85 Sentences With "slag heaps" | Random Sentence Generator

Giant slag heaps and chimneys remain, with signs proclaiming regeneration initiatives.

Bare slag heaps rise above the trees, dwarfing the towns beside them.

The security guard was found dead in his home in Charleroi, a post-industrial region known for its derelict factories and slag heaps.

Hénart doesn't exist, but, with its surrounding slag heaps, it suggests Hénin-Beaumont, a former mining town where the National Front has been in power since 2014.

YELLOW slag heaps loom over the corrugated metal shacks of the men who once toiled for gold in the deep shafts that honeycomb this part of South Africa's Free State province.

ANSHAN, China/MANILA (Reuters) - China's self-styled war on pollution is extending to a new front: the solid waste that makes up thousands of slag heaps around the country, a byproduct of its record steel output.

Now all that remains of the industry in the basin is a collection of mining pits, slag heaps and workers' estates so archaic that Unesco, in 2012, added the region to its World Heritage List of unique global treasures.

Over the past several decades, as market forces and dwindling supplies have pushed coal companies into bankruptcy, they've abandoned towns, leaving behind the ravages of slag heaps and thousands of miles of streams and rivers polluted by acid mine drainage.

The wonder is how crazily, improbably alive it all is: this world of slag heaps and council houses, of unemployed miners and women stuck at home with their "weans," forced to supplement weekly benefit payments by prying open the electric meter and reclaiming the coins therein.

The remaining slag heaps and mining buildings are still very obvious around the city.

Some metal artefacts from the mine remain in the grounds. The site may contain remains of slag heaps.

Archaeological specimens found at the site include stove walls used for iron reduction, blast pipe fragments, pottery shards, and slag heaps.

The Burgies (or Burgy Bank) are two slag heaps in the Laffak area of St Helens, Merseyside, England, divided by Islands Brow road and bordered on the west side by the rail line connecting Liverpool Lime Street with Wigan North Western. They are on the site of the old Rushy Park coal mine, the first mine to use the revolutionary Anderton Shearer Loader.healeyhero.co.uk The slag heaps were created by the dumping of toxic chemical waste from the manufacture of glass by the town's Pilkington company. The exact composition of the slag heaps is unknown, but a land studythisischeshire.co.

Cuesmes was and originally is a coal mining village, as many of the residents who live there are descendants of coal miners from the 19th and 18th centuries. Coal mining is such a big part of Cuesmes and its culture that the village is surrounded in 'Slag Heaps', the most famous being Mount Héribus. Other Slag Heaps include Terril Du Lavunt, Terril Saint-Joseph, and Terril Sainte-Henriette. Terril Du Lavunt is 2.9 km away from Mount Héribus.

Recent analysis and location of slag heaps from Roman mines suggests a shift in the social organization of mining in classical times. Some slag heaps were located almost 2 miles away from the mining location suggesting that the copper workers transported the copper ore away from the mines before they decided to smelt the copper out and work with it. This is a significant change from earlier mining settlements in which the copper was melted on site or very near the place where it was extracted.

Plean House was vacated by the Thorneycroft family in 1972 and is now ruinous. The estate and former colliery and slag-heaps were acquired by Stirling District Council in 1988 and the colliery area relandscaped. The combined areas now form Plean Country Park.

The 108 components of the World Heritage area include mining pits, lift infrastructure (headgears...), slag heaps, coal transport infrastructure, railway stations, workers’ estates and mining villages including social habitat, schools, religious buildings, health and community facilities, company premises, owners and managers’ houses, town halls.

The slag heaps from mining are now used to produce building materials. The trenches and no-man's land between Loos and Hulluch, photographed on the 22 July 1917. The German trenches are on the right and bottom of the picture. The British trenches are in the top left.

All round was the lunar landscape of slag-heaps, and to the north, through the passes, as it were, between the mountains of slag, you could see the factory chimneys sending out their plumes of smoke. The canal path was a mixture of cinders and frozen mud, criss-crossed by the imprints of innumerable clogs, and all round, as far as the slag-heaps in the distance, stretched the ‘flashes’ — pools of stagnant water that had seeped into the hollows caused by the subsidence of ancient pits. It was horribly cold. The ‘flashes’ were covered with ice the colour of raw umber, the bargemen were muffled to the eyes in sacks, the lock gates wore beards of ice.

Athyrium yokoscense is found in and near mining sites across Japan, Korea, northeastern China, and eastern Siberia. It grows in metalliferous mining slag heaps, damp grounds, flat plains, as well as in thick woodlands and mountains. The abundance of this plant is an indicator of potential heavy metal-rich mines.

Groot 1988, pp. 203–204. Haig inspected the Loos area (24 June) and expressed dissatisfaction with the ground; slag heaps and pit head towers which made good observation points for the Germans. French later did the same and agreed. French and Haig would have preferred to renew the attack at Aubers Ridge.

Today the mines are all closed, though the scars of mining still remain on the landscape. Slag heaps are still visible on the skyline, now covered with flora and fauna. The Chatterley Whitfield site reopened as a museum two years after its closure in 1976. The museum closed in 1991 and the site became a local nature reserve.

Several methods are used to separate potassium salts from sodium and magnesium compounds. The most-used method is fractional precipitation using the solubility differences of the salts. Electrostatic separation of the ground salt mixture is also used in some mines. The resulting sodium and magnesium waste is either stored underground or piled up in slag heaps.

Faeroensis Supplementum 14. It is valued for its tolerance of urban conditions and difficult soil, and is very commonly planted in land reclamation schemes on slag heaps and roadside shrub planting. It has also proved very tolerant of oceanic climates with cold summers, growing much better than S. intermedia in coastal conditions north to the Faroe Islands.

There is not much left of Helvetia to see, simply a pair of foundation walls rising above a floor, the ruins of the smelter, and the cemetery. In the vicinity there are slag heaps and shafts from the mines. Although the town is gone, there are several homes in the immediate area that are still in use, including the Helvetia Ranch.

There are several spaces with memorials to the 1956 disaster. The slag heaps around the mine have been landscaped and can also be visited by the public. The museum is one of the four sites inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the Major Mining Sites of Wallonia listing. It also features on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Kelayres is a small community of about five city blocks by ten. Surrounded by coal mines, slag heaps, and a reservoir, there are only two streets that connect Kelayres to the neighboring towns of McAdoo and McAdoo Heights. Joseph James Bruno was the first child of James Biaggio and Marie Antonia (Abbato) Bruno. James marriage license gives the day as October 22, 1882.

The area between outer and inner rampart is covered by prospecting pits and mine dumps, both Celtic and Medieval in origin. These occupy more than half of the plateau. Remains of ovens and charcoal indicate that smelting took place right there. Among slag heaps behind the inner rampart, excavations have found the remains of at least one La-Tène period and three Medieval smelters.

Formerly known as "Tees Tilery", South Bank has a long history of steelmaking in the companies Bolckow Vaughan and Dorman Long, and shipbuilding in the famous Smiths Dock Company. The area was also known by the nickname of "Slaggy Island" as it was surrounded by slag heaps. It was part of the parish of Eston and formed part of the Middlesbrough constituency from 1867 until 1918.

In Røros, another Norwegian town visited by Swedish soldiers, an annual outdoor musical theater production called Elden is staged in late July/early August on the Røros slag heaps. The show is one of the largest outdoor theater productions in Norway, and includes the use of live horses. It is widely renowned in the local area, having sold over 10,000 tickets to its nine 2014 shows.

Small slag heaps still visible The underlying geology is mostly lower Lias Group clays and limestone. In the second half of the 19th century an extensive lime burning industry was based around the Bishopswood area. The impact of this is still obvious today with a Lime Kiln, distinctive key hole shaped quarry, spoil heaps (tailings), access tracks and paths still clearly discernible within the reserve.

At Arras the road has junctions with the RN25, RN39 and A26 autoroute E15 to Calais. The road crosses the river Scarpe and heads north over the Vimy Ridge past the war memorial to Canadian troops. The road then reaches the industrial town of Lens, the landscape is dotted with slag heaps from the coal mines nearby. In Lens through traffic takes the A211 autoroute and then the A21 autoroute.

Vale has begun to rehabilitate the slag heaps that surrounds their smelter in the Copper Cliff area with the planting of grass and trees, as well as the use of biosolids to stabilize and regreen tailings areas."Biosolids rejuvenate mining wasteland". Northern Ontario Business, July 13, 2018. In 1978, the workers of Sudbury's largest mining corporation, Inco (now Vale), embarked on a strike over production and employment cutbacks.

"Out of the slag heaps comes the anti-festival". Toronto Star, September 18, 1991. First held in 1989, Cinéfest quickly became a popular destination for Canadian filmmakers. Unlike the larger film festivals in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver, Cinéfest offered filmmakers a chance to gain exposure among more typical film audiences in a city which, at the time of its launch in 1989, had never had a venue for screening independent and non-mainstream films.

They grow on rock, walls, gravestones, roofs, exposed soil surfaces, and in the soil as part of a biological soil crust. Different kinds of lichens have adapted to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps. They can even live inside solid rock, growing between the grains. It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichens.

Wibsey Park Lake By the 19th century, the main development in Wibsey was centred on Holroyd Hill. Elsewhere, small farm cottages (some of which survive today) were the main residences. They formed a ring around Wibsey Slack, an area of marshland, coal mines and slag heaps, whose existence is remembered today in local place names like Slackside and Slack Bottom Road. In fact, Wibsey remained an isolated, rural community until very late in its existence.

Until the 1950s, Herzogenrath's economy was dominated by coal mines and a nearby coking plant. While some remains of the mining industry still form parts of the landscape in the form of overgrown slag heaps, today's Herzogenrath has moved into other industries. Large-scale employers include Saint-Gobain, Aixtron, Vetrotex (textile glass) and Ericsson Eurolab (electronics). The city hosts a number of electronics start-ups, profiting from the neighbouring Technical University RWTH Aachen.

Early silver Athenian coin, 5th century BCE. British Museum. Silver has been known since ancient times. Silver is mentioned in the Book of Genesis, and slag heaps found in Asia Minor and on the islands of the Aegean Sea indicate that silver was being separated from lead as early as the 4th millennium BC. The silver mines at Laurium were very rich and helped provide a currency for the economy of Ancient Athens.

In the Court's 1460 boundary description, Lingerhahn was described as Linyngerhane slacken. This epithet slacken, which means “slags”, might well have meant the rubble mounds that can still be found today about a kilometre east of Lingerhahn (to the left before the Pfalzfeld turnoff on Landesstraße [State Road] 214/216). These are indeed slag heaps from the ore mining and smelting that was once done here. In 1435, Peter and Johann von Schöneck were enfeoffed with the court district.

A gold diadem thought to originate from this culture was found in Valderreixe. The existence of mineral wealth also attracted outsiders. In Tabladas and on the banks of the river Santalla traces of Roman smelting works have been found, including stone crucibles and slag heaps. During the medieval period San Martín, together with neighbouring Santa Eulalia and the rest of the Castropol district, was granted to the church in Oviedo by King Alfonso VII in 1154.

It has been suggested that the name came from a thick brown liquid oozing from the slag heaps shortly after the waste had been dumped that resembled Burgoo - a kind of porridge eaten in the 17th century by sailors. It is speculated that an ex-sailor may have noticed the resemblance and corrupted the word to "Burgy".thisislancashire.co.uk The red mud present on top of the Burgies is also occasionally referred to as Burgoo, due to its viscous appearance.

Thomas (1979), pg 27. Before coal could be extracted commercially, surface buildings were required to be completed. This included the installation of two John Fowler & Co. winding machines, and the forest fully cleared, with wood stored for pit props. Finally, the River Taff Bargoed was enclosed in a tunnel constructed of bricks made from the collieries quarry, enabling water ingress to the mine to be significantly reduced, and slag heaps to be placed on the resultant new land.

In 1855, Fraser moved to Melbourne and opened a store on Elizabeth Street. One of his more notable contracts was to supply ballast to the Deniliquin and Moama Railway Company, a privately owned railway which connected Moama on the Murray River to Deniliquin in southern New South Wales. Instead of supplying blue metal, Fraser supplied quartz from the slag heaps of Bendigo gold mines. It met the specifications of the contract, but was not what was expected by the owners of the railway.

Jackson's Furnace Site, also known as Stroup's Furnace, is a historic archaeological site located near Smyrna, York County, South Carolina. The site includes an earthen sluiceway, stone dam abutments, the stone foundation of an iron furnace and slag heaps. It is one of only two sites that can be associated with the King's Mountain Iron Company, which operated in present- day Cherokee County from about 1815 to about 1860. The other site is King's Creek Furnace Site in Cherokee County.

Here the Romke stream drops about in height over a waterfall laid out in 1863 into the Oker. Downstream in the river's fast-flowing waters, the Verlobungsinsel ("Betrothal Island") is to be found. Left and right of the Oker in this area are many crags that are popular with climbers. In the Goslar vicinity of Oker the river is seriously polluted with heavy metals from the slag heaps as well as groundwater and surface runoff from the metal smelters there.

The Żabie Doły conservation area is located entirely within the limits of the cities of Bytom, Chorzów and Piekary Slaskie in the center of the highly urbanized region of Upper Silesia. Many centuries of human activity, in particular underground mining and metal smelting, left the area covered with unused water retention pools, post-mining sinkholes, tailings and slag heaps. The local mining included zinc, lead, and hard coal. The majority of the land transformation by the humans occurred in the 1950s.

While this made the city of Lackawanna eligible for federal assistance money to redevelop part of the site, a cooperative agreement had not been signed as of May 2006. The city of Lackawanna redeveloped some of the former Lackawanna Steel plant land into small business zones, bringing about 700 jobs back to the town in the late 1980s. Steel Winds, an eight-windmill wind farm owned by BQ Energy, opened on the old plant's slag heaps in September 2006. Another 14 turbines were added in 2012.

187 Brigade attacked at 06.30 on 8 November, making rapid progress and capturing Neuf-Mesnil by 08.00. However, at 08.45 it came under heavy fire from Fort Gravaux and a group of slag heaps. The brigadier decided to turn the position with his reserve battalion, 5th KOYLI, which attacked at 14.30 behind a barrage, clearing defended houses and securing the road and railway. Two attacks were made on Fort Gravaux during the night, and it was captured at the third attempt the following morning.

The signal box was moved northwards in June 1902 to allow the platform to be extended towards the west;engineers simply raised the box onto rails and slid the box into its new position. The station used to forward building stone, iron and ironstone. Three blast furnaces were located in the village which utilised two sidings built on the north side of the station with access from the east. The iron industry lasted until 1876, but the slag heaps were cleared sometime in the 1880s with the slag being sold to Surrey County Council.

The Low Moor Ironworks was a wrought iron foundry established in 1791 in the village of Low Moor about south of Bradford in Yorkshire, England. The works were built to exploit the high-quality iron ore and low-sulphur coal found in the area. Low Moor made wrought iron products from 1801 until 1957 for export around the world. At one time it was the largest ironworks in Yorkshire, a major complex of mines, piles of coal and ore, kilns, blast furnaces, forges and slag heaps connected by railway lines.

The works produced an estimated one million tons of slag. After closure the slag heaps were reprocessed to make road stone, and slag wool; reprocessing continued until at least the early 1930s. The brickworks expanded during the first decades of the 20th century: its chimney was built in 1902; and a Hoffmann kiln was constructed in 1923; the brickworks operated until 1957. Excluding the building of Ings Terrace in the post second world war period, there has been no urban expansion of the village since the 19th century.

Realising that the creature died from eating some of the fungus, the Doctor also discovers the cure for Jones. The Doctor and Benton drive around the slag heaps, scattering the fungus, which proves deadly to the maggots. They are then attacked by a giant fly creature—the mature adult form of the maggots—which the Doctor kills by throwing his cloak over it when it is in mid-air, causing it to get tangled in it and fall to the ground. The Doctor returns to Global Chemicals to confront the BOSS.

Above the eastern entrance to the station concourse is a semi- circular, stained glass window divided by four pillars into five sections. The window is by the Herne artist Jupp Gesing and represents aspects of the former Friedrich der Große (Frederick the Great) colliery, which was nearby. It includes a harbour crane, a canal bridge, buildings and chimneys of the mine, two head frames, cooling towers, slag heaps and colliery village houses. The windows were first installed in 1953 and were donated by the Friedrich der Große colliery.

Tolkien lived there during his childhood, and was horrified decades later to find the area urbanised. O'Hehir notes that Mordor is characterised by "its slag heaps, its permanent pall of smoke, its slave- driven industries", and that Saruman is depicted as a ideological representative of technological utopianism, who forcibly industrialises the Shire. O'Hehir calls the novel a lament over the impact of the Industrial Revolution and the environmental degradation of England's formerly "green and pleasant land". In this, in O'Hehir's view, Tolkien's sentiments are like those of Thomas Hardy, D. H. Lawrence, and William Blake.

The first local blast furnaces were two at "Worth Furnace", erected by one Willam Leavitt in 1547. This was on the Stamford Brook in the present Worth Forest, just to the north of the eastern end of the railway bridge on the Parish Lane from Pease Pottage (the bridle path here crosses the site of the old millpond, south of the dam and slag heaps).Straker 1931 p464ff. "Tilgate Furnace" first appears in 1606, when a lease was renewed so it had already been in production by then.

Slag heaps at Forminière's diamond installations in Kasai, 1959 The Société internationale forestière et minière du Congo (French; literally the "International Forestry and Mining Company of the Congo"), known as Forminière, was a lumber and mining company in the Belgian Congo (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). Founded by in 1906, the company began diamond mining in Kasai in 1913. At its height, Forminière was involved in gold and silver mining, cotton, palm and rubber cultivation, farming, sawmilling and even owned shops. The Belgian colonial state co-owned 50 percent of the company's capital, the rest being held largely by American shareholders.

Havannah Nature Reserve lies to the west of the village of Hazlerigg, approximately five miles north of Newcastle upon Tyne in the north of England. It was declared a nature reserve in 1998 and is designated a Site of Local Conservation Interest. A wildlife corridor runs through the site. Owned by Newcastle City Council and managed by Urban Green Newcastle, it is often referred to as Havannah and Three Hills Nature Reserve, so called after the drift mine and the slag heaps, which were located at the site when Hazlerigg Colliery was operational, from 1892 to 1964.

By 16 July, the 1st Canadian Division infantry had transferred from the south-west of Lens to the north- western fringe of Hill 70. On 22 July, the divisional artillery arrived and by 25 July was in position from the south of Liévin to Bully-Grenay, among mine workings, slag heaps and ruined villages, many next to light rail lines, the Canadians having inherited the preliminary work done by I Corps. Wire cutting had been going on since 11 July but there was no time for the fifteen-day preliminary bombardment laid down in the artillery plan of 11 July.

The name Loscoe derives from Old Norse words lopt and skógr, as in lopt í skógi, meaning "loft in a wood" or "wood with a loft house". It was recorded as Loscowe in 1277. Loscoe Manor formed part of the wider Draycott Estate; Richard and William de Draycott were recorded at Loscoe (or Loschowe) in 1401. The manor house was demolished in 1704. Loscoe's economy in the 19th and 20th centuries was dominated by coal mining: pit chimneys and slag heaps were prominent. Three mines operated: Old Loscoe (early 1830s – 1933), Bailey Brook (1847–1938) and Ormonde (1908–1970).

During this time, Y Fron was home to a bustling community and had several commercial outlets; Butcher/Abattoir, General store, Shoe shop, Post Office, Bakers, Barber, Chip shop, furniture store. Although Moel Tryfan quarry is closer to Rhosgadfan, the railway track which carried slate to Slate Quay in the Royal town of Caernarfon passed through Y Fron and around to the area called "Drumhead" near Bryn; (the road between Y Fron and Rhosgadfan). Some of the slate waste heaps or Slag heaps that were left behind from hundreds of years of mining are now being put to use as materials for roads.

South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal-mining district full of slag heaps, pit-heads () and miners' houses (). North of the canal, the city of Lille, Tourcoing and Roubaix formed a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at Armentières, Comines, Halluin and Menin, along the Lys river, with isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steel works near Aire-sur-la-Lys. Intervening areas were agricultural, with wide roads, which in France were built on shallow foundations or were unpaved mud tracks. Narrow pavé roads ran along the frontier and inside Belgium.

Spoil pile in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania Iizuka City, Japan, in the 1950s A spoil tip (also called a boney pile, gob pile, culm bank, waste tip or bing) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – waste material removed during mining. These waste materials are typically composed of shale, as well as smaller quantities of carboniferous sandstone and various other residues. Spoil tips are not formed of slag, but in some areas, such as England and Wales, they are referred to as slag heaps. The term "spoil" is also used to refer to material removed when digging a foundation, tunnel, or other large excavation.

Sproson was born Emily Lloyd on 13 April 1867 in West Bromwich in the West Midlands, England. She was one of seven children of Ann, ' Johnson, and her husband, John, a builder of canal boats; he was a heavy drinker, and the family lived in extreme poverty. In the mid-1870s the family moved to Wolverhampton and, at around the same time, Emma began to work part-time, running errands or picking coal off the local tips and slag heaps. In around 1876, at the age of nine, she left home and went into domestic service, although she was able to attend school four days a week.

The first step in the investigation of archaeometallurgical slag is the identification and macro-analysis of slag in the field. Physical properties of slag such as shape, colour, porosity and even smell are used to make a primary classification to ensure representative samples from slag heaps are obtained for future micro-analysis. For example, tap slag usually has a wrinkled upper face and a flat lower face due to contact with soil.Tumiati S. et al "The ancient mine of Servette (Saint-Marcel, Cal d’Aosta, Western Italian Alps): a mineralogical, metallurgical and charcoal analysis of furnace slags" in Archaeometry, 2005 vol 47 p317 to 340.

Cuesmes's geography is very convenient for the village as it is surrounded by villages and a city. The city of Mons gives protection from any invaders in the north east of the village, whilst the three towns, Hyon, Mesvin, and Ciply, give the village protection from the east. Its neighbouring town, Jemappes, has a road going through the middle of it called 'Rue de Cuesmes', this is because of how close they are together. As a whole, the village of Cuesmes is surrounded in Slag Heaps, this is because coal miners would dump large quantities of rock in areas, and they eventually built up into large hills around the mine shafts.

Speaking of his steel-town home city, he recalled William Faulkner (to whom he was compared),Jan Balabán Obituary, aktualne.centrum.cz, retrieved 19 August 2014 saying: "If you write about a place, you not only love it, but find much to hate." Also a connoisseur of the arts, Balabán's knowledge allowed him to write articles and essays for relevant art journals, exhibitions, catalogs and newspapers. A founding member of the group Prirozeni (The Natural – founded 1980), Balabán helped proliferate the underground arts community and rehabilitate the urban landscape by organizing exhibitions in attics, hallways, in subways and on slag heaps in the suburbs of Ostrava.

Because of increased costs and a fall in the price of iron, the mines closed in 1925. Operations continued for a few years extracting the valuable calcine dust from the slag heaps but traffic on the line finally ceased in 1929. The original kilns at Rosedale West are still visible, whilst the nearby engine shed was dismantled with the stone being used for the construction of the village hall at Hutton-le-Hole, further down the valley. The incline and the trackbed from the incline to Blakey Junction is now a public bridleway, part of which is followed by the Coast to Coast Walk and the Esk Valley Walk.

Diamond mining slag heaps in Bakwanga, Kasai, 1950 The company that is now known as MIBA was originally formed as La Societe Miniere du Beceka, in 1919, with the specific purpose of exploiting the mineral riches in the area of Mbuji-Mayi. In the 1950s, it was estimated that the city, then known as Bakwanga, and its surrounding area had the world's most important deposit of diamonds, with at least 300 million karats. Beceka transferred its assets to MIBA in 1961. Independence from Belgium did not necessarily slow the extraction of diamonds, but it did seriously affect MIBA's dominance of the region's diamond trade.

Mining was closed down in 1919 and equipment from the operation, including the other locomotive, was sold off in 1920. Mining continued on and off up until 1961. Little remains of the of the copper mine's operations today; the single remaining tall brick chimney that dominates the site is a remnant of the failed attempt at pyritic smelting, the Burraga Dam on Thompson's Creek survives as a popular angling venue, and there are remnant shafts and slag heaps at the sites of the mine and smelters. Studies around 2012 were being conducted looking for worthwhile lodes of copper and gold at the nearby Lucky Draw Gold Mine.

Outotec's technologies are used for applications such as producing base metals, processing iron ore, ferroalloys, and raw materials containing titanium, producing sulfuric acid, producing aluminium oxide and light metals, processing exhaust gases, coking, producing bioenergy, refining oil shale and oil sands, and treating industrial wastewater. Processes developed by Outotec enable aluminiferous clay, paper sludge, and slag heaps created during the process to be converted into raw materials for synthetic sapphire, biorefineries, or copper. Outotec's environment and energy business has grown alongside its traditional ore and metal technology. Mines and refineries consume enormous quantities of water and energy, but Outotec's applications enable a significant reduction in consumption.

In this early part of the 19th century, the area which is now Brynmill, Sketty, the Uplands and the university campus was where several of the owners of the "manufactories" lived, in large park-like estates well to the west of the Tawe. The workers were crammed along the banks of the Tawe and lived in poor conditions. The prevailing wind carried the smoke from the copper works to the east, towards St Thomas and Kilvey. A contemporary report written by a doctor describing Swansea Valley speaks of a nightmare landscape, "literally burnt" where few plants would grow, dotted with lifeless pools, slag heaps, mounds of scoriae and smoke from the works everywhere.

Lichens on a statue made of limestone on a tower of Regensburg Cathedral Lichens cover about 7% of the planet's surface and grow on and in a wide range of substrates and habitats, including some of the most extreme conditions on earth.In the Race to Live on Land, Lichens Didn't Beat Plants - The New York Times They are abundant growing on bark, leaves, and hanging from branches "living on thin air" (epiphytes) in rain forests and in temperate woodland. They grow on bare rock, walls, gravestones, roofs, and exposed soil surfaces. They can survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra, hot dry deserts, rocky coasts, and toxic slag heaps.

"An Impression of Lens, France, Seen from an Aeroplane- the Anglo- german (sic) Front Line, 1918" (oil on canvass, Richard Carline Art.IWMART2661) From Vimy Ridge the ground declines about into the Douai Plain; the valley of the Souchez river is about wide and flows south-west to north-east through the south of the city of Lens. In 1914, the river had several road and rail bridges. By 1917, much of the city was derelict due to years of artillery bombardments, the ruins being natural strongpoints overlooked by (slag heaps) and several hills, including Hill 70, Hill 65 and Sallaumines Hill forming a shallow, saucer-shaped depression in which the city lay.

Coal fly ash is a product that experiences heavy amounts of leaching during disposal. Though the re-use of fly ash in other materials such as concrete and bricks is encouraged, still much of it in the United States is disposed of in holding ponds, lagoons, landfills, and slag heaps. These disposal sites all contain water where washing effects can cause leaching of many different major elements, depending on the type of fly ash and the location where it originated. The leaching of fly ash is only concerning if the fly ash has not been disposed of properly, such as in the case of the Kingston Fossil Plant in Roane County, Tennessee.

South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal-mining district full of slag heaps, pit-heads () and miners' houses (). North of the canal, the city of Lille, Tourcoing and Roubaix formed a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at Armentières, Comines, Halluin and Menin, along the Lys river, with isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steel works near Aire-sur-la-Lys. Intervening areas were agricultural, with wide roads on shallow foundations and unpaved mud tracks in France and narrow pavé roads, along the frontier and in Belgium. In France, the roads were closed by the local authorities during thaws to preserve the surface and marked by , which were ignored by British lorry drivers.

South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal-mining district full of slag heaps, pit-heads () and miners' houses (). North of the canal, the city of Lille, Tourcoing and Roubaix formed a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at Armentières, Comines, Halluin and Menin, along the Lys river, with isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steel works near Aire-sur-la-Lys. Intervening areas were agricultural, with wide roads on shallow foundations and unpaved mud tracks in France and narrow pavé roads along the frontier and in Belgium. In France, the roads were closed by the local authorities during thaws, to preserve the surface and marked by , which were ignored by British lorry drivers.

Picromerite is found on comparatively few places, currently (2015) only about 40 localities are known. It was first identified in active volcanic fumaroles on Mt. Vesuvius by Arcangelo Scacchi in 1855 and has also been found in volcanic deposits on Mt. Etna and on Hawai'i. It is more commonly found in the kainite zones of some marine salt deposits, among them salt mines in Thuringia, Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt (Germany), near Hall in Tirol, Hallstatt and Bad Ischl (Austria), near Whitby (UK), and in the Carlsbad Potash District (New Mexico), also on salt lakes in western China. Picromerite can also form in sulfate-rich hydrothermal ore deposits and is found in slag heaps of some ore and coal mines.

Harvey S. Mudd, co-founder & president, Cyprus Mines Corporation The Cyprus Mines Corporation was an early twentieth century American mining company based in Cyprus. In 1914, Charles G. Gunther began prospecting in the Skouriotissa area after reading in ancient books that the island was rich in copper and noticing promising ancient Roman slag heaps in the area. The company was established in 1916 by Colonel Seeley W. Mudd, his son, Harvey Seeley Mudd, and mining engineer/business partner, Philip Wiseman, whose family, along with the Mudds, were the primary owners of Cyprus Mines until the early 1970s when it was sold to Amoco. According to the Climate Accountability Institute, Cyprus Amax was responsible for 0.1% of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions up to 2017.

South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal- mining district full of slag heaps, pit heads () and miners' houses (). North of the canal, the cities of Lille, Tourcoing and Roubaix form a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at Armentières, Comines, Halluin and Menen, along the Lys river, with isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steel works near Aire-sur-la-Lys. Intervening areas are agricultural, with wide roads on shallow foundations, unpaved mud tracks in France and narrow pavé roads along the frontier and in Belgium. In France, the roads were closed by the local authorities during thaws to preserve the surface and marked by , which in 1914 were ignored by British lorry drivers.

South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal- mining district full of slag heaps, pit-heads () and miners' houses (). North of the canal, the city of Lille, Tourcoing and Roubaix formed a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at Armentières, Comines, Halluin and Menin, along the Lys river. With isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steel works near Aire-sur-la-Lys, the intervening areas were agricultural, with wide roads on shallow foundations and unpaved mud tracks in France, narrow pavé roads along the frontier and in Belgium. In France, the roads were closed by the local authorities during thaws, to preserve the surface and marked by signs, which were ignored by British lorry drivers.

Commemorative stone at the entrance to Parc Taff Bargoed, for the three local collieries Footbridge between the two lakes in Parc Taff Bargoed. Built on the site of the former Taff Merthyr and Deep Navigation collieries, works involved moving the slag heap tips that had formerly buried the Taff Bargoed river After all three collieries closed, the combined site was extensively redeveloped, with the former slag heaps removed. As a result, the brick tunnel in which the Taff Bargoed river had been redirected in 1873 was removed, and a landscaped parkland created either side of two new lakes. Opened in time for the Millennium, the park was named Parc Taff Bargoed, now home to many local rugby and football teams.

The southern end of the A19 starts at the St Mary's Roundabout with the A630 Church Way and A638 just to the north of Doncaster itself near to the parish church; this junction has been improved in recent years. It leaves the A638 at the next roundabout as Bentley Road, and then winds its way over the East Coast Main Line, which it follows through Selby and York, through the suburb of Bentley passing the Shell Bentley Service Station, St Peter's church and the Druid's Arms and out into the countryside to the north of the urban area. It then passes the Pavilion exhibition centre. Much of the course of the southern section of the A19 runs through the old Yorkshire coalfield, with evidence of old slag-heaps and colliery buildings.

The battle was the British part of the Third Battle of Artois, an Anglo-French offensive (known to the Germans as the (Autumn Battle). Field Marshal Sir John French and Douglas Haig (GOC First Army), regarded the ground south of La Bassée Canal, which was overlooked by German-held slag heaps and colliery towers, as unsuitable for an attack, particularly given the discovery in July that the Germans were building a second defensive position behind the front position. At the Frévent Conference on 27 July, Field Marshal French failed to persuade Ferdinand Foch that an attack further north offered greater prospects for success. The debate continued into August, with Joffre siding with Foch and the British commanders being over-ruled by Herbert Kitchener, the British Secretary of State for War, on 21 August.

In geology, the "Tuscan metallogenic province" derived from volcanic intrusions into southern Etruria due to extension of the crust there (which also created a karst topography in western Italy) from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene.. This process emplaced iron oxide deposits on Elba, pyrite in southern Tuscany and various kinds of skarn including copper-bearing in the Colline Metallifere, called Etruria Mineraria in the Middle Ages.. The ancient slag-heaps are estimated to weigh 2–4 million tons, representing an annual iron production of between 1,600–2,000Ian Morris, Francoise Audouze, Cyprian Broodbank (1994): Classical Greece: Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies, Cambridge University Press, p. 102 and 10,000 tonsWertime, Theodore A. (1983): "The Furnace versus the Goat: The Pyrotechnologic Industries and Mediterranean Deforestation in Antiquity", Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 445–452 (451); Williams, Joey (2009): "The Environmental Effects of Populonia's Metallurgical Industry: Current Evidence and Future Directions", Etruscan and Italic Studies, Vol.

The plan was to break through both German lines and advance at least five miles, not least as Haig, Rawlinson and Gough all agreed that if they were to attack at all they needed to break beyond the slag heaps and colliery towers which dominated the battlefield. At this point Sir John French was still lobbying to conduct only an artillery diversion rather than a full attack, but First Army were still preparing to advance in case the French attacks further south caused the Germans to pull back. (Farrar-Hockley 1974, p. 166) Gough (22 August) proposed that 9th Scottish Division should "rush" the German positions on his left (Hohenzollern Redoubt, Fosse 8) just before dawn (4 am) after a barrage and gas attack, while the following night 7th Division would push through the Quarries to Citie St Elie.these planned advances are roughly north-east; together with Rawlinson's advance south-east the plan was to open a gap so that reserves could push due east to take Hulluch Haig recorded (1 September 1915) how "active and energetic" Gough and the artillery officer Noel Birch were, and insisted that Rawlinson (who proposed a limited stage-by-stage operation) also use gas for his initial attack.Lloyd 2006, pp. 49–53Sheffield 2005, p.