, he became paralyzed by a palsy on one side. Thus disabled, he soon moved to Lexington to live with his son, Thomas, then a professor at Transylvania University.Quisenberry, p. 136 He died at his son's home on July 3, 1841. A slaveholder for his entire life, Marshall's will dictated that all of his slaves be emancipated upon his death.Quisenberry, p.
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Young married Augusta Sophia Marryat (born 1829) in 1848. She was the daughter of a former slaveholder, Charles Marryat, of Potter's Bar, Middlesex, who had been compensated part of £34,000 in the 1830s upon the emancipation of slavery. Augusta (later Lady Young) was the niece of the novelist Captain Frederick Marryat, and sister of Charles Marryat, Dean of Adelaide (1887–1906). Her mother was Caroline Short, whose brother, Augustus Short, was the first Anglican bishop of Adelaide.
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Some of the men recognized him from earlier in the day, surmised what he had done, tied him to a tree and shot him. (Although a slaveholder, Tyree was a Union man.)Cole Camp Community (1989), p. 185. Despite Tyree's warning, Cook's preparations were inadequate, for his pickets were overrun without alerting the sleeping Home Guard. There were admissions of heavy drinking in the camp and the men were slumbering in the early morning hours of June 19 when the attack began.
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He became deeply involved in the administration of the Smithsonian Institution as a member ex officio of its Board of Regents. Through 1849, slavery was an unresolved issue in the territories. Taylor advocated the admission of California and New Mexico, which were both likely to outlaw slavery. Southerners were surprised to learn the president, despite being a Southern slaveholder, did not support the introduction of slavery into the new territories, as he believed the institution could not flourish in the arid Southwest.
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Seward was born on May 16, 1801, in the small community of Florida, New York, in Orange County. He was the fourth son of Samuel Sweezy Seward and his wife Mary (Jennings) Seward. Samuel Seward was a wealthy landowner and slaveholder in New York State; slavery was not fully abolished in the state until 1827. Florida was located some north of New York City, west of the Hudson River, and was a small rural village of perhaps a dozen homes.
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Henry Currie, cousin of the first Baronet, was Member of Parliament for Guildford. The slaveholder Isaac Currie, uncle of the first Baronet, was the father of Raikes Currie,Fernandes, C. Island Off the Coast of Asia: Instruments of statecraft in Australian foreign policy (Melbourne: Monash University Publishing, 2018), 14. Member of Parliament for Northampton, who was the father of diplomat Philip Currie, 1st Baron Currie. Fendall Currie, sixth son of the first Baronet, was a Major-General in the Army.
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The question of slavery was one of the burning issues of the day, and one that often put Willbur Fisk at odds with many of his fellow Methodists. He was a colonizationist who favored sending America's slaves to Africa. He opposed the abolitionists within the church who sought to deny membership to any slaveholder or any supporter of slavery. Willbur felt that the abolitionist approach would split the church and prevent those who needed Christian love and teachings the most from receiving it.
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In 1729, she was valued as useless because of her age, but she continued to practice her medicinal skills in Southampton Parish. During the late 1720s, Bermuda's elite began making claims of being victims of poison attacks by their slaves. In 1730, Thomas Foster, his spouse Sarah Foster, and a household slave, Nancey, were taken ill. On 2 June, the investigation of Sarah Bassett began, possibly Bermuda's most notorious case pertaining to an attempted murder of a slaveholder by a slave.
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He actively opposed the ratification of the Constitution, both fearing a powerful central government and because there was as yet no Bill of Rights. He returned to the practice of law in his final years, declining several offices under the federal government. A slaveholder throughout his adult life, he hoped to see the institution end, but had no plan for that beyond ending the importation of slaves. Henry is remembered for his oratory, and as an enthusiastic promoter of the fight for independence.
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The Red River area of Winn and Rapides parishes was a combination of large plantations and subsistence farmers; before the war, African Americans had worked as slaves on the plantations. William Smith Calhoun, a major planter, had inherited a plantation in the area. A former slaveholder, he lived with a mixed-race woman as his common-law wife and had come to support black political equality. On election day in November 1868, Calhoun led a group of freedmen to vote.
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10-11 Hawkins further observed that even wealthy traders were nearly as "inattentive" to their mixed-race children as "the Indians". What he did not understand about the Creek culture was that the children had a closer relationship with their mother's eldest brother than with their biological father, because of the importance of the clan structure. McIntosh was considered a skilled orator and politician. He became a wealthy planter and slaveholder; and he was influential in both Creek and European- American society.
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The Walton-Wiggins Farm is a historic farmhouse in Springfield, Tennessee, U.S.. The house was built circa 1855 for Dr. Lycurgus B. Walton, a physician and slaveholder. His son, Martin Atkinson Walton, graduated from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and took over his father's medical practise in the house. He lived there with his wife, Elizabeth Henry Woodard, and their six children. One of his daughter, Eva, married John Bynum Wiggins, and the farm was subsequently inherited by their descendants.
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Daniel Webster of Massachusetts who prioritized preservation of the Union. Senator Thomas Hart Benton, a Missouri slaveholder, opposed the omnibus compromise as an "unmanageable mass of incongruous bills, each an impediment to the other...."John F. Kennedy, Profiles in Courage (1956), chapter IV. Nonetheless, the bill passed Congress and accomplished its purpose. Disunion and civil war were delayed for a decade. The Omnibus Act of June 1868 admitted seven southern U.S. states as having satisfied the requirements of the Reconstruction Acts.
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Flanagan, Mike, The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Old West, Alpha Books, 1999, p. 180. Nevertheless, both it and the Topeka Constitution were sent to Washington for approval by Congress. A vocal supporter of slaveholder rights, which he believed necesssary to prevent Southern secession, President James Buchanan endorsed the Lecompton Constitution before Congress. While the president received the support of the Southern Democrats, many Northern Democrats, led by Stephen A. Douglas, sided with the Republicans in opposition to the constitution.
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In 1849 Edward Gorsuch, who farmed in Monkton, Maryland, owned twelve slaves. He considered himself a good slaveholder, freeing his slaves at the age of 28 and offering them paid seasonal work after that. With changes in crops and other conditions, slavery was no longer as necessary in Maryland, and there were a relatively high proportion of free blacks. Gorsuch did not sell his excess slaves to the Deep South as many other Maryland slave owners of the time did.
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McGillivray made neither provision nor mention of Sehoy in his 1767 will. She was the custodial parent of their son, Alexander McGillivray, whom he did acknowledge and provide for. The younger McGillivray became a prominent Creek chief and planter, and a slaveholder like his father. Though McGillivray made neither mention nor provision for his daughters in his will, their accounts attest to a relationship with him, as they visited him in Savannah, and Sophia named her oldest son, Lachlan McGillivray Durant, for him.
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Shifts in the agriculture economy from tobacco to mixed farming resulted in less need for slaves' labor. In addition local Methodists and Quakers encouraged slaveholders to free their slaves following the American Revolution, and many did so in a surge of individual manumissions for idealistic reasons. By 1810 three-quarters of all blacks in Delaware were free. When John Dickinson freed his slaves in 1777, he was Delaware's largest slave owner with 37 slaves. By 1860, the largest slaveholder owned 16 slaves.
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The Congress of Alexandria convened in the dining room of the house and here Braddock decided to make an expedition to Fort Duquesne which would result in his death. He was urged not to undertake the expedition by native Virginian George Washington who was then a volunteer aide-de-camp to Braddock. Braddock first suggested the idea of levying additional new taxes on the colonists to help with the cost of the war at the house. Carlyle was a slaveholder.
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"Oakland," also known as the James M. Stephenson House, is a home located in Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. Although a slaveholder and sympathizing with the Confederacy, Stephenson was also married to the sister of Unionist Arthur Boreman, and allowed then Union Army Col. (later Gen.) James B. Steedman to use his grove nearby during the American Civil War. However, Union cavalry units occupied this his mansion for a time nonetheless, and damaged furnishings as well as the home and garden.
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He read law and was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1815. He married Matilda Childress, sister of George C Childress who was one of the political leaders of the Texas Republic and chaired the committee that drafted the Constitution of the Republic of Texas. John and Mathilda Catron had no children. A slaveholder all his adult life, Catron had a relationship with Sally, a Tennessee slave in her 30s who had a laundry in Nashville and was held by the Thomas family.
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Forster said about Longfellow's poems: "An excellent feeling predominates throughout them, and much graphic power is displayed in the descriptions. Admirable, and most picturesque is this which follows." In May 1843, Longfellow wrote a review of his Poems on Slavery to Isaac Appleton Jewett in a personal letter. Longfellow spoke of how the poems had favorable reception from people, and how he thought that they were "so mild that even a slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite for breakfast".
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His father was Peter Jefferson, a planter, slaveholder, and surveyor in Albemarle County (Shadwell, Virginia).Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia – Welsh Ancestry . Retrieved June 2, 2010. When Colonel William Randolph, an old friend of Peter Jefferson, died in 1745, Peter assumed executorship and personal charge of Randolph's estate in Tuckahoe as well as his infant son, Thomas Mann Randolph. That year the Jeffersons relocated to Tuckahoe, where they lived for the next seven years before returning to their home in Albemarle in 1752.
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During the campaign, Northern Whig leaders touted traditional Whig policies like support for infrastructure spending and increased tariff rates,Holt (1999), p. 365. but Southern Whigs largely eschewed economic policy, instead emphasizing that Taylor's status as a slaveholder meant that he could be trusted on the issue of slavery more so than Democratic candidate Lewis Cass of Michigan.Holt (1999), pp. 356–357. Ultimately, Taylor won the election with a majority of the electoral vote and a plurality of the popular vote.
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Borst was born and raised in Schoharie County, New York, the second son of U.S. Congressman Peter I. Borst and Catherine B. Borst. In 1847, he relocated from New York to Luray, Virginia, where he opened practice as a lawyer. Within a few years of his arrival, he met Isabella C. Almond, marrying her on 1 April 1851. Almond was a daughter of Edmund "Mann" Almond, a prominent Luray merchant and slaveholder (owning seven slaves in 1850, and five slaves in 1860).
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In addition to Harrison and Webster, Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky sought the nomination, as did General Winfield Scott. Some Whigs argued that because the depression was driving many to their ranks, there was no need to nominate a relative outsider such as Harrison; the party could win behind one of its statesmen, Clay or Webster, and by 1838, Clay was the frontrunner. A slaveholder, he commanded the near-united support of the South, though this came at the price of alienating many Northern Whigs.
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Ludlow, a slaveholder himself, upheld slavery in New Brunswick in a controversial court case in February 1800. George Ludlow found that slavery was lawful based on customs in North America despite there being no British statute legalizing it. However, by 1820 slavery ended in New Brunswick, partly due to the controversy arising from the 1800 decision. George Duncan Ludlow also served on a local board of commissioners for the Sussex Vale Indian Residential School where he advocated for the total removal of Indigenous children from their parents.
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Henry Ruffner (January 16, 1790Appleton's Cyclopedia vol 5, p. 342 gives birthdate at January 19 – December 17, 1861), was an educator and Presbyterian minister, who served as president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University).Appleton's Cyclopedia vol 5, p. 342 Although a slaveholder (and whose family had long owned slaves), Ruffner became known for criticizing slavery as impeding Virginia's economic development before the American Civil War, although that controversial position caused him to resign his college presidency and retire to his farm.
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General John Floyd was one of three men appointed to survey the Georgia-Florida line. He was chairman of the committee who reported the survey results to the Executive Committee in Washington, D.C. Floyd supported former General Andrew Jackson and was one of the presidential electors for US President in 1829. While still a United States Congressman that March, Floyd attended the President Jackson's inauguration. A slaveholder and firm believer in slavery, Floyd helped found and a lead the States Rights Party of Georgia.
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Most of the profits were invested in new lands and in purchasing more slaves (largely drawn from the declining tobacco regions). The United States, immediately before the Civil War. All of the lands east of, or bordering, the Mississippi River were organized as states in the Union, but the West was still largely unsettled. For 50 of the nation's first 72 years, a slaveholder served as President of the United States and, during that period, only slaveholding presidents were re-elected to second terms.
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Bruce was born a in 1856 in Piscataway, Maryland, to enslaved parents Robert and Martha Allen (Clark) Bruce. When he was three years old, his father was sold to a slaveholder in Georgia and Bruce never saw or heard from him again. He and his mother fled to Washington, D.C. and later to Connecticut, where Bruce enrolled in an integrated school and received his first formal education. Traveling back to Washington later, he received a private education and attended Howard University for a three-month course.
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These included the demand that slaveholders be eligible for denominational offices to which the Southern associations contributed financially. These resolutions failed to be adopted. Georgia Baptists decided to test the claimed neutrality by recommending a slaveholder to the Home Mission Society as a missionary. The Home Mission Society's board refused to appoint him, noting that missionaries were not allowed to take servants with them (so he clearly could not take slaves) and that they would not make a decision that appeared to endorse slavery.
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The opposing factions eventually fought the civil war in South Carolina that was perhaps the key factor in America's independence. He was appointed Governor of Jamaica in 1760, but he was recalled after he lost a standoff with the Jamaican House of the Assembly, and its leader, Nicholas Bourke, over who should stand costs for the island's defence.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 101–2. He was appointed envoy-extraordinary to Portugal in 1766.
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"To a Southern Slaveholder" was an anti-slavery essay written by the Unitarian minister Theodore Parker in 1848, as the abolition crisis was heating up in the United States. The tone of the essay is akin to that of someone correcting someone else about a fact they got wrong. However, Parker says several times throughout that is not trying to antagonize slave owners and that he is their friend. Parker points out flaws in the proslavery idea that slavery is allowed by the Bible.
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120 He left his post as superintendent after six years to become a professor at Danville Theological Seminary in Danville, Kentucky. As the sectional conflict leading up to the Civil War escalated, Breckinridge was put in the unusual position of being a slaveholder who opposed slavery. The tragic scenario of brother against brother literally played out in Breckinridge's family, with two of his sons joining each side during the war. Following the war, Breckinridge retired to his home in Danville, where he died on December 27, 1871.
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Robert A. Young was born on January 23, 1824, in Campbell's Station, Knox County, Tennessee. His father, Captain John C. Young, was a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and "a large farmer and slaveholder" in Knox County, Tennessee, who died when Young was only six years old. He had two sisters and two brothers, including Robert R. Moore, another Methodist minister. His paternal grandfather, Henry Young, immigrated from England to the United States as a ship-carpenter, settling in Baltimore, Maryland.
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Monarchists and Republicans confront themselves in Araruna, a small fictional city in the inner of São Paulo, in 1886. The novel depicts the love story of the beautiful and rich Sinhá Moça - The daughter of the slaveholder, Baron Ferreira de Araruna, and the submissive Mother Candida - with the young abolitionist lawyer Dr. Rodolfo Fontes - Son of Dr. Fontes and Inêz. Together, they face the difficulties in the campaign for the abolition of slaves. The novel begins with Sinhá Moça at the age of ten.
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One of the wounded Matlock men survived and served under Forrest during the Civil War. Forrest had success as a businessman, planter and slaveholder. He acquired several cotton plantations in the Delta region of West Tennessee, and became a slave trader at a time when demand for slaves was booming in the Deep South; his slave trading business was based on Adams Street in Memphis.Hurst 1993, p. 57 In 1858, Forrest was elected a Memphis city alderman as a Democrat and served two consecutive terms.
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He married Rebecca Cameron, the daughter of another prominent university supporter and North Carolina's largest slaveholder, Paul Cameron. In 1870-1871, he helped other Conservatives impeach and convict Republican governor W. W. Holden for using the militia to stop Ku Klux Klan violence. He served as a trustee of the university from 1876 until his death in 1928. Stacy Stacy Residence Hall Stacy residence hall, built in 1938, is located on Country Club Rd. Stacy is co-e and hosts about 90 residents on three floors.
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Socrates points out to the slaveholder that "governing well" cannot be a virtue of a slave, because then he would not be a slave.Plato, Meno, 73c–d One of the errors that Socrates points out is that Meno lists many particular virtues without defining a common feature inherent to virtues which makes them thus. Socrates remarks that Meno makes many out of one, like somebody who breaks a plate.Plato, Meno, 77a Meno proposes that virtue is the desire for good things and the power to get them.
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The first Chief Justice was the West Indian born lawyer and former slaveholder Sir Archibald Burt. Initially, in line with the British colonial policy of the time, the Chief Justices were appointed by the Colonial Office from outside the colony. It was not until 1901 that Western Australia had its first Western Australian born Chief Justice. By convention, the Chief Justice is usually also lieutenant governor, serving as deputy to the Governor of Western Australia and acting in the position in the governor's absence.
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Mercer County, Kentucky Born to an affluent Irish Episcopalian slaveholder of the same name in Danville, Kentucky, James G. Birney lost his mother, Martha Reed, aged three. He and his sister were raised by their widowed aunt, who had come over from Ireland at the request of his father to look after the two. He was influenced by his aunt's opposition to slavery; she refused to own slaves. By 1795, his father's two sisters and their families had migrated from Ireland, settling on farms near his home.
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New York: Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 161. . Wanting to control its own territory and solve its perceived problems, the Maryland State Colonization Society founded the Republic of Maryland in West Africa, a short-lived independent state. In 1857 it was annexed by Liberia. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, planter, signer of the American Declaration of Independence, and president of the MSCS in 1828 The society was founded in 1827, and its first president was the wealthy Maryland Catholic planter Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who was a substantial slaveholder.
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When the agent for the slaveholder requested a new warrant, the spectators—mostly African-American women—rioted in the courtroom and rescued Small and Bates. The incident was one of several slave rescue efforts that took place in Boston. Controversy over the fate of George Latimer led to the passage of the 1843 Liberty Act, which prohibited the arrest of fugitive slaves in Massachusetts. Abolitionists rose to the defense of Ellen and William Craft in 1850, Shadrach Minkins in 1851, and Anthony Burns in 1854.
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7 June 2012. The practice of obeah with regards to healing led to the Jamaican 18th and 19th century traditions of "doctresses", such as Grace Donne, who nursed her lover, Simon Taylor (sugar planter), Sarah Adams, Cubah Cornwallis and Mary Seacole and her mother. These doctresses practised the use of hygiene and the applications of herbs decades before they were adopted by European doctors and nurses.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 88-9.
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Dessalines won a string of victories against Leclerc and Rochambeau, becoming arguably the most successful military commander in the struggle against Napoleonic France.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), p. 182. Napoleon then turned his attention towards France's European enemies such as Great Britain and Prussia. With that, he withdrew a majority of the French forces in Haiti to counter the possibility of an invasion from Prussia, Britain, and Spain on a weakened France.
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William Macomb (c. 1751 – April 16, 1796) was a British colonial merchant and fur trader in the Detroit, Michigan area before and after the American Revolutionary War, who got his start as a young man in the colony of New York. He was a brother of Alexander Macomb, and the two were partners in Detroit. After the war, Macomb was elected as a member of the first parliament of Upper Canada in 1792, and he was the largest slaveholder in the area of Michigan at the time of his death.
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Concerning Jefferson and race, author Annette Gordon-Reed stated the following: > Of all the Founding Fathers, it was Thomas Jefferson for whom the issue of > race loomed largest. In the roles of slaveholder, public official and family > man, the relationship between blacks and whites was something he thought > about, wrote about and grappled with from his cradle to his grave.Annette > Gordon-Reed, "Thomas Jefferson: Was the Sage a Hypocrite?", cover story, > TIME, 4 July 2004, accessed 23 February 2012 Paul Finkelman states that Jefferson believed that Blacks lacked basic human emotions.
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He initially supported General Winfield Scott but really wanted to defeat Kentucky Senator Henry Clay, a slaveholder who he felt could not carry New York State. Fillmore did not attend the convention but was gratified when it nominated General William Henry Harrison for president, with former Virginia Senator John Tyler his running mate. Fillmore organized Western New York for the Harrison campaign, and the national ticket was elected, and Fillmore easily gained a fourth term in the House. At the urging of Clay, Harrison quickly called a special session of Congress.
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Many white people considered this preferable to emancipation in the United States. Henry Clay, one of the founders and a prominent slaveholder politician from Kentucky, said that blacks faced > unconquerable prejudice resulting from their color, they never could > amalgamate with the free whites of this country. It was desirable, > therefore, as it respected them, and the residue of the population of the > country, to drain them off. Deportation would also be a way to prevent reprisals against former slaveholders and white people in general, as had occurred in the 1804 Haiti massacre.
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Abraham Clark (February 15, 1726 – September 15, 1794) was an American politician, slaveholder, and Revolutionary War figure. He was delegate for New Jersey to the Continental Congress where he signed the Declaration of Independence and later served in the United States House of Representatives in both the Second and Third United States Congress, from March 4, 1791, until his death in 1794. Abraham was born in Elizabethtown in the Province of New Jersey. His father, Thomas Clark, realized that he had a natural grasp for math so he hired a tutor to teach Abraham surveying.
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Van Zandt (1847). The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 -- passed overwhelmingly by Congress and signed into law by Washington -- established the legal mechanism by which a slaveholder could recover his property. The Act made it a federal crime to assist an escaped slave or to interfere with his capture, and allowed slave- catchers into every U.S. state and territory.Finkelman, An Imperfect Union: Slavery, Federalism, and Comity Following Washington's death, Judge Staines probably felt secure in New Hampshire, as no one else in her family was likely to mount an effort to take her.
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Maurice Garland Fulton was born on December 3, 1877, in Lafayette County, Mississippi. His father, Robert Burwell Fulton, served as the seventh chancellor of the University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi. His maternal grandfather, Landon Garland, was a slaveholder who served as the second president of Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia from 1836 to 1846, the third president of the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama from 1855 to 1865, and the first chancellor of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1875 to 1893. Fulton had three brothers and a sister.
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The other extensive opinion in the case was by Judge Spencer Roane, who contrasted the presumption of freedom for Indians, as well as condemned Hudgins for failing to introduce evidence of any black ancestry of those seeking their freedom. Thus, all the appellate judges held that the two- decades old Declaration of Rights did not apply to blacks. Although Tucker (a slaveholder) rejected this judicial route to freedom, he had written in favor of [emancipation] and continued to fight for emancipation in other political venues.Cover (1975/1984), Justice Accused, p. 54.
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Throughout his political career, Upshur was a slaveholder, as well as stalwart conservative and advocate for states' rights. Upshur again won election in 1829, this time as one of the four delegates representing Mathews, Middlesex, Accomac, Northampton and Gloucester Counties in the Virginia State Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830, where he served alongside Thomas R. Joynes, Thomas M. Bayley and William K. Perrin (replacing the deceased Calvin Read).Leonard p. 354 At the convention, Upshur represented eastern slaveholders and became the man who spoke the most against democratic reforms.
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Major Samuel Hollingsworth Stout (March 3, 1822 – September 18, 1903) was an American farmer, slaveholder, teacher and surgeon. In the Antebellum Era, he was the owner of a farm with slaves in Giles County, Tennessee. During the American Civil War, he was a surgeon to the Army of Tennessee and later in charge of sixty hospitals for the Confederate States Army in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. He later taught at the Atlanta Medical College (now known as the Emory University School of Medicine), and he practised medicine in Texas.
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Stirling is named after Edward Stirling. He was the illegitimate son of Archibald Stirling, a former slaveholder in the British West Indies, and a Creole woman. He was able to travel to South Australia because of a financial gift from his father who had been freshly compensated for his slaves on the emancipation of slavery. Founded in 1888, Stirling grew rapidly as a result of the expansion of apple growing and market gardening to satisfy the demand of the expanding city of Adelaide, whose centre is only 15 kilometres from Stirling.
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The fall of Môle-Saint-Nicolas marked the end of the Haitian Revolution and the final destruction of the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Although vestigial French forces remained in Spanish San Domingo, they were too few and too weak to make any impression on the forces of Dessalines which now controlled the western half of the island. In the process, Dessalines became arguably the most successful military commander in the struggle against Napoleonic France.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of REvolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), p. 182.
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Washington was born on November 10, 1851 on his family tobacco plantation, Wessyngton, near Cedar Hill, Tennessee in Robertson County. His father, George Augustine Washington, was a planter and major slaveholder, a director of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, and a member of the Tennessee General Assembly from 1873 to 1875. Washington received his early instruction at home and graduated from Georgetown College in Washington, D.C. on June 26, 1873. He studied law with the first law class organized at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1874.
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He wrote the preamble to the state constitution—an honor that later influenced his fight against the radical Missouri Constitution of 1865. He next was appointed as the new state's Attorney General. He became a prominent member of the Whig Party during the 1840s, where his political philosophy closely resembled that of Henry Clay. While a slaveholder, during this time, Bates became interested in the case of the slave Polly Berry, who in 1843 gained her freedom decades after having been held illegally in the free state of Illinois for several months.
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The city was a developing center of trade, located on the Mississippi in the central part of the eastern border of the state. Writing in The Saint Cloud Visiter, Swisshelm waged a private war against Sylvanus Lowry, a Southern slaveholder and Indian trader who had settled in the area in 1847. Politically influential, he had been elected to the Territorial Council, and as the city's first mayor in 1856."Sylvanus Lowry", Minnesota Legislators Past and Present, accessed 4 July 2012 By then he reigned as Saint Cloud's Democratic political boss.
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Charles graduated from UNC in 1814 and served as a trustee from 1821–1849 and 1850–1868, gaining a reputation as a supporter of public education and public works. Charles was also a lawyer, politician, slaveholder, and Governor of North Carolina from 1849 to 1851. Matthias Manly, class of 1824, was a well- known judge in North Carolina and a trustee of the University from 1874 until 1881. Ruffin Ruffin Residence Hall Ruffin residence hall, built in 1922, is located on Emerson Dr. Ruffin is co-ed and hosts about 90 residents on four floors.
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Born in Mosman Park, Western Australia, Burt's great-grandfather, Sir Archibald Burt, was Chief Justice of Western Australia from 1861 to 1879, while his grandfather, The Honourable Septimus Burt, was Attorney-General and Agent-General when responsible government was granted to Western Australia in December 1890. Archibald Burt had been a slaveholder in the West Indies. Burt was educated at Guildford Grammar School and later studied law at the University of Western Australia. During the Second World War he served in the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force.
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The narrative features two families: Clarence Garie, a wealthy white planter and slaveholder in Georgia, and his common-law wife Emily, his mulatto slave mistress; in contrast to a free working-class black family in Philadelphia, headed by Charles and Ellen Ellis. The Garies are prohibited from marrying by state law but have a loving relationship and two children, Clarence and Emily. Because their mother is a slave, the children are legally slaves, although their father and master is raising them as his own. Both children look white.
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Pierce Butler, a major slaveholder who lost numerous slaves during the war who escaped to the British, included a constitutional clause for the return of fugitive slaves. The federal, and Federalist-leaning, Constitution was ratified by the state in May 1788. The new state constitution was ratified in 1790 without the support of the Upcountry. The Lowcountry elite, who had only a quarter of the state's white inhabitants, still ruled the state as they controlled three-quarters of South Carolina's wealth, much of it in enslaved African Americans.
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At the expiration of his term, the Whig party considered nominating Dixon for governor, but instead chose the more experienced John J. Crittenden, who defeated Dixon's former law partner, Lazarus Powell. The voters of Henderson County chose Dixon to represent them at the state constitutional convention of 1849. The Whigs nominated him to chair the convention, but he lost to the Democratic nominee James Guthrie by a vote of 50 to 43. A large slaveholder, Dixon introduced numerous measures to protect the rights of slaveholders in the new constitution.
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Kachun, "From Forgotten Founder to Indispensable Icon" The word for "deer" in the Narragansett language is "Attuck."Roger Williams, A key into the language of America p.106 (London: Gregory Dexter, 1643) Kachun also noted a possible connection to a probable Natick woman and possible Attucks mother or relative named Nanny Peterattucks, who is described as a 'negro woman' in the 1747 estate inventory of Framingham slaveholder Joseph Buckminster and, along with Jacob Peterattucks, as 'probable descendant of John Attuck, the Indian' in an 1847 history of Framingham.Kachun, "From Forgotten Founder to Indispensable Icon" p.
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Although a slaveholder, Baxter opposed secession during the sectional crisis that swept the South in the wake of the election of Abraham Lincoln in November 1860. In an article entitled, "What Shall the South Do?", which was published in the November 24, 1860, edition of the Knoxville Whig, Baxter called for a convention of delegates from all Southern states, believing it would provide an opportunity to calm the secession fervor in the lower South. In February 1861, Baxter was one of Knox County's pro-Union candidates for a proposed statewide convention to consider secession.
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The mystery of his journey after escaping Mount Vernon seems to have been solved in 2019.Liana Teixeira, "Centuries-old Mystery Solved by Westport Historical Society," Associated Press, May 16, 2019. Genealogist Sara Krasne, searching records at the Westport Historical Society in Massachusetts, found a Hercules Posey, born in Virginia, who died of consumption on May 15, 1812, age 64, and was buried in the Second African Burying Ground in New York City. John Posey was the Virginia slaveholder who mortgaged Hercules to George Washington in 1767, and later defaulted on the loan.
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The Territory's general assembly convened in 1810, and its anti-slavery faction immediately repealed the indenturing laws enacted in 1803 and in 1805. After 1809, Harrison's political authority declined as the Indiana territorial legislature assumed more authority and the territory advanced toward statehood. By 1812, he had moved away and resumed his military career. Jefferson was the primary author of the Northwest Ordinance, and he had made a secret compact with James Lemen to defeat the pro-slavery movement led by Harrison, even though he was a slaveholder himself.
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John Dabney Terrell Sr. (October 14, 1775 – May 10, 1850), surveyor, planter, and politician in Alabama, was born to a planter family in Bedford County, Virginia, and died in Marion County, Alabama. He moved to the region about 1814, well before Indian Removal beginning in the 1830s, and served as the United States Indian Agent to the Chickasaw under two presidents. He developed a plantation and was a slaveholder. He became active in territorial and state politics, serving as a state senator and also as a state representative.
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Although a slaveholder, Botts vehemently opposed extension of slavery into territories, and blamed Democrat John C. Calhoun for increasing sectional animosities by trying to annex Texas . On July 18, 1842, Botts introduced a resolution that levied several charges against the President and called for a nine-member committee to investigate his behavior, with the expectation of a formal impeachment recommendation. The Botts bill, however, was tabled until the following January, when it was rejected after Botts' defeat for re-election, 127−83.Chitwood, p. 303; Seager, p. 169.
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Edward emigrated to South Australia around 1840 with his cousin Charles Stirling. He came to South Australia after receiving £1000 from his father, Archibald, who had been a slaveholder on four estates in Jamaica. Edward Stirling was the illegitimate son of Archibald and a Creole woman possibly named Jeanne. He married Harriett Taylor in 1847; they settled at Strathalbyn, South Australia, and at their home "The Lodge", their eldest son Edward Charles Stirling was born.Hans Mincham, 'Stirling, Edward (1804–1873)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 6, Melbourne University Press, 1976, pp 200–201.
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Smoot's southern ancestors were slaveholders, and Smoot later became a slaveholder in the Utah territory. However, as a Latter-day Saint missionary, he actively supported Joseph Smith's presidential platform, which called for the gradual elimination of slavery. On a mission to Tennessee, Smoot tried to have 3,000 copies of Smith's presidential platform printed, but the printer refused, since it was illegal to distribute abolitionist literature in the state. While proselyting with Wilford Woodruff in July 1836, Smoot read the April issue of the Messenger and Advocate to refute accusations of their being abolitionists.
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Wheeler locked Johnson and her sons in a hotel room while he and his family took the afternoon to tour the city. Pennsylvania had begun an abolition of slavery in 1780, completed in 1847, and did not recognize the property rights of any slaveholder. Johnson sought help from a hotel porter in escaping to freedom. The porter contacted abolitionist William Still, the son of former slaves, and Still and lawyer Passmore Williamson rushed to the docks as the 5:00 pm ferry was about to depart for Camden, New Jersey.
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Charles D. Anderson was born in 1827 near Stone Mountain, located in DeKalb County, Georgia. He was a son of William Robert Anderson, a farmer and son of an American Revolution officer, and of Annie Coker. Charles Anderson made his home in Fort Valley in Houston County, where he engaged in planting, worked as a cotton merchant, and was a slaveholder. From 1857 to 1858 Anderson served as a justice of the court in Houston County, and prior to the American Civil War he served as mayor of Fort Valley, Georgia.
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Mathews was a slaveholder from Kentucky, as evidenced by the baptismal records of the Osage Mission.Burns' Osage Baptisms cites at least two slaves that were noted by the Jesuits as belonging to John Mathews. Before the Civil War, Mathews was involved in driving off settlers from the adjacent Cherokee Neutral Lands and in stirring Southern sympathies among Native Americans living on the frontier. Early in the spring of 1861, Mathews was commissioned a captain in the Confederate Army and given orders to organize a company of soldiers from among sympathetic Native Americans, specifically, the Quapaw.
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The family or the sheriff believed he was poisoned by slaves, and three were charged in the case and convicted by justices of the Commission of Peace. Unusually, only one slave was executed; Dido and Turk, owned by the widow Frances Taylor Madison, were returned to her to serve as laborers after being punished by whipping.Chambers, Douglas B., Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia, Oxford, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2005, pp. 5-9 James was tutored and trained to be a planter and slaveholder, and member of the landed gentry.
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438: "Clay lost every state in the Deep South… but manage to hang on to the five states Harrison had captured in 1840… in the Border and Middle South." Clay's "waffling" on Texas may have cost him the 41 electoral votes of New York and Michigan. The former slaveholder, now abolitionist, James Birney of the Liberty Party, received 15,812 and 3,632 votes, respectively, on the basis of his unwavering stand against Texas annexation. Polk won by a mere 5,106 out of 470,062 cast in New York, and only 3,422 out of 52,096 votes in Michigan.
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The campaign was fought without much enthusiasm, and practically without an issue. Neither of the two great parties made an effort to rally the people to the defense of any important principle. Whig campaigners, who included Abraham Lincoln and Rutherford B. Hayes, talked up Taylor's "antiparty" opposition to the Jacksonian commitment to the spoils system and yellow-dog partisanship. In the South, they stressed that he was a Louisiana slaveholder, while in the North they highlighted his Whiggish willingness to defer to Congress on major issues (which he subsequently did not do).
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On September 20, 1830, James Brown, former US Minister to France and US Senator from Louisiana, and Stephen Duncan, an extremely wealthy planter and slaveholder from Pennsylvania and Mississippi, purchased for the settlement. With the land secured, the colonists turned to clearing land and building structures. In 1831 they named the settlement as "Wilberforce," in honour of William Wilberforce, the prominent British abolitionist. Leading the fight against the British slave trade, he helped gain passage of the 1807 Act that abolished the slave trade throughout the British Empire.
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Engraving of Fillmore President Polk had pledged not to seek a second term, and with gains in Congress during the 1846 election cycle, the Whigs were hopeful of taking the White House in 1848. The party's perennial candidates, Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, both wanted the nomination and amassed support from congressional colleagues. Many rank-and-file Whigs backed the Mexican War hero, General Zachary Taylor, for president. Although Taylor was extremely popular, many Northerners had qualms about electing a Louisiana slaveholder at a time of sectional tension over whether slavery was allowed in the territories that had been ceded by Mexico.
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Bayard was an owner of slaves and slave ships throughout much of his adult life. According to Alan J. Singer, he > was the mayor of New York City under the English from 1685 to 1686 and a > nephew of Dutch colonial superintendent Peter Stuyvesant, the largest > private slaveholder in the Dutch colony. Samuel was a member of the colonial > assembly and related through marriage to the prominent slaveholding Van > Cortlandt, Van Rensselaer, and Schuyler families. Nicholas and then Samuel > owned and operated sugar mills processing slave-produced commodities in the > city. The Bayard’s owned stakes in at least eight slave-trading ships.
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In 1777, Dickinson, Delaware's wealthiest farmer and largest slaveholder, decided to free his slaves. While Kent County was not a large slave-holding area, like farther south in Virginia, and even though Dickinson had only 37 slaves, this was an action of some considerable courage. Undoubtedly, the strongly abolitionist Quaker influences around them had their effect, and the action was all the easier because his farm had moved away from tobacco to the less labor-intensive crops like wheat and barley. Furthermore, manumission was a multi-year process and many of the workers remained obligated to service for a considerable additional time.
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During the "Georgia Test Case" of 1844, the Georgia State Convention proposed that the slaveholder Elder James E. Reeve be appointed as a missionary. The Foreign Mission Board refused to approve his appointment, recognizing the case as a challenge and not wanting to overturn their policy of neutrality on the slavery issue. They stated that slavery should not be introduced as a factor into deliberations about missionary appointments. In 1844, Basil Manly Sr., president of the University of Alabama, a prominent preacher and a major planter who owned 40 slaves, drafted the "Alabama Resolutions" and presented them to the Triennial Convention.
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New York: Haworth Press, 1981. Hammond's Secret and Sacred Diaries (not published until 1989) reveal that his sexual appetites were varied. He described, without embarrassment, his "familiarities and dalliances"Rosellen Brown, "MONSTER OF ALL HE SURVEYED": Review of SECRET AND SACRED The Diaries of James Henry Hammond, a Southern Slaveholder, Edited by Carol Bleser. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, accessed 7 November 2013 over two years with four teenage nieces, daughters of his sister-in-law Ann Fitzsimmons and her husband Wade Hampton II.Drew Gilpin Faust, James Henry Hammond and the Old South, Louisiana State University Press, pp.
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In September 1806, he is given as a present to the newly wedded daughter of his owner and has to relocate to Georgia to a new plantation. Shortly afterwards, after the sudden death of the new husband, the new plantation, together with the slaves, including him, is rent out to yet another slaveholder, with whom he builds up a relationship of mutual trust. He becomes the headman on the new plantation, but suffers from the hatred of his master's wife. In 1809, when his dying master is already too weak to interfere, he is cruelly whipped by that woman and her brother.
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Nathaniel Keen was arrested and charged with the murder of Rachel on or about May 1, 1695 with the trial being held on May 16, 1695. "Superior Court held at Kittery for York County, present Thomas Danforth, Elisha Cook, and Samuel Sewall, justices." Sewall was a strong advocate for the rights of slaves. "Sewall, who was probably a slaveholder himself, had first felt misgivings about the practice one day in June 1700…" Sewall went as far as to argue in his book The Selling of Joseph, published in 1700, that New England should do away with the practice of slavery.
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Henry Darnall was born in England in 1645, the son of Philip Darnall, a London barrister, and Mary Breton, daughter of Sir Henry Breton. Darnall was the first of his family to emigrate to America, and arrived in Maryland by c.1680, when he was granted a tract of 236 acres in what was then Calvert County.TRACTS LAYED OUT IN CALVERT COUNTY PRIOR TO APRIL 23, 1696, BEFORE THE FORMATION OF PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY In Maryland he became a substantial landholder and slaveholder, and married Eleanor Hatton Brooke (1642–1725), the widow of Thomas Brooke, Sr., who had died in 1676.
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He resided in the "Great Pine Woods", Avoyelles, Red River Parish, Louisiana, and he ran a farm there. At the same year, Ezra Bennett, a Bayou Boeuf storekeeper and planter, lived near the plantation of Prince Ford and gave him instructions to his factors. After selling Northup to another slaveholder, Ford in 1843 converted, with most of his Baptist congregation, to the Churches of Christ, to which Ford had become influenced by the writings of Alexander Campbell. Campbell visited the congregation in 1857, at which time Campbell was favorably impressed by the fellowship practiced between blacks and whites in the congregation.
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Báez was born in Rincón (now Cabral) in the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, he was raised in his father's hometown Azua. Báez was the son of Pablo Altagracia Báez and Teresa de Jesús Méndez. His father Pablo, a wealthy merchant from Azua, was left in an orphanage when he was born, as he was the result of an extramarital affair between a married Spanish woman and the priest Antonio Sánchez-Valverde. Pablo was raised by a French silversmith (a factor that generated a deep francophilia in both Pablo and Buenaventura) known as Monsieur Capellier, and became a wealthy businessman, slaveholder and politician.
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The Convention met in Alexandria's U.S. District Court Room from February 13 - April 11, 1864, and elected LeRoy G. Edwards, a slaveholder with three sons in the Confederacy as its presiding officer. Debate ensued over whether to seek to disenfranchise all supporters of the rebellion, but with an eye to governing after cessation of hostilities, it limited disenfranchisement only to those who had held office in rebel state or Confederate governments.Alexandria Gazette, vol. 65, No.68 and 71, 21 and 24 March 1864 @ Virginia Chronicle, Library of Virginia and "Virginia Convention of 1864" online at encyclopediavirginia.
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Troup was a co- founder in 1785 of the New York Manumission Society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery in New York, and protection of the rights of free black people. Despite being a slaveholder himself, Troup presided at the first meeting of the Society. Together with Hamilton, who joined the Society at its second meeting, Troup led an unsuccessful effort to adopt a rule requiring members of the Society to free any slaves that they themselves owned. In the absence of such a resolution, Troup himself waited to manumit his slaves, freeing four between 1802 and 1814.
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It was also noted that Dunmore himself was a slaveholder. On December 4, the Continental Congress recommended to Virginian colonists that they resist Dunmore "to the uttermost..." On December 13, the Virginia Convention responded in kind with a proclamation of its own, declaring that any slaves who returned to their masters within ten days would be pardoned, but those who did not would be 'hanged without the benefit of clergy.' Estimates of the number of slaves that reached Dunmore vary, but generally range between 800 and 2,000. The escaped slaves Dunmore accepted were enlisted into what was known as Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment.
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A slave who killed another slave was sentenced to death, but they could also be given to the owner of the dead slave. A freeman killing a slave was also liable for death penalty and a boyar was not allowed to kill his own slaves, but no such sentencing is attested. It is, however, believed that such killings did occur in significant numbers.Ştefănescu, p.43 The Orthodox Church, itself a major slaveholder, did not contest the institution of slavery,Achim (2004), p.97; Djuvara, p.270-271 although among the early advocates of the abolition was Eufrosin Poteca, a priest.Achim (2004), p.
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Grouseland, Territorial Governor's Mansion of William Henry Harrison in Vincennes, Indiana. Slavery in Indiana occurred between the time of French rule during the late seventeenth century and 1826, with a few traces of slavery afterward. When the United States first forcibly removed the Native Americans from the region, slavery was accepted as a necessity to keep peace with the Indians and the French. When the Indiana Territory was established in 1800, William Henry Harrison, a former slaveholder, was appointed governor and slavery continued to be tolerated through a series of laws enacted by the appointed legislature.
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Both Mary and John Grimké were strong advocates of the traditional, upper-class, Southern values that permeated their rank of Charleston society. Mary would not permit the girls to socialize outside the prescribed elite social circles, and John remained a slaveholder his entire life. Nicknamed “Nina,” young Angelina Grimké was very close to her older sister Sarah Moore Grimké, who, at the age of 13, persuaded her parents to allow her to be Angelina's godmother. The two sisters maintained an intimate relationship throughout their lives, and lived together for most of their lives, albeit with several short periods of separation.
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Still, West Indian planters exerted their influence in the House of Commons, and by the 1780s it was estimated that as many as 74 MPs were absentee planters or had connections with the slave colonies of the British West Indies.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 95-6. The society started with a predominantly Jamaican leadership, but as emancipation approached, by the 1830s the leadership came to include a broader ranger of planter interests from across the British Caribbean. The society evolved into the West India Committee.
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Albert Gallatin Jenkins (November 10, 1830 - May 21, 1864) was a Virginia attorney, planter, slaveholder, politician and soldier from what would become West Virginia during the American Civil War. He served in the United States Congress and later the First Confederate Congress. After Virginia's secession, Jenkins raised a company of partisan rangers and rose to become a Confederate brigadier general, commanding of a brigade of cavalry. Wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg and again during the Confederate loss at the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (during which he was captured), Jenkins died days after his arm was amputated by Union surgeons.
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Street view of Moncks Corner, 1904 The town of Moncks Corner dates back to 1728 and is named for landowner Thomas Monck, a slaveholder who branded his slaves on their chest with his name "T Monck." The town began as a trading post with a few taverns and stores. The Battle of Monck's Corner was fought here in 1780, associated with the Siege of Charleston. The Northeastern Railroad, which ran between Charleston, South Carolina, and Siler City, North Carolina, laid its tracks in 1856, and the train depot became the center of the new town of Moncks Corner.
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He was actively involved in politics during Reconstruction; he served as a lieutenant colonel in the South Carolina State Militia, town postmaster, and elected member of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1872-1876). While in the legislature, Simkins was admitted to and studied at the University of South Carolina, from which he graduated in 1876. In that election, former slaveholder and Confederate loyalist Wade Hampton III narrowly won the governorship, largely due to fraud and intimidation. Afterward, Simkins focused his efforts on building his church and organizing the Knights of Pythias fraternal organization in Edgefield.
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The Proffit Historic District is a national historic district located at Proffit, Albemarle County, Virginia. It encompasses 26 contributing buildings and 3 contributing sites in the historic center of Proffit. Notable buildings and sites includes Evergreen Baptist Church, the Proffit Station Master's House, remains of the first Proffit Post Office, the Proffit Road Bridge, and several houses built by African-American families as far back as the 1880s., Accompanying photo, and Accompanying map Proffit's history dates back to the 1870s when two former slaves, John Coles and Benjamin Brown, purchased some land from former slaveholder W.G. Carr.
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The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred on April 19, 1861 in Baltimore involving Massachusetts troops who were fired on by civilians while marching between railroad stations. After that, Baltimore Mayor George William Brown, Marshal George P. Kane, and former Governor Enoch Louis Lowe requested that Maryland Governor Thomas H. Hicks, a slaveholder from the Eastern Shore, burn the railroad bridges and cut the telegraph lines leading to Baltimore to prevent further troops from entering the state. Hicks reportedly approved this proposal. These actions were addressed in the famous federal court case of Ex parte Merryman.
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He studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in Percivals, Virginia. By 1830, his household included five white persons and 25 enslaved persons.1830 U.S. Federal Census, St. Andrews Parish, Brunswick, Virginia; no record of him appears in the 1820 census, unless he was the householder and slaveholder in Cumberland, Kentucky that year, or possibly because of digital misindexing. His uncle Thomas Gholson Jr. who died in 1816 had represented Brunswick County in the Virginia General Assembly and later the U.S. House of Representatives, and James Herbert Gholson soon carried on the family tradition.
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Passing has been described as "the tragic story of a beautiful light-skinned mulatto passing for white in high society." The tragic mulatto (also "mulatta" when referring to a woman) is a stock character in early African-American literature. Such accounts often featured the light- skinned offspring of a white slaveholder and his black slave, whose mixed heritage in a race-based society means that she is unable to identify or find a place with either blacks or whites. The resulting feeling of exclusion was portrayed as variably manifested in self-loathing, depression, alcoholism, sexual perversion, and attempts at suicide.
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Frederick Grimke was born in Charleston, South Carolina, a son of John Faucheraud Grimké, a Revolutionary War hero and jurist in that state, and a major slaveholder. Frederick would later drop the accent from this last name. His siblings included the Grimké sisters, whose antislavery views he did not share, the attorney Thomas Smith Grimké, and Henry W. Grimké, father of the African-American leaders Archibald Grimké and Francis J. Grimké. Frederick graduated from Yale University at age 19, studied law in South Carolina, and practiced in that state before moving to Chillicothe, Ohio in 1818.
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Richard Sprigg Steuart (1797–1876) was a Maryland physician and an early pioneer of the treatment of mental illness. In 1842 he inherited his uncle's 1600-acre plantation and 150 slaves, becoming a major planter and slaveholder in the state, and giving up his general medical practice. Steuart was instrumental in the expansion and modernisation of The Maryland Hospital for the Insane, today known as the Spring Grove Hospital Center. The expansion of the hospital, which Steuart considered his life's work, was authorized by the Maryland legislature in the 1850s and completed after the end of the Civil War.
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Pierce Mease Butler and his wife, Frances Kemble Butler, 1855 The Great Slave Auction (also called The Weeping Time) was a March 2 and 3, 1859 sale of enslaved Africans held at Ten Broeck Race Course, near Savannah, Georgia. Slaveholder and absentee plantation owner Pierce Mease Butler authorized the sale of approximately 436 men, women, children, and infants to be sold over the course of two days. The sale's proceeds went to satisfy Butler's significant debts, much of it from gambling. The auction is regarded as the largest single sale of enslaved people in U.S. history.
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Committee members Lewis Hayden, Reverend Thomas Wentworth Higginson, and John Murray Spear, along with the Reverend Leonard A. Grimes, planned to place mattresses under Sims's cell window so he could jump out and make his getaway in a horse and chaise, but the sheriff barred the window before they could act.Siebert (1952), p. 32. The federal government sent U.S. Marines to march Sims down the streets of Boston, to be taken away on a warship and transferred back to Georgia. Sims was sold to a new slaveholder in Mississippi, but escaped in 1863 and returned to Boston.
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"Hughes (Hemings)", Getting Word, Monticello Foundation, accessed 26 May 2013 Two major exhibitions opening in 2012 addressed slavery at Monticello: the Smithsonian collaborated with Monticello in Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty, held in Washington, D.C. It addresses Jefferson as slaveholder and traces the lives of six major slave families, including Hemings and Granger, and their descendants who worked in the household. At Monticello, an outdoor exhibit was installed to represent slave life. The Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello makes use of archeological and other research to establish the outlines of cabins for domestic slaves and other outbuildings near the mansion. Field slaves were held elsewhere.
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Debate over the status of slavery in the Mexican Cession dominated the political agenda and led to threats of secession from Southerners. Despite being a Southerner and a slaveholder himself, Taylor did not push for the expansion of slavery, and sought sectional harmony above all other concerns. To avoid the issue of slavery, he urged settlers in New Mexico and California to bypass the territorial stage and draft constitutions for statehood, setting the stage for the Compromise of 1850. Taylor died suddenly of a stomach disease on July 9, 1850, with his administration having accomplished little aside from the ratification of the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty.
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Amidst this, he fell into "periods of neurotic depression with moments of panic" and took a six-month leave of absence from Harvard to attend a health spa in the former Marienberg Benedictine Convent at Boppard in Germany. After returning, he published the play The Spanish Student in 1842, reflecting his memories from his time in Spain in the 1820s. Fanny Appleton Longfellow, with sons Charles and Ernest, circa 1849 The small collection Poems on Slavery was published in 1842 as Longfellow's first public support of abolitionism. However, as Longfellow himself wrote, the poems were "so mild that even a Slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite for breakfast".
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Following the death of Hugh Lawson White in 1840, Bell became the acknowledged leader of Tennessee's Whigs. Although a slaveholder, Bell was one of the few Southern politicians to oppose the expansion of slavery in the 1850s, and he campaigned vigorously against secession in the years leading up to the American Civil War. During his 1860 presidential campaign, he argued that secession was unnecessary since the Constitution protected slavery, an argument that resonated with voters in border states, helping him capture the electoral votes of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. After the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Bell abandoned the Union cause and supported the Confederacy.
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Described as a "groundbreaking exhibit", it was the first on the national Mall to address Jefferson as slaveholder and the family lives of slaves at Monticello. Jacqueline Trescott, "Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty", The Washington Post, January 27, 2012, accessed April 21, 2012 Members and descendants of six families, including the Hemings, were documented and the strength of the enslaved families was shown. The exhibit also noted that "evidence strongly support[s] the conclusion that Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings' children."Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty, January 27, 2012 – October 14, 2012, Smithsonian Institution, accessed March 23, 2012.
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He was brought to America illegally, since the legal importation of slaves ended in 1808. The Old Slave Mart, Charleston, South Carolina After his arrival at the port of Charleston, South Carolina, he was purchased by a slaveholder, brought to Pendleton County, Kentucky and sold about six months later to a man named Bradley, from whom he took his name. He was enslaved with Mr. Bradley's family in Pendleton County. Although Bradley wrote that his owner was considered a kind master because he was not beaten and had enough to eat, Bradley stated that he was kicked and thrown around as a young child.
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The maps contained within the project are, in fact, one decidedly interactive map for the years 1837-1845 which displays slave and slaveholder population statistics of the counties of Texas as well as various layers of data such as U.S. borders, regional rivers, a moveable timeline, and graphs displaying the rate of change in the population data. The information on the map can also be animated to see how the trends change over time. An additional feature graphs the information contained on the map and allows users to control the contents of the graph. The map and graph are in turn linked directly to the information in the database.
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Hermann, Missouri, a town on the Missouri River founded in the 1830s and incorporated in 1845, was also named for Arminius. Following the rise of Nazi Germany, fueled by aggressive German nationalism, and its subsequent defeat in World War II, Arminius became a lesser-known figure among West Germans and many schools shunned away from teaching his story in any detail due to its previous association with nationalism. There was, however, a somewhat different perception in East Germany. In East Germany, Arminius, based on a Marxist reading of history, came to be seen as a revolutionary figure of sorts, leading German tribes in a fight against the Roman slaveholder society (Sklavenhaltergesellschaft).
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In 1830, African Americans formed the "Colored Free Produce Society", and women formed their own branch in 1831. In 1838, supporters from a number of states came together in the American Free Produce Association, which promoted their cause by seeking non-slave alternates to products from slaveholders, forming non-slave distribution channels, and publishing a number of pamphlets, tracts, and the journal Non- Slaveholder. The movement did not grow large enough to gain the benefit of the economies of scale, and the cost of "free produce" was always higher than competing goods. The national association disbanded in 1847, but Quakers in Philadelphia continued until 1856.
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He lobbied the Senate to promote Samuel Milroy, whom he owed a favor, to the position of Indian agent. When Lewis Tappan requested presentation of an abolitionist petition to the Senate, Johnson, who was still a slaveholder, declined the request. As presiding officer of the Senate, Johnson was called on to cast a tie-breaking vote fourteen times, more than all of his predecessors save John Adams and John Calhoun. Despite the precedent set by some of his predecessors, Johnson never addressed the Senate on the occasion of a tie-breaking vote; however, on one occasion, he did explain his vote — via an article in the Kentucky Gazette.
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Still and others liberated her and her two sons under Pennsylvania law, which held that slaves brought to the free state voluntarily by a slaveholder could choose freedom. Her master sued him and five other African Americans for assault and kidnapping in a high-profile case in August 1855. Jane Johnson returned to Philadelphia from New York and testified in court as to her independence in choosing freedom, winning an acquittal for Still and four others, and reduced sentences for the last two men. In 1859, Still challenged the segregation of the city's public transit system, which had separate seating for whites and blacks.
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Jackson was labelled a slave trader who bought and sold slaves and moved them about in defiance of higher standards of slaveholder behavior. A series of pamphlets known as the Coffin Handbills were published to attack Jackson, one of which revealed his order to execute soldiers at New Orleans. Another accused him of engaging in cannibalism by eating the bodies of American Indians killed in battle, while still another labeled his mother a "common prostitute" and stated that Jackson's father was a "mulatto man." Rachel Jackson was also a frequent target of attacks, and was widely accused of bigamy, a reference to the controversial situation of her marriage with Jackson.
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Cassells is a recipient of the William Carlos Williams Award. Natasha Trethewey won the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry with her book Native Guard. Lesser-known poets such as Thylias Moss also have been praised for their innovative work. Notable black playwrights include Ntozake Shange, who wrote For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf (1976), Ed Bullins, Suzan-Lori Parks, and the prolific August Wilson, who won two Pulitzer Prizes for his plays. More recently, Edward P. Jones won the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for The Known World (2003), his novel about a black slaveholder in the antebellum South.
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In September 2000, Governor Gray Davis signed State Bill 2199 into law, adding a provision into the California Insurance Code for creation of a Slavery Era Insurance Registry. The bill was created with the intent of preserving historical information regarding slave owners and their slaves in order to provide genealogical research information for slave descendants as well as to preserve possible evidence for potential reparation claims. The bill requires insurance companies to provide the California Department of Insurance with any historical records regarding slaveholder insurance policies issued by any predecessor corporation during the era of slavery. The information collected is to be made available to the public by the Department.
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He was the first son born to Jennie (Rivers) and her husband William Byrd, who had become an adjutant general of the state of Texas, and born in Austin, Travis County, Texas months after the American Civil War had begun.188- U.S. Federal Census for District 45 of Winchester, Frederick County Virginia p. 44 of 52 After the war, his parents returned to Virginia and lived with his grandparents. His grandfather and namesake, also Richard E. Byrd (1801-1872), was a politician and by then former slaveholder (the elder Richard E. Byrd owned 26 enslaved people in Frederick County in 1860; and possibly more in neighboring Clarke County).
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Located in what was at the time the capital city of Georgia, the building was built in 1838 for Colonel Samuel Rockwell of the Georgia Militia. Rockwell, a slaveholder, had previously lived in Maine before moving to Georgia in 1834, and before moving to Milledgeville to practice law, he served as an attorney in Savannah. The architect behind the building's construction was Joseph Lane, who had traveled with Rockwell from Maine to design the building. Rockwell would later serve on the committee that built what is now Central State Hospital in Milledgeville, while Lane would go on to design several buildings on the campus of Oglethorpe University.
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Hicks, although a slaveholder, played an important role in preventing Maryland from seceding in 1861. Like other border states such as Kentucky and Missouri, Maryland had a population divided over politics as war approached, with supporters of both North and South. The western and northern parts of the state, especially those Marylanders of German origin, held fewer slaves and tended to favor remaining in the Union, while the Tidewater Chesapeake Bay area – the three counties referred to as Southern Maryland which lay south of Washington D.C.: Calvert, Charles and St. Mary's – with its slave economy, tended to support the Confederacy if not outright secession.Field, Ron, et al.
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Emancipation was immediately enforced as Union soldiers advanced into the Confederacy. Slaves fled their masters and were often assisted by Union soldiers. Booker T. Washington, as a boy of 9 in Virginia, remembered the day in early 1865: Winslow Homer's 1876 "A Visit from the Old Mistress" depicts a tense meeting between a group of newly freed slaves and their former slaveholder. Smithsonian Museum of American Art Runaway slaves who had escaped to Union lines had previously been held by the Union Army as "contraband of war" under the Confiscation Acts; when the proclamation took effect, they were told at midnight that they were free to leave.
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Stone's loyalty to the Union and position on slavery were more in question than his military abilities and decisions. The committee's questions accused him of improper and frequent communications with the Confederates, of not re-enforcing Baker, of using his men to protect slaveholder property in Maryland, and of returning runaway slaves to their owners--despite the last two of these following Maryland as well as Federal law.Winkler, pp. 47–51 Another problem for Stone defending himself was an order from McClellan forbidding him to give testimony "regarding his [McClellan's] plans, his orders for the movement of troops, or his orders concerning the position of troops."Garrison, pp. 118–20.
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The Dement House, also known as Colonial Acres, is a historic house in Lascassas, Tennessee, U.S.. It was first built as a log cabin by Abner Dement, the son of a French immigrant and slaveholder, in 1817. When Abner was murdered by one of his slaves in 1825, the cabin was inherited by his son John, who lived here with his wife Christine Overall. The couple hired Arch Hite to turn the cabin into a two-story house with a portico designed in the Greek Revival architectural style in 1833. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 25, 1986.
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Snow was a small-scale slaveholder, placing him in a class between a large planter and small farmer or sharecropper. The house was renovated in the 1960s, and was moved in the 1990s from the original address at 704 Snow Street (coordinates:) to the actual location of Peek Drive, just across the Talladega County line, to make way for the expansion of Quintard Mall. See also: The house originally had a single room underneath a gable roof on either side of the breezeway, but as Snow prospered, rooms were added on either side underneath a shed roof. Enclosed stairways lead from the central rooms to the upper floor.
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After her photograph was published, she accompanied Senator Charles Sumner, a leading abolitionist, on a publicity tour. The photo and tour made her famous, and she was compared to fictional character Ida May, the child hero of the then popular novel about a white girl kidnapped into slavery, Ida May: a Story of Things Actual and Possible by Mary Hayden Pike (1854). She was described in the words of a columnist in Frederick Douglass’ Paper as ‘perfectly white, and on that account produces intense excitement. We see daily white fugitives and the cupidity of a slaveholder would suffer him to keep anyone, even his mother, in slavery.
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During the French Revolutionary Wars, French slave-owners massively joined the counter- revolution and, through the Whitehall Accord, they threatened to move the French Caribbean colonies under British control, as Great Britain still allowed slavery. Fearing secession from these islands, successfully lobbied by planters and concerned about revenues from the West Indies, and influenced by the slaveholder family of his wife, Napoleon Bonaparte decided to re-establish slavery after becoming First Consul. He promulgated the law of 20 May 1802 and sent military governors and troops to the colonies to impose it. On 10 May 1802, Colonel Delgrès launched a rebellion in Guadeloupe against Napoleon's representative, General Richepanse.
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That week, Polly Wash filed suit in Circuit Court in St. Louis for Lucy Ann Berry's freedom, as a "next friend" to the minor girl. Since her own case had not been settled, Wash was still considered a slave with no legal standing, but under the slave law, she could bring suit on behalf of a minor as "next friend". The law provided a slave with the status of a "poor person", with court-appointed counsel when the court determined the case had grounds. Delaney's memoir suggests that her mother's attorneys suggested her strategy of filing separate suits for her and her daughter, to prevent a jury's worrying about taking too much property from one slaveholder.
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The slaves are depicted wearing clothing and jewelry which reflect that of their masters. For instance, the female slave on the far left side of the painting is depicted wearing a nice dress, necklaces, earrings, and a headband in the reflection of what the female slaveholder (second from the far left) is wearing: a nice dress, necklace, and headband; this was done to further display the power and wealth of slaveholders. There are four broad categories that show the general divisions among the identities of the slave and ex-slave populations: African-born slaves, African-born ex-slaves, Brazilian-born slaves, and Brazilian-born ex-slaves. Family dining by Jean-Baptiste Debret (1834–1839).
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Traub's play in two acts Lincoln in Louisville, is a dramatization of an actual historical event, Abraham Lincoln's 1842 visit to Louisville, Kentucky, to stay at his close friend Joshua Speed's Farmington plantation where as many as fifty slaves toiled. Lincoln was in a depressed state of mind at the time due to the breakdown of his engagement to Mary Todd, setbacks in his political career, and his separation from Speed, who had recently left Illinois to return to Kentucky. Burdened with these problems, Lincoln had his first encounter with slavery operating all about him, rendering the visit a pivotal moment in his life. Lincoln's friendship with slaveholder Speed changed for the worse, but still their friendship survived.
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However, most slaves were tributary gifts given to the court by foreign states, families of criminals who committed treason against the state, and former private slaves who were either donated to authorities (since this would exempt the former slaveholder from labor obligations) or confiscated by the state if their master had broken a law.Nishijima (1986), 557; Ch'ü (1972), 136-139. In both Western and Eastern Han, arrested criminals became convicts and it was only during the reign of Wang Mang that counterfeiting criminals were made into slaves. figurine of a soldier, dated 2nd century BCE; slaves were expected to defend their masters and sometimes rode into battle alongside them during times of war.
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After Pierce Mease Butler's death, his younger daughter Frances Butler Leigh and her husband James Leigh, a minister, tried to restore to productivity and operate the combined plantations, but were also unsuccessful in generating a profit. They left Georgia in 1877 and moved permanently to England, where Leigh had been born. Frances Butler Leigh defended her father's actions as a slaveholder in her book, Ten Years on a Georgian Plantation since the War (1883), intended as a rebuttal to her mother's critique of slavery from twenty years before. Pierce Mease Butler's elder daughter Sarah Butler Wister married a wealthy Philadelphia doctor, Owen Jones Wister, and they lived in the Germantown section of the city.
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While white cannibalism was widely reported in accounts of African slaves from the 16th century up through the 19th, previous scholarship largely dismissed the accounts as superstition or "unfounded indigenous terrors." Woodard validates black accounts, offering evidence of punishment rituals, including an instance of a slaveholder forcing slaves to eat the broiled ear of a member of their community. Woodard writes how in the autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Equiano's recurring fears of being cannibalized by the Europeans who captured him were intertwined with his homoerotic attachments to white men. Woodard then examines a series of historical incidents where the slaveowners' culture of honor is bolstered by the consumption and sexualized brutalization of slaves.
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Smith was born in 1826 in Richmond, Kentucky to John Speed Smith and his wife Elizabeth Lewis (Clay) Smith (1798-1887)"KOAR's Russian Connection", Kentucky Online Arts Resource Blog, 15 October 2012 as the third of seven children. He was named for his maternal grandfather, Green Clay, a very wealthy planter and slaveholder in Kentucky and a prominent politician. His siblings included Sally Ann Lewis (1818-1875), named for her maternal grandmother; Curran Cassius, Pauline Green, Junius Brutus (never married), Mary Spencer (never married), and John Speed, Jr.Thomas Speed, Records and Memorials of the Speed Family, Courier-Journal Job Printing Company, 1892, pp. 88-89 Smith's father was elected to the Kentucky legislature and the U.S. House of Representatives.
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The novel moves across different geographic spaces, from Brazil, to a moment in St. Louis, but is predominantly set in Kentucky. Ursa Corregidora, the novel's protagonist, is a blues singer searching for "a song that would touch me, touch my life and theirs ... A song branded with the new world" (59). Ursa's search reflects her struggle to construct selfhood amidst the traumatic stories told by her great-grandmother and grandmother of their experiences at the hands of the Portuguese Brazilian slaveholder Simon Corregidora. Ursa's matrilineal line—great-grandmother, grandmother, and mother—make it their lives' purpose to keep alive the history of their abuse and torture, and by extension that of African slaves in the New World.
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Henry Augustine Tayloe (April 8, 1808 – July 15, 1903) was an American planter, slaveholder, horse breeder and racer, and land speculator in Alabama during the 19th century. The youngest son of John Tayloe III, a wealthy planter in Washington, D.C.; Virginia; and Maryland, the younger Tayloe went to Alabama in 1834, where he was among the pioneers in developing forced-labor cotton plantations in the Canebrake region, using enslaved workers. He also acted as a land agent, acquiring numerous plantations in the area for investment by his four older brothers, who were also extremely wealthy. A committed breeder and racer of horses, in 1838 he founded the Fair Grounds Race Course near New Orleans with Bernard de Marigny.
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Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. (December 4, 1765 – September 14, 1843), a Quaker born in England who moved as a child with his family to South Carolina, became a planter, slave trader, and merchant who built several plantations in the Spanish colony of Florida in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. He served on the Florida Territorial Council after Florida was acquired by the United States in 1821. Kingsley Plantation, which he owned and where he lived for 25 years, has been preserved as part of the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, run by the United States National Park Service. Kingsley was a relatively lenient slaveholder, who allowed his slaves the opportunity to be hired out and earn their freedom.
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Suggesting they split up to search the surrounding area, he arranged to rendezvous with the group but instead rode off in the opposite direction to catch up with the escaped slaves which he eventually led to Canada. Some argue that Fairfield often went to sometimes excessive lengths, often living in a community for months at a time in order to gain the confidence of local residents. He often posed as a slave trader, slaveholder or a peddler, although his disguises were varied and, on one occasion, impersonated an undertaker managing to help twenty-eight slaves escape in a staged funeral procession. Another time, he used wigs and makeup to disguise his charges.
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Freehling, William H., p. 206, The Road to Disunion: Volume I: Secessionists at Bay, 1776–1854 Retrieved March 12, 2010 Following Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion in 1831 in Virginia, Maryland and other states passed laws restricting the freedoms of free people of color, as slaveholders feared their effect on slave societies. Persons who were manumitted were given a deadline to leave the state after gaining freedom, unless a court of law found them to be of such "extraordinary good conduct and character" that they might be permitted to remain. A slaveholder who manumitted a slave was required to report that action and person to the authorities, and county clerks who did not do so could be fined.
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Lam is the coordinator for S.O.S. Esclaves, a non-governmental organisation founded in 1995 by Mauritanian lawyer Boubacar Ould Messaoud, to tackle the issue of modern slavery. Lam's organisation also advocates against forced marriages. As of August 2015, programs of anti slavery organisations including S O S Esclaves has resulted in the institution of laws in Mauritania that stipulates the increase of prison term for offenders from ten to twenty years as well as criminalizing the act of force marriages. In a 2015 interview with Al Jazeera however, Lam indicated that despite the presence of the amended laws in the constitution to tackle slavery and force marriages in Mauritania, "only one slaveholder has been conclusively prosecuted for owning slaves".
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Being more interested in politics than law, Blair came back to St. Louis in the summer of 1847. A personal and political friend of Thomas Hart Benton, he became known for his views opposing slavery and strong advocacy of free soil politics, though he was a slaveholder himself. Blair served in the Missouri House of Representatives from 1852 to 1856. He was an outspoken Free-Soiler and was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1856. On January 14, 1858, he delivered a major speech describing slavery as a national problem, proposing to solve it by both gradual emancipation and the settling of freed slaves in South and Central America.
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This painting, by Claude-Joseph Vernet, was commissioned for Danson House. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore John Styleman had died in 1734, his will stipulating that half the proceeds from the lease should go to his widow, Mary Styleman, and the other half to charities providing almhouses for 12 poor families in Bexley. On 10 July 1753 Selwyn's widow, also Mary, sub-let the property to Sir John Boyd, sugar merchant and vice-chairman of the British East India Company, and son of the St Kitts planter and slaveholder Augustus Boyd. By 1759 Boyd had taken over the lease and bought out the rest of the land added to the estates by Selwyn.
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Lower-class whites who lived in the backwoods practiced the "free-for-all" as well as "rough-and-tumble". This practice also spread to American slaves, who would hold mass fights as a form of sporting entertainment. (Frederick Douglass wrote that such sporting distractions, as well as alcohol, were "among the most effective in the hands of the slaveholder in keeping down the spirit of insurrection.") While a few masters sanctioned slave boxers (as shown in the 2012 film Django Unchained), this practice appears to have been rare in general, as slaveholders did not wish to damage their "property"; the majority of these events were run by the slaves themselves for their own amusement.
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") His enemies included fellow abolitionists who disagreed with his tactics. He was criticized for his role in the well-publicized Darg case of 1838 involving a Virginia slaveholder named John P. Darg and his slave, Thomas Hughes."Examination of the Black Man, Ruggles," The Morning Herald (New York, NY), September 10, 1838, Image 2, col 4 ("On Saturday afternoon, David Ruggles, the black, charged with aiding and abetting the slave Tom in robbing his master, concealing the fugitive, was brought out for examination before Justice Hobsen. A vast number of abolitionists, and other crazy fanatics, pressed toward the magistrate's desk to witness the proceedings, and who seemed to take a great interest in the result.
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Fanny Kemble, the British actress who married an American slaveholder, wrote about her observations of slavery as well, including the way white men sexually abused slave women and left their mixed-race children enslaved. Sometimes the white fathers freed the children and/or their mothers, or provided education or apprenticeship, or settled property on them in a significant transfer of social capital. Notable antebellum examples of fathers who provided for their mixed-race children were the fathers of Charles Henry Langston and John Mercer Langston and the father of the Healy family of Georgia. (Each had a common-law marriage with a woman of partial African descent.) Other mixed-race children were left enslaved; some were sold away by their fathers.
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Before the American Civil War it developed as a river port (farmers upstream on the Kanawha River could ship their goods to Point Pleasant and from there down the Ohio River and sometimes the Mississippi River to market) as well as coal. In the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, Mason County's delegate, lawyer James H. Couch (1821-1899), although a slaveholder, voted against secession. Mason County then sent no delegates to the Virginia House of Delegates until West Virginia's statehood, which Virginia's House of Delegates refused to recognize, thus seating James Hutcheson who had been elected by Confederate soldiers in their camp. Meanwhile, William W. Newman claimed to represent Mason as well as nearby Jackson, Cabell, Wayne and Wirt counties throughout the war.
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Two more incidents of this nature occurred during Pratt's tenure as governor, one involving the death of a slaveholder who was ambushed in Pennsylvania by abolitionists as he and his party returned to Maryland with their re-captured slaves. It was during this time that Pratt began to move away from the Whig party and more towards the Democratic Party. In terms of transportation, Pratt favored the extension of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad into Ohio, rather than supporting canals. Pratt also strongly encouraged peaceful and speedy resolution over the dispute between Great Britain and the United States regarding the Oregon Territory, stating that "no part of the Union would, in the event of war, be more exposed than Maryland".
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Pierce Butler (July 11, 1744February 15, 1822) was a South Carolina rice planter, slaveholder, politician, an officer in the Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He served as a state legislator, a member of the Congress of the Confederation, a delegate to the 1787 Constitutional Convention, and a member of the United States Senate. As one of the largest slaveholders in the United States, he defended American slavery for both political and personal motives, even though he had private misgivings about the institution and particularly about the African slave trade. He introduced the Fugitive Slave Clause into a draft of the U.S. Constitution, which gave a federal guarantee to the property rights of slaveholders.
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In 1836, William Porcher DuBose was born near Winnsboro, Fairfield County, South Carolina (near Columbia, South Carolina) to the former Jane Sinkler Porcher (Porcher is French and pronounced as if spelled por-shay) and her husband, Capt. Theodore Samuel DuBose. Both sides of his family were descended from French Huguenots who had immigrated as religious refugees in 1686 and settled in the Midlands of South Carolina. DuBose grew up on the family plantation near Winnsboro; his parents were planters and major slaveholders, owning 204 slaves in 1860.1860 U.S. Federal Census, slave schedule for Fairfield, Fairfield County, South Carolina. His great-uncle William DuBose (1787 or 1788 - 1855) was also a planter and major slaveholder; he was elected as South Carolina's lieutenant-governor.
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For example, shortly before the start of the American Civil War, nearly all the 200 young men at Wilberforce College in southern Ohio, established by white and black Ohio Methodist leaders for the education of blacks, were mixed-race sons of wealthy white Southern planters.Horace Talbert, The Sons of Allen: Together with a Sketch of the Rise and Progress of Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio, 1906, p. 273, Documenting the South, 2000, University of North Carolina, accessed July 25, 2008 At the time, Georgia law (and that of most other states) prohibited interracial marriage, as well as education of all blacks, free or slave. The state legislature required a separate act for each manumission that a slaveholder wanted, even for one's family members.
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William C. Goodridge (1806–1873) was a prominent multiracial businessman in York, Pennsylvania in the mid 1800s. He was an African-American abolitionist and a conductor on the Underground Railroad. Born a slave, Goodridge and his wife, Evalina Wallace Goodridge, started with a barbershop in 1827 and built a significant estate through diverse investments and enterprises, all of which they put at risk as stationmasters in the Underground Railroad. Among those whose freedom Goodridge helped secure and retain, were the farmers and one fugitive slave involved in the Christiana Resistance of 1851, where black and white abolitionists killed a Southern slaveholder who was pursuing his property in Christiana, Pennsylvania according to rights granted to him by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
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William Wilberforce was a driving force in the British Parliament in the fight against the slave trade in the British Empire. The British abolitionists focused on the slave trade, arguing that the trade was not necessary for the economic success of sugar on the British West Indian colonies. This argument was accepted by wavering politicians, who did not want to destroy the valuable and important sugar colonies of the British Caribbean. The British parliament was also concerned about the success of the Haitian Revolution, and they believed they had to abolish the trade to prevent a similar conflagration from occurring in a British Caribbean colony.Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 200-9.
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In 2018, Clinton Fernandes wrote that ADB is conspicuously silent on the slaveholder or slave profiting pasts of a number of influential figures in the development of Australia, including George Fife Angas, Isaac Currie, Archibald Paull Burt, Charles Edward Bright, Alexander Kenneth Mackenzie, Robert Allwood, Lachlan Macquarie, Donald Charles Cameron, John Buhot, John Belisario, Alfred Langhorne, John Samuel August, and Godfrey Downes Carter.Fernandes, C. Island Off the Coast of Asia: Instruments of statecraft in Australian foreign policy (Melbourne: Monash University Publishing, 2018), 13-15. However, the Legacies database from which Fernandes obtains this information is ambiguous as to George Fife Angas's connection with slavery. It states that he did not lodge the claims himself but collected the compensatory amount for unknown reasons.
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A few Choctaw slaveholders believed that having their slaves learn how to read the Bible would cause them to become spoiled slaves, and this added to the persistent mistrust the Choctaw had for missionaries. One Choctaw slaveholder, Israel Folsom, informed Kingsbury that the Folsom family would no longer attend Kingsbury's church because of its antislavery position. Tiring of the missionaries condescending attitudes or questioning their pedagogical approach toward both Native American pupils and African worshippers, the Choctaw withdrew their children, slaves, and financial support from the mission schools and churches. The Choctaw masters, whether they converted to Christianity or not, did not rely on religion as a weapon of control in interactions with their slaves, but did regulate where enslaved peoples could have religious gatherings.
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Fishel (1998), Secret War, p. 59 (Note: Confirms birth location.) (Note: The biographical note on Greenhow at the National Archives and Record Administration, which holds a collection of her papers, says that O'Neal was born in 1817 in Port Tobacco, Maryland, but it is unclear what the documentation is for this.) She was the third of five daughters of John O'Neale, a planter and slaveholder, and his wife Eliza Henrietta Hamilton, who were Catholic. Called Rose as a child, O'Neal was the third born and close to her next older sister, Ellen (Mary Eleanor) and the final "e" was dropped off the family name in Rose's early childhood.Ross, Ishbel, Rebel Rose: Life of Rose O'Neal Greenhow, Confederate Spy. 1954, p.
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Although Guitar had been a slaveholder, he declared for the Union in a May 1861 speech in Columbia that caught the notice of George Caleb Bingham who observed, "Guitar is the truest man you have among you, all honor to him." In February 1862, provisional Missouri Governor Hamilton Rowan Gamble granted Guitar authority to recruit a regiment in central Missouri, and on May 3, Guitar received his commission as colonel of the Ninth Missouri State Militia Cavalry."The Guitar Brothers of Boone Co. Missouri", Kendra Kerman & Dr. Noel Crowson presentation to Missouri Civil War Round Table Guitar and his command were soon engaged in a campaign against Confederate guerrillas and recruiters. Guitar had key roles in defeating both Joseph C. Porter and John A. Poindexter.
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In Texas in June 1863, district commander John Magruder was put in charge of one such bureau, and Magruder was known for his ability to usually succeed in appeals to slaveholder patriotism to acquire slaves rather than impressment.Woodward 2014, p70-71 In the West, General Nathan Bedford Forrest led numerous cavalry raids where he captured many slaves who had fled behind Union lines, often sending excess to other commands.Woodward 2014, p77 Confederate forces also made raids on Union controlled plantations in the south, particularly along the Mississippi river.Woodward 2014, p120 When Confederate forces marched North, such as during the Gettysburg campaign under Robert E. Lee, Confederates in Pennsylvania rounded up as many blacks as possible, whether they were free before the war or not.
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In the fourth chapter of Black Reconstruction, entitled "The General Strike", Du Bois makes the argument that after the war escalated, slaves in the Confederate states engaged in a general strike wherein they stopped work and sought to cross enemy lines. He identifies this as a crucial turning point in the war, and an important cause in several outcomes: economic crisis in the Confederacy, a supply of laborers and soldiers for the union army, and a signal that countered slaveholder propaganda that slaves were satisfied with their conditions. This was a key part of Du Bois' argument about the agency of African Americans during the Civil War, and has recently been re-emphasized in recent work by historians David Roediger and Erik Loomis.
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Sarah Katherine Holmes Stone, better known as Kate Stone (January 8, 1841 – December 28, 1907), was an American diarist and community leader. She was the daughter of a wealthy cotton farmer and slaveholder in the Southern United States. She is remembered in American history and literature for her diary, Brokenburn: The Journal of Kate Stone, 1861-1865, edited by John Q. Anderson, which she kept during the time of the American Civil War, printed in 1955, which she kept continuously from May 1861 to November 1865; shorter supplements date from 1867 and 1868. In addition to the diaries of two other ladies of the upper southern society, Mary Boykin Chesnut and Sarah Morgan, Stone's journal since its first publication has often been used by historians to illustrate the Southern world.
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After leaving Congress White moved to New York City, where he practiced law and became involved in several business ventures. In 1848 he opposed the Whig nomination of slaveholder Zachary Taylor for President, and was a delegate to the convention of antislavery Democrats and Conscience Whigs that formed the Free Soil Party and nominated Martin Van Buren to oppose Taylor and Democratic nominee Lewis Cass. In the 1850s White was president of a company that included his brother David and Cornelius Vanderbilt, which received a contract from the government of Nicaragua to operate steamships and a railroad between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as constructing a canal between the oceans. To further his business interests, White became a supporter of William Walker's attempt to overthrow Nicaragua's government.
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The social organization of Făgăraş was the same as in Wallachia, the Roma slaves being the slaves of boyars, the institution of slavery being kept in the Voivodate of Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary and in the autonomous Principality of Transylvania, being only abolished with the beginning of the Habsburg domination in the 18th century. For instance, in 1556, Hungarian Queen Isabella Jagiełło confirmed the possessions of some Recea boyars, which included Roma slaves. The deed was also confirmed in 1689 by Prince Michael I Apafi. The estates belonging to the Bran Castle also held a large number of slaves, around 1500 at the beginning of the 16th century, the right of being a slaveholder being probably inherited from the time that the castle was owned by Wallachia.
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The Joinery no longer stands, but the foundation and the chimney are still there. In 2012, Slavery at Jefferson’s Monticello: Paradox of Liberty, an exhibition co-presented by the National Museum of African American History and Culture and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, opened in the NMAAHC Gallery at the National Museum of American History. This exhibition highlighted Jefferson's paradoxical dual positions as the drafter of the Declaration of Independence and a slaveholder. Some of the objects on display were the "Campeachy" (campeche) chair Hemmings created for Jefferson, a copy of the French chairs at Monticello attributed to the joinery, and a hanging cabinet Hemmings created. The entrance to Slavery at Jefferson’s Monticello: Paradox of Liberty featured a large statue of Jefferson standing in front of stacks of bricks.
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He "denounced the Mexican War and called on his fellow Bostonians in 1847 'to protest against this most infamous war,'"Polner, Murray (2010-03-01) Left Behind, The American Conservative while at the same time promoting economic expansionism and exposing racist view of Mexicans' inherent inferiority, calling them "a wretched people; wretched in their origin, history, and character". Yet his abolitionism became his most controversial stance. He wrote the scathing To a Southern Slaveholder in 1848, as the abolition crisis was heating up and took a strong stance against slavery and advocated violating the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, a controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 which required the return of escaped slaves to their owners. Parker worked with many fugitive slaves, some of whom were among his congregation.
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Christer Petley, White Fury: A Jamaican Slaveholder and the Age of REvolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), p. 182. At the surrender of Cap Français, Rochambeau was captured aboard the frigate Surveillante by a British squadron under the command of Captain John Loring and returned to England as a prisoner on parole, where he remained interned for almost nine years. He was exchanged in 1811, and returned to the family château, where he resumed the work of classifying the family's growing collection of maps, which his father had begun. He also enriched the collections with new acquisitions, in particular ones contributed by the military campaigns of his son, Auguste-Philippe Donatien de Vimeur, who served as the aide-de-camp for Joachim Murat and was with Murat's cavalry in the Russian campaign in 1812.
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The most damaging smear was the Roorback forgery; in late August an item appeared in an abolitionist newspaper, part of a book detailing fictional travels through the South of a Baron von Roorback, an imaginary German nobleman. The Ithaca Chronicle printed it without labeling it as fiction, and inserted a sentence alleging that the traveler had seen forty slaves who had been sold by Polk after being branded with his initials. The item was withdrawn by the Chronicle when challenged by the Democrats, but it was widely reprinted. Borneman suggested that the forgery backfired on Polk's opponents as it served to remind voters that Clay too was a slaveholder,Borneman, pp. 121–122 John Eisenhower, in his journal article on the election, stated that the smear came too late to be effectively rebutted, and likely cost Polk Ohio.
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Harding acquired additional property around Belle Meade, enlarging the plantation to 5300 acres by 1850. In the census that year his father was recorded as the third-largest slaveholder in Davidson County, Tennessee, holding 93 slaves at Belle Meade and 34 at McSpadden's Bend plantation, named Bellevue. At the age of forty-five, from 1853 to 1854, Harding began construction of a larger Greek Revival mansion on the Belle Meade Plantation that incorporated some of his father's brick house. It later became known as the Belle Meade Mansion (listed on the National Register of Historical Places since December 30, 1969).Mark Zimmerman, Guide To Civil War Nashville Nashville, The Battle of Nashville Preservation Society, 2004, p. 68 While Harding raced some of his horses, he was most interested in the practice of breeding high-quality blood stock.
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Prior to the 1884–85 Geological Survey of the park, the Lamar was known as the East Fork of the Yellowstone River. During that survey, Geologist Arnold Hague named the river for L.Q.C. (Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus) Lamar, then Secretary of the Interior (March 1885 – January 1888), and a former slaveholder and author of the Mississippi Ordinance of Secession. The Lamar Valley, or the Secluded Valley of Trapper Osborne Russell and other park features or administrative names which contain Lamar are derived from this original naming. Osborne Russell in his 1921 Journal of a Trapper described the Lamar as follows: In 1869, the Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition encountered the Lamar River (East Fork) just upstream from the canyon section flowing into the Yellowstone and traveled upstream to the confluence of Calfee Creek where they camped on September 16, 1869.
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U.S. President Thomas Jefferson Harrison's move to legalize slavery was not taken lightly by President Thomas Jefferson. Although Jefferson was himself a slaveholder, he was opposed to the spread of slavery. Jefferson had been working with James Lemen since at least 1784 and used him as an agent in the Northwest to organize an anti-slavery movement. Lemen succeeded in helping to establish an anti-slavery Baptist church that drew many members. Jefferson sent Lemen to the Indiana territory again in 1807 with the mission to seek out and organize the anti-slavery men of the state and encourage them to take action.Dunn (1919) p.253 Several prominent men had already been stirred by Harrison's moves to legalize slavery. Dennis Pennington, a former slave holder who had freed his slaves when he moved to Indiana, was chief among the anti-slavery men.
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The American President Thomas Jefferson—who was a slaveholder himself—refused to establish diplomatic relations with Haiti (the United States did not recognize Haiti until 1862) and imposed an economic embargo on trade with Haiti that also lasted until 1862 in an attempt to ensure the economic failure of the new republic as Jefferson wanted Haiti to fail, regarding a successful slave revolt in the West Indies as a dangerous example for American slaves. Saint-Domingue slave revolt in 1791 Beginning during the slave insurrections of 1791, white refugees from Saint-Domingue fled to the United States, particularly to Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, and Charleston. The immigration intensified after the journée (crisis) of 20 June 1793, and soon American families began to raise money and open up their homes to help exiles in what became the United States' first refugee crisis.
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Note: Murdoch filed almost one- third of the freedom suits filed between 1840 and 1847, all on behalf of enslaved persons. With Wash's case settled by the principle of "once free, always free," Bates was able to convince the jury that her daughter Lucy Ann Berry should be considered free as well. As the scholar Eric Gardner writes, > To Bates--as to the majority of the Missouri Supreme Court for several years > --such a principle actually depended on recognizing and allowing legal > slavery: if an individual African American was not "once free"--through > birth to a free mother, residence, manumission, or other circumstances > carefully specified in state law--then she or he had no legal right to > demand freedom. This syllogism, of course, explains why Bates could be a > slaveholder and still support Lucy [Berry] Delaney; this premise is why, he > argues by extension, the jury could do the same.
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The following year the town of Schumannsville was established by German immigrants and named after him. Numerous German immigrants entered Texas at Galveston following the revolutions of 1848 in German states, settling in Guadalupe County and central Texas. After their own struggles, they tended to oppose slavery. The last Indian raid into the area was made by the Kickapoo in 1855. By 1860, there were 1,748 slaves of African descent in the county, generally brought in from the South by slaveholder migrants. In 1861, the people of the county voted 314–22 in favor of secession from the Union. Guadalupe County sent several troops to fight for the Confederate States Army. Following the end of the Civil War and the emancipation of the slaves (1865), a Freedmen's Bureau office opened in 1866 in Seguin to supervise work contracts between former slaves and area farmers.
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Not long after the academy burned down, Carter Shepherd and his wife Nancy Whitfield Shepherd, built the present wooden house, originally with eight rooms, over its foundations. Nancy Whitfield (6/18/1813–1898) was born in 1813 to the William Whitfield in neighboring Putnam County and married Carter in 1833. They had six children including William i1839, Sarah "Sallie" E. 1840, Annie 1845, Florence 1846, Carter Jr. 1848, and, in 1850, Robert, the first child born at the "Shepherd House". According to Samuel Burney's letters home mentioned below, the Carter Shepherds were one of the most prosperous families in Morgan County, with a plantation to the south of Madison and a small sawmill. Most important by far wealth-wise were their slaves; Nancy had 114 slaves, making her the fourth-largest slaveholder in the county at the time of the Civil War.Morgan County 1860 tax records.
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A marble bust of Breckinridge from the Senate's vice-presidential bust collection Buchanan rarely consulted Breckinridge when making patronage appointments, and meetings between the two were infrequent. When Breckinridge and Buchanan endorsed the Lecompton Constitution, which would have admitted Kansas as a slave state instead of allowing the people to vote, they managed to alienate most Northern Democrats, including Douglas. This disagreement ended plans for Breckinridge, Douglas, and Minnesota's Henry Mower Rice to build a series of three elaborate, conjoined row houses in which to live during their time in Washington, D.C. In November 1857, after Breckinridge found alternative lodging in Washington, he sold a slave woman and her young infant which, according to historian James C. Klotter, probably ended his days as a slaveholder. When Breckinridge did not travel to Illinois to campaign for Douglas's re-election to the Senate and gave him only a lukewarm endorsement, relations between them worsened.
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Alexandria City Hall, where loyalist (Union) government business was conducted during the Civil War Following the creation of West Virginia, the remnant of Restored Virginian government held a Convention of delegates from a few periphery counties occupied by Union forces. The Convention met in Alexandria's U.S. District Court Room from February 13 – April 11, 1864, and elected LeRoy G. Edwards, a slaveholder with three sons in the Confederacy as its presiding officer. The Convention sought direction from President Lincoln whether the General Government would sustain the civil authority, or "whether the civil is to become, as it is now, subordinate to the military", so that the convened delegates could support the Administration's war effort in the midst of Grant's Wilderness Campaign. Debate ensued over whether to seek to disenfranchise all supporters of the rebellion, but with an eye to governing after cessation of hostilities, it limited disenfranchisement only to those who had held office in rebel state or Confederate governments.
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While he had suggested with his resignation that his active role in politics might be over, "perhaps forever", Yancey found this to be impossible.. Yancey recognized the significance of the Wilmot Proviso to the South and in 1847, as the first talk of slaveholder Zachary Taylor as a presidential candidate surfaced, Yancey saw him as a possibility for bringing together a Southern political movement that would cross party lines. Yancey made it clear that his support for Taylor was conditional upon Taylor denouncing the Wilmot Proviso. However, Taylor announced that he would seek the Whig nomination, and in December 1847 Lewis Cass of Michigan, the leading Democratic candidate, endorsed the policy of popular sovereignty.. With no available candidate sufficiently opposed to the Proviso, Yancey in 1848 secured the adoption by the state Democratic convention of the "Alabama Platform," which was endorsed by the legislatures of Alabama and Georgia and by Democratic state conventions in Florida and Virginia. The platform endorsed these proposals: # The Federal government could not restrict slavery in the territories.
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In the beginning of his Annals, the Roman historian Tacitus (c. 56–c.117) wrote that Augustus had cunningly subverted Republican Rome into a position of slavery. He continued to say that, with Augustus's death and swearing of loyalty to Tiberius, the people of Rome simply traded one slaveholder for another.Starr (1952), 5. Tacitus, however, records two contradictory but common views of Augustus: Fragment of a bronze equestrian statue of Augustus, 1st century AD, National Archaeological Museum of Athens Virgil reading the Aeneid to Augustus and Octavia, by Jean- Joseph Taillasson, 1787 According to the second opposing opinion: In a 2006 biography on Augustus, Anthony Everitt asserts that through the centuries, judgments on Augustus's reign have oscillated between these two extremes but stresses that: Tacitus was of the belief that Nerva (r. 96–98) successfully "mingled two formerly alien ideas, principate and liberty".Starr (1952), 6. The 3rd-century historian Cassius Dio acknowledged Augustus as a benign, moderate ruler, yet like most other historians after the death of Augustus, Dio viewed Augustus as an autocrat.
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Henry Winter Davis Early becoming imbued with strong anti-slavery views, though by inheritance he was himself a slaveholder, he began political life as a Whig. After the Whig Party disintegrated, he became a Know Nothing, and served as a member of the Know Nothing–influenced American Party in the House of Representatives from 1855 to 1861. By his independent course in Congress he won the respect and esteem of all political groups. In the contest over the speakership at the opening of the 36th United States Congress in 1859 he voted with the Republicans, incurring a vote of censure from the Maryland Legislature, which called upon him to resign. In the 1860 presidential election, not yet ready to become a Republican, he declined to be a candidate for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States, instead supported the Constitutional Union ticket of John Bell and Edward Everett. Defeated that year for reelection to Congress, in the winter of 1860 and 1861―between the secession of some Southern states and the beginning of the Civil War with the assault on Fort Sumter―Davis was involved in compromise measures.
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Although a slaveholder, Byrd, like many East Tennesseans, remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War. He was a member of the Roane County delegation at both the Knoxville and Greeneville sessions of the East Tennessee Convention in mid-1861. At the latter session, he also served as a proxy delegate for Cumberland County, and represented that county on the convention's powerful business committee. While in Greeneville, Byrd made a secret pact with several other convention delegates, including Joseph A. Cooper and Richard M. Edwards, to return to their respective homes and begin raising and drilling military units to provide for the region's defense.Oliver Perry Temple, Mary Boyce Temple (ed.), "Robert K. Byrd," Notable Men of Tennessee (Cosmopolitan Press, 1912), pp. 79-81. In August 1861, Byrd's father-in-law, James Lea, became one of several Unionists elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives.Mary C. Bell, , February 2006, Sec. 8, p. 5. Byrd fled to Kentucky in August 1861, and was mustered into the Union Army as a colonel on September 1 of that year, in command of the First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry.
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However, the formal abolition of slavery did not disarm the European colonists' supporters, although he was recognized as a full citizen of the Republic. When Benoît Gouly, a pro-slavery deputy from Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, called for special laws for the colonies, Belley denounced a pressure group of colonists meeting at the Hôtel Massiac called Club de l'hôtel de MassiacThe club of reactionary colonial proprietors meeting since July 1789 at the Hôtel Massiac werere opposed to representation in the Assemblée of France's overseas dominions, for fear "that this would expose delicate colonial issues to the hazards of debate in the Assembly," as Robin Blackburn expressed it (Blackburn, The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776-1848 (1988:174f). These opponents of the anti-slavery Amis des Noirs included Pierre-Victor Malouet, a leader of the monarchiens, and Moreau de Saint-Méry, President of the Electors of Paris, who received the keys to the fallen Bastille, which were later presented to another slaveholder, George Washington (noted by Blackburn, 174). in a speech published under the title Le Bout d'oreille des colons, ou le système de l’Hôtel Massiac mis à jour par Gouly.
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