Rukeli, like most Sinti, was family-oriented—though he married somewhat later in life than most, at age 20033, to a non-Sinti Berliner called Olga Bilda.
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She raps or sometimes plays men on stage: once she played famous Sinti-German boxer Johann Trollmann – the Sinti are a Romani group, living mostly in Germany and central Europe.
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No matter how bravely they fought, all Sinti and Roma were dishonorably discharged from the military in 1942.
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Most of them are from Germany, Bulgaria, and Hungary, but a part of them are also of Sinti Roma backgrounds.
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By early 1936, Johann had been one of the countless Sinti and Roma subject to sterilization via an enforced vasectomy.
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He was 35 years old, and just one of the estimated half-million Sinti and Roma murdered by the Nazis.
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Witt's decidedly non-Aryan opponent, Trollmann, was a Sinti gypsy, born in 21943 in Hanover to a family of nine siblings.
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She said Germany remained committed to remembering the crimes that it committed against Jews, Poles, Roma and Sinti, gay people, and others.
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Nazis held and killed millions of Jews, political dissenters, disabled people, Roma and Sinti among others in concentration camps during World War Two.
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The complex hosts eight buildings connected by four courtyards, which between 21974–19673 served as the secret police's torture chamber for Jews, homosexuals, Roma, and Sinti people.
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For many observers, Kickl's wording evoked Nazi-era concentration camps, where Nazis held and killed millions of Jews, political dissenters, disabled people, Roma and Sinti during World War Two.
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The German government was destroying society by allowing it to be overrun by "culturally foreign people such as Arabs, Sinti and Roma," the newspaper quoted the email as saying.
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This unprecedented statement from a U.S. President was widely criticized for denying the particular experience of Jews as the only group, besides the Roma and Sinti, that the Nazis targeted exclusively for death.
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His best-known works include a Holocaust memorial at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the "Way of Human Rights" in the Germanishches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg, and a memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of National Socialism.
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Friday is an international memorial day for the victims of the genocide that resulted in the death of an estimated 6 million Jews, 2 million Sinti and Roma people, 250,000 mentally and physically disabled people, and 9,000 homosexuals.
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In the many hours we spent together, Roth spoke to me at length about the importance of "intersectional activism," and offered well-crafted monologues about the discrimination against Jews, Muslims, the Sinti and the Roma, and the L.G.B.T. community.
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In what the company called a "moral gesture," payouts of 5,000 euros to 15,000 euros, or about $5,700 to $17,000, will be made to Jews and to members of the Roma and Sinti communities, NS said in a statement on Wednesday.
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Earlier this month, the German paper Welt am Sonntag reported that one of the AfD's leading candidates, Alice Weidel, sent a 2013 email describing Germany as "overrun by Arabs, Sinti, and Roma," in a message laced with language associated with the Nazi era.
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It's what made Berlin, the reunified nation's capital, a city of memorials, where the wordy, abstract and sculptural Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe takes up central real estate alongside memorials dedicated to the Sinti and the Roma and homosexuals persecuted by the Nazis.
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Another Alternative for Germany leader, Björn Höcke, who is the party leader in the eastern state of Thüringen, caused an uproar in Germany last week by attacking Holocaust atonement and denouncing the central Berlin monument to millions of murdered European Jews, and also monuments to gays, disabled people and Sinti and Roma murdered by the Nazis.
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" Weidel is generally more careful than Gauland, but this month the newspaper Welt am Sonntag reported that she wrote a memo in 20 saying Germany was being "overrun by culturally alien peoples such as Arabs, Sinti and Roma" and denouncing the current government as "pigs [who] are nothing other than marionettes of the victorious powers of the second world war, whose task it is to keep down the German people.
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Weidel, an economist who has come under fire for receiving election funds from Switzerland, and in 2013 sent an email in which she denounced the takeover of Germany by "Arabs, Sinti and Roma," this time stood behind a poster saying "Rethinking Europe," and justified her party's opposition to Brussels in terms of margins and bottom lines, rather than the race-based screeds that have accompanied the AfD's rise thus far.
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Sinti and Roma people, 1941 The Sinti (also Sinta or Sinte; masc. sing. Sinto; fem. sing. Sintesa) are a Romani tribe in Central Europe. They were traditionally itinerant, but today only a small percentage of Sinti remain unsettled.
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Franz "Schnuckenack" Reinhardt (17 February 1921 – 15 April 2006) was a gypsy jazz musician (violinist), composer and interpreter. He was considered the "great violin virtuoso of Sinti music." Anita Awosusi: Die Musik der Sinti und Roma. Band 2: Der Sinti-Jazz.
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One respondent referred to the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma (Zentralrat Deutscher Sinti und Roma) as an important source for accessing further information and learning more about camps, memorials, and commemorative events throughout Europe, this included the Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma.
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Others, including scholar Yaron Matras, argue that "Sinti" is a later term in use by the Sinti from only the 18th century on, and is likely a European loanword.
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Deportation of Sinti from southwest Germany. Photo from 22 May 1940 Hohenasperg. Sinti were escorted by foot through the village under police surveillance. In May 1940, the prison was used as a way station during the first centrally planned deportation of Sinti out of southwest Germany, west of the Rhine River (Mainz, Ingelheim, Worms).
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Marianne Rosenberg is of Roma and Sinti background. Her father, Otto, an Auschwitz death camp survivor, was an activist on Roma and Sinti issues. Her sister, Petra, also advocates for Roma issues.
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The German government claimed that Bamberger's kidney injuries were sports-related, and so only the minimum reparation amount was paid. Bamberger was an active member of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma. During the spring of 1980, he and eleven other Sinti returned to Dachau on a hunger strike, in protest of their perceived second-class status.Ulrich Vöikiein Hungerstreik der Sinti.
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Roma and Sinti in Berlin around the year of 1926 Volkers, Emil (c. 1905), Camping gypsies near Düsseldorf, Germany Map of Europe showing Romani demographics The Sinti arrived in Germany and Austria in the Late Middle Ages.
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The European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma was founded in November 2007 in Heidelberg by the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma, the Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma and the Manfred Lautenschläger Foundation. The international prize is endowed with 15.000 Euro by the Manfred Lautenschläger Foundation. It has been awarded for the first time in December 2008.
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In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities. The Sinti of Central Europe are closely related to the group known as Manouche in France. They speak the Sinti-Manouche variety of Romani, which exhibits strong German influence.
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The Central Council of German Sinti and Roma (German: Zentralrat Deutscher Sinti und Roma) is a German Romanies rights group based in Heidelberg, Germany. It is headed by Romani Rose, who lost 13 of his close family in the Holocaust.
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A part of the cemetery is set aside for the graves of Roma and Sinti.
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The Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma was established in Heidelberg, Germany, in the early 1990s, as a memorial to Sinti and Roma people who were killed by the National Socialists Party. After several years of extension work collecting stories from the victims, conducting research, and conversion, the building complex was ceremonially opened to the public on 16 March 1997, and was supported by the attendance of many Roma and Sinti survivors. It is the world's first permanent exhibition on the genocide perpetrated upon the Sinti and Roma by the Nazis.Documentation and Cultural Centre Homepage The documentation Centre has three levels and covers an area of almost 700 square meters, and traces the history and stories of the persecution of the Sinti and Roma under National Socialism.
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These parts are kwd kaikaw ("song syllables"), sinti sülü ("approaching the name"), sinti iarén ("telling the name"), and kuré ("coda"). These are musical sections, not simply different parts of the text. However, melodies in akia seem to change more through these sections than in ngére.
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In 1972 Vincenz Rose founded the first self organisation of German Sinti, the Central Committee of Sinti in West Germany, in which the then not even 13 year old Romani Rose helped out. Since June 1979 he has led the work for the civil rights of German Sinti and Roma before the eyes of the German as well as the international public; he has also fought for their protection from racism and discrimination, for compensation for the survivors of the Holocaust – at the same time announcing the magnitude and the historical importance of the genocide of 500,000 Sinti and Roma in National Socialist occupied Europe. In May 1995, in cooperation with the member organisations of the Central Council, Rose achieved recognition for German Sinti and Roma as a national minority in Germany with their own minority language, connected with their goal of equal participation in social and political life. Rose was also one of the driving forces behind the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism in Berlin.
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The center of the pool at The Memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of National Socialism.
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Otto Rosenberg (1927–2001), was a Holocaust survivor, author of A Gypsy in Auschwitz (1999), activist, and founder of Sinti Union of Berlin and Organization for German Sinti and Roma. He was detained in Berlin-Marzhan in 1939. He was born in East Prussia and raised in Berlin.
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Drafi Franz Richard Deutscher (9 May 1946 – 9 June 2006) was a German singer and songwriter of Sinti origin.
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In 1990, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) recognized the vulnerable position of Roma and Sinti with regard to racial and ethnic hatred, xenophobia and discrimination. Since then the OSCE has committed to promote the human rights of Roma and Sinti and their integration into society. OSCE participating States have pledged to promote the remembrance of and education about this and other genocides. They have also pledged to undertake effective measures to eliminate discrimination against Roma and Sinti and enhance their public recognition.
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For his resilience and passion in the question of Roma rights, Thomas Hammarberg has been honoured by the Documentation and Cultural Centre and the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma and the Manfred Lautenschlaeger Foundation with the European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma in Berlin on 3 April 2012.
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The establishment of a permanent memorial to Sinti and Roma victims of the Nazi regime was a long-standing demand of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma and the German Sinti Alliance. In 1992 the Federal Government agreed to build a monument but the memorial faced years of delay and disputes over its design and location. The city of Berlin initially wanted to place it in the less prominent district of Marzahn, where hundreds of Roma and Sinti were held in terrible conditions from 1936. In 2001 it was agreed to site it in the Tiergarten close to other Holocaust memorials but work did not officially commence until 19 December 2008, the commemoration day for victims of the Porajmos.
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To commemorate the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War, ODIHR (The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) published the report Teaching about and Commemorating the Roma and Sinti Genocide. In this report, 34 of the 57 OSCE participating States responded to the ODIHR questionnaire on teaching about and commemoration of the Roma and Sinti genocide. The answers indicate a general level of awareness that Roma and Sinti were victims of genocide during the Second World War, but many people did not know to what extent they were persecuted. 20 countries (59 per cent) out of the 34 participating States reported that the Roma and Sinti genocide is taught at least of one level of education.
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In 2004 the Verkhovna Rada (the parliament of Ukraine) adopted a resolution on the commemoration of the International Remembrance Day of the Holocaust of the Roma. In 2009 the Serbian Roma National Congress (Romski Nacionalni Savet) and the International Romani Union proposed the introduction of the Day of Remembrance of the Holocaust against the Roma/Porajmos. In 2011 Poland established, by parliamentary resolution, the Genocide Remembrance Day of the Roma and Sinti (Dzień Pamięci o Zagładzie Romów i Sinti). Croatia, Czechia, Lithuania, and Slovakia also observe 2 August as Roma and Sinti Genocide Remembrance Day.
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1980 "Romanies: Hitler's Other Victims" The Bamberger family continued activists efforts after his death, working with renowned Roma professor Ian Hancock in monitoring the web for defamation and other discriminatory activities and misinformation. One of the Bamberger activists, Jakob's great niece Daniela Stolfi-Tow (daughter of Sita Bamberger) set precedence as the first Sinti to receive a college scholarship as Sinti, due to the research done by Dr. Ian Hancock that showed the origin of Roma to be in India, therefore allowing Sinti and Roma to be classified as Indian.
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Jakob "Johnny" Bamberger (11 December 1913 – 1989) was a Sinti boxer and later an activist in the Romani civil rights movement.
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Die Deportation von Juden, Roma und Sinti aus Hamburg 1940 bis 1945 (Sent to Death: The Deportation of Jews, Roma and Sinti from Hamburg, 1940 to 1945), she was awarded the Hamburger Ehrendenkmünze in Gold (Hamburg gold medal of honour) by mayor Ole von Beust. In 2015, a commemorative volume (Festschrift) honoring her work was published.
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In 1940, shooting of the movie was moved from Spain to Germany and Italy. In the Dolomites, people from the Sarntal were recruited as (paid) extras. However, for extras with a specific "Spanish look", Riefenstahl picked children and adults of Roma and Sinti background who were held in Nazi collection camps, so-called "Zigeunerlager". Fifty-one Roma and Sinti prisoners were chosen from the Maxglan-Leopoldskron camp (near Salzburg) for filming in the Alps in 1940, and, in 1942, at least 66 Roma and Sinti prisoners were taken from the Marzahn camp for scenes at Babelsberg.
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The memorial pool The Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism is a memorial in Berlin, Germany. The monument is dedicated to the memory of the 220,000 – 500,000 people murdered in the Porajmos – the Nazi genocide of the European Sinti and Roma peoples.An official EU website on "The Fate of European Roma and Sinti During the Holocaust" It was designed by Dani Karavan and was officially opened on 24 October 2012BBC News "Merkel opens Roma Holocaust Memorial in Berlin" 24 October 2012. Retrieved on 10 August 2013 by German Chancellor Angela Merkel in the presence of President Joachim Gauck.
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When the States were asked about which specific day commemorates the Roma and Sinti Genocide, 12 countries (35 per cent) responded that the victims of the Roma and Sinti genocide are commemorated on 27 January, International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Seven countries indicated that victims are commemorated on 2 August, the day around 23,000 Sinti and Roma were rounded up and removed by the SS and taken to Auschwitz. Six countries (18 per cent) indicated other varying commemoration dates. Fourteen participating States (41 per cent) that responded to the ODIHR questionnaire provided information on memorial sites that have been designated by the government.
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It is the very first book about the history of Sinti published in Austria. In 2008 the book was translated in Japanese by Martin Kaneko.
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Bohemian Romani belongs to the North Central dialect group of Romani. It is most closely related to Moravian Romani and West Slovak Romani, together with which it forms the Western subgroup of North Central Romani. Although clearly a North Central dialect, Bohemian Romani also shares a few features with the Sinti dialects of Romani. In some cases, these are due to diffusion from Sinti into Bohemian Romani.
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In bronze letters around the edge of the pool is the poem 'Auschwitz' by Roma poet Santino Spinelli, although the monument commemorates all Roma and Sinti murdered during the Porajmos: > Gaunt face dead eyes cold lips quiet a broken heart out of breath without > words no tears Information boards surround the memorial and provide a chronology of the genocide of the Sinti and Roma.
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It represents the interests of Sinti and Romani people in public through interviews, radio broadcasts, television recordings, writing articles about specific topics i.e. the fate of Romani women in Upper Austria. Another field of tasks is taking care of camping places in the surrounding and especially consultation and conception of surrounding campsites for Sinti and Romani people, i.e. at Braunau in cooperation with mayor Gerhard Skiba.
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Sinti is the self-designation of a large Romani population that began leaving the Balkans early on in the dispersion of the Romani language group, from the end of the 14th century on, and migrated to German-speaking territory. Sinti in France typically also speak Sinte Romani but refer to themselves as Manuš (or Manouche). Today Sinte is mainly spoken in Germany, France, Northern Italy, Switzerland, Serbia, and Croatia, with smaller numbers of speakers in Austria, the Czech Republic, and the Netherlands. Sinti form the largest sub-group of Romani people in Germany, and Germany, in turn, is home to the largest number of Sinte Romani speakers.
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The Ketani Association is an Austrian association for Romani and Sinti. It was founded in 1998 by Gitta Martl and her brother Albert Kugler in Linz, Austria.
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Approximate location of the Sinti The Sintians (; ), "the Raiders, the Plunderers", from Ancient Greek sinteis, "destructive"Also Sinthi, Sintii, Synthi: Strabo gives variants of their name, x.20.17, xii.3.20.) were known to the Greeks as pirates and raiders;"Warlike" to Anacreon (fr. eleg. West 3), who had spent some time in Thrace, often referenced in his poetry (Onofrio Vox, "I Sinti in Anacreonte", Hermes 122.1 (1994:116–118).
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Hugo Höllenreiner (2009) Hugo Adolf Höllenreiner (15 September 1933 in Munich, Germany – 10 June 2015 in Ingolstadt) was a Sinti survivor of the Porajmos during the Nazi dictatorship.
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While Bohemian Romani would have been intelligible to speakers of other North Central dialects, there is evidence that there was no inherent intelligibility between Bohemian Romani and Sinti.
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There are a number of Sinti notable for their contributions in music. Django Reinhardt was a guitarist who fused traditional dance hall musettes with American jazz in 1930s and 1940s. Along with Stéphane Grappelli and other members of the Quintette du Hot Club de France, he founded the style of music known as Gypsy jazz. Other notable Sinti musicians include Schnuckenack Reinhardt, Drafi Deutscher, and the jazz guitarists Jimmy Rosenberg and Paulus Schäfer.
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The first, entitled "The Holocaust against the Sinti and Roma and Present Day Racism in Europe," focused on the experience of the Roma and Sinti during the Holocaust. The second exhibit featured artwork, created by Holocaust survivors, exploring the meaning and experience of the Holocaust.Sources: United Nations Press Releases for 2007 Holocaust Remembrance Week On 31 January, a special screening of Volevo solo Vivere (I Only Wanted to Live), directed by Mimmo Calopresti took place.
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Giornale di Sicilia, a daily paper of Palermo, ran an article about interviewing Dizzy Gillespie in Bergamo noting his religion as Baháʼí in. A Sinti gypsy, Vittorio Mayer Custodino, (known as "Spatzo" or "Sparrow") came in contact with the religion while in prison in Sicily. Through him a number of Sicilian Sinti joined the religion by March 1978. In 1989 the first member of the Arbëreshë, Pietro Pandolfini, from Gela, joined the religion.
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Romani Rose Romani Rose (born 1946 at Heidelberg, Germany) is a Romany activist and head of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma. He lost 13 relatives in the Holocaust.
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Reggio, Piergiorgio, Ennio Ripamonti and Tommaso Vitale, ed(s). 2010. "La scelta dell’educare per convivere tra sinti e gagé." Animazione Sociale: mensile per gli operatori sociali 40 (241). Vitale, Tommaso. 2009.
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Marianne Rosenberg is a successful Sinti/Roma-German singer. She is the daughter of Auschwitz survivor Otto Rosenberg, who in 1936, at nine years of age was placed in a concentration camp where his father, his grandmother, and all his siblings were murdered. She sings mainly in German but has sung in English, French, Italian, and the Sinti language. She finished tenth in the German preselection for the 1975 Eurovision song contest with "Er gehört zu mir".
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"Hero Twins" emerging from a crack in the back of a raccoon-faced Horned Serpent called a Sinti Shaui by the Choctaw.The horned serpent with the raccoon face is apparently the same as the Choctaw sinti shaui, a symbol of the earth. Townsend suggests that the two beings emerging from it are the hero Twins (in Winnebago, these would be the nephews of Bluehorn). The original was engraved on a marine whelk shell photographed as fig.
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A trade paperback novel detailing Magneto's childhood, X-Men: Magneto Testament was written by Greg Pak and released in September 2008. Pak based Magneto Testament on accounts from Holocaust survivors. Before the publication of X-Men: Magneto Testament, Magneto's personal background and history were invented in Uncanny X-Men #150 (Aug. 1981). He was portrayed as a Jewish Holocaust survivor; while searching for his wife Magda, a Sinti, Magneto maintained a cover identity as a Sinti.
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Weisz speaks regularly about his experience during the Holocaust. He is a member of the Dutch Auschwitz Committee and the International Auschwitz Committee. He was the keynote speaker at a 2007 United Nations exhibition, "The Holocaust Against the Roma and Sinti and present-day racism in Europe". On 27 January 2011, he was the first Roma or Sinti to address the German Bundestag at the official Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony, speaking about the liberation of Auschwitz.
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Northern Romani is group of dialects of the Romani language spoken in various Northern European, Central European and Eastern European countries. The first grammatical outline of Romani was done on Sinti variety.
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A digital graphic based on a ceremonial stone palette found at the Moundville Archaeological Site in Moundville, Alabama The Choctaw venerated Sinti lapitta, a horned serpent that visited unusually wise young men.
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A significant part of its public relations work is devoted to human rights, and making certain that no group or minority is overlooked as the Roma and Sinti were for four decades after the second World War. Centre seeks to lend its voice to all those who have suffered discrimination and racist violence. In view of the persecution of the Roma and Sinti under National Socialism, the Centre feels an obligation to provide a forum for critical debate on pressing socio-political issues.Documentation and Cultural Centre Homepage, see "Veranstaltungen" One of the centre's tasks is to document the 600-year history of the Sinti and Roma in Germany, but its main focus remains the acts of genocide perpetrated by the National Socialists: acts that were repressed from public consciousness for several decades.
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Nine countries (26.5 per cent) said that some information about the Roma and Sinti genocide is provided or available to be taught by teachers as early as primary education. The majority of respondents, a total of 19 (56 per cent) indicated that it is taught at the secondary level. This does not necessarily mean that a lesson is dedicated to the Roma and Sinti, but that information about the persecution and genocide by the Nazis is or may be included within the core curricula. For example, four participating States noted that while the Roma and Sinti genocide is not explicitly mentioned in text books, teachers might opt to include such information while teaching about the Second World War, the Holocaust or totalitarianism, though it may not be strictly required.
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Höllenreiner's parents chose the middle name of their son in order to protect him from the growing threat of the Nazis. Still he was deported to the concentration camp Auschwitz on 16 March 1943,Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum with the Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma Heidelberg: Gedenkbuch: Die Sinti und Roma im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz Birkenau. Saur, München/London/New York/Paris 1993, . (Trilingual: Polish, English, German) S. 104 where Josef Mengele tortured him and his brother with cruel pseudomedical experiments.
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Additionally, the high mansard roof and continuous dust-pan dormers gives the middle section of this former warehouse the centre an air of importance. Lastly, the northern section was originally built around 1900, and was once the "Zum Faulen Pelz" theater and restaurant. It was converted into the administration office of both the Documentation and Cultural Centre and the Zentralrat Deutscher Sinti und Roma. Among these is the office of Romani Rose, chairman of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma and director of the centre.
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The institution is overseen by Central Council of German Sinti and Roma, supported by the city of Heidelberg, and is the beneficiary of special funds from the German Federal Government and the land of Baden-Württemberg.
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Schäfer was born in Gerwen, Nuenen into a Dutch Sinti community renowned for their talented guitar players like Stochelo Rosenberg, Jimmy Rosenberg, Mozes Rosenberg, and Feigeli Prisor. This tradition of gypsy jazz was started by the Wasso Grünholz, who was an inspiration and the primary teacher for the Sinti guitar players.Dregni, Michael (2008) Gypsy Jazz In Search of Django Reinhardt and the Soul of Gypsy Swing pp. 228. He was taught how to play and inspired by Wasso Grünholz and by Stochelo Rosenberg during the many jams around the campsite.
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While some of the surviving Sinti claimed that they were mistreated, others dissented. Riefenstahl claimed that she treated these extras well, and that she was not aware that they were going to be sent to Auschwitz. At one point she even insisted that, after the war, she had seen "all the gypsies" who had worked on the film. In 1982, Nina Gladitz produced a documentary Zeit des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit (Time of Darkness and Silence) and examined the use of these Sinti in the making of Tiefland.
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From a colleague, she received the information that more twins and family members with Heterochromic irises would be found in the Sinti family in Mechau from northern Germany. Members of the family were taken in the spring of 1943 to the KWI-A, where they were photographed. In March 1943, the Sinti family in the Auschwitz concentration camp was deported, where Mengele had worked since late May 1943 as camp physician. This circumstance allowed Mengele to carry out the experiments (that Magnussen had done on rabbits) on the people.
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Młodziejowski Palace in Warsaw, the seat of ODIHR The Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues is the main structure within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) assisting governments in implementing their commitments relating to the rights of Roma and Sinti populations. The Contact Point is located within the Warsaw-based OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). The Contact Point was created by the participating States of the OSCE at the 1994 Budapest Summit. Its mandate was strengthened at the 1998 Ministerial Council in Oslo.
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Stochelo Rosenberg performing with the Rosenberg Trio in the Netherlands in 2002 Dutch Sinti guitar players of gypsy jazz employ a style of singing and tone, vibrato, and melodic improvisation, known as the Dutch school of Gypsy Jazz.
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Speaking Romani, she earned the trust of Roma and Sinti people. Her doctoral dissertation was titled "Lebensschicksale artfremd erzogener Zigeunerkinder und ihrer Nachkommen" ("Biographical destinies of Gypsy children and their offspring who were educated in a manner inappropriate for their species").
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80% of the Sinti speak the Sinte Romani dialect of the Romani language. Since 1960, there are also a significant Roma population which hails originally from former yugoslavian countries, especially from Serbia (Gurbeti and Kalderash Roma-Groups) and Ashkali from Kosovo.
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After 28 years at newspaper La Stampa, he began working with Corriere della Sera in 2017. On several occasions he was accused (notably by the Sinti) of being racist and using populist arguments in his columns Il Buongiorno and Il Caffé.
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No Roma! Venice Film Festival These extras are seen, for instance, in the dancing sequence in the tavern, and Sinti children run alongside Pedro when he comes down from the mountain to marry Martha. In three denazification trials after the war, Riefenstahl was accused of Nazi collaboration and eventually termed a "fellow traveler"; however, none of the Sinti was asked to testify. The issue surfaced after the German magazine Revue published the use of these extras in 1949 and indicated that they were forced labor and sent later to Auschwitz where many of them perished in the Holocaust.
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They have written a book about this experience. In 2011, Lidia Ostałowska, a Polish writer and journalist, wrote a reportage about life of Dina Babbitt (Watercolors: A Story from Auschwitz) including the story of paintings, description of the Romani people and Sinti extermination, discussion of rights of the Romani people and Sinti to these paintings, and also the influence of the above mentioned action of American artists on the aggressive letters and emails addressed to the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ca 1,500 aggressive letters a year). The reportage has been translated into English in 2016 and published in the New Delhi, India.
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On 10 December 1942, Himmler issued an order to send all Sinti and Roma (Gypsies) to concentration camps, including Auschwitz. A separate camp for Roma was set up at Auschwitz II-Birkenau known as the Zigeunerfamilienlager (Gypsy Family Camp). The first transport of German Gypsies arrived on 26 February 1943, and was housed in Section B-IIe of Auschwitz II. Approximately 23,000 Gypsies had been brought to Auschwitz by 1944, 20,000 of whom died there. One transport of 1,700 Polish Sinti and Roma were killed in the gas chambers upon arrival, as they were suspected to be ill with spotted fever.
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Romani Gypsies have been living in Italy since the 15th century. The Sinti, who regard themselves as a subgroup distinct from the Roma, arrived from the north. Other Romani groups migrated from the Balkans and settled in the south and center of Italy.
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In 1992, she became the Austrian spokeswoman for the recognition of the Roma and Sinti genocide, along being a voice in the struggle against discrimination that the Roma continue to suffer throughout Europe. She died in Vienna in 2013 at the age of 79.
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In May 1995, in cooperation with the member organisations of the Central Council, Rose achieved recognition for German Sinti and Roma as a national minority in Germany with their own minority language, connected with their goal of equal participation in social and political life.
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Most issues of Literatur und Kritik comprise a dossier about special topics of about the literature of a chosen country. Among others, dossiers about Moldavia, Sorbian Literature, Portugal, Ukraine, Guatemala, South Tyrol, Occitanian Literature, Sinti and Roma, Bulgaria, and Yiddish Literature have been published.
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The origin of the name Sinti is disputed. Some, including many Sinti themselves, believe it derives from Sindhi, the name of a people of Sindh (a region in Pakistan), based on indications that Romani peoples originated in the Indian subcontinent.Yaron Matras, "The Role of Language in Mystifying and Demystifying Gypsy Identity" in: Nicholas Saul, Susan Tebbutt, The Role of the Romanies: Images and Counter-images of "Gypsies"/Romanies in European Cultures, Liverpool University Press (2004), , p. 70. In addition to the documented linguistic connections between Romani language and Sanskrit, a recent study by Estonian and Indian researchers found genetic similarities between European Romani men and Indian men in their sample.
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Spoken by the Indigenous Norwegian Travellers, a traditionally Itinerant population who almost exclusively inhabit Southwestern and Southern Norway which have admixture from Romanisæl, also known as Tater (Norwegian & Swedish Romani) and Yeniche (German Traveller) populations. The Norwegian Traveller language, also known as Rodi, is based on Norwegian, but has heavy lexicon borrowing from Romani and German Rotwelsch. Rotwelsch lexicon has entered through the Yeniche, and Romani lexicon has entered both from the Scandoromani spoken by the Romanisæl (Tater) Travellers of Norway and the Sinti-Romani dialect, as German Rotwelsch has Sinti influences. Despite the lexicon of Romani and German Rotwelsch origin, the syntax, grammar and morphology of Rodi is entirely Nordic.
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The task of the Rassenhygienische und Bevolkerungsbiologische Forschungsstelle (), a division of the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police), was to identify and categorize all Roma and Sinti people in Germany according to racial standards. Ritter, heading this organization, had a team of other racial scientists including Eva Justin, Adolf Wurth, Sophie Ehrhardt, and Ruth Kellermann. Ritter (right) taking blood from a woman, 1936 By 1937, the Research Unit was working with the Central Office of Reich Security, and the Reich Ministry of Interior, to travel across Germany in units to register "full-blooded" and "mixed-race" Roma or Sinti. The units referenced church records to track individuals' genealogies.
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He participated in the gassing of thousands of Sinti and Roma people, and Jews from Theresienstadt.IDC, Dachauer Hefte. p. 163. He was known for submitting prisoners to punishment in the form of physical exercises, known as "sport" in the camp.Buszko, Auschwitz, camp hitlérien d'extermination. p. 108.
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Pentalia () is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located 6 km north of Amargeti. Near Pentalia is Panagia tou Sinti Monastery (Greek: Παναγία του Σίντη), dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Monastery was founded in the 16th century. Iit received a Europa Nostra award in 1997.
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The Contact Point is currently headed by Dan Pavel Doghi of Romania. One of the Contact Point's main tasks is to assist the participating States of the OSCE to implement the OSCE Action Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti adopted with consensus in 2003.
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Large villages in Udaynarayanpur CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Dihi Bhurshut (4,602), Rampur (4,765), Goja (4,203), Kurchi Binodbati (6,522), Sibpur (4,965), Pancharul (6,678), Uttar Harishpur (4,152), Uttar Manasri (5,555), Sinti (6,324), Janglapara Belgram (4,975), Sonatala (5,093), Bidhichandrapur (5,290), Peruhareshpur (5,892), Narikelberia (4,231) and Par Radhanagar (4,343).
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Among the most prominent museums of Heidelberg are for instance the Carl Bosch Museum which shows life and work of chemist and Nobel Prize-winner Carl Bosch. Then there is the Documentation and Culture Centre of German Sinti and Roma (Dokumentations- und Kulturzentrum Deutscher Sini und Roma) describing the Nazi genocide of the Sinti and Roma peoples. The German Packing Museum (Deutsches Verpackungsmuseum) gives an overview of the history of packing and wrapping goods, whereas the German Pharmacy Museum (Deutsches Apothekenmuseum) which is located in the castle illustrates the history of Pharmacy in Germany. The Kurpfälzisches Museum (Palatinate Museum) offers a great art collection and some Roman archeological artifacts from the region.
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Josef Ochs (March 31, 1905 in Schmitten – November 12, 1987) was a German Police officer and SS-Obersturmführer. He was involved in the deportation of Sinti and Roma people. He was present in the Berlin Führerbunker during the last days of Hitler. Ochs left the bunker complex on May 1, 1945.
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Panagia tou Sinti Monastery (Greek: Παναγία του Σίντη) is an orthodox monastery near the village of Pentalia in the Paphos district of Cyprus. It is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was founded in the 16th century. In 1997 it received a Europa Nostra award for its restoration and conservation.
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The Jews of Burgenland (along with the Roma and Sinti) were persecuted and wiped out by the Nazis between 1938 and 1945. A Jewish cemetery in the village memorializes the presence of a Jewish community here prior to the Holocaust. Frauenkirchen has been a municipality since 1982 (through VO 5).
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The Auschwitz registry (Hauptbücher) shows that 20,946 Roma were registered prisoners, and another 3,000 are thought to have entered unregistered. On 22 March 1943, one transport of 1,700 Polish Sinti and Roma was gassed on arrival because of illness, as was a second group of 1,035 on 25 May 1943.
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The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum cites scholars who estimate the number of Sinti and Roma killed as between 220,000 and 500,000. Sybil Milton, a historian at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Research Institute, estimated the number of lives lost as "something between a half-million and a million-and-a-half".
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Eva Justin checking the facial characteristics of a Romani woman as part of her "racial studies" Eva Justin (23 August 1909 - 11 September 1966) was a German anthropologist who was active during the Nazi era. She specialised in scientific racism. Her work contributed to the Nazi crimes against the Sinti and Roma peoples.
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Sascha Hönighaus: Karin Magnussen, Berlin 2007, p. 197 The Hungarian prisoner pathologist Miklós Nyiszli noted after the autopsy of Sinti twins that they had been killed, not due to illness, but because of a chloroform injection to the heart. Nyiszli had to prepare their eyes and send them to the KWI-A.
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Inter- and Multidisciplinary Approaches between Society and Space, Springer. Pasta S., Vitale T., 2018, “'Mi guardano male, ma io non guardo’. Come i rom e i sinti in Italia reagiscono allo stigma’, in Alietti A. (a cura di), Società, razzismi e discriminazioni. Studi e ricerche sull'Italia contemporanea, Mimesis, Milano, pp. 217-241. .
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The Central Council was founded in 1982. It is the union of the umbrella organisations of the four national autochthonous minorities which belong to the German nation and have always been resident and here: The Domowina of the Sorbs, the Friesian Council, the South Schleswig Association of the Danish minority and the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma. Along with delegates of minorities from the United States, Mexico, Argentina, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, France and the Netherlands Rose is also a member of the management committee of the International Movement Against Discrimination and Racism (IMADR) founded in Tokyo in 1988. For two and a half decades – since June 1979 to be more exact – Romani Rose has led the work for the civil rights of German Sinti and Roma before the eyes of the German as well as the international public; he has also fought for their protection from racism and discrimination and for compensation for the survivors of the Holocaust, at the same time announcing the magnitude and the historical importance of the genocide of 500,000 Sinti and Roma in National Socialist occupied Europe.
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Robert Ritter (far right) in 1936, talking to a Romani woman Robert Ritter (14 May 1901 – 15 April 1951) was a German "racial scientist" doctor of psychology and medicine, with a background in child psychiatry and the biology of criminality. In 1936, Ritter was appointed head of the Racial Hygiene and Demographic Biology Research Unit of Nazi Germany's Criminal Police, to establish the genealogical histories of the German "Gypsies", both Roma and Sinti, and became the "architect of the experiments Roma and Sinti were subjected to."The Guardian, 27 October 2019 nazi directives accounts and directives go on display His pseudo-scientific "research" in classifying these populations of Germany aided the Nazi government in their systematic persecution toward a goal of "racial purity".
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Camp Westerbork filmed by Rudolf Breslauer Anna Maria (Settela) Steinbach (23 December 1934, Buchten - 31 July 1944) was a Dutch girl who was gassed in Nazi Germany's Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. Initially identified as a Dutch Jew, her personal identity and association with the Sinti group of the Romani people were discovered in 1994.
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Her biography Kokolores is a bestseller in Europe. Sinti are also notable for sporting achievements. Johann Trollmann won the 1933 light-heavyweight boxing championship of Germany but was stripped of the title by the Nazis, who could not tolerate a "non-Aryan" champion. Trollman was murdered in a concentration camp in 1943 by another inmate.
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In addition, there were also several non-Romani peripatetic groups in Bohemia, who spoke Czech or German or argots based on these languages. The self-ethnonym of Bohemian Romanies was simply Rom (plural Roma). They were called "Hungarians" by the Sinti; this probably reflects their origin in Slovakia, which was then part of Hungary.
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Most indigenous Romani people in Austria belong to the Burgenland-Roma Group, in East-Austria. The Majority live in the State of Burgenland, in the City of Oberwart and in villages next to the District of Oberwart. The Burgenland-Roma speak the Vlax Romani language. In Upper Austria there are also some Sinti families.
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Josef Mengele in 1956. Photo taken by a police photographer in Buenos Aires for Mengele's Argentine identification document. According to a statement by Magnussen, Mengele dealt, among other things, with the eyes of these Sinti family using hormonal substances. Often, these painful interventions resulted in suppuration of the eyes and blindness of the victims.
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Andrea Böhm: "...enorm viel Verständnis auch für die Deutschen". taz Berlin, May 10, 1990 After witnessing street violence and attacks on Sinti, Romani people, Africans and Vietnamese, she engaged constantly against daily racism. She pressured the city leadership to transform former military barracks into housing for eastern European migrants and refugees.Heribert Prantl: Anetta Kahane.
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Agenda politica per ripartire dalle periferie dimenticate. www.21luglio.org Bonetti, Paolo, Alessandro Simoni and Tommaso Vitale. 2011. La condizione giuridica di Rom e Sinti in Italia. Giuffrè. Bravi, Luca and Tommaso Vitale. 2017. «In-dipendenza». Percorsi di controllo e di emancipazione delle minoranze culturali nella storia sociale dell’educazione europea. Rivista di Storia dell‘Educazione, v.
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Speakers of the Romani language usually refer to the language as ' "the Romani language" or ' "in a Rom way". This derives from the Romani word ', meaning either "a member of the (Romani) group" or "husband". This is also where the term "Roma" derives in English, although some Roma groups refer to themselves using other demonyms (e.g. 'Kaale', 'Sinti', etc.).
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Ayọ was born near Cologne, Germany as the fourth child of a Nigerian father and a German-Sinti mother. She lived for a short time in Nigeria as a baby. She has one sister and two brothers. When she was about six years old her mother became addicted to heroin and spent some time in jail.
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He took the blows of his opponent as he was asked for five rounds before he collapsed. The persecution of Sinti and Roma in Germany dramatically increased in the following years. Sterilization often preceded their internment in concentration camps, and Trollmann too underwent this operation. In 1939 he was drafted into the Wehrmacht, and fought on the eastern front.
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Nebe wanted to include sending Berlin's "Gypsies" to the planned reservations for the Jews and others in the east. In October 1939, Nebe ordered Adolf Eichmann to put Sinti and Roma with Jews on the transports to occupied Poland under the "Nisko Plan". In November, Nebe led the onsite investigation into Georg Elser's failed assassination attempt on Hitler.
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Memorial stone on the nearby cemetery, commemorating the camp. Berlin-Marzahn Rastplatz was a camp set up for Romani people in the Berlin suburb of Marzahn by Nazi authorities. The Nazis used the Nuremberg Laws related to social misfits, vagabonds, and criminals as a means to intimidate and arrest Romani and Sinti Gypsies in Germany. At 4 a.m.
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The symbol originates from Nazi Germany, where every prisoner had to wear a concentration camp badge on their prison clothes, of which the design and color categorized them according to the reason for their internment. The homeless were included, as were alcoholics, those who habitually avoided labor and employment, draft dodgers, pacifists, Roma and Sinti people, and others.
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45-48, 226. There is no scholarly consensus on whether Ursari belong to the Sinti subgroup of the Roma people or to the other half of the Roma population.Lucassen, p.84, 86, 90 A Romanian poll conducted in 2004 among 347 Roma found that 150 referred to themselves as "Ursari" (or 43.2%, and the largest single group).
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Of these, a smaller fraction, perhaps some 2,000 people, lived in Bohemia. The proportion of different Romani groups in this figure is unknown, though the estimate of 500-1,500 of Bohemian Romanies cannot be wildly off the mark. Other Romani groups in Bohemia, who spoke different dialects of Romani than the Bohemian Romani, included the Sinti and a few families of the Kalderar (or Kalderaš) Roma. The Sinti appear to have been the first Romani group to be established in the region, some of them arriving from southeastern Europe as early as in the 15th century; they mostly inhabited the German-speaking parts of Bohemia. The Kalderar, on the other hand, were relatively late newcomers, having had migrated from Wallachia in the second half of the 19th century.
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Thomas Hammarberg is dedicated to strengthening Sinto and Roma rights in Europe, which he believes are “shamefully flawed”. In a number of speeches and statements, Hammarberg actively seeks to improve living conditions for the largest minority in Europe and criticises the alarming levels of racism directed at these people. Hammarberg paints a clear picture of the situation; for example, in his latest report on Italy he heavily criticises the Italian authorities over their treatment of Sinti and Roma people. In 2010, Hammarberg published a comprehensive position paper on the human rights situation of Sinti and Roma, in which he stressed the need for a unified and comprehensive programme aimed at improving the situation, warning that “today's rhetoric against the Roma is alarmingly similar to that used by the Nazis before the mass killings started”.
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Such extramarital intercourse was marked as Rassenschande ("race defilement") and could be punished by imprisonment – later usually followed by the deportation to a concentration camp, often entailing the inmate's death. Germans of African and other non-European descent were classified following their own origin or the origin of their parents. Sinti and Roma ("Gypsies") were mostly categorised following police records, e.g.
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Later, from late 1939 to July 1941 he worked as an officer responsible for admissions to the Nazi concentration camps; including the Maideportation camp in Cologne. He was involved in the deportation of Sinti and Roma people. He was present in the Berlin Führerbunker during the last days of Hitler in April, 1945. Ochs left the bunker complex on May 1, 1945.
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The prize supports political and social efforts for the lasting protection of people affected by discrimination, in order to enable them to live an independent life. The prize honours individuals, groups or institutions primarily from the majority, who face up to the historical responsibility and have been exemplary in calling for an improvement in the human rights situation of the Sinti and Roma.
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Sinte Romani is spoken by many among the 10,000 Romani or Sinti living in Belgium. It has significant German influence and is not mutually intelligible with other Romani languages. The language belongs to the Northwestern Romani dialect group. The language and people are often called "Gypsies" by outsiders, a term considered to be pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity.
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Sinti Romanies in the Rhineland, 1935. The best known itinerant community are the Romani people (also Romany, Romanies Tzigani, Rromani, and variants). The Romani have Indo-Aryan roots and heritage and first entered Europe via the Middle East around a thousand years ago. They spread further through Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries, separating into various subgroups in the process.
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Inmates came from almost all countries of Europe, many of them had been arrested for political reasons. After May 1944, Jews were also brought to Mittelbau. With the dissolution of the so- called Zigeuner-Familienlager (gypsy family camp) at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the SS transported many Roma and Sinti to Mittelbau between April and August 1944. The prisoners were subject to extreme cruelty.
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That final phase proved disastrous for the Jews, Slavs, Roma-Sinti and countless others, atop the reality that it also brought untold suffering to Hitler's beloved German Volksgenossen as the British and American bomber forces unleashed their wrath turning the Reich to rubble. Meanwhile, the Red Army laid waste to the German army and once-occupied German land as they counter-attacked.
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Initial restoration of the basilica was undertaken by the Prussian state in the 19th century and is further maintained until the present day. Friedrichslohra was a settlement initiated under the reign of Frederick II of Prussia. In the 18th and 19th century, several projects for the forced sedentarization of local Sinti were undertaken, including a short-lived forced labour and education house.
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Non-gypsies were sent back.Arbeitslisten der "Forschungsstelle Ritter" (Bundesarchiv Bestand R 165/38), Deportationslisten und Schriftwechsel der Polizei in Mainz. At least until the beginning of 1943, the prison was used as a way station for Sinti who were being sent to concentration camps. Later deportations led to the Gypsy Family Camp, the concentration camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau, where prisoners were murdered.
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Moser investigated the persecution of Jews while Steinmetz concentrated on government treatment of the Sinti and Romani people. Spiegel worked on what had happened to women and girls engaged in antifascist resistance and Rosenkranz studied Austria's experience of the November 1938 pogrom ("Kristallnacht").Renée Winter: Geschichtspolitiken und Fernsehen: Repräsentationen des Nationalsozialismus im frühen österreichischen TV (1955-1970). transcript Verlag 2014, p.
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In 2002, Snétberger became honorary citizen of his native town Salgótarjá. Two years later he received the Hungarian Order of Merit. In 2005 he was in Budapest as Franz Liszt award was handed out, and in 2014 he was awarded the Kossuth Prize. He founded the Snétberger Music Talent Center, an international music school for disadvantaged children and young people, mainly minority of Sinti and Romani origin.
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The decision is made by an international jury consisting of eight members. Permanent members of the jury are the head of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma and the head of the Manfred-Lautenschläger-Foundation. They also decide about the other four jury-members, who are appointed for four years. Every jury-member is able to nominate laureates, the election results from majority decision.
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Romani people in Germany are estimated to around 170,000-300,000, constituting around 0.02-0.04% of the population. One-third of Germany Romani belong to the Sinti group. The majority of Romani in Germany lack German citizenship, having immigrated mostly from Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania, Albania, and Kosovo, and the other countries of former Yugoslavia, and few from Turkey. Most speak German or Sinte Romani.
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Malden, Massachusetts, USA; Oxford, England, UK; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Pp. 14. The German Nuremberg Laws of 1935 stripped Jews of citizenship, confiscated property and criminalized sexual relationship and marriage with Aryans. These laws were extended to Romani as Nazi policy towards Roma and Sinti was complicated by pseudo-historic racialist theories, which could be contradictory, namely that the Romani were of Egyptian ancestry.
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The Sinto Häns'che Weiss produced a record in Germany in the 1970s in which he sang about the Poraimos (Romani Holocaust) in his own language. Many younger Germans first learned about this part of Holocaust history as a result of this recording. Titi Winterstein and several members of Reinhardt's clan still play traditional and modern Gypsy jazz. The jazz keyboardist Joe Zawinul was also of Sinti descent.
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The residential area was built 1932-39 as a settlement of small two-storey red brick houses with no basement, each with a small front yard. They were built within a concept similar to council houses as emergency shelters, especially for families of Yenish tradesmen, showmen, scrap merchants, second-hand dealers and descendants of regional Sinti families.Download Schulprogramm.pdf; T. Naumann: Die Gummiinsel in Gießen an der Lahn .
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Many of the mass graves were created during the war, but the larger sites date from after the war. The wartime graves vary from those of soldiers killed in battle to groups that were targeted by the Partisans due to their ethnicity (e.g., Romani)"Genocid nad Cigani na Blokah in v Iški", Zaveza 43 (February 25, 2010) Diricchardi-Muzga, Rinaldo. Kraintike Sinti estraiharia (2010).
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Because of this, in April 2016, the "Court of Milan" upheld an appeal filed by the "A.S.G.I." (Association of legal studies on immigration) and "N.A.G.A." (Voluntary association of social- health assistance and for the rights of foreign citizens, Romani and Sinti) associations and sentenced Buonanno to the payment of €6000 in favor of each of the recurring associations as compensation for non-pecuniary damage.
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Like the Jews, the Romani people were subjected to persecution from the early days of the regime. The Romani were forbidden to marry people of German extraction. They were shipped to concentration camps starting in 1935 and many were killed. Following the invasion of Poland, 2,500 Roma and Sinti people were deported from Germany to the General Government, where they were imprisoned in labour camps.
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Balkan Romani () is one of several related languages of the Romani people, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Many varieties of Romani are divergent and sometimes considered languages of their own. The largest of these are Vlax Romani (about 900,000 speakers), Balkan Romani (700,000), Carpathian Romani (500,000) and Sinti Romani (300,000). In North Macedonia Balkan Romani is spoken.
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Sanskrit काल kāla "black", "of a dark colour"). Hence and may have originated as ancient exonyms. For instance, the name of the Domba people, from whom the Romani, Sinti and Kale people are now believed to have emerged, N. Rai et al., 2012, "The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations" (23 September 2016).
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Ehmann, Annegret. "A short history of the discrimination and persecution of the European Roma and their fate under Nazi rule." According to Center for Transatlantic Relations fellow Elizabeth Pond, the protest resulted in the West German government being "shamed into admitting that there had been postwar injustices against Sinti and that the 'necessary dismantling of prejudice and discrimination' has yet to be achieved."Pond, Elizabeth.
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As some of Ritter's assistants spoke Romani, they would interrogate Roma individuals who could not provide paper proof of their racial identity. Anyone who balked was threatened with incarceration. Along with tracking genealogies, the units photographed their subjects, took blood samples, and made anthropometric measurements. Ritter wanted the data to prove that the Roma and Sinti populations were genetically pre-disposed to crime as a "lesser race".
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In 1982, West Germany formally recognized that genocide had been committed against the Romani. Before this they had often claimed that, unlike Jews, Roma and Sinti were not targeted for racial reasons, but for "criminal" reasons, invoking antiziganist stereotype. In modern Holocaust scholarship the Porajmos has been increasingly recognized as a genocide committed simultaneously with the Shoah. Full text in Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, University of Minnesota.
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Thereafter, the NDH deported them to Auschwitz. In general, Jews were initially sent to Jasenovac from all parts of Croatia after being gathered in Zagreb, and from Bosnia and Herzegovina after being gathered in Sarajevo. Some, however, were transported directly to Jasenovac from other cities and smaller towns. Roma in Jasenovac consisted of both Roma and Sinti, who were captured in various areas in Bosnia, especially in the Kozara region.
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The Burushos of Hunza have a paternal lineage genetic marker that is grouped with Pamiri speakers from Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and the Sinti or Sindhi Romani ethnic group. This find of shared genetic haplogroups may indicate an origin of the Romani people in or around these regions.The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
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In 1959, every nation who had victims in Auschwitz received the right to present its own exhibition. However, victims like homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Sinti and Roma, and Yeniche people did not receive these rights. The state of Israel was also refused the allowance for its own exhibition as the murdered Jews in Auschwitz were not citizens of Israel. In April 1968, the Jewish exhibition, designed by Andrzej Szczypiorski, was opened.
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Sinte Romani (also known as Sintengheri Tschib, Sintitikes, Manuš or Romanes "Romanes" entry in Collins English Dictionary.) is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, some parts of Northern Italy and other adjacent regions. Sinte Romani is characterized by significant German influence and is not mutually intelligible with other forms of Romani. The language is written in the Latin script.
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The Ketani Association design a radio broadcast monthly on Radio FRO in Linz. In these broadcasts interesting personalities are introduced, Romani and Sinti music is played and they talk about current happenings and projects of Ketani Association. In the last broadcast under the moderator Josef Gaffl, Gitta Martl and her daughter Nicole read from the book: “We should not have existed”. The book was published at “Geschichte der Heimat; Franz Steinmassl”.
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The survivors were likely exterminated at Bełżec, Sobibor, or Treblinka. A further 5,000 Sinti and Austrian Lalleri people were deported to the Łódź Ghetto in late 1941, where half were estimated to have died. The Romani survivors of the ghetto were subsequently moved to the Chełmno extermination camp in early 1942. The Nazis intended on deporting all Romani people from Germany, and confined them to Zigeunerlager (Gypsy camps) for this purpose.
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It assists governments in meeting their commitments as participating States of the OSCE in the areas of elections, human rights, democracy, rule of law, and tolerance and non-discrimination. The Office also hosts the organization's Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues. ODIHR is best known for its role in observing elections. It has observed more than elections across the OSCE region and has deployed some 75,000 observers.
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From the beginning the overriding aim of the civil rights movement of the German Sinti and Roma has been to create a Centre that would look back on and reappraise our history – in particular that of the genocide – and anchor it in the collective memory. We understood this task to be an indispensable contribution both to democratic self-understanding and to the political culture of the Federal Republic of Germany. It needed to be shown that prejudices and state discrimination which are founded directly on the racial prejudices and thought structures of the National Socialists continue to this day and maintain their hold on the image of our minority in the public. . . It is essential that the reality of the life of the Sinti and Roma is being separated from the anti-gypsy clichés which have for centuries taken root in the collective consciousness of the majority society and were exploited by the National Socialist propaganda.
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The Nazis originally sought to rid the German state of Jews and Romani by means of deportation (and later extermination), while blacks were to be segregated and eventually eliminated through compulsory sterilization."Hitler's Home Front: Wurttemberg Under the Nazis" Jill Stephenson page 113 " Other non-'Aryans' included Slavs, Blacks and Roma and Sinti (Romanies)" Volkisch theorists believed that Germany's Teutonic ancestors had spread out from Germany throughout Europe.George Victor. Hitler: The Pathology of Evil.
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Paul Würdig was born to a German father and a Sinti mother. Würdig stated in an interview with the radio station BigFM that he's one-eighth Iranian . At the age of eight years Sido and his younger sister were brought up by their mother in East Berlin in the Prenzlauer Berg neighbourhood. In 1988, the family moved to West Berlin, where they first lived in emergency accommodation in Wedding along with many asylum seekers.
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Since 1994 the Roma–Sinti (gypsies) have been an officially recognised ethnic minority in Austria. According to census information published by Statistik Austria for 2001 there were a total of 710,926 foreign nationals living in Austria. Of these, the largest by far are 283,334 foreign nationals from the former Yugoslavia (of whom 135,336 speak Serbian; 105,487 Croatian; 31,591 Bosnian – i.e. 272,414 Austrian resident native speakers in total, plus 6,902 Slovenian and 4,018 Macedonian speakers).
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Clearly, a development had started toward a Para-Romani variety, that is, a specialized non-native variety spoken by Roma, which has the grammar of a majority language (Czech in this case) as well as an access to Romani-derived lexicon (Elšík 2003: 44). The Nazi genocide of Roma and Sinti in the 1940s brought about radical death of all Romani dialects of pre-war Bohemia, including Bohemian Romani. Only ca. 600 (i.e.
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The original proposal for the tunnel was met with great opposition from environmentalists, who believed the vegetation would be damaged due to shifts in ground-water levels; in fact, the first plans for construction were denied by a court order. Two memorial monuments are located towards the eastern end of the park--the Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism, built 2008, and the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism, built 2012.
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Rosenberg started playing guitar when he was ten years old. A member of the Sinti gypsies, he heard music often at home and from relatives. With his cousins Nonnie Rosenberg and Nous'che Rosenberg he started the Rosenberg Trio in 1989, playing in the annual Django Reinhardt festival in Samois. In the 1990s they accompanied Stephane Grappelli on tour and recorded with him, including a concert at Carnegie Hall that celebrated his 85th birthday.
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In 1995, the Gypsy Kids consisted of Jimmy Rosenberg, Johnny Rosenberg, and Rinus Steinbach. They performed at the Django Reinhardt Festival in France and toured the U.S. To avoid a lawsuit by the Gipsy Kings, the Gypsy Kids changed their name to Sinti. Rosenberg pursued a solo career in 1997. In 2000 he made his debut at Carnegie Hall as part of the Django Reinhardt Festival at Birdland in New York City.
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In his speech Mr Weisz pleaded for better treatment of Roma in Europe and praised the "clear words" of European Commission Vice-President Viviane Reding in the defense of the rights of the Roma against the group expulsions from France in the summer of 2010. Queen Beatrix appointed Weisz to Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau for his commitment to the Sinti and Roma communities, and for his work in the Dutch floral industry.
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Sinti and Roma about to be deported from the German town of Asperg, 22 May 1940. Nazi Germany began persecution of the Romani as early as 1936 when they began to transfer the people to municipal internment camps on the outskirts of cities, a prelude to the deportation of 23,000 Gypsies to concentration camps. "Pure-blooded" Gypsies were considered by the Nazis to be Aryan. Roughly ten percent of Gypsies were considered to be racially pure.
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10% of) Czech Roma and Sinti survived the genocide (Nečas 1995), including perhaps a hundred of Bohemian Roma. Bohemian Romani ceased to be used by the survivors due to a complete social disintegration of their communities, and they ceased to transmit the language to their children. The last known speaker of Bohemian Romani died in the 1970s (Hana Šebková, p.c.). The historical group of Bohemian Romanies must be distinguished from those Romanies groups that live in Bohemia presently.
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From 1924 to 1933 Pankok regularly contributed portrait drawings to the Düsseldorf daily newspaper "Der Mittag". Particularly notable are the pictures of Roma and Sinti he had befriended in the late 1920s in Düsseldorf. They also modelled for him during 1931 to 1934 for a series of 60 pictures showing Christ's passion, a book version of which was printed but had to be immediately destroyed before it could be sold. The book was reissued after the war.
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In 1970, Rosenberg founded the Berlin-Brandenburg State Association of German Sinti and Roma, and he remained chairman until his death. Rosenberg frequently talked about his experiences in German schools. In 1998 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit First Class of the Federal Republic of Germany, 'for his special services to understanding between the minority and the majority'. A street and a square in the former grounds of Berlin-Marzahn were named after him in 2007.
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Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden commemorate the Roma and Sinti genocide on 27 January, the International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Czechia has four dates: 2 August, 7 March, 13 May and 21 August. Latvia has three dates: 27 January, 8 April and 8 May. In Serbia it is commemorated on 16 December, "in memory of that date in 1942, when Himmler ordered the systematic deportation of Roma to concentration camps and their extermination".
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Wawau Adler, Djangofestivalen 2019 Josef Wawau Adler (born 25 January 1967, in Karlsruhe) is a German gypsy jazz guitarist. Born into a family of Sinti gypsies, he is heavily influenced by Django Reinhardt, but also Wes Montgomery, Charlie Parker, Pat Martino and George Benson. He formed a trio with Holzmanno Winterstein and Axel Miller, and has also played with Andreas Öberg and Joel Locher, the bassist who he released Here’s to Django with in 2010, and many others.
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On 16 December 1942, Himmler ordered that the Romani candidates for extermination should be transferred from ghettos to the extermination facilities of Auschwitz-Birkenau. On 15 November 1943, Himmler ordered that Romani and "part-Romanies" were to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps". The camp authorities housed Roma in a special compound that was called the "Gypsy family camp." Some 23,000 Roma, Sinti, and Lalleri were deported to Auschwitz altogether.
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Some Romanies use Rom or Roma as an ethnic name, while others (such as the Sinti, or the Romanichal) do not use this term as a self-ascription for the entire ethnic group. Sometimes, rom and romani are spelled with a double r, i.e., rrom and rromani. In this case rr is used to represent the phoneme (also written as ř and rh), which in some Romani dialects has remained different from the one written with a single r.
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Despite the Denazification of Germany after World War II, Ritter was not required to take responsibility for his actions towards the Roma and Sinti population during Nazi rule. All investigations against Ritter were discontinued. Ritter was hired to teach criminal biology at the University of Tübingen from 1944 to 1946, and was later brought in by the Frankfurt Health Office as a pediatrician. He hired his former assistant, Eva Justin, to work with him as a psychologist.
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The decision came during a "nationwide clampdown" on Romanis by Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi. The previous week, Berlusconi's interior minister Roberto Maroni had declared that all Romanis in Italy, including children, would be fingerprinted. In 2011 the development of a National Inclusion Strategy for Rom, Sinti and Caminanti under the supervision of European Commission has defined the presence of Romani camps as an unacceptable condition. As already underlined by many international organizations, the prevalent positioning of the RSC communities in the c.
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At the port of Livorno, 700 kilos of cocaine were seized. On 11 May 2016, a criminal alliance between the sinti criminal organization Casamonica clan, members of the Camorra, and affiliates from the 'Ndrangheta's of Polistena, Taurianova and Melicucco was dismantled by the police. €25 million were seized. On 21 March 2018, 19 arrests were made in Rome of alleged members belonging to the Licciardi clan of the Camorra and members of the Filippone 'ndrina and Gallico 'ndrina accused of drug trafficking.
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Others have been placed for Sinti and Romani people (then also called "gypsies"), homosexuals, the physically or mentally disabled, Jehovah's Witnesses, black people, members of the Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, and the anti-Nazi Resistance, the Christian opposition (both Protestants and Catholics), and Freemasons, along with International Brigade soldiers in the Spanish Civil War, military deserters, conscientious objectors, escape helpers, capitulators, "habitual criminals", looters, and others charged with treason, military disobedience, or undermining the Nazi military, as well as Allied soldiers.
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In 2006 the association produced the movie Ketani heißt miteinander. Sintiwirklichkeiten statt Zigeunerklischees von Ludwig Laher. Besides many cultural project which take place annually, the members of the association give lectures about Sinti and Romani people in Austria and report from own experiences of being part of the minority. An important point is the organization and participation at commemoration events for victims of the National Socialist Regime, for example Maxglan, Mauthausen and Lackenbach. In 2005 the soccer team “Ketani Kickers” was founded.
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The distinctive sound of Romani music has also strongly influenced bolero, jazz, and flamenco (especially cante jondo) in Spain. European-style gypsy jazz ("jazz Manouche" or "Sinti jazz") is still widely practiced among the original creators (the Romanie People); one who acknowledged this artistic debt was guitarist Django Reinhardt. Contemporary artists in this tradition known internationally include Stochelo Rosenberg, Biréli Lagrène, Jimmy Rosenberg, Paulus Schäfer and Tchavolo Schmitt. The Romanies of Turkey have achieved musical acclaim from national and local audiences.
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Romeo Franz is a German musician, human rights activist and politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019. From 2003 until 2013, he was a board member of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma. In addition to his committee assignments, Franz is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT RightsMembers European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights. and the European Parliament Anti-Racism and Diversity Intergroup.
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During the Second World War, the German occupiers used the camp (which they named KZ Westerbork) as a Durchgangslager (transit camp). Many Dutch Jews, Sinti, Roma, resistance combatants and political adversaries were imprisoned before being transferred to concentration and extermination camps in Germany and occupied Poland. Anne Frank was deported on the last train leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944. In the 1970s, there were four hostage crises where South Moluccan terrorists demanded an independent Republic of South Maluku.
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Zoni Weisz in 1983 Zoni Weisz (born Johan Weisz, 4 March 1937) is a Sinto Holocaust survivor from the Netherlands working in the Dutch floral industry. Weisz was the oldest of four children of Jacoba and John Weisz from Zutphen, Netherlands. In May 1944, the family was ordered by the Nazis to be deported to the Westerbork transit camp with other Sinti and Roma during the Porajmos. Zoni made a brief escape with his aunt, but they were quickly found and arrested.
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A move to a newly built camp in the Niederhagen suburb of Wewelsburg followed. In September 1941, when the camp became an independent concentration camp under the name Niederhagen concentration camp, 480 prisoners were interned there. From 1941, more and more prisoners from outside Germany were imprisoned in the camp. The approximately 3,900 prisoners included Jehovah's Witnesses, political prisoners, Sinti and Romani people, Yeniche, homosexuals, Jews, prisoners of war and forced laborers from Poland, the Soviet Union (also prisoners of war), Czechoslovakia, France, the Netherlands and Belgium.
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Riefenstahl subsequently sued Gladitz for defamation and while it was shown that she visited camps and selected Sinti for extras, Gladitz' claim that Riefenstahl knew that they would be sent to Auschwitz had to be stricken from the documentary. Gladitz, however, refused to do so, and thus her film has not been shown since. The issue surfaced again in 2002, when Riefenstahl was one hundred years old. She was taken to court by a Roma group for denial of the extermination of the Romani.
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An execution chamber was installed, using what had previously been a garage, with a guillotine and a gallows. The total number of executions was 2,743 and took place between 1 August 1940 and 20 April 1945, most of them convicts sentenced to death by Sondergerichte courts of the notorious People's Court under President Roland Freisler. The youngest victim was a 15-year-old French boy. By the end of 1942, "preventive detention" prisoners, such as Jews, Roma, Sinti, Russians and Ukrainians were sent to concentration camps.
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The word Rieselfeld means leach field in German and refers to how the area started. To ensure wastewater disposal for the city, which had grown to a population number of over 50,000 inhabitants, Freiburg acquired an area spanning 500 hectares from the University of Freiburg in 1891. After Nazism had ended, Sinti, among them some who had survived the Holocaust, settled in the area of Haid, an district adjacent to today's Rieselfeld. The Opfinger Siedlung, home of alleged outlaws and criminals, was also very close by.
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Rose was born in Heidelberg in 1946. Until 1982 he lived there as an independent businessman. At the founding of the Central Council in 1982 he was voted to the position of Chairman by the delegates of the member organisations – then nine, now 16 state and regional associations – and since then has been confirmed in his post every four years at the member meetings. From 1991 Rose took over the management of the Documentation and Culture Centre of German Sinti and Roma in Heidelberg.
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No decision was made regarding the remainder (about 10 percent of the total Romani population of Europe), primarily Sinti and Lalleri tribes living in Germany. Several suggestions were made. Reichsführer- SS Heinrich Himmler suggested deporting the Romani to a remote reservation, as had been done by the United States for its Native Americans, where "pure Gypsies" could continue their nomadic lifestyle unhindered. According to him: Himmler took special interest into the "Aryan" origins of the Gypsies and distinguished between "settled" (assimilated) and "unsettled" Gypsies.
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Also the anti-Semitic agitation was softened. However, the Sinti and Roma in Berlin realised the first mass internments, in order to present Berlin zigeunerfrei for the 1936 Summer Olympics. But the less visible phenomena of the police state, like house searches, seizures of pamphlets and printed matters as well as the suppression of Confessing Church press continued. At Pentecost 1936 (31 May) the second preliminary church executive issued a memorandum to Hitler, also read from the pulpits, condemning anti-Semitism, concentration camps, the state terrorism.
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From January 19, 1941, after the rushed closing of the Labor Education Camp, the district authorities detained more than 350 Austrian Sinti and Romanies in Weyer. The camp St. Pantaleon was now called “Gypsy Detention Camp”, similar to the camp Lackenbach in Burgenland, that had been established at about the same time. The camp staff was replaced, one gendarmerie leader and ten police reservists formed the supervisory staff, and an officer of the criminal investigation department Linz was appointed camp commander. The SA-Sturmführer Gottfried Hamberger remained administrator.
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She wrote in the foreword to a research paper that she hoped to provide the basis for further racial hygiene laws to stop the flow of "unworthy primitive elements" into the German population. Her position was that Gypsies could not be assimilated because they usually became asocial as a result of their primitive thinking, and that attempts to educate them should be stopped. Justin proposed sterilization for Gypsies, except for those with pure Gypsy blood. She was present when the Sinti and Roma deportations to concentration camps were organized.
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The Nazis enacted miscegenation statutes which discriminated against Jews, Roma and Sinti ("Gypsies"), and blacks. The Nazis considered the Jews to be a race supposedly bound by close genetic (blood) ties to form a unit which one could neither join nor secede from, rather than a religious group of people. The influence of Jews had been declared to have detrimental impact on Germany, in order to justify the discrimination and persecutions of Jews. To be spared, one had to prove one's Aryan descent, normally by obtaining an Aryan certificate.
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The Sinti arrived in Germany and Austria in the Late Middle Ages as part of the Romani emigration from the Indian Subcontinent, eventually splitting into two groups: Eftavagarja ("the Seven Caravans") and Estraxarja ("from Austria"). They arrived in Germany before 1540.Nicholas Saul, Susan Tebbutt, p. 182 The two groups expanded, the Eftavagarja into France, Portugal and Brazil, where they are called "Manouches", and the Estraxarja into Italy and Central Europe, mainly what are now Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, eventually adopting various regional names.
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The Romani people, also referred to depending on the sub-group as Roma, Sinti or Sindhi, or Kale are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, who live primarily in Europe. They originated in northwest regions of the India and left sometime between the 6th and 11th century to work in Middle Eastern courts of their own volition, or as slaves. A small number of nomadic groups were cut off from their return to the subcontinent by conflicts and moved west, eventually settling in Europe, the Byzantine Empire and North Africa via Iran.
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Ornamental names used as surnames are more common in communities which adopted (or were forced to adopt) surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries. They occur commonly in Scandinavia, among Sinti and Roma and Jews in Germany and Austria. Examples include "Steinbach" ("derived from a place called Steinbach"), "Rosenberg" ("rose mountain"), and "Winterstein" (derived from a place called Winterstein). Forced adoption in 19th century is the source of German, Polish and even Italian ornamental surnames for Latvians such as "Rozentāls (Rosental)" ("rose valley"), "Eizenbaums (Eisenbaum") ("steel wood"), "Freibergs (Freiberg)" ("free mountain").
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Margalit started his academic career with a dissertation on German policies and attitudes since 1945 toward a small German minority, the Gypsies (Sinti and Roma)."Images of Gypsies, a German Case: Gilad Margalit", an article by Prof. Habiba Hadziavdic, 2006 Traditionally, the Gypsies had been rejected by German society; and they had been persecuted and murdered by the Nazis. The study, which later appeared as the book Germany and its Gypsies, demonstrates the extent to which prejudices against Gypsies continued to play a major role in forming the policies toward them after Auschwitz.
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On 22 September 2013, Castellucci was elected Member of the German Bundestag. Since then, he has been a member of Committee on Internal Affairs and member of Committee on the Affairs of the European Union, where he serves as his parliamentary group’s rapporteur on asylum and migration. He is also deputy chairman of the Parliamentary Advisory Council on Sustainable Development and chairman of the German-Italian Parliamentary Friendship Group. Since 2014, Castelucci has also been serving on the Advisory Committee on Sinti and Roma at the Federal Ministry of the Interior.
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Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, including children, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps in the early to mid 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust. Chief target populations included Romani, Sinti, ethnic Poles, Soviet POWs, disabled Germans, and Jews from across Europe. Nazi physicians and their assistants forced prisoners into participating; they did not willingly volunteer and no consent was given for the procedures. Typically, the experiments resulted in death, trauma, disfigurement or permanent disability, and as such are considered examples of medical torture.
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Dutch-born Weisz escaped death during a Nazi round-up when a policeman allowed him to escape. Nazi injustices against the Roma were recalled at the ceremony, including that directed at Sinto boxer Johann Trollmann. In July 2011 the Polish Parliament passed a resolution for the official recognition of 2 August as a day of commemoration of the genocide. On 5 May 2012 the world premiere of the Requiem for Auschwitz, by composer Roger Moreno Rathgeb, was performed at the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam by The Roma and Sinti Philharmoniker directed by Riccardo M Sahiti.
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On 24 October 2012 the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism was unveiled in Berlin. since 2010, ternYpe – International Roma Youth Network, organizes a commemoration week called "Dikh he na bister" (look and don't forget) about 2 August in Kraków and Auschwitz-Birkenau. In 2014 they organised the largest Youth Commemoration Ceremony in history, attracting more than 1000 young Roma and non-Roma from 25 countries. This initiative of ternYpe Network was held under the European Parliament's High Patronage granted by President Martin Schulz.
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Romani social behavior is strictly regulated by Indian social customs ("marime" or "marhime"), still respected by most Roma (and by most older generations of Sinti). This regulation affects many aspects of life and is applied to actions, people and things: parts of the human body are considered impure: the genital organs (because they produce emissions) and the rest of the lower body. Clothes for the lower body, as well as the clothes of menstruating women, are washed separately. Items used for eating are also washed in a different place.
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The academy was co-founded by Rajko Đurić, a Serbian Romani writer and academic who is also its first president, and received initial supporting funds from the German Heinrich Böll Foundation. 2012: On October 24, 2012, after many years of delays and disputes over cost and design, Angela Merkel unveils the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of National Socialism in Berlin. 2016: On February 12, 2016, Indian External Affairs Minister, Sushma Swaraj recognized all Roma people as Indian descendants. She called them flag bearers of Indian ethos and culture.
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The Casamonica clan originates from the Casamonica and Di Silvio families, families of sedentary Sintis originating from Abruzzo and Molise, who came from Pescara and Venafro to the capital in the seventies. The group is therefore made up of the members of these families, with occasional relations with other Sinti families such as the Barovero (Piedmont), the Cena (Turin), the De Rosa, the Di Guglielmo, the Di Rocco, the Ciarelli, the Di Lauro, the Zini, the Spada and the Spinelli; they also rely on the Seferovic of Bosnian origin.
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The extras playing Spanish women and farmers were drawn from Romani detained in a camp at Salzburg-Maxglan who were forced to work with her. Filming at the Babelsberg Studios near Berlin began 18 months later in April 1942. This time Sinti and Roma people from the Marzahn detention camp near Berlin were compelled to work as extras. Almost to the end of her life, despite overwhelming evidence that the concentration camp occupants had been forced to work on the movie unpaid, Riefenstahl continued to maintain all the film extras survived and that she had met several of them after the war.
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The Kripo was organized in a hierarchical system, with central offices in all towns and smaller cities. These, in turn, answered to headquarters offices in the larger German cities which answered to Amt V in Berlin. Kripo researchers measure a Sinti boy's head in anthropological studies of criminals, Stuttgart in 1938 The Kriminalpolizei was mainly concerned with serious crimes such as rape, murder and arson. A main area of the group's focus was also on "blackout burglary," considered a serious problem during bombing raids when criminals would raid abandoned homes, shops and factories for any available valuables.
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East Frisia East Frisians () are, in the wider sense, the inhabitants of East Frisia in the northwest of the German state of Lower Saxony. In the narrower sense the East Frisians are the eastern branch of the Frisians, a distinct Germanic ethnic group, and are one of the nationally recognized ethnic minorities in Germany, along with the Danes, Sorbs, Sinti and Romanies. They are closely related to the Saterland Frisians, who come from East Frisia and moved from the coastal region to the interior. The East Frisians are also related to the North Frisians and the Westlauwers Frisians.
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Despite discriminatory measures, some Romani (including some of Germany's Sinti and Lalleri) were spared deportation and death, with the remaining Romani groups suffering a fate similar to that of the Jews. Romani were deported to the Jewish ghettos, were shot by SS Einsatzgruppen in their villages, or deported and gassed in Auschwitz-Birkenau and Treblinka. Romani woman with German police officer and Nazi psychologist Dr. Robert Ritter Estimates of the Romani death toll in World War II range from 220,000 to 1,500,000. The Romani genocide was formally recognized by West Germany in 1982 and by Poland in 2011.
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Giménez Malla is a described as a pleasant, good-natured, tall, thin man carefully dressed and distinguished looking. Although illiterate, after his wife died, Giménez Malla began a career as a catechist under the guidance of a priest- teacher, Don Nicholas Santos de Otto, teaching both Romani and Spanish children. He had a gift for catechizing children by telling them stories. He became a member of the Franciscan Third order,"Patron Saint of the Rom and Sinti", Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People the Society of St. Vincent de Paul and, participated in Thursday night Eucharistic Adoration.
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Unethical human experimentation violates the principles of medical ethics. It has been performed by countries including Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, North Korea, United States of America and the Soviet Union. Examples include Project MKUltra, Unit 731, Totskoye nuclear exercise, the experiments of Josef Mengele, and the human experimentation conducted by Chester M. Southam. Nazi Germany performed human experimentation on large numbers of prisoners (including children), largely Jews from across Europe, but also Romani, Sinti, ethnic Poles, Soviet POWs and disabled Germans, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps mainly in the early 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust.
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Kripo's stated mission, which Nebe embraced, was to "exterminate criminality". Under his leadership, equipped with arbitrary powers of arrest and detention, the Kripo acted more and more like the Gestapo, including the liberal use of so-called protective custody and large-scale roundups of "asocials". In 1939, Nebe lent a commissioner of his Criminal Police Office, Christian Wirth of Stuttgart, to the Action T4, which ran the programme of involuntary euthanasia (murder) of the disabled. Also in 1939, as head of Kripo, he was involved in the discussions around the upcoming campaigns against the Sinti and Roma.
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Other stolperschwellen commemorate female forced labourers from Geißlingen, who were imprisoned in the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, the victims of the Holocaust in Luxemburg in Ettelbrück, forced laborers in Glinde and Völklingen, victims of forced euthanasia in Merseburg, and the first deportees, Roma and Sinti from Cologne. Further stolperschwellen exist in Bad Buchau, Berlin-Friedenau, Nassau, another in Stralsund, and one in Weingarten. A stolperschwelle was set up in Thessaloniki in front of the house in which Alois Brunner and Adolf Eichmann had planned the deportation and annihilation of 96.5% of the Jewish population of the town.
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Many Romani people and Sinti did not possess any documents after World War II. As they were not able to read nor to write, it was difficult for them to solve these buerocratic issues alone by visiting the responsible offices. The Ketani Association represented these interests for this minority living in Austria over centuries. One of the associations’ tasks was to support and to look after its members by helping out with applications, search of accommodation or education. Furthermore, the Ketani Association looks after Romani refugees, mostly coming from the former Yugoslavia, who suffer from postwar-consequences.
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The German government paid war reparations to Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, but not to the Romani. There were "never any consultations at Nuremberg or any other international conference as to whether the Sinti and Roma were entitled like the Jews to reparations." The Interior Ministry of Wuerttemberg argued that "Gypsies [were] persecuted under the Nazis not for any racial reason but because of an asocial and criminal record". When on trial for his leadership of Einsatzgruppen in the USSR, Otto Ohlendorf cited the massacres of Romanis during the Thirty Years War as a historical precedent.
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The Parliamentary Assembly also engages in parliamentary diplomacy, and has an extensive election observation program. Młodziejowski Palace in Warsaw, the seat of the ODIHR The oldest OSCE institution is the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), established in 1991 following a decision made at the 1990 Summit of Paris. It is based in Warsaw, Poland, and is active throughout the OSCE area in the fields of election observation, democratic development, human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination, rule of law, and Roma and Sinti issues. The ODIHR has observed over 300 elections and referendums since 1995, sending more than 50,000 observers.
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Ritter was responsible for the invention "disguised mental retardation". According to Ritter, individuals, especially children with this alleged disorder displayed a certain independence and cunning and were quick talkers. "Disguised mental retardation" supposedly carried a mask of cleverness, which the pseudo- scientific medical specialists characterized as mental retardation: if they couldn't actually observe and demonstrate a mental problem, they simply insisted it was present anyway, and that evidence of its opposite was some kind of trick. The Nazi government used this alleged disorder as a justification to sterilize an estimated 500 Roma and Sinti individuals between 1933 and 1939.
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Soon after the release of this album Jozua Rosenberg left the group to be able to concentrate more on playing flamenco guitar and Rinus Steinbach, who played bass with Jimmy Rosenberg in Gipsy Kids and Sinti stepped in to fill the gap. In 2006, while recording the next album Desert Fire, Noah Schafer replaced bassist Rinus Steinbach. Paulus Schäfer performed at many prestigious venues: DjangoFest NorthWest, Langley WA (US), Django in June, Northampton, MA (US), Sziget Festival Budapest (H), Khamoro Prague (CZ), International Gipsy Guitar Festival Gossington (UK), Django Reinhardt Festival Samois-sur-Seine (FR), Gipsy Festival Anger (FR), and the International Gipsyfestival (NL).
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However, recent DNA testing has shown that the Irish Travellers are genetically distinct from their settled counterparts, and more groups are being studied. Many groups speak their own language or dialect (distinct from the settled population); it is often a blend of the local settled language and Romani language, even in non- Romani groups. The largest of these groups are the Romani people, who have Indian roots and heritage, who left India around 1,500 years ago entering Europe around 1,000 years ago; this includes the Sinti people, who are themselves the second largest group. The third largest group in Europe is the Yenish, an indigenous Germanic group.
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Nazis classified those they called the sub-humans into different types; they placed priority on extermination of the Jews, and exploitation of others as slaves.Quality of Life: The New Medical Dilemma, edited by James J. Walter, Thomas Anthony Shannon, page 63 Historian Robert Jan van Pelt writes that for the Nazis, "it was only a small step to a rhetoric pitting the European Mensch against the Soviet Untermensch, which had come to mean a Russian in the clutches of Judeo-Bolshevism." The Untermensch concept included Jews, Roma and Sinti (Gypsies), and Slavic peoples such as Poles, Serbs and Russians. The Slavs were regarded as Untermenschen, barely fit for exploitation as slaves.
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Kliphuis became known during his student years in Amsterdam in 1999, when he joined Belgian gypsy guitarist Fapy Lafertin. Kliphuis toured Europe with Lafertin's Quintet and featured on three albums before turning to a solo career in 2004. He was classically trained at the Amsterdam Conservatoire and learned to improvise in the style of Stéphane Grappelli while working with the Dutch Sinti community. Other influences include saxophonist Stan Getz, guitarist Joe Pass, and violinist Jean-Luc Ponty. In 2006, Kliphuis started combining classical, folk, and world music with gypsy jazz and performing regularly outside the jazz world, in classical halls such as the Concertgebouw and folk festivals such as Celtic Connections.
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There were many affected populations who could be grouped by various (often overlapping) variables such as geographic, ethnic, religious, political, and health categories. They included German political prisoners of the SA, Gestapo, and SS; foreign civilian men and women from occupied territories of Eastern Europe (Ostarbeiter); prisoners of war; institutionalized people (mentally or physically disabled people, or medical and psychiatric patients); and various ethnic, religious, or ethnoreligious groupings (for example, Jews, Sinti, Romani, Yeniche, and Jehovah's Witnesses). They lived in various kinds of camps, called labor camps (Arbeitslager in German) and concentration camps (Konzentrationslager [KZ] in German). Nazi concentration camps were often meant not only for forced labor but also extermination.
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Idomenae or Idomenai (, possibly from Ἰδομενεύς - IdomeneuesἸδομενεύς, Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary, on Perseus), also known as Idomene (Ἰδομένη), or Eidomenae or Eidomenai, or Idomenia,Peut. Tab. was a town of ancient Macedonia which the Tabular Itinerary places at 12 M. P. from Stena. Sitalces, on his route from Thrace to Macedonia, crossed Mount Cercine, leaving the Paeones on his right, and the Sinti and Maedi on his left, and descended upon the Axius at Idomenae. It is included by Ptolemy in Emathia, and was near Doberus, next to which it is named by Hierocles among the towns of Consular Macedonia under the Byzantine Empire.
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From 1968 onwards, Babik started releasing albums in his own name, commencing with a set of tunes by Sidney Bechet played on electric (Gibson ES-175) guitar with a small group. A 1973 album "Sinti Houn Brazil" included three lengthy original compositions, in more of a bossa nova style, while a 1974 release, "Sur Le Chemin De Mon Pere...Django" comprised mostly compositions by his father, but played in a mainstream electric style. "Three Of A Kind" (1975) was a collaboration with the gypsy guitarists Christian Escoudé and Boulou Ferré in a contemporary jazz style, and included a 5-minute medley of Django Reinhardt compositions.
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The deportation of Jews, Sinti and Romani during the Second World War is commemorated by a flower-decked plaque at the track-side entrance of the entrance building. In the second half of 2006 the platforms were repainted, new safety systems were installed and a passage was opened that connects platform track 2 with the Schott glass works. Since the operation of trains through the difficult terrain between Großschwabhausen and Jena West was difficult, especially in the early years of the Weimar–Gera line, it was necessary to use pusher locomotives to provide assistance. A shed was built at the station with accommodation for two pusher engines.
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Maro Temm is a housing community of 13 units within Keil. It is occupied by Roma and Sinti of all generations and is a community where they are able to retain and share their culture and language. It is a small community in the midst of the general population (not isolated on the outskirts), allowing the Roma access to the same educational and healthcare opportunities as their Non Roma counterparts. As a settlement it provides the Roma with security, preservation of culture, as well as wider community integration and its location within the general community also allows for the minority and majority to build a relationship of trust that helps end discrimination.
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During Second World War, the station was situated just outside the Łódź Ghetto – one of the biggest Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Europe. The Umschlagplatz at the Radegast station was the place where predominantly Jewish inhabitants of Łódź including thousands of persons expelled from across occupied Poland were gathered for deportation directly to Chełmno (Kulmhof) and Auschwitz German extermination camps. Approximately 200,000 Polish, Austrian, German, Luxemburg and Czech Jews, and many Roma, Sinti and Lalleri passed through the station on the way to their deaths in the period from January 16, 1942, to August 29, 1944. The collection point had the same significance for Łódź as the better known Umschlagplatz had for the Warsaw Ghetto.
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The main purpose of the European Alliance of Cities and Regions for Roma Inclusion is – through its participating cities and regions, in coordination with the respective national governments and while taking into account the specificities of each country – to favour projects and policies for RomaThe term "Roma" used at the Council of Europe refers to Roma, Sinti, Kale and related groups in Europe, including Travellers and the Eastern groups (Dom and Lom), and covers the wide diversity of the groups concerned, including persons who identify themselves as Gypsies. inclusion at local and regional level. In this regard, a strategic guideline for 2014-2020 has been approved by the Congress Bureau in Strasbourg on 8 September 2014.
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In August 2013, a group representing Romani and Sinti peoples called for commercial varieties of the sauce to be renamed, stating that use of the word gypsy is offensive and discriminatory, and has negative connotations. The group requested that five German food companies rename the sauce, suggesting using the name "spicy sauce" or another similar name. Authorities in Hanover, Germany issued an internal memo in October 2013 informing city staffers that they should avoid using the term to describe a type of schnitzel served in the cafeterias of city-run public buildings, instead calling it "Balkan style" or "Budapest style". During this time, food manufacturers essentially opposed renaming the commercial brands of the sauce.
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In 2011 Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe recommended that the Danish authorities clarify the issue of the traditional presence of the Romani language in country. The authorities responded that they have reviewed multiple sources and tried also to obtain information by contacting universities in Scandinavia, but did not find any documentation in support of the traditional presence of the Romani language in Denmark. During the on-the-spot visit, the Committee of Experts met with a representative of the Romani People who argued that there are around 5,000 people still living in Denmark who might be considered descendants of ten Sinti families that came from Schleswig-Holstein in the 19th century.
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World War II left many lasting effects on Dutch society. On 4 May the Dutch commemorate those who died during the war. Among the living, there are many who still bear the emotional scars of the war, both first and second generation. In 2000, the government was still granting 24,000 people an annual compensatory payment (although this also includes victims from later wars, such as the Korean War). In 2017, the Dutch Red Cross offered its “deep apologies” for its failure to act to protect Jews, Sinti and Roma, and political prisoners during the war, following the publication of a study that it had commissioned from the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
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Hence, ever since it was founded, the centre has attached priority to interviewing surviving Holocaust victims and preserving their memories on tape and video. In addition to carrying out extensive archive research at home and abroad, the centre's staff also systematically gathers personal testimonies from survivors and their relatives. Old family photographs are of particular interest in this respect, as the photographs serve as a medium to showcase how the lives of the countless victims were destroyed.Documentation and Cultural Centre Homepage, see "Zentrum" Another part of the centre's work is to present the cultural contributions of the Sinti and Roma minority in the fields of literature, the fine arts and music, thus helping to break down stereotypes.
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He wrote about the violent repression and genocide committed by Ustashe Catholics in Croatia against ethnicities and religions that they considered heretics. He estimated a total of 750,000 Orthodox Serbs; 60,000 Jews; and 26,000 Sinti and Roma were massacred by the Ustashe. The preface of the 1992 book edition reads, :»...in Catholic Croatia, the 'Kingdom of God', everyone who did not belong to the Catholic faith - for the most part Orthodox Serbs - was compelled to convert to Catholicism. Those who refused - as well as many who had already converted - were murdered, usually after prolonged torture in which the order of the day was the cutting off of noses, ears, or other body parts, or poking out eyes.
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The prisoners in St. Pantaleon were meant to continue with the drainage and regulation activities, however, more than half of the detainees were women and children. Whereas in the Labor Education Camp the camp physician reported death to the registrar, it was now the camp commander or administrator who assumed this duty. The mentioned cause of death is often exceedingly strange: “life-weakness” or “heart failure” with children, "Herzfleischentartung"cf. the novel eponymous novel of the author Ludwig Laher with an elderly lady. The dead bodies of the Sinti were – according to consistent testimonies of contemporary witnesses – for the time being deposited between shovels and pots in the gravedigger’s cell at the cemetery Haigermoos, and then buried during the night – without discernible gravesite.
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Czech neopagans at an anti-Romani demonstration in České Budějovice, 29 June 2013 Antiziganism (also antigypsyism, anti-Romanyism, Romaphobia, or anti- Romani sentiment) is hostility, prejudice, discrimination or racism which is specifically directed at Romani people (Roma, Sinti, Iberian Kale, Welsh Kale, Finnish Kale and Romanichal). Non-Romani itinerant groups in Europe such as the Yenish and Irish and Scottish Travellers are often given the misnomer "gypsy" and confused with the Romani people. As a result, sentiments which were originally directed at the Romani people are also directed at other traveler groups and they are often referred to as "antigypsy" sentiments. The term Antigypsyism is recognized by the European Parliament and the European Commission as well as by a wide cross-section of civil society.
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In 2002, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) first denounced the party, saying that "exponents of the Lega Nord [...] have been particularly active in resorting to racist and xenophobic propaganda, although members of other parties have also made use of xenophobic or otherwise intolerant political discourse". In 2006, the ECRI noticed that "some members of the Northern League have intensified the use of racist and xenophobic discourse". While noting that those expressing themselves this way were mostly local representatives of this party, according to the ECRI "representatives exercising important political functions at national level have also resorted to racist and xenophobic discourse. Such discourse has continued to target essentially non-EU immigrants, but also other members of minority groups, such as Roma and Sinti.".
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A number of authors have repeated the claim that Reinhardt's nickname, Django, is Romani for "I awake"; however, it may also simply have been a diminutive, or local Walloon version, of "Jean".Denis Chang: Sinti culture, language & the origin of the name Django Reinhardt spent most of his youth in Romani encampments close to Paris, where he started playing the violin, banjo and guitar. He became adept at stealing chickens, which was viewed as a noble skill by the Romani, because part of their means of survival on the road was to steal from the non-Romani world around them. His father reportedly played music in a family band comprising himself and seven brothers; a surviving photograph shows this band including his father on piano.
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Throughout 1937, Linnemann was transferred as a commander of the Kriminalpolizei from Berlin to Stettin, and was also attached to Hanover. In January 2020, the German Football Association announced that Linnemann "was directly involved in the registration of Sinti and Roma as the head of the Hannover Criminal Police control center" which led to the deportation of several hundred to Auschwitz concentration camp, where they died. After the end of the war, he spent six months in the internment camp with Englishmen in Lüneburger Heide; the Nazis had transferred the entire police with appropriate service ranks of the officials during the war to the SS. Linnemann died in 1948 in his home village Steinhorst near Hannover, where he is buried.
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In Italy self-build has been, for some decades after World War II, a common practice among the lower class, widely used in squatting areas like the Borgate Romane (Rome) or the suburbs in the north of Naples and around Palermo. Nowadays self-build is rather used as a partial support to house building where the construction of the structural parts (foundation, walls, roof ....) is committed to professionals companies.L'alternativa autocostruzione: una proposta delle cooperative; Rosario Pavia, in La Metropoli "spontanea": il caso di Roma : 1925–1981, sviluppo residenziale di una città dentro e fuori dal piano, Edizioni Dedalo, 1983; on-line versione: books.google.it (accessed on 9 July 2014) Another application field for self-build in Italy is the support to disadvantaged ethnic groups like Sinti.
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Previously and apparently for different reasons, the SS had established a "Gypsy camp" at the BIIe section inside Auschwitz II-Birkenau where Romani and Sinti families were kept together and non-productive individuals were temporarily allowed to remain alive. There is no surviving document indicating the SS reasoning for establishing the family camp, and it is a subject debated by scholars. It is probable that the family camp prisoners were kept alive so that their letters could reassure relatives in Theresienstadt and elsewhere that "deportation to the East" did not mean death. At the time, the SS was planning a Red Cross visit to Theresienstadt, and may have wanted to convince the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) that deported Jews were not murdered.
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In 2007 and 2008, following the brutal rape and subsequent murder of a woman in Rome at the hands of a young man from a local Romani encampment, the Italian government started a crackdown on illegal Roma and Sinti campsites in the country. In May 2008 Romani camps in Naples were attacked and set on fire by local residents. In July 2008, a high court in Italy overthrew the conviction of defendants who had publicly demanded the expulsion of Romanis from Verona in 2001 and reportedly ruled that "it is acceptable to discriminate against Roma on the grounds that they are thieves".Italy: Court inflames Roma discrimination row The Guardian Retrieved 17 July 2008 One of those freed was Flavio Tosi, Verona's mayor and an official of the anti-immigrant Lega Nord.
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Jonathan Mack, 2014 Jonathan Mack (born 10 January 1984 in Ravensburg, Germany) is a German human rights activist, writer and scholar. Mack has a diploma in political sciences of the Free University Berlin, and currently works as political advisor at the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma. He established with various Roma youth organizations the ternYpe International Roma Youth Network in 2009, and developed the Roma Genocide Remembrance Initiative to commemorate and lobby for the political recognition of the porajmos; since 2006 he supported various local, national and international Roma youth organizations to develop youth strategies and programs for the empowerment and active citizenship of Roma youth, and to combat Antigypsyism. From 2012 until 2015 he worked as the managing director of the Phiren Amenca International Network, based in Budapest.
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Rezension Monika Nöcker-Ribaupierre in Socialnet, retrieved on 29 April 2020 The types found are named as: Music as outwardly and inwardly moving, creation of a mental space, music as the connecting link between two worlds, music as the foreign, music as desired, music and healing, music transforms, music as witness, music and identity. At the same time, references to today's understanding of music will be established. A more detailed indepth psychology analysis is devoted to the Brothers Grimms' fairy tales: Das Eselein and two fairy tales of Sinti and Romani people: The Creation of the Violin and Der Sohn kämpft gegen den Vater (The Son Fights Against the Father). The investigations show the diversity of the concept of music in fairy tales and the clear traces of cultural and historical changes.
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Based on linguistic, historical as well as anthropological considerations, the experts eventually selected thirteen groups, corresponding to the currently recognized twelve with the further addition of the Sinti and Romani-speaking populations.Camera dei deputati, Servizio Studi, Documentazione per le Commissioni Parlamentari, Proposte di legge della VII Legislatura e dibattito dottrinario,123/II, marzo 1982 The original list was approved, with the only exception of the nomadic peoples, who lacked the territoriality requisite and therefore needed a separate law. However, the draft was presented to the law-making bodies when the legislature was about to run its course, and had to be passed another time. The bill was met with resistance by all the subsequent legislatures, being reluctant to challenge the widely-held myth of "Italian linguistic homogeneity", and only in 1999 did it eventually pass, becoming a law.
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According to Fliegauf's own account, the structure of the film, centered on the life of a family from morning to evening, had been ready for a decade, but without an appropriate content. For the purposes of this film, he was inspired by a series of articles about the attacks on Romani people written by journalist Zoltan Tabori in 2009 and 2010 as well as a nightmare which Fliegauf used to make the final scene of the film ("I saw a hut and the ghostly shadow of a muzzle flash"). The director spent a year in research, traveling around Hungary, speaking with Romani and Sinti people. In September 2012, Just the Wind was presented as the official candidate of Hungary at the Academy Awards in the category of Best Foreign Language Film, but in the end was not shortlisted.
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Other main roads are the Altonaer Straße, Spreeweg and Hofjägerallee. In the middle of the park is the square named Großer Stern ("Great Star") with the Siegessäule (Victory column) located in its centre. In addition to the Brandenburg Gate, other notable buildings and structures located close to the park are the Soviet War Memorial, the Reichstag (seat of the Bundestag) and Federal Chancellery (seat of the Chancellor of Germany) (all in the eastern borders), the new central railway station (in the north) and, on the southeastern borders, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of National Socialism and the central square of Potsdamer Platz. In the northerly neighbouring quarter of Moabit a much smaller park bears the same name, thus both are differentiated as Großer and Kleiner Tiergarten.
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For years he has been known by the federal and state governments for his resoluteness and for his persistent and unyielding work. Together with the Chairpersons of the national minorities in Germany Rose leads the Minority Council, which was founded on September 9, 2004. It is the union of the umbrella organisations of the four national minorities which belong to the German nation and have always been resident and autochthonous here: The DOMOWINA of the Sorbs, the Friesian Council, the South Schleswig Association of the Danish minority, and the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma. Along with delegates of minorities from the USA, Mexico, Argentina, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, France and Holland Rose is also a member of the management committee of the International Movement Against Discrimination and Racism (IMADR) founded in Tokyo in 1988.
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Although the indignation of Social Democracy at the brutality of the Patriotic Front is understandable, equality between the two regimes does not seem historically legitimate. Although the Dollfuß/Schuschnigg dictatorship caused political deaths in the three-figure range, the National Socialists committed mass murder and industrial extermination of more than 106,900 innocent Austrians, from infants to the elderly: approximately 65,000 Jewish citizens of Austria fell victim to the Holocaust, 9,000 Roma and Sinti from Porajmos, about 25,000 to Nazi medical crime, more than 7,000 to the persecution of political dissidents and in addition more than 900 to the persecution by the Nazi military justice. In total, around 9 million people died in the Holocaust. This list does not include the same-sex oriented people, the so-called asocials and Jehovah's Witnesses, who were also persecuted in concentration camps and murdered.
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A document from about the seventeenth century titled the Winchester Confessions indicates that British Romani was itself a dialect of the northern branch of Romani sharing a close similarity to Welsh Romani. However, the language in a modern context has changed from the Indic-based vocabulary, morphology, and influences from Greek and other Balkan languages of the seventeenth century to a Para-Romani dialect typical of modern Anglo-Romani with sentence endings influenced by English, while Welsh Romani retains the original grammatical system. Historically, the variants of Welsh and English Romani constituted the same variant of Romani, share characteristics, and are historically closely related to dialects spoken in France, Germany (Sinti), Scandinavia, Spain, Poland, North Russia and the Baltic states. Such dialects are descended from the first wave of Romani immigrants into western, northern and southern Europe in the late Middle Ages.
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An image of Django Reinhardt, "originator" of gypsy jazz, presides over the Hot Club de Norvège at Djangofestivalen 2018 Original 78 release by the Quintette du Hot Club de France. The origins of gypsy jazz can be traced to the ManoucheDjango's family were from the Manouche gypsy clan of northern France, the French-speaking branch of the Sinti people of Germany and the Netherlands; his father's surname was the German Weiss and his mother was a Reinhardt (another German surname). Also living in the south of France at the time were another gypsy clan or tribe, the Gitans, whose origins were from the Gitano gypsies of Spain. Although Reinhardt's style has acquired the name "Jazz Manouche" in recent times, many of his accompanists, such as the Ferret brothers, were Gitans. For more information see Cruickshank, 1984, pp. 40-41.
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German Nazi deportation of Sinti and Roma from Asperg, 1940 Persecution of Romani people reached a peak during World War II in the Porajmos (literally, the devouring), a descriptive neologism for the Nazi genocide of Romanis during the Holocaust. The Romani communities in Central and Eastern Europe were less organized than the Jewish communities; and the Einsatzgruppen, mobile killing squads who travelled from village to village massacring the Romani inhabitants where they lived, typically left few to no records of the number of Roma killed in this way. Even though in a few cases significant documentary evidence of mass murder was generated, it is more difficult to assess the actual number of victims. Historians estimate that between 220,000 and 500,000 Romani were killed by the Germans and their collaborators—25% to over 50% of the slightly fewer than 1 million Roma in Europe at the time.
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The memorial covered in snow, February 2009 The monument has been criticized for only commemorating the Jewish victims of the Holocaust; however, other memorials have subsequently opened which commemorate other identifiable groups that were also victims of the Nazis, for example, the Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (in 2008) and the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism (in 2012). Many critics argued that the design should include names of victims, as well as the numbers of people killed and the places where the killings occurred. Meanwhile, architecture critic Nicolai Ouroussoff claimed the memorial "is able to convey the scope of the Holocaust's horrors without stooping to sentimentality – showing how abstraction can be the most powerful tool for conveying the complexities of human emotion." Some Germans have argued the memorial is only statuary and does little to honor those murdered during the Nazi Regime.
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The Belzec trial (, ) in the mid-1960s was a war crimes trial of eight former SS members of Bełżec extermination camp. The trial was held at the 1st Munich District Court (Landgericht München I) and should be seen in the context of the Sobibor trial, which followed the Belzec trial, because five of the defendants were accused in both trials. In addition, the Belzec and Sobibor trials, along with the Treblinka trials, form a body of evidence of the crimes of mass extermination as part of the so-called Action Reinhardt programme - the killing of over two million Jews and 50,000 Roma and Sinti. These trials are directly related to the mass murder of 100,000 people in the official Nazi Euthanasia programme known after the war as Action T4, as many of the security guards worked in the euthanasia centres before transferring to the extermination camps.
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In Vienna alone 95 synagogues or houses of prayer were destroyed. The "Kristallnacht" pogrom is seen as the symbolic beginning of the systematic eradication of Jewish people which had started with the discrimination and exclusion of the German Jews since 1933 and which eventually led to the murder of millions Jewish people and so-called "enemies of the German state": homosexuals, criminals and "asocial" people, members of diverse religious communities, people with mental disabilities, political ‘offenders’ such as communists and socialists, Spanish republican refugees, and minorities like Roma and Sinti and others. Since 1995, UNITED coordinates an annual pan-European campaign on occasion of the 9 November, called International Day against Fascism and Antisemitism. Hereby, the approach is two-fold: while one part of the campaign aims to commemorate victims of the "Kristallnacht" pogrom and, more broadly, victims of the Holocaust and of fascism throughout history; another part focuses mostly on contemporary issues of racism, antisemitism, right-wing extremism and neo-fascism.
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Nazi Germany performed human experimentation on large numbers of prisoners (including children), largely Jews from across Europe, but also Romani, Sinti, ethnic Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, homosexuals and disabled Germans, in its concentration camps mainly in the early 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust. Prisoners were forced into participating; they did not willingly volunteer and no consent was given for the procedures. Typically, the experiments resulted in death, trauma, illness, shortening of life, disfigurement, or permanent disability, and as such are considered as examples of medical torture since the participants had to endure mass amounts of pain. At Auschwitz and other German camps, under the direction of Eduard Wirths, selected inmates were subjected to various hazardous experiments that were designed to help German military personnel in combat situations, develop new weapons, aid in the recovery of military personnel who had been injured, and to advance the racial ideology backed by the Third Reich.
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For example, in the early 1990s he was fined for breaking into a Messerschmitt- Bölkow-Blohm warehouse in Munich to secure evidence of the company's covertly supplying the Iraqi air force; he repeatedly protested Russia's military actions in Chechnya, comparing the bombing of Grozny to Dresden in 1945; in 2005 in advance of the official visit of German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder to Kaliningrad (formerly Königsberg, East Prussia) to celebrate the city's 750th anniversary, he demanded in an open letter that Schröder note the mass expulsions and deaths of Germans there and elsewhere in the former eastern territories of Germany under Stalin; he protested the 2008 Summer Olympics in China on behalf of Tibet, comparing it to the 1936 Olympics in Berlin under the Nazis; and he has been credited as one of those most responsible for the Sinti and Roma being recognized as a minority people in Germany. He is also the editor of the journal bedrohte völker (previously pogrom).
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Slovenia and the United States maintained observer status. The governments of the above countries have committed to closing the gap in welfare and living conditions between the Roma and non-Roma populations, as well as putting an end to the cycle of poverty and exclusion that many Roma find themselves in. Each of these countries has developed an action plan that specifies goals and indicators in the project's priority areas: education, employment, health and housing. The founding international partner organizations of the project are the World Bank, the Open Society Institute, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Council of Europe (CoE), CoE's Development Bank (CEB), the Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) of the Organization for Security and Co- operation in Europe (OSCE), the European Roma Information Office, the European Roma and Travellers Forum, the European Roma Rights Centre and the Roma Education Fund.
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6) More concretely, the allegation that the people living in these > districts "have no access to basic public services" is largely inaccurate. > Certain difficulties (though not remotely on the scale suggested) do exist > in this regard, and the authorities are taking concrete measures to address > them (see above). However, as the Advisor on Roma and Sinti issues at the > OSCE, N. Gheorghe remarked during the Skopje meeting: “…many of the Roma > confuse public services with rights to which they are entitled and which are > guaranteed by the welfare state" (Skopje Report, p.16). ... Concerning the > issue of the electricity supply it should be noted that dwellers of such > neighbourhoods sometimes refuse to pay their electricity bills. This > attitude could at least in part be explained by the fact that “…Romani > mahala-dwellers believe they have rights as citizens to electricity and > other services, and that the state has an obligation to provide and to a > large extent to subsidize them" (Skopje Report, p. 7).
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Mentions of the Holocaust are frequently not accompanied by clear references to groups of victims (examples in this context are Australia, Bulgaria, Canada (Alberta), Ethiopia, Italy, Mexico and USA (Texas)). In some curricula, Jews are the only group of victims named (the curricula of the Walloon and German authorities in Belgium, Côte d’Ivoire, Germany (Bavaria), Hungary and Panama); others point out the connection of the Holocaust to antisemitism [Albania, Canada (Ontario), Ireland, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Portugal and Spain], or make explicit mention of several groups of victims such as Sinti and Roma (Costa Rica, Ecuador, France, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago and USA (California)), homosexuals (South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, and the US (California)), political opponents (South Africa and the German Land of Lower Saxony) and further groups subsumed under ‘other minorities’ (Germany (Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia), Namibia, Singapore and Swaziland) or summarized as ‘others who failed to meet the Aryan ideal’ (California).
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Although on one hand the poem made Papusza known for the first time among the Polish audience, on the other the interview and, above all, the Romani-Polish minidictionary attached to it, caused a negative turn in the poet's life, as she was accused of revealing the secrets of her native culture to the gadjos. Her activities were associated by some of the Roma with the simultaneous moves of Polish communist government that found its culmination in September 1952 (known variously as 'Action C', or "The Great Halt", which aimed at creating the first census of the Polish Sinti and Roma, their registration and obligatory assignment of ID cards). Accusations of Papusza and Ficowski as supporters, even unintentional of the forced settlement of Roma are even now not uncommon, although the law imposing a ban on wandering was not introduced until 1964. Similar legislation began to spring up in neighboring countries such as Czechoslovakia (1958), Bulgaria (1958), and Romania (1962).
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A main theme in Grass's work is World War II and its effects on Germany and the German people, including a critique of the forms of ideological reasoning that undergirded the Nazi regime. The place of the city of Danzig/Gdańsk and its ambiguous historical status in between Germany and Poland often stands as a symbol of the ambiguity between ethnic groups, also found in Grass's own heritage which includes both German and Slavic family members who fought on opposite sides of the war. His works also show a sustained concern for the marginal and marginalized subjects, such as Oskar Matzerath, the dwarf in The Tin Drum whose body was considered an aberration unworthy of life in the Nazi ideology, or with Roma and Sinti people who were also deemed impure and unworthy and subjected to eugenics and genocide. His literary style combines elements of magic realism, with a penchant for questioning and complicating questions of authorship by intermingling realistic autobiographical elements with unreliable narrators and fantastic events or happenings that creates irony or satirizes events to form social critiques.
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Jakob Bamberger was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, the son of Julius Bamberger, a horse trader and owner of a movie theater that is now a historical building called Das Kleine Kino in Ebersberg. In 1935, the Nazis forced the family to cease operation of the theater; from 1935 to 1939, Jakob worked for the national railway. During Bamberger's boxing career, which began in 1933, he would set foot in the ring over four hundred times. In 1936, he was selected for the Olympic boxing team, but was excluded from competition when the team was purged of "non-Aryans"."Pflichtschuldige Aufarbeitung" On 15 April 1938, he lost the championship match to Nikolaus Obermauer and became German Vice Champion in the Flyweight class. In 1939, he was runner-up at the European Championship in Dublin.["Interview mit Jakob Bamberger" in: Jörg Boström, Uschi Dresing, Jürgen Escher, Axel Grünewald: Das Buch der Sinti S.156-158] In 1940, he was third in his class at the championship in Königsberg.Michail Krausnick, 1981.
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The ECRI also recalled that "in December 2004, the first instance Court of Verona found six local representatives of Lega Nord guilty of incitement to racial hatred in connection with a campaign organised in order to send a group of Sinti away from a local temporary settlement". However, the Court of Cassation cancelled the sentence in 2007. Although several LN members speak strongly against illegal immigrants (Bossi suggested in 2003 opening fire on the boats of illegal immigrants from Africa, whom he described as bingo-bongos; and Giancarlo Gentilini labeled foreigners as "immigrant slackers", saying that "we should dress them up like hares and bang-bang-bang"), the party's official line is more moderate. In a 2010 interview after some riots in Milan between South American and North African immigrants, Maroni, then Minister of the Interior, stated that "the police state is not the solution" to integration problems and calling for a "new model of integration" maintained that "we should think that, other than a permit of stay, a job and a house, there are further conditions that today are missing for integration to succeed".
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Grappelli's popularity and public appearances helped to rekindle an interest in gypsy jazz among listeners who were too young to have experienced the prewar Quintette of Django Reinhardt. In the 2010s and 2020s, as in the past, the gypsy jazz style (which has become a part of their own "folklore", taking Reinhardt as a role model) is once again passed on from one generation to the next in Manouche/Sinti gypsy communities, children learning from their relatives at an early age, able to master the basics almost before they can hold a normal-sized guitar in their hands. What today is called "gypsy jazz" was not played exclusively by gypsies even from the start: of the original Quintette, only Django and his brother Joseph were gypsies (although later, various other gypsy players were called upon to perform rhythm guitar duties), and Django himself played in a straight (non "gypsy") jazz context on many occasions with other artists. Similarly, late-era Reinhardt recordings are generally closer to bebop and well away from the classic "hot club" sound, and arguably do not fall under the term "gypsy jazz" as generally used today.
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