336 Sentences With "sinuate" | Random Sentence Generator

Specimens minute, high-spired, loxonematoid shells with slightly sinuate transverse costae on ephebic whorls.

The dark fuscous hindwings are ovate triangular, the termen slightly rounded and hardly perceptibly sinuate.

Forewing oblong suboval and narrow. Costa slightly curved at ends. Apex projecting, pointed. Termen deeply sinuate below apex.

Perennial, tomentose. Roots very thick. Flowering stems 20–80 cm. Radical leaves pinnatifid, sinuate or entire, reaching 16 cm long.

The suture is impressed. The body whorl is very short and slightly inflated. The aperture is ovate. The columella is sinuate.

They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a long broad sinuate gallery. The cocoon is white.

The ground colour of the wings is yellow, with a sinuate antemedial line and a fine postmedial line on the forewings.

Anthers sinuate, in a globose head. Pollen unknown. Female flowers 1–3 clustered (strongly reduced raceme). Pedicels 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous.

It may be confused with the poisonous Entoloma sinuatum both in Europe or North America, though this species has pink sinuate gills.

The outer lip is tenuous and widely sinuate. The smooth columella is almost upright. The broad siphonal canal is oblique.Melvill J.C. 1899.

There is a brown transverse line in the basal one-third and an orange one somewhat sinuate in the outer one-third.

The specific name is derived from the Latin sinuo (meaning bend) and refers to the sinuate free saccular extension of the male genitalia.

Abdomen whitish. Forewings sub- lanceolate with a straight costa. Apex pointed and termen faintly sinuate. Forewings whitish ochreous, towards costa becoming bright ochreous.

The plicae are delicate, oblique, about thirteen in number, and very short, commencing at the median angle and scarcely reaching the suture below. The aperture and the long siphonal canal measure about ½ the total length. The outer lip is tenuous, widely sinuate and prominently arcuate in the middle, and near the suture slightly sinuate. The columella is smooth and almost upright.

Hippodamia sinuata, the sinuate lady beetle, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America and Oceania.

The specific name is derived from Greek ichnion (meaning a small track or trail) and refers to the pale, sinuate streak on the forewing.

The outer lip is thin. The columellar margin is sinuate. The siphonal canal is wide but little produced. Akin to Ceritoturris pupiformis E.A. Smith, 1884.

Psilocybe zapotecorum gills are a cream color when young and violet brown in age, with an attachment that is sinuate or adnate, and sometimes subdecurrent.

Stamens 3, reduced to staminodia in female flowers. Anthers in male flowers sinuate, in a globose head. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous. Style columnar, yellowish to buff.

The siphonal canal is short. The outer lip is varicose and strongly sinuate at its top. The columella is almost straight and has a thin callus.

The specific name is derived from Latin sinuatus (meaning bend or curve) and refers to the sinuate apex of the lateral anellar arms in the male.

The aperture measures about half the total length of the shell. The outer lip is thin. It is deeply sinuate at the suture. The columella is wrinkled.

The outer lip is incrassate and slightly sinuate above. The short siphonal canal is narrow. Smith E.A. (1884). Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum.

The species name is derived from Latin undulatus (meaning undulated) and the postfix -ellus and refers to the sinuate caudal margin of the uncus in the male genitalia.

The columella is straight. The outer lip is sharp and slightly sinuate below.Sowerby G.B. III. (1896). List of the Pleurotomidae of South Australia, with descriptions of some new species.

One remaining sinuate transverse patch lies in the posteriormost part. It might look similar to Chrysocoris marginellus but differs in having smaller size and much broader and thicker antennae.

The numerous lirae are tenuous. The violet aperture is irregularly sinuate. The outer lip is incrassate and shows four teeth on the inside region. The sinus is below the suture.

The length of the acuminate-ovate, white shell attains 7.5 mm, its diameter mm. It contains 7 whorls. The aperture is narrow. The outer lip is thickened and slightly sinuate.

Elytral suture not deflected near apex. Elytral apex without internal interlocking tongue. Epipleuron absent or incomplete, or complete; not or gradually narrowed. Lateral edge of elytron straight or weakly sinuate. Pterothorax.

The sticky loments that many people find attached to their shoes and pants are arranged in a row of 2-6 superiorly sinuate and inferiorly triangular segments and appear August–October.

Very dark reddish brown or black, smooth, sinuate; head with three sharp points and a broad truncation in front; segments of the abdomen and the front with small acute tubercular projections.

The cap grows from 5 to 15 cm in diameter. The gills are dark rust-brown; broad, distant and shallowly sinuate. The spores are also rust-brown. The flesh is light brown.

The crossings with the longitudinal ribs are nodose. The subquadratic interstices are deeply impressed. The siphonal canal is short and open. The outer lip is sharp and slightly sinuate at the posterior end.

The aperture is wide. The outer lip is arcuate with the posterior part slightly sinuate. Sowerby III, G. B. (1896). List of the Pleurotomidae of South Australia, with descriptions of some new species.

The size of an adult shell varies between 11 mm and 22 mm. The shell is wax-yellow. It is narrowly sinuate with the anal sinus pretty deep.George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.

The aperture is fairly wide. The outer lip is thin and backwards slightly sinuate. The columella is rather straight. .It is a shell of simple character, with a rather long spire and short mouth.

The growing tip is open, fluffy, with a slightly reddish tinge. The whitish young leaves are also hairy. The medium to large leaves are lobed and strongly sinuate. The petiole sinus is U-shaped.

Leaves are unequal paired; stalk 2–3.5 cm, prickly; leaf blade ovate-oblong, 4–9 × 2–4.5 cm, prickly along veins, margin usually 5–9-lobed or pinnately parted, lobes unequal, sinuate, apex acute.

The outer lip is thin and slightly sinuate. The columella is slightly twisted and covered with a very small callus. The short siphonal canal is narrow and slightly twisted to the left. Smith E.A. (1882).

The outer lip is incrassate and has a crenulated margin. Its upper part is moderately sinuate. The siphonal canal is short and narrow. The uniform brown colour and the fine reticulation are the chief characteristics.

The aperture is narrow and measures about 2/5 of the total length. The white outer lip is incrassate and on top slightly sinuate. The siphonal canal is short and narrow. The columella is simple.

The cap is convex, brownish grey, and grows 1 to 3 cm in diameter. It can also be off-white or brownish-black. The gills are crowded, white, and somewhat sinuate. The spores are white.

Ratio of pronotal length to greatest pronotal width 0.4–1.05. Prothorax widest anteriorly, or at middle, or posteriorly. Sides of prothorax more or less straight, or sinuate. Prothorax not laterally compressed to form cavities for legs.

The outer lip is rather incrassate and sinuate in the excavation. The columella is twisted, callous and shows a small tubercle at the top.Smith E.A. (1877). Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum.

Mesosternal process horizontal and flattened with raised tip. Protibia tridentate with long, tapering teeth grouped together at the tip. Clypeus tucked in, simply sinuate. Pronotum with the basal median lobe only covering the base of the scutellum.

Gills can be subadnate to sinuate, and are closely aligned. They are cream to light brown or brownish-yellow, becoming purple brown as the spores mature. The edges are hairy, with small tufts (sub floccose) and whitish.

Burmagomphus pyramidalis, sinuate clubtail, is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. There are 2 subspecies, where they are geographically separated.Odonata: Catalogue of the Odonata of the World.

The cap is broadly conical to convex, light amber-brown, ribbed, and grows up to 3 cm in diameter. It is ribbed almost to the centre. The gills are salmon pink and sinuate. The spores are pink.

Agrilus sinuatus, known generally as the sinuate peartree borer or hawthorn jewel beetle, is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in Europe & Northern Asia (excluding China) and North America.

The length of the ovate, dirty white shell attains 6.5 mm, its diameter mm. It contains whorls. The outer lip is conspicuously thin, very dilated laterally and slightly sinuate on top. The columella has a slight callus.

The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are pale violet grey with whitish reflections, irrorated (sprinkled) grey and with the costal edge pale grey yellowish, near the base dark grey. The plical and second discal stigmata are small, cloudy and dark fuscous and there is an irregularly sinuate fuscous shade from beneath the costal edge at two-thirds, passing behind the second discal, obsolete towards the dorsum. There is a rather curved connected series of cloudy fuscous dots from the costa at four-fifths to the tornus, hardly sinuate near the costa.

The narrow aperture measure about ½ the total length. The columella is straight and shows two- minute tubercles in the middle. and has a narrow callus. The outer lip is hardly incrassate and is slightly sinuate at the top.

The wingspan is 45–48 mm. The forewing outer margin is distinctly sinuate before the tornus. The labial palps are longer than in any other Proserpinus species and somewhat projecting. The underside of the abdomen is brownish orange.

The gills are adnate to sinuate and close to subclose. They are whitish, yellowish grey when young, becoming dark violaceous brown to sepia brown with age; the edges remain slightly whitish. Psilocybe caerulescens spores are dark violaceous brown.

The siphonal canal is very short and wide. It is slightly recurved. The thin outer lip is slightly sinuate under the excavation of the suture. The white columella is callous, slightly arcuate in the middle and below obliquely twisted.

Adults have been recorded on wing in early July. The larvae feed on Sasa, Pleioblastus and Bambusa species, as well as Eccoilopus cotulifer. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a sinuate-linear gallery.

The others are slightly concave above the suture and then slightly obtuse. The aperture is narrow and measures almost half the length of the shell. The outer lip is sinuate close to the suture. The columella is straight and oblique.

The aperture is lunate, narrow, subvertical, milky white within, rounded below. The peristome is thin, slightly sinuate below, and nearly vertical near the columella. The width of the shell is 13.2-15.2 mm. The height of the shell is 7.8 mm.

The upper portion of the median area is broadly grayish black. The hindwings are concolorous with the forewings, but with a sinuate, grayish-black median band and a brownish-red extradiscal band, separated by a prominent stripe of the ground color.

It contains 12 axial ribs on the penultimate whorl. The aperture is narrow and long. It measures about half of the total length of the shell. The outer lip shows 9 small denticles and is slightly sinuate at the top.

It contains 10 straight axial ribs on the penultimate whorl. The aperture is slightly narrow and long. The outer lip is incrassate at the lowest rib and is slightly sinuate at the top. The siphonal canal is short and fairly narrow.

The forewings are grey, with white lines. The inner line followed by a moderate black shade. The terminal area is dark, with only traces of a pale sinuate subterminal line. Adults have been recorded on wing in July and November.

The scar flaps on the back are swollen. The pods are compressed, their flaps are flattened. Leaves whole or slightly sinuate, lanceolate, attenuated on a short petiole. Pedicels are 10-12 mm in anthesis, 12-17 mm in fruiting, erect- patents.

The outer lip is tenuous, rather widely sinuate and prominently arcuate in the middle. The columella is curved in the middle with below a slight callus. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology ser. 7 vol.

The forewings are dark brown with a purple lustre. The pattern is dark milky yellow. The costal blotch is well developed and found at three-fourths of the costa. The termen is sinuate, with a yellowish white line along the margin.

The forewings are yellowish brown-grey, with a subbasal chocolate patch on the inner margin, an antemedian transverse line to the base of vein two and a strongly angled and sinuate postmedian brown line beyond which is a less strongly marked and less sinuate line on the outer edge of which between vein six and the costa are three dark-brown dots. The hindwings are yellowish cinnamon, with darker hairs on the abdominal area and a median shadow line, as well as a dark-cinnamon postmedian line.Rothschild, W. 1917c. Some new moths of the families Arctiidae and Eupterotidae.

The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are greyish brown, with a peculiar brassy grey (in some lights almost greenish) metallic sheen. Some almost obsolete darker markings are scarcely discernible; a small patch on the upper edge of the cell at about one-third, a sinuate streak from the costa beyond the middle, bowed outward and apparently continued to the dorsum at two-thirds, and a somewhat similar sinuate line nearer to the apex, also bowed outward at its middle and produced downward to the tornus. There is also a dark spot at the end of the cell.

One species, M. titans, has a cap that can reach a metre (40 in) in diameter. The white gills are sinuate. The flesh is white and does not change colour when bruised. The stipe is white and often has a swollen base.

The aperture is elongate and pear-shaped. The outer lip is tenuous, widely sinuate and prominently arcuate in the middle. The columella is upright in the middle and oblique anteriorly. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology ser.

The flesh is dark purple to black. All mushroom parts stain red in potassium hydroxide. The thick wide dark blue gills are sinuate. The pale violet stipe is high and wide at the top and wide at the base, which is bulbous.

The aperture is narrow and measures about half the total length. The white outer lip is incrassate and on top slightly sinuate. The siphonal canal is short and narrow. The brown band on the body whorl is more decided towards the outer lip.

The length of the ovate-fusiform, pink to purple, semitransparent shell attains 6 mm, its diameter 2½ mm. It contains 6 whorls. The aperture is small. The outer lip is much thickened and slightly sinuate on top..The columella has a slight callus.

Below they show a series of 10 large tubercles The aperture is small, measuring 3/8 of the total length. The outer lip is slightly sinuate above the nodules. The siphonal canal is very short. The general colour of this shell is dirty yellowish,.

The costal half of the wing has a green ground colour, while the dorsal half is creamy, dusted with ferrugineous. The dividing line is sinuate. The hindwings are pale grey-brown, indistinctly marbled with darker., 1979: Revision of the genus Beryllophantis Meyrick (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae).

It is on the body whorl alone, which is slightly effusely ventricose, that these gemmules appear, which are extremely beautiful microscopic objects. The aperture is wide. The outer lip is effuse and slightly incrassate. The sinus, sinuate just below the suture, is very broad.

Phiala cunina is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Pieter Cramer in 1780. It is found in Cameroon, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Adults are snowy white, the wings with black external borders traversed by a deeply dentate-sinuate white line.

The abdomen has ventral welts and large spiracles with sinuate slits. Adults commonly feed on the blood of mammals. They are able to reopen wounds that are almost completely healed. Mouthpart morphology in the genus ranges from sponging mouthparts to mouths with rasping teeth.

The length of the forewings is 8.5–9 mm for males and 9–9.6 mm for females. Adults have dark brown forewings, irregularly streaked with heavy, sinuate, white to pale buff lines. They are on wing from December to February in one generation per year.

The length of the ovate, dirty white, semitransparent shell attains 10.5 mm, its diameter 3½ mm. It contains 7½ whorls. The aperture is ovate. The outer lip is thickened close to the lowest rib and is hardly sinuate..The columella has a slight callus.

Ethmia cordia is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in eastern Mexico. The length of the forewings is . The ground color of the forewings is divided by a sinuate (wavy), longitudinal line and is dark brown above and white below to the dorsum.

The wingspan is about 54 mm. The forewings are yellowish vitreous strongly opalescent with numerous indistinct crenulate and sinuate transverse darker markings, these latter being almost absent in the basal three-fifths of the wings.Rothschild, W. 1917c. Some new moths of the families Arctiidae and Eupterotidae.

There is no distinctive odour, and the taste is mild or slightly bitter.Guzmán-Dávalos et al. 2009, p. 199. The thick gills can be adnate (connected to the stem by the entire depth of the gill) or sinuate (wavy, with the gills becoming shallower than deeper).

Males are pale yellow and their forewing is crossed with diffuse, sinuate olivaceous bands. The female forewing is dark fuscous with a wide, contrasting, pale fascia along the costa. In some females this pattern is less contrasting. The larvae feed on Erechtites hieraciifolia and Waltheria ovata.

The aperture is very narrow and measures about 3/7 of the total length. The outer lip is incrassate with about 6 denticules within and is somewhate sinuate at the top. The siphonal canal is narrow, short and truncate. The colouring of this species is very remarkable.

The abdomen is bronzy-fuscous, suffusedly annulated with whitish. The legs are whitish mixed with bronzy-fuscous. The pale bronzy-fuscous mixed with dark fuscous forewings are moderate, the costa hardly arched, the apex pointed, the termen markedly sinuate (wavy) and oblique. The markings are snow-white.

Fruitbodies have bell-shaped to convex caps measuring in diameter. The cap surface is smooth, and bears a small papilla. Its color, initially cinnamon, later becomes cream to light orange, or yellowish brown when dried. The closely crowded gills have a somewhat adnate to sinuate attachment to the stipe.

It is long, slim, and cylindrical. Cortinal remnants often left on the stem in this species can be quite fleeting. The gills are adnate, markedly sinuate, and fairly crowded. They are initially blood-red, but turn cinnamon- brown on aging, giving a spore print of the same colour.

The thorax is pale ochreous suffused with light purplish fulvous. The abdomen is pale ochreous with purple points. The forewings are oblong truncate, costa moderately sinuate (wavy). They are light fulvous (tawny) evenly suffused with light grey, with a purple tinge and in certain lights with a golden gloss.

Female is very variable, but resembles the male in markings. On the upperside however, the terminal areas on both forewings and hindwings that are black in the male are silky brown on the forewing, the inner sinuate margin of the same posteriorly black; on the hindwing the terminal brown area encloses an irregular sinuate black band that does not extend either to the costa or the dorsum. The ground colour of the forewing in some specimens is faintly pink fading to white outwardly; on the hindwing the ground colour is white, as in the male. In other specimens the ground colour on both forewings and hindwings is entirely white or pinkish orange.

The oblique ribs are the thickest at their upper ends. The purplish-pink color is deepened at the middle of the body whorl, forming an obscure spiral band. The aperture equals the 2/5 of the length of the shell. The thin outer lip is sinuate close to the suture.

Ethmia penthica is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in southern Mexico. The length of the forewings is . The pattern of the forewings is divided by a sinuate (wavy) line, forming three broad, triangulate to nearly U-shaped projections of costal brown into the white ground color.

It will sometimes slowly develop pinkish discoloration when cut. The closely spaced gills have a sinuate attachment to the stem, and are interspersed with short gills (lamellulae). They are pale gray and sometimes have black spots. The whitish stem measures by thick, and is nearly equal in width throughout its length.

Tricholoma mutabile is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma. Found in Yuba County, California, it was first described scientifically in 1996. It has a grayish convex cap that is wide, a white stalk measuring long by thick. The white gills are sinuate, and turn pale golden brown in maturity.

There is a smaller spot obliquely below this, bisected by vein 4. The hindwings have a sinuate termen. The colour is as the forewings, but there is one translucent spot only. It is located towards the base on dorsal side of the cell and is elongate-ovoid and narrower towards base.

The hindwing ground colour is white. The internal area is white, with a discoidal spot, basicostally often with an auxiliary spot. The medial line is sinuate, the distal half approaching the discoidal spot, then turning towards the dorsum. The external area is pale brown to grey with a dotted marginal line.

The outer lip is incrassate and slightly sinuate at the top. The short siphonal canal is narrow.Smith, E.A. (1888) Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 2, 300–317 It is closely related to Leiocithara porcellanea Kilburn, 1992 from South Africa.

The length of the shell attains 19 mm, its diameter 7 mm. The elongate-ovate shell contains about nine whorls of which three in the protoconch. The aperture is large, measuring 9/19 of the total length. The outer lip is slightly incrassate, dentate at its margin and sinuate below the suture.

Calliprora rhodogramma is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas).Calliprora at funet The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The forewings are dark purple-fuscous with a pale yellowish median streak from the base to two-fifths and a pale yellowish sinuate transverse streak before the middle.

Posterior edge of pronotum more or less straight or evenly rounded, or distinctly sinuate or variously lobed; simple; not or vaguely margined, or with narrow raised margin or bead. Discal carinae of pronotum absent, or located on posterior angles only. Pronotal disc without paired basal impressions. Pronotum without median longitudinal groove or line.

The distal margin of the forewing is deeply sinuate. The hindwing is narrow and the costal margin is clearly dilated near the base. The upperside of the head and thorax is green. The forewing upperside has a green space between the antemedian and postmedian lines, contrasting with the rest of the wing.

Ethmia trifurcella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in North America from Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky to North Carolina and northern Florida and westward, Nuevo León, Arizona and Wyoming. The length of the forewings is . The pattern of the forewings is divided longitudinally by a somewhat sinuate (wavy) line.

Wood fibers are relatively thick-walled. The wavy, somewhat fleshy leaves are set alternating along the stems, 2–13 cm long and 1–3 cm wide, oblong to oblanceolate. They are sinuate to pinnately partite, while the main vein in each lobe extends into an acute tip. The leaf is pinnately veined.

Solid in shape, they resemble members of the genus Tricholoma. The ivory to light grey-brown cap is up to 20 cm (8 in) across with a margin that is rolled inward. The sinuate gills are pale and often yellowish, becoming pink as the spores develop. The thick whitish stem has no ring.

The columella is a little oblique and is callous. The outer lip is tenuous, widely sinuate and prominently arcuate in the middle. Melvill J.C. 1899. Notes on the Mollusca of the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, mostly dredged by Mr F. W. Townsend, with descriptions of twenty-seven species.

Calyx teeth 1.5–3.5 mm long, lanceolate to (narrow) triangulate, erect to reflexed. Corolla 1.5–3 cm long, whitish cream to pale yellow, rarely dull orange-brown with conspicuous green venation, lobes 0.9–2 cm. Stamens 3, reduced to staminodia in female flowers. Anthers in male flowers sinuate, in a globose head.

Underside: slightly shiny, silken brown, deepening to purplish brown towards the termen and on hindwing. Forewing: a pale whitish, irregular, somewhat diffuse discal patch; cell crossed by six very slender obscure sinuate white lines, that give the cell the appearance of being crossed by three short brown bands; an irregular postdiscal sinuate transverse series of brown lunules of a shade slightly darker than the ground colour, those on the anterior portion of the wing are very slender and thread-like, those posteriorly broad and formed into somewhat annular transverse spots, the lower spots cross the discal whitish area; a subterminal series of black dots continued along the apical half of the costa. Hindwing: crossed by more or less obscure, catenulated, dark brown, interrupted bands that are margined on the inner and outer sides by snort, thread-like, darker, sinuate lines; a short, maculate, dark purple, transverse band from the middle of the dorsum to vein 4; and a subterminal series of minute black dots that is continued both subcostally and subdorsally to the base of the wing. Female similar to the male but the colour and markings both on the upper and under sides duller.

The thick gills are light ochre-coloured, changing to a rust-brown with age as the spores mature. They have an adnate or sinuate connection to the stipe. The stipe is tall, and thick with a tapering base. It is the same colour or slightly paler than the cap, and is yellowish at the top.

Ethmia sphenisca is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in North America in the high mountains of Arizona and north-western and central Mexico. The length of the forewings is . The ground color of the forewings is divided by a sinuate (wavy) longitudinal line running from the base to the termen.

The forewings are dark violet fuscous. The stigmata are black, the plical and first discal moderately large, the plical rather anterior, the second discal dot-like, an additional dot beneath it. There is a pale ochreous terminal band of even width, sprinkled fuscous except along the sinuate anterior edge. The hindwings are pale grey.

There it continues to mine the cambium layer, creating a sinuate "zig- zag" trail down the trunk. The mines are the longest of any known bark or stem miner, ranging to seven meters with a maximum width of 2.4 mm. At times they may extend all the way down the trunk to the roots.

The ribs are broad and low, crowded above, and becoming more spaced as growth proceeds. They become evanescent on the last half whorl, discontinuous from whorl to whorl, amounting to eight on the penultimate, sometimes lightly impressed and sometimes interrupted by the fasciole, which is not otherwise apparent. The suture is sinuate. The aperture is fusiform.

Panegyra metria is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ghana.Afro Moths The wingspan is about 10.5 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is grey-brown and the costa whitish to two-thirds, with three sinuate concavities from the second of which a fascia extends to before The mid-dorsum.

The first similar to Temnora livida, but smaller, the forewing inner margin is less sinuate and the forewing upperside has a subapical costal brown patch which is the only distinct marking. The second form has an additional dark oblique line, basally edged with pale grey. The forewing outer margin is sharply spotted with brown on the veins.

Baliospermum montanum is a stout under-shrub 0.9-1.8m in height with herbaceous branches from the roots. Leaves are simple, sinuate-toothed, upper ones small, lower ones large and sometimes palmately 3-5 lobed. Flowers are numerous, arranged in axillary racemes with male flowers above and a few females below. Fruits are capsules, 8- 13mm long and obovoid.

Forewings very elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, faintly sinuate in middle, apex very obtusely rounded, termen rounded, little oblique; pale brownish-ochreous, irregularly suffused with fuscous towards costa, posterior half of wing sprinkled with dark fuscous specks with some fuscous suffusion, terminal edge suffused with fuscous: cilia fuscous. Hindwings pale greyish; cilia whitish, with faint greyish basal shade.

Kobyashiceras is represented by large orthoconic shells with a circular cross section and an overall gradual rate of expansion that varies from near zero to 2.5 degrees. Surface ornamentation consists of weakly sinuate transverse lirae. Sutures are straight, transverse to slightly oblique. In the largest specimen the body chamber reaches a diameter of approximately 52 mm.

The plical stigma is very small, elongate and dark fuscous, the second discal forming a rather large roundish dark fuscous spot. There is a subterminal series of indistinct fuscous subcrescentic dots sinuate inwards towards the costa. A marginal series of dark fuscous dots is found around the apex and termen. The hindwings are rather dark grey.

Anania crocealis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1796 and is found in Europe. The wingspan is 22–25 mm. Forewings yellow-ochreous ; lines fuscous, first curved, second curved, strongly sinuate inwards below middle ; orbicular dot and linear discal mark fuscous ; a dark fuscous terminal line.

There are two indistinct transverse lines of whitish irroration from white dots on the costa, the first at one-third, straight, the second sinuate-oblique from the costa at three-fifths, abruptly angulated at one-third, then thrice zigzag to the dorsum at two-thirds. The hindwings are dark grey.Meyrick E. 1921b. Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera.

The 16 longitudinal ribs and the transverse lirae (5–6 in the penultuimate whorl, 18–20 in the body whorl) are produced into acute nodules at the points of intersection. The small aperture is narrow. The outer lip is slightly incrassate, distinctly sinuate and shows about six small denticles inside. The wide siphonal canal is very short.

Lanelater mastersii can reach a length of about . The body is dark brown or black, while antennae are reddish. Prothorax is longer than the width, the sides are lightly rounded and the posterior angles are divergent and prolonged backwards. Elytra are as broad as the thorax at the base, lightly sinuate and gradually narrowed, rounded at the apex.

The others are convex and show 7-8, almost straight and strong ribs extending to the base of the body whorl. These are crossed overall by slight spiral striations, (eight in the body whorl). The aperture is oblong and measures almost one-half of the total length of the shell. The outer lip is strongly incrassate and slightly sinuate.

Macrocybe crassa form solid, large mushrooms that can weigh up to . The cap is from across, with rare specimens up to in diameter. Cream- white to yellow- or grey-brown with a darker centre, the cap is initially convex before expanding out and flattening, sometimes with a central boss. The crowded cream to white gills are adnexed to sinuate.

The genus Diachasmimorpha has traditionally been defined by the morphology of their apically sinuate ovipositor. D. longicaudata has a body length of between 2.8 and 5.4 mm. The adult male is smaller than the female with a body length of up to 4.0 mm. The body is a reddish-brown color and antennae are longer than the body.

Above the second of the row is a smaller similar patch and there are also black spots on the costa at the basal third, the middle and two-thirds. The third inwardly margins a narrow sinuate white fascia on the costa. The hindwings are silvery grey, deeper toward the apex. The larvae feed on Ceanothus americanus.

FEMALE The fastigium is concave with upraised margins and bumps laterally on posterior margin. Posterior margin of pronotum sinuate with broad indent medially, sometimes with small v within the broad indentation (Bigelow, 1967). The character differentiating S. minutus from S. childi is the absence of a second pronotum suculus. MALE Genitalia: principal lobes of lophi tongue- shaped, Mesal lobes very round projecting medially.

These are about eighteen in number, somewhat acute, and do not reach to the suture above, but terminate at the depression at the upper part of the whorls. The transverse lirae are fine, contiguous, and continuous over and between the ribs. The white aperture measures about half the length of the shell. The thin outer lip is slightly sinuate at its top.

A basal spot, a dot in the disc beyond this, a transverse discal spot at two-fifths, and a larger irregular transverse spot beneath this nearly reach the margin. There is an irregular sinuate transverse line at three-fourths, as well as two confluent round spots and a dot below them on the upper part of the termen.Exotic Microlepidoptera. 3 (17): 520.

The outer lip is thin, posteriorly wide but not deeply sinuate. The shell lacks an operculum. The enormously expanded rostrum, and the absence of eyes, radula, and operculum, at once separate this genus from any which it approaches in shell-character.E.A. Smith (1895) I.—Natural history notes from H.M. Indian marine survey steamer ‘Investigator,’ commander C. F. Oldham, R.N.—Series II., No. 19.

The posterior margin is yellowish white at the base. The antemedian line is yellowish white and straight, its posterior half is tinged with black on the inside and ocherous yellow on the outside. The postmedian and subterminal lines are greyish white, slightly sinuate and nearly parallel. The cilia is rosy mixed with greyish brown, with a fine yellowish-white basal line.

Diachasmimorpha is a genus of the Opiinae subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps and was first described in 1913. It is a small genus relatively restricted to the subtropics but also includes species in the Nearctic and northern Neotropical Regions. The genus is most clearly defined by an apical sinuate ovipositor, which is a synapomorphic character and defines a monophyletic lineage.

The gills have an adnate to sinuate attachment to the stipe, and are crowded closely together. There are between three and nine tiers of lamellulae—short gills that do not extend completely from the cap edge to the stipe. The gills are dingy white, and frequently stain reddish brown. The stipe is long and thick, and becomes hollow in age.

The fruit bodies of Melanoleuca are small to medium size (pileus 10–120 mm in diameter). The pileus is convex becoming depressed at the center, it is usually dry and white, brown, ocher, or grey. The gills are adnexed, sinuate, adnate, or subdecurrent, white to yellowish. The stipe is central, cylindrical or slightly swollen at the base, dry and longitudinally striate.

It may be slightly raised at the front, forming a notch up to 1.1 cm long. It bears ribs up to 0.5 mm high and spaced up to 1 mm apart. The inner margin of the peristome is lined with very small but distinct teeth measuring 0.5–1 mm in length. The outer margin is recurved and may be sinuate to some degree.

The species is long and has an ochreous head and thorax. Its antennae are white while its forewings are elongate and quite narrow. The leading edge of the wing is moderately arched while its termen is oblique, sinuate, ochre yellowish and located right before the costa. Hindwings are smaller than the forewings and have quite long cilium which are light ochreous yellow.

The bitter-tasting greenish-yellow flesh is thick and firm, and lacks any distinct odor. Gills have an attached to sinuate attachment to the stipe when young, which often becomes deeply emarginate (notched near the stipe) later. They are broad and closely spaced, with intervening lamellae (short gills). Initially yellowish olive, the gills become pinkish cinnamon as the spores mature.

The forewings are shiny grey, with silvery or whitish shading in the median area. The subterminal line is heavy and almost straight near the costa and the basal patch is white. The reniform spot is obscure and the postmedial line is sinuate. Adults are on wing from April to September in up to three generations per year in the south.

Sculpture:—The radials are discontinuous, vertical, moderately prominent ribs, which diminish at the sutures and vanish on the base, and are set at ten to a whorl. The spirals are prominent cords which override the ribs, four on the penultimate whorl and twelve on the body whorl. Of these the anterior five run across the snout and are beaded. The Apertureis sinuate.

The second line is also white, but sharply defined, running from the middle of the costa to three-fourths of the disc, and then acutely angulated to beyond the middle of the dorsum, somewhat sinuate inwards towards the costa and dorsum. The hindwings are grey, but darker posteriorly. There are indications of a cloudy whitish dot towards the termen below the middle.

The forewings are fuscous, with a faint purplish tinge, and whitish reflections, as well as a moderate white dorsal streak from the base to the tornus, the edge sinuate in the middle. There is a small white spot on the end of the cell. The hindwings are white, with a fuscous apical patch occupying about two-fifths of the wing.Exotic Microlepidoptera.

The forewings are white, with dark grey markings, the basal fascia hardly reaching the dorsum and the subbasal fascia angled, interrupted at the middle. The median fascia is broad and incised at the middle and there is a single black dot between the median and the terminal fascia. This terminal fascia runs along the termen and is sinuate. The hindwings are grey.

Underside: as in the male, but the apical area of the forewing and the whole surface of the hindwing tinged more or less with ochraceous. In many individuals (probably of the dry-season broods) this ochraceous tint is very marked. Forewing: with posterior black spots as in the male. Hindwing: an irregular discal sinuate macular brown band that is often obsolescent.

There are dorsal and subdorsal white lines from the base, terminated by a slightly sinuate pointed white streak from the dorsum slightly before the middle reaching three-fourths across the wing and there is a postmedian band of seven longitudinal white lines, the uppermost short, oblique, slightly interrupted, the next two moderate, the fourth short, the fifth and sixth longest, oblique and the seventh dorsal. Just beyond these is a sinuate white transverse streak on the dorsal half, followed by a violet- silvery-metallic transverse streak angulated above the middle and terminated on the costa by a white mark. Close beyond this a brown streak along the termen extended along the prominence to the apex, but with a short branch to the costa near the preceding, beyond this a small white triangular costal spot. The hindwings are fuscous.Exot. Microlep.

Ethmia similatella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found from western Mexico (Sinaloa) to Honduras, Guatemala and Costa Rica. The length of the forewings is . The color pattern similar to Ethmia penthica, but the longitudinal line dividing the brown and whitish areas is less sinuate (wavy) so that the lobes of brown into white and the intervening white projections are less regularly U-shaped.

Jasione montana Sheep's bit scabious is a low biennial or occasionally annual plant growing up to about one foot tall with suberect stems that branch near the base. The leaves are linear, lanceolate, narrow at the base, sinuate, stiffly hairy and forming a rosette. The small violet-blue flowers are in small heads. The bracts are smooth or hairy and the petals have narrow lobes.

Adults are semitransparent rosy tawny, with slender black veins. The forewings have a short black bar across the end of the cell and the external border is dark grey, dentate-sinuate internally, broad at the apex and narrow at the external angle. The hindwings have a black discocellular dash, the external border rather broadly blackish, enclosing six spots of the ground colour.Butler, A. G. 1896a.

Stems are often rooting when becoming in contact with the soil. The leaves are entire, often dentate or sinuate with extra floral nectaries. Dependent of the species leaves can be thin to succulent. Particularly on the underside of the leaves, tiny air bubbles are trapped over and under the leaf surface, giving them a silvery sheen that becomes pronounced when they are held under water.

It is fibrous, hollow, fairly tough when rolled in the fingers, with dimensions of long by thick. The flesh is without a distinctive taste or smell, and is thin, with pale lilac coloration. The gills are colored as the cap, often quite distantly spaced, and are dusted by the white spores; their attachment to the stem is sinuate--having a concave indentation before attaching to the stem.

The stigmata are black, the discal approximated, the second larger, the plical obliquely before the first discal. The subterminal line obscure and whitish-green, from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, somewhat sinuate inwards on the upper half. Two blackish dots are found on the costa towards the apex and termen beneath the apex. The hindwings are dark fuscous.Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.

The forewings are dark fuscous, slightly purplish tinged. The stigmata are black, the plical slightly beyond the first discal, both these edged posteriorly with a few white scales, the second discal mixed with white scales. There is an obscure pale whitish-ochreous dot on the costa at four- fifths, with traces of a very faint sinuate transverse line from it. The hindwings are grey.

The forewings are brown with a faint pinkish tinge. The basal half of the wing is mottled with fuscous scales and the costal edge is fulvous. There is a faint fuscous subterminal line from the middle of the costa to near the termen beneath the apex, then sharply angulated and sinuate to the dorsum before the tornus. There is also a terminal series of fuscous dots.

The forewings are purple blackish with a rather broad whitish-yellow streak just below the costa from the base, somewhat sinuate away from the costa beyond the middle, and terminating on the costa at three-fourths. Beyond this is a white marginal line running around the costa and termen to the tornus, twice interrupted on the costa. The hindwings are bright deep orange.Exotic Microlepidoptera.

The longitudinal sculpture consists of 12 slightly arcuate ribs. The spiral lirae number six to seven, forming slight nodules when crossing the axials, but number 24 on the body whorl. The narrow aperture measures about half the total length of the shell. The outer lip is without teeth and has in the middle a small reddish spot and is slightly sinuate at the top.

The outer lip is varicose and strongly sinuate at its top. The columella is almost straight and has a thin callus. This species is remarkable on account of the fine transverse striae which cover the entire surface, also for the prominent columellar callus and the deep rounded sinus of the labrum. The upper ends of the ribs are cut off by a shallow groove or depression.

The central dorsum has a prominent orange to dark brown L-shaped or triangular spot leading to the forewing centre and often meeting with the distal discoidal stigma. The antemedial line is sinuate, more or less distinct, but with a prominent subcostal bulge. The subapical half of the termen has a half moon- shaped brown to grey-grown spot. The marginal line is dotted.

The gills are adnate in attachment to the stem, or may be notched at the point of attachment (sinuate). They are narrow, and brownish violet to dark violet, with whitish edges. The stem is tall by 1–3 mm thick, subequal, flexuous, and hollow. The color of the stem is reddish-brown or brownish; it is densely covered with silk-like fibers, and tufts of soft woolly hairs.

Corneriella is a genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus contains two species known from the United States and Thailand, and at least four others have been detected by DNA sequencing. Corneriella was described the mycologist Marisol Sánchez-García in 2014 with Corneriella bambusarum as the type species. Corneriella has a tricholomatoid stature and gills that are occasionally forked and have sinuate, adnexed or decurrent attachment.

There are three semi-oval or subtriangular dark fuscous costal spots, the first at one-fourth, small, the others moderate, the second median, the third about four-fifths. The stigmata are faintly darker or obsolete and very small. There is a rather sinuate series of small fuscous dots from the third costal spot to the tornus. There is a marginal series of small dark fuscous dots around the apex and termen.

There is an obscurely darker transverse line, as well as two obscure dark spots in the middle, arranged transversely. There is also a blackish line from the costa obliquely outwards, describing a rounded curve in the disc, thence sinuate inwards to the dorsum. The hindwings are white with a broad fuscous terminal band containing three elongate white spots, as well as a white streak on the apex.Turner, Jefferis A. (1931).

The base is slightly concave to almost flat, sculptured with fine, irregular, subspiral striae which run at almost right angles. The aperture lower lip is somewhat thickened in mature specimens, often with a distinct internal thickening in middle of lip and usually with a weakly sinuate edge. Color-wise, it is yellowish-white dorsally, with base yellowish-white and collabral lines of chocolate brown. The callus is white.

The stigmata are moderate, with the discal approximated, the plical obliquely before the first discal. An obscure pale greyish-ochreous subterminal line is found from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, sinuate inwards on the upper portion and outwards on the lower. There are also several dark marginal dots around the apical part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are dark fuscous.Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.

The stigmata are obscure, rather dark fuscous, the discal approximated, the plical obliquely before the first discal. There is a whitish subterminal line from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, sinuate inwards on the upper half, preceded in the disc by an indistinct dark fuscous dash. Two or three indistinct dark fuscous marginal dots are found around the apex. The hindwings are dark fuscous.Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.

Gills are adnate to sinuate, and become darker as the spores mature. Fruitbodies of P. allenii are variable in size, depending on the substrate in which they grow. The caps are in diameter, and range from broadly convex to flattened, sometimes with a slight depression in the center. The cap margin is either straight and slightly curved inward, rarely slightly wavy, and sometimes has radial grooves in moist specimens.

Lactocollybia subvariicystis is a fungus in the Lactocollybia genus. Species in this genus are little known in China. This species is reported from subtropical south China in 2016. It is characterized by its small, white, hygrophanous basidiomata, sinuate to adnexed lamellae, common presence of gloeocystidia in the context of pileus, lamellae and stipe which is sharply tapering at both ends, and found on the living trunk of Acacia confusa.

The remaining whorls are rather flat with 8 dense ribs (continuing to the base of the body whorl) and crossed by spiral lirae forming nodules (4 in the penultimate whorl, 10 in the body whorl). The aperture is narrow and measures almost half the length of the shell. The outer lip is very incrassate and slightly sinuate below the suture. The siphonal canal is rather wide and truncate at its base.

The wingspan is 18–21 mm. The forewings are white with three dark fuscous subquadrate dorsal blotches, the first basal, the second and third with short oblique lines from the upper anterior angle, from the upper posterior angle of the third a slightly sinuate row of dark fuscous dots to the costa. There is a terminal series of four or five black dots. The hindwings are pale whitish- yellow.

The wingspan is about 25 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous, the dorsal faintly greyish tinged and the extreme costal edge whitish. The plical and second discal stigmata are black and there are one or two indistinct grey dots towards the costa rather before the second discal. There is also an irregularly excurved subterminal series of cloudy grey dots, obsolete towards the costa, slightly sinuate opposite the apex.

The plical and second discal stigmata are small and blackish. Beyond two- thirds is an elongate wedge-shaped blackish costal spot, from which a slender greyish line, rather acutely angulated in the middle and curved-sinuate below this, runs to the dorsum towards the tornus. There are also three black marks on the apical part of the costa, some grey suffusion beneath them. There is a terminal series of black dots.

Schinia psamathea is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is known from east- central Georgia southwestward to the Panhandle of Florida, southeastern Alabama, and southwestern Mississippi. It seems to prefer sandy soils either in dune type habitats or near sandy beaches. It is unique within the genus in having a simple forewing pattern that consists of only a slightly sinuate, dark-brown postmedial line and a solid-colored hindwing.

The forewings are purple blackish with three narrow irregular-edged white transverse fasciae, the first at one-fourth, not reaching the costa, the second just beyond the middle, not reaching the costa or dorsum, the third at five-sixths, the lower half linear and sinuate. The hindwings are pale grey, thinly scaled in the disc and the apex and termen suffused with darker grey.Exotic Microlepidoptera. 4 (2-4): 61.

The plant is a woody shrub or subshrub with an erect habit reaching anywhere from high. The ovate to elliptic leaves are up to long with entire or wavy (sinuate) margins, and sit on 1–2 cm long petioles. The petioles and leaf undersides are covered in white hair, the upper leaf surfaces less so. The flowers appear from June to November, with plants most floriferous in September.

It is darker coloured [ than Vanessa indica ], with the band of the forewing lighter red and strongly sinuate, and particularly large spots in the narrow marginal band of the hindwing, the apex of the forewing, moreover, being more angulate than in atalanta.occidentalis Fldr. is a smaller and darker form from Madeira, of which single specimens are also recorded from PortugalStichel, H. in Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt.

Antaeotricha bathrotoma is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Pará, Brazil."Antaeotricha Zeller, 1854" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are fuscous- whitish, the dorsal half more infuscated, with a short sinuate blackish mark from the base of the costa not quite reaching a short dark fuscous streak above the base of the dorsum.

The forewings are reddish ochreous with some darker irroration (sprinkles). There is an outwardly oblique dark reddish line from two-thirds of the costa to vein 6, there angled and inwardly oblique to three-fifths of the dorsum. The hindwings have a gently sinuate termen and are similar to the forewings, but the transverse line from the mid-dorsum is straight.Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.

The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are yellow with a broad purplish-fuscous hindmarginal patch occupying the posterior third of the wing, the anterior edge hardly straight, sinuate beneath the costa, then very slightly curved outwards to the inner margin. Near the anterior edge of the patch are two transverse lines of reddish purple, not reaching either margin. A few black scales are found around the anal angle.

Ethmia pala is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found along the west coast of Mexico. The length of the forewings is . The pattern on the forewings is divided by a strongly sinuate (wavy) line, with the rounded lobes from the dark costal half extending about halfway from the Cu to the dorsal margin, at the basal one-fourth and the beyond middle and nearly to the margin at the tornus.

The forewings are dark purple fuscous with a direct transverse whitish-ochreous streak at two-fifths, the posterior edge suffused especially on the upper half, and extended as a slender streak along the costa to beyond the middle. There is a cloudy whitish-ochreous line from a spot on the costa at three-fourths to the dorsum before the tornus, sinuate inwards above and outwards below the middle. The hindwings are pale greyish.

It is up to 2 cm wide at the front, becoming expanded at the sides and rear, where it reaches a maximum width of over 5 cm. The outer margin of the peristome may be sinuate, whereas the inner margin is deeply incurved, especially towards the back of the pitcher. The inner portion of the peristome accounts for around 34% of its total cross-sectional surface length.Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012.

Species of Oxera show a variety of growth forms, including lianas, shrubs and trees. The leaves are simple, and are petiolate (on short stalks), except in O. sessilifolia, with entire or occasionally sinuate (wavy) edges. The inflorescences are loose thyrses of flowers, growing from leaf axils (axillary) or directly from the stem (cauliflory). The flowers are large, conspicuous and bisexual; the calyx is actinomorphic (rotationally symmetrical), but the corolla is zygomorphic, sometimes strongly so.

The forewings are whitish ochreous, partially tinged with pale brassy yellow and with a moderate dark fuscous costal streak from near the base to five- sixths, narrowed to the extremities, the lower edge with three blackish marks. There is a broad dark fuscous streak along the dorsum and termen to the apex, the upper edge irregularly sinuate, forming four slight prominences, and partially blackish marked. The hindwings are rather light grey, darker posteriorly.

The forewings are pale ochreous or brownish-ochreous, variably tinged grey. The stigmata are very small, indistinct and dark fuscous, with the discal approximated and the plical rather obliquely before the first discal. There is an indistinct pale shade from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, obtusely angulated in the middle, the upper portion slightly sinuate. There are also very small dark fuscous marginal dots around the apex and termen.

The forewings are rather light fuscous, with scattered dark fuscous scales. The markings are very undefined, formed of dark fuscous and blackish sprinkles. There is a basal patch occupying about one-fourth of the wing, the edge convex on the upper half and sinuate beneath. There are transverse lines before the middle and at two-thirds, the first rather incurved, pale edged anteriorly, the second curved inwards on the median third, pale edged posteriorly.

The gills are adnexed or sinuate, seceding in maturity. They are somewhat distantly spaced, with two to four series of interspersed lamellulae (short gills). The gills are reddish brown, and may have a lavender tint. The stem, which is roughly the same color as the cap, measures long by 2–2.5 mm thick, and is either more or less equal in width throughout its length or is slightly enlarged in the lower part.

Accessed July 2011 The leaves are rounded or slightly notched at the base, they narrow gradually to the pointed tip and are not strongly toothed, but have sinuate edges. The leaf stalks are equally hairy all round.English Country Garden Accessed July 2011 The flower has 2 notched petals, 2 stamens and a 2-lobed stigma. The open flowers are well spaced along the stalk and there are no bracts at base of individual flower stalks.

Exoteleia ithycosma is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Guyana.Exoteleia at funet The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous with four blue-leaden-metallic transverse streaks, the first towards the base, rather thick, the second beyond one-third, slender, white on the costa, the third beyond the middle, not reaching the costa, interrupted below the middle, the fourth submarginal, slightly sinuate inwards below the middle.

Telphusa callitechna is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Guyana and French Guiana.Telphusa at funet The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are lilac-fuscous with a dark fuscous basal patch becoming blackish posteriorly, its margin edged with white and running from about one-fourth of the costa to the middle of the dorsum, rather angular, prominent near the costa and below the middle, sinuate between these.

Xylophanes ockendeni is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Peru. The length of the forewings is 35–36 mm. It is similar to Xylophanes rothschildi, but distinguishable by the slightly scalloped outer margin of the forewing, the more well-defined dark basal patch on the forewing upperside, the transversely oriented dark patch distal to the discal spot and the sinuate, brown postmedian band, distal of which, on the inner margin, is a black, triangular patch.

Metzneria tenuiella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Spain, Portugal, France, Croatia, Turkey and on Crete and the Canary Islands. The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are pale brownish cinereous (ash-grey), thickly sprinkled with fuscous, the base more suffused than the outer half on which the sprinkling is more visible, spreading over the pale cinereous cilia, in which it tends to form three parallel sinuate dividing lines converging to the apex.

The costa is suffused with dark fuscous from one-third to the apex and a small whitish spot on the middle of the costa, beneath which is a patch of whitish irroration. There are two small blackish spots edged with a few whitish scales placed transversely in the disc at three-fifths and an indistinct bi-sinuate whitish line at four- fifths, sharply marked towards the costa. There is also a black terminal line. The hindwings are grey.

Thorax ochreous-yellow. Abdomen light ochreous yellowish, sprinkled with grey. Legs light ochreous-yellowish, anterior and middle pair suffusedly banded with grey. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin faintly sinuate, oblique; ochreous-yellow; two very broad deep purple fasciae, obscurely margined with dark fuscous; first almost basal, outer edge slightly convex; second hindmarginal, anterior edge rather strongly convex: cilia ochreous-yellow, on costa purple-fuscous, at anal angle with a broad deep purple bar.

The leaves of the N. gigantea are round and can grow out to 75 cm across and are sinuate and dentate. In botany, this means that their edges are toothed with pointed teeth, about 0.5 cm long. The apex of the lobes are rounded, however, the N. gigantea develop points in the space between the lobes from the rest of the leaf. The flowers are eminent, growing to about 25 cm across and stands 50 cm above the water.

The forewings are rather dark slaty grey sprinkled with whitish and with the base more or less suffused with blackish. There is a blackish transverse fascia at one-third, preceded on the costa by an elongate suffused ochreous-whitish mark and a round blackish spot representing the second discal stigma. There is an ochreous-whitish spot on the costa at three-fourths sending a slightly sinuate line to the tornus, edged anteriorly with blackish suffusion. The hindwings are grey.

The forewings are deep ochreous yellow, with a few scattered purplish scales. The markings are dark purple fuscous with three nearly straight transverse lines, the first almost basal, the second at one-third, the third slightly beyond two-thirds, somewhat inwards oblique from the costa. The second discal stigma is moderate, preceding the third line. The hindwings are whitish yellowish with a grey dot on the end of the cell and a sinuate transverse grey line at two-thirds.

Raos, Ivan (1969). Adriatic tourist guide, Spektar, pp. 113. on Google Search Retrieved 15 April 2011 Covered inside and outside with a thin lamina of 240 kg of pure silver and also a considerable quantity of gold, it shows intricate details carved on the cedar wood used to give shape to the chest. All free surface of the chest is filled in with more or less standard vine, leaves and winding rosettes of sinuate leaves ornamentations decorated with gold.

The wingspan is 34–43 mm. The forewings are glossy light greyish ochreous with the costal edge whitish. The stigmata are small and dark fuscous, the plical very obliquely beyond the first discal. There are very faint traces of a curved darker transverse series of cloudy dots at two-thirds and a curved series of subcrescentic dark fuscous dots from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, sinuate inwards towards the costa.

The wingspan is about 11 mm. The forewings are white, suffusedly irrorated fuscous except towards the costa. The plical and second discal stigmata are indistinct and dark fuscous and there are semi-oval dark fuscous blotches on the costa at the middle and three-fourths. From beyond the second of these, a sinuate white fascia runs to the tornus and there is a dark fuscous marginal line around the apex and termen, marked with indistinct blackish dots.

By morphological characters, the adults can be separated from the other scarabs by the combination of the following characters: epipleuron easily recognizable, border lateral of elytra sinuate and antennal insertion visible from above. Twelve tribes are presently recognized: Cetoniini, Cremastocheilini, Diplognathini, Goliathini, Gymnetini, Phaedimini, Schizorhinini, Stenotarsiini, Taenioderini, Trichiini, Valgini, and Xiphoscelidini. The tribe Gymnetini is the biggest of the American tribes, and Goliathini contains the largest species, and is mainly found in the rainforest regions of Africa.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are tawny reddish brown, with a reddish fawn patch at the base of the dorsum, extending to the upper edge of the cell as far as one- third from the base where it is narrowly produced to the costa, a group of separate blackish scales lying at its outer edge on the cell. Beyond, the middle the costa is deeply sinuate, the depressed portion narrowly white. The hindwings are reddish grey.

The gills on the cap underside have an initially adnate attachment to the stipe and pale straw colour; later, the gill attachment becomes sinuate to nearly free, and colour deepens to rusty brown as the spores mature. The gills can be up to deep. Remnants of a ring often persist on the stipe until maturity, as well as bits of the universal veil that once enclosed the immature mushroom. The ring is often stained dark brown from the spores falling from the gills.

The stigmata are grey, the plical obliquely beyond the first discal. There is a strongly curved series of cloudy greyish dots from towards the costa at three- fifths to near the dorsum at three-fourths, interrupted in the middle by a round cloudy light grey-brownish spot. There is a strongly curved subterminal series of fuscous dots, sinuate inwards towards the costa and a terminal series of blackish-grey dots. The hindwings are light grey, becoming light greyish ochreous towards the apex.

The head is cylindrical and as long as the pronotum and scutellum combined. The is a sinuate constriction behind the eye. The portion in front of the head is nearly three times the length of the portion behind. The antennae are closer to the tip than to the eye and the first joint of the antenna reaches just short of the tip of the head while the second segment is as long as the head portion in front of the eye.

A fine white subterminal line is found from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, acutely angulated in the middle, sinuate inwards on the lower half, the angle interrupted by a short blackish dash projecting from the dark suffusion of the dorsal half of the wing. There are also some light grey dots around the apical part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are dark fuscous, thinly scaled in the disc anteriorly.Transactions of the Entomological Society of London.

The forewings are purple-fuscous, sprinkled with blackish and with the costal edge more or less yellowish. The markings are deep ochreous- yellowish with some undefined suffusion towards the costa and the fold about one-fourth. There are two narrow cloudy transverse fasciae, the first before the middle, sinuate, the second at two-thirds, interrupted in the disc. There is a cloudy ring representing the second discal stigma and with two dots on the costa posteriorly, and a line along the termen.

The hindwings are much paler and almost patternless and the transverse band of the forewings is also more concavely curved. Females have liver-chestnut forewings with a white spot below the median in the basal one-third of the wing, a median slightly sinuate darker band and the nervures and marginal line are yellow. There is a postdiscal coalescent band of intranervular white wedge-shaped patches truncated distad. The hindwings are similar in ground colour, but the band of white patches is lunate.

The forewings are pale brassy-yellow, with fuscous markings. There is a fine slightly outwardly curved line from one-fourth of the costa to one-fourth of the inner margin and a second from beneath the costa in the middle, curved outwards and slightly sinuate beneath, ending on the innermargin about the middle. The third runs from the costa at three-fourths to the inner margin at three-fourths. There is a faint fuscous subterminal shade and a fine line along the termen.

The wingspan is 19–20 mm. The forewings are dull white with a grey basal patch, mottled dark fuscous, the edge oblique, from one-fourth of the costa to two- fifths of the dorsum. There is a small black spot on the middle of the dorsum, surrounded by a light grey cloud. The first discal stigma is grey and there is a sinuate grey line from the end of the cell to the dorsum at four-fifths, the lower end blackish.

There is an irregular interrupted excurved shade of indistinct fuscous suffusion from beneath the middle of the costa to the dorsum at four-fifths, indented on the fold. An excurved series of fuscous dots is found from beneath the costa at three-fifths to the tornus, slightly sinuate above the middle. Two or three slight fuscous marks are found on the costa towards the apex and there is a terminal series of dark fuscous dots. The hindwings are ochreous whitish.

Species of the genus Apalonychus have a much more elongated club of the antenna compared to Tyrannasorus and, unlike Tyrannasorus, eyes of the specimen are subglose and easily visible in dorsal view. Their labrum is also wider than that of Tyrannasorus and the anterior margin of their pronotum is not sinuate. As with other insects, the beetle's six legs consisted of a pair of prolegs, a pair of middle legs and a pair of posterior legs. The insect's elytra have a smooth surface.

I have seen it in Brazil (Acre), Bolivia (Beni) and most recently in Colombia (Caquetá) but it is obviously pretty widespread. It is huge, in size ranking right up there with Philodendron gigas in Panama." Dr. Croat continued, "The species is well named owing to its very large size, being probably the largest of all Philodendron species in South America. It can be recognized by a combination of its large size, thick, short stems, persistent cataphylls and large sagittate blade with the margins usually sinuate and undulate.

The fore and mid dunes are generally sandy yellow dunes, colonised and stabilised by marram grass. Other notable species include sea stock (Matthiola sinuate), sea stork's-bill (Erodium maritimum), sea clover (Trifolium aquamosum), Portland spurge (Euphorbia portlandica), sea spurge (Euphorbia paralias), and white horehound (Marrubium vulgare). Further inland, the stable grey dunes are stabilised by other species such as dune fescue (Vulpia membranacea). The dune slacks, the valleys between the dunes, may flood after heavy rain and are wet and marshy during the winter.

The cap (pileus) is hemispherical at first, soon becoming convex to flat, reaching 12–15 cm in diameter, and it is covered in large, chesnut to dark-brown scales. The gills (lamellae) are adnate to sinuate, crowded, whitish to cream. The stem (stipe) is 4–12 cm long, tapering and somewhat rooting at the base, and has a well-developed cottony ring covering the gills when young. Below the ring the stem is covered in dark bands of scales, which are the same colour as the cap.

The plical and second discal stigmata are dark fuscous. There are fasciae of very faint darker suffusion crossing the wing at one-third and beyond the middle, the second slightly curved. There is a rather curved waved fuscous line from the costa at four-fifths to the dorsum before the tornus, sinuate towards the costa. The hindwings are grey, darker posteriorly and with an expansible fringe-tuft of long pale ochreous hairs from near the dorsum on the upper half projecting inwards beneath the abdomen.Exot. Microlep.

Its metafemur is greatly enlarged, its ventral margin sinuate, with a large ventral tubercle on the basoposterior 1/3. The wings are light brown and microtrichose except for some bare portions. The abdomen's 1st tergum is black; 2nd tergum yellow except for small basomedial triangular maculae; 3rd tergum is yellow, with indistinct dark medial vitta; 4th tergum is brownish black and light yellowish brown laterally. Its 1st sternum is black; 2nd and 3rd sterna are yellow; 4th sternum is brownish black except for its yellow apical margin.

The forewings are dark grey irregularly irrorated whitish and with blackish spots on the costa at the base and one-fifth, on the dorsum at the base, and crossing the fold at one-fourth. There is an elongate blackish spot on the middle of the costa. The stigmata form roundish dark fuscous spots, the plical beneath the first discal. A sinuate whitish line is found from three- fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, preceded on the costa by an elongate blackish spot.

The forewings are grey, the tips of the scales are whitish, sometimes largely tinged light brownish. There are several small obscure spots of blackish irroration along the costa, a stronger spot preceding the subterminal line. The discal stigmata are cloudy, obscure and dark fuscous, with tufts of scales beneath these, and above the dorsum at one- fourth. There is an obscure pale subterminal line from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, obtusely angulated in the middle and sinuate inwards towards the costa.

Gills have an adnate to sinuate attachment to the stipe, and are initially cream to pale gray brown, but become dark purple as the spores mature. The cylindrical, hollow stipe typically measures long by thick, with the base slightly thicker. The top of the stipe is pruinose (covered with white powdery granules), while the base is connected to thick white rhizomorphs. The stipe surface is smooth to silky fibrillose (as if made of silky, slender fibers), and its color initially white before yellowing slightly in age.

There is a trilobate patch of ground colour on the middle of the dorsum edged with some black scales and then with a white line. Before and beyond this are curved white lines in the disc, edged beneath with black scales, appearing to indicate somewhat rounded patches, but not extended to the dorsum. There is a sinuate white line from the penultimate costal spot to the tornus and a white line along the termen, edged with some black scales. The hindwings are light grey.Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.

Die Indo-Australien Tagfalter Grossschmetterlinge Erde 9 The wingspan is about 56 mm. Males have black forewings, with a large triangular area from the hindmargin forwards to R3, penetrating into the cell, truncate-sinuate costally, not extending to the base. There are three white spots beyond the apex of the cell from the costal margin to R3, more or less confluent, the first the smallest and two white subapical spots. The hindwings are mostly white with a somewhat irregular black distal margin band, tapering behind.

The forewings are dark purplish fuscous with white spots on the costa at one- sixth and on the dorsum opposite, with a few white scales between these. There is an irregular undefined slender slightly oblique white median fascia, sinuate outwards in the middle, obsolescent on the dorsum. There is a conspicuous irregular white spot on the costa beyond three-fourths and a smaller one on the tornus opposite, with a few white scales between these. There are also two or three white scales on the termen.

Female has the upperside as in the female of P. brassicae, but as in the male of its own form, the inner margin of the black area at apex and on termen of forewing not smoothly curved but sinuate. Hindwing: a black terminal band like that in the male but broader and divided by the white veins into a series of inwardly diffuse subquadrate spots; a small black spot in interspace 3, another in interspace 5, the latter joined to the subcostal black spot which is particularly large and prominent. Underside as in the male.

There are 2 white-centred black ocelli anteriorly in the band. The band is interrupted by the veins on the hindwing and bears 3 smaller ocelli. The forewing beneath bright russet-red, darker towards the base, the costal and distal margins being black-brown: the ocelli as above. The hindwing beneath dark brown as far as the centre, this area being bordered by a whitish grey narrow band which is somewhat sinuate near its centre; the ocelli in the lighter distal area are mostly indicated by small black-bordered white dots, which are sometimes absent.

The ccsta is more or less suffused dark fuscous towards the base. The stigmata are rather large, cloudy, dark fuscous or blackish, sometimes with adjacent lateral whitish scales, the plical slightly before the first discal, sometimes elongate. There is a whitish rather outwards-oblique line from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, sinuate outwards in the middle and there are sometimes three or four small whitish marginal dots around the apex. The hindwings are whitish-grey, more whitish and thinly scaled anteriorly, the veins and termen suffused rather dark grey.Exot. Microlep.

The abdomen has a thin, brown dorsal line, either side of which is a row of small black spots, one on the posterior edge of each tergite. The underside of the abdomen has a lavender-red coloration. The forewing upperside is similar to Xylophanes macasensis but the ground colour is a deeper, darker, more bluish-green, on which the darker markings are less prominent, making the whole moth look more drab. The postmedian line is brownish, sinuate, less conspicuous and more poorly defined, distally blending in with the ground colour.

The forewings are pale ochreous, the costal edge pinkish tinged and with dark reddish-fuscous dots above and below the fold at one-fifth. The stigmata are represented by small round dark reddish-fuscous spots obscurely edged with whitish, the first discal largest, the plical beneath the first discal. There is an irregular curved and sinuate indistinct pale line from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus and there are marginal blackish dots around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are dark grey.

The plical and second discal stigmata are blackish. There is a faintly indicated hardly curved darker shade from the middle of the costa just beyond the second discal stigma to the dorsum at two-thirds and a curved subterminal series of faint cloudy greyish dots sinuate towards the costa. There is also a marginal series of blackish dots around the apex and termen. The hindwings are dark grey with an expansible whitish subcostal hairpencil from the base to the middle (with the costal area not expanded).Exot. Microlep.

The wingspan is approximately 13.5 mm. The forewings are white, densely overlaid with black and with a short sinuate, longitudinal line of black scales on basal third below the cell. Beneath this is a small raised patch of white scales and another small black patch on the outer third of the dorsum. Above this and extending from the end of the sub-basal black streak to the middle of the terminal third of the wing and terminating in a short hook to the dorsum is a narrow irregular line of white scales.

The forewings are white with four dark fuscous transverse fasciae, the first narrow, straight, basal, the second narrow, interrupted beneath the costa, much dilated on the dorsum, the third moderate, narrowed and sinuate on the upper half and the fourth irregular, terminal, not reaching the tornus, including some white terminal marks. There are dark fuscous costal dots between each pair of fasciae. A transverse dark fuscous discal mark precedes and is almost confluent with the third fascia. The hindwings are grey, darker posteriorly and paler towards the base.

The first is sinuate and rather oblique and preceded by some faint whitish suffusion. The second runs from the costa, rather irregular, to vein 2, thence suddenly making a large rounded loop inwards to beneath the discal spot and thence to the dorsum about the middle. It is margined posteriorly throughout by a narrow waved yellow-whitish fascia, which in the middle of the disc also extends beyond it anteriorly. There is a suffused dark fuscous bar on the end of the cell, margined with yellow-whitish anteriorly.

The forewings are dark grey, the costal half of the wing from the base to two-thirds is largely suffused with ochreous whitish and the costa towards the base is narrowly suffused with dark fuscous. The stigmata are large and blackish, the plical rather obliquely before the first discal. There is a white oblique line, slightly sinuate, from the costa at three-fourths to near the middle of the termen, then acutely angulated inwards to the second discal stigma, and again acutely angulated to the tornus. The hindwings are grey.

The distant gills are sinuate (notched at their point of attachment to the stipe) to almost free, generally (but not always) yellowish white before darkening to pink and then red. Interspersed between the gills are lamellulae (short gills that do not extend completely from the cap margin to the stipe). When viewed from beneath, a characteristic groove colloquially known as a "moat" can be seen in the gill pattern circumnavigating the stalk. The form lacking yellow color on the gills is rare but widespread, and has been recorded from Austria, France and the Netherlands.

The forewings are dark fuscous, faintly purplish tinged. The stigmata are cloudy and blackish, the plical somewhat beyond the first discal, both more or less edged posteriorly with pale fuscous or ochreous, the second discal and an additional dot beneath it more or less edged with pale fuscous or ochreous so as to form an 8-shaped mark. There is an obscure pale ochreous mark on the costa at four-fifths, where sometimes a faint sinuate pale line indented above the middle crosses the wing. The hindwings are grey.

The wingspan is about 37 mm. The forewings are greyish ochreous or light fuscous, faintly pinkish tinged and the extreme costal edge grey whitish. There is a large black dot near the base in the middle and the plical stigma forms a conspicuous round black spot, the discal stigmata indicated by faint paler dots, the first obliquely before the plical. There is a faint paler macular shade preceding an excurved series of small lunulate blackish dots from the costa at four-fifths to the dorsum before the tornus, sinuate inwards towards the costa.

The antennae are pale grey, ringed with blackish. The abdomen is fuscous, although the segmental margins are mixed with whitish. The olive- fuscous forewings are elongate, moderate, posteriorly rather dilated, the costa gently arched, the apex obtuse, the termen faintly sinuate and oblique. The basal area is sprinkled with whitish except for a narrow fascia preceding the first line, which is whitish, acutely angulated the near costa and followed by a very irregular fascia of whitish sprinkles, which sends a triangular projection above the middle to the centre of the disc.

The forewings are silvery white with the costal edge very slenderly black towards the base, yellowish ochreous beyond the middle. The markings are ochreous brown with a moderate almost straight streak above the middle from the base to the apex and a similar slightly sinuate streak from the base to the anal angle, as well as a slender streak along the inner margin from before the middle to the anal angle. The hindwings are light grey, more whitish tinged towards the base. The larvae feed on Hakea species.

Unlike other hybosorids from the West Indies, whose antennae are 10-segmented, Tyrannasorus rex had nine-segmented antennae. The species is most similar to the genera Coilodes and Apalonychus; their shared characteristics include convex and not quite spherical body and reddish-brown colour. The most prominent difference between Coilodes and Tyrannasorus is in the shape of antennal club, which is slightly concave in Tyrannasorus but cup-shaped in Coilodes. Furthermore, the former's labrum is wider than the latter's and, unlike the former's, the anterior margin of the latter's pronotum is sinuate.

Legs ochreous, tarsi annulated with fuscous. Forewings ovate-lanceolate, costa strongly arched basally, thence straight, apex acute, termen very oblique, slightly sinuate; reddish-ochreous; a silvery-white irregular fascia from costa at 1/2, sometimes reaching across wing; a similar fascia at 3/4, expanding into a blotch on costa; two silvery-white spots on costa between 3/4 and apex; five or six interrupted blackish fasciae between 1/2 and apex, forming prominent spots on costa, termen and dorsum: fringes reddish-ochreous. Hindwings fuscous-violet: fringes fuscous, mixed with ochreous round apex.

The forewings are ochreous fuscous, finely sprinkled with dark fuscous and with the basal third of the dorsum suffused with dark fuscous. There is a straight slender irregular-edged whitish streak from the middle of the costa to two-thirds of the dorsum and a dark fuscous dot in the disc at three- fifths. An ochreous whitish dot is found on the costa at three-fourths and a slender twice sinuate ochreous-whitish line runs from the costa near the apex to the tornus. The hindwings are dark fuscous, somewhat lighter towards the base.

The forewings are green, with the tips of the scales whitish. There are large subcostal and subdorsal tufts at one-fourth and smaller tufts mixed dark grey representing the stigmata, the plical hardly before the first discal. There is a paler shade from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, very obtusely angulated in the middle, the upper half slightly sinuate, some dark grey irroration beyond the angle. There are also cloudy blackish-grey marginal dots around the posterior part of the costa and termen.

The spirals are about eighteen, and about seven of the upper ones are more or less nodulous on crossing the ribs, the rest below are finer and smooth. Between the nodulous lirae, both on the spire and on the body whorl, there are fine threadlike lines, and the whole surface exhibits delicate wavy growth- striae. The aperture is brown within, not quite one-third the length of the shell. The outer lip is thin at the edge, distinctly sinuate below the sutural keel, and having a rib or varix, larger than the other ribs on the outside.

The marginal lunules on each side of the tails extend down them almost to the extremity. Across the disk the outer row of sinuate black lines is crowned with silvery blue; and in the middle row, the irregular black spots extend inwardly in a conical shape, and are margined on the outer side by another row of bright blue scales.inside the extremity of the cell is a broad curved black spot centred with blue; the veins are black, most broadly on the margins. Both wings irrorated with stramineous scales between the spots and at the base.

The forewings are bluish grey with three fulvous-ochreous blotches, the first roundish, basal, not reaching the margins, the second at one-third, fasciate, angulated outwards below the middle, more or less distinctly reaching the dorsum but not the costa, partially infuscated (darkened) interiorly, the third from the middle of the costa, fasciate, slightly oblique, reaching two- thirds across the wing, more or less infuscated interiorly. There is a transverse fulvous-ochreous streak at two-thirds, slightly inwards oblique from the costa and rather sinuate inwards in the middle. The terminal area beyond this is blackish grey. The hindwings are grey.

The forewings are bright yellow ochreous with an ill-defined transverse white line near the base and a sinuate white transverse line somewhat before the middle. The space between these two lines is occupied, except towards the costa, by a suffused blackish blotch, more or less sprinkled posteriorly with blue whitish. There are three white marks on the posterior half of the costa, sometimes confluent, as well as a crescentic white mark in the disc beyond the middle. A blotch of dark fuscous suffusion extends over the dorsal half of the wing from the antemedian line to near the termen.

Forewings dark fuscous; a pale yellowish dorsal stripe, slightly tinged ferruginous, less than half breadth of wing, nearly of even width from base to tornus, where it is triangularly indented almost to margin, then continued on termen rather narrower and with edge irregularly sinuate to near apex: cilia grey, beneath apex a light yellowish patch. Hindwings dark grey; cilia grey.Meyrick E. 1926c. Exotic Microlepidoptera 3. - 3(8–10):225–320 (page 320) In general appearance it is similar to Amphixystis anchiala (Meyrick, 1909) from South Africa, from which it an be distinct by genitalia examination only.

The forewings are fuscous tinged with grey and brownish and sprinkled with black. The basal area is spotted with black, with an irregular ochreous-whitish patch towards the costa near the base. The stigmata are rather large, irregular and black, the plical slightly before the first discal, the median area of the disc between the stigmata and around the first discal largely occupied by a broad patch of ochreous-whitish suffusion. There is an irregular rather thick sinuate transverse ochreous-whitish streak at about three-fourths and several black dots around the apical part of the costa and termen.

The forewings are white, transversely striated throughout with brownish ochreous and more or less irrorated (sprinkled) with dark fuscous and blackish, the coalescence of these striae indicates a small basal patch, a narrow fascia from one-third of the costa to before the middle of the dorsum, with the posterior edge angulated below the middle. There is a narrow fascia from two-thirds of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, and a slender more or less marked inwards-sinuate fascia from the costa before the apex to the tornus. The hindwings are pale fuscous.

There is a rather faint, sinuate and vertical transverse darker grey fascia at three-fourths, the upper fourth straight and darker, the lower three-fourths strongly convex posteriorly, suffused and fainter. This fascia is suffusedly edged with paler posteriorly. There is a series of faint darker dots along the costa before the apex, in the apex and along the termen to the tornus and the base of the costa is suffused with blackish. A faint darker spot is found on the costa before the middle and there are two round black dots in an inwards-oblique series in the disc beyond the base.

The stigmata are blackish, the plical very obliquely beyond the first discal. There is a cloudy dot of dark fuscous irroration above and slightly beyond the first discal, and traces of an irregular line through the plical to the dorsum. A blotch of dark grey suffusion is found on the costa beyond the middle, giving rise to two series of black dots, the first irregularly sinuate curved behind the cell and becoming obsolete towards the dorsum and the second very strongly curved to four-fifths of the dorsum. A marginal series of blackish dots is found around the apex and termen.

The stigmata are dark fuscous, the plical obliquely beyond the first discal. There is some dark fuscous irroration between the first discal and middle of the costa and there is an undefined fascia of light grey suffusion and dark fuscous irroration running from two- thirds of the costa to the middle of the dorsum. There is a small cloudy dark fuscous spot on the costa at three-fourths, where a curved series of dark fuscous dots runs to the dorsum before the tornus, sinuate inwards beneath the costa. The hindwings are rose pink, with the dorsal two-fifths ochreous whitish suffused with grey.

Atriplex hollowayi was described in 2000 by New Zealand botanists Peter de Lange and David Norton, who distinguished it from the widespread Atriplex billardierei. On reviewing the herbarium specimens of the latter species, de Lange noted there were two distinct forms: one with larger leaves with entire margins, and larger bracteoles and seeds, and one with smaller leaves with irregular sinuate-dentate margins and smaller bracteoles and seeds. This latter form was restricted to the North Island, and following field work was described as a new species, its name honouring botanist and conservationist John Stevenson Holloway, who had died in 1999.

Sp. pl. p. 258 \- text incorporating the description in Species Plantarum and deriving from volume one of Linnaeus's earlier work Hortus Upsaliensis of 1748, in which a binomial was assigned the plant discovered by Gmelin [see section above]. All the above noted, because of the time of year at which the Leiden specimen was drawn, no ripe fruiting calyces were available for depiction. Furthermore the flowers of the specimen display exserted pistils and stamens and the leaves have pointed tips and sinuate margins - all of which suggest an identity compatible more with the Caucasian Physochlaina orientalis rather than the Siberian P. physaloides.

The forewings are fuscous, finely sprinkled with ochreous whitish and with a small indistinct ochreous-whitish spot on the costa before the middle and a moderate dark fuscous discal dot at three-fifths, as well as a slender ochreous-whitish oblique streak from the costa at two-thirds, angulated above the middle and then proceeding as a faint sinuate line to the tornus. There is an ochreous-whitish almost apical dot and an irregular terminal line of dark fuscous suffusion. The hindwings are fuscous with a suffused submedian streak which is paler and ochreous tinged.Transactions of the Entomological Society of London.

The forewings are dark lilac fuscous, with ochreous-yellow markings, a spot at the base and a moderate somewhat oblique fascia near beyond this, confluent with it in the middle. There is an irregular transverse streak before the middle, dilated on the costa, broken inwards on the fold, the lower portion sinuate outwards. There is a dot in the disc beyond the middle and a narrow irregular fascia beyond this, interrupted in the middle, not reaching the dorsum. There is a subtriangular spot on the costa towards the apex and a fine line on the submedian fold posteriorly.

Jasmolone is one of the three alcohols (along with pyrethrolone and cinerolone) needed in combination with two specific acids (chrysanthemic acid and pyrethric acid) to form insecticidal esters. These six insecticidal esters are part of the pyrethrins family. So far, pyrethrins have been found in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Tagetes erecta, C. coccinum, Tagetes minuta, Z. linnearis, Calendula officinalis, Demorphotheca sinuate and Zinnia elegans. Pyrethrins are found mostly in the head of the flowers, but have also been found in the callus tissue of the flowers.K.Ramawat, J.Merillon, “Biotechnology: Secondary Metabolites Plants and Microbes”, Boca Raton: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2007, 136.

The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are bright straw yellow, with three lilac-grey transverse fasciae, each narrowly margined by a darker line. The first, leaving the costa at one-third from the base, is obliquely attenuated downward reverting to the dorsum from the fold and the second, rather wider at about the middle, is outwardly sinuate on the cell. The third, at the commencement of the costal cilia, is moderately straight, but broken and diffused on its outer edge toward the termen, which is marked by a narrow toothed line of pale tawny brown running around the apex.

A rather irregular narrow black streak runs from the base of the costa very obliquely to the disc and then slightly sinuate through the middle of the disc to the apex, sharply interrupted at two-thirds, with black dots above and below this interruption. There is a short fine black dash at the base beneath this, one on the fold in the middle connected with its lower edge, and one sometimes longer towards the costa before the middle. A series of black marks is found around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are light grey, paler towards the base.

The forewings are dark grey, somewhat sprinkled with whitish and with blackish markings, irregularly edged with light ochreous- yellowish scales. There are small spots on the base of the costa and dorsum and an irregular transverse mark in the disc towards the base. There is a slightly curved transverse fascia at one-third, somewhat narrowed towards the costa and an oblique spot from the middle of the costa, as well as a V-shaped externally yellowish margined mark in the disc beneath the extremity of this. A rather irregular sinuate ochreous-yellow line runs from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, posteriorly margined by black suffusion.

The postmedian line is often rather well-developed, marked with darker dots on the veins, on the hindwing it is not only sinuate inwards between the radials and again posteriorly, but is also more or less strongly angled on the first radial; the two lines or shades which edge the subterminal are usually (especially the distal) very ill developed or wanting. On the hindwing the median shade crosses or follows the discal dot. On the under surface the forewing is a little darker, the hindwing a little whiter, the postmedian line and usually the median more strongly developed than above.Prout , L.B. 1912–16. Geometridae.

The forewings are evenly deep fuscous with a purplish hue. There is a small wedge-shaped oblique transverse mark before four-fifths on the costa, continued across the wing by a minute and faint pale line, inwards-angulate below the costa, broadly outwards-convex in the middle, sinuate above the dorsum, to the dorsum before the tornus. The stigmata are rounded and vague, a little darker than the ground color, the first discal at one-third, the plical slightly larger, beyond this. The second discal is represented by a narrow dark strigula along the closing vein and there is a minute pale spot in the apex.

A broad and less oblique fascia is found before the middle, narrowed toward and not attaining the dorsal margin, bi-sinuate toward the base. A third fascia, narrower than the last, at a little less than two-thirds the length, slightly oblique, becoming narrower toward the dorsal margin without attaining it. This fascia is further removed from the base at its costal than at the dorsal extremity and there is a long stripe in the middle of the wing extending from the second fascia through the third and somewhat beyond. There are five larger and several very small and indistinct spots around the apex.

The forewings are dark brown, on the termen purplish-tinged. There is a large ochreous-white patch extending along the costa from the base (except a dark fuscous basal dot) to two-fifths, reaching about three-fourths across the wing and at the base to the dorsum, the lower edge sinuate, indented posteriorly, the posterior edge outwardly oblique from the costa, somewhat curved. There is an ochreous-whitish triangular dot on the middle of the costa and a moderate ochreous-white fascia from three-fourths of the costa towards the tornus, but not quite reaching it, narrowed downwards. The hindwings are tawny, posteriorly infuscated.

The forewings are white, with a few scattered grey or dark fuscous scales and a narrow curved subbasal dark fuscous fascia, interrupted below the middle. There are dark fuscous dots on the costa at one-fifth and before and beyond the middle, and on the dorsum at one-fourth, a dark fuscous transverse discal spot at two- fifths, and a smaller and narrower one at two-thirds, representing the stigmata, the anterior connected with an elongate fuscous suffusion along the dorsum. There is a moderate somewhat sinuate dark fuscous fascia at three- fourths and an irregular dark fuscous apical blotch, enclosing some whitish terminal dots. The hindwings are grey, paler basally.

The trees of D. turbinatus are lofty, growing 30-45m tall. The bark is gray or dark brown, and is shallowly longitudinally fissured and flaky. Branchlets are glabrescent. The leaf buds are falcate, with both buds and young twigs densely gray and puberulous. The stipules are 2–6 cm, densely, shortly dark grayish or dark yellow puberulous; the petiole is 2–3 cm, densely gray puberulous or glabrescent; the leaf blade is ovate-oblong, 20-30 × 8–13 cm, leathery, glabrous or sparsely stellate pubescent, lateral veins are in 15-20 pairs conspicuously raised abaxially, base rounded or somewhat cordate, margin entire or sometimes sinuate, apex acuminate or acute.

The forewings are pale ochreous-grey, with shining silvery-white markings. There are two short, broad, very oblique dorsal streaks, the first from the base to the fold and the second from the middle just crossing the fold. There are also seven fine costal streaks partly edged with dark-fuscous, the first from one-fourth, strongly outwardly-oblique, reaching about half across the wing, the second short and the third from the middle of the costa to the tornus, interrupted in the mid-disc, before the interruption is a white spot. The fourth is sinuate, reaching two-thirds across the disc and the fifth and sixth are very short.

The forewings are dark grey, more or less irregularly irrorated (sprinkled) with whitish and with two small black spots towards the costa near the base, and a black mark above the base of the dorsum. An oblique black blotch crosses the fold at one-fourth. The stigmata are blackish, with the discal approximated, the plical rather before the first discal. There is a well- defined whitish line from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, sinuate inwards on the upper half, preceded by broad blackish suffusion on the costa and sometimes throughout, or in one specimen by a brownish tinge in the disc.

The forewings are dark grey, more or less variably sprinkled or mixed with white on the anterior half and with small black subcostal and subdorsal spots at the base and a thick oblique black streak from one-fifth of the dorsum to the disc, the apex sometimes expanded. There are two blackish dots towards the costa above this. The stigmata are moderate and blackish, the discal approximated, the plical rather before the first discal. There is a fine white slightly interrupted subterminal line from four-fifths of the costa to the tornus, slightly sinuate inwards towards the costa, preceded by a dark fuscous fascia.

The forewings are blackish with a little-marked narrow oblique subbasal fascia, indicated by some white scales or greyish suffusion. There are undefined broad antemedian and postmedian fasciae of white irroration (sprinkles), converging towards the dorsum and confluent on the lower portion, the first more strongly suffused with white anteriorly on the costal half, the plical and second discal stigmata represented on these by obscure small blackish spots. There is a well-marked white transverse line at five-sixths parallel to the termen, sinuate inwards towards the costa and dorsum, curved outwards on the median portion. The terminal area beyond this is sprinkled with white.

The wingspan is 16–17 mm. The forewings are ochreous-whitish or whitish-ochreous, irregularly sprinkled greyish or fuscous. There are three slender fuscous transverse lines forming small suffused spots on the costa, the first at one-third, straight, direct, scales rather raised, the second from the middle of the costa to three-fourths of the dorsum, somewhat sinuate, the second discal stigma forming a darker mark on this, the third from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, excurved in the disc, indented towards the costa. A marginal series of blackish dots is found around the apical part of the costa and termen.

The wingspan is 27–30 mm. The forewings are rather shining, white, with wavy mottled shades of bone-grey, and a strong greyish fuscous spot at the flexus, in which the scales, projecting over the margin, are in part white, but outwardly tawny purplish. The first indistinct mottled shade-line, commencing at the base of the costa, is bent downward at one-fourth, and merged in the more generally diffused bone-grey mottling along and below the fold. Beyond the base the costal area is unshaded, but below it, beyond the middle, are two, more or less confluent, obliquely sinuate shade-lines, directed to the outer end of the fold.

The wingspan is 32–38 mm. The forewings are rather light fuscous, with a faint lilac tinge and with the costal edge whitish ochreous. The stigmata are dark fuscous, the plical and first discal very indistinct or almost obsolete, the plical somewhat beyond the first discal, the second discal small and distinct. There is a very faint slightly bent shade of darker irroration crossing the wing just beyond the second discal and a series of indistinct dots of dark fuscous irroration from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, strongly curved outward in the disc, somewhat sinuate inwards towards the extremities.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are light violet grey, the extreme costal edge white and with a whitish dot near the base in the middle. The first discal stigma is grey, hardly defined, the plical dark grey, obliquely beyond it, the second discal dark grey, transverse, widest above, with slight whitish suffusion on both sides, an erect grey shade from the dorsum just beyond and not reaching this. A curved grey shade is found from the costa before three-fourths to the tornus, hardly sinuate towards the costa and there is a marginal series of blackish marks around the apical part of the costa and termen.

The forewings are silvery white with dark ochreous-brown markings. There is a slender costal streak from the base to three-fourths, as well as three narrow irregular fasciae, the first very near the base, the second from beyond the middle of the costa to before the middle of the inner margin, slightly sinuate inwards on the lower half. The third is found from the costa before the apex to the anal angle, rather angulated inwards in the middle, the lower extremity connected with the middle of the second fascia by an irregular bar. The hindwings are whitish ochreous, yellowish tinged, towards the apex suffused with light grey.

C. zeta Tr. (41 e). Forewing dull grey green overlaid with hoary grey scales; inner and outer lines black, conversely edged with hoary grey and lunulate-dentate; the outer line sinuate, not indented below middle; stigmata grey edged with black, the two upper separated by the well marked blackish median shade; submarginal line pale, often broken up, indented on the folds, preceded by black wedge- shapedmarks; hindwing fuscous, paler towards base; the whole forewing has a mealy appearance, and in paler examples the markings are often much obscured; — ab. pernix Hbn.-C. (= clandestina Bsd.) (41 e), is the darkest form, with the markings plainest; — curoi Calb.

The forewings are violet brownish, variable in depth, sometimes mixed with pale ochreous yellowish towards the costa. The costal edge is ochreous yellowish and there is sometimes a brown basal patch more or less indicated, obsolete towards the costa. A dark ferruginous-brown variable transverse blotch is found on the middle of the dorsum, sometimes narrowed upwards, reaching about three-fourths across the wing, the anterior edge nearly vertical and edged first with dark fuscous and then with whitish. The second discal stigma is dark fuscous, partially whitish edged and there is a narrow transverse dark ferruginous-brown subterminal fascia, sinuate inwards and strongest on the upper half, attenuated dorsally, more or less yellowish edged anteriorly.

Height: Though often only 8–20 cm high at maturity, some plants may reach 35 cm while flowering, and up to 42 cm tall while fruiting. Stems: Erect stem 3.7–25 cm long, 5–13 mm in diameter near the base. Ascending to patent-reflexed, tawny- coloured, soft bristles typically cover the stems, sometimes densely, though occasionally stems may be more or less glabrous. Leaves: Entire to slightly sinuate or pinnately lobed leaves are borne in a basal rosette, are green or greyish-green above and are a paler, somewhat glaucous colour beneath, and measure between 2–16- 25 cm in length, and 0.5-2.2 cm in width, tapering gradually at the base.

There is an undefined patch of purple- brown suffusion occupying the median area of the dorsum and extending more than half across the wing. There is a round purplish spot indicating the second discal stigma and a rather thick irregular brown streak from the middle of the costa obliquely outwards to beyond this, and then rather sinuate to the dorsum at four-fifths, and a slender curved streak, tending to be broken into dots from the costa at three-fourths to the tornus, the discal veins between these streaks sometimes appearing darker shaded. There is a terminal series of small indistinct fuscous dots. The hindwings are pale ochreous yellow, towards the dorsum whitish tinged.

The forewings are bright orange, with purplish black markings and a large basal patch, extending on the costa to two-thirds and on the inner margin to two-fifths, the outer edge is irregular, tolerably straight, with a small transverse spot in the middle of the disc. There is a hind marginal patch, bounded by a sinuate line from four-fifths of the costa to the anal angle. The hindwings are bright orange, with purplish-black markings. There is a short line along the costa beyond the middle, a crescentic inwards-curved spot in the disc beyond the middle and a narrow hind marginal band, somewhat dilated at the apex, with a small irregular prominence at three-fourths.

The stigmata are ferruginous, the plical obliquely beyond the first discal. There is a series of indistinct light ferruginous dots from beneath the middle of the costa very obliquely outwards to beyond the second discal, then acutely angulated and continued faint and irregular to some suffusion above the dorsum beyond the middle. There is a series of cloudy subcrescentic ferruginous dots becoming dark grey towards the costa, from beneath the costa at three-fifths, very obliquely outwards and strongly curved near the termen and continued slightly sinuate to near the dorsum about four-fifths. There is also a marginal series of dark ferruginous-grey dots around the posterior part of the costa and termen.

The forewings are whitish ochreous, with the dorsal half (or more anteriorly) reddish brown sprinkled with whitish. There is an elongate-triangular dark fuscous blotch extending along the costa, broadest posteriorly, its posterior edge is sinuate and connected by a curved line with the dorsal red-brown area. There are four white longitudinal lines, partially edged with dark fuscous, in the disc beyond this. An angulated pale golden-metallic dark-edged transverse line is found from the costa to the tornus, more whitish costally and there is also a pale leaden oblique streak from the costa beyond this to the apex, margined with light reddish brown, becoming dark fuscous on the costa.

The stigmata are minute, obscure and dark fuscous, the plical obliquely before the first discal. There is a fine white subterminal line from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, acutely angulated in the middle, both halves slightly sinuate inwards, its angle just reached or hardly cut by a fine black dash preceding it, which is connected with the second discal stigma by a suffused whitish dash, beneath this a minute black strigula touching the line and preceded by a short whitish dash. Some fuscous suffusion is found towards the dorsum before this line and the tornal area beyond this line is irrorated with whitish and sometimes fuscous. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

The forewings are light grey, posteriorly suffused with darker grey or sometimes brownish tinged and there is a transverse dark fuscous spot crossing the fold at one-fourth. A cloudy dark fuscous dot is found towards the costa at one-third. The stigmata are cloudy and dark fuscous, the discal approximated, the plical rather obliquely before the first discal. There is a very oblique white strigula from the middle of the costa, preceded by an elongate dark fuscous mark, a similar mark preceding the subterminal line and a fine white line from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, obtusely angulated in the middle, the upper half straight, the lower slightly sinuate.

Its name is derived from cecidium and Nothofagus, the name of the host plant genus. This genus differs from Paraulax by a median vertical carina that extends from the ventral margin of the clypeus, almost reaching the ventral margin of the antennal sockets; its facial strigae radiating from the lateral clypeus; the ventral part of its clypeus is straight; a lateral, sharp occipital carina is present; its last antennal flagellomere is 1.5 to 1.7 times longer than wide; longitudinal costulae running from the lateral margin of its pronotal plate to the lateral surface of its pronotum are very short or absent altogether; notauli are sinuate; no scutellar foveae are present; simple claws, sometimes carrying a short basal lobe.

The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are pale stone grey, with pale rust-brown markings which tend to throw up rather more intensely coloured rust-brown scales along their margins. These consist of first, an irregular, large, dorsal patch covering two-fifths of the dorsum, throwing out a slight angle on the fold, and a stronger projecting angle upward nearly to the costa, but not reaching the base. Secondly, a broken and rather outwardly oblique fasciate shade a little beyond the middle, forming a costal spot, an inwardly projecting patch at the end of the cell, and a short length-spot on the dorsum, connected to the cell-spot by a narrow sinuate line.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are dull white with markings of dark fuscous mottling suffused grey and with a dot on the base of the costa and a broad irregular oblique almost basal fascia continued on the dorsal two-fifths of the wing to unite with a broad slightly sinuate fascia from two-thirds of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, the second fascia mixed white internally on the upper half and carrying a black discal dot surrounded by white on the anterior edge. There is a suffused spot from the costa before the upper part of the termen, the posterior edge waved and leaving the termen white. The hindwings are grey.

The wingspan is about 19 mm. The forewings are rather dark fuscous with a faint purplish tinge and the extreme costal edge whitish. There are three obscure darker slightly sinuate oblique transverse lines, the first from before one-third of the costa to beyond the middle of the dorsum, the second from beyond the middle of the costa to four-fifths of the dorsum, the third from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, edged posteriorly with a slight whitish tinge, the second discal stigma forming a dark fuscous dot on the second line, preceded by a whitish dot. There is a marginal series of indistinct dark fuscous dots around the apical part of the costa and termen.

The stigmata are moderate and dark fuscous, the plical obliquely beyond the first discal, these connected by slight suffusion with an oblique triangular suffused fuscous spot from the dorsum beyond the middle, the second discal traversed by a somewhat sinuate dark fuscous line from the middle of the costa terminating in a similar smaller spot towards the tornus. There is an oblique dark fuscous line from the costa at three-fourths curved around at the extremity to the tornus. Six cloudy dark fuscous dots are found around the apex and termen, largest at the apex. The hindwings are pale grey, with a large pale greyish-ochreous expansible subcostal hairpencil from the base.

The forewings are rather dark bronzy ochreous fuscous with a moderate shining white median streak from the base to four-fifths, the lower edge straight to nearly two-thirds, then sinuate to the pointed apex. There is a white line almost from the base along the costa to the middle, then very obliquely to just beyond the apex of the median streak. A rather narrow white subdorsal streak is found from the base to just beyond the apex of the median streak, cut by a fine very oblique fuscous line on the tornus, and its posterior edge irregular above this. There is also a light ochreous-yellow apical patch connecting the costal line and the subdorsal streak.

There is a short dark fuscous transverse mark at the base of the costa, and a supramedian dash near the base almost touching this. There are three irregular oblique transverse fuscous lines from dark fuscous marks on the costa at one-fourth, the middle, and three-fourths, the first traversing but more or less interrupted above and below the first discal stigma, which is large, dark fuscous, irregular-oval, the second discal stigma on the second line is smaller, dark fuscous and elongate, the third line slightly sinuate, running to the termen above the tornus. There is a marginal series of blackish dots around the apex and termen. The hindwings are light grey.

There is also a slenderer and more distinct dark grey sinuate or dentate line from the costa obliquely outwards, thence curved strongly round to the inner margin before the anal angle, thickened and darker near the costa, as well as a cloudy grey shade from the costa to the inner margin before the anal angle, considerably broader towards the costa. A small cloudy grey spot is found towards the middle of the hindmargin and a row of distinct dark grey dots is placed along the hindmargin and apical fourth of the costa. The hindwings are ochreous grey, the costa and base more whitish ochreous.Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.

There is a blackish spot at the base on the submedian fold. The inner line is black, before one-third, evenly outcurved and sinuate on vein 1, preceded by two indistinct dark parallel lines. The basal area is limited by a thicker curved wavy line and the outer line is black, concave outwards from the costa to vein 4, on which it is bent, then oblique inwards to the submedian fold, and vertically sinuous to the inner margin, followed immediately by a dark parallel line and at a distance by a dark wavy line. The subterminal line is pale grey between blackish shades, met by a curved black streak from the apex and there is a black terminal festoon.

There is an oblique series of four irregular cloudy dark fuscous dots from the costa at one-fourth to a small cloudy ferruginous-brown spot on the fold, then continued by a faint sinuate fuscous shade to the dorsum at one-third. A straight ferruginous shade suffused posteriorly is found from before the middle of the costa to the tornus, with two obliquely placed cloudy darker dots on the anterior edge in the middle. There is an irregular waved faint fuscous line from two-thirds of the costa to the tornus, where it meets the preceding, excurved in the middle, on the lower portion with two or three crescentic dark fuscous marks. There is also a terminal series of dark fuscous dots.

The flesh is thick in the center of the cap and tapers evenly to the margin, and is watery gray, with a cartilage-like texture. The odor and taste are mildly to strongly farinaceous (similar to the smell of freshly ground flour), to radish-like. The gills are narrowly attached (adnexed) to broadly attached or sinuate. The gill spacing ranges from close to somewhat distantly spaced, with 26–36 gills reaching the stem; there are additionally three or four tiers of lamellulae (short gills that do not extend completely from the cap margin to the stem). The gills are strongly intervenose (possessing cross-veins), moderately broad (5–7 mm), white or grayish white, soon flushed with pale pink, with even edges.

This species is associated with Quercus and is endemic to the cloud forests of Central America and northern South America (habitats in which L. amethystina also occurs). L. gomezii is similar to L. vinaceobrunnea in a number of characteristics, but the fresh sporocarp is a darker purple than either L. vinaceobrunnea or L. amethystina. Its lamellae distinguish it from other members of the L. amethystina group, with L. gomezii having attached to subdecurrant, very closely spaced lamellae, in contrast to the sinuate to arctuate, narrowly attached lamellae of other species in this group. The spores of L. gomezii are similar to those of L. vinaceobrunnea and Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis, and it lacks the distinct pileipellis hyphae of L. vinaceobrunneaMueller, 1992.

The forewings are pale grey irregularly irrorated (sprinkled) with dark grey and with a strong violet gloss, especially anteriorly. There is a very large deep fulvous semiovate dorsal patch sharply limited by a white rim, extending from one-fourth of the dorsum to near the tornus, and reaching two-thirds across the wing, the anterior end vertical and the posterior projecting angularly just over the tornus. There are two or three irregular blackish-grey dots following the posterior edge of this, as well as a blackish somewhat sinuate line from near two-thirds of the costa to near the middle of the termen, a short portion in the middle is deep fulvous. The hindwings are grey whitish with a broad suffused grey terminal fascia.

The forewings are uniform whitish-grey, faintly ochreous-tinged and with a whitish costal edge. There is a minute black dot at the base of the costa, a black dot on the inner margin near the base, and sometimes one or two others in the disc towards the base. There is also a black dot in the disc before the middle, a second in the disc beyond middle, a third on the fold obliquely beyond the first, and a fourth, minute or obsolete, below and beyond the second. There is a very fine transverse row of dark grey scales from the middle of the costa to the inner margin before the anal angle, irregularly sinuate on the upper half and strongly angulated in the middle.

The forewings brown slightly rosy tinged, suffusedly sprinkled with dark fuscous with the costal edge dark fuscous towards the base and with a narrow white costal streak from one-sixth to three-fourths and a white spot on the dorsum near the base, where a sinuate white subdorsal line, furcate (forked) anteriorly and connected with both ends of it, runs to the dorsum at two- thirds. There is a curved white line from above the fold at one-third of the wing to the dorsum at four-fifths, connected on the dorsum with the preceding, some white irroration (sprinkles) between them posteriorly and with some scattered white scales towards the costa. The hindwings are light grey, sprinkled darker on the veins and terminally.Exotic Microlepidoptera.

There is an angulated white streak from the costa at three-fourths to the tornus, brown on the median third, the lower portion ochreous-tinged and confluent with extremities of a V-shaped white mark preceding it, preceded also by a small whitish dorsal spot. There is a sinuate brown line from the costa at four-fifths to the apex, and a brown terminal line. Beyond this two pairs of small white black-edged wedge-shaped costal spots mostly in the cilia, the costal cilia otherwise pale grey, at the apex with a black projecting hook, on the termen with dark fuscous subbasal line and suffused dark fuscous on the outer half. The hindwings are grey, with a streak of pale suffusion in the middle of the disc.Exot. Microlep.

The forewings are black, with a large triangular orange spot on the dorsum beyond the middle, its apex toward the costa, from which it is narrowly separated by the ground-colour, its inner side leaving the dorsum at an angle of about 45°, and its outer margin somewhat curved to the dorsum before the tornus. The hindwings are black, with a broad orange fascia on the median third of the wing, its inner edge continuous with that of the patch on the forewing, a small projection upward in the cell encroaching on the black basal area. The outer margin of the orange fascia is somewhat sinuate, the fascia being narrowed below the cell and toward the costa, where it is scarcely more than half the width of the patch on the forewing.Lep. B.O.U. Exp.

The forewings are whitish ochreous with a blackish-fuscous mark along the costa at the base and a very oblique trapezoidal blackish-fuscous blotch extending on the dorsum from near the base to two-fifths, and reaching rather beyond the fold, in males reduced to an elongate spot above the fold. There is a very oblique black strigula from the costa before the middle and a blackish- fuscous pale-edged mark on the transverse vein, the upper end enlarged, in females surrounded with some undefined fuscous suffusion. There is a somewhat sinuate ochreous-whitish line from five-sixths of the costa to the tornus, edged anteriorly with dark fuscous suffusion enlarged in the disc into a triangular patch almost reaching the preceding mark. A blackish line is found around the apex and termen.

The forewings are light greyish ochreous, paler towards the costa anteriorly and the costal edge anteriorly blackish. There is an irregular thick upcurved blackish-fuscous streak from towards the dorsum before the middle to the disc at two-thirds and a very oblique blackish strigula from the costa at one- third. A thick bronze-brown streak, irregularly suffused with black, is found towards the costa from near beyond this to the apex, anteriorly acute, cut by a very oblique fine white line from the middle of the costa, and one less oblique from three-fourths, making a very acute angular projection in the middle and continued to the dorsum before the tornus, both halves sinuate inwards, the projection enclosing a very fine black dash. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

The forewings are pale grey with black markings, consisting of two small oval spots beneath the costa towards the base, an interrupted streak on the fold from the base to one third, a short mark on the dorsum at one-fourth and one towards the dorsum before the middle. The stigmata forms small spots, the plical obliquely beyond the first discal, with a streak projecting from the second discal to near the first. There are two interneural streaks above the cell before and beyond the middle of the wing and a sinuate transverse series of six posteriorly, not reaching the cell or margin, the first and fourth of these longest, the two lowest little marked. There is a marginal series of about eleven dots around the apical part of the costa and termen.

The forewings are pale ochreous with an irregular blackish patch extending along the dorsum from near the base to near the tornus, widest before the middle of the wing, where it extends halfway across, the edge is sinuate before and beyond this, narrow towards the posterior extremity, the apex truncate and followed by slight whitish suffusion. There is a broad blackish streak along the costa from before the middle to the apex, pointed anteriorly, cut by an oblique whitish strigula at two-thirds and a less oblique grey-whitish strigula at three- fourths, the lower edge between this and the apex semicircularly excavated. There is also an oval silvery-white spot on the middle of the termen containing an elongate black dot. The hindwings are grey, lighter and bluish tinged anteriorly.

The wingspan is 30–35 mm. UKmoths Forewing smooth pale ochreous suffused with brown except along costa; Forewing pale fulvous suffused with darker: lines fine, brown; inner line angled on submedian fold: outer sinuate, nearly parallel to outer margin; orbicular and reniform stigmata pale, indistinct, except lower lobe of reniform, which is marked by a snowwhite spot, and is often surrounded by a grey cloud: hindwing pale rufous, darker towards termen: -suffusa Tutt is a melanic form, without any yellow tint, from North England and W. Ireland. Larva dull yellow brown; dorsal line white, with dark edges: subdorsal line black; lateral lines white flecked with red, with a broad brown stripe running beneath them and above the black spiracles.Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt.

The wingspan is 17–18 mm. The forewings are white with a short oblique dark fuscous mark on the base of the costa and a suffused dark fuscous elongate blotch extending along the basal fourth of the dorsum, as well as an irregular sinuate-dentate dark fuscous line from one-fifth of the costa to the anterior edge of a quadrate fuscous blotch on the middle of the dorsum not reaching half across the wing. There is an irregular slightly curved dark fuscous line from the middle of the costa to four-fifths of the dorsum, and another from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, these connected on the dorsum by a quadrate dark fuscous blotch. Seven large blackish marginal dots are found around the posterior part of the costa and termen.

Abdomen greyish-fuscous. Legs ochreous, last tarsal segments fuscous. Forewings ovate-lanceolate, costa strongly arched basally, apex acute, termen very oblique, slightly sinuate; shining ochreous, darker on apical half and above dorsum at base; a silvery- white fascia from costa at middle; irregular and variable in shape, sometimes spot-like, sometimes reaching middle of wing where it touches an irregular black spot; a similar but usually broader fascia at 3/4, also connecting with a black (generally transverse) spot; sometimes a silvery-white dot or dots between second fascia and apex; a series of silvery-white spots round termen: fringes reddish-ochreous with a very obscure dark basal line. Hindwings fuscous-violet: fringes, fuscous on basal half of dorsum, ochreous with a fuscous basal line on remainder of wing.

There are three somewhat irregular oblique dark fuscous lines from beneath the costal edge, the first almost straight from before one-fourth to the middle of the dorsum, the second from the middle somewhat sinuate in the disc to the dorsum at three-fourths, the third from three-fourths rather curved on the lower half to the tornus, the space between the second and third pale grey on the dorsal half. A marginal series of blackish dots is found around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are whitish, the costa strongly expanded on the anterior half, expansion fringed with white scales and clothed on the lower surface with closely appressed long ochreous- whitish hairs. There is an ochreous-yellowish subcostal streak reaching the middle.

The forewings are brownish grey, the extreme costal edge white and with some darker suffusion towards the dorsum near the base, as well as a slightly curved irregular darker shade from one-fourth of the costa gradually expanded to the middle of the dorsum, preceded by some irregular whitish suffusion except towards the dorsum. There is an irregular dark fuscous shade from the costa beyond the middle to the dorsum at four-fifths, preceded by a white shade, and one rather sinuate from costa at four-fifths to the tornus followed by a white shade, the space between these uniformly infuscated to form a darker band. The apical area is mixed with white irroration (sprinkling) and there are eight blackish nearly connected marginal marks around the apex and termen. The hindwings are grey.

The forewings are uniform whitish-grey, faintly ochreous-tinged and with the costal edge whitish. There is a minute black dot at the base of the costa, a black dot on the inner margin near the base and sometimes one or two others in the disc towards the base. There is also a black dot in the disc before the middle, a second in the disc beyond the middle, a third on the fold obliquely beyond the first, and a fourth, minute or obsolete, below and beyond the second. A very fine transverse row of dark grey scales, not forming distinct dots, is found from the middle of the costa to the inner margin before the anal angle, irregularly sinuate on the upper half and strongly angulated in the middle.

The forewings are grey with the costal edge ochreous yellowish from one-third to near the apex and crimson markings, consisting of a subdorsal spot near the base and the dorsal and discal spots beyond this, one in the disc at one- fourth, one beneath the fold rather before this, two transversely placed and almost connected representing the plical and first discal stigmata, a crescentic mark on the end of the cell with the upper end produced by light suffusion anteriorly and lower connected by a sinuate streak with the dorsum towards the tornus. There is an undefined curved subterminal line of faint suffusion and small dark fuscous marginal dots or marks around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are rather dark grey.Exotic Microlepidoptera.

Hilarographa cirrhocosma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the Solomon Islands.The Old World Hilarographini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are deep reddish- orange, redder towards the apex with a light brassy-yellow streak along the basal two-fifths of the dorsum, a short median streak from the base, five oblique wedge-shaped spots or streaks from the costa (with the third very small) between the base and four-fifths, and a subquadrate costal blotch towards the apex closely followed by a small direct wedge-shaped spot extended over the cilia, these all separated by dark fuscous streaks which are connected with six sinuate (wavy) blue-blackish lines crossing the wing between one-fourth and three-fourths.

Subspecies P. s. atkinsoni from Ladakh Male upperside dull white. Forewing: base and costal margin irrorated with black scales; cell with the usual medial and apical short black transverse bars, the former not extended down to the median vein in typical specimens; discal and postdiscal dusky black sinuate bands, the former attenuated below vein 6, stops short of the dorsum, the latter extends right down to the dorsal margin; beyond these bands the terminal margin is more or less shaded with dusky black which at the tornus coalesces with the postdiscal band. Hindwing: dorsal margin broadly dusky black, this colour narrowed towards the tornus; a postdiscal black-encircled red spot in interspace 5; termen somewhat broadly dusky black, with a subterminal series of darker spots in the interspaces and the dorsal margin fringed with long white hairs.

The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are lilac-fuscous, mixed with brown, with some scattered blackish scales and several tufts of scales on or near the fold anteriorly, as well as two oblique obtusely angulated series of brown tufts crossing the wing from before the middle of the costa to three-fourths of the dorsum, the first including in the disc a small blackish-mixed spot partially outlined with whitish. Beyond these, the terminal third of the wing is wholly ochreous- white, crossed by a strongly sinuate line of grey dots from a small spot on the costa to the tornus, a cloudy grey dentate line near the termen, and a series of minute indistinct blackish dots suffused with ferruginous-ochreous just before the termen. The hindwings are grey, the apical margin suffused with whitish.

Female has the ground colour similar to the male; the markings differ from those of the male as follows: Upperside, forewing: base and costa more heavily irrorated with greyish-black scales; discocellular spot larger; apical area black, with three enclosed elongate orange spots; inner margin of black area irregularly sinuate and diffuse, extended shortly inwards in interspace 3; a transverse black spot across middle of interspace 1. Hindwing: base irrorated more sparsely than in the forewing with greyish-black scales; preapical spot on costa and terminal spots much larger; in a few specimens there is an obscure transverse posterior discal fascia. Underside: markings similar to but very much broader, more heavily marked, and more prominent than those in the male; the transverse fuscous strife and dots more numerous. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male.

The paler colouring does not extend to the base but only to the sinuate oblique outer edge of a strongly-marked dark basal patch, the green metallic reflections being especially noticeable beyond its outer margin. Below the middle of the costal margin is a small ocelloid spot with a dark brown centre, and the pale upper margin is preceded by a smaller one and followed by a third spot a little more distant from it, which forms the outer extremity of a dark brown shade. There are three patches of raised whitish-ochreous scales, the first on the disc before the middle, and two below the disc almost reaching the dorsum, the one before the other behind the middle. The apical portion of the wing is much mottled and contains a paler costal patch at one-fourth from the apex.

The costal edge is dark grey towards the base and there is some irregular greyish clouding towards the costa at one-fourth, as well as a very oblique dark grey mark from before the middle of the costa, beyond this two small grey spots edged darker, from beyond the second a series of dark grey dots obliquely inwards, forming a deep indentation, then strongly excurved in the disc and again sinuate to before the tornus. The first discal stigma is indistinct, fuscous, the plical obliquely beyond it, indistinct or seldom dark fuscous, the second discal represented by two transversely placed dark fuscous dots, an additional dot before the lower of these. There are also two dark fuscous marks on the costa before the apex, and a terminal series of dots or an interrupted line. The hindwings are whitish or whitish grey with a dark fuscous terminal line.

Both forewings and hindwings with numerous short, slender, transverse strigae and minute dots, brown. Forewing: dorsal area near base below the cell but not further outwards more or less free of spots and strigae; a narrow brown transverse spot across cell near the base, another across the middle, and a third of the apex of the same; a postdiscal, sinuate, irregular, macular, transverse, broad brownish line followed by a subterminal series of similarly-coloured minute spots. Hindwing: two or three very broken similar transverse broad curved lines, sometimes clearly marked and the detached portions indicating a definite band, in other specimens very irregular and out of line with one another; this is followed by a subterminal series of minute brown dots as on the forewing. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen concolorous with the wings; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen more or less speckled with whitish.

The ground colour of the forewings is brown, but this is little visible. The basal area is glossy leaden grey, enclosing an elongate blackish white- edged median blotch from the base to one-fourth, with some dark fuscous suffusion towards the dorsum beneath this, and a light glossy leaden-grey white-edged fascia from the upper end of this area to the dorsum beyond middle limits a large irregularly rounded triangular blackish-fuscous white-edged dorsal blotch. There is a rather angulated light leaden-grey fascia from the middle of the costa confluent with the preceding fascia near the dorsum, this fascia includes a wedge-shaped streak of ground colour becoming black towards the costa. Beyond this, a white sinuate line runs from three-fifths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, followed on the costal half first by a blackish blotch and then a quadrate white apical blotch.

He had in 1886 proposed a new, broader genus that included all pink-gilled fungi with adnate or sinuate gills and angular spores: Rhodophyllus. These two approach to genus placement, using either Rhodophyllus or Entoloma, coexisted for many decades, with mycologists and guidebooks following either; Henri Romagnesi, who studied the genus for over forty years, favoured Rhodophyllus, as initially did Rolf Singer. However, most other authorities have tended to favor Entoloma, and Singer conceded the name was far more widely used and adopted it for his Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy text in 1986. In the meantime, it had been widely accepted that the 1950 change to the Stockholm Code caused more problems than they solved, and in 1981, the Sydney Code reinstated the validity of pre-1801 names, but created the status of sanctioned name for those used in the foundational works of Persoon and Elias Magnus Fries.

The forewings are whitish, partially tinged with pale grey, and finely irrorated (speckled) throughout with blackish. There is a brown oblique fascia-like spot from the costa about one- third, somewhat dilated downwards, reaching to below the middle of the disc, containing a blackish suffusion towards its lower extremity. A roundish-brown blotch is found in the disc about three-fourths, including a longitudinal suffused blackish streak, and confluent posteriorly with a smaller brown blotch on the middle of the hindmargin. There is a sinuate fuscous line from the middle of the costa to the centre of the blotch at three-fourths and an ill-defined blackish-fuscous denticulate line from two-thirds of the costa to the inner margin before the anal angle, very strongly curved outwards so as to approach the margin throughout, followed on the costa by two or three small spots of brownish suffusion.

The first thoracic segment (Prothorax), which is the segment closest to the head, is nearly heart-shaped (sub-cordate) and hairless (glabrous). The Prothorax is broad as long, curved like a bow (arcuate) on the side (laterally) from apex to base, but broader in the front (anterior) than in the back part (posterior) where it does not have any curvilinear indentations (not sinuate), but the basal angle is sharp and projects, the outer margin is bent backward (reflexed). On the Prothorax the side groove (lateral sulcus) is narrow and reaches from the front (anterior) angle to the basal pore and is not continued along the basal margin to the basal longitudinal groove (sulcus), the space along the base between the grooves (sulci) and the median longitudinal line is not punctured (impunctate), the front part of the disk which is broadest across the median part is slightly convex and the sides of the rear (posterior) are not depressed or bent backwards (reflexed) on the site (laterally).

The forewings are fuscous suffused with whitish ochreous and with a whitish-ochreous streak from the costa near the base to beneath the costa before the middle, margined beneath with dark fuscous suffusion towards the base. There is a blackish blotch edged with ochreous whitish extending along the dorsum from near the base to beyond the middle, with the angles rounded, the upper edge sinuate and the posterior portion more prominent and reaching more than halfway across the wing. There is also a whitish-ochreous oblique streak from the costa before the middle, edged with dark fuscous posteriorly, nearly reaching the second discal stigma, which is blackish, edged with ochreous whitish. There is a whitish-ochreous line from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus, somewhat obtusely bent in the middle, followed on the costa by a triangular spot suffusedly marked with dark fuscous reaching one-third of the way across the wing.

The forewings are dark umber-brown, with a leaden grey costal patch at the base reaching nearly to one-third, widened and produced downward at its outer end, but scarcely touching the fold. Joining it at the extreme base is a leaden grey band, running along the dorsum below the fold to beyond the middle, where it is joined by a transverse fascia starting narrowly on the costa, enclosing a dark brown spot on the cell and consisting above the middle of shining silvery blue-grey scales, a narrower subapical fascia of the same colour, much zigzagged in its course, precedes the termen. The apex is slightly caudate, and is distinctly marked by a slender whitish ochreous line, along the base of the dark brown costal cilia, which is continued along the upper half of the sinuate termen. The terminal cilia is dark brown, with a curved white patch immediately below the apex which is very apparent on the underside.

A pale aeneous band, commencing at the base of the costa, is dilated downward to the dorsum, and continued outward along it to the middle, where it is turned upward to the fold, joining the inner branch of a shining steel-grey furcate fascia, which, descending from the costa, scarcely beyond the middle, encloses an elongate, transverse, brown spot, near its outer side on the cell. This is preceded, halfway to the base, by an outwardly oblique, shining, steel-grey, metallic, cuneiform costal blotch. A sinuate band of the same colour commences with the costal cilia, suddenly angulated outward below them, and diffused along the lower half of the termen between the outer and the central fascia, as also on the dorsum between the forks of the latter, the dark ground-colour is thickly sprinkled with golden-brown scales. The terminal cilia is whitish cinereous, with a pure white patch below the apex, a dark brown line along their base.

The wingspan is 14–15 mm. The forewings have an irregular grey longitudinal suffusion extending from the base through the disc and gradually expanding to three-fourths, sometimes extending nearly to the costa, with variable transverse bars, spots, or clouds of dark fuscous suffusion, beyond the middle connected with the dorsum by a more or less developed patch of similar mottling, and with an oblique streak from near the posterior extremity to the costa beyond the middle. There is a dark ferruginous fascia narrowed downwards around the apex and upper two-thirds of the termen, edged anteriorly by a sinuate white line and then by a streak of grey suffusion. The hindwings are grey with the costa rather dilated on the anterior two-thirds, with a fringe of white projecting scales and a stronger white median tuft, as well as an ochreous-whitish expansible hairpencil lying in a yellowish subcostal groove from the base to two-thirds.

The wingspan is about 28 mm. The forewings are fuscous suffused with brown, especially towards the middle of the disc and three indistinct darker fuscous transverse series of cloudy dots starting from small distinct spots on the costa, the first curved outwards above the fold and inwards below it, preceded by pale raised scales in the disc, the second at first very oblique outwards, strongly curved in the disc, obsolete towards the dorsum, the third curved outwards on the upper half, forming a straight shade on the lower half. A clear round white discal dot is found at three-fifths, partially edged with dark fuscous, and connected with the first line by a longitudinal suffused dark fuscous bar. There is also a very undefined sinuate subterminal line indicated by slight whitish suffusion and edged posteriorly with darker suffusion, as well as some slight whitish suffusion towards the apex and a terminal series of dark fuscous marks.

The wingspan is 17–19 mm. The forewings are light greyish ochreous with a triangular greyish-violet blotch from the dorsum at two-fifths reaching more than half across the wing, edged anteriorly towards the dorsum by a white line terminating in a small orange scale-projection and preceded by some greyish- violet dorsal suffusion, the apex of the blotch connected with the costa before one-third by a greyish-violet line. There is a transverse-oval dark fuscous whitish-edged blotch on the end of the cell and a curved greyish- violet line from the middle of the costa passing just beyond this to the dorsum at four-fifths, its lower half thickened into a fasciate blotch. There is a greyish-violet line from the costa at three-fourths to the dorsum before the tornus, thickened and sinuate inwards near the costa, the space between this and the preceding tinged whitish towards the costa.

The forewings are white with fuscous markings which are diffused with ochreous, and irrorated (sprinkled) with black scales. There is a broad fascia from the fold opposite two-fifths the inner margin, the anterior border in two waves to one-third of the costa, and continued as a fine line toward the base, but not as far as the base, the posterior border is irregularly curved and toothed, nearly parallel to the anterior border, then curved along the costa, and gradually narrowing to a thinned out line at four-fifths of the costa. This subtends a second fascia which is sometimes commingled with it from a point opposite two-thirds of the costa and which gradually widens to the inner margin, the anterior border twice waved and finely denticulate to beyond half the inner margin, the posterior border with a sinuate outward curve to anal angle of the inner margin. From its centre a bar connects with a broad diffused apical fascia.

The forewings are violet fuscous with an oblique mark from the costa at one-fourth running into a short subcostal longitudinal streak, beneath it whitish ochreous, preceded and followed by dark fuscous suffusion and with an irregular-edged curved oblique dark fuscous fasciate streak from one-fourth of the dorsum to beneath this, edged with whitish suffusion. A dark fuscous oblique fasciate mediodorsal blotch reaches three-fourths across the wing, edged whitish, the anterior edge sinuate convex, the posterior concave with a well-marked triangular projection in the middle. There is an ochreous-orange very oblique striga from the middle of the costa, preceded and followed by fine white blackish-edged strigae. There are some variable small dark fuscous spots towards the dorsum beyond this, surrounded by whitish suffusion and an indistinct irregular blue-leaden transverse line is found at three-fourths, followed by a whitish dot on the costa and there is some slight whitish- ochreous marking or suffusion in the disc beyond this.

Underside: pale yellowish white, in many specimens from moist localities suffused with a beautiful rosy flush; the markings in such specimens prominent, in those from dry localities more or less obsolescent. Forewing: discocellular spot as on the upperside, but complete, and not an oval ring; in some specimens a postdiscal, dark ochraceous brown, narrow, curved band from costa to middle of interspace 2. Hindwing: a small discocellular spot in the form of an oval light brown ring always much smaller than the similar spot on the forewing; a postdiscal, curved, more or less sinuate band similar to and in continuation of the band on the forewing from the costa to vein 1. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dusky black, the club of the antennae on the underside, the hairs that cover the head and thorax and the scaling of the abdomen salmon buff; beneath: much paler, fading to white in specimens from dry localities.

It closely resembles Pieris brassicae, from which it differs as follows: Male has the upper forewing with inner margin of the black area on apex and termen not smoothly curved but sinuate (curved); an elongate narrow black spot, sometimes faint and ill defined but always traceable, in interspace 3. Hindwing: termen edged by a narrow continuous black band that extends from the black costal spot to the middle of interspace 3. Underside, forewing: apex and upper portion of termen ashy brown (by reason of the black on the upperside that shows through by transparency), thickly irrorated with black scales; besides the black spots in interspaces 1 and 3 present as in P. brassicae, there is a third black spot from middle of interspace 5 to vein 7 that extends above the latter vein diffusely to the costa. Hindwing: as in P. brassicae but the ground colour not so yellow; the black terminal band of the upperside can be seen through faintly by transparency; the black subcostal spot as in P. brassicce, with a second black spot in interspace 3.

Underside: greyish brown. Forewings and hindwings: two subterminal and a terminal white transverse line succeeded by an anteciliary black line on each wing, the ground colour enclosed between these lines of a slightly darker shade with the appearance of somewhat maculate (spotted) transverse bands. On the hindwing near apices of interspaces 1 a, 1 and 2 enclosed between the inner of the two subterminal white lines and the terminal white line are a large round black spot inwardly edged with ochraceous in interspace 2, two minute black geminate (paired) spots in interspace 1 and a similar single spot in interspace 1 a, the latter three spots superposed on a white ground and above the white a narrow transverse short ochraceous line. Forewing: in addition four obliquely placed, transverse, white parallel fasti as follows: two, one on either side of the discocellulars extended between the subcostal vein and the dorsum; two upper discal lines broken and sinuate, extended from just below the costa, the inner lino to vein 3, the outer line to vein 1.

This is also commonly seen in N. flava, N. fusca, N. jamban, N. ovata, and N. vogelii. The wings are often reduced to ridges, although no vestige of the wings may be apparent in some specimens. These ridges typically run parallel in the lower part of the pitcher, becoming divergent above. The pitcher mouth is horizontal and straight. The peristome is flattened, glossy and up to 1.5 cm wide, being of approximately equal width across its span or broader towards the rear. The peristome ribs are highly reduced but conspicuous, being only up to 0.5 mm high and spaced up to 0.5 mm apart. The rear of the pitcher is elongated into an acuminate neck (≤3 cm long) that may be vertical or inclined forwards at a considerable angle relative to the pitcher orifice. The peristome's inner margin lacks teeth, while the outer margin is often sinuate at the base of the neck. The lid is typically hastate and very narrow, measuring up to 8 cm in length, with basal and middle widths of up to 2.5 and 1 cm, respectively.

The male's upperside is dark brownish black, a broad medial oblique white band across both forewings and hindwings, not extended on the forewing above vein 5, above vein 3 produced shortly outwards and downwards into a hook-like form. Underside: white with the following black markings: On forewing a short, outwardly-pointed, oblique, clavate (club-shaped) streak from base joined below to a semi-circular broad band that reaches the costa; a short, outwardly oblique, upper discal bar, its outer edge generally emarginate; the apex, the termen narrowly, a large irregular sub-quadrate spot touching it in the middle and a very large inwardly oblique irregular spot or mark close to the tornus. On the hindwing: a hook-shaped mark at base sometimes slender; an inwardly oblique short clavate bar from apex, three coalescent spots extended outwards from the dorsum above the tornus formed into a sinuate (sinuous) irregular mark; a spot further outwards in interspace 4; a terminal series of slender lunules and an ancillary fine line. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen white. Female.

The forewings are pale rosy grey at the base, on the middle of the costa, and along the termen and apex, with a wash of reddish fawn between the grey patches, becoming tawny vinous along the edges of the fawn spaces. This colour appears conspicuously at the costal extremity of the first fawn patch, also along its inwardly oblique sinuate inner edge, which, leaving the costa at one-third, runs to the dorsum near the base. A tawny vinous spot lies in the fold, a little beyond its middle, and, above and beyond this, a large reniform fawn patch, partially isolated by lines of rosy grey, lies at the end of the cell, its narrow vinous margin produced downward to the dorsum before the tornus, thus bounding a second large fawn patch rising from the tornus to the outer third of the costa, its outer edge throwing out short dentate projections between the veins. A marginal row of small vinous spots bounds the outer side of the elongate rosy grey terminal patch.

The forewings are white, faintly speckled with pale umber-brown and with three dark brown costal marks containing some blackish scales. The first at one-fourth from the base, giving rise to a very inconspicuous sinuate and outwardly oblique line of brownish scales, some of which are raised, the second at about the middle of the wing, also gives rise to an outwardly oblique line of brown scales containing raised blackish tufts, this is developed into a conspicuous spot at the end of the cell, and beneath it nearer to the base is a much smaller spot of similar raised scales, this line is not continued to the dorsal margin. From the third costal spot, which is at three-fourths of the wing-length, a more continuous but slender line of mixed brown and black scales, some slightly raised, curves outwards above the middle of the wing and is bent back to the anal angle. Beyond it, but below the middle of the apical margin, is a spot of similar colour, above which are a few scattered brownish scales along the margin.

Underside: brownish grey. Forewing: a spot in cell, a transverse lunule on the discocellulars, and a transverse anteriorly inwardly curved series of eight discal spots, black; the transverse lunule and each spot encircled with a narrow white edging; the posterior two spots of the discal series geminate (paired). Beyond these are a postdiscal and a subterminal series of short transverse dusky black spots followed by an anteciliary black line; the ground colour between the discal and postdiscal series and between the latter and the subterminal series of spots posteriorly paler than on the rest of the wing. Hindwing: a transverse, subbasal, slightly sinuate line of four spots, a short, slender, lunular line on the discocellulars, and a very strongly curved discal series of eight small spots, black; the lunule and each spot encircled with a narrow edging of white; the posterior two spots of the discal series geminate as on the forewing; beyond these as on the forewing there is a double line of dusky spots, only more lunular, with between them and between the discal and postdiscal series the ground colour in the same way followed by slightly paler; an anteciliary fine black line.

The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are white, slightly and very minutely speckled ochreous-grey and with a grey spot on the base of the costa and there is a dark grey spot on the costa at one-third, where some grey suffusion extends towards the base and there is a larger spot on the costa beyond the middle, the upper half dark grey, the lower greyish- ochreous and there are strong transverse whitish ridge-tufts above and below the middle at one-fourth. Two transversely placed confluent dots of grey irroration indicate the first discal stigma, extended by a grey shade to the dorsum and the second discal stigma is dot-like and blackish, with a transverse blotch of pale greyish-ochreous suffusion between this and the first, as well as a faint blotch of pale grey suffusion beyond this, and another on the dorsum beneath it. A hardly sinuate direct fine grey line runs from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus and the terminal area beyond this is suffused grey, in the disc irregularly sprinkled blackish.