1000 Sentences With "shales" | Random Sentence Generator

The shales will turn themselves back on to a point.

Shales said she kept the ring in a back closet tucked inside another jewelry box.

"My daughter said 'it's here, it's here, it's here, the fire is here,'" Shales said.

There's huge investments going in the U.S. and shales … there are big projects around the world.

The EIA expects output in the natural gas-rich Marcellus and Utica shales to be roughly flat.

The ring would be the only thing that survived when Patty Shales home burned to the ground.

The Permian is rich in oil, and its shales are relatively easy to tap with today's rigs.

The ancient pink pigments were found in marine black shales of the Taoudeni Basin in Mauritania, West Africa.

Melissa Shales, 26, inflicted injuries that gave the girls multiple broken bones before they were two months old.

Patty Shales believed that everything inside her house in the Los Angeles hills was destroyed by a wildfire.

Bearish hedge fund managers point to strong growth in gas output especially from the prolific Marcellus and Utica shales.

"I feel that she sent me this to tell me that she's in heaven and she's OK," Shales said.

San Francisco (CNN Business)By day, Paul Shales is a computer programmer who works in advertising operations for a bank.

Shales admits it isn't a great video; the resulting face is more of a morph than a swap, he said.

Ms. Shales returned to see the devastation for herself three days later, and learned then that not everything was lost.

Shales' creations aren't meant to fool or scare people; rather, they're meant to be fun and funny, and occasionally politically satirical.

The 20143-mile pipeline would carry fracked gas liquids from the Marcellus and Utica shales to an energy terminal near Philadelphia.

Shales' Elon-Musk-as-a-baby video, which he sees as playful and a way of puncturing the bombast of Silicon Valley.

" He added: "I think we're in a range where the shales will be a shock absorber on the upside and the downside.

Her husband, Michael Shales, 31, did not seek medical attention for his daughters after witnessing the abuse at the hands of his wife.

Information about the attorneys for both Michael and Melissa Shales was not immediately available, and it was unclear if they planned to appeal.

Later, when he did a remix of Niall Horan's "Nice To Meet Ya," Shales remade Horan's music video with Diplo's face swapped in.

"Don Ohlmeyer made more money out of ESPN than anybody else," Steve Bornstein, a former president of ESPN, told Mr. Miller and Mr. Shales.

I loved "Live From New York," a collection of interviews with cast and crew over the years by Tom Shales and James Andrew Miller.

"And that I'm going to be OK." Shales said the fire destroyed the house her late husband built and she lost everything in it.

Implications for ancient life The oldest color on Earth wasn't the only discovery to come out of the marine shales found deep beneath the Sahara.

But when we have occasional road works and we cut into the hills, we have the potential to find fresh black shales which contain the fossils.

"The fact that that's the only thing that survived is something that's a message to my family that she's in heaven, she's O.K.," Ms. Shales said.

On Friday, when residents were allowed back in to the area, Moore said he was checking IDs when Shales came by and he recognized her address.

"Their work demonstrated a restlessness and playfulness," Ezra Shales, a professor of art history at the Massachusetts College of Art and Design, said in a telephone interview.

In the lower 48 states, the biggest oil plays are on private and state lands that hold the vast majority of our nation's oil and gas shales.

" Tom Shales of The Washington Post, 26 years later, was more enthusiastic, praising him as "mythic, timeless, fearless — endowed by the gods with some absurd miraculous gift.

And around this time every year, it's fun to re-read the classic suite of Tom Shales' reviews of Kathie Lee Gifford's nightmarish before-Christmas TV specials.

"But ultimately oil fields decline, and we're going to need all sources of supply, including the shales, but also deepwater and other sources around the world," he said.

"Some of the best things we have in our portfolio are the shales," Watson said during an interview on the 48th floor of the company's Houston office tower.

"The place is now just ashes," Ms. Shales said of the 7,000-square-foot home, which on the day it burned was on the market for $6 million.

As for the Brentwood house, Ms. Shales said that it was insured for fire, and that she planned to sell the lot once it was cleared of debris.

When the journalists James Andrew Miller and Tom Shales paired up to compile oral histories of "Saturday Night Live" and ESPN, there were tales of sex and drugs.

Ms. Shales, 67, looked out her window and could see flames on the Sepulveda Pass, but not close enough for her to worry about evacuating on that October night.

The group said on Wednesday its sales fell 7% year-on-year in the third quarter to $1003 billion, reflecting ongoing activity reductions in the U.S. and Argentine shales.

Earlier that day, Michael Shales bought $120 worth of heroin, and arrived back home to an enraged Melissa, who threw the baby into the aluminum rails of their daybed, Levittownnow.

Patty Shales was asleep in her home in the Brentwood hills of Los Angeles when her neighbor called to say a fire was burning near the Getty Center art museum.

Shales uses free deep-learning programs like FaceSwap and DeepFaceLab to replace faces in videos, but also requires a lot of human grunt work to get a good-looking final result.

The second time I ate it, for I could not resist, the batter was somehow even crunchier, cracking off of the juicy meat in salty shales the size of oyster shells.

"This long lead-time wave of projects and a short-cycle revival, led by U.S. shales, could create a material oversupply in 2018-19," Goldman's equity research team said last month.

Funding the projects "will help us master oil and gas development in these types of rising shales," and bolster the DOE's efforts to strengthen U.S. energy dominance, the department said in a release.

Once completed, both will transport fracked gas from the Marcellus and Utica shales — deep deposits of natural gas that have experienced a boom in the past five years that increased production more than threefold.

Additionally, Michael Shales, while high on heroin, tore the throat of one of the girls with a pair of pliers while trying to remove a piece of gauze, reports the Bucks County Courier Times.

According to ABC6, on March 21, 2016, the day Michael Shales used the pliers on his daughter's throat, police arrived at their apartment after someone called 911 saying one baby was having problems breathing.

The company expects production to grow 5 percent each year for the rest of the decade, helped by output spikes in the Eagle Ford and Permian shales of Texas, two of the largest U.S. oilfields.

In June, Zurich had pledged to begin to divest from the oil sands industry, starting with dialogue about transition plans with their customers that have over 30% exposure to thermal coal, oil sands and oil shales.

Conley had logged about 1,500 hours of flight time over oil and gas fields, moonscapes like the Barnett and Eagle Ford Shales in Texas, the Julesburg Basin in Colorado and the Bakken Formation in North Dakota.

For instance, Shales had to collect a bunch of clips of Kardashian from her reality show, "Keeping Up with the Kardashians," use computer software to sort out the images with faces in them, and then manually weed out the bad ones.

He has to his credit two widely popular books, "Live From New York" (an oral history of "Saturday Night Live") and "Those Guys Have All the Fun" (about ESPN), but the television critic Tom Shales was his collaborator on both.

BD: I have to say in the last year I've seen discipline come back into the shales so not just about cash returns and actually people getting a return on capital so you can see the rig count going up.

"The bedrock of this mountain range was laminated shales and sandstone, which are not extremely resistant to start with," said Dr. Thompson, who was not a part of the study but by chance was in Tibet when the first glacier collapsed.

After a deepfake computer program comes up with final images that Shales is satisfied with, he almost always has to do some smoothing and blurring by hand with visual effects software (AI, he notes, is getting better at this kind of finishing work).

"It's a mix of OPEC, it's shales, it's large complex projects and they each have their own dynamic in terms of response time to prices ... And on top of it, there's a lot of sentiment that is feeding the markets," van Beurden said.

He eventually cashed in his stake for an undisclosed amount and sold his sports programming assets to ESPN for about $24 million, according to "Those Guys Have All the Fun: Inside the World of ESPN," by James Miller and Tom Shales (2011).

"Total U.S. oil reserves in 2017 exceeded a brief, one-year, 47-year-old record, highlighting the importance of crude oil development in shales and low permeability plays, mainly in the Southwest," the statistical arm of the U.S. Department of Energy said.

To create a deepfake, such as this one of Kardashian freestyling, Shales needs a base video (in this case, an actress named Natalie Friedman doing an impression of Kardashian rapping), and thousands of photos of the face he wants in the final video (Kardashian herself).

"There were people who had gotten quite uncomfortable with the level, and the intensity, of his brand, so to speak," James Andrew Miller, who cowrote, with Tom Shales, the oral history "Those Guys Have All the Fun: Inside the World of ESPN," told me.

Shales posts them to places like YouTube and Instagram where, under the monikers TheFakening and The_Fakening, respectively, he's amassed a collective audience of about 100,000 people who check out his work — and often respond with the emoji equivalent of a face laughing so hard it's crying.

Because each rig can produce a ton of oil and whatever OPEC tries to keep off the market has been more than made up by our own oil companies in shales like the Permian in Texas, SCOOP and STACK in Oklahoma and the Bakken in North Dakota.

James Andrew Miller, who co-wrote along with Tom Shales the critically acclaimed behind-the-scenes history of the 38-year-old network titled, "Those Guys Have All the Fun: Inside the World of ESPN," tweeted on Thursday that Hill's suspension will be of the paid variety.

"For the supermajors, the U.S. shales may be just the portfolio medicine needed to repair short-, mid- or long-term portfolio damage as a result of the last several years of severe exploration cutbacks," Brian Lidsky, managing director at PLS, said in a briefing on 2017 dealmaking.

Describing her former craftsman home as "an architectural masterpiece" of heavy oak beams, with koi swimming in water channels running through the home, Ms. Shales said she would miss the nearly 270-degree views of the Pacific Ocean and the Los Angeles skyline from Palos Verdes to Dodger Stadium.

The development of the Marcellus and Utica Shales will fundamentally change the economic landscape of this region and our country, bringing extraordinary new prosperity to millions – more jobs, higher wages, a larger tax base, and dollars flowing into our country for a change, instead of out of our country.

Shales got interested in making them himself early this year, and in February released his first deepfake: in it, he plastered the face of actor Nicolas Cage onto Elon Musk's body to make it appear as if Cage, rather than Musk, was smoking marijuana during a podcast interview with comedian Joe Rogan.

While political leaders and government officials are increasingly concerned about the potential for deepfakes being used to mislead voters in the 2020 election, Shales is among a growing number of computer hobbyists who see the AI-crafted videos as a new form of online humor, rather than a way to trick or threaten people.

It's not easy making fakes Yet while Shales and Deep Homage enjoy making these videos, they want to make it clear how much work goes into each one — so much work, in fact, that they aren't too worried the existing technology behind deepfakes may truly fool someone in a way that could be dangerous.

"Bill came to my office very disgruntled because he knew, in his mind apparently, that there's no way an oil company would ever be interested in what he had in mind," Mr. Evey (pronounced EE-vee) told the authors James Andrew Miller and Tom Shales for the book "Those Guys Have All the Fun: Inside the World of ESPN" (2188).

So I think we're in a range where the shales will be a shock absorber on the upside and the downside very comfortable where oil prices are as we project out not just this year but I think… SS: You don't think shale is going to ruin the party and just get a little bit overexcited over produce at these kind of current levels?

Other important formations are Sembar / Bedesir - Baisakhi Shales, Karampur/Badhaura Formation Shales, Bilara Shales and Dolomites.

103–122 General composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic matrix, bitumens, and kerogen. Oil shales differ from oil-bearing shales, shale deposits that contain petroleum (tight oil) that is sometimes produced from drilled wells. Examples of oil-bearing shales are the Bakken Formation, Pierre Shale, Niobrara Formation, and Eagle Ford Formation.

The Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event in the mid Cretaceous deposited shales with an average organic content 6-10%, including samples that have reached over 15% organic content. On average, these shales have thicknesses of 22 meters. Overlying shales provide additional thickness for the source rocks of this system. The maturity levels for the shales range from immature to the main oil window.

In ascending order, glacial deposits are overlain by Early Silurian graptolite shales, Devonian sandstones and shales and Early Carboniferous deltaic sandstones. A coal bearing layer, likely tied to a marine transgression is overlain by shales and limestones, which contain coral and conodont fossils.

Black shales are also a potential source of vanadium. During WW II some vanadium was extracted from alum shales in the south of Sweden.

Since its identification and analysis, 28,30-bisnorhopane has been discovered in oil shales around the globe, including lacustrine and offshore deposits of Brazil, silicified shales of the Eocene in Gabon, the Kimmeridge Clay Formation in the North Sea, and in Western Australian oil shales.

The rocks include greywackes and shales. The fossil remains of plants that probably date to the middle or upper Devonian period are found in the shales.

Some deposits contain significant fossils; Germany's Messel Pit has the status of a Unesco World Heritage Site. The mineral matter in oil shale includes various fine-grained silicates and carbonates. Inorganic matrix can contain quartz, feldspars, clays (mainly illite and chlorite), carbonates (calcite and dolomites), pyrite and some other minerals. Geologists can classify oil shales on the basis of their composition as carbonate-rich shales, siliceous shales, or cannel shales.

Shales wrote for The Washington Post for several decades, but left the paper effective December 31, 2010. During 1998–1999, Shales was a frequent film critic for Morning Edition on National Public Radio.Tom Shales – Rotten Tomatoes, Rotten Tomatoes He was twice a guest co-host on the television show Roger Ebert & the Movies after the death of Gene Siskel. Shales was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1991 to 1996.

The bulk (90–80%) of the sequence of sediments is made up of siltstones and shales. The colour of the siltstones and shales vary from red and brown to grey to green. The siltstones and shales are intercalated with arkosic sandstone. The red arkosic sandstones of Muhos Graben are comparable to the ones of Satakunta.

Quite distinctive are banded pink to red, blue or green limestones and nodular limestones, the so-called griottes of the lower Famennian. Calcareous shales and black shales also occur. The Lochkovian consists of black shales and limestones and is very rich in conodonts. During the Pragian, a siliciclastic wedge formed, the San Silvestre Quartzite of the Basibé Formation.

In many places around the world, dark anoxic shales were formed during this interval. These shales are an important source rock for oil and gas, for example in the subsurface of the North Sea.

"Whispering Pines Whispers Of Its Origins", The New York Times, March 15, 1999, p. E5. ProQuest. Tom Shales, television critic for The Washington Post, was also critical of the sitcom in his review published on the same date, especially about Larroquette's casting as a much less likeable Basil Fawlty. Shales stated: 'Larroquette is all too believable as an obnoxious boor.'Shales, Tom (1999).

The Stockdale Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period. The shales were named by W. Talbot Aveline from the beck and hamlet of that name in Longsleddale.

The Tunjuelo Formation consists mainly of conglomerates with intercalating shales and sandstones.

The Stockdale Shales is a geologic formation in the area near Longsleddale.

25 consists of fluvial conglomerates, calcareous sandstones and marine limestones and shales.

The Edmonton Group consists of fine-grained sandstones, calcareous sandstones, siltstones, sandy shales and mudstones, bentonitic sandstones and shales, bentonite beds, ironstone concretions, carbonaceous shales and coal seams. Hard sandstones commonly cap mesas, buttes and plateaus where erosion has formed badlands topography, as is the case for much of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and the Scollard Formation. Coarse-grained sediments are rare in the Edmonton Group.

The organic rich shales of the Yilani contain up to 7.9% TOC, and the shales and siltstones of the coalbearing formations can contain 2–26% TOC. The organic matter is found as type II kerogen. While the Yilani entered the gas window, isotopic data suggest that most of the gas in the basin was derived from the Kozlu coal deposits and the associated organic rich shales.

Mostly dark coloured iron-rich shales of Pendleian age, it reaches up to 128m thick. From its top downwards, it is divided into the Lacoon Sandstone, Killooman Shale, Tonlegee Shale, Tullyclevaun Shale, Black Mountain Shales and Gubaveeny Shale members.

Zhongjianichthys specimens have been found in the early Cambrian Maotianshan shales of China.

The "important exposures" of the Edale Shales here contain fossils of technical interest.

In the 2004–05 season, Shales and Michelle Cronin won the Canadian national junior title and were selected to compete at the 2005 World Junior Championships, where they placed seventh. During their career, they trained at the Toronto Cricket Skating and Curling Club.Figure Skating Pairs Team Michelle Cronin and Brian Shales Look to 2010 - Figure Skating News Their partnership ended in December 2006. Shales teamed up with Becky Cosford in 2007.

The Wenlock Shales are pale or dark-grey shales which extend through Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, through Radnorshire into Carmarthenshire. They appear again southward in the Silurian patches in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Monmouthshire. They thicken from the south northward. The fossils are on the whole closely similar to those in the limestones above with the natural difference that corals are comparatively rare in the shales, while graptolites are abundant.

Maotianshania has been named for the Maotianshan shales, home to the famous Chengjiang Lagerstätte.

Shales, Tom. "Serling's Patterns an > Icon of Lost Era," TV Week, April 27, 2008.

348 The thickness of the group varies from of deltaic shales with interbedded sandstones.

Soils vary from coarse sands to tight clays or shet rock clays and shales.

Lanner Gorge is approximately 11 km long and is carved into sandstones and shales.

Some 50-60m thickness of shales and mudstones of Arnsbergian age constitute this formation.

It is part of the series of formations with the presence of Toarcian black shales, being among the most important of the Alpine-Mediterranean domain. Those Shales on the Northern Calcareous Alps was sedimented based on a strong dependency on the overall palaeobathymetric situation of the region, as recovered by the microfacies types as well as in the composition of the biota. The deeper part is domain of the Sachrang Shales, with a basin radiolaria-rich lithologies, and a parallel series of submarine topographic highs a dominance of echinoderm-and mollusc- biomicrites (Unken Shales) and a strong increase in resedimentation can be observed.

Gas is produced from the Muskwa Formation shales in the Horn River Basin in the Greater Sierra oil field in north-eastern British Columbia. Horizontal drilling and fracturing techniques are used to extract the gas from the low permeability shales (see Shale gas).

The Subachoque Formation consists mainly of sandy shales, some organic, with lignite and sandstone beds.

Megacheirans were important components of several faunas, including the Burgess, Wheeler and Maotianshan Shales Lagerstatten.

The most influential sire in its history the half-bred stallion Shales (foaled 1755), also known as "Old Shales". Shales' Thoroughbred sire, Blaze (foaled 1733), was a son of the great racehorse Flying Childers (a descendant of the Darley Arabian, one of the three foundation sires of the Thoroughbred). The Norfolk Trotter became the all- around travel horse in England at this time. In Yorkshire, the same breed was known as the Yorkshire Trotter.

The Joli Fou shale and Viking (Bow Island) sand, plus lower Colorado Group shales cover the Blaimore Group in southern Alberta. The Colorado Group (known locally as the Alberta Group) occupies the Cordilleran foothills with the 1700 foot thick Blackstone Formation near Nordegg, which holds silty and platy shales, together with the Cardium Formation marine sandstone and shales, and the Wapiabi Formation which reaches up to 2000 feet thick with mudstone, ironstone and ammonite fossils.

67Tribe, 2004, p.112 and comprises mudstones, shales and tuff deposited in a lacustrine environment. U-Pb dating of thick tephra, combined with Ar-Ar dates of sanidine from same bed provided an Early Eocene age. The tephra was deposited within insect-bearing shales.

Shales received the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1988 for his work at The Washington Post.

The UE consists of greenish marlaceous clays with silicon sandstone inter-layers, foraminifers, shales of ostracordes.

In 2011, Shales and Miller published their second book together, Those Guys Have All the Fun: Inside the World of ESPN, which chronicles the history of the network ESPN from its infancy in 1979 through 2010. In 2015, the Focus Features optioned the book to adapt it into a movie. Of Shales, the Forbes Media Guide Five Hundred, 1994 wrote: "Forget the middle ground, Shales either loves it or hates it – and his reviews of TV shows and personalities are often unabashed paroxysms of that love or hate....Like the medium he covers, Shales turns out fast-paced and amusing fare that often lacks depth".Terry Eastland, ed.

The age of the Chengjiang Lagerstätte is locally termed Qiongzhusian, a stage correlated to the late Atdabanian Stage in Siberian sequences of the middle of the Early Cambrian. The shales date to ≤. The shales also contain the slightly younger Guanshan biota from Malong District in Yunnan.

Outcrop of Ordovician oil shale (kukersite), northern Estonia Oil shale, an organic-rich sedimentary rock, belongs to the group of sapropel fuels. It does not have a definite geological definition nor a specific chemical formula, and its seams do not always have discrete boundaries. Oil shales vary considerably in their mineral content, chemical composition, age, type of kerogen, and depositional history and not all oil shales would necessarily be classified as shales in the strict sense.EIA (2006), p.

Lee (1990), p. 10 Another classification, known as the van Krevelen diagram, assigns kerogen types, depending on the hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen content of oil shales' original organic matter. The most commonly used classification of oil shales, developed between 1987 and 1991 by Adrian C. Hutton, adapts petrographic terms from coal terminology. This classification designates oil shales as terrestrial, lacustrine (lake-bottom-deposited), or marine (ocean bottom-deposited), based on the environment of the initial biomass deposit.

Interlayered with the slates are thin beds of dark coloured limestone and sandstone. These strata are unfossiliferous and presumed on the basis of their stratigraphic position to date to the Carboniferous Period. The slates of the Baltoro Formation is part of a thick sequence of well-cleaved black shales and slates that are exposed along almost the entire length of the Karakoram. These black shales and slates include the Singhie shales, Sarpo Laggo slate, and Pasu slates.

The section consists of calcareous shale with intercalated sparse limestone beds, dolomitic shales, and some dolostone beds.

The Ellis Group is unconformably overlain by the shales and sandstones of the Mannville Group and rests on the carbonates of the Rundle Group. It grades westwards to the shales of the Fernie Group, and eastwards to the shale, sandstones and limestones of the Vanguard and Shaunavon Formations.

The calcirudite limestones consist of fragmented bivalve shells, frequently dolomitized and silicified. In more distal sections, the formation consists of dark organic matter rich shales. In the well 1-RSJ-625, the formation includes of radioactive shales interbedded with carbonates. These facies are thought to represent a lacustrine environment.

The John Henry Member is the thickest of the four members of the Straight Cliffs. It contains strata that ranges from fluvial to marine. The lithologies seen include gray shales, siltstones, sandstones, carbonaceous shales, occasional coals and shell has beds. It ranges in thickness from 200 – 500 meters.

The Nikanassin consists primarily of marine sandstones interbedded with dark grey shales. The sandstones are dark grey, hard, mostly quartzose, and fine- to medium-grained. In the foothills the upper beds are nonmarine and include thin coal beds and carbonaceous shales. There are no commercially significant coal beds.

The Cuche Formation is characterised by mostly cream and purple coloured shales, with a basal unit of micaceous siltstones with intercalated yellowish-grey shales and thick quartzitic and feldspar-rich sandstone beds that colour red caused by meteoric waters. The sandstones have an iron-rich cementation. A middle unit of fine-grained sandstones with thin banks of siltstones follows the lower part and an upper sequence of shales with interbedded ferruginous red beds. The lower sequence contains runzelmark syn-sedimentary structures.

The exact origins of 28,30-bisnorhopane have not been conclusively established, however, there are analytical implications towards generation from chemoautotrophic bacteria. GC-MS and other analyses of source rocks, shales containing bisnorhopane, also provide data on pristane and phytane abundances. 28,30-Bisnorhopane occurs in shales with very low pristane to phytane ratios, which is indicative of generation under anoxic conditions. These shales often also contain appreciable levels of sulfur, which has been presented as possible evidence for sulfide-oxidizing bacterial activity.

The Providence Shales is a geologic formation in Jamaica. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

Natural history includes very old limestones and shales laid down by the sea some 400 million years ago.

Hutton, A.C. 1987. Petrographic classification of oil shales // Intern. J. Coal Geol. 1987. Vol. 8. P. 203–231.

The Merevale Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

The Dufton Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

The Crossdale Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

The Caton Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

The Pilton Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

The Commentry Shales is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

6, figs. 1-10 RUSHTON, A. W. A. 1966.The Cambrian Trilobites from the Purley Shales of Warwickshire.

Paleozoic rocks are widespread in North Macedonia, particularly in the west, including phyllite, volcanic formations and evidence of Riphean through Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian and Silurian formations based on fossil cephalopods, corals, brachiopods, trilobites and goniatites. Riphean-Cambrian rocks are particularly common in the Serbo-Macedonian Massif, representing sedimentary-volcanic sequences of albite, epidote and chlorite shales, albite- quartz-sericite shales, amphibole metagabbro, and metadiabase, such as the Vlasina Complex in Serbia. Metarhyolites also dominate in the Riphean-Cambrian segment of the Vardar Zone, including phyllite, spilite and keratophyre, epidote-chlorite, spilite-mica schist and low-grade metamorphic shales. Ordovician rocks are represented by metasediments such as phyllite, sandy phyllite, quartzite sandstone and some shales.

Part IV, p. 9. Tom Shales of The Washington Post wrote that the film "is primarily a humdrum slugfest, from the same producers as last year's slovenly Wayne vehicle, 'McQ.' ... What 'Brannigan' does have over 'McQ' is locale: London is a big improvement on Seattle."Shales, Tom (March 20, 1975).

The Allenby formation is a sedimentary rock formation deposited during the early to early Middle Eocene.Allenby Formation at Fossilworks.org It consists of conglomerates, sandstones with interbedded with shales and coal. The coal seams contain an abundance of insect, fish and plant fossils, known from the shales since 1877Penhallow, D.P. 1908.

Huge reserves of naturally occurring hydrocarbons are expected in clastic and carbonate reservoirs in Cambrian to Paleocene sequences like limestone and shales capped by intra formational shales and tight limestones. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Oil India Limited and Focus energy are some of major petroleum companies in this basin.

The Willow Creek Formation is composed of non-marine varicolored shales, red beds and sandstones. The shales and red beds include calcite nodules and caliche deposits. The sandstones are soft, light grey, massively bedded and cross-bedded, with harder conglomeratic sandstones toward the base of the formation.Glass, D.J., editor, 1997.

The Estheria Shales Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

The Guavio Formation has a maximum thickness of , and is characterised by a sequence of conglomerates, shales and limestones.

"Boorish Bochco: Stereotypical 'Public Morals' is nothing to laugh at". Chicago Tribune. November 6, 1996. p. 3.Tom Shales.

This prevented their decay, preserving their soft tissues as well as their hard parts in the Stephen Formation shales.

The Simijaca Formation is characterised by a sequence of mudstones, grey and black shales with sandstone and limestone intercalations.

The group contains black, grey and red shales, grey micaceous sandstones, quartzitic sandstones and red and bluish grey limestones.

The Cassville Shales is a geologic formation in West Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

It is in the form of thin beds of shales, sandstones and conglomerates. Its extraction, however, has been limited.

The Hailey Shales Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

The Boulder Creek Formation records the transition from marine conditions, represented by the shales of the underlying Hulcross Formation, to continental environments, with a return to marine conditions marked by the shales of the overlying Hasler Formation. Near shore and shoreface deposits consist of massive, fine grained, well sorted sandstones, and massive, silica-cemented conglomerates of quartz and chert pebbles in a matrix of coarse sand. Delta plain and floodplain deposits consist of interbedded argillaceous sandstones, carbonaceous shales and thin coal beds.Stott, D.F. 1963.

The term "shale oil" is also used for crude oil produced from shales of other very low permeability formations. However, to reduce the risk of confusion of shale oil produced from oil shale with crude oil in oil-bearing shales, the term "tight oil" is preferred for the latter. The International Energy Agency recommends to use the term "light tight oil" and World Energy Resources 2013 report by the World Energy Council uses the term "tight oil" for crude oil in oil-bearing shales.

Pacific Highway, Chatswood, Australia Wianamatta Shale, or Wianamatta Group, is a geological feature of the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. The Wianamatta Group directly overlies the older (but still Triassic in age) Hawkesbury sandstone. The shales generally comprises fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shales and laminites with less common sandstone units.

The Group comprises in places more than a 400m thickness of mudstones (Mydrim Shales Formation), turbidite mudstones (Hendre Shales Formation), limestone (Mydrim Limestone Formation), tuffs and tuffites (Asaphus Formation) and more turbidite mudstones (Felin-wen Formation) laid down in the marine Welsh Basin during the Llanvirnian and Caradocian epochs of the Ordovician period.

Facies association B was deposited under highly variable conditions, ranging from subtidal to intertidal to supratidal. It is defined by red and dark grey shales. Facies association C was deposited in the paralic setting and consists primarily of red shales. Facies association D, only found in New York, was deposited under fluvial conditions.

The formation comprises marine shales and limestones. The thick Jagua Vieja Member consists of black shales and horizontally laminated marly micritic to biomicritic limestones. The latter contains calcareous concretions which the fossils are found in.Iturralde Vinent & Norell, 1996 The formation overlies the San Cayetano Formation and is overlain by the Guasasa Formation.

Ashfield Shale comprises black mudstones and grey shales with frequent sideritic clay ironstone bands. The thickness ranges between 45 and 64 metres. It is 20 metres thick at the Sydney Olympic Site. The chemistry of the rock is typical of shales, with high iron levels, and some iron sulphide and low calcium levels.

Intercalated in the conglomerates are lenses of fine-to-medium grained sandstones and shales preserving fossil leaves and fossilized treetrunks.

Sidneyia sinica was named in 2002 from a specimen found in the Maotianshan Shales. About 200 specimens have been documented.

The SSSI is predominantly situated on Devonian sandstones and shales, with the area around St Agnes formed from Grampound grit.

The Las Juntas Formation has a maximum thickness of and is characterised by a sequence of sandstones with interbedded shales.

It is a nonfiction book written by James Andrew Miller and Tom Shales and published by Little, Brown and Company.

The majority of the source rocks are coals, and coaly shales originating from the Latrobe group. The hydrocarbon formation is due to the high heat flow, and subsidence that occurred in the late Cretaceous through the early Paleocene. The shales of the Latrobe Group display Total Organic Carbon (TOC) values of 1-3% wt.

The conglomerates and sandstones of the formation are representative of an alluvial environment. The coquinas represent a shallow lacustrine environment. Similar to the Atafona Formation of the Campos Basin, the sandstones, stevensite-bearing siltstones and shales represent an alkaline lacustrine environment affected by volcanic activity. The shales represent deeper lacustrine waters in more distal areas.

The rocky base of Île aux Lièvres is made up of clay shales containing locally beds of conglomerate, limestone, orthoquartzite and feldspathic sandstone. These shales are covered with a thin layer of loose deposits of coastal origin. The soils are thin and abundant rock outcrops. The maximum altitude of the territory is 86 meters.

" Jerry Vonkramer of ToonZone gave the episode a score of 7/10 and wrote "Atlantis SquarePants is not a masterpiece, but neither does it deserve the awful reputation it seems to have." Tom Shales, a television critic of The Washington Post, lambasted the film in a November 11, 2007 review. In his review, Shales wrote that "the funniest thing about the film is its title" and "a typical episode has about as many laughs as this inflated version does." Shales also criticized the musical numbers in Atlantis SquarePantis, calling them "numbing.

Brian Shales (born June 3, 1985) is a Canadian former pair skater. He represented Canada at the 2005 World Junior Championships.

The late Cenozoic deformation associated with the Andean orogeny forced hydrocarbons sourced in Devonian shales to migrate to shallower stratigraphical levels.

From a lithological point of view only the upper part of the succession consists of the Whitehill-characteristic carbonaceous black shales.

The mountain has given name to the Triassic Tschermakfjellet Formation of the Kapp Toscana Group, consisting of sandstones and silty shales.

Most of the unit is composed of intercalations of differently coloured, pervasively foliated, purplish red or bluish grey varicoloured calcareous shales.

Lastly, the Wara formation is created by a fluvial system exposed to bio clastic dolomite known as the wara shales. These shales were formed during the falling RSL. Finishing the Wara formation the fluvial valleys are filled with tidal estuaries caused by transgressive and RSL high stand. The formation is capped off by the Ahmadi Cap rock.

Most attention has been given to the shales near the Devonian/Mississippian boundary, which are variously called the Ohio Shale, Chattanooga Shale, the Antrim Shale, and the New Albany Shale.K.F. Rheams and T.L. Neathery, “Characterization and geochemistry of Devonian oil shale, north Alabama – south central Tennessee,” Symposium on Characterization and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, April 1984.

Albian Bima sandstone lie unconformably atop Precambrian basement rock, followed by the Turonian limestone and shale sequences of the Gongila Formation. Marine shales of the Fika Formation formed during the Senonian. The Maastrichtian brought a shift to an estuary environment, leading to the deposition of the Gombe Sandstones, which are intercalated with ironstone, siltstone and shales.

In their upper section (Ludlow), the shales incorporate calcareous horizons and calcareous nodules (with conodonts, nautiloids, bivalves, crinoids, and ostracods). Close to the Basque massifs, the calcareous facies changes into a detritic facies of interlayered sand– and silt–stones. The graptolite-bearing shales were later metamorphosed into lower amphibolite facies slates. They form prominent décollement surfaces.

The Black Mingo Group is a geologic group in South Carolina composed of dark grey to black clays, shales, laminated sandy shales, and yellow-red sands. The group's name comes from Black Mingo Creek where outcrops of the group are exposed. The bottom boundary is an unconformity with Cretaceous deposits. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

Thomas William Shales (born November 3, 1944) is an American writer and critic of television programming and operations. He is best known as the television critic for The Washington Post, for which Shales received the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1988. He also writes a column for the television news trade publication NewsPro, published by Crain Communications.

Kettle Ness with a glimpse of the disused quarries. As at other locations on the Cleveland coast, the underlying geology has an abundance of mineral resources. The Upper Lias consists of alum shales, jet rock, cement shales, and ironstone. The headland was previously the site of the original village and the alum works, which started quarrying .

The Schönleiten Formation is a geological formation in Austria. Part of the Gosau Group it was deposited during the later Turonian of the Cretaceous period. It primarily consists of grey, weathered yellow shales and dense sandstone, with coal bearing shales near the base. The remains of indeterminate frogs, snakes, Tethysaurines, crocodylians and the teeth of cf.

The mineralogical novelties included organic minerals that have been found in carbon-rich remnants of life such as coal and black shales.

The film received reviews from sources including Tom Shales of The Washington Post, The Christian Science Monitor, and The New York Times.

The Usme Formation is subdivided into a lower sequence of shales with intercalated sandstones and an upper part of sandstones and conglomerates.

Jack Palance: The Tough Guy Behind the Tough-Guy Exterior: Jack Palance By Tom Shales. The Washington Post 22 Aug 1980: C1.

Many of its shales are rich in organic matter and are petroleum source rocks, and some of its dolomites include petroleum reservoirs.

The Upper Eocene consists of greenish marlaceous clays with silicon sandstone inter-layers, foraminifers, shales of ostracordes and the teeth of fish.

In Cheshire and Lancashire the gypseous and saliferous red shales and loams of the Trias are between 1000 and 1500 feet thick.

Areas of oil shale of the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming (USGS) Black shales similar to the eastern shales are widely distributed west of the Mississippi River. These include some, such as the Woodford Shale of Oklahoma, which are near- stratigraphic equivalents to the Devonian/Mississippian shales of the eastern US. The largest oil-shale resource in the world is contained in the Eocene Green River Formation in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming in three basins: the Piceance Basin, Green River Basin, and Uinta Basin. The Green River oil shales have been the focus of most efforts of the past hundred years to establish an American oil shale industry. The Green River oil “shale” is actually a marl, and some beds yield up to 70 gallons of oil per short ton of shale.

The federal government also provided tax credits and rules benefiting the industry in the 1980 Energy Act. Gas production from Devonian shales was exempted from federal price controls, and Section 29 tax credits were given for unconventional gas, including shale gas, from 1980 to 2000. Although the work of the Gas Research Institute and the Eastern Gas Shales Project had increased gas production in the southern Appalachian Basin and the Michigan Basin, in the late 1990s shale gas was still widely seen as marginal to uneconomic without tax credits, and shale gas provided only 1.6% of US gas production in 2000, when the federal tax credits expired. The Eastern Gas Shales Project had tested a wide range of stimulation methods, but the DOE concluded that stimulation alone could not make the eastern gas shales economic.

The Heart's Content Formation is a formation of dark grey/black shales and mudstones, with occasional silts and sands, cropping out in Newfoundland.

The seals are the Pleistocene shales of the paleo-Orinoco delta sequences that are interbedded with the medium to fine grained sand reservoirs.

The lithology representing that bottom half of the water column are black shales and also carbonaceous oil is found in the same area.

The unit is composed of rhythmically bedded marls, horizons of laminated organic-rich black shales, rare marly limestones, clastic turbidites, and penecontemporaneous slumps.

The unit consists of shales and sandstones, with the shales being generally more abundant, particularly near the top of the stratigraphic column.Dibblee (1966) 22 Overall the unit shows a persistent alternation of shale and sandstone layers, of widely varying thickness, indicating frequent and erratic changes in water depth at the point of deposition. The lithologic characteristics of the unit are different north and south of the Santa Ynez River. South of the river, on the north slope and on the crest of the Santa Ynez Mountains, the shales are darker and a thick interior sandstone member can be mapped as a separate unit.

The shales were initially believed to be from either the Permian or Triassic periods in age based on the purported presence of reptile and lungfish fossils. By 1878, Cope had decided that the site was Permian. In 1908, E.C. Case noted that the shales also contain remains from fish which were from the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods. He argued that, while the Clepsydrops shales of Illinois and the similar red beds of Texas were evidently formed after the major Carboniferous coal deposits, there was not sufficient evidence to exclude them from the Carboniferous period itself.

The Favel Formation is an oil shale. It is rich in kerogen, with a total organic carbon content that ranges up to 10%. Fresh samples typically have a petroliferous odor. Because they were deposited under marine conditions, the Favel shales are classified as marinites, in contrast to the lamosite oil shales of the Green River Formation, which were deposited in a lacustrine environment.

The perspective formations in the district are the Muzo and Rosablanca, that are lithologically similar. These formations consist of sequences of limestones, shales, siltstones and sandstones of variable thickness. The Rosablanca unit is significantly thicker throughout the basin and contains a greater amount of limestone interbedded with shales. Emeralds are typically found in calcite- dolomite veins with minor pyrite, ankerite, albite, and quartz.

However, these shales and their layers become finer, flatter, and less disturbed as the lakes deepen. They also lose oxygen and acquire higher concentrations of dark organic material and carbonate. The finest shales formed in the deepest parts of the largest lakes. Their layers are very thin and consist of perfectly even, continuous bands of organic material alternating with carbonate (limestone) or clay.

At the ocean floor and below consists of several layers including nannomarls (1a) and ash layers (ib), a larger layer below consists of turbidite at 2a and 2c, in the middle are red and green shales (2b) and below consists of black shales (3). Below is the oceanic crust in which unlike DSDP 367 which had drilled into, DSDP 368 did not.

The uranium minerals (mainly pitchblende) occur as impregnations, thin veinlets or in breccia zones in these bodies. The deposit was formed by remobilsation of uranium already enriched in the black shales by synsedimentary processes. Remobilsation was caused by hydrothermal and supergene processes leading to the further enrichment of uranium. The background uranium content in the black shales is 40 to 60 ppm.

The geological setting of Broadstreet Hollow Creek is similar to Bushnellsville Creek. The surficial geology consists of glacial and alluvial deposits. The exposed sediments are primarily glacial till and alluvium although lacustrine clay has been observed in the banks and the bed. The bedrock consists of red beds including shales and mudstones as well as grey sandstones and grey shales.

The Rasmussens received financial aid from J. B. Doherty and K. S. Sweet Associates on an interim basis, but they were interested in finding permanent investors. Doherty shared a similar sentiment and after several failed attempts to do so, he approached Stuart Evey, a Getty Oil Company executive who was the vice president of non-oil operations.Miller & Shales, p. 14Miller & Shales, p.

Grace Woody was the associate professor emeritus and coordinator emeritus of Women's Physical Education. She completed thirty-seven years at Ball State, retiring in 1961, she had joined the faculty in 1924. John M. Shales was part of the Ball State faculty and retired in 1960 after thirty-one years. Woody/Shales has eight floors which are designated to female and male.

The solid hydrocarbon albertite occurs as veins filling fissures in some of the beds, and is derived from the hydrocarbons in the oil shales.

The Cerro de Águilas (English: "Eagles Hill") is a hill on the páramo consisting of alternating shales and sandstone formations of the Guadalupe Group.

The Cacho Formation consists of white, yellow and reddish fine to coarse cross-bedded sandstones in thick banks intercalated with reddish and grey shales.

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation are overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".

The Cheyair series of rocks in the Cudappah rock system of the Eastern Ghats, consisting largely of shales, is named after the Cheyyeru river.

Shales of the Bloomsburg Formation also occur in the watershed of the creek. Additionally, limestone of the Lower Helderberg Formation occurs near the creek.

The Eagle Ford community overlies rocks of the Eagle Ford Shale. The Eagle Ford shale consists of organic-rich, pyritic, and fossiliferous marine shales.

Didazoonidae is a family of Vetulicolian chordates containing the species Didazoon haoae and Pomatrum ventralis. Their fossils are from the Maotianshan shales Cambrian Lagerstätte.

Only high volume hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling is likely to enable commercial extraction of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, such as shale gas and light tight oil, in the United Kingdom. The areas where hydraulic fracturing are expected to be used are the Upper Bowland Shale of the Pennine Basin in Lancashire and Yorkshire, and the Jurassic oil-bearing shales of the Weald Basin in Hampshire, Surrey, Sussex and Kent. The national parks with geologies of possible interest are the North York Moors (shales), the Peak District (shales and coals), the South Downs (shale oil) and to the south of the Yorkshire Dales (shales and coals). The Eden Project in Cornwall is in the process of drilling and hydraulically fracturing two geothermal wells for utilisation of geothermal energy as a source for a geothermal power station.

The Whitesburg Formation is a dark limestone with interbedded shales geologic formation in Tennessee and Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

Shales had particularly harsh words for the film's two leads, O'Neal and Melato for, respectively, a one- note acting style and a weathered, scrawny appearance.

Two major Lagerstätten where redlichiids are found are the Emu Bay shales of Southern Australia and the Maotianshan shales near Chengjiang in China. Other regions include Morocco, Labrador, Canada, the western United States, and Bohemia, Czech Republic. The appendages have been preserved in a few specimens. They follow typical trilobite patterns in terms of the number, placement, and types of legs, antennae, gills, etc.

Tom Shales of the Washington Post wrote, "It might seem morally imperative at this point to condemn with indignation what this movie is trying to do—stir up gut-level reactions at a mob-baiting level. And yet, however one may feel about that goal, it would be hard to deny that the movie achieves it."Shales, Tom (October 2, 1974). "The Longest Yard".

Michelle Cronin (born February 12, 1987) is a Canadian former pair skater. With Brian Shales, she is the 2005 Canadian junior national champion and placed 7th at the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships. During their career, they trained at the Toronto Cricket Skating and Curling Club.Figure Skating Pairs Team Michelle Cronin and Brian Shales Look to 2010 - Figure Skating News Their partnership ended in December 2006.

The Katangan Supergroup is divided into four metasedimentary series, from the oldest siliclastic and dolomitic Roan Group conglomerates, sandstones, and shales, to Nguba Group of mostly carbonates and carbon-rich shales, to the youngest, upper most Kundelungu Group including glacial metasediments and a cap carbonate. The Katanga Supergroup correlates with rocks of the Makuti Group in other parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

In the Lake District, the Wenlock rocks are represented by the Brathay Flags, the lower part of the Coniston Flags series. In southern Scotland, their place is taken by the variable Riccarton Beds of Kirkcudbright shore, Dumfriesshire, Riccarton, and the Cheviots. In Lanarkshire, they are represented by sandstone in the form of greywackes and by shales. In the Pentland Hills, one finds mudstones, shales, and grits.

The Kentucky River Palisades is a cliff-lined entrenched meander. The meanders originally formed on the Lexington Peneplain. As sea-level lowered during the Quaternary Period, base level lowered and the meander-form river eroded downward into Ordovician-age limestones, shales, and dolomites in the Central Bluegrass Region. The Lexington Limestone, which covers most of this area, is composed of interbedded shales and thin limestones.

During this upper Jurassic period, the deposition of oolitc limestones, shales and carbonated cemented sandstones were deposited in the basin. The deposition of these sandstones creates ideal seismic reflectors to aid in the understanding of formations deep within the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. In the middle Kimmeridgian the deposition of the Egret source rock occurred. This source rock is composed of marls and organic rich laminated shales.

Cambrian rocks record successive marine transgression and regression events. Feldspar-rich red bed sandstones deposited in windy floodplains followed by layers of glauconite- rich marine sandstones and offshore siltstone. Black alum shales deposited in the mid-Cambrian in a nearly anoxic epeireic basin with limestone layers, rich in trilobite fossils. Condensed, shallow limestone succeeded the black shales in the Ordovician, with numerous graptolite fossils.

Sediments, brought by rivers from surrounding highlands, accumulated there; after being compressed, they produced the Albert oil shales of southern New Brunswick. Eventually, sea water from the Panthalassic Ocean invaded the basin, forming the Windsor Sea. Once this receded, conglomerates, sandstones, and shales accumulated. The rust colour of these was caused by the oxidation of iron in the beds between wet and dry periods.

After it does, and turns to the east, it flows over the Akron Formation, Bertie Group of dolomitic shales, and the Salina Group. The latter is diverse, including evaporites such as halite and gypsum in addition to its limestones and shales. In the lower section of the creek there is significant groundwater entering the creek. As it discharges, it weathers the gypsum and limestone.

The center portion consists of interbedded sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, with minor carbonaceous shales. At the top are the interbedded coal seams, carbonaceous shales and mudstones of the Taber coal zone. The basal sandstones, which are commonly referred to as the Basal Belly River Sand, are a significant hydrocarbon reservoir in some parts of Alberta. The Foremost Formation outcrops along the Milk, Oldman and Bow Rivers.

The Anzhu Islands consist of a highly faulted and folded assemblage of Ordovician to Devonian limestones, dolomites, sandstones, shales, volcanoclastic strata, and igneous rocks; upper Paleozoic to Triassic sandstones and shales; Jurassic to lower Cretaceous turbidites; and upper Cretaceous to Pliocene sandstones and shales. The De Long Islands consist of early Paleozoic, middle Paleozoic, Cretaceous, and Neogene sedimentary and igneous (mostly basalt) rocks. These sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks are mantled by loose Pleistocene and Holocene sediments that range in thickness from a fraction of a meter to about .V. K. Dorofeev, M. G. Blagoveshchensky, A. N. Smirnov, and V. I. Ushakov, 1999, New Siberian Islands.

For a dim spot to occur, the shale has to have a lower acoustic impedance than both the water sand and the oil/gas sand, which is the opposite situation required for a bright spot to occur. This is possible because compaction causes the acoustic impedances of sands and shales to increase with age and depth but it does not happen uniformly – younger shales have a higher acoustic impedance than younger sands, but this reverses at depth, with older shales having a lower acoustic impedance than older sands.Brown, Alistar. R., (2010), “Dim Spots in Seismic Images as Hydrocarbon Indicators”, AAPG Search and Discovery Article #40514.

The Late Jurassic through the Cretaceous left marl and ammonite fossils, from an open sea environment, followed by shales and belemnite fossils from an epicontinental sea.

25 The limestones, mudstones, shales and sandstones of the formation, deposited in a shallow marine environment, have provided fossils of early archosaurs, temnospondyls, fish and insects.

The crater contains a brecciated lens of granite fragments and particles of impact glass, overlain by shales, limestones and granite-derived sandstones of lower Cretaceous age.

The Hiló Formation with a measured thickness of , is characterised by a sequence of pyritic organic shales, limestones and siltstones, with sandstone banks intercalated in the formation.

The Early Pennsylvanian Morrow Formation underlies the Atoka Formation. The Morrow is an important reservoir consisting of clastic sediments, sandstones and shales, deposited in a deltaic environment.

Sandstones, micaceous clays and some limestones form Ordovician strata overly the Cambrian, containing trilobite and graptolite fossils. The Late Ordovician and the start of the Silurian is marked by a glaciation, recorded in tillite. Silurian strata is common in the central Anti-Atlas, represented by sandstones, shales and dark mudstones that sometimes contain carbonate nodules. Black shales in the eastern Anti-Atlas host some graptolites, lamellibranch and nautiloid fossils.

MTU Archives and Copper Country Historical collections, Michigan Technological University, Michigan. The copper at the mine was found in a bed of sandstone, and the underlying shale, also a few feet thick.Roland Duer Irving (1883) The copper-bearing rocks of Lake Superior, US Geological Survey, Monograph 5, p.221. These shales and sandstones were given the name Nonesuch shales and sandstones because they were rocks with very fine copper in them.

Red, brown and green colors are indicative of ferric oxide (hematite – reds), iron hydroxide (goethite – browns and limonite – yellow), or micaceous minerals (chlorite, biotite and illite – greens). Clays are the major constituent of shales and other mudrocks. The clay minerals represented are largely kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite. Clay minerals of Late Tertiary mudstones are expandable smectites whereas in older rocks especially in mid- to early Paleozoic shales illites predominate.

The transformation of smectite to illite produces silica, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron and water. These released elements form authigenic quartz, chert, calcite, dolomite, ankerite, hematite and albite, all trace to minor (except quartz) minerals found in shales and other mudrocks. Shales and mudrocks contain roughly 95 percent of the organic matter in all sedimentary rocks. However, this amounts to less than one percent by mass in an average shale.

The Claerwen Group is a Silurian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in mid Wales. The name is derived from Claerwen in Powys where the strata are exposed. The Group comprises the Rhayader Mudstones Formation and the underlying Derwenlas Formation which outcrop across the region. The rocks of the Rhayader Mudstone Formation have variously been known as the Rhayader Pale Shales, Rhayader Pale Shales Formation and Cwmsymlog Formation.

Lower Toarcian (Upper Liassic) black shales of the Central European epicontinental basin: a sequence stratigraphic case study from the SW-German Posidonia Shale. SEPM Special Publication No. 82, 165–189. Studies of the shales have shown that the rise and fall of the sea level was one of the main effect of change on the Chemofacies present on the Posidonia. Posterior changes set environments for Chlorobiaceae and antiestuarine deposition.

Flysch consists of repeated sedimentary cycles with upwards fining of the sediments. There are sometimes coarse conglomerates or breccias at the bottom of each cycle, which gradually evolve upwards into sandstone and shale/mudstone. Flysch typically consists of a sequence of shales rhythmically interbedded with thin, hard, graywacke-like sandstones. Typically the shales do not contain many fossils, while the coarser sandstones often have fractions of micas and glauconite.

The Trincheras Formation (, Kitr) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consisting of a lower unit of calcareous shales and an upper sequence of shales dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Early Aptian epoch and has a maximum thickness of . The formation, deposited in a marine platform environment, part of a transgressive cycle, hosts ammonite, bryozoan, mollusc and echinoid fossils.

The field, operated from Wytch Farm, produces a high- quality oil and has the world's oldest continuously pumping well at Kimmeridge, which has been in use since the early 1960s.Cullingford (p.122) The source of this oil is the organic-rich shales found in the lower lias. Landslides along the coast have been known to ignite these shales causing cliff fires, the most recent of which occurred in 2000.

At its type locality the marine Canaveilles Group reaches a thickness of 3000 meters, otherwise its thickness varies between 2000 and 4000 meters. On Mount Canigou the group's base overlies leptynitic, so-called “transitional gneisses” with underlying augen gneisses. The group's age reaches back to the Ediacarian, to about 580 million years. Essentially the group consists of shales (with subordinate black shales) and greywackes, intercalated are carbonates and rhyodacites.

Drilling boreholes through the Hamilton Group shales in the subsurface can be problematic. The Marcellus has a relatively low density, and these shales may not be chemically compatible with some drilling fluids. The shale is relatively fragile, and may fracture under pressure, causing a problem in circulating the drilling fluid back up through the borehole known as lost circulation. The formation may also be under-pressurized, further complicating the drilling process.

This means that there is normally no communication between the Statfjord formation and the Brent Group reservoirs. The Statfjord formation consists of massive sandstones. The lower boundary is taken at the transition from red continental shales of the Lunde formation to the overlying sandstones. The top of the unit, which consists of calcareous sandstones, shows a relatively sharp transition to the dark shales and siltstones of the overlying Dunlin group.

Buttermilk Falls divides Oatka Creek into two distinct geological regions. The upper stream's bedrock is local sedimentary rock formations, with the shales and sandstones of the Sonyea Group, shale-limestone Genesee Group and Tully Limestone dominating from the headwaters to Pavilion. Between there and Le Roy the shales and thin limestones of the Hamilton Group underlie the creek.Dowling, C.B. et al; ; Oatka Creek Watershed Committee, December 2001, 12.

The Westbury Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils of Holcoptera schlotheimi, Saurichthys acuminatus, Coleopteron sp. and Liassophlebia sp. dating back to the Rhaetian period.

Forty years after the broadcast, television critic Tom Shales recalled the broadcast as both "a landmark in television" and "a milestone in the cultural life of the '50s".

Sembar is overlain by Goru Formation. Goru is subdivided into Lower and Upper Goru. Lower Goru is sandy onshore and a proven reservoir. Offshore, however, it shales out.

The source of the hydrocarbons in the Columbus basin is believed to be the shales of the Miocene Lower Cruse Formation and possibly those of the Upper Cretaceous.

In a critical review for The Washington Post, Tom Shales wrote that the film "is beyond reprehensible as a piece of entertainment" and called it a "sorry charade".

Shales was born in Elgin, Illinois, the son of Hulda Louise (née Reko) and Clyde LeRoy Shales. Shales's first professional job was with radio station WRMN/WRMN-FM in Elgin at the age of 18. He served on the station's disc jockey, local news reporter, writer and announcer, on both the AM and FM bands. He later worked with Voice of America as a producer of broadcasts to the Far East. Shales graduated from American University in Washington, D.C., where he was editor-in-chief of the student newspaper, The Eagle, for the 1966–1967 academic year,American University Library – History of The Eagle as well as the paper's movie critic. Shales worked as entertainment editor at the Washington Examiner from 1968 to 1971. He joined The Washington Post as a writer in the Style section in 1972, was named chief television critic in July 1977, and was appointed TV editor in June 1979. The Washington Post Writers Group syndicated his column since 1979.

The petroleum generated from these shales has migrated to deep-water turbidites and submarine fans generated in the Paleogene. These reservoir sands range from 50–150 meters in thickness.

The thickest section of the Powder River Basin is composed of Cretaceous rocks, an overall regressive sequence of mostly marine shales and sandstones deposited in the Western Interior Seaway.

Both of these anticlinal traps produce from Tertiary sandstones within the Churro and Chuspas Groups. The third trap is stratigraphical with the La Luna limestone sealed by overlying shales.

The Ypresian age begins during the throes of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The Fur Formation in Denmark and the Messel shales in Germany are from this age.

The exposed rocks are Silurian period siltstones from some 420 million years ago and form part of the Pterinea Beds of the Wilsonia Shales Formation in the Ludlow Group.

The term has also been adopted at Slieve Anierin in northwest Ireland, describing the series of shales, grits, and coal seams, occurring from the base of the Namurian upwards.

Although the eastern shales had a lower oil yield than the western shales, they had the advantages of better infrastructure, abundant water supply, and proximity to markets. At the beginning of 1923, a retort was reported to be making test runs on local Sunbury Shale in Pike County, Ohio, and another southern Ohio oil shale retort was being planned.Victor C. Anderson, “Oil shale: a resume for 1922,” Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, Jan. 1923, v.

General composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic matrix, bitumens, and kerogen. While the bitumen portion of oil shales is soluble in carbon disulfide, kerogen portion is insoluble in carbon disulfide and may contain iron, vanadium, nickel, molybdenum, and uranium. Oil shale contains a lower percentage of organic matter than coal. In commercial grades of oil shale the ratio of organic matter to mineral matter lies approximately between 0.75:5 and 1.5:5.

Cuadrilla has two subsidiaries in the Netherlands, Cuadrilla Hardenberg BV and Cuadrilla Brabant BV, for shale gas exploration: 27. The company has previously held two licenses. The one in Noordoostpolder, which covers an area of over 200,000 acres, is composed of Namurian shales. The Noord Brabant licence, which covers more than 470,000 acres, is made up of Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic shales which are thought to contain tight gas, shale gas, and oil shale.

The upper Devonian shales of the Appalachian Basin, which are known by different names in different areas have produced gas since the early 20th century. The main producing area straddles the state lines of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, but extends through central Ohio and along Lake Erie into the panhandle of Pennsylvania. More than 20,000 wells produce gas from Devonian shales in the basin. The wells are commonly 3,000 to deep.

This horse–shoe shaped valley is surrounded by hills and there are several pathways to reach the villages located inside the valley. The rocks are mostly by the Archaean era which are nearly 2500 million years and comprised with Granite gneiss, green schists, basic rocks, quartz with Gondwana sediments including conglomerate sandstone, shales and carbonaceous shales. The composite carbon on the rocks called Shilajit is also found on few patches in upper zones.

Dietz, Robert S. and John C. Holden, 1966, Miogeoclines (Miogeosynclines) in Space and Time, Journal of Geology, Vol. 74, No. 5, Part 1 (Sep., 1966), pp. 566-583 Clastic wedges are often separated into one of two distinct types: flysch, mostly dark shales that originate from moderate to deep marine water; and molasse, which is composed mainly of red sandstones, conglomerates and shales that were deposited in terrestrial or shallow marine environments.

These sandstones are up to 400 m in thickness, form an important reservoir in the Gulf of Suez and are known informally as the 'Nubian' sandstone. The upper Cretaceous sequence consists of shallow marine deposits that generally thicken northwards. The Cenomanian Raha Formation, a sequence of interbedded shales limestones and sandstone, is succeeded by limestones of the Turonian Wata Formation. This is overlain by sandstones and shales of the Coniacian-Santonian age Matullah Formation.

The bedrock at the park consists of the Devonian Brallier Formation, Harrell Formation, Mahantango Formation, and Marcellus Formation. These formations are all dominantly shales and siltstones, which dip to the southeast at approximately 20-30 degrees. The park lies at the southern end of Chestnut Ridge, which is a broad, doubly plunging anticline. Some of the shales (probably the Harrell Formation) outcrop along the shores of the lake, particularly the southern shore near the dam.

In the type area, the Deadwood Formation consists of a basal conglomerate and buff sandstones, overlain a sequence of by grey-green shales, carbonate rocks, and glauconitic quartzose sandstones. Skolithos borings are present in some units. The Deadwood conglomerates contained significant quantities of gold in the Black Hills. In Saskatchewan the Deadwood consists of fine to very coarse, commonly glauconitic, micaceous, feldspathic, slightly argillaceous and calcareous quartzose sandstones, with minor shales and conglomerates.

Variegated bed remnants occur in crestal sections of many northern structures, such as in wells B-1-65 and C-1-80. Above the transgressive sequence are Late Cretaceous shales with tight, micritic carbonate, marking the top of the Mesozoic. These shales thicken into troughs, providing the field's sole source rock. The youngest fauna are Maastrichtian, with an apparent disconformity between the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene, marked by high levels of gamma radiation on logs.

The late Hirnantian experienced a dramatic increase in the abundance of black shales. Coinciding with the retreat of the Hirnantian glaciation, black shale expands out of isolated basins to become the dominant oceanic sediment at all latitudes and depths. The worldwide distribution of black shales in the late Hirnantian is indicative of a global anoxic event. Molybdenum, uranium, and neodymium isotope excursions found in many different regions also correspond to widespread anoxia.

This fossil shared many of the same characteristics as the sandy shales where Silurian graptolites are also found. This fact alone gave Helen the idea that these Tentaculites shales came from the Silurian age, which dates 443 million years ago. In the early 1950s, she assisted collecting samples for George C. Hardin's Babb Fault System, Crittenden and Livingston Counties. From 1960 to the time of her death, Helen Duncan represented various committees around the world.

Miller & Shales, p. 11 The group then had to search for property to set up their headquarters. They originally began looking for land in Plainville, however, due to an ordinance that prohibited satellite dishes, ESP could not settle there.Miller & Shales, p. 13 Instead, they chose to buy a parcel of land for $18,000 in Bristol that had been built on a dump; the satellite signal was unaffected in the area, making it an ideal location.

The formation is a nonmarine coal-bearing formation composed mostly of sandstone and shale with minor siltstone. The shales are brownish gray in color, and the sandstones are discontinuous beds of very pale orange to light brown poorly sorted grains that usually show steep crossbedding. The sandstones are interpreted as channel or splay deposits in a fluvial environment. The shales include thin lenses of bituminous coal, including tonsteins (distinctive thin ash beds).

The shales of the Glenogle Formation are known for their fossil graptolites such as Didymograptus. Their age range of Arenigian to early Caradocian has been determined from graptolite index fossils.

The cap at the Eastern end of Lion Island is composed of Hawkesbury Sandstone. The shores of the island are composed of the older Narrabeen Group of sandstones and shales.

The geology of the site mainly is composed of alternating mudstones, shales and siltstones and is of very high national importance in the study of Upper Carboniferous rocks within Britain.

It occurs interbedded with oil shales or marls (Green River Formation, US) and in boron- bearing evaporite deposits (California, US); rarely in vugs in phonolite (Point of Rocks, New Mexico).

To the south and east, the shales grade into limestone and siltstone, and it becomes dolomitic in the Peace River arch. The Redknife formation contains common coral and brachiopod fossils.

Escosteguy, 2013, p.14 based on a type section exposed along the Limay River in the southern Neuquén Basin.Escosteguy, 2013, p.15 The Paso Flores Formation comprises conglomerates, sandstones and shales.

Black shales, which form in anoxic conditions, contain reduced free carbon along with ferrous iron (Fe2+) and sulfur (S2−). Pyrite and amorphous iron sulfide along with carbon produce the black coloration.

Fossils of K. zhangi were collected from the Emu Bay Shale of Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Remains of K. shui have been found at the Maotianshan Shales, Yunnan, South-West China.

Forbidden Love is a 1982 American TV film.Mimieux, The Older Woman: No Sign of Life in 'Forbidden Love' Insipid 'Forbidden Love' By Tom Shales. The Washington Post 18 Oct 1982: C1.

The main reservoir is of Upper Jurassic age, with a smaller amount of gas in the Middle Jurassic and the trapping structure is a large anticline, sealed by Upper Jurassic shales.

The third, the Bethelsdorp Member, resembles the Colchester in containing dark-grey shales and sandstone, and contains marine microfossils. The upper section of the member is overlain by mudstone and siltstone.

Outcrop of Ordovician kukersite oil shale, northern Estonia Lower Jurassic oil shale near Holzmaden, Germany Oil shale geology is a branch of geologic sciences which studies the formation and composition of oil shales–fine- grained sedimentary rocks containing significant amounts of kerogen, and belonging to the group of sapropel fuels. Oil shale formation takes place in a number of depositional settings and has considerable compositional variation. Oil shales can be classified by their composition (carbonate minerals such as calcite or detrital minerals such as quartz and clays) or by their depositional environment (large lakes, shallow marine, and lagoon/small lake settings). Much of the organic matter in oil shales is of algal origin, but may also include remains of vascular land plants.

10 ff Pennsylvanian rocks consist predominantly of alternating marine and non-marine shales and limestones with some sandstone, coal, chert and conglomerate. The Pennsylvanian was a time that the region that is now eastern Kansas stayed nearly at sea level. Between the transgression and regression of the seas, swamps and bogs formed, depositing dead vegetation and later, after burial under younger sediments, this dead vegetation formed into coal. Permian rocks predominantly consist of limestones, shales and evaporites.

The Hytort process is an above-ground shale oil extraction process developed by the Institute of Gas Technology. It is classified as a reactive fluid process, which produces shale oil by hydrogenation. The Hytort process has advantages when processing oil shales containing less hydrogen, such as the eastern United States Devonian oil shales. In this process, oil shale is processed at controlled heating rates in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, which allows a carbon conversion rate of around 80%.

Sandstones are dated on angiosperm pollen as younger than Albian, probably from the Late Cretaceous. After a lengthy hiatus, represented by unconformity and sandstone erosion, a transgressive sequence of red, green, and purple Anhydrite shales was laid. Variegated bed remnants occur in crestal sections of many northern structures, such as in wells B-1-65 and C-1-80. Above the transgressive sequence are Late Cretaceous shales with tight, micritic carbonate, marking the top of the Mesozoic.

And you know what else? It's funny." Likewise, The Washington Post critic Tom Shales strongly criticized "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe", but said the second episode was funny and included "cleverly intertwined" plot-lines. Shales said, "[It] suggests the show may be an attempt at satire and not just poopy humor ... Yes, it's still sick and still twisted, but somehow this episode at least appears to have some comic ingenuity behind it, whereas the first was just a smutfest.

Scout Moor is an upland moor of peat bog and heather in the South Pennines, reaching a maximum elevation of at its peak, Top of Leach. The underlying geology – a mixture of hard rock and soft shales – broadly belongs to the Lower Coal Measures. The rock and shales weather at different rates, giving the area a landscape of "steep escarpments separated by sloping shelves", although the main dome of the moor is flat and rounded.Sellers (1991) p. 12.

The biggest increase in thickness took place during the Miocene. Deeply weathered saprolite soils formed throughout the region, with small remnants found in New York City, the Adirondacks, and Catskills during highway construction. Rivers responsible for transporting sediment out of the region were significantly rechanneled or filled with sediments during the Pleistocene glaciations. The Erian River once downcut Middle Devonian shales, feeding into the Erie Basin while the Ontarian River eroded Ordovician shales into the Ontario Basin.

They found gas in the Cretaceous rocks, but not in commercial quantities. Exploration was halted in the late 1980s and early 1990s due to low global oil prices. In 2001 the U.S. Geological Survey published a report on the probability that gas would be found in the basin. It noted that the Albuquerque Basin, like other basins formed during the Laramide orogeny, contains a thick layer of coals, carbonaceous shales and marine shales from the Cretaceous era.

Sea level continued to rise throughout the Middle Cretaceous when the Tablazo and Salto limestones and Simití shales were deposited. The La Luna Formation represents a maximum flooding surface with deep marine deposits of limestone, chert, and shale. Sea level then began to fall, returning the environment to shallow marine with deposition of the Umir Formation of shales and sandstones. Finally, the Paleocene saw the deposition of the Lisama Formation, consisting of deltaic mudstones and sandstones.

The site contains significant exposures of clays, shales, limestones and bone-beds (Rhaetic time period). These would have been laid down some 200 million years ago in a shallow sea. The exposures in this area have been a source of research for some 150 years, notably the units called the Westbury Beds, the Cotham Beds and the Liostrea Beds. The site has two horizons of Landscape Marble and outcrops of conglomeratic bone-beds (in the Westbury shales).

Shales has published four books, including two he co-wrote with James Andrew Miller. In 2002, Shales and Miller published Live From New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live, which covers the history of the sketch-comedy variety show, and provides a behind-the-scenes look at its stars and production process. The book was re-released in 2015 to coincide with Saturday Night Live's 40th anniversary. The updated edition contained over 100 pages of new material.

Limestone has fissures and is soluble in water, therefore rivers have been able to carve deep, narrow valleys. The rivers then often find routes underground, creating cave systems. Millstone Grit is insoluble but porous, absorbing water which seeps through the grits, until it meets the less porous shales beneath, creating springs where it reaches the surface. The shales are friable and easily attacked by frost and form areas that are vulnerable to landslides, as on Mam Tor.

An illustration of shale gas compared to other types of gas deposits. Because shales ordinarily have insufficient permeability to allow significant fluid flow to a wellbore, most shales are not commercial sources of natural gas. Shale gas is one of a number of unconventional sources of natural gas; others include coalbed methane, tight sandstones, and methane hydrates. Shale gas areas are often known as resource playsDan Jarvie, "Worldwide shale resource plays," PDF file, NAPE Forum, 26 August 2008.

Writing in The Washington Post, Tom Shales said that the pilot's production was "more movielike than serieslike". The pilot's science-fiction plot elements were appreciated by New York magazine, which wrote favorably about the "millenarianism" of the show, including Brisco's use of a rocket to travel on railroad tracks. While Rod Dreher of the Washington Times liked the "nifty" Orb subplot, some critics responded negatively to the Orb. The Washington Posts Shales called the Orb "hokey supernatural bunk".

Miller & Shales, pp. 27–29 Evey promised Simmons that he would face little interference from Rasmussen, without Bill's knowledge, and Simmons agreed to become the network's first president – an appointment that was officially announced on July 18, 1979.Miller & Shales, p. 31 With the Rasmussens gradually being pushed out of the company, Evey and Simmons continued to move forward, hiring a broadcasting team that included Jim Simpson, George Grande, Bob Ley, Lee Leonard, Chris Berman and Dick Vitale.

Awgu is marked by extensive hills especially in the western flank and lowland in the eastern side. These hills have steep slopes and could attain an altitude of about 350–400 meters above sea level with mean slope angle of 15o and a modal class of 11o. The area is marked by shales, sandstones and escarpment. Awgu formation is composed of bluish and gray, well-bedded shales which are occasionally intercalated with calcareous sandstones and shelly limestone.

The rock formations are heavily folded sandstones and shales of the Table Mountain series. The coastline formation to the west of the river mouth is the Silurian Tchando formation, which is typically fine to coarse grained brown sandstone and shale, and inland and across the river to the east, mostly Ordovician Peninsula sandstone. Offshore formations may include Devonian Gydo shales and siltstones. Folding is roughly parallel to the coastline, and dip is frequently near vertical, even overfolded in places.

The deposition of oil shales resulted from abundant blue-green algae that thrived in the lakes. The oil shale that underlies almost in the eastern United States was formed in a marine depositional environment, very different from the Green River Basins. These deposits have also undergone commercialization attempts; they are also resources for natural gas and have been mined for low-grade oil shale. These oil shales were formed during the Late Devonian and Early Mississippian periods.

The most common type of rock is greywacke, followed by other types of sandstones and shales. Landslides and mass wasting are common in this region due to erosion as well as earthquakes.

The Charco Azul Formation comprises tuffaceous shales deposited in a deep marine environment The formation unconformably underlies the Armuelles Formation. The formation is correlated to the Jama and Canoa Formations of Ecuador.

Abundant fossils can be found in this coal. These coal seams supported the region's long history of coal mining. South of the Mira, fossils are also imbedded in the Cambrian sandstones and shales.

Pseudogygites is found in late Ordovician oil shales in New York, Ontario, and Southampton Island in the Canadian Arctic. Pseudogygites species are known from exposures of the Billings Shale and Blue Mountain formations.

Elm Coulee was key to later Bakken development because it combined horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing, and targeted the dolomitic middle Bakken member rather than the shales of the upper or lower Bakken.

The formation appears white due to weathering of pyrite (sulfide) at surface to sulfate (gypsum).Branch et al., 2007, p.467 This section is grading upward into dark carbonaceous, bluish-grey weathering shales.

Resistance to weathering is also very variable, with some extremely resistant quartzitic sandstone, and some very friable shales. As a result, there are areas with distinct ridges, often roughly parallel to the shoreline.

The succession is composed of Givetian limestones, which are separated by a thrust from a Frasnian – Famennian sequence of slates and limestones on top of dolerite and tuffs. These beds are adjacent to interbedded thin bands of shales, fine greenish tuffs, red crinoidal limestones, contorted coarse tuffs and red shales and shale limestone. Inshore, an intrusive albite dolerite sill rests on the tuffs. The next layer up comprises limestones in which fossils of the corals Macgeea, Thamnopora, and Alveolites have been found.

The (meta)sedimentary succession starts with the 2000 to 3000 m thick Canaveilles Group in the Ediacarian about 580 million years ago. Its sediments consist mainly of shales and greywackes with intercalated rhyolites and carbonates. Within the Cadí Thrust Sheet archeocyathid–bearing limestones developed during the Lower Cambrian. At the onset of the Middle Cambrian, the Canaveilles Group is replaced by the Jujols Group, a 2000 m thick flyschoid series comprising schists, shales, and siltstones interlayered with carbonates and quartzites.

The included volcanic rocks and the conglomerates hint at unsettled tectonic conditions, which are probably connected with an early stage of the Caledonian orogeny (Taconian Phase). During the Rhuddanian (Silurian) initially 20 m of quartzitic rocks, the Bar Quartzite, were deposited followed by 50 to 250 m of dark, graphitic, graptolite-bearing shales. The thickness of the shales can increase in the West to 850 m. They take up nearly the entire Silurian (Aeronian until Pridoli), documented by the graptolites.

The "Copper Coast" has evolved over the last 460 million years after it was formed by volcanic activity in the Ordovician period. The oldest felsic volcanic rocks have intrusive elements and are interspersed with shales. Sedimentary rocks from 370-360 Mya can be seen as reddish-brown conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and shales. After a wide gap in geological time, the next exposed sequences are from the Quaternary period, and consist of unconsolidated tills, boulder clays and deposits of sand and gravel.

The deepening of the rift is recorded by the lower Miocene Rudeis Formation. The lower part, consisting of marls and sandstones, is overlain by coarse sandstones and conglomerates reflecting a rapid increase in rift topography at that time. The Kareem Formation saw the first development of evaporites, indicating basin restriction, followed by open marine shales, as coarse clastic deposition began to reduce in the middle Miocene. Shales, anhydrite, halite and reefal limestones of the uppermost middle Miocene Belayim lie unconformably on the Kareem.

However, evidence of both Mesosaurus and Stereosternum fossils being found in the black shales of both formations suggest that Stereosternum did cross over the sea way and could have survived being in the deeper part of this ancient sea. These shales were probably deposited in deep waters, going to a maximum depth of within the sea.Oelofsen B.W. (1981). An anatomical and systematic study of the family Mesosauridae (Reptilia, Proganosauria) with special reference to its associated fauna and palaeoecological environment in the Whitehill sea.

The Whitehill Formation has been subdivided into two major subunits according to their weathering color in outcrops. The lower and thicker part consists mainly of bluish- to greenish-grey shales and mudstones, which grade upward into more light brownish, buff weathering, slightly coarser grained siltstones. This zone is conformably overlain by white weathering shales, with intermittent chert lenses and pyritic stringers; the latter rarely exceeding in thickness. The sedimentary structure is generally massive, however laminations do occur that resemble algal lamellae.

Some oil shales are suitable source for sulfur, ammonia, alumina, soda ash, and nahcolite which occur as shale oil extraction byproducts. Some oil shales can also be used for uranium and other rare chemical element production. During 1946-1952, a marine variety of Dictyonema shale was used for uranium production in Sillamäe, Estonia, and during 1950-1989 alum shale was used in Sweden for the same purpose. Oil shale gas can also be used as a substitute for natural gas.

The Freda Sandstone is a geologic formation in Michigan. It dates back to the Proterozoic. Lithologically, the Freda Sandstone is a lithic, red-brown, cyclic sequence of sandstones, mudstones and shales (conglomerates are rare).

The Hondita Formation is characterised by a sequence of sandy limestones and shales with calcareous concretions up to in diameter.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.24 The formation has provided fossils of Acanthoceras sp., Rhynchostreon sp.

Becky Cosford (born August 25, 1986) is a Canadian pair skater. With partner Brian Shales, she is the 2007 Ondrej Nepela Memorial silver medalist.Ondrej Nepela Memorial 2007 Pairs Result They teamed up in 2007.

Toarcian black shales in the Dutch Central Graben: record of energetic, variable depositional conditions during an oceanic anoxic event. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 82(2), 104–120.Röhl, H.-J., Schmid-Röhl, A., 2005.

The Quaternary and recent sedimentation of the Perth Basin is represented by thin, impermanent sand dune systems, biogenic limestones, sandstones and some shales deposited during the last ~20 million years and during ice ages.

The Keewatin ice encountered the Cretaceous limestones and shales of Manitoba and the Red River Valley, whereas the Patrician and Labradorian ice moved over iron-rich Pre-Cambrian crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield.

The main source rock for the gas at Groningen are coals and carbonaceous shales within the Westphalian coal measures sequence that lies unconformably beneath the Rotliegend. These sources are dominated by type III kerogen.

Beurlen, K. (1925). Einige Bemerkungen zur Sedimentation in dem Posidonienschiefer Holzmadens. Jahresberichte des oberrheinischen geologischen Vereins, neue Folge, 14, 298–302. Other elements of the Formation are the presence of Pyrites on the Black Shales.

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation are overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". Several fault lines pass through Turner including the inactive Acton Fault.

On Sunday 21 May 1885, Browne ordained as deacon the first deaf-mute Anglican clergyman, Richard Aslatt Pearce. Browne resigned his See in 1890 and died at Shales House near Bitterne on 18 December 1891.

The Tucumilla Formation is a Tremadocian geologic formation of southern Bolivia. The sandstones, shales and siltstones crop out in the José María Avilés and Eustaquio Méndez Provinces.Cuesta de Iscayachi at Fossilworks.orgCuesta de Erquis at Fossilworks.

In crystalline limestones and calc–silicate rocks they occur in small and usually inconspicuous grains mingled with the other components of the rock. Large, nearly idiomorphic crystals are sometimes found in argillaceous rocks (altered calcareous shales) that have suffered thermal metamorphism. In the Pyrenees there are extensive outcrops of limestone penetrated by igneous rocks described as ophites (varieties of diabase) and lherzolites (peridotites). At the contacts scapolite occurs in a great number of places, both in the limestones and in the calcareous shales that accompany them.

Hydraulic fracturing of shales goes back at least to 1965, when some operators in the Big Sandy gas field of eastern Kentucky and southern West Virginia started hydraulically fracturing the Ohio Shale and Cleveland Shale, using relatively small fracs. The frac jobs generally increased production, especially from lower-yielding wells.E. O. Ray, Shale development in eastern Kentucky, US Energy Research and Development Administration, 1976. In 1976, the United States government started the Eastern Gas Shales Project, which included numerous public-private hydraulic fracturing demonstration projects.

The Marcellus consists predominantly of black shale and a few limestone beds and concentrations of iron pyrite (FeS2) and siderite (FeCO3). Like most shales, it tends to split easily along the bedding plane, a property known as fissility. Lighter colored shales in the upper portion of the formation tend to split into small thin-edged fragments after exposure. These fragments may have rust stains from exposure of pyrite to air, and tiny gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) crystals from the reaction between pyrite and limestone particles.

The more organic-rich black shales can be bituminous, but are too old to contain bituminous coal formed from land plants. In petroleum geology, these black shales are an important source rock that filled conventional petroleum reservoirs in overlying formations, are an unconventional shale gas reservoir, and are an impermeable seal that traps underlying conventional natural gas reservoirs. To the west the formation may produce liquid petroleum; further north heating during deeper burial more than 240 million years ago cracked this oil into gas.

It includes various rock types including lithic sandstone, quartz sandstone, siltstones, claystones, conglomerate and shales, some of which have fossils of plants and fish. Partly in these rocks plants, fish and amphibious animals are petrified. The red and green shales of the Narrabeen Group are water-tight over the sandstone bodies and the shale of Bald Hill, which forms the top layer of the Narrabeen Group, forms a regional water-barrier layer. Over the Narrabeen Group, the younger stratigraphic formation of Hawkesbury sandstones accumulated.

Nonetheless, his comedic targets have included American politicians across the political spectrum. TV critic Tom Shales, author of the book Live from New York: The Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live, called Downey, and SNL, an "equal opportunity slasher" in political comedy. Some have called Downey more right- wing than his self-description, including Shales, who described him in 2002 as "a Republican" and "pretty conservative". In the Huffington Post, former SNL head writer Adam McKay called Downey "right wing" and an "Ann Coulter pal".

The Upper Gondwanas are further subdivided into the Taltung and Amile formations. The Taltung Formation is characterised by coarse-grained, volcaniclastic conglomerates, sandstones and silty shales. They were deposited by northwestward-flowing fluvial channels.Sakai, H. (1991).

In its lower , it has an average width of . The gradient of the creek is per . The rocks in the watershed of Lewis Creek mainly consist of Devonian sandstones, shales, and siltstones of the Catskill Formation.

Wenk, H.-R., Johnson, L.R., Ratschbacher, L. (2000). Pseudotachylites in the eastern Peninsular ranges of California. Tectonophysics 321, 253-277 His work quantifying preferred orientation and correlating crystal alignment in shales to seismic anisotropyWenk, H.-R.

The Wapiti Formation was deposited in inland fluvial and floodplain environments, with local areas of lacustrine sediments. The sandstones were deposited mainly in fluvial channel environments, with siltstones, carbonaceous shales and coals accumulating in overbank settings.

At Elm Coulee, the Middle Bakken is a dolomite sandwiched between the Upper and Lower Shales. The shales are very rich in organic material, and the oil generated from them expanded from the shales upon reaching thermal maturity, migrating into this Middle Bakken zone. The field is exploited via horizontal drilling technology by perforating the productive rocks parallel to the beds, rather than through a vertical well perpendicular to the relatively thin Bakken formation. At Elm Coulee Field, the Bakken is only about 45 feet (15 m) thick and lies at depths of 8,500 to 10,500 feet (2,600–3,200 m), but horizontal wells penetrate 3,000 to 10,000 feet (900–3,000 m) of the reservoir rock, a porous dolomite of Devonian age that probably originated as a large carbonate bank on the western flank of the basin.

Three units compose the Pinguicula Group, deep water shales, mid depth carbonates and intertidal carbonates, suggesting an ocean basin environment. Formation of the Pinguicula basin is thought to be related to Laurentia rifting from another unknown continent.

The Gehrener Schichten (German for Gehren Formation) is a geologic formation in Germany. The fluvial to lacustrine shales preserve fossils dating back to the Late Carboniferous period (Stephanian C in European stratigraphy or Gzhelian in international stratigraphy).

Jurassic tectonostratigraphy of the Austroalpine Domain. Journal of Alpine Geology 50: 1–152. Over the marls there is a series of dark shales that had intercalated siltstones, that mark the start of the main Krempachy Marl Formation.

The group comprises limestones and oolites and some sandstones and shales which reach a maximum thickness of 120m in the area. It is divided into a lower Skelgill Formation which is overlain by an upper Browgill Formation.

The parent geology is made up of the shales and sandstones of the Newport Formation of the Narrabeen Group. The derived soils are the moderately deep brown, red and gleyed colluvial podzols of the Watagan soil landscape.

The Favel Formation is present in the subsurface beneath the plains of southern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan, and can be seen in outcrop in river valleys along the Manitoba Escarpment and the Pasquia Hills. Its contact with the noncalcareous shales of the Ashville Formation is conformable to unconformable, depending on the location, and the formation is unconformably overlain by the noncalcareous shales of the Morden Formation. To the west it is equivalent to the Second White Speckled Shale of the Colorado Group, and the Vimy Member of the Blackstone Formation.

The formation evaluation gamma ray log is a record of the variation with depth of the natural radioactivity of earth materials in a wellbore. Measurement of natural emission of gamma rays in oil and gas wells are useful because shales and sandstones typically have different gamma ray levels. Shales and clays are responsible for most natural radioactivity, so gamma ray log often is a good indicator of such rocks. In addition, the log is also used for correlation between wells, for depth correlation between open and cased holes, and for depth correlation between logging runs.

Betty had initially enrolled in pre-med but switched her major to geology because she was inspired by Charles Decker, one of the founders of the "American Association of Petroleum Geologists" (AAPG). Throughout her career she was an active member of the “American Association of Petroleum Geologists” (AAPG). Continuing her studies, she attended University of Colorado, where she held a teaching fellowship, and research program focusing on micropaleontology and the relationship and correlation of cretaceous shales. Elliott's work with cretaceous shales helped foster a better understanding of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway.

Hydrocarbon source rocks in the Maracaibo Basin are Upper Cretaceous marine carbonate rocks (calcareous shales and argillaceous limestones) that make up the La Luna Formation of Cenomanian–Campanian age. Previous geochemical studies show that the La Luna Formation is the source of 98% of the total oil reserves found in the Maracaibo Basin. An additional 2% of the total oil reserve was derived from nonmarine coals and shales of the Paleocene Orocue Formation that are found in the southwestern part of the basin. Gonzalez de Juana et al.

A log of the natural radioactivity of the formation along the borehole, measured in API units, particularly useful for distinguishing between sands and shales in a siliclastic environment. This is because sandstones are usually nonradioactive quartz, whereas shales are naturally radioactive due to potassium isotopes in clays, and adsorbed uranium and thorium. In some rocks, and in particular in carbonate rocks, the contribution from uranium can be large and erratic, and can cause the carbonate to be mistaken for a shale. In this case, the carbonate gamma ray is a better indicator of shaliness.

Simple Stratigraphic Column for the Columbus Basin, Trinidad Most of the sediments within the Columbus basin are mainly sediments deposited in the paleo-Orinoco delta. These are thick Pleistocene to Pliocene deposits covering pre-Pliocene shales. The pre- Pliocene deposits, although not penetrated by wells in the basin, are thought to be Cretaceous marine facies deposited in self break extending west to east. A correlation of nearby onshore deposits supports the idea that the Miocene shales (maybe some Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene deposits) underlie the Pleistocene to Pliocene units.

"O'Connor, John J. (20 September 1982). 'The Royal Romance' on CBS, The New York Times Tom Shales' review for The Washington Post was a great deal less kind, disliking the fairytale nature of the movie. He called it a piece of "slack-jawed heraldic voyeurism incapable of, and apparently uninterested in, transforming remote news figures into believable mortals." Shales preferred the ABC movie, calling it "48 times better," and decrying Diana's representation as "something of a Pollyanna, or a Cinderella - a sweet innocent sprite upon whom a fairy godmother bestowed a few crucial wishes.

Lanner Gorge from the so-called "Lookout" point on the Makuleke side, one of the highest points in the Gorge. The uppermost rocks are gravels which are thought to be Cretaceous in age while the basal shales are thought to be Permian in age. The majority of the walls appear to be composed of Triassic and Jurassic aged sandstones formed under arid conditions. The Luvuvhu river has eroded through the sandstones and shales and formation is still active as is evidenced by the many collapsed boulders in the river bed.

The Maotianshan Shales are a series of Early Cambrian deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation, famous for their Konservat Lagerstätten, deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organisms or traces. The Maotianshan Shales form one of some forty Cambrian fossil locations worldwide exhibiting exquisite preservation of rarely preserved, non-mineralized soft tissue, comparable to the fossils of the Burgess Shale. They take their name from Maotianshan Hill () in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. The most famous assemblage of organisms are referred to as the Chengjiang biota for the multiple scattered fossil sites in Chengjiang.

A major advance in extracting oil from the Bakken came in 1995, when geologist Dick Findley realized that the dolomitic Middle member of the Bakken Formation was a better exploration target than the upper or lower members. Although the middle member held less oil in place than the organic shales both above and below, it was able to maintain open fractures more than the shales. Horizontal wells in the middle Bakken were used successfully to develop the Elm Coulee Field in Montana."New USGS Bakken assessment on its way", AAPG Explorer.

Lower House Stream Section is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Rhymney Valley, in Caerphilly County Borough, south Wales. The stream is just south of the Lower House Reservoir and is north of Rhymney. The geological interest of the site centres on the best exposure of the Middle Shales Formation, part of the South Wales Coalfield, in south Wales. The exposed sequence is just under thick, at the top is a layer of cross-bedded sandstone which overlies of shales and a thin layer of limestone.

This new completion technique made gas extraction widely economical in the Barnett Shale, and was later applied to other shales. George P. Mitchell has been called the "father of fracking" because of his role in applying it in shales. The first horizontal well in the Barnett Shale was drilled in 1991, but was not widely done in the Barnett until it was demonstrated that gas could be economically extracted from vertical wells in the Barnett. Between 2005 and 2010 the shale-gas industry in the United States grew by 45% a year.

Fossils of Pseudoosterella ubalaensis have been found in Valanginian to Berriasian black shales of the Murca Formation,Moreno, 1990, p.76 belonging to the Cáqueza Group, outcropping near Ubalá,Piraquive et al., 2011, p.207Dorado Galindo, 1990, p.

The brightly colored shales of the slope-forming Chinle Formation were laid down on top of this eroded surface. Petrified wood from the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle is sometimes found at the base of Chinle slopes.

The inference, based on field studies, is that the Nulato-Norton Bay region evolved during the Cretaceous period. It is seen in the form of old deposits of conglomerates, sandstone and shales in the middle of the basin.

The formation is the topmost of the Caradoc Series in North Wales, and the name refers to all the black shale beds in the area. In South Wales, the equivalent beds of shale are called the Dicranograptus Shales.

Aerial view from north east. Mount Ainslie is to the left. Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation from the Silurian period is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".

Sulawesi, Seram, Buru, Irian Jaya in eastern Indonesia have shales that were deposited in marine environments which may be more brittle and thus more suitable for fracking than the source rocks in western Indonesia which have higher clay content.

Critic Tom Shales, reviewing the show for the Washington Post, opined that "kids may be impressed" by the heroics and special effects, but the show lacked "adult appeal" and that the plot lines would "soon wear thinner than water".

These forests and woodlands are found on exposed ridges, clifftops, and south- and west-facing slopes. They occur at elevations between on often rocky ground. The underlying rock is acidic and sedimentary or metasedimentary (e.g., quartzites, sandstones and shales).

205 though in many parts of the Tremp Basin the formation is exposed and covered by alluvium. The formation comprises several different lithologies, as sandstones, shales, limestones, marls, lignites, gypsum beds, conglomerates and siltstones have been registered.Arribas et al.

The Hulcross Formation consists of dark grey to black shales and mudstones that were deposited in marine environments. The sediments coarsen upward and thin beds of siltstone and platy sandstone are present in the uppermost part. Sideritic ironstone concretions are common.

The Monteith Formation is the basal formation of the Minnes Group. It was deposited conformably over the marine shales of the Fernie Formation and is conformably overlain by the Beattie Peaks Formation. To the south it grades into the Nikanassin Formation.

Grain size varies from clay in shales and claystones; through silt in siltstones; sand in sandstones; and gravel, cobble, to boulder sized fragments in conglomerates and breccias. The Krumbein phi (φ) scale numerically orders these terms in a logarithmic size scale.

The basin started forming in the earliest Jurassic.Figari et al., 2015, p.142 It is composed of fluvial-lacustrine deposits, typically sandstones and shales with a saline paleolake carbonate evaporitic sequence of limestone in its lowest Las Chacritas Member. Researchgate.

Quartzites, shales and sandstones from the Cretaceous and Lower Cretaceous have been reported. Dykes have outcrops of trachytic andesite, dacite and rhyodacite. One of the faults in the dykes runs north to south, another east to west, in the sedimentary rocks.

The El Peñón Formation has at is type section a thickness of , and is characterised by a sequence of calcareous shales and siltstones. The middle part of the sequence contains gypsum.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.29 Fossils of the ammonites Cheloniceras sp.

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.

The shales are sparsely fossiliferous and contain some conodont elements, ostracods and brachiopod shells. The upper member consists of brown-weathering, medium- to thick-bedded, calcareous and dolomitic siltstones with subordinate silty limestones.Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol.

The Windermere consists primarily of coarse-grained feldspathic conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, with lesser amounts of pelitic shales, dolomites, and limestones. Mafic igneous rocks are present in some areas. In most areas the Windermere rocks are highly sheared, faulted, and metamorphosed.

The Itanhaém Formation is thick,Kiang Chang et al., 2008, p.32 and consists of dark grey shales, siltstones and light grey marls, ochre-brown calcisilts and subordinated sandstones. These facies change laterally into the coarse clastics of the Florianópolis Formation.

The Marambaia Formation is between thick,Kiang Chang et al., 2008, p.32 and consists of grey shales and light grey marls interbedded with fine-grained turbiditic sandstones. The Marambaia Formation is the deeper lateral equivalent of the Iguape Formation.

The Santos Formation is thick,Kiang Chang et al., 2008, p.32 and consists of reddish lithic conglomerates and sandstones, interbedded with grey shales and reddish clays. These facies are interbedded and change laterally into the Itajai-Açu and Juréia Formations.

He put forward a theory that porosity in shales was an index of pressure metamorphism liable to indicate the presence of oil, years before the approach was documented in the literature. He was awarded a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1937.

The NE-SW trending extensional faults that developed as a result of the convergent margin and loading provide pathways for the movement of the hydrocarbon from the Miocene shales to the fluvio-deltaic Orinoco Delta sands of the Pliocene-Pleistocene.

The sediments of this mountain range accumulated to the east and west, giving way to the formation of the Llanos, around the Mesozoic. The most important geological formations in the state are Palmarito; Caparo, with fossiliferous shales; and Sabaneta, with sandstone.

The nearby Maesbury Railway Cutting of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway exposes approximately 135 metres of strata representing the middle and upper Lower Limestone Shales and the basal Black Rock Limestone. Both formations are of early Carboniferous (Courceyan) age.

Trichodiadema calvatum is succulent plant of the genus Trichodiadema, native to the Western Cape Province, South Africa, where it is found in shales, in open rocky areas within Renosterveld vegetation. It occurs in the regions of Robertson, Montagu, Caledon and Swellendam.

Tom Shales of the Washington Post wrote "there is no point in listing the credits ... because no credit is due."Pearlman, Jeff (11 June 2010). Remembering Gary Coleman as The Kid From Left Field, Sports IllustratedShales, Tom (29 September 1979).

Mississippian sediments are absent either due to erosion or nondeposition. Marine shales were deposited in the center of the Delaware, Midland and Val Verde basins, while the basins' periphery saw the deposition of shallow marine, carbonate shelf and limestone sediments.

It is dominated by white quartz arenites, quartz pebble sandstones, carbonaceous shales and limestones with coral, mollusc and vertebrate fossils. In the upper part of the formation, an abrupt change of lithology from thick, coarse- grained quartzose sandstones to interbedded layers of black marine shales and fine-grained quartzose sandstones are observed. This is probably the contact between the Upper Amile Formation and the overlying Bhainskati Formation of the Tertiary Unit. The Amile Formation is dated to the Early Cretaceous to Early Paleocene, while the Bhainskati Formation is biostratigraphically dated as from the Middle to Late Eocene.

The Boulder Creek Formation is part of the Fort St. John Group. Originally described as a member of the Commotion Formation, the Boulder Creek was elevated to formational status along with the other members of the Commotion by D.F. Stott in 1982, who proposed that the term 'Commotion Formation' be abandoned. The Boulder Creek Formation conformably overlies the marine shales of the Hulcross Formation, and is conformably overlain by the marine shales of the Hasler Formation. It is equivalent to the Cadotte Member, and possibly the Paddy Member, of the Peace River Formation of the Peace River plains.

When James II mustered an army on Hounslow Heath in 1685, he appointed a certain John Shales as Commissary General of provisions, responsible for sourcing, storing and issuing food for the troops and forage for the horses. In addition he was to license and regulate sutlers, to procure wagons, carriages, horses and drivers when required for transport and to account for all payments to the Lord High Treasurer and the Paymaster-General of His Majesty's Forces. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Shales was reappointed Commissary-General (though he was subsequently accused of mismanagement and replaced).

The Po series overlies the Lipak series, and the Fenestella shales are interbedded within a sequence of quartzites and dark shales. In many places Carboniferous strata are overlaid by grey agglomeratic slates, believed to be of volcanic origin. Many genera of productids are found in the limestones of the Permo-Triassic, which has led to these rocks being referred to as "productus limestone". This limestone is of marine origin and is divided into three distinct lithostratigraphic units based on the productus chronology: the Late Permian Chideru, which contains many ammonites, the Late — Middle Permian Virgal, and the Middle Permian Amb unit.

It is characterized by its content of light fine-grained phosphatic xenocrysts, some of which is accumulated in bone beds. An uncommon feature of Jordanian oil shale is that the included foraminiferal shells are filled with bitumen instead of the usual calcite. In general Jordanian oil shales are of high quality, comparable to the western United States oil shale, although their sulfur content is usually higher. While the sulfur content of the most of oil shales in Jordan varies from 0.3 to 4.3%, the Jurf ed Darawish and the Sultani deposits have sulfur content of 8 and 10% respectively.

When described, Eorpidae was identified from a series of over thirty-five compression fossils in silty yellow to grayish shales recovered from southern fossil sites of the Ypresian age Okanagan highlands in Washington state and British Columbia. Both the McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, BC and the Falklands site, near Falkland, BC have sediments belonging to the Kamloops group shales. The Quilchena site outcrop near Quilchena, BC exposes shale of the Coldwater Formation, also a member formation of the Kamloops group. The southernmost fossils are from several outcrops of the Klondike Mountain Formation in Republic, Washington.

In Western and central New York, the uppermost member is the dark grey to black organic-rich Oatka Creek shale. Unlike the other Devonian shales in this region, the gray shale at the top of the Oatka Creek thickens gradually to the west, as well as the east, where it divides into the Cardiff member lying above the Chittenango member in central New York. Organic-rich, fissile, sooty black shales make up the Chittenango Member. At the base of the Chittenango, above the Bierne Member shale, lies the Halihan Hill Bed, a highly bioturbated bioclastic limestone.

A hydraulic fracturing operation at a Marcellus Shale well Hydraulic fracturing of shales goes back at least to 1965, when some operators in the Big Sandy gas field of eastern Kentucky and southern West Virginia started hydraulically fracturing the Ohio Shale and Cleveland Shale, using relatively small fracs. The frac jobs generally increased production, especially from lower-yielding wells.E. O. Ray, Shale development in eastern Kentucky, US Energy Research and Development Administration, 1976. From 1976 to 1992 the United States government funded the Eastern Gas Shales Project, a set of dozens of public-private hydro- fracturing pilot demonstration projects.

The thrust fault is exposed to the north of the city of Burlington, Vermont on the shores of Lake Champlain at Lone Rock Point. Here the Lower Cambrian Dunham Dolomite can be seen thrust on top of the Middle Ordovician Iberville shales.

Manganese deposits of Hungary. Economic Geology, 54(6), 1078-1094. The formation has a laminate Shale horizon associated with the Manganese Ores, with a transition of siliceous limestones and marls to black shales. Those are completed by the marl levels, composed by lithoclasts.

The Barstow Formation is a series of limestones, conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and shales exposed in the Mojave Desert near Barstow in San Bernardino County, California.Dibblee, T.W., Jr. (1967). Areal Geology of the Western Mojave Desert, California. Geological Survey Professional Paper no. 522.

The Fómeque Formation has a maximum thickness of , and is characterised by a sequence of pyritic organic shales, with limestones and sandstone banks intercalated in the formation. The Fómeque Formation contains high values of TOC.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.53 Fossils of Acarthohoplites sp.

This group contains the following formations in descending order: # Tilestones Formation, Downton Castle Sandstone formation (90 ft./27.7 m), # Ledbury Formation shales 270 ft./83 m), # Upper Ludlow sub-group formation (140 ft./43 m), # Aymestry Limestone Formation (up to 40 ft.

The Clearwater Formation consists of primarily of black and green shale, with some interbedded grey and green sandstone and siltstone, and ironstone concretions. To the southeast of Cold Lake it includes massive hydrocarbon-bearing, glauconitic salt-and-pepper sandstones with interbedded shales.

Cotton (op. cit.) also erected Tribe HARTSHILLINI within the Acontheinae to accommodate the highly derived genera Hartshillia Illing, 1916 ILLING, V. C. 1916. The paradoxidian fauna of a part of the Stockingford Shales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 71, 386-450.

Stratigraphy of Nias Basin The lowest and oldest sequence consists of rocks that date to around the late Eocene. These rocks include pyritic shales, dolomitic limestones, and calcareous mudstones. Above these rocks lie various volcanoclastic sandstones and claystones from the early Oligocene.

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain in places by Quaternary alluvium. This rock includes the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.

As the diatoms fell to the bottom of the lake, any plants or animals that had recently died were preserved by the diatom falls. Fine layers of clays and muds interspersed with layers of ash form "paper shales" holding beautifully-preserved fossils.

The tuff overlays shales and sandstones deposited during the Permian Period and limestone of Pennsylvanian age. The volcanic outflow varied in hardness; the Ancestral Puebloans broke up the firmer materials to use as bricks, while they carved out dwellings from the softer material.

The Seca Formation, part of the Ancón Group, conformably overlies the Socorro Formation and is overlain by the Punta Ancón Formation. The Seca Formation comprises grey to greenish shales deposited in a marine platform with submarine fans environment.Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.

One of its tributaries, the Ballagan Burn passes over the waterfall the Spout of Ballagan which shows 192 alternate strata of coloured shales and limestone (including pure alabaster). The Blane flows into the Endrick, which, in its turn, flows westward to Loch Lomond.

The relatively flat bottom of the valley contains soils formed from shales, sandstones, and conglomerates eroded from the surrounding hills of the Santa Susana Mountains to the north, which separate Simi Valley from the Santa Clara River Valley, and the Simi Hills.

Maesbury Railway Cutting between East Horrington and Gurney Slade is a Geological Conservation Review site because it exposes approximately of strata representing the middle and upper Lower Limestone Shales and the basal Black Rock Limestone. Both formations are of early Carboniferous (Courceyan) age.

The surface rocks consist mainly of Cretaceous sedimentary limestones, conglomerates, and sandy- limey- shales. There is some interbedded gypsum. These Cretaceous rocks are overlain in places by Neogene and Quaternary alluvial sediments with some volcanics. There is a mercury mine in the municipality.

Maotianoascus octonarius is an extinct species of stem-group ctenophore, known from the Chinese Maotianshan shales of Yunnan. It is dated to Cambrian Stage 3 and belongs to late Early Cambrian strata. The species is remarkable for its set of eight massive lobes.

The Whitehill Formation is time equivalent with the Pietermaritzburg Formation of the Waterberg Basin of southern Namibia.Werner, 2006, p.373 To the north in the Karoo Basin, the shales of the Whitehill Formation are laterally equivalent with the Vryheid Formation.Cole, 2014, p.

The high concentration of organic matter in the black shales of the Whitehill Formation make it an interesting target for shale gas exploration. The formation is considered the prime focus for potential shale gas prospects in the Southern Karoo.Geel et al., 2013, p.

This passive margin succession is present throughout the southwestern US and is up to thick. The ancestral Permian basin is characterized by weak crustal extension and low subsidence in which the Tobosa basin developed. The Tobosa basin contained shelf carbonates and shales.

Bibliography of Grim: 1934 - Petrology of the kaolin deposits near Anna, Illinois: Economic Geology, v. 29, p. 659-670. 1935 - Petrology of the Pennsylvanian shales and noncalcareous underclays associated with Illinois coals: American Ceramic Society Bulletin, v. 14, p. 113-119,129, 134,170-176.

The localities along the Jurassic Coast include a large range of important fossil zones. The Purbeck lagoonal limestones and the shales that are exposed in the cliffs of Worbarrow Tout contain dinosaur footprints and have abundant brackish water bivalves, gastropods and ostracods.

The Iscayachi Formation, in older literature also referred to as Guanacuno Formation, is an extensive Tremadocian geologic formation of western and southern Bolivia. The shales and sandstones were deposited in a shallow marine to pro-delta environment.Suárez Riglos et al., 2018, p.

The Pircancha Formation is a Floian to Dapingian geologic formation of southern Bolivia. The green mudstones, shales and sandstones were deposited in a shallow to open marine environment."Rincon", "Escuela Seccional de Puesto Grande" at Fossilworks.orgPircancha Fm., Tarija and Chilcayo at Fossilworks.

The Kirusillas Formation is a Homerian geologic formation of central Bolivia. The formation comprises black shales, overlies the Llallagua Formation and is overlain by the Pampa and Guayabillas Formations. The Kirusillas Formation is laterally equivalent to the Lipeón Formation.Veizaga Saavedra et al.

The limestones and shales of Mortimer Forest are around 400 million years old, making them round the Silurian/Ordivician age. Fossils are common in the Mortimer Forest, especially corals, trilobites and shells. This indicates that at one time the Mortimer Forest area was underwater.

The Santa Rosa Group is a geologic group in Belize and Guatemala. It contains the Chochal Formation.Santa Rosa Group in the Paleobiology Database The marine lithified, black, calcareous shales preserve fossils dating back to the Pennsylvanian to Kungurian stages of the Carboniferous and Permian periods.

"The Worst Saturday Night Live Host Ever, According To David Spade". CinemaBlend.Miller, James Andrew; Shales, Tom (October 6, 2015). Live From New York: The Complete, Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live as Told by Its Stars, Writers, and Guests. Back Bay Books. p. 386.

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". The higher parts of O'Connor in the west are different. Towards the south near Black Mountain is the Black Mountain Sandstone.

The Guavio Formation (, Kicg) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of conglomerates, shales and limestones, dates to the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods; Tithonian to Berriasian epochs and has a maximum thickness of .

The Rosablanca Formation is characterised by a sequence of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with a maximum thickness of in the Sogamoso River valley.Galvis & Valencia, 2009, p.17 Fossils of Diaulax rosablanca have been found in and named after the Rosablanca Formation.Gómez et al.

The site comprises a block of ancient broad-leaved woodland on Carboniferous limestone shales. There is an Old Red Sandstone outcrop to the west. There are various streams and flushes in the north-east of Swanpool Wood. The growth reflects the nature of the soils.

Late Carboniferous (300 Ma) The Ganigobis Formation is an extensive unit with a maximum thickness of evidenced in the Vreda borehole.Bangert et al., 2000, p.266 The conglomerates, sandstones, shales and tuff of the formation were deposited in a glacio-lacustrine to marine environment.

The Paris Basin was also mostly a Pelagic to open-shelf deposit, without a major abbysal sedimentation.Tissot, B., Califet-Debyser, Y., Deroo, G., & Oudin, J. L. (1971). Origin and evolution of hydrocarbons in early Toarcian shales, Paris Basin, France. AAPG Bulletin, 55(12), 2177-2193.

The Capotes Formation has a thickness at its type section of approximately , and is characterised by a sequence of organic rich calcareous shales with gypsum. Fossils of Douvilleiceras solitae, Neodeshayesites columbianus and Paracrioceras sp. have been found in the Capotes Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.

The Guaduas Formation consists mainly of shales with intercalated sandstone beds. The formation contains coalbeds that are widely explored in the area. Fossil remains of Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi, Berhamniphyllum sp. and Archaeopaliurus boyacensis have been found in coalbeds in Zipaquirá and Tasco, Boyacá.

The fossil bearing paper shales are intercalated with larger deposits of volcanic material.Harding, I. C., & Chant, L. S. (2000). Self-Sedimented Diatom Mats as Agents of Exceptional Fossil Preservation in the Oligocene Florissant Lake Beds, Colorado, United States. Geology (Boulder), 28(3), 195-198.

Some oil shales contain uranium, which may be recovered as a byproduct. Between 1946 and 1952, a marine type of Dictyonema shale was used for uranium production in Sillamäe, Estonia, and between 1950 and 1989 alum shale was used in Sweden for the same purpose.

This period began with minor uplift resulting in erosion after the Hibernia sandstone was deposited. After the uplift and erosion period, overlaying sandstanes, shales and limestones were deposited into the Hebron field. Subsidence and faulting continued to occur in the basin during this time.

Sidneyia is an extinct arthropod known from fossils found from the Early Cambrian-age Maotianshan Shales to the Mid Cambrian Burgess Shale formation of British Columbia. 144 specimens of Sidneyia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.27% of the community.

Amiskwia is a genus of large, soft-bodied animals known from fossils of the Middle Cambrian Lagerstätten both in the Burgess shale formation in British Columbia and the Maotianshan shales of Yunnan Province, China. It is interpreted as a member of the Gnathiferan total group.

One reach of the creek is a mid-sized coldwater stream. Another reach is a large freestone stream. Roaring Creek flows through rock formations consisting of sandstone and shale. Rocks in the watershed include claystones, conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and shales from the Devonian and Mississippian.

The park also protects a range of Aboriginal sites and extends the representation of rock art from the Sydney Basin in the National Park systems. The geology is mainly in the Hawksbury series of cross bedded quarts sandstone, conglomerates, and grey and red shales.

There are sandstone outcrops in the south and north of the range. Shales and schist are also present. In the southern side steep slopes made of granite and conglomerates can be seen. Limestone is present towards the eastern end close to the Dangrek Mountains.

The rock formations in the valley range from Ordovician shales and limestones to the Cambrian Warrior Formation, another sandstone. The limestones can form sinkholes.Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R. and others, compilers, (1980). Geologic Map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Map 1, scale 1:250,000.

Rock fragments in this are shales and cherts. The grains are very compacted and cemented by quartz. The Buntsandstein contains sandstone with large crystals from plutonic rocks as well as shale and chert fragments. They are cemented by quartz, feldspar and some carbonate matrix.

The Atoka Formation is a sequence of marine sandstones, siltstones, and shales, and may be as thick at 25,000 feet in the Ouachita Mountains. The formation is conformable with the Bloyd Shale in the Boston Mountains and the Johns Valley Formation in the Ouachita Mountains.

Miller & Shales, pp. 52–53 ESPN struggled financially during its early years. In 1980, Anheuser-Busch Vice President and Director of Marketing Michael Roarty persuaded his company to invest $1 million in ESPN. Anheuser- Busch gave an additional $5 million to the network in 1981.

Negerpynten (Negro Point) is a headland at Edgeøya, Svalbard. It is the southernmost point of Edgeøya, and has a length of about two kilometers. The rock consists of dark shales, and reaches 326 m.a.s.l. The bay Tjuvfjorden is located between Negerpynten and Kvalpynten further northwest.

Witpoort Formation black shales within the Eastern Cape often exhibit cyclical changes in composition, which likely reflect (potentially seasonal) fluctuations in water salinity. Water stratification within the estuarine lake frequently led to anoxic bottom waters, resulting in episodes of exceptional preservation. Witpoort Formation sediments were deeply buried due to continued basinal subsidence through the Carboniferous, and were subsequently metamorphosed during the massive Permian aged Cape Fold Belt orogenesis. Hundreds of millions of years of erosion and uplift brought the Waterloo Farm shales back up to near surface, they were exposed in 1985, in new road cuttings south of Makhanda/Grahamstown, during construction of a bypass road.

Bituminous Claystones are present in the Edge facies of the Sachrang Shale (="Unken Shales"), with green Clay march engagements. There is not clear separation between "Manganese Shale" and "Bituminous shale" in the main localities of the formation, because the Bituminous content fluctuates with the manganese contents, that is always high. The Unken Shales on the Bächental locality is layered on a major Silicate component of the 60% with a pronounced dominance of Illite, along with a significant amount of Montmorillonite. The presence of Quartz and Calcite is relative with other locations of the same region from also the Toarcian, while the Pyrite content is also consistently high.

The overlying Kundelungu Supergroup starts off with glacial sedimentary rocks from the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event followed by a cap of carbonates. The sediments in Katanga metamorphosed to greenschist and amphibolite grade during the Pan-African orogeny. Away from the mobile belts, the Congo Craton has large sedimentary rock formations leftover from the molasses areas associated with the different orogenies deep in the past, which include stromatolite and acritarch fossils. Some examples include the dolomitic shales, conglomerates, quartzites, siltstones and shales of the Mbuyi Mayi Supergroup in the southeast or the quartzites and carbonate assemblages of the Lindian Supergroup in the north, formed from stromatolites.

The Ludlow group is essentially shaly in character, except towards the top, where the beds become more sandy and pass gradually into the Old Red Sandstone. The Aymestry limestone, which is irregular in thickness, is sometimes absent, and where the underlying Wenlock limestones are absent the shales of the Ludlow group graduate, downwards into the Wenlock shales. In Wales the group is typically developed between namesake Ludlow and Aymestrey, and it occurs also in the detached Silurian areas between Dudley and the mouth of the Severn. In the Lake District the Silurian Coldwell beds, forming the upper part of the Coniston Flags, are the equivalents of the Lower Ludlow.

Royal Dutch Shell reported an EROEI of three to four in 2006 on its in situ development in the "Mahogany Research Project." The amount of oil that can be recovered during retorting varies with the oil shale and the technology used. About one sixth of the oil shales in the Green River Formation have a relatively high yield of of shale oil per ton of oil shale; about one third yield from per ton. (Ten US gal/ton is approximately 3.4 tons of oil per 100 tons of shale.) About half of the oil shales in the Green River Formation yield less than 10 US gal/ton.

Most of the depositional margins of the German realm were on Pelagic marine settings, where the oxygen was the object of different changes along the layers, due to climate conditions and sea current effects. Outside the Shales, there are other types of lithology present, such as the light grey marls of the Aschgraue and Blaugraue Mergel that occur at the base of the Posidonia Shale section, which are related to sea bottom environment with a large period of well and suitable oxygen conditions, reflected on the presence of organic matter. The Black Shales are the opposite, with anoxic bottom effect and a detailed negative effect on the biota.

Typically, key beds were created as the result of either instantaneous events or (geologically speaking) very short episodes of the widespread deposition of a specific types of sediment. As the result, key beds often can be used for both mapping and correlating sedimentary rocks and dating them. Volcanic ash beds (tonsteins and bentonite beds) and impact spherule beds, and specific megaturbidites are types of key beds created by instantaneous events. The widespread accumulation of distinctive sediments over a geologically short period of time have created key beds in the form of peat beds, coal beds, shell beds, marine bands, black shales in cyclothems, and oil shales.

These normal faults are part of a detachment that only reached the Upper Cretaceous to lower Miocene formations. As the paleo-Orinoco delta deposited sediments of clay and sand above these earlier formations, the sudden increased weight activated and increased the movement along these normal faults. Increase in sediment coupled with the low permeability of the Cretaceous shales underlying the paleo- Orinoco fluvio-deltaic sediments results in high hydrostatic pore fluid pressures within the Cretaceous shales which initiated their movement. As the Cretaceous shale underlies the Pliocene-Pleistocene sediment throughout the entire basin, the movement of shale and shale diapirs are widely common throughout the basin.

The underlying solid geology of the Rossendale fells is largely formed by the Lower coal measures comprising bedded sandstones, shales and mudstones. Rocks of the Millstone Grit series outcrop above the valley of the River Irwell and cap the hills. Musbury Tor is a perfect example of peneplanation leaving an almost isolated flat-topped hill where the harder Millstone Grit protects the softer underlying shales, leaving the distinctive sharp topography of edges and ledges characteristic of the uplands above the Irwell Valley. The other small- scale topographic variations such as the undulating hummocky landforms are generally due to the former workings and stone quarries.

Tom Shales of The Washington Post criticised the "sluggish pace" of the premiere, noting that the episode was only "brightened" by the dragon, though similar creatures were common in the genre and it "lacks personality as well as panache". Shales felt that the series took "the stuff of legend and imagination and makes it dry and commonplace". Den of Geek reviewer Mark Pickavance felt that the episode was "uneven and often very stilted", and failed at introducing both the characters and telling the story of the first meeting of Arthur and Merlin. He was displeased with the deviation from established mythology and the lapses in logic.

To the west, on the upper surface of the Escarpment, hummocky morainic ridges deposited by glacial ice form part of the Horseshoe Moraines physiographic region. To the southeast below the Escarpment, is a smooth glacial till plain partially bevelled by lacustrine action, which forms part of the South Slope and Peel Plain physiographic regions. The Town of Halton Hills is underlain by Ordovician shales of the Queenston Formation east of the Niagara Escarpment, and by Silurian dolomites of the Amabel Formation west of the Escarpment. The escarpment face exposes a complex succession of shales, sandstones, limestones and dolomites of the Clinton and Cataract Groups.

14, no. 6, p. 405-441. It consists of limestones, calcareous shales and mudstones, and siltstones, and can be subdivided into four informal members: a basal siltstone, overlain in turn by a putty-colored calcareous shale, a limestone and shale unit, and a massive, cliff-forming limestone.

The Pacho Formation (, Kslp) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consisting of alternating siltstones and shales with siderite concretions dates to the Middle Cretaceous period; Late Albian to Cenomanian epochs and has an approximate thickness of .

V-1 through V-13. According to the same study, the Austral (Argentine name) or Magallanes (Chilean name) basin under the southern Patagonian mainland and Tierra del Fuego may also have massive hydrocarbon reserves in early Cretaceous shales; see pp. V-23 and VII-17 in particular.

Myllokunmingiidae is a group of very early, jawless prehistoric fish (Agnathans) which lived during the Cambrian period. The Myllokunmingiids are the earliest known group of craniates. The group contains three genera, Haikouichthys, Myllokunmingia, and Zhongjianichthys. Their fossils have been found only in the Maotianshan Shales lagerstätte.

Since most shales are very friable and fissured, it is often difficult to cut shale core plug. Its edges break off easily. Thus the cutting sample method can only be used for hard, competent rocks. The cutting position of samples can be explained by the following diagram.

Blumer, M. (1950). Porphyrinfarbstoffe und Porphyrin‐Metallkomplexe in schweizerischen Bitumina. Geochemische Untersuchungen V. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 33(6), 1627-1637. The Posidonienschiefer was studied after the 60s focusing on some points bituminous shales, and the nature of them, due to the finds on the 30s-50s.

The Cacho Formation (, E1C, Tpc, Tec) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly sandstone formation with thin intercalated beds of shales dates to the Paleogene period; Middle to Late Paleocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of .

Pha Diao Dai ("Lonely Cliff") Limestone is present towards the eastern end close to the Dângrêk Mountains. Sandstone outcrops exist in the south and north of the park. Shales and schist are also present. In the south, steep slopes made of granite and conglomerates are seen.

The lower part of the formation is trachytic with abundant sanidine phenocrysts, melanite and pyroxene. The upper part contains sanidine, analcime, melanite and rock fragments. It is unconformably overlain by the shales of the Blackstone Formation that were deposited during a marine transgression in the Late Cretaceous.

Evidence from onshore in Easter Ross and offshore in the Inner Moray Firth shows that a series of isolated half-grabens were formed at this time filled with a mixture of coarse, often conglomeratic sediments, combined with organic-rich lacustrine shales, such as those exposed at Strathpeffer.

Pittosporum multiflorum, known as the orange thorn, is a shrub growing in eastern Australia. The dense foliage provides a habitat for small birds and animals. It grows on shales or volcanic soils, from Eden, New South Wales north to Queensland, usually in or near rainforest areas.

The Chichali Formation is an Early to "Middle Cretaceous" geologic formation in Pakistan. Plesiosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from its strata. The formation comprises laterites, glauconitic sandstones and carbonaceous green shales deposited on an outer ramp in the Nizampur Basin.Hashmi et al.

Alternating limestones, shales, and siltstones make up this member, indicating a lacustrine (lake) environment. # Youngest and thickest is the Piedra Parada Member, approximately thick in some sections. This member consists of alternating sandstones and siltstones from an ancient alluvial plain, with some swamp and paleosol deposits.

Chase said in an interview that he chose to do Foul Play so he could do "real acting" for the first time in his career instead of just doing "schtick".Shales, Tom. Live From New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live. Back Bay Books, 2003.

"Sea stacks" britannica.com The area is known geologically as the South Stack Formation. Its strata includes sandstones and interbedded shales which have been contorted by large folds and crumples. The folds can be seen in the seacliffs (best viewed from the steps leading down to the lighthouse).

The foundation of the reservoir is a steep-sided narrow canyon composed of siliceous sandstone and hard quartzites inter-bedded with softer shales, siltstones, and argillites. About east of the dam, a road cut has revealed a fault scarp on the southbound side with about of slippage.

Some areas had strong currents. In the Paleocene () dark black shales mark the lack of oxygen in stagnant water. From Thanetian to Oligocene () and through to the present day, calcareous and siliceous sediments are laid down. A strong deep water circulation started about and continues till now.

The quarry worked slate from the Nod Glas Formation which outcrops along the Conwy Valley. Through most of its length, the Nod Glas is black shale, but in the area around Dolwyddelan a syncline compressed the shales and it developed enough cleavage to be worked as slate.

The quarry worked slate from the Nod Glas Formation which outcrops along the Lledr Valley. Through most of its length, the Nod Glas is black shale, but in the area around Dolwyddelan a syncline compressed the shales and it developed enough cleavage to be worked as slate.

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which was characterized by a global rise in temperature and deposition of organic-rich shales in some shelf seas, shows many similarities to oceanic anoxic events. Typically, oceanic anoxic events lasted for less than a million years, before a full recovery.

The orogenic stretching continued also during the Permian and more basins were formed, mainly along the periphery of the Massif. The detrital sedimentary infill consisted mainly of continental red desert sandstones, siltstones and shales. Examples are the basins near Autun, Blanzy, Brive, Espalion, Moulins and Saint-Affrique.

The Panama Formation (Tp)Geologic Map, 1980 is a geologic formation in Panama. The formation consists of tuffaceousWoodring, 1957, p.12 sandstones, conglomerates, tuffaceous shales and algal and foraminifera-rich limestones, and preserves bivalve fossils of Leopecten gatunensis and Nodipecten sp. and dates back to the Late Oligocene period.

According to radiometric dating the BM diatremes were emplaced about 70 to 78 million years ago during the Campanian to Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous epoch. Microfossils from shales interbedded with kimberlite at some of the diatremes are consistent with a Late Cretaceous age (Late Albian to Maastrichtian).

The Quaternary Period began about and continues today. This is the period of advancing and retreating glaciers. The Rove region has multiple tilted layers of volcanic rocks and easily eroded shale. The more resistant diabase dikes and sills remained, while the softer shales were bulldozed away by the glaciers.

29–31Balchin, W. G. V. (1967) Cornwall. British Landscapes Through Maps. Sheffield: the Geographical Association Culm grassland on the formation's slates and shales is composed of purple moor grass and rush pasture. It is noted for a wide diversity of species, some extremely rare including the marsh fritillary butterfly.

The Capotes Formation (, Kic) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of calcareous black shales containing gypsum and ammonites and dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Early Albian epoch and has an approximate thickness at its type section of .

After production begins the parasequences act as separate drainage units with the flooding surfaces, which are overlain by shales or carbonate-cemented horizons, forming a barrier to vertical reservoir communications. Sequence stratigraphic principles have optimized production potential once reservoir scale architecture is identified and separate drainage units identified.

The hydrocarbon basins in Myanmar are mostly situated in the Central Myanmar Belt, e.g. Salin Basin, Chindwin Basin and Hukawng Basin over 1000 km. The formations that compose the hydrocarbon basins are sedimentary rocks of Eocene through mid-Mioceneand sealed with interbedded Oligocene and Miocene shales and clays.

The Blackstone Formation is a geologic formation of the Ipswich Coal Measures Group in southeastern Queensland, Australia, dating to the Carnian to Norian stages of the Late Triassic. The shales, siltstones, coal and tuffs were deposited in a lacustrine environment. The Blackstone Formation contains the Denmark Hill Insect Bed.

The crust is composed of sheeted dykes, pillow basalts and marine sediments. The sediments are composed of deep-water shales and radiolarite. The mantle parts of the lithosphere are made of harzburgite and dunite (both peridotites), with about 50 to 80% of the minerals now transformed into serpentinite.

The Roca Formation (or Roca Shale) is an early Permian geologic formation (Wolfcampian) with its exposure running north and south through Kansas and extending into Nebraska and Oklahoma, notably comprising varicolored black, brown, gray, green, red, and blue shales, mudstones, and limestone, some of which representing Permian paleosols.

The organic matter-rich shales are one of the main source rocks of the Santos Basin. This formation is correlative with the Coqueiros Formation in the Campos Basin. The age of the Itapema Formation is Barremian to Aptian. ;Barra Velha Formation The Barra Velha Formation is approximately thick.

The Santos Formation () is a geological formation of the Santos Basin offshore of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. The predominantly conglomeratic sandstone formation with interbedded shales dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Cenomanian-Maastrichtian epochs and has a maximum thickness of .

Petroleum has been produced from some of the dolomites in the Phosphoria Formation,Campbell, C.V. 1962. Depositional environments of Phosphoria Formation (Permian) in southeastern Bighorn basin, Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin 46(4): 478-503. and many of the Phosphoria shales are rich in organic matter and are petroleum source rocks.

However, presently, the rocks rich in organic hydrocarbons exist in three major geological systems: # The Paleozoic petroleum system. # The Jurassic petroleum system. # The Cretaceous petroleum system. Oil and gas are formed in a source rock (mostly shales), and then they migrate to the reservoir layer of rocks (carbonates).

The region is dominated by Mesozoic-to-Cretaceous aged rocks which make up an uplifted subduction zone accretionary wedge called the Franciscan Complex. This unit is made up of sandstones, shales, cherts, metagraywackes, melanges, as well as mafic volcanics, and is mostly metamorphosed to blueschist and eclogite facies.

Sweden was surrounded by countries at war and could not rely on imported oil. Instead domestic oil shales were heated to produce the needed petrol. About 250 aircrew were killed in crashes 1939-1945 according to statistics that were not disclosed during the war years but published afterwards.

University of Pittsburgh, Shales Gas Roundtable , p.56, Aug, 2013. One Duke University study reported that "Marcellus [Shale] wells produce significantly less wastewater per unit gas recovered (~35%) compared to conventional natural gas wells." In Colorado the volume of wastewater discharged to surface streams increased from 2008 to 2011.

The organic matter- rich shales are one of the main source rocks of the Santos Basin. This formation is correlative with the Coqueiros Formation in the Campos Basin. The age of the Itapema Formation is Barremian to Aptian. ;Barra Velha Formation The Barra Velha Formation is approximately thick.

This Asbian to Brigantian age formation varies from 45m to 80m thick and consists largely of sandstones and shales with lesser amounts of siltstone and limestone. From its top downwards, it is divided into the Corry, Sheena Shale, Glenkeel, Doobally Sandstone, Drummangarvagh, Lugasnaghta, Sraduffy, Larkfield and Tullyskeherny members.

The Blanca Massif is also Precambrian rock, while most of the rest of the Sangres is composed of younger Permian-Pennsylvanian (about 250-million- year-old) rock, a mix of sedimentary conglomerates, shales, and igneous intrusions. These sedimentary rocks originated as sediment eroded from the Ancestral Rocky Mountains.

In some fossil material, organic compounds may be preserved. Only the more stable amino acids tend to be preserved in very old fossils. In specimens of Atrypa reticularis from the Wenlock Shales (Lower Silurian), alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine, proline, valine, and aspartic acid have been found.

Achelousaurus would then also be the only Campanian ceratopsid known from more than one formation. Both animals occur right below the marine shales of the Bearpaw Formation, but due to longitudinal differences, TMP 2002.76.1 is about 500,000 years older than the Achelousaurus fossils from the Two Medicine Formation.

This was mainly derived from low grade metamorphic rocks of the Variscan basement. The sandstone from Valanginian is formed from windblown quartz grains. The source of the material was probably Jurassic sedimentary rocks (carbonates and shales). From Hauterivian to Albion ages the sandstones are more mixed with more feldspar.

One of the oldest known mosses is present (Muscites plumatus). Some species are common with the contemporary Lower Brown Limestone and Lower Oil Shales floras. The quarry is nationally important for research in the distribution of Lower Carboniferous plants. It provides early evolutionary information on mosses, lycopods and pteriodosperms.

Phylledestes is an extinct genus of butterfly from the Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado. It contains only one species, Phylledestes vorax, described from a fossil larva. Its family and superfamily placement is uncertain, though it has been proposed to belong to the family Noctuidae of the superfamily Noctuoidea.

The deposition of Supergroup 2 continued with the formation of sandstones containing brachiopod fossils, in the Cambrian and Ordovician, followed by Late Ordovician tillites, graptolite Silurian sandstones and shales, as well as Devonian shales with reef limestones. The Mauritanide Belt formed in an orogeny between 320 and 270 million years ago that is allochthonous, lying on top of the Reguibat Shield crystalline basement rocks and the sedimentary rocks of the Taoudeni Basin. The Mauritanide Belt was thrust on top of the Taoudeni Basin during the Hercynian orogeny, which also folded and fractured the edge of the basin. It is one of several West African fold belts along with the Bassarides and Rokelides.

The eastern third of Franconia is dominated by the Jurassic rocks of the Franconian Jura, with the dark shales of the Black Jura, the shales and ferruginous sandstones of the Brown Jura and, the weathering-resistant limestones and dolomitic rocks of the White Jura, which stand out from the landscape and form the actual ridge of the Franconian Jura itself. In the Jura, mostly siliciclastic sedimentary rocks formed in the Cretaceous have survived. The Mesozoic sediments have been deposited in largescale basin areas. During the Triassic, the Franconian part of these depressions was often part of the mainland, in the Jurassic it was covered for most of the time by a marginal sea of the western Tethys Ocean.

The Birch Mountain (BM) kimberlite field was discovered in 1998 and lies about north of Edmonton and northwest of Fort McMurray. It is part of the Northern Alberta kimberlite province, along with the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field and the Mountain Lake cluster. The BM diatremes are hosted in the marine shales and silty shales of the Late Cretaceous Smoky or La Biche Group, and they are thought to have been erupted in an open marine to near shore marine setting in the Western Interior Seaway. Unconsolidated Quaternary sediments that reach thicknesses of more than now cover the bedrock in the area, so the diatremes were located primarily by aeromagnetic surveys followed by drilling.

This portion of the unit includes calcareous sandstones and shales and sandstones with lenses of limestone, as well as come conglomerates. Gradually the sea deepened, resulting in the deposition of finer-grained sediments, although mixed in with the shales that resulted are coarser-grained sediments such as sandstones, indicating an alternating regime of deep and shallow water over the millions of years in which the Juncal Formation was laid down. Another peculiarity of the unit is that fossil foraminifers from very different depth environments are often mixed together; this has been interpreted as the result of turbidity currents and other submarine mass movements. Rip-up clasts and conglomerates which appear in the Juncal also support this interpretation.

San Francisco Chronicle's Tim Goodman lamented that "the original [episode] was funnier" than the one that aired. Tom Shales of Washington Post said that "the show needs a better premise and funnier dialogue". Despite this, Shales said that 30 Rock "is not a self-important bore like Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip", and praised Tracy Morgan's performance as Tracy Jordan. The New York Times' Alessandra Stanley praised Alec Baldwin's "slyly absurd comic presence that is bigger and brighter than any joke or character actor on the show", but mentioned that "Nothing very funny happens on 30 Rock until Alec Baldwin enters the room, and suddenly this new NBC sitcom comes alive".

The West African coast has several structural basins, along with counterparts along the South American margin, which formed during the Late Jurassic to Albian-Cenomanian rifting associated with the breakup of Gondwanaland.Pauken, R.J., 1992, Sanaga Sud Field, Offshore Cameroon, West Africa, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978-1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, During rifting, fluvial and marine clastic rocks plus evaporites were deposited. The Sanaga Sud Field, located in the Douala Basin, was discovered with the Sanaga Sud A-1 well in 1979, and produces from Lower Cretaceous shales and sands overlain by Upper Cretaceous shales. The gas-water contact shows up as a seismic amplitude event. .

Lake Nipigon occupies a basin created by repeated and preferential erosion of relatively flat-lying and faulted, Proterozoic sedimentary strata and igneous sills by repeated Pleistocene glaciations. The Sibley Group consists of about of unmetamorphosed Mesoproterozoic red beds that are typically flat-lying. These red beds consist of basal fluvial-lacustrine conglomerates, sandstones, and shales overlain by cyclic dolomite-siltstone layers, stromatolites and red mudstones, which represent a playa lake, sabkha, and mudflat environments; purple shales and siltstones interpreted as subaerial mudflat deposits; and an upper unit of cross-stratified sandstone beds, which are interpreted to be aeolian in origin. They accumulated in an intracratonic rift basin between 1450 and 1500 million years (Ma) ago.Rogala, B., 2003.

This process is called isochemical metamorphism, and can result in the production of a wide range of calc-silicate minerals that form in impure lithology units and along fluid boundaries where small-scale metasomatism occurs (argillite and limestone, and banded iron formation). The skarn deposits that are considered economically important for containing valuable metals are a result of large-scale metasomatism, where the composition of fluid controls the skarn and its ore mineralogy. They are relatively coarser grained and do not reflect the composition of protolith or surrounding rocks. Uncommon types of skarns are formed in contact with sulfidic or carbonaceous rocks such as black shales, graphite shales, banded iron formations and, occasionally, salt or evaporites.

The bedrock underlying Florenceville- Bristol at its oldest is part of the White Head Formation consisting of limestone and calcareous shales of Late Ordovician to Early Silurian in age. Later in history more sedimentary rocks were deposited forming the Smyrna Mills Formation during the Silurian, consisting of shales, limestones, and conglomerates. The range of mountains from North to South along the Eastern side of the Saint John River known as Carr Mountain, The Pinnacle, and Oakland Mountain (N to S) are also part of the Smyrna Mills Formation and consist of mafic volcanic flows (basalt) and tuff. Within these mountains there are also two gabbro tubes that are Early Devonian in age.

Retrieved April 30, 2009. Caryn James of The New York Times commented that the series "succeeds best in small touches" but "seems to have a future".James Caryn, "Cartoons About Children Feature Grown-Up Jokes", The New York Times (August 13, 1997). Retrieved April 30, 2009. In a generally negative review of the first three episodes of the series, Tom Shales of The Washington Post wrote that "Most of the alleged humor on the premiere is self-conscious and self-congratulatory in its vulgarity: flatulence jokes, repeated use of the word 'dildo' (in the literal as well as pejorative sense) and a general air of malicious unpleasantness."Tom Shales, "'South Park' Falls Flatulent", The Washington Post (August 13, 1997).

Retrieved February 13, 2011. He complimented the cast, stating that while Hatcher provides "the emotional core" of the series, "nearly everyone is intriguing in one way or another," and predicted that Eva Longoria would become the show's breakout star. However, Lowry noted that Desperate Housewives may be "a little too smart for its own good" and expressed concern over the series' "soapy elements." Tom Shales of The Washington Post praised the pilot, assessing, "In visual style, witty language, borderline surrealism and overall mad attitude, [the series] stands on a mountaintop all its own, the best new drama of the season and perhaps the best new comedy, too."Shales, Tom (October 3, 2004).

The rocks involved are generally sandstones and shales, with the shales (Bokkeveld Group) persisting in the valley floors while the erosion resistant sandstones (belonging to the Peninsula Formation) form the parallel ranges, the Cape Fold Mountains, which reach a maximum height of 2325 m at Seweweekspoortpiek ('Seven Weeks Defile Peak' in Afrikaans). The Cape Fold Mountains form a series of parallel ranges that run along the south-western and southern coastlines of South Africa for 850 km from the Cederberg 200 km to the north of the Cape Peninsula, and then along the south coast as far as Port Elizabeth, 650 km to the east (see the two maps one above the other on the right).

The glacigene origin of the Carboniferous sediments in the Seaham area was first recognised by Professor Edgeworth David in 1914. Subsequently, Sussmilch reported the occurrence of varved shales in the Seaham Quarry,Sussmich and David, 1920 which rapidly gained famed in Australia and internationally because of the perfection of preservation of the varves and the associated contorted beds exposed in them. David exhibited specimens of the varved shales in Honolulu in 1920 at the First Pan Pacific Science Congress, and three years later led a party of visiting scientists to the quarry on the occasion of the Second Pan Pacific Science Congress. In 1925 a signboard describing the phenomena exposed in the quarry was erected in the site.

Devonian examples of Quasillites, such as Q. lobatus, Q. obliquus, Q. subobliquus, and Q. angulatus, are known from shales and claystones in northern New York, Eastern Ohio, central Pennsylvania. L. E. Stover. 1956. Ostracoda from the Windom Shale (Hamilton) of Western New York. Journal of Paleontology. 30(5):1092-1142R.

The Perdrix Formation was deposited in a marine basin and consists primarily of black, bituminous shales. The upper portion includes nodules and thin nodular beds of argillaceous limestone that increase in frequency upwards and laterally toward the reefs of the Cairn Formation.Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol.

The Owen Creek Formation is present in the southern Canadian Rockies and is equivalent to the black shales Glenogle Formation to the west. It is also present in some areas of the central Rockies in northeastern British Columbia. It overlies the Skoki Formation, and unconformably underlies the Mount Wilson Formation.

The Albert Formation includes sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and oil shale, with minor limestone and conglomerate. The oil shale beds are primarily kerogen-rich calcareous to dolomitic marlstones, clay marlstones, and laminated marlstones.Macauley, G., Ball, F.D. and Powell, T.G. 1984. A review of the Carboniferous Albert Formation oil shales of New Brunswick.

The La Naveta Formation (, Kiln) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of a lower part of coraline limestones and an upper sequence of quartzitic sandstones with intercalated black shales and dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Hauterivian to Barremian epochs.

Medusas-Head euphorbias visible. The soils in this area are composed predominantly of hard, fertile clay that originates from the older shales of the Malmesbury Group. Like most of the Cape, this is a winter-rainfall area, and Peninsula Shale Renosterveld is the wettest type of Renosterveld vegetation that exists.

The shales interfinger with sandstones and in certain parts coal beds are found. In the eastern domain around the Doros crater, dark iron-oxide cements occur in the upper conglomerate horizons.Wanke, 2000, p.21 In virtually all lithological units, bones of the amphibious reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens can be encountered in concretions.

9, n. 4, p. 378-389 (the term meteoric water refers to water that originated as precipitation; most groundwater is meteoric in origin). High concentrations of sodium, chloride, and sulfates reflect the leaching and dissolution processes of gypsiferous shales and clay, in addition to a lengthy duration of water residence.

Knob Noster State Park and the Osage Plains are underlain by soft shales with sandstones and limestones of Mississippian to Pennsylvanian age. Some of the rocks prevalent in the Osage Plains are Mississippian limestone, limestone shale, Ordovician dolomite, and coal. There are also clay and shale within the Pennsylvanian bedrock.

More than two coal seams may be present at Sliabh an Iarainn, though the only rocks observable over the coal seams (in the millstone grit) are the lower coal measure containing black and brown splintery shales of a considerable thickness at Bencroy to the east and Barnameenagh to the west.

The Breakthrough Institute. Interview with Dan Steward, former Mitchell Energy Vice President. December 2011. According to the US Geological Survey: "It was not until development of the Barnett Shale play in the 1990s that a technique suitable for fracturing shales was developed"Laura R. H. Biewick, US Geological Survey, 2013.

The shale most commonly produced is the Chattanooga Shale, also called the Ohio Shale.Richard E. Peterson (1982) A Geologic Study of the Appalachian Basin, Gas Research Institute, p.40, 45. The US Geological Survey estimated a total resource of of natural gas in Devonian black shales from Kentucky to New York.

Basinal restriction, black shales, Re‐Os dating, and the Early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event. Paleoceanography, 23(4). Also, Posidonia Shale was present on abundant works relating the impact of the Anoxic event with another formations of same age.Berner, Z. A., Puchelt, H., Noeltner, T., & Kramar, U. T. Z. (2013).

To the north-east of the village the rocks are predominantly Bowland sandstones and shales, and to the south-east are largely massive limestones. The River Wharfe runs across the limestone, through an impressive gorge at Loup Scar. The mineral veins of the Bowland series have been exploited for lead ore.

South of Owerri the river flows through an alternating sequence of sands, sandstones and clay-shales. Random sand samples from the bank of Otamiri River between Chokocho and Umuanyaga, Etche Local Government Area, Rivers State showed that 86 percent of the sand particles are within the ideal range for glass making.

4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM. . Bioturbation by burrowing marine organisms is common and indicates that they were deposited in an oxygenated environment, closer to the paleocoastline than the lower black shales were.

Halitherium is an extinct dugongid sea cow that arose in the late Eocene, then became extinct during the early Oligocene. Its fossils are common in European shales. Inside its flippers were finger bones that did not stick out. Halitherium also had the residues of back legs, which did not show externally.

The Conejo Formation (, K2C, Kscn) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The uppermost unit of the Villeta Group, a sequence of shales and sandstones dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian, Coniacian and Santonian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of .

These basal deposits formed due to the transgressive event that expanded the relative lake level beyond the previous extension of the Crato Formation over the adjacent basement areas. During the Ipubi transgression, anoxic conditions influenced the formation of basal black shales with high levels of TOC.Fabin et al., 2018, p.

Pondfield Cove lies entirely within the Portland limestones, 150 million, and Purbeck Beds, 147 million years old. The sequence of Purbeck limestones and shales is clearly visible within the low neck of land between Worbarrow Tout and the mainland. This cliff face separates the cove from Worbarrow Bay to the north.

Chevron folding preferentially occurs when the bedding regularly alternates between contrasting competences. Turbidites, characterized by alternating high-competence sandstones and low- competence shales, provide the typical geological setting for chevron folds to occurs. Perpetuation of the fold structure is not geometrically limited. Given a proper stratigraphy, chevrons can persist almost indefinitely.

Fractured sample of the Macanal Formation The Macanal Formation has a maximum thickness of , and is characterised by a sequence of micaceous organic shales,Rodríguez & Solano, 2000, p.47 with calcite veins and gypsum occurrences intercalated in the formation. The Macanal Formation contains high values of TOC.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.

He was also elected to Sigma Xi in 1912.Brown Catalogue, p. 251. After graduating Buddington remained at Brown to earn a master of science degree in 1913, writing a master's thesis on fossiliferous Carboniferous shales that had recently been discovered on College Hill, on which Brown is situated.Brown University.

Sinoascus paillatus is an extinct species of stem-group ctenophore, known from the Maotianshan shales of Yunnan, China. It is dated to Cambrian Stage 3 and belongs to late Early Cambrian strata. Fossil specimens are poorly preserved, providing little details, if any at all, about the anatomy of the comb rows.

These are found near Foz do Douro, and Miranda do Douro. Above this are schists or shales with beds of turbidites or limestone interleaved. The stratigraphic sequence can be observed south west of Salamanca in the Tamames Syncline, and in the Montes de Toledo. These are followed by an unconformity.

The Lynx Group is composed alternating zones of carbonate rocks, most of which are dolomitic, and shales. It was deposited in shallow marine environments along the western margin of the North American Craton during Late Cambrian time.Aitken, J.D. 1966. Middle Cambrian to Middle Ordovician cyclic sedimentation, southern Rocky Mountains of Alberta.

Argillaceous minerals are minerals containing substantial amounts of clay-like components ( = clay). Argillaceous components are fine-grained (less than 2 μm) aluminosilicates, and more particularly clay minerals such as kaolinite, montmorillonite-smectite, illite, and chlorite. Claystone and shales are thus predominantly argillaceous. Argillaceous minerals may appear silvery upon optical reflection.

The archipelago consists predominantly of pre- Tertiary continental islands primarily of quartzites and shales covered by basaltic lava. Geologically, the islands are part of Sundaland. The islands have extensive fringing and patchy coral reefs. The best time to visit the islands is during the dry season, generally from April to October.

Great Brehat is located on a small bay, Great Brehat Bay, on the eastern side of the Great Northern Peninsula. Flat Point Lookout is located at the northern end of the bay. Brehat Point forms the southern boundary of the bay. The black shales in the area may yield precious metals.

The Nikanassin Formation grades from marine sediments at the base to coastal and continental at the top. The sediments were derived from newly uplifted mountains to the west and deposited along the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway, which is represented by the marine shales of the Fernie Formation.

The Zaza Formation is a geological formation located in Buryatia (Russia). It dates to the Lower Cretaceous period. It is Aptian in age and consists of sandstones, siltstones, marls and bituminous shales, deposited in a stratified lake. It is situated on a large granite plateau in the NE of Buryatia.

The Cancañiri Formation, also named as Cancañiri Tillite, is a Katian to Hirnantian geologic formation of central Bolivia. The pebbly, argillaceous sandstones, shales and siltstones of the up to thick formation,Díaz Martínez, 2005, p.237 were deposited in a glacial foreshore to deep water turbiditic environment.Díaz Martínez, 1997, p.

The Oscar Range is a small, low mountain range in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is approximately 40 km long and 6–8 km wide. The range sits on the edge of the Lennard Shelf. It consists of precambrian metamorphic quartzites and shales folded to produce a trellis type drainage system.

The taphonomic fate of isorenieratene in Lower Jurassic shales—controlled by iron?. Geobiology, 16(3), 237-251. Rhodochrosite and maganese rich calcite are present in the manganese levels, while the Black Shale levels are rich in Pirite. The lower matrix is composed by clay and carbonate minerals, such as muscovite and feldspar.

Agrio Formation close to Pilmatué The Agrio Formation is primarily composed of pelitic rocks with intercalations of limestones, sandstones and rare fine conglomerates. The Pilmatué and Agua de la Mula Members are characterized by thick successions of black shales with intercalating limestones and sandstones. The Avilé Member comprises sandstones and claystones with conglomerates.

The Southern Lowlands consist of Miocene and Pliocene sands, clays, and gravels. These overlie oil and natural gas deposits, especially north of the Los Bajos Fault. The Southern Range forms the third anticlinal uplift. The rocks consist of sandstones, shales, siltstones and clays formed in the Miocene and uplifted in the Pleistocene.

It is a subunit of the Sierra de Olte Group, close to the city Cerro Condor in the Chubut Province of northwestern Patagonia, in southern Argentina. The formation is composed primarily of fluvial sandstones alongside shales and volcanic tuffites The formation preserves fishes, crocodylomorphs and some dinosaur taxa, as well as conifers.

The Sierra del Sueve is calcareous. In the westernmost section, shales, limestone, and sandstone form smooth river valleys that contrast with the eastern section, which is dominated by quartzite. In the central section, the limestone range is the main relief. Sinkhole karst are a dominant geomorphological feature in the Sierra del Sueve.

"This woman was a trainwreck," said then NBC President and CEO Fred Silverman in the Shales book. "The shows were just not watchable." The show's new logo, used only for this season, featured the words "Saturday Night Live" in a pink graffiti text; it was accompanied in the 1980-aired episodes with "'80".

In the Girvan area are the Blair and Straiton Beds. In Ireland, there is more rock of Wenlock age. In the Dingle Peninsula one finds the Ferriters Cove Beds, a thick series of shales, slates, and sandstones with lavas and tuffs. In County Tipperary and County Mayo are the Mweelrea Beds and others.

Silurian calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". Greywacke from the Ordovician age Pittman Formation is in the north west.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.

Emulsifiers are important to oil-based mud due to the likelihood of contamination. The water phase of oil-based mud can be freshwater, or a solution of sodium or calcium chloride. The external phase is oil and does not allow the water to contact the formation. The shales don't become water wet.

The Florianópolis Formation () is a geological formation of the Santos Basin offshore of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. The predominantly sandstone formation with interbedded shales and siltstones dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Albian epoch and has a thickness in the type oil well of .

In the proximal sections, the formation comprises limestones of stromatolites and laminated microbialites. In the distal sections, it is composed of shales. Interbedded with the laminated microbialites there are limestones with packstone and grainstone textures made up of algal clasts and bioclasts (fragmented ostracods). The carbonates frequently are partly or completely dolomitized.

The Conejo Formation is characterised by a sequence of calcareous sandstones, containing ammonites, shales and the uppermost part sandstone and limestone banks.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.30 In the Conejo Formation, fossils of Protopholoe colombiana, Archaeglobigerina blowi, Dicarinella concavata, Dicarinella primitiva, Sigalitruncana sigali, Marginotruncana sp. ct. M. renzi, Marginotruncana angusticarenata, Marginotruncana sp. cf.

State Circle Shale is Late Llandovery in a more finely divided time scale and has been dated to 445.7 million years old. The State Circle Shale is composed of laminated shales and siltstone. Black Mountain Sandstone is composed of a white quartz sandstone. The Deakin Fault cuts the south west of state circle.

The underlying rocks are coal measures, sandstones and shales. Originally a small village within the former Turton Urban District, but now a small part of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton. Harwood is mostly residential, with the few businesses concentrated around a Morrisons supermarket at its centre. Neighbouring districts include Affetside, Bradshaw and Breightmet.

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation dates from the Silurian period. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". Quaternary alluvium lies on top of the shale in the flatter parts of Dickson.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.

Menilite Menilite Menilite is a greyish-brown form of the mineraloid opal.Menilite on Mindat.org It is also known as liver opal or leberopal (German), due to its color. It is called menilite because it was first described from Ménilmontant (Paris), France, where it occurs as concretions within bituminous Early Oligocene Menilite Shales.

Alft was elected to the Elgin City Council in the at-large election in April, 1963. Four years later, he was elected Mayor, succeeding Clyde Shales. As was the custom at the time, Alft did not seek reelection when his four-year term expired in 1971. William Rauschenberger was elected to succeed him.

In the proximal sections, the formation comprises limestones of stromatolites and laminated microbialites. In the distal sections, it is composed of shales. Interbedded with the laminated microbialites there are limestones with packstone and grainstone textures made up of algal clasts and bioclasts (fragmented ostracods). The carbonates frequently are partly or completely dolomitized.

It has proven a highly ornamental and bird-attracting plant in cultivation. Southern and montane provenance forms are frost hardy. In general, all forms prefer sandy, well- drained soils with sunny aspect, though some local forms hailing from Wianamatta shales may tolerate heavier soils. It is resistant to dieback, like most eastern banksias.

These overlie oil and natural gas deposits, especially north of the Los Bajos Fault. The Southern Range forms the third anticlinal uplift. It consists of several chains of hills, most famous being the Trinity Hills. The rocks consist of sandstones, shales, siltstones and clays formed in the Miocene and uplifted in the Pleistocene.

Geochemical Journal, 41, 201-211 The Yilanli is a dolomitic limestone unit with calcareous black and gray shales. It was deposited in a shallow marine passive margin setting. It is conformably overlain by the Alacaagzi Formation, and has accumulated over 1000 m of sediment. The Alacaagzi Formation contains economic deposits of coal.

Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 143, 261-302. Available in The Lyell Collection. The Blue Beach cliffs consist of soft shales and sandstones of the Horton Group. They erode rapidly because of the high tides in combination with winter freeze-thaw and ice shaving conditions, thus continuously creating opportunities for new discoveries.

The Helvetic zone consists of a number of tectonically very different units. The "Helvetic nappes" are a nappe stack that was thrusted over the molasse of the Molasse basin in the Alpine foreland. They are composed of Mesozoic marine limestone, marls and shales. The Helvetic nappes are completely detached from their former basement.

During the 1950s, this was the largest copper producing area in the world, and included the Roan Antelope Mine, Nkana Mine, the Nchanga Mines, the Mufulira Mine, and the Rokana Mine. Chalcopyrite, bornite, and chalcocite are found in the metamorphosed calcareous shales and arkoses of the Lower Roan Formation in the Katanga System.

A tributary of the Lynher, Shales Brook, forms the northern boundary of Treovis Wood, and a leat which once supplied mills at Rilla Mill runs through all three woods. A 2013 suspension bridge crosses the Lynher linking Colquite and Broad Woods. Fauna in the woods include otters, brown long-eared bats and dormice.

Sapping typically occurs in permeable sandstones associated with high water tables underlain by an impermeable layer. Limited in its ability to travel vertically, water is forced to travel laterally where it eventually seeps out of the ground. Limestones, siltstones, and shales can be found in valleys created by groundwater sapping as well.

The Pocono Beds are found at the same level as the creek slightly north of Shickshinny. This rock formation consists of of gray sandstone and brownish sandy shales. Approximately below the Pocono Beds is a layer of rock approximately thick and composed of pebbly sandstone. This may be the Mount Pleasant Formation.

The geology. In: Currie, P.J. and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, p. 54-82. . The bottom of the formation typically consists of a basal sandstone unit overlain by the interbedded coal seams, carbonaceous shales and mudstones of the Mackay coal zone.

The Wapiti Formation consists of interbedded sandstones, siltstones, shales and mudstones, with thin conglomerates, coal seams and bentonite beds. The sandstones are typically thick, pale grey, crossbedded and bentonitic. The middle part contains less sandstones, more mudstones, and fewer and thinner coals. The upper part contains thicker lenticular sandstones and more coals.

In 1997, Nick Steinsberger, an engineer of Mitchell Energy (now part of Devon Energy), applied the slickwater fracturing technique, using more water and higher pump pressure than previous fracturing techniques, which was used in East Texas in the Barnett Shale of north Texas. In 1998, the new technique proved to be successful when the first 90 days gas production from the well called S.H. Griffin No. 3 exceeded production of any of the company's previous wells. This new completion technique made gas extraction widely economical in the Barnett Shale, and was later applied to other shales, including the Eagle Ford and Bakken Shale. George P. Mitchell has been called the "father of fracking" because of his role in applying it in shales.

Tight oil, including light tight oil (sometimes confusingly the term 'shale oil' is used instead of 'light tight oil') is crude oil contained in petroleum-bearing formations of low permeability, often shale or tight sandstone. Economic production from tight oil formations requires the same hydraulic fracturing and often uses the same horizontal well technology used in the production of shale gas. It should not be confused with oil shale, which is shale rich in kerogen, or shale oil, which is synthetic oil produced from oil shales. Therefore, the International Energy Agency recommends to use the term "light tight oil" for oil produced from shales or other very low permeability formations, while World Energy Resources 2013 report by the World Energy Council uses the term "tight oil".

Brenda Strong was the subject of mainly positive reviews for her narration and occasional performances as Mary Alice. Both the character and her role as narrator were generally well received by critics throughout the series, and for which Strong received nominations for multiple accolades. In his review of the pilot, Tom Shales of The Washington Post complimented Mary Alice character's narrations, writing: "Even though narration has become the most overused technique in prime-time television (needed, perhaps, to help move the narrative along quickly now that hour- length shows have shrunk to as little as 41 minutes plus commercials), the producers of Desperate Housewives use it well, and Strong's uncomplaining perkiness adds yet another layer of irony to the enterprise."Shales, Tom (October 3, 2004).

The phase of rifting was followed by a thermal sag phase and drift stage in the widening of the South Atlantic Ocean. This process led to the deposition of a more than thick succession of clastic and carbonate sediments. One of the largest Brazilian sedimentary basins, it is the site of several recently (2007 and later) discovered giant oil and gas fields, including the first large pre-salt discovery Tupi (8 billion barrels), Júpiter (1.6 billion barrels and 17 tcf of gas), and Libra, with an estimated 8 to 12 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Main source rocks are the lacustrine shales and carbonates of the pre-salt Guaratiba Group and the marine shales of the post-salt Itajaí-Açu Formation.

The Marcellus has also been used locally for shale aggregate and common fill, although the pyritic shales are not suitable for this purpose because of acid rock drainage and volumetric expansion. In the 19th century, this shale was used for walkways and roadways, and was considered superior "road metal" because the fine grained fragments packed together tightly, yet drained well after a rain. The dark slaty shales may have the necessary cleavage and hardness to be worked, and were quarried for low grade roofing slate in eastern Pennsylvania during the 19th century. The slates from the Marcellus were inferior to the Martinsburg Formation slate quarried further south, and most quarries were abandoned, with the last significant operation in Lancaster County.

The Marcellus Shale and the fine-grained shales near the middle of the Mahantango Formation are classified by geologists as slope-formers. Marcellus and Mahantango shale beds dipping at 60° to 75° to the west form the west facing slopes of Tonoloway Ridge on the west flank of the Cacapon Mountain anticline in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. On the eastern limb of this anticline, beds of these shales dipping to the east at a shallower angle also form the steep slopes on the east side of Warm Springs Ridge. Bedrock geologic map showing Marcellus bedrock in New York and Pennsylvania The Marcellus is easily eroded, and is also found underlying low areas between some Appalachian ridges, forming linear valleys of moderate relief.

These rocks comprise red flags and sandstones, grey bituminous flags and shales. An anticlinal fold with a southwest–northeast axis brings up the basal beds of the series about the mouth of Cromarty Firth and exposes once more the schists in The Sutors (The Sutors of Cromarty) guarding the entrance to the firth. The western boundary of the younger schist is formed by the great pre-Cambrian dislocation line that traverses the county in a fairly direct course from Elphin on the north by Ullapool to Glencarron. Most of the area west of the line of disturbance is covered by Torridonian Sandstone, mainly dark reddish sandstones, grits and shales, resting unconformably on the ancient Lewisian gneiss with horizontal or slightly inclined bedding.

The Albert Formation has been interpreted as a composite alluvial fan, fluvial-deltaic, and lacustrine sequence. The coarser-grained lithologies are nearshore deposits, while the finer-grained rocks, including the oil shale beds, are an offshore, deeper-water assemblage. Fossils of whole fish preserved in the laminated oil shales indicate very low energy, anoxic conditions.

The main village of Inverarish is near the southwest coast. Geologically interesting, the island is visited by many students engaged in mapping projects. The south is mainly Torridonian sandstone and shale; the north is grey-banded Archaean Lewisian gneiss and granulite. There are also smaller outcrops of Jurassic shales and sandstones occasionally interspersed with limestone.

Shales are typically composed of clay minerals and quartz grain, and are typically gray. Addition of variable amounts of minor constituents alters the color of the rock. Black shale results from the presence of greater than one percent carbonaceous material and indicates a reducing environment. Black shale can also be referred to as black metal.

Piotruś itself is formed of Oligocene age rocks, particularly the Menilite Beds, which contain the Mszanka Sandstones, the Jawornik Marls the Cergowa Sandstones or Shales with interbedded layers of Tylawa Limestone. Prominent ridges near the top of the mountain consist of thick-bedded layers of sandstone and conglomerate that form part of the Mszanka Sandstones.

The Loma Gorda Formation is characterised by laminated siltstones and shales with calcareous concretions.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.24 The formation has provided fossils of Ankinatsytes venezolanus, Barroisiceras onilahyense, Codazziceras ospinae, Eulophoceras jacobi, Fagesia catinus, Hauericeras madagascarensis, Hoplitoides ingens, H. lagiraldae, Mitonia gracilis, Mytiloides kossmati, M. goppelnensis, M. scupini, Neoptychites cf. andinus, Paralenticeras sieversi, Paramammites sp.

Predominantly acidophilous sandstone and clay (argillaceous shales) as well as grauwackes from the Carboniferous form the geological base of the Ardey Hills. They are the source of the Ruhr Sandstone which is extracted in large quarries. The Ardey and Haarstrang together were on the edge of the northern ice sheet from the last ice age.

The Ordovician rocks comprise flaggy shales, limestones, red quartzites, quartzites, sandstones and conglomerates. Siliceous limestones belonging to the Silurian overlie the Ordovician rocks. These limestones are in turn overlain by white quartzite and this is known as Muth quartzite. Silurian rocks which contain typical Silurian fauna are also found in the Vihi district of Kashmir.

At least 17 species of nautiloid across 10 genera were preserved in one unit from the transition between the Cambrian and Ordovician in Virginia. Many of these were similar to their contemporaries in neighboring states. Graptolites were preserved in deposits that have since become Virginia's Ordovician shales. Such remains were left behind in Augusta County.

At the time of the 1884 Andalusian earthquake the town had about 24,000 inhabitants. 1,291 houses collapsed completely, 500 became uninhabitable and the rest were damaged. There were 6 dead and 16 to 30 injured. The lower part of town, built on clays and sands, suffered more damage than the upper part, on shales.

Alexander François Selligue (1784-1845) was a French engineer. In 1832, he together with David Blum patented an application of shale oil for direct illumination. In 1838, he patented "the employment of mineral oils for lighting". His process of distilling bituminous shales (oil shale) was first described in the Journal des Connaissances Usuelles in 1834.

As the result of recrystallization, the micas were preferentially oriented, or oriented in the same position. Due to this orientation, foliation took place. Recrystallization and foliation changed the shales, sandstones, greywackes and basalts into mica schists, quartzites, metagraywackes and amphibolites. It is likely that metamorphism destroyed fossil remains that may have been in the rocks.

It was first described in 1817 for an occurrence in Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald), Karlovy Vary Region, Bohemia. The name derives from Greek karfos for "straw" and lithos for "stone" due to its crystal habit. Its typical occurrence is in shales that have undergone low grade metamorphism. Associated minerals include sudoite, manganoan garnet, chloritoid and fluorite.

In New York, the formation's sandstone beds are commercially producing reservoir rocks for natural gas; the West Auburn Field has been productive since the 1940s. These beds are also currently considered for geological storage. In Ontario, shales of the formation have long been used by the ceramic industry, mainly for brick and tile production.

The Osage Plains are underlain by soft shales with interbedded sandstones and limestones of late Mississippian to Pennsylvanian ages. Some of the rocks prevalent in the Osage Plains are Mississippian limestone, limestone shale, Ordovician dolomite, and Pennsylvanian coal. Also, clay and shale are found within the Pennsylvanian bedrock. The area contained two major mining areas.

Schematic showing the graded relationship of the Cleveland Member and Huron Member of the Ohio Shale to the Chagrin Shale. In Ohio, the Chagrin Shale underlies the Cleveland Shale and overlies the Huron Shale. It is a member of the Ohio Shale. The Chagrin Shale grades into and between the Cleveland and Huron Shales.

This event possibly caused the drowning of sedimentary sources. The balance of sedimentary influx and organic production influenced the establishment of anoxic conditions. Siliciclastic deposits, which are dominated by calciferous organic-rich black shales, were deposited above the unconformity of the top of the Crato Formation. These deposits mark the base of the Ipubi Formation.

The major source rocks for the hydrocarbons were Silurian shales rich in organic material. In 2008, Algeria was the fourth largest oil producer in Africa accounting for about one sixth of the continent's production. The country's proven reserves of crude petroleum are out at 1.66 billion tonnes, or about 1 percent of the global reserve.

More than 400 wells were drilled till 2008; 14 gas and 3 oil fields were discovered and all of them are producing. Main gas productions zones are between Eocene- Oligocene deposits; Hamitabat (turbiditic sandstones), Ceylan (tuffs), Sogucak (reefal limestone), and Osmancik (deltaic sandstone) formations. Shales of Hamitabat and Mezardere formations have good source potentials.

Cerro Negro (2000 m.) is the highest mountain of Monagas State. The mountain landscape presents a geological material of Cretaceous age, constituted exclusively by sedimentary rocks, predominantly sandstones, shales and limestones, being the main geological formations: El Cantil, Barranquín, Guayuta and Querecual; it has elevations between 400 and 2 300 m.a.s.l., with valleys and depressions.

The creek is not considered to be impaired and is not affected by coal mining. However, its watershed has been impacted by human land use. Claystones, conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and shales all occur within the watershed. The creek flows through a gorge in its lower reaches, along the border between Columbia County and Montour County.

This animal belonged to the annelates polychaetes, a group of animals currently represented by numerous marine species. Already in the middle Cambrian of Burgess Shales they were present with numerous species (Burgessochaeta, Canadia, Peronochaeta), but Phragmochaeta, antecedent of some millions of years, represents the oldest polychaete and was probably one of the most primitive.

Satterlyite is a hydroxyl bearing iron phosphate mineral. The mineral can be found in phosphatic shales and was first discovered in the Big Fish River area in Yukon Territory, Canada. Satterlyite is part of the phosphate mineral group. Satterlyite is a transparent, light brown to light yellow mineral with a density of 3.68 g/cm3.

Aerial view, with Lake Mead Complex uplifting and faulting of the region, followed by extensive erosion, have created the present landscape. The rough floor and jagged walls of the park contain brilliant formations of eroded sandstone and sand dunes more than 150 million years old. Other important rock formations include limestones, shales, and conglomerates.

Anoxic dark shales in the formation mark the Kačák Event, a late-Eifelian- stage marine anoxic event also associated with an extinction event. In 2012, Read and Erikson also depicted the formation as Eifelian.Paleozoic Sedimentary Successions of the Virginia Valley & Ridge and Plateau stratigraphic nomenclature for the Middle Devonian strata in the Appalachian Basin.

These fossils (an extinct group of oceanic colonial organisms) have been dated from the late Ordovician period. The soils are of intermediate loamy texture. Crest soils are mostly shallow, with broken shales and siltstone present on the surface. On the gentle slopes and flats, deposition of alluvial materials has produced deeper, dark brown soils.

Nesonektris aldridgei is an extinct deuterostome chordate from the Late Botomian-aged Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte in Kangaroo Island, Australia. So far, it is the fourth described vetulicolian that is not restricted to the Maotianshan Shales (the other three being Ooedigera of Sirius Passet, Banffia of the Burgess Shale, and Skeemella of the Wheeler Shale).

Within the formation, alluvial plain deposition grades into sandstones which originated from channels and deltas along a shoreline. The overlying shales in the formation were deposited offshore, and the mud cracks, clasts, and gypsum characterizing the area indicate a tidal deposition. The formation has been dated to 530±10 Mya through K-Ar radiometric dating.

The Ingta Formation is a geological unit containing green sandstones and shales; it crops out in the Canadian Mackenzie Mountains. Its age is poorly constrained, though it straddles the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary. Below the boundary its ichnofauna comprises subhorizontal Planolites burrows; above it, Phycodes burrows immediately appear, with Nemakit-Daldyn SSFs appearing soon after.

35 reporters were invited, however only four appeared and were less than enthusiastic about the prospects of the company. Beyus felt the future of ESP was in doubt and departed following the conference.Miller & Shales, p. 6 In spite of these initial difficulties, ESP was incorporated on July 13, 1978, for a fee of $91.

The Aye Formation is a geologic formation in the Dinant synclinorium, Ardennes, Belgium. It is part of the Condroz Group, at the base of the middle Famennian (Upper Devonian). It is characterized by the presence of a conodont fossil Palmatolepis rhomboidea. It is composed mostly of greenish shales and siltstones with some lenses of sandstone.

Both sub-basins manifest a huge subsidence. During the Lower Cretaceous the Parentis Basin received 2,000 m of sediment and the Adour Basin 4,000 m. The remainder of the Aquitaine Basin is meanwhile subjected to strong erosion. The first deposits in the two sub-basins were littoral sediments in Wealden facies, mainly sandstones and shales.

The dip of the quarry is steep and shows a wide range of rock types. There are exposures of fossiliferous Lower Carboniferous limestone shales. Their junctions with the Old Red Sandstone and with part of the Lower Dolomite formation are visible. There are fossils in the rocks such as sea lilies, water fleas and shellfish.

The geology of the shale lenses within the Hawkesbury Sandstone is chemically similar to the Ashfield Shale. At Turramurra 33 metres remains and formerly there was a good deep exposure of it at the Railway Station until this suffered shotcreting. Small scale bedding is abundant. The shales are sandy at the top of the sequence.

However, due to the lack of combustion of the spent shale, the oil shale does not exceed and significant carbonate mineral decomposition and subsequent CO2 generation can be avoided for some oil shales. Also, these technologies tend to be the more stable and easier to control than internal combustion or hot solid recycle technologies.

The Sella Formation is a Dapingian to Darriwilian geologic formation of southern Bolivia. The grey to green bioturbated siltstones interbedded with thin sandstone layers bear lenticular shell beds. Other parts of the formation contain yellow-green limy shales and grey sandy limestones. Coquinas often fill gutter casts and included brachiopods, trilobites, bivalves and nautiloids.

Undisturbed, it forms tall, open shrubland over undulating valleys and plains. It usually grows in clay soils that are derived from the Malmesbury Group Shales. Termite mounds create large, round hummocks called “heuweltjies”, that are a prominent feature of this vegetation type, appearing as pale spots on the landscape. Indigenous trees and older thicket often occur around these features.

Tom Shales, James Andrew Miller. Live from New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live. 2002. Though Trebek shaved his trademark mustache in 2001, Ferrell retained it as long as he played the character, even in the twelfth sketch—Ferrell's last episode as a cast member—when a clean-shaven real Trebek made a cameo at the end.

The Verulam Formation belongs to the Simcoe Group and overlies the Bobcaygeon Formation. Both the Bobcaygeon and Verulam Formations are composed of bioclastic wackestones, grainstones, and packstones interbedded with calcareous shales and siltstones. The Verulam contains more shale than the underlying Bobcaygeon Formation. Several hardgrounds have been documented in detail from the upper Bobcaygeon and lower Verulam.

Shale gouge ratio (typically abbreviated to SGR) is a mathematical algorithm that aims to predict the fault rock types for simple fault zones developed in sedimentary sequences dominated by sandstones and shales. The parameter is widely used in the oil and gas exploration and production industries to enable quantitative predictions to be made regarding the hydrodynamic behavior of faults.

The Sachrang Shales where cited originally on the reestudy of the Alpine Upper Black Slate, composed with dark gray, somewhat sandy, disintegrating into thin but large plates of Marl.SCHLOSSER,M.: Zur Geologie des Unterinntales. - Jb. Geol. B.-A., 59, 525-574, Wien 1909 Other studies where recovering a Greenish-Gray Marl Slate levels,AIGNER, P.O.: Das Benediktenwandgebirge.

The definition of the Sachrang Shales has been convoluted along its history of study of the location, where there are works of the North Alpine Mesozoic that prefer before calling these deposits Sachranger Shale to give it a brief different diagnosis.TOLLMANN,A.: Analyse des klassischen nordalpinen Mesozoikums. Stratigraphie, Fauna und Fazies der Nördlichen Kalkalpen. - 580 S., Wien (Deuticke) 1976.

533-4 The Tippecanoe transgression ended this period of erosion, beginning with the deposition of clean sandstones across the craton, followed by abundant carbonate deposition.Monroe and Wicander, pp. 534-5 In the east these carbonates gradually become shales, representing sediments eroded from highlands created in the Taconic orogeny. The Tippecanoe sequence may have been the deepest of the Paleozoic.

The Akata Formation underlies the entire base of the delta. It is composed of marine pro-delta shales and turbidite sands that have been deposited since the Paleocene. Minor amounts of clay and silt are also present. Since the formation has not been drilled, it is only estimated that the formation is up to 7,000 meters thick.

Struik Publishers, Cape Town The type area of the Karoo Supergroup is the Great Karoo in South Africa, where the most extensive outcrops of the sequence are exposed.Geological map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (1970). Council for Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa. Its strata, which consist mostly of shales and sandstones,Hamilton, G.N.G. and Finlay, J.G. (1928).

The Toledo refinery in northwestern Ohio, in which BP has invested around $500 million on improvements since 2010, is a joint venture with Husky Energy, which operates the refinery, and processes approximately 160,000 barrels of crude oil per day. Since the early 2000s, the company has been focusing its refining business on processing crude from oil sands and shales.

The Batylykh Formation is a geological formation in Yakutia, Russia. It is of an uncertain Early Cretaceous age, probably dating between the Berriasian and the Barremian. It is the oldest unit of the thick Sangar Series within the Vilyuy syneclise. The mudstones, sandstones and shales of the formation were deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine environment.

Our Hoosier State beneath us; Indiana Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources; Indianapolis, IN The Knobstone Escarpment is composed of resistant siltstones of the upper part of Borden Group rocks. Older and more easily eroded shales to the east form the Scottsburg Lowland; a thick section of soluble limestones form the undulating Mitchell Plain west of the Norman Upland.

The wilderness is in the Appalachian Plateau, sometimes called the Allegheny Plateau. The Appalachian Plateau has mountains with broad, flat summits composed of resistant sandstones and conglomerates with seams of coal. Outcrops of shales and limestones are seen on the side slopes. Stone Mountain is part of the Cumberland Mountains complex, lying on its eastern end.

Bobdownsite is originally found from Big Fish River, Yukon, Canada (about Latitude 68°28'N, Longitude 136°30'W). Bobdownsite occurs in a vein from an east- west- trending faulted vein. Samples recovered from this exposure are found with Lower Cretaceous bedded ironstones and shales. Bobdownsite is a phosphate mineral with its exposure downstream from phosphate nodule slopes.

The Cretaceous Petroleum System consists of the main reservoir in the Safaniya fields, the Safaniya member. The Safaniya member is a thick sequence of sandstone, siltstone and shale with thin intervals of limestone, coal and varying amounts of ironstone. The Mauddud Formation is intra-formational shales and tight carbonates that seals the reservoirs within the Safaniya Formation.

In the Triassic the Ceratite beds, named after the ammonite ceratite, consist of arenaceous limestones, calcerous sandstones and marls. The Jurassic consists of two distinct units. The Kioto limestone, extends from the lower the middle Jurassic with a thickness to . The upper Jurassic is represented by the Spiti black shales, and stretches from the Karakoram to Sikkim.

Louise S. Durham, "Prices, technology make shales hot," AAPG Explorer, July 2008, p.10. In 2005, energy exploration of the Barnett Shale in Texas, resulting from new technology, inspired an economic confidence in the industry as similar operations soon followed across the Southeast, including at Arkansas' Fayetteville Shale and Louisiana's Haynesville Shale."The Rush Is On", Steve Reilly.

The Black shales present in the Posidonia Formation are related to deposits present on Lithuania, Canada and several other countries & Continents. This suggests the presence of a general deposition of organic matter, driven by several global events and changes present on the surface. This caused changes on the bottom of the seas, with abundant deposition of organic matter.

Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report (new series), 1890-91, v. 5, Part 1, p. 1-67. Impermeable marine shales in the Clearwater Formation provided part of the trapping mechanism for the underlying Athabasca oil sands in the McMurray Formation. Sandstone units in the Clearwater Formation, including the Wabiskaw Member, can contain oilsand and heavy oil resources.

The Guadalupe Group (, K2G, Ksg) is a geological group of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The group, a sequence of shales and sandstones, is subdivided into three formations; Arenisca Dura, Plaeners and Arenisca Labor-Tierna, and dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Campanian-Maastrichtian epochs and at its type section has a thickness of .

The rocks at the surface at the park were deposited at least 450 million years ago. A sequence of sediments formed rocks such as shales, sandstones and greywackes. When these sediments were deposited, the environment was similar to that off the coast of Georgia today. These deposits were formed constantly through layering of older deposits by younger ones.

Temnodontosaurus fossils have been found in the Posidonia Shale near Holzmaden, Germany. The Posidonia Shale is composed of black bituminous shales with intercalated bituminous limestone. The environment is known to have been marine because fossils of marine animals such as plesiosaurs, crocodylians and especially ammonites have been found there in abundance.Bottjer, Etter, Hagadorn, Tang, editors (2001). “Exceptional Fossil Preservation”.

These sediments became the fossil-rich limestones, sandstones, and shales of the gray-colored Honaker Trail Formation. Outcrops of the Honaker Trail can be seen near the bottom of deep canyons in the park, most notably along the Colorado River. A period of erosion then ensued, creating a break in the geologic record called an unconformity.

The Florissant Formation is also known for its fossilized leaves and the impressions they made. There are also specimens of fruits, seeds, cones, and flowers, which are all preserved in the paper shales of the formation. Most of the leaves come from trees and shrubs. Angiosperms are the dominant paleoflora, but there are also conifers present.

It is composed of thick shales, turbidite sands, and small amounts of silt and clay. The clay content resulted in it being a ductile shale formation which was squeezed into shale diapirs in the basin. The Akata Formation formed during lowstands in relative sea level and anoxic conditions. This formation is estimated to be up to 7,000 meters thick.

The geology of the park consists of metamorphosed sedimentary sequence of Palaeocene-Miocene age. Mount Mulu is located at the southwest of the park. It was formed from Palaeocene-Upper Eocene with the interbedding of sandstone and shales. The remaining mountains (Mount Api, Mount Benarat, and Mount Buda) are located the western flank of Mount Mulu.

Potential gas-bearing shales are said to be widespread in China, although as yet undeveloped.Zinchuan Zhang, "Unconventional gas systems in China," 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, 6–14 August 2008. In November 2009, US President Barack Obama agreed to share US gas-shale technology with China, and to promote US investment in Chinese shale-gas development.

Stratigraphy of the Offshore Indus Wells drilled on the continental shelf of the offshore Indus basin have been drilled down to Cretaceous rocks. The oldest formation penetrated is the Sembar Formation of Early Cretaceous. It is composed of shales. Onshore Sembar Formation is the major source rock, responsible for charging the sands of the Goru Formation.

The GSSP is defined in the Drumian section () in the Drum Mountains, Millard County, Utah, United States. The stage was also named after the Drum Mountains. The section is an outcrop of the Wheeler Formation, a succession of calcareous shales. The precise base of the Drumian is a laminated limestone above the base of the Wheeler Formation.

In the east calcareous Shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone in the original name of Canberra "Limestone Plains". The Narrabundah Ashstone is part of this formation and can be seen in the easternmost corner. In the higher west including Mount Pleasant is grey quartz andesite from the Ainslie Volcanics.

In more modern times, the Meuse and its tributaries have dug deep valleys in the plateau, revealing this outcrop of shales. Until the beginning of the century, the layers of Customs Wall were considered to belong to Assise de Bure and date from Lower Couvinian (Emsian). The revision of the geological map of GivetF. Lacquement et al.

This sequence consists of the Appleby Group, dominantly sandstones, and the Cumbrian Coast Group consisting mainly of siltstones and dolomites overlain by evaporites and red shales (locally with the development of halite). On the western edge of the Lake District and in the Vale of Eden the Appleby Group includes thick breccias, known as the Brockram.

Some examples of these methods are the exploitation of tar sands, tar shales, hydrofracking for oil and gas, coal mining, drilling in the Arctic, Amazon, and deep ocean. Therefore, 2.0 °C scenarios result in more CO2 produced per unit of usable energy. Further, the danger of extra released CH4 via mining processes must be taken into account.

The nature of the archedictyon is an important consideration in the taxonomic classification of the large, primitive Palaeozoic insects known as Palaeodictyoptera and was used by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart for this purpose as early as 1854. Jarmila Kukalová. "Revisional Study of the Order Palaeodictyoptera in the Upper Carboniferous Shales of Commentry, France" Part III. Psyche 77:1-44, 1970.

Oil reservoirs are mainly in > Neocomian and Upper Jurassic clastic strata. Source rocks are organic-rich > siliceous shales of the Bazhenov Formation. Most discovered reserves are in > structural traps, but stratigraphic traps in the Neocomian clinoform > sequence are productive and are expected to contain much of the undiscovered > resources. Two assessment units are identified in this total petroleum > system.

Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Company Letterhead, 1909 Portrait bust of James Young, on his gravestone in Inverkip cemetery. James Young FRS FRSE FCS DL LLD (13 July 1811 – 13 May 1883) was a Scottish chemist best known for his method of distilling paraffin from coal and oil shales. He is often referred to as Paraffin Young.

The Magaliesberg has ancient origins. Its composition is ascribed to successive geological processes over a very protracted history. Its quartzites, shales, chert and dolomite were deposited as sediments in an inland basin on top of a 3 billion year old Archaean Basement Complex, known as the Kaapvaal Craton. This process of sedimentation lasted for about 300 million years.

The fossil species Neurosymploca? oligocenica is known from Lower Stampian, (Early Oligocene) aged deposits in Céreste, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence France, belonging to the subfamily Zygaeninae, Lepidopterans with preserved structural coloration from the Eocene (~47 Ma) aged shales in Messel Pit, Germany are suggested to be zygaenids, and more specifically procridiines due to wing venation patterns.

The major Carnian Pluvial Event stands as one focus point of many studies. Different hypotheses of the events occurrence include eruptions, monsoonal effects, and changes caused by plate tectonics. Continental deposits also support certain ideas relative to the Triassic period. Sediments that include red beds, which are sandstones and shales of color, may suggest seasonal precipitation.

In 1952, helium concentrations were discovered in southwestern Saskatchewan. Production from four wells took place from 1963 to 1977, and resumed again in 2014. The Deadwood Formation, and other Lower Paleozoic formations, had the highest concentration. The helium originated through natural radioactive decay of uranium and thorium in Precambrian granitic basement rocks, or Lower Paleozoic shales.

The Conasauga Shale Field is a Cambrian Period part of the Appalachian thrust and fault region of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. The subterranean formation consists of shales and carbonates over 15,000 feet (4,600 m) thick in certain areas. Several preliminary drillings found it could be one of the larger finds of natural gas in U.S. history.

Most of the underlying rocks are calcareous Carboniferous Limestone and Shales, but Devonian Portishead Beds outcrop along the northern valley. There are a range of unusual flora and fauna. At Asham Wood near Frome coppicing and 50 dormouse boxes have been introduced in order to encourage nesting. The boxes are monitored and dormice numbers are recorded.

Small marine creatures such as trilobites, coral, and snails lived in the sea. The shells of the tiny animals sank to the bottom, and are preserved in limestones, sandstones, and shales from this era. Later, creatures resembling crocodiles and sharks slid through the seas, and fossil shark teeth have been found on the uplands of the Mesabi Range.

Iridescent cluster of marcasite crystals (3.3 × 2.1 × 1.4 cm) Two halves of a ball of radiating marcasite from France. Marcasite can be formed as both a primary or a secondary mineral. It typically forms under low- temperature highly acidic conditions. It occurs in sedimentary rocks (shales, limestones and low grade coals) as well as in low temperature hydrothermal veins.

All of the park has the calcareous formations of the Subbética region, with marbles, shales, phyllites, etc. The area is rich in quartzite and gneiss over 300 million years old. The Sierra de Almijara holds one of the Spain's main sources of dolomitic marble. The marble gives white and gray tones to the ridges and ravines.

The formation consists of highly fossiliferous gray shale and buff calcareous sandstone with some limestone nodules. It overlies the Morrison Formation and is overlain by the Mesa Rica Sandstone. The formation is interpreted as marine shales deposited during the Kiowa-Skull Creek transgression.Holbrook and Wright Dunbar 1992 It is likely the lateral equivalent of the Glencairn Formation.

The Penas and Vidrias area, close to the western boundary of the Cantabrian zone has a complete succession of Ordovician deposits. Black shales from Llanvirnian times are found in the Central Coal Basin eastern side. But mostly in the Ordovician Period, this zone was above water and eroding. The Formigoso Formation dates from Middle Llandovery time in the Silurian.

Lagerstätten span geological time from the Neoproterozoic era to the present. Worldwide, some of the best examples of near-perfect fossilization are the Cambrian Maotianshan shales and Burgess Shale, the Devonian Hunsrück Slates and Gogo Formation, the Carboniferous Mazon Creek, the Jurassic Solnhofen limestone, the Cretaceous Santana, Yixian formations, the Eocene Green River Formation, and the Miocene Foulden Maar.

The stratigraphic section at Boscán Field consists of sands and shales of Oligocene and Eocene ages deposited in a tidally-influenced fluvial-deltaic depositional setting. The Oligocene sediments are commonly non-oil bearing and are dominantly shaley. The Eocene sands are part of the Misoa Formation and form the producing reservoir section locally known as the Boscán Formation.

It consists mainly of shales and mudstones.Lake, R.D. & Shepard-Thorn, E.R. (1987) Geology of the country around Hastings and Dungeness: Memoir for 1:50,000 geological sheets 320 and 321. British Geological Survey, London. Other dinosaurs that shared this environment with Suchosaurus included the iguanodontians Barilium and Hypselospinus, as well as the dubious species Megalosaurus dunkeri and an unnamed maniraptoran.

Anthophyllite is the product of metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks, especially ultrabasic igneous rocks and impure dolomitic shales. It also forms as a retrograde product rimming relict orthopyroxenes and olivine, and as an accessory mineral in cordierite-bearing gneisses and schists. Anthophyllite also occurs as a retrograde metamorphic mineral derived from ultramafic rocks along with serpentinite.

The Redknife Formation is divided into the Jean Marie Member (base) and an upper unnamed shale unit. The Jean Marie Member is composed of argillaceous, silty and dolomitic fossiliferous limestone. The carbonates are massive east of Fort Nelson and west of the Alberta border. The upper Redknife consists of calcareous shales with silty limestone and siltstone interbeds.

Summer flows are much smaller, with the brook producing a flow of only . The brook drains a catchment with a geology consisting of mainly Mercian mudstones and Siltstone, but with some Sandstone and Shales in the upper reaches. It has been designated as main river by the Environment Agency from Markeaton Park to its confluence with the Derwent.

Several beds of Ordovician shales and mudstones run across Mid Wales, from Tywyn in the south-west to Chirk in the north-east. At various points along this band, these sedimentary rocks have undergone compression and metamorphosis into slate. The Pen-y-glog slate veins on the southern slopes of the Dee valley are worked by the quarries.

Norris, 74 A few beds of pebble conglomerates and limestone, dark gray and not pure, are also found, but the shales are predominant throughout, accounting for around 90 percent of the entire unit.Thomas M. Dibblee, 1986. Geologic Map of the Little Pine Mountain Quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, California. California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology.

Despite being both a gun enthusiast and heavily associated with firearms in his Westerns and police movies, Eastwood has publicly endorsed gun control since at least 1973. In the April 24, 1973, edition of The Washington Post, the star said, "I'm for gun legislation myself. I don't hunt."Tom Shales, "Eastwood's Star: Risen", The Washington Post, April 24, 1973.

The habitat preference of D.lavisii is for conglomerates and colluvial terraces, with cobbles of quartzite. Sometimes there are also elements of silcrete, ferricrete or shales (it is frequently found in Shale Renostervelds and Ferricrete Fynbos vegetation types). The surrounding vegetation includes small shrubs, Restionaceae and a high density of grasses among the alluvial gravels.Hartmann, H. & Roux, A.. (2011).

The Qasr el Sagha Formationis a geological formation located in Egypt The formation is part of the Wadi El Hitan World Heritage Site. The Qasr el Sagha Formation overlies the Birket Qarun Formation and is overlain by the Gebel Qatrani Formation. The sandstones and shales of the formation were deposited in a deltaic to shallow marine environment.Gingerich et al.

IHS Global Insight, Measuring the Economic and Energy Impacts of Proposals to Regulate Hydraulic Fracturing, 2009. EIA forecast for US gas production through 2040. Of US gas production in 2010, 26% came from tight sandstone reservoirs and 23% from shales, for a total of 49%.US Energy Information Administration, United States Annual Energy Outlook 2012, p.208.

The elevation near the mouth of Quaker Run is above sea level. The elevation near the stream's source is . Quaker Run is mostly situated between Dresslers Ridge to the south and Graders Ridge to the north, in eastern Monroe Township. A series of gray shales exposed along Quaker Run and dipping 30 degrees southeast, has been observed.

Seaham Quarry is of international scientific importance because of the perfection of preservation of its varied shales and the associated contorted beds exposed in them. The shale deposits are estimated by scientists to be more than 300 million years old. The quarry contains, in its shale deposits, evidence of the glacial origin of rocks in the Hunter River Valley.

The formation consists of a basal conglomerate interbedded with shale and siltstone and a sequence of alternating sandstone and shale. The lower conglomerates contain volcanic debris, while the upper beds contain sparse nonvolcanic rock fragments. The shales are reddish brown to purplish while the sandstones are light gray. The sandstones are medium bedded to massive and sometimes form hogbacks.

The What Cheer Clay Products Company strip mined local coal into the mid-century, but in their case, coal was a byproduct. Their primary source of clay was the 8 to 12 foot (2.5 to 4 meter) underclay found immediately below the coal.Charles S. Gwynne, Ceramic Shales and Clays of Iowa, Iowa Geologic Survey Annual Report, Vol. 38, 1941.

The Catavi Formation is a Pridoli to Emsian geologic formation of northern and central Bolivia. The formation comprises a thick succession of fine-grained, olive to brown sandstones and siltstones, shales and black limestones deposited in a shallow to deep marine environment.Catavi Unit C3 near Cochabamba at Fossilworks.orgCatavi vertebrate and mollusc fauna at Seripona at Fossilworks.

The differential erosion of the Unkar Group left resistant beds of the Cardenas Basalt and Shinumo Quartzite as topographic highs, ancient monadnocks, that are now buried by sandstones, shales, and conglomerates of the Tonto Group. These monadnocks served locally as sources of coarse-grained sediments during the marine transgression that deposited the Tapeats Sandstone and other members of the Tonto Group.

The Murchison oil field was discovered in 1975 by Conoco (UK) Ltd. The reservoir is a Middle Jurassic Brent Group sandstone sealed by Upper Jurassic shales. The oil is unsaturated and had a gravity of 36° API, and without a gas cap. The topsides for Murchison were designed by Matthew Hall Engineering which was awarded the contract in November 1976.

To the local Anishinabek, the rare stones were thunderbird eggs. The concretions are now protected, but are often found on nearby properties. "Kettle" concretion at Kettle Point, Ontario, defaced by graffiti. Just off shore, below the Kettle Point formation, is a layer of the Hamilton Group of shales and limestones which contains a large amount of light-coloured, high-quality chert.

The terrestrial (as opposed to lacunar or marine) deposits created by these rivers gave rise to the Beaufort Group. It is composed of a monotonous sequence of shales and mudstones, with some interbedded lenticular sandstones. The Beaufort Group is rich in reptilian, and to a lesser extent, amphibian remains. There is a plethora of both herbivorous and carnivorous reptile fossils.

Templet is a mountain north of Sassenfjorden, at the south side of Bünsow Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Its height is 766 metre. The name Templet stems from its resemblance to a ruined Gothic cathedral, consisting of eroded horizontal layers of shales, silicates and limestones. The mountain lies within the Sassen – Bünsow Land National Park, and is regarded as a tourist attraction.

It is a complex formation containing coal seams and is made up of clay and shales. The landscape is typically undulating and includes outcrops of sandstone. Most of the area around Stanton Drew have neutral to acid red loamy soils with slowly permeable subsoils. Soils to the eastern part of the area are slowly permeable clayey and fine silty soils.

The Rosablanca Formation (, Kir) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Middle Magdalena Basin. The formation consists of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with at the upper part sandstones. The formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Valanginian epoch and has a thickness of in the valley of the Sogamoso River.

Ghareb Formation (an Upper Cretaceous oil shale) in Wadi Hawarim, southern Israel. Oil shale in Israel is widespread but an undeveloped resource, largely because of economic and technological constraints. Israeli oil shales belong to the group of Upper Cretaceous marinite deposits. Although oil-shale deposits may lie under as much as 15% of the country, only a small part of these are mineable.

The principle economic potential have the Mishash and the Ghareb formations in northern Negev. As a source for hydrocarbon production, particular interest is oil shales in Dead Sea graben area. The largest deposit is Rotem-Yamin (Mishor Rotem and Mishor Yamin occurrences). Other larger deposits are Sde Boker, Nahal Zin, Zenifim, Shefela-Hartuv, Oron, Nabi Musa, En Boqeq, and Yeroham.

The cliffs and sandy bays of the coast offer an assortment of seashore habitats. The spectacular scenery where the Cleveland Hills meet the sea has been designated as a Heritage Coast. The cliff at Boulby, at , is the highest point on the east coast of England. Here the Jurassic strata of shales, clays and ironstones are displayed with superb clarity.

The formation includes a basal, middle and upper sandstone members, separated by shales. The middle sandstone member forms conspicuous ledges and cliffs. Phytosaur and Koskinonodon remains, plus leaf imprints and mineralized wood have been found within the formation. Erosion resistant sandstones protect pedestals of underlying shale, giving rise to hoodoos, including the Lighthouse, and the hoodoo at the south end of Capitol Peak.

2007, p.35-39 A record 4,185 shale gas wells were completed in the US in 2007.Louise S. Durham, "Prices, technology make shales hot," AAPG Explorer, July 2008, p.10. In 2007, shale gas fields included the No. 2 (Barnett/Newark East) and No. 13 (Antrim) sources of natural gas in the United States in terms of gas volumes produced.

Morphological similarities between trilobites and earlier arthropod-like creatures such as Spriggina, Parvancorina, and other "trilobitomorphs" of the Ediacaran period of the Precambrian are ambiguous enough to make a detailed analysis of their ancestry complex. Morphological similarities between early trilobites and other Cambrian arthropods (e.g. the Burgess shale fauna and the Maotianshan shales fauna) make analysis of ancestral relationships difficult as well.

The Jujols Group is less metamorphic than the mesozonal Canaveilles Group. Its sedimentation lasted probably into the lowermost Ordovician. After a longer hiatus, up to 100 m of Caradocian (Ordovician stage 5 and 6) conglomerate follow unconformably upon the Jujols Group—the Rabassa Conglomerate. This is overlain by nearly 500 m of the Cava Formation, interlayered greywackes, and shales containing volcanic horizons.

At the type locality getchellite is found in an epithermal (formed at low temperature) arsenical gold deposit in a narrow, steeply dipping fault zone cutting across interbedded shales, argillites (lithified muds and oozes) and limestones, near an intrusion of granodiorite. Associated minerals are orpiment, realgar, stibnite, cinnabar and quartz, as well as galkhaite, laffittite, chabournéite, christite, lorandite, marcasite, barite, fluorite and calcite.

The range has a white soil and bedrock, resembling chalk, and was a 'white landform' Valley landmark before suburban development on it in the 1960s. The white rocks are marine shales. Geologists are unsure of its relationship with other rock formations in Southern California, although Thomas Dibblee has identified it as a member of the Sisquoc Formation.Dibblee, T.W., and Ehrenspeck, H.E., ed.

Springdale is located on the Springfield Plateau, a subset of The Ozarks which run through northwest Arkansas, southern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma. In the Springdale area, sandstones and shales were deposited on top of the Springfield Plateau during the Pennsylvanian Period. These were eroded after the Ouachita orogeny and uplift, exposing Mississippian limestone formations of the Springfield Plateau visible today.

Jane Negus-de Wys, Anatomy of a large Devonian black shale gas field US Dept. of Energy Other commercial gas production from Devonian-age shales became widespread in the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois basins in the 1920s, but production was usually small.Zhongmin Wang and Alan Krupnick, A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in the United States, Resources for the Futures, April 2013.

The Marcellus shale in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York, once thought to be played out, is estimated to hold 168- still available with horizontal drilling.Unconventional natural gas reservoir in Pennsylvania poised to dramatically increase US Production 2008-01-17 It was suggested that the Marcellus shale and other Devonian shales of the Appalachian Basin, could supply the northeast U.S. with natural gas.

Mikhail Zalessky (, Mikhail Dmitrievich Zalesskiy; 15 September 1877 – 22 December 1946) was a Russian paleontologist and paleobotanist. His main focus was an investigation of plant remains in coals and oil shales. In 1911, Zalessky described a new type of petrified wood from the Donets Basin in Ukraine. He called the wood Callixylon, though he did not find any structures other than the trunk.

Bitterli, P. (1960). Bituminous Posidonienschiefer (Lias epsilon) of Mont Terri, Jura Mountains. Bull. Ver. schweiz. Petroleum-Geol. u.-Ing, 26(71), 41–48. The study of the Shales led to recover data and compare to similar settings to the objective of find similar sedimentation settings, being found that the Pelagic depostits where influenced by changes on the Oxygen composition,Fischer, W. (1961).

Abyssal depression sedimentation has not been found for now.Röhl, H. J., & Schmid-Röhl, A. (2005). Lower Toarcian (Upper Liassic) black shales of the Central European epicontinental basin: a sequence stratigraphic case study from the SW German Posidonia Shale. Connected to the SW German basin where the Paris Basin, that recovered central France, with correlated sedimentation to the Shale deposition on Germany.

In addition to their Posidonia bronni, the shales contain some spectacularly detailed fossils of other Jurassic sea creatures—ichthyosaurs,Dick, D. G. (2015). An ichthyosaur carcass-fall community from the Posidonia Shale (Toarcian) of Germany. Palaios, 30(5), 353–361 and plesiosaurs, spiral-shelled ammonites and crinoids, or sea-lilies.David Quammen, The Boilerplate Rhino: Nature in the Eye of the Beholder 2000:41.

The Socotá Formation (, Kis) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consisting of a lower unit of calcareous sandstones and an upper sequence of shales dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Late Aptian epoch and in Quipile has a measured thickness of with large regional variations. The formation hosts ammonite fossils.

The El Peñón Formation (, Kipe) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of calcareous shales and siltstones and dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Late Aptian epoch and has a measured thickness at its type section of . Ammonite fossils have been found in the formation, deposited in a shallow marine platform environment.

The black shales of the Exshaw Formation are rich in organic matter and are one of the most important petroleum source rocks of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.Caplan, M.L. and Bustin, R.M. 1996. Factors governing organic matter accumulation and preservation in a marine petroleum source rock from the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Exshaw Formation, Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol.

104 The spread of ages based on zircons has been reported from 60.96 ± 0.7 to 53.6 ± 1.1 Ma.Bayona et al., 2012, p.103 The Bogotá Formation is laterally equivalent with the shales of the Socha Formation, the San Fernando Formation, the El Limbo Formation, Los Cuervos Formation,Figures Bayona et al. and the fossil- rich Cerrejón Formation of La Guajira.

1, p. 8. The Great Valley Sequence contains a diverse and abundant assemblage of fossils that includes microfossils, plant remains, invertebrate marine creatures, and vertebrates. The microfossils are particularly important, as unique assemblages of microfossils, especially benthic (bottom-dwelling) and planktonic (free-floating) foraminifera, that are abundant in some of the shales are used to assign ages to the rocks.

State Circle Shale is Late Llandovery in a more finely divided time scale and it has been dated to 445 ±7 million years old. The State Circle Shale is composed of laminated shales and siltstone. Black Mountain Sandstone is composed of a white quartz sandstone.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.

Abderrazak El Albani is a French-Moroccan sedimentologist, Professor at University of Poitiers at the Hydrasa laboratory (IC2MP - CNRS).Hydrasa laboratory He is significant for having discovered the oldest known fossils of multicellular organisms in the 2.1 billion year-old black shales of the Paleoproterozoic Francevillian Group Fossil Formation in Gabon, which shed new light on the origin of multicellular organisms.

The unit is the deepest source rock for the oils in the Cesar-Ranchería Basin.Ayala, 2009, p.26 The upper member of the Cogollo Group, the Aguas Blancas Formation, presents a large lateral variability in lithologies. Black biomicrites and fossiliferous limestones are indicative of a middle to outer platform environment, while sandy shales and glauconitic sandstones indicate a shallow marine environment.

These are inter-spaced with claystones, olive to grey fine-grained sandstone, and reddish-brown to maroon shales. In the overlying Katberg Formation, alluvial fans containing braided low sinuosity river channels comprising mainly coarse-grained sandstone appear. These sandstones form either single and multi-storey channel sandstones and crevasse-splay sandstones. The dominance of sandstones is diagnostic of the Katberg Formation.

The alternation of the two facies implies a series of alluvial progradation- retractions into the Early Cretaceous carbonate lakes. The low textural and compositional maturity of conglomerates and sandstones implies the basin was supplied from areas close to the basin margins.Clemente, 2013, p.21 ;Itapema Formation The Itapema Formation is several hundreds of metres thick and consists of calcirudites (limestones) and dark shales.

Winters were spent collecting borehole and quarry information in the Lothians. This was tangentially aimed at increasing knowledge of coal and oil- shale seams in relation to his family businesses. In 1906 this led to publication of a major map of the Oil Shales of Lothian. From 1885 he began modelling experiments to explain the things found in the field.

The Mississippi Interior Salt Basin underlies southern and west-central Mississippi with up to 3000 feet of Late Jurassic salt and 50 shallow salt domes. It formed during the beginnings of the Gulf of Mexico during the breakup of Pangea. Triassic igneous sills injected into shales in the Black Warrior Basin during the rifting process. Salt deposition ended by 150 million years ago.

Paul Kogerman won international reputation with his work on oil shale. He initiated systematic research of oil shale and its products by establishing, together with professor Michael Wittlich, a laboratory to study oil-bearing shales in 1925. Kogerman submitted fundamental work on the structure and origin of oil shale and its chemical characteristics, as well as work on thermal processes.

During this Oceanic Anoxic Event, there were two spikes, the Selli event, dating to the early Aptian (approximately 120 Ma) was active during deposition of the black shales of the Paja Formation.Moreno & Hincapié, 2010, p.48 The formation contains three spikes of δ13C, with values above 1.5‰, in the lower, middle to upper and upper Paja Formation.Moreno & Hincapié, 2010, p.

However, there were many difficulties with mining of the deposit because that particular style of mineralisation was unknown to the East German and Soviet mining experts. The mineralisation is hosted by Palaeozoic meta-black shales and Meta-basalts. Uranium mineralisation occurs in irregular shaped bodies of highly variable size and uranium content (in average 70 tonnes of uranium per body).

Like the major vein-style uranium deposits in the western Ore Mountains, the Ronneburg deposit is located on the Gera-Jachymov fault zone, which is called the Crimmitschau fault zone in this particular area. The black shales also contain high amounts of sulfides (marcasite, pyrite) and carbon. Wismut tested several different methods to mine this deposit in the 1950s and 1960s.

Lubricants and fuels used by automobiles are harmful when they leak into the groundwater. Oil refineries and particularly the mining of unconventional oil like oil shales and oil sands can be extremely harmful for the surrounding water resources and bodies of water. In addition to that runoff of impervious surfaces like roads or parking lots can be contaminated with all sorts of pollutants.

This was in a response to the death of two young girls who died in a house fire in 2006. The program has also been criticized. Hollywood Reporter described it as a phony and self-aggrandizing promotional vehicle for Oprah. Tom Shales of the Washington Post described the show as having an "unsavory aura of exploitation" and as being trite and predictable.

Various radiolarians under the microscope Lithologically the up to 50 meter thick Ruhpolding Formation consists of black-green to red radiolarites grading into cherty limestones, cherty marls and cherty shales. It has formed from radiolarian ooze. The ooze consolidated diagenetically to thinly layered and regularly banded cherts. The chert layers are usually separated by very thin claystone layers creating a cyclic appearance.

The production of oil and gas are important to Algeria's economy, being Africa's main producer of the latter. Its reserves were estimated at 4.502 trillion m3 at the end of 2008. Productive fields are found in anticlines, faulted anticlines or domes; the reservoirs being in Cambro-Ordovician, Triassic, Devonian, and Carboniferous sandstones. Caprocks include Triassic evaporites and Carboniferous to Devonian shales.

Givet Pointe geology presents several unusual aspects. Of educational interest, they justify National Nature Reserve classification. The Meuse valley deeply cuts into limestone and it is here that Jules Gosselet defined the Givétien stratotype in 1879. But rocks diversity is broad; in addition to a limestone known as , there are shales, sandstones, an old fluorite quarry and many fossils, notably trilobites.

Banffia constricta is known from hundreds of fossils found in the Burgess Shales. It is up to 10 cm in length, and divided equally into anterior and posterior parts. The entire body is twisted in a clockwise spiral, as seen from the front. This is believed to be a secondary adaptation from an initial bilateral condition for a burrowing lifestyle.

The Nama assemblage is best represented in Namibia. Three-dimensional preservation is most common, with organisms preserved in sandy beds containing internal bedding. Dima Grazhdankin believes that these fossils represent burrowing organisms, while Guy Narbonne maintains they were surface dwellers. These beds are sandwiched between units comprising interbedded sandstones, siltstones and shales – with microbial mats, where present, usually containing the fossils.

General anatomy of a polychaete Polychaetes are rare in the Maotianshan Shales, in China, also dating back to the lower Cambrian. This is particularly surprising because the Chinese field has a very wide biological variety. The only Cambrian field containing polychaetes is that of Burgess Shale, in Canada, a little later. Phragmochaeta, therefore, represents an exception as the oldest known polychaete.

Toolbrunup is among the highest peaks in the Stirling Ranges of Australia. Toolbrunup is made from sediments deposited during the Ediacaran Period and later metamorphosed to quartzites and shales. These formation rocks were later folded during basement rock movement. The first European to climb the peak was Ensign Robert Dale, who did so in 1832 when he passed through the area.

Average total organic carbon (TOC) content in the Barnett Shale is about 4% and TOC is as high as 12% in samples from outcrops along the Llano uplift on the south flank of the Fort Worth Basin.Henk et al., 2000; Jarvie et al., 2001 It has geochemical characteristics similar to other Devonian-Mississippian black shales found elsewhere in the US (e.g.

About 7.9% of the crust by volume is composed of sedimentary rocks, with 82% of those being shales, while the remainder consists of limestone (6%), sandstone and arkoses (12%). Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils. Sedimentary rocks form under the influence of gravity and typically are deposited in horizontal or near horizontal layers or strata, and may be referred to as stratified rocks.

A Silurian reef complex in Gotland. The reef belongs to the Sundre formation, and overlies the Hamra. Gotland is made up of a sequence of sedimentary rocks of a Silurian age, dipping to the south-east. The main Silurian succession of limestones and shales comprises thirteen units spanning of stratigraphic thickness, being thickest in the south, and overlies a thick Ordovician sequence.

The area of Fylingdales is of land and inland water. The chief crops grown were barley and oats but most of the land was in pasture or moorland. The cliffs are Upper Lias shale capped by Dogger and False Bedded Sandstones and shales of the Lower Oolite. The height varies from to above the ordnance datum on the cliffs to on the moors.

It also occurs in masses. Color ranges from yellow to dark brown or black, the latter being due to the presence of manganese. Siderite is commonly found in hydrothermal veins, and is associated with barite, fluorite, galena, and others. It is also a common diagenetic mineral in shales and sandstones, where it sometimes forms concretions, which can encase three-dimensionally preserved fossils.

The alternation of the two facies implies a series of alluvial progradation-retractions into the Cretaceous carbonate lakes. The low textural and compositional maturity of conglomerates and sandstones implies the basin was supplied from areas close to the basin margins.Clemente, 2013, p.21 ;Itapema Formation The Itapema Formation is several hundreds of metres thick and consists of calcirudites (limestones) and dark shales.

Clemente, 2013, p.23 ;Santos Formation The Santos Formation is thick and consists of reddish lithic conglomerates and sandstones, interbedded with grey shales and reddish clays. These facies are interbedded and change laterally into the Itajai-Açu and Juréia Formations. The sedimentary environment is thought to be transitional continental to marginal marine, ranging from alluvial to braided rivers and deltas.

Newman (1995), p.19 Settlements in the area included Cardiff, Barry, Bridgend, Cowbridge, Penarth and Porthcawl. A Victorian map of Glamorgan The northern part of the county is a mountainous area, dissected by deep narrow valleys. At the southern edge of the Brecon Beacons, the simple geological structure of Old Red Sandstone gives way to Carboniferous rocks; limestone, shales and millstone grit.

The Colo River valley. The Wollemi National Park is located on the western edge of the Sydney Basin. It sits on four strata of sedimentary rock; the Narrabeen and Hawkesbury sandstone and shale, the Illawarra and Singleton Permian coal measures and the Wianamatta shales. The strata at this area of the Sydney Basin have an upwards tilt to the north-west.

Alluaudite is a relatively common alkaline manganese iron phosphate mineral with formula (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3. It occurs as metasomatic replacement in granitic pegmatites and within phosphatic nodules in shales. It was first described in 1848 for an occurrence in Skellefteå, Västerbotten, Sweden. It was named by Alexis Damour after François Alluaud (II) (1778–1866).

Myllokunmingia is a genus of basal chordate from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shales of China, thought to be a vertebrate, although this is not conclusively proven. It is 28 mm long and 6 mm high. It is among the oldest possible craniates, found in the lower Cambrian Chengjiang (). It appears to have a skull and skeletal structures made of cartilage.

Mobil discovered Cretaceous basal sand at Amal in 1959, but early results did not recognize its full potential. Before drilling the C-1-65 well, BP drilled six tests to basement in C-65, 80, and 81. None had high hydrocarbon shows. Eocene, Paleocene, and Cretaceous carbonates were generally freshwater bearing, and basement highs were draped in Late Cretaceous shales.

In the Lower Eocene, Basin conditions became restricted, producing an alternating dolomite and anhydrite sequence with a consistent thickness. The mid-Eocene saw development of a wide carbonate platform, richly nummulitic, also constant in thickness. There are argillaceous limestone interbeds, marl, and occasional calcareous sandstones. The Late Eocene reflects more frequent lateral variations of interbedded limestones, dolomites, marls, and shales.

Recent to Oligocene succession consists of; (1) lower zone of fine to coarse sands with some clay partings and dolomite beds; (2) middle zone of gray-green, red-brown shales and clays; and (3) an upper zone of largely unconsolidated, slightly feldspathic sands. This is typical of the area where total thickness is 914 m, almost equally divided into the three main components.

Lakes and east-flowing rivers became the dominant resting place for sediment following the retreat of the Cretaceous Seaway. The shales and sandstones of the locally thick Wahweap Formation were deposited in moving water (fluvial setting). This formation is part of the Grey Cliffs of the Grand Staircase mentioned previously. It contains abundant fossils of vertebrates, including dinosaurs such as the hadrosaurs.

The Elko Formation, also known as Elko Shale(s), is an oil shale geologic formation in Elko County, northern Nevada, United States. The deltaic and lacustrine shales and limestones preserve fossils dating back to the Middle Eocene of the Paleogene to Middle Miocene of the Neogene period. The frog genus Elkobatrachus and ant species Pseudocamponotus elkoanus were named after the formation.

Among air pollution, water contamination is a huge factor mainly because oil shales are dealing with oxygen and hydrocarbons. There is changes in the landscape with mining sites due to oil shale mining and the production using chemical products. Toomik, Arvi, and Valdo Liblik. 1998. “Oil Shale Mining and Processing Impact on Landscapes in North-East Estonia” 41: 285–92.

The productive section in the field is associated with a regional unconformity between the Oligocene Icotea Formation and the older Eocene sandstones. Shales and other tight formations in the Icotea Formation provide the trap preventing vertical migration. On the east side of the field a large strike-slip fault provides additional trapping of oil, preventing it from moving laterally to the east.

Extract of the 1899 Ordnance Survey map, showing Prince Llewellyn and Chwarel Fedw quarries The quarry worked slate from the Nod Glas Formation which outcrops along the Conwy Valley. Through most of its length, the Nod Glas is black shale, but in the area around Dolwyddelan a syncline compressed the shales and it developed enough cleavage to be worked as slate.

Sedimentary organic matter includes the organic carbon component of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The organic matter is usually a component of sedimentary material even if it is present in low abundance (usually lower than 1%). Petroleum (or oil) and natural gas are particular examples of sedimentary organic matter. Coals and bitumen shales are examples of sedimentary rocks rich in sedimentary organic matter.

Haikouella is an agnathan chordate from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shales of Chengjiang County in Yunnan Province, China. It is similar to the form Yunnanozoon, which is possibly a hemichordate. Abstract Still, there are anatomical differences from Yunnanozoon, including a larger stomach and smaller (0.1 mm) pharyngeal teeth. Haikouella does not have bones or a movable jaw, but it otherwise resembles vertebrates.

Beds are often laminated and invertebrate fossils (gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, echinoids and isolated coral fragments) are common in some beds, while others are devoid of fossils.D'Orazi Porchetti et al., 2010, p.8 In the south-western Majunga Basin, interbedded limestones and mudstones (shales and marls) above the Aalenian Sandstone were attributed to a Bajocian carbonate platform formed by the Bemaraha Formation.

The geology of Rwanda comprises Mesoproterozoic metasediments, largely quartzites, sandstones, and shales of the Burundian Supergroup which are locally intruded by granite. There are four types of granite in the Kibaran Belt. In eastern Rwanda are the “older granites” along with granitic-gneisses and migmatites of Palaeoproterozoic age. In the northwest and southwest are Neogene volcanics, ranging in age from Cenozoic to recent.

The rocks underlying Burnett Village and the immediately surrounding fields are the limestones and shales of the Lias Group.British Geological Survey, Geology of the Bristol district: the Lower Jurassic rocks. Memoir for 1:63,360 Bristol geological special sheet. 1984. The village itself is underlain by Blue Lias limestones, while the White Lias is found in the fields to the immediate south and west.

It is a complex formation containing coal seams and is made up of clay and shales. Coal was locally worked near Burnett in the past. South of the fault, towards Compton Dando, the red colour of the fields indicates that the valley is underlain by the Mercia Mudstone. In the floodplain of the river there are alluvial deposits of clay soils.

Coprolite from the Whitemud Formation in southern Saskatchewan. Plant fossils and palynomorphs found in the carbonaceous shales indicate the presence of aquatic plants such as water lilies, as well as trees and shrubs related to figs, hickories and redwoods. Coprolites provide the only evidence of vertebrates. In southern Saskatchewan the formation contains scattered coprolites that represent feces of fish, most probably sturgeons.

The Bullhead Group overlies a major regional unconformity caused by pre-Bullhead erosion. It rests unconformably on the Fernie Formation, the Nikanassin Formation, the Minnes Group or the Kootenay Group, depending on the location and the extent of the erosion. It is overlain conformably by the glauconitic sandstones and marine shales at the base of the Fort St. John Group.

Oil spills and their cleanup have become an issue of increasing political, environmental, and economic importance. With the advent of hydraulic fracturing and other horizontal drilling techniques, shale play has seen an enormous uptick in production. Areas such as the Permian Basin and Eagle-Ford shales are now huge hotbeds of production for the largest oil corporations in the United States.

The remainder is less straightforward and includes Portland and Purbeck stone, other limestones, calcareous clays and shales. Draper (pp. 136–137) Portland and Purbeck stone are of national importance as a building material and for restoring some of Britain's most famous landmarks. Almost every type of rock known from the Early Jurassic to the Eocene epochs can be found in the county.

At best, the direct combustion of oil shales produces carbon emissions similar to those from the lowest form of coal, lignite, at 2.15 moles CO2/MJ, an energy source which is also politically contentious due to its high emission levels. For both power generation and oil extraction, the CO2 emissions can be reduced by better utilization of waste heat from the product streams.

The Kootenai Formation is a Lower Cretaceous geologic formation. The Kootenai was deposited in a foreland basin east of the Sevier thrust belt in western Montana. The lithology consists of a basal conglomerate with overlying non- marine sandstones, shales and lacustrine limestones.Decelles, P. G., Sedimentation in a tectonically partitioned, nonmarine foreland basin: The Lower Cretaceous Kootenai Formation, southwestern Montana, GSA Bulletin, 1997, v.

The Caballos Formation has a maximum thickness of in the Quebrada Bambucá and is characterized by a lower sequence of fine to coarse sandstones, of lithic arenite, quartz arenite and feldspar arenite composition, a middle section of fossiliferous black shales and siltstones, intercalated by micritic limestones and coals and very fine sandstones. The upper part of the formation contains conglomerates and glauconitic sandstones.

There are several ongoing researches targeting a suitable replacement of Portland cement by supplementary cementitious materials. The low cost and widespread availability of the limestone, shales, and other naturally-occurring materials used in Portland cement make it one of the lowest-cost materials widely used over the last century. Concrete produced from Portland cement is one of the world's most versatile construction materials.

White spruce growing in the riparian zone of the Sautauriski River, Québec White spruce occurs on a wide variety of soils, including soils of glacial, lacustrine, marine, and alluvial origins; overlying basic dolomites, limestones and acidic Precambrian and Devonian granites and gneisses; and Silurian sedimentary schists, shales, slates, and conglomerates (Halliday 1937).Halliday, W.E.D. (1937). "A forest classification for Canada." Can. Dep.

She doesn't seem particularly real." Tom Shales of the Washington Post wrote: "Three generations of an African American family share—sometimes—what looks like an enormous house in the Atlanta suburbs, and things sort of happen to them. Some things happen repeatedly, such as the patriarch of the family telling everybody to 'get out' or 'go home,' apparently desiring the company of none of them...At times one wishes that, yes, House were Payne-less...(T)he program has a long way to go before jelling as a believable unit...(T)he acting styles conflict or seem barely to exist." Shales also criticized the program for some of the subject matter, such as Janine's crack addiction, stating that "It's commendable to try to introduce serious and topical material in sitcoms, but the way it's done here is awkward and cringe-inducing.

This sandy bank has been exposed by the River Wey as it cuts through the Upper Greensand stratum (mid Cretaceous) near Shalford During the Early Cretaceous epoch (from about 145 to about 100 million years ago) Surrey alternated between a fresh-to-brackish water embayment depositing Hastings Beds and Weald Clay, comprising shales and mudstones that are often finely banded. Offshore muds (now shales and mudstones) of the Atherfield Clay were deposited followed by shallow marine sands of the Hythe, Sandgate and Folkestone Beds. Where not eroded to lower heights, there is then a marine layer of the sands of the Hythe Beds topped by chert seen on today's remaining Greensand Hills. Instead of the mudstone and sandstone-producing three beds mentioned before Hythe Beds, west of Dorking the marine Bargate Beds made of calcareous (chalk and limestone-rich) sandstone were deposited.

The Albacora field consists of several producing horizons of Albian to Miocene sandstone turbidites, with an area of 235 km2.Candido, A., and Cora, C.A.G., 1992, The Marlim and Albacora Giant Fields, Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Reflection seismology in 1972 disclosed a faulted anticline and seismic amplitude bright spot, which was drilled by wildcat 1-RJS-297 in 1984 and discovered oil. The stratigraphy of the Campos Basin starts with the Lower Cretaceous Lago Feia Formation a source rock, followed by the Albian Macae Formation consisting of shallow water carbonates overlain by late Albian shales, marls, calcilutites, and turbidite sandstones. From this formation through most of the Cenozoic, the Campos Formation was deposited, consisting of deep water turbiditic sandstones and shales, the main producers in the Albacora and Marlim fields.

The Marlim field consists of a single Oligocene producing horizon of sandstone turbidites, with an area of 152 km2.Candido, A., and Cora, C.A.G., 1992, The Marlim and Albacora Giant Fields, Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Reflection seismology in 1972 disclosed a faulted anticline and seismic amplitude bright spot, which was drilled by wildcat 1-RJS-219A in 1985 and discovered oil. The stratigraphy of the Campos Basin starts with the Lower Cretaceous Lago Feia Formation a source rock, followed by the Albian Macae Formation consisting of shallow water carbonates overlain by late Albian shales, marls, calcilutites, and turbidite sandstones. From this formation through most of the Cenozoic, the Campos Formation was deposited, consisting of deep water turbiditic sandstones and shales, the main producers in the Albacora and Marlim fields.

The rocks in Throsby are from the Canberra Formation, which is middle Silurian in age. The rocks are sedimentary shales and mudstones which have been modified by pressure and folding. The rock in the hills to the east (including Old Joe) is grey quartz andesite from the Ainslie Volcanics.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.

In the Jumla area of western Nepal, Gondwana strata unconformably overly the caronbate rocks of the Uppermost Nawakot Unit of Mesoproterozoic age. The Gondwanas here are characterized by quartzose sandstones, black shales, quartz pebble conglomerates as well as coal and lignite. They are dated as Jurassic to Paleocene. The lithology of Gondwanas here is quite similar to that of the Amile Formation in central Nepal.

The bottom and most important is mostly pebbles – quartz and quartzites with occasional grits and rarely some igneous. These are set in a medium to coarse grained sand matrix. the pebbles can be up to 100 mm long. The upper parts of the district is characterised by massive posts of medium to fine sandstone up to 6 m thick separated by chocolate coloured shales which are micaceous.

An AVO anomaly is most commonly expressed as increasing (rising) AVO in a sedimentary section, often where the hydrocarbon reservoir is "softer" (lower acoustic impedance) than the surrounding shales. Typically amplitude decreases (falls) with offset due to geometrical spreading, attenuation and other factors. An AVO anomaly can also include examples where amplitude with offset falls at a lower rate than the surrounding reflective events.

Zuhlke, R, Bouaoudab, M. Ouajhainb, B, Bechst, T., Leinfelder, R. Quantitative Meso-Cenozoic development of the eastern Central Atlantic continental shelf, western High Atlas, Morocco. Marine and Petroleum Geology, Issue 21, pages 225-276. These mid-Cretaceous shales also serve as source rock for reservoirs found in Paleogene turbidites and basin fan complexes. During the Cenozoic, shale intervals deposited in the Miocene reach thicknesses over 1,000 meters.

The Chugwater consists mainly of siltstone and shales with interspersed sandstones. While this composition will lend itself to breaking easily and not outcropping, the shear size of the formation causes there to be large outcrops. Though most sedimentary structures are not visible due to the gypsum interruption, there are a few examples of ripple marks and occasional crossbedding. Examples of infilled mudcracks of irregular shape, are common.

The Helvetic nappes () are a series of nappes in the Northern part of the Alps and part of the Helvetic zone. They consist of Mesozoic limestones, shales and marls that were originally deposited on the southern continental margin of the European continent. During the Alpine orogeny they were thrusted north over a décollement and at the same time were internally deformed by folding and thrusting.

They are found on Carboniferous clay and shales typical of the Supra-Pennant Measures. They are frequently waterlogged where the topography dictates. They tend towards being acid and are brown to grey brown in colour. In the south and south east of the area there are coal measures which are sufficiently near the surface for coal mining to have taken place around Clutton and High Littleton.

Triassic rocks cover the largest area. In the South German Block, extensively outcropping Mesozoic rocks dip towards the south-east. Due to the alternating layering of weathering/erosion-prone shales and more resistant sandstones and limestones, a cuesta landscape has formed there in the past several million years. The most conspicuous of these cuestas is the White Jura of Franconia and the Swabian Jura.

73 The depositional environments have been described in detail by Wanke in 2000 as follows:Wanke, 2000, pp.22–23 ;Western and central domain Stromatolitic bioherms acted as a barrier towards the open sea in the west. Their preferred E-W orientation coincides with tidal- and wave induced currents perpendicular to the palaeo-coastline. Lagoonal environments were established landwards of the bioherm belts, in which laminated shales developed.

The Timahdit and Tarfaya deposits were discovered during the 1960s. These deposits were researched and tested during the 1970s and 1980s. Over 2,200 tons of Timahdit and Tarfaya oil shales were processed in pilot plants in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan. Following these tests, in 1984–1986 the Moroccan Office of Hydrocarbons and Mining (ONHYM) developed and tested a shale oil extraction process called T3.

Septarian calcite concretions and calcite geodes are numerous, and the shale forms the less steep canyon walls covered by talus slopes. A prominent band of jointed white sandstone about thick marks the middle of this formation. Lavender, gray and white shales lie below this sandstone, while an orange shale lies between this sandstone and the Trujillo Formation above. The Quartermaster and Tecovas Formations make up Capital Peak.

The first horizontal well in the Barnett Shale was drilled in 1991, but was not widely done in the Barnett until it was demonstrated that gas could be economically extracted from vertical wells in the Barnett. As of 2013, massive hydraulic fracturing is being applied on a commercial scale to shales in the United States, Canada, and China. Several additional countries are planning to use hydraulic fracturing.

The 200 m thick Estana Formation is made up of limestones and calcareous shales. Its end–Ordovician limestones contain a benthic fauna (brachiopods, bryozoans, cystoids) as well as conodonts. The succession ends with the badly layered Ansobell Formation (20 to 300 m), dark schists that bear microconglomerates indicating a glaciomarine depositional environment. The Ansobell Formation can develop an unconformity and sometimes follows directly upon the Cava Formation.

Branchiosaurids mostly inhabited Permo-Carboniferous freshwater mountain-lake habitats of Middle Europe at an altitude of up to 2000 meters. Large quantities of specimens have been collected from the grey shales and limestones of Rotliegend localities of the Variscan orogen. The branchiosaurid fossil record is exceptional due to Lagerstatten conditions of these localities and the preservation of specimens representing various ontogenetic stages.Frobisch, N.B. and Schoch, R.R. 2009.

The Lower Ludlow rocks are mainly grey, greenish and brown mudstones and sandy and calcareous shales. They contain an abundance of fossils. The Lower Ludlow series has been zoned by means of Monograptus species of Graptolites by E. M. R. Wood. The zonal forms in order from older/lower to younger/upper are: Monograptus vulgaris; Monograptus nilssoni; Monograptus scanicus; Monograptus tumescens; and Monograptus leintwardinensis.

The Fernie Formation is composed primarily of brown and dark gray to black shales that range from massive with conchoidal fracture to laminated and highly fractured or papery. Phosphatic sandstone and limestone, including cherty limestone, occur locally in the lower parts of the formation; siltstone, sandstone, coquinas and oolitic limestone interbeds can occur in the center; glauconitic sandstone and siltstone can be present in the upper parts.

Bobdownsite is the fluorine bearing mineral of the whitlockite group of phosphate minerals whose formula is Ca9(Mg)(PO4)6(PO3F). It is isotypic with whitlockite and was misidentified as such until proper chemical analysis. Whitlockites structure and relationships with other phosphate compounds has been extensively studied. Bobdownsite was first recovered from Big Fish River, Yukon, Canada from a Lower Cretaceous outcrop of bedded ironstones and shales.

Geological formations include Mesozoic sandstones and shales. The habitat is characterized by mixed deciduous forest with an abundance of bamboo resulting from regular forest burning. Afzelia forms at the upper canopy with teak at lower elevations. Apart from wild elephants (about 350), gibbons, gaurs, tigers, dholes, serows, silvered langurs, Asiatic black bears, and Sumatran rhinos are the wild life species reported in the protected area.

Towards the east in Assam, Nummulitic limestone is found in the Khasi hills. Oil is associated with these rocks of the Oligo-Miocene age. Along the foothills of the Himalayas the Siwalik molasse is composed of sandstones, conglomerates and shales with thicknesses of to and ranging from Eocene to Pliocene. These rocks are famous for their rich fossil vertebrate fauna including many fossil hominoids.

West Virginia's Cambrian sea persisted on into the ensuing Ordovician. West Virginia was home to graptolites at that time and they left their remains behind in what would later become dark colored shales. At the same time, mountains were being uplifted in the eastern part of the state. West Virginia's Silurian rocks preserve evidence for the mixing of both marine and non-marine environments.

Started as a pilot plant, the process of converting it to commercial scale plant took about 20 years. During this period, the company has modernized more than 70% of the equipment compared to the initial design. In 1978, a 12.5-tonnes pilot plant was built in Verkhne-Sinevidnoy, Ukraine. It was used for testing of Lviv–Volinsk lignite, and Carpathian, Kashpir (Russia) and Rotem (Israel) oil shales.

Former clay pit in Marloffstein The Lower Toarcian is characterized by the widespread occurrence of organic-rich mudstones, termed black shales, in western Europe and other parts of the world. It is considered to represent mostly marine units, including Pelagic, epicontinental and on a more less presence, deltaic and seashore environments.KAUFFMAN, E. (1981). Ecological reappraisal of the German Posidonienschiefer (Toarcian) and the stagnant basin model.

Steeply-tilted layers of flysch on the coast at Zumaia, Spain Flysch () is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones. It is deposited when a deep basin forms rapidly on the continental side of a mountain building episode. Examples are found near the North American Cordillera, the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Carpathians.

Throughout the series' run, the character received positive reviews. Tom Shales of The Washington Post called House "the most electrifying character to hit television in years". House was featured on several best lists. In 2008, House was voted by BuddyTV second sexiest TV doctor ever, behind Dr. Doug Ross (George Clooney) from ER. TV Overmind named House the best TV character of the last decade.

The southern part of Acton has a complicated arrangement of sediments that include the Pittman Formation greywacke and the black coloured Acton Shale Member from the Ordovician age. Then from the Silurian age there is mudstone, State Circle Shale, and Camp Hill Sandstone. Some limestone is found near the National Museum of Australia. Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation are overlain by Quaternary alluvium on the north.

The Guadalupe Hill is the type locality for the Campanian-Maastrichtian Guadalupe Group, a sequence of three formations of sandstones and shales; Arenisca Dura, Plaeners, Arenisca de Labor and Arenisca Tierna. The thickness of the Guadalupe Group, defined as formation by some authors, at Guadalupe Hill is .Guerrero Uscátegui, 1992, pp.4-5 Approximately 53% of the Eastern Hills consists of the Guadalupe Group.

In terms of geology, the eastern part of North Macedonia including the Bregalnica basin belongs to the Rodopic system (Serbian-Macedonian massif) containing mostly crystallized shales and granites. The formation of these mountains occurred in the Paleozoic, with faults introduced later in the Tertiary. Nowadays, the watershed is characterized by a very varied relief structure, which includes plains, valleys, hilly areas, and mountainous areas.

Underlying the reserve are sedimentary rocks such as sandstones and shales. Most of the reserve is California interior chaparral and woodlands habitat, with some valley and foothill grasslands, blue oak woodland, mixed riparian woodland, and intermittent ephemeral foothill stream. The reserve provides habitat for many wildlife species including 108 bird species, eight amphibian species, eighteen reptile species, 43 mammal species, and more than 290 plant species.

The Usme Formation (, Tsu, Teu) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of a lower part with predominantly shales with intercalated sandstone beds and an upper sequence with sandstones and conglomerates. The Usme Formation dates to the Neogene and Paleogene periods; Late Eocene to Early Oligocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of .

An expert on the Late Jurassic, he has spent more than twenty-five years excavating fossils across the western United States, authoring and coauthoring more than 55 professional papers, ranging from Triassic to Cretaceous, with a few Cambrian and Cenozoic studies appearing as well. In addition to dinosaurs, he has spent over a decade working in the Cambrian shales of the western United States.

Shafer Canyon Overlook, Canyonlands. The exposed geology of the Canyonlands area is complex and diverse; 12 formations are exposed in Canyonlands National Park that range in age from Pennsylvanian to Cretaceous. The oldest and perhaps most interesting was created from evaporites deposited from evaporating seawater. Various fossil-rich limestones, sandstones, and shales were deposited by advancing and retreating warm shallow seas through much of the remaining Paleozoic.

Two types of Early Cambrian animal apparently having fins, vertebrate musculature, and gills are known from the early Cambrian Maotianshan shales of China: Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia. They have been tentatively assigned to Agnatha by Janvier. A third possible agnathid from the same region is Haikouella. A possible agnathid that has not been formally described was reported by Simonetti from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia.

This mud type can be used as a completion and workover fluid, a spotting fluid to relieve a stuck pipe and as packer or casing fluid. They are very good for "Gumbo" shales. The mud weight can be controlled from 7–22 lbs/gal. It is sensitive to temperature but does not dehydrate as in the case of water based mud as mentioned before.

But on the edge of the foothills, where the layers were scraped and pushed only slightly upward, the western edge of their remnant still stands at about a 45-degree angle - the Dakota Ridge. The top layer is a hard sandstone, the Dakota Sandstone, from which the ridge gets its name. It protects the softer shales and limestones beneath it from weathering and erosion.

Regional geology consists of shales over a Late Ordovician to Early Silurian formation. Iron-manganese and iron ore occurrences were reported in 1836 during a geological survey conducted by the state of Maine. The Woodstock Iron Works ran from 1848 to 1884, closing because of competition from the United States. Today Minco owns 100% of an 880 hectare manganese claim, about 6.3 km northwest of Woodstock.

The Río Cachirí Group (, PZc) is a geological group of the Cesar-Ranchería Basin, Colombia and the Serranía del Perijá of the northernmost Colombian and Venezuelan Andes. The group of shales, sandstones and limestones is of Devonian age and has a maximum thickness in the Venezuelan section of . The group contains abundant fauna; crinoids, bryozoa, brachiopods and molluscs have been found in the group.

Formed between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, Brazil has numerous offshore basins that contain oil, related to the rifting of the Atlantic Ocean. The Sergipe-Alagoas Basin is an example of Aptian age shale, conglomerate and sandstone deposited in the final phase of rifting, while the Miranga, Aracas, Dom Joao and Agua Grande fields reflect mid-Mesozoic lake-bed shales, with high oil-content Jurassic sandstones above them.

The Drakensberg and Maluti Mountains foothills raise the terrain to over 2,000 m in the east. The Free State lies in the heart of the Karoo Sequence of rocks, containing shales, mudstones, sandstones and the Drakensberg Basalt forming the youngest capping rocks. Mineral deposits are plentiful, with gold and diamonds being of particular importance, mostly found in the north and west of the province.

The uppermost facies association appears to reflect an environment on the fringes of the sea. Fining-up is observed on to scales, with trough cross bedding at the bases of units overlain by current ripples. Fine sandstones and green shales are also present. The upper units are strongly bioturbated, with an abundance of vertical burrow such as Skolithos \- a fossil typically found in marine environments.

As the hills rose, erosion cut away at the rocks, carving valleys in the soft shales and leaving the harder sandstones as hills. The Briones Formation and several other geologic units have common seashell fossils, telling us they began as layers of sand in a shallow sea. The Martinez formation is named for the town. The Hambre formation is named for Arroyo del Hambre Creek.

This region consists of Cambo-Silarian sedimentary rocks (i.e., rocks from the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian formed 545-417 million years before the present) that are highly metamorphosed by the Caledonian orogeny 490-390 million years ago (Ma). The mountain formation created extensive folding with numerous anticlines and synclines across much of Norway. In addition to Cambrosilurian shales, there are numerous volcanic intrusive sills and dikes.

This so-called Loessnitz-Zwoenitz-Trough runs east-west, broadening toward the east. This rock unit is formed by quartzites, meta-black shales, amphibolites and skarns. It is contained within phyllites, which form the major rock type in this area of the Ore Mountains. The rocks of the Loessnitz-Zwoenitz-Trough are called the 'productive series', because they carry nearly all of the mineralisation.

The Kootenay Group conformably overlies the marine shales of the Fernie Formation. In most areas it is disconformably overlain by the nonmarine strata of the Blairmore Group, although in some western areas the contact may be conformable. North of the North Saskatchewan River the Kootenay Group grades into the Nikanassin Formation. To the south it may correlate with the upper part of the Morrison Formation in Montana.

The national park has remarkable geological diversity. The national park has mainly Cuddapah group of rock formation and at some places Vindhyan group of rock formation, shales are the common rock formation of Cuddapah group, which are horizontally bedded, at many places calcareous, the other rock formation is slate. In the northwestern part i.e. Tirathgarh, Kamanar, Kotamsar there is outcrop of limestone, sandstone, quartzite and laterites.

The formation's thick bedding, extensive cementation and dolomitisation have made it a generally stable engineering material.Rose (2001), pp. 99–100 Tunnelling has been possible almost throughout the Rock, with the exception of one region where it has been precluded due to high ground water pressures. In some areas, zones of weak rock or intrusions of the underlying or overlying 'shales' have caused tunnel instability.

On March 17, 1874 they began the return journey. They were to visit the Pamir and Afghanistan areas but could not do so due to the political situation and returned to India via Ladakh. On June 16, 1874 he had severe headaches as they crossed the Karakoram pass (5580 m). That night, he wrote.... :...upon this followed massive dolomitic limestone and this was overlain with blue shales.

The Ariri Formation, originally deposited as flat evaporite layers, has undergone extensive diapirism and canpoy formation during the Albian to Paleocene. The Ariri Formation is in the thick and may be up to thick in other areas of the basin. It is predominantly composed of evaporites. The formation is characterized by thick intervals of white halite, associated with white anhydrite, ochre greyish calcilutites, shales and marls.

Priscacara is an extinct genus of perch from the middle Eocene. It is characterized by a sunfish-like body and its stout dorsal and anal spines.Grande, L. (1984). Paleontology of the Green River Formation, with a review of the fish fauna. Geological Survey of Wyoming Bulletin 63: 1-333 The fish is best known from the Green River Shales of Wyoming, Utah and Colorado.

These claystones are interspersed with sandy siltstones and quartz sandstones. Towards the middle of the segment arise shales and albitized limestone, somewhat calcareous. At this level appear a brecciated and mineralized zone with veins of calcite and sheets of oxidized sulphides. The upper part of the segment is interspersed with layers of gray claystones with layers of siltstones containing fauna depicted in ammonite molds.

There were occasional redbed vestiges at the shale- basement contact and bitumen veining. Many wells proved expensive due to lost circulation in Paleocene-Cretaceous carbonates and caving in underlying Late Cretaceous shales. This was so severe that the Sarir field was nearly bypassed because oil was not anticipated in the Nubian Formation. However BP's chief geologist insisted a basement core be taken in every well.

The rock formation consists of three members: lower shale, middle dolomite, and upper shale. The shales were deposited in relatively deep anoxic marine conditions, and the dolomite was deposited as a coastal carbonate bank during a time of shallower, well-oxygenated water. The middle dolomite member is the principal oil reservoir, roughly below the surface. Both the upper and lower shale members are organic-rich marine shale.

Kues and Giles 2004, pp.98-100 More recently, Lucas et al. have recommended abandoning the names Los Moyos Formation and Wild Cow Formation and using Grey Mesa Formation and Atrasado Formation throughout the Madera Group. The group is underlain at most locations by the Sandia Formation, with its base typically placed at the first massive marine limestone bed above the shales of the Sandia Formation.

The Cabos Series is equivalent to the Oville and Barrios Formations and is 4 km thick. Black shales, called the Luarca Slates are Llanvirnian to Llandeilian age (middle to upper Ordovician) and are 0.5 to 1 km thick. The Agüeira Formation consists of turbidites of Caradocian age and is 3 km thick. Following a disconformity the Silurian black slates are laid down 0.4 km thick.

Resistant quartzite, conglomerates and sandstones form the ridge caps while less resistant shales and limestones eroded to form the intervening valleys. The province is part of the Appalachian Mountains. Garden Mountain extends from Abingdon to the New River, where the ridge of Garden Mountain continues across the river but is now named Sinking Creek Mountain. The mountain completely surrounds Burkes Garden, an unusual geologic formation.

Dark shales show some signs of folding and the presence of marine rocks indicates a marine transgression in the Cambrian through the Silurian. However, little is known about the Paleozoic due to widespread erosion which eliminated almost all rocks from the time. Leached, quartz soil developed. The Wajid Sandstone is the redeposited remains of the peneplain ground surface, which formed a delta and dunes in the Permian.

The epoch was named after Llandovery in Wales. The GSSP for the Silurian is located in a section at Dob's Linn in an artificial excavation created just north of the Linn Branch Stream. Two lithological units (formations) occur near the boundary. The lower is the Hartfell Shale (48m thick), consisting chiefly of pale gray mudstone with subordinate black shales and several interbedded meta-bentonites.

It is one of the largest members of the Arctic Archipelago, the second-largest of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canada's sixth-largest island, and the 27th-largest island in the world. It has an area of (slightly smaller than Croatia). The bedrock is Precambrian gneiss and Paleozoic siltstones and shales. The highest point is the Devon Ice Cap at which is part of the Arctic Cordillera.

King County Geologic Cross Section King County Geologic Map The Tukwila Formation is a geological formation is King county, Washington within the Puget Group. It is named after Tukwila area, which is close to the formation. The formation consists of various fossils of marine origin. The Tukwila formation is mainly composed of andesitic to dacitic volcanic sandstone, siltstone, shale, tuff-breccia, tuff, lahar, and carbonaceous shales.

The Dunvegan Formation is conformably overlain by marine shales of the Kaskapau Formation in the Peace River Country and overlies conformably and transitionally the shale of the Fort St. John Group. The relationship between the Dunvegan and the overlying/underlying units is diachronous and the boundaries of the Dunvegan are placed at the first and last appearances of sandstone within the shale- dominated succession.

The rock formations are marine sediments, remnants of the prehistoric Tethys Sea, which used to cover the area running roughly east–west, halfway across the present Dead Sea. Along the Zarqa, crystalline limestone alternating with shale was found. The next layer is a 20-30 meter high layer of gypsum, argillaceous marly lime, shales and iron-rich stone and sandstone. This layer is rich in fossils.

The largest reservoirs are within the Central Basin Platform, the Northwestern and Eastern shelves, and within Delaware Basin sandstones. The Primary lithologies of the major hydrocarbon reservoirs are limestone, dolomite, and sandstone due to their high porosities. However, advances in hydrocarbon recovery such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have expanded production into unconventional, tight oil shales such as those found in the Wolfcamp Shale.

The rolling landscape of Golden Prairie developed from Mississippian sandstones, shales, and cherty limestone. It contains examples of dry-mesic sandstone prairie, chert prairie, hardpan prairie, and prairie swale. State-endangered species found at Golden Prairie include the prairie mole cricket, the regal fritillary butterfly, and the Arkansas darter. The federally-endangered prairie chicken, formerly common on the prairie, has not been observed for several years.

The area's rich geologic past means a variety of rock formations including basalt, rhyolite, granite, and shales can be seen here. The area has a history of mining, and active and decaying remains of mines can be seen. Motor vehicles are prohibited, except during winter when snowmobiles are allowed. A portion of the Vinegar Hill-Indian Rock Scenic Area lies within the Desolation Watershed.

The greater portion of the county of Dumfries belongs to the Silurian tableland of the south of Scotland which contains representatives of all the divisions of that system from the Arenig to the Ludlow rocks. By far the largest area is occupied by strata of Tarannon and Llandovery age which cover a belt of country from across from Drumlanrig Castle in the north to Torthorwald in the south. Consisting of massive grits, sometimes conglomeratic, greywackes, flags and shales, these beds are repeated by innumerable folds frequently inverted, striking northeast and southwest and usually dipping towards the northwest. In the midst of this belt there are lenticular bands of older strata of Arenig, Llandeilo, Caradoc and Llandovery age composed of fine sediments such as cherts, black and grey shales, white clays and flags, which come to the surface along anticlinal folds and yield abundant graptolites characteristic of these divisions.

The underlying geology of Greater Manchester is dominated by rocks from three main periods from the geologic time scale—Carboniferous, Permian-and-Triassic, and Quaternary. Most of Manchester, and its suburban fringe to the south, is located on Permian sandstones and red Triassic sandstones and mudstones, mantled by thick deposits of till and pockets of sand and gravel deposited by glaciers at the end of the last glacial period, some 15,000 years ago. The oldest rocks, from the Upper Carboniferous period, are sandstones and shales of Millstone Grit present as outcrops and uplands in the north-east of Greater Manchester, such as the upland moors of Dark Peak and South Pennines to the east and northeast of Rochdale, Oldham and Stalybridge. These rocks are overlain by shales, mudstones and thin coals of Coal Measures upon which the towns of Oldham, Rochdale, Bolton and Wigan are located.

The type locality of the Espada Formation is in Hondo Canyon, near Point Arguello, as first described by Thomas Dibblee in his 1950 book on the geology of southwestern Santa Barbara County. While the unit is 1200 meters (4,000 feet) thick at the type locality, it is much thicker elsewhere; along the southern slope of the San Rafael Mountains it is exposed from its base to its top, where it is probably in conformable contact with the Jalama Formation, and the total thickness is around 5300 meters (16,000 feet) – 5 kilometers (three miles) of uninterrupted sedimentary deposition that took place over 50 million years. The formation throughout its geographic range consists of layer upon layer of well-bedded argillaceous silty to sandy shales, with smaller interbeds of arkosic sandstone. The shales are generally brown with a greenish tinge in fresh, unweathered exposures; upon weathering they develop a variety of colors.

To the east are Winter Hill and the West Pennine Moors. Roads lead north to Blackrod, west to Standish, and south to Wigan and Aspull. The Lancaster Canal portion of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal crosses the western part of the township near the River Douglas. Haigh's underlying rocks are the sandstones, shales and ironstones of the Middle Coal Measures of the Lancashire Coalfield and coal and cannel were extensively mined.

Two major formation can be found there. They are older Sisne Formation (or the Lower Gondwanas) and younger Taltung and Amile formations (or the Upper Gondwanas). The Sisne Formation is dominated by glacial diamictite and fluvial deposits. In the upper part of the formation, shales are found to contain fenstellid bryozoan fossils, indicating that the Lower Gondwanas in central Nepal dates from the Late Carboniferous to the Permian.

See also Knudsen diffusion and constrictivity. For example, measurement of permeability through sandstones and shales yielded values from 9.0×10−19 m2 to 2.4×10−12 m2 for water and between 1.7×10−17 m2 to 2.6×10−12 m2 for nitrogen gas.J. P. Bloomfield and A. T. Williams, "An empirical liquid permeability-gas permeability correlation for use in aquifer properties studies". Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology; November 1995; v.

The White Peak area of the Peak District is named after the limestone plateau landscape of the 'Derbyshire Dome'. This limestone outcrop is surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped formation of younger sandstones (gritstones) and shales. Buxton is at the western edge of the limestone region. The layers of carboniferous limestone were deposited in a warm shallow sea in the Brigantian stage of the Carboniferous period (around 330 million years ago).

In the main Lake District outcrop, the group consists of calcareous siltstones and mudstones of the basal Kirkley Bank Formation, micritic limestones of the Broughton Moor Formation and dark blue-gray shales of the Ashgill Formation. Locally volcanic formations are developed, including the Yarlside Volcanic Formation at the base of the Kirkley Bank Formation and the High Haume Tuff and Appletreeworth Formations at the base of the Ashgill Formations.

Onshore studies of outcrops associated with the rift zone have identified Silurian shales and Devonian limestones as potential sources for hydrocarbons. The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic red-brown conglomerates and sandstones have been identified as the potential reservoir. However, wells have not targeted these intervals due to current depths, there is a high probability that potential sources of hydrocarbons have matured past the point of oil and gas generation.

Additionally the species Trochodendron drachukii is known from related Kamloops group shales at the McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, British Columbia. Manchester et al 2018 noted that Tr. drachukii is likely the fruits of Tr. nastae, while Pe. sternhartae are likely the fruits of Te. hopkinsii. If fossils of the fruits and foliage in attachment are found, that would bring the species count down to three whole plant taxa.

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains". The higher eastern side of Hackett is on top of the lowest layer of the Ainslie Volcanics, a grey Dacite and other erupted particles such as agglomerate and tuff.Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.

The advantage of the NTU retort process was simple design, simple operation, and limited need for external fuel. It was suitable for processing of wide variety of oil shales. The disadvantage of this process was a batch mode of operation not allowing continuous retorting, and therefore having small capacity being labor extensive at the same time. The process also had a relatively low oil yield and it required cooling water.

The Seaspray Group lies unconformably above the Latrobe Group, and was deposited in the Oligocene to the Miocene. This group makes up the majority of the seals in the region due to the unconformity with the Latrobe Group, as well as the low permeability of the rock types, which include shales, marls, limestones, calcareous claystones, siltstones, and sandstones. The typical depositional environments of these rock types, are low energy marine environments.

It is the Portpatrick Formation which forms the main northwest facing scarp. There are also small fault-related intercalations of the Moffat Shales in places, particularly within the Shinnel Formation. A disused quarry which formerly exploited an isolated granite intrusion sits to the west of the B7007 road at Broad Law. The scarp lies immediately to the southeast of the Lammermuir Fault, a Caledonoid fault with a downthrow to the northwest.

The Alborz range is composed of a granite core overlain with sedimentary rock including limestones, shales, sandstones, and tuffs. Metamorphic rocks such as schists, marbles, and amphibolite are also widely found. The climate is arid with annual precipitation varying from 150 mm to 500 mm, falling mostly as winter snow. Elevations typically range from , and the highest point in the Middle East, high Mount Damavand, is found here.

The highest point of the Duck Mountains is Baldy Mountain, which is also the highest point in Manitoba at above mean sea level. Observation tower. Geologically, the Duck Mountains are part of the Manitoba Escarpment, along with the Turtle Mountains, the Riding Mountains, and the Porcupine Hills. Their underlying rocks are Cretaceous shales and (below that) sandstone, which overlie deeper deposits of Devonian limestone, which in turn overlie Precambrian granite.

On 20 April 1693, he married firstly Bridget Monson, daughter of Sir John Monson, 2nd Baronet, at St Bride's Church in London. She died in 1699 and Barrington remarried Hon. Anna Marie FitzWilliam, daughter of William FitzWilliam, 1st Earl FitzWilliam on 23 May 1700. He died childless and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his cousin John Shales, who changed his surname to Barrington as a condition of the inheritance.

Part of the formation in the west is composed of carbonates (domal stromatolites with an east to west orientation and thin laminae of less than ). The stromatolites occur in a wide zone, reaching from east of the Uniab Fault to east of the Bergsig Fault system. The eastward sections comprise oolitic conglomeratic horizons of up to thick. The carbonates (mudstones and marls) are overlain by silty, partly calcareous shales.

Earlier investigators had assumed that the sapphire had crystallized from the magma with the necessary high aluminium content provided by assimilation of clay rich shales of the Proterozoic Belt Supergroup sediments which are known to be present at depth in the region. A brilliant cut purple Yogo sapphire. Only about two percent of Yogo sapphires are purple. The Yogo dike is a narrow subvertical sheet-like igneous body.

Cheddar Gorge c. 1907 The area is underlain by Black Rock slate, Burrington Oolite and Clifton Down Limestone of the Carboniferous Limestone Series, which contain ooliths and fossil debris on top of Old Red Sandstone, and by Dolomitic Conglomerate of the Keuper. Evidence for Variscan orogeny is seen in the sheared rock and cleaved shales. In many places weathering of these strata has resulted in the formation of immature calcareous soils.

He later passed Winslow Hall to his son on the latter's marriage in 1766. He was appointed High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire for 1738–39 and was elected MP for Buckinghamshire (1741–1774). He married Essex, the daughter and coheiress of Charles Shales, banker, of London, in St Paul's Cathedral in 1730. They had 1 son (William, who later changed his name to William Shelby to inherit Whaddon Hall) and 2 daughters.

To the south of the previous area there is the Bükkic unit, which bears the signs of the transitional zone between the Western Carpathians and the Dinarides. Rock of the Bükkic occurs in the north Hungarian mountain Bükk. It consists generally of the Paleozoic shales, carbonates, and sandstones, but also overlying younger Mesozoic carbonates and volcanic rocks. Sedimentation continued to the Jurassic when the nappes of unclear vergence were thrust.

The Bjorne Formation is a formation of sandstones and shales in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The southern edge of the formation includes petroleum reserves in Melville Island. The basin also includes Mackenzie King Island, Lougheed Island and portions of Prince Patrick Island, Borden Island, Ellef Ringnes Island, Amund Ringnes Island, and Cornwall Island. The formation underlies the Murray Harbour Formation and overlies the Blind Fiord, Lindstrom and Trold Fiord Formations.

" Matt Roush of USA Today called the film "violent, unsettling and sympathetically acted." John J. O'Connor of The New York Times praised the leads for their "searing" performances. Tom Shales of The Washington Post praised the film and Light as "superb at bringing out the pathos as well as the hostility in this character." Rick Marin of Variety wrote "Here's a new one for TV movies: husband-battering.

Blue-leaved stringybark is often found on gentle to moderate slopes in the coastal and tableland areas, but it also grows on steep slopes in the Blue Mountains. The soils show a range of types, some of poor quality but mostly of good levels of sub soil moisture. Podosolic soils give best results. The soil types for E. agglomerata are mostly sedimentary, based on shales and sandstones, but sometimes slates.

Her most recent roles were as Stella in the hit 2005 TV series, Sugar Rush, and as a transgender character Gaynor in an episode of the BBC drama Ashes to Ashes. She has been seen at Patricia in the Sky1 adaptation of Martina Cole's The Take. In 2011 and 2012 Stewart played Professor Jean Shales in series 1 and 2 of the Channel 4 comedy series Fresh Meat.

The plant grows in seeps in shale or sandstone- derived soils, at altitudes of 1,200 to 2,000 metres. The type of habitat it is found in is usually fynbos of many different types, but it has also been found growing on shales. The mature plants die after the wildfires which occur in their native region, but the seeds can survive such events. Pollination occurs through the action of birds.

Ethiopia currently relies much on its reserves of wood for energy generation, see the table. Ethiopia in 2013 had 1,120 million tonnes of exploitable wood reserves. Ethiopia also has liquid and solid hydrocarbon reserves (fossil fuels): oil by 253 million tonnes of oil shales and more than 300 million tonnes of coal. There are no plans in Ethiopia to exploit them and to use them for energy generation.

It has a material resource base on . It has shale positions in the Woodford, Oklahoma, Haynesville, Texas, and Eagle Ford, Texas shales. It has unconventional gas (shale gas or tight gas) stakes also in Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming, primarily in the San Juan Basin. BP operates Whiting Refinery in Indiana, Cherry Point Refinery in Washington, and the Toledo Refinery in Ohio, which is owned by BP and Husky Energy.

The K-Pg boundary in the Scollard Formation. The coals are earliest Paleocene in age, lighter shales below are Maastrichtian. The lighter rock at the very base of the dark coals represents the K-Pg boundary. The K-Pg boundary occurs at the base of the lowermost seam of Ardley coal zone, based on dinosaurian and microfloral evidence,Lerbekmo, J.F., Singh, C., Jarzen, D.M., and Russel, D.A. 1979.

The Loma Gorda Formation (, Kl, Kslg) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Upper Magdalena Valley (VSM) and surrounding Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, extending from Cundinamarca in the north to Huila and easternmost Tolima in the south. The uppermost unit of the Güagüaquí Group, a sequence of laminated siltstones and shales, dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian to Coniacian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of .

The park's north-central region has an especially rugged topography, with peaks rising to almost in elevation, while the southern areas are relatively less steep and rugged. Geologically, the mountains are moderately recent and steep-sided, consisting largely of Pre-Cambrian and early Paleozoic quartzite and gneiss, with some areas with sedimentary limestone, dolomite, sandstone and shales. The soils are generally clay loam, with good permeability and moderate moisture retention.

Chuandianella ovata is an extinct shrimp-like stem group crustacean that lived during the Atdabanian Age of the Early Cambrian (about 520 to 516 million years ago). It is the only species classified under the genus Chuandianella of the family Waptiidae. Its fossils were recovered from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte of the Maotianshan Shales in China. It was originally described in 1975 under the "ostracod"-like genus Mononotella, as Mononotella ovata.

Among Neogene sediments, geologists distinguish the Setap, Belait, Miri, Seria and Liang Formations. The Setap Formation is marine shale, while the Belait Formation includes thick sandstones and some reef limestone. Both the Miri and Seria Formations include sandstones and shales and the Liang Formation preserves brackish water sediments and cobbles, together with gastropod and crustacean fossils. Faults that developed in these thick sedimentary rocks help to trap oil and gas.

Emucarididae is an extinct family of soft-shelled trilobite-like arthropods (nektaspids) from the Lower Cambrian of South Australia and South China. It contains only two genera – Emucaris and Kangacaris. Two species were described in 2010 from specimens recovered from Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte, one species in 2012 from the Maotianshan Shales. It is classified under the order Nektaspida, and is a sister-group to the families Liwiidae and Naraoiidae.

Due to their soft bodies, chaetognaths fossilize poorly. Even so, several fossil chaetognath species have been described. Chaetognaths appear to have originated in the Cambrian Period. Complete body fossils have been formally described from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shales of Yunnan, China (Eognathacantha ercainella Chen & Huang and Protosagitta spinosa Hu) and the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia (Oesia disjuncta Walcott), a view challenged by Conway Morris (2009).

It is situated within the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is at the head of a small side valley of the River Wye south of English Bicknor. It overlies Carboniferous Lower dolomite and Lower Limestone Shales which produces calcareous soils. It is part of the range of ancient broadleaved woodlands in the Wye Valley. In this vast collection of woodland there are many rare and local species.

The Cathedral Formation is present in the southern Canadian Rockies of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It reaches a maximum thickness of about 610 metres (2000 feet) at Mount Stephen. It is in gradational contact with the underlying Mount Whyte and Naiset Formations, and with the overlying Stephen Formation. To the west, the Cathedral Formation terminates abruptly against the shales of the Stephen Formation at the Cathedral escarpment.

29 The word culm may be derived from the Old English word for coal col or from the Welsh word cwlwm meaning knot (due to the folding of the beds in which the coal is found). Most of the succession consists of shales and thin sandstones, but there are also occurrences of slate, limestone and chert.Dewey, Henry (1948) British Regional Geology: South-west England, 2nd ed. London: H.M.S.O.; pp.

According to the geomorphological structure of the Czech Republic these small-scale specially protected territories are a part of the Maleník section of the Silesian- Moravian Foothills. Maleník is a rugged highland composed of culm greywacke, sandstones and shales, Devonian limestones and Miocene sediments. The highland is characterized as a cutting horst dipping to the SE with internal block structure. Valleys are short, mostly based on fault lines.

Some examples of minerals in iron-rich rocks containing oxides are limonite, hematite, and magnetite. An example of a mineral in iron-rich rock containing carbonates is siderite and an example of minerals in an iron-rich rock containing silicate is chamosite.Jackson, Julia A., 1997, Glossary of Geology, American Geologic Institute, Ventura Publisher, Alexandria, VA, pp. 335–336 They are often interbedded with limestones, shales, and fine-grained sandstones.

The early Toarcian stage was characterized with the presence of a general deposition of mudrocks along with organic matter mostly on marine strata, showed by different kind of succession in marine strata, that can be observed nowadays worldwide.Schmid-Röhl, A., Röhl, H.-J., Oschmann, W., Frimmel, A., Schwark, L., 2002. Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Lower Toarcian epicontinental black shales (Posidonia Shale, SW Germany): global versus regional control. Geobios 35, 13–20.

Quantitative und qualitative Analyse von fossilen Kohlenwasserstoffen und ihren Umwandlungsprodukten in Böden aus Posidonienschiefer (Ith-Hils-Mulde). Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek. The European oil shales deposited on a sea floor during the Early Toarcian in the ancient Tethys Ocean are described as being deposited in an anoxic, or oxygen-depleted, deep water environment, although the details of the depositional environment are the subject of debate by researchers of the formation.Brenner, K. (1978).

Fox News is airing a video featuring Michael and Lincoln, where Lincoln declares his innocence. He further blames the murders on The Company, and explains their nature. Michael announces that Sara Tancredi (Sarah Wayne Callies) is innocent as well, and that FBI Agent Mahone has murdered Abruzzi, Tweener and also the missing Oscar Shales. As eyes around the office focus on Mahone, he announces that Michael is crazy.

Port Silt Loam profile Port Silt Loam is the state soil of Oklahoma. This type of soil is reddish in color due to the weathering of reddish sandstones, siltstones, and shales of the Permian period. It is a medium-textured alluvial soil deposited along flood plains. Port Silt Loam can be found in 33 of the 77 counties in Oklahoma and covers around one million acres (4,000 km²).

Haemanthus coccineus is widespread throughout the winter rainfall region in Southern Africa - from the southern parts of Namibia, to South Africa in the Cape Peninsula, to the Keiskamma River in the Eastern Cape. It is found in Renosterveld and Fynbos habitats. It is an adaptable species, growing in a wide range of soils derived from sandstones, quartzites, granites, shales and limestones. It will survive annual rainfall ranging from .

The Chipaque Formation with a maximum thickness of , is characterised by a sequence of pyritic organic shales, limestones and siltstones, with sandstone banks intercalated in the formation.Lobo Guerrero, 1992, p.4 The Chipaque Formation contains a high density of fauna. The formation is rich in TOC and one of the principal source rocks for oil and gas generation in the foothills of the Eastern Ranges,García González et al.

The Exshaw Formation is informally subdivided into a lower shale member and an upper siltstone and limestone member. The lower shales are dark grey to black, thin-bedded to laminated, and rich in organic matter, with scattered sulphide and phosphate nodules. There is no evidence of disturbance by biological activity. They are believed to have been deposited in an offshore environment on the outer continental shelf under anoxic conditions.

Komatiites often show pillow lava structure, autobrecciated upper margins consistent with underwater eruption forming a rigid upper skin to the lava flows. Proximal volcanic facies are thinner and interleaved with sulfidic sediments, black shales, cherts and tholeiitic basalts. Komatiites were produced from a relatively wet mantle. Evidence of this is from their association with felsics, occurrences of komatiitic tuffs, Niobium anomalies and by S- and H2O-borne rich mineralizations.

The dam foundations are weathered Devonian conglomerates, sandstones and shales. The spillway is located about away from the dam wall in mostly unweathered Ordovician andesite. The spillway is an unlined rock cutting that provided all the rock fill required for the construction of the dam embankment. If a spillway had been built in the weathered sedimentary rocks at the dam site full concrete lining would have been required.

Sometimes these shales can be up to 8% organic material by weight. The different layers may be due to seasonal variation in sediment deposition, chemical conditions, and/or algal growth. A complete lack of influence from waves or bioturbating animals indicates that the lakes were very deep and anoxic at their lowest extents. Fossils such as well-preserved fish skeletons are common in the absence of decomposing organisms.

The Woolhope Beds consist mainly of shales which are generally calcareous and pass frequently into irregular nodular and lenticular limestone. In the Malvern Hills there is much shale at the base, and in places the limestone may be absent. These beds are best developed in Herefordshire; they appear also at May Hill in Gloucestershire and in Radnorshire. Common fossils are Phacops caudatus, Encrinurus tuberculatus, Orthis calligramma, Atrypa reticularis, and Orthoceras annulatum.

The Brooks Range has existed since Cretaceous time, and is composed mainly of shales, limestone and chert, with intrusions of igneous rocks from more recent volcanism. The valleys are composed of limestone, sandstone and siltstone, with deposits of sand, gravel, silt and clay. During the Wisconsonian glaciation the area as incompletely covered by ice, with higher regions glaciated. Permafrost exists in higher regions, becoming patchy at lower levels.

Some organic minerals do not fall into the above categories. These include nickel porphyrin (), closely related to biological molecules such as heme (a porphyrin with iron as the cation) and chlorophyll (a magnesium cation), but does not itself occur in biological systems. Instead, it is found on the surface of fractures in oil shales. Urea derived from bat guano and urine also occurs as a mineral in very arid conditions.

"'Live From Baghdad': The Cameras of War", by Tom Shales, The Washington Post, December 7, 2002, citing Brilliant But Canceled documentary on Trio (TV network) cable network. Retrieved 2007-11-12. Supporting cast members included Audra Lindley, David Doyle, Harold J. Stone, Ned Glass, and Bibi Osterwald. Lindley and Doyle played Bridget's wealthy parents, Walter and Amy Fitzgerald, and Stone and Osterwald played Bernie's working class parents, Sam and Sophie Steinberg.

It is correlative with other marine shales that occur farther west, such as the Bearpaw Shale, Mancos Shale and the Lewis Shale.G.A. Izett and others, The Pierre Shale near Kremmling, Colorado, and its correlation to the east and the west, US Geological Survey, Professional Paper 684-A. It correlates with the Lea Park Formation in central Alberta. The Pierre is overlain by marginal marine deposits of the Fox Hills Formation.

It is composed of evenly bedded, fine-grained sandstone and carbon-rich shales. Coal beds are found in the upper parts of this member, indicating continental coastal plain conditions at that time. Alternating layers of shallow marine and non-marine sediments were deposited as the shoreline fluctuated back and forth over the area. These sediments became the locally 650 to 750 foot (200 to 230 m) thick Masuk Member.

In 1769, Peter Simon Pallas described oil shale of the Volga Region. In the 1830s Germain Henri Hess investigated Baltic oil shales with resulting determination of the semicoking process product yields. Oil shale in Australia was referred to for the first time by François Péron, et al., in Voyage de Découverte aux Terres Australes which was published in Paris in 1807, describing what was probably torbanite from the Newnes deposit.

Maesbury Railway Cutting () is a 2 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest between East Horrington and Gurney Slade in Somerset, notified in 1995. It was part of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway. This is a Geological Conservation Review site because it exposes approximately 135 metres of strata representing the middle and upper Lower Limestone Shales and the basal Black Rock Limestone. Both formations are of early Carboniferous (Courceyan) age.

Cambrian to Ordovician-age dolomite, part of the Wappinger Group, and calcareous shales from the Hudson River Group underlie the Fonteyn Kill. Between 15–20 kya, a glacial lake covered the land that would become the Fonteyn Kill. Till and to a lesser extent other glacial sediments today sit atop the dolomite and shale. Surrounding soils are loamy, either silt loam or gravelly loam depending on the underlying surficial geology.

Unconventional resources are occurrences that require novel technologies for their exploitation and/or use. Often unconventional resources occur in low-concentration. The exploitation of unconventional uranium requires additional research and development efforts for which there is no imminent economic need, given the large conventional resource base and the option of reprocessing spent fuel. Phosphates, seawater, uraniferous coal ash, and some type of oil shales are examples of unconventional uranium resources.

Other species attributed to Anomalocaris live in vastly different environments. Anomalocaris saron and Anomalocaris kunmingensis lived in the Maotianshan Shales, a shallow tropical sea in what is now modern China. Anomalocaris briggsi lived in a comparable environment; the shallow, tropical waters of Cambrian Australia. The Maotianshan Shale and the Emu Bay Shale are very close in proximity, being separated by a small landmass, far from the Burgess Shale.

Neumann et al., 2003, p.91 Data collected from outcrops and boreholes indicate that the Ipubi Formation is separated from the underlying Crato Formation and the overlying Romualdo Formation by regional unconformities in proximal domains. The lower unconformity separates the top of the Crato Formation, which is mainly represented by its uppermost interval of laminated limestones (C6), from the basal black shales and claystone deposits of the Ipubi Formation.

On slopes too steep for vegetation, this shale is visible as gray expanses of eroding bedrock. On south-facing slopes, the alkaline soil that develops from the shales supports Gambel oak, sagebrush, serviceberry, and chokecherry. The north-facing slopes feature aspen, subalpine fir, Douglas fir, Engelmann spruce, and blue spruce. Snowmass Village has a huge population of black bears which feed on the acorns and berries of the south-facing slopes.

The Subathu formation containing predominantly of shales and minor amounts of sand. Field picture taken close to the city of Simia, India.The Paleogene Subathu Formation of India (correlative to the Bhainskati Formation of Nepal, and the Kohat Formation of Pakistan) represents the oldest known foreland basin deposits, and unconformably overlies older strata. The Subathu Formation and equivalents are relatively thin intervals (<150 m) predominantly composed of fossiliferous, organic-rich black shale.

The soils in the Biosphere Reserve are rich in organic matter and nitrogen but deficient in phosphate and potash. The area consists of patchy sedimentary rock composed of pebble bed, sandstone, and carbonaceous shales. All important rivers and streams of the Garo Hills region rise from the Nokrek Range, of which the river Simsang, known as Someshwari when it emerges into Bangladesh at Baghmara, is the most prominent.

Bearpaw shale being excavated to recover ammonites for ammolite production. The formation was deposited in the Bearpaw Sea, which was part of the Western Interior Seaway that advanced and then retreated across the region during Campanian time. It is composed primarily of dark grey shales, claystones, silty claystones and siltstones, with subordinate silty sandstones. It also includes bedded and nodular concretions (both calcareous and ironstone concretions) and thin beds of bentonite.

The transition from the top of the Borrowdale Volcanics into the overlying Dent Group is marked by an unconformity. The Dent Group is of latest Ordovician age and forms the lowermost part of the Windermere Supergroup. It was deposited in shallow marine conditions, consisting mainly of calcareous mudstones, siltstones, limestones and shales. There is evidence of continued volcanism, with tuffs locally developed at various levels within the group.

The New Oxford Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. The New Oxford Formation was first described in Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjacent York County, PennsylvaniaStose, G.W., and Jonas, A.I., 1939, Geology and mineral resources of York County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey County Report, 4th series, no. 67, 199 p. and Frederick County, Maryland.

Underpinning Greater Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from stream deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic matter that, over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath these tiers is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt.

KENTORT II is an above-ground shale oil extraction process developed by the Center for Applied Energy Research of the University of Kentucky. It is a hot recycled solids fluidized bed retorting process developed since 1982 for processing the eastern United States Devonian oil shales. The concept of this process was initiated in 1986 in the test unit. The KENTORT II retort consists of four fluidized bed vessels, configured in cascade.

Downpatrick is characterised by the rolling drumlins that are a feature of the Lecale area and a legacy of glaciation during the Pleistocene, the Down drumlins themselves are underlaid by Ordovician and Silurian shales and grits. Its lowest point lies within the marshland surrounding the north east of the town, recorded as being below sea level. Downpatrick is approximately from Belfast and has a regular bus service to the city.

In the northwest, there are some signs of volcanism from the time, including continental rift trachyandesite and andesite-basalt eruptions. In the east, particularly within the East Balkan Range, are olistolith remnants as an allochthon of Triassic rocks in Middle Jurassic black shales. Triassic rocks include turbidite sandstone and sub-reefal limestone. In Srednogorie, they form a sizeable nappe with phyllite, amphibolite, calcareous schist and turbidites as well as marble.

Dotson just had been freed after six years in prison on a rape charge by Webb. Webb ended up recanting her story so Dotson was set free. Both appeared on the CBS program as part of (as George later told Tom Shales of The Washington Post) a Webb-Dotson press tour "charade." Both were on or had appeared on NBC News and ABC News as well as other media outlets.

Belgium has a relatively flat but diverse landscape and a variety of soils throughout the country. Belgium has cooler and wetter conditions compared to much of the rest of Europe due to the North Sea. Flanders has mostly sandy and clay soil types due to the region's location near the sea. Wallonia has a more hilly terrain with the soil composed of limestone, phyllites, quartzite, shales, and sandstones.

The Camburi Group is up to thick and includes three formations, Florianópolis, Guarujá and Itanhaém.Clemente, 2013, p.22 ;Florianópolis Formation The Florianópolis Formation is thick in the type oil well, and consists of reddish, fine to coarse-grained sandstones with a clay matrix, reddish micaceous shales and siltstones. These clastic units are thought to represent alluvial environments distributed along the western Brazilian basin margin, along the Santos Hinge Line.

Under this rock formation lie the Pottsville Formation, the Pocono Formation, the Mauch Chunk Formation, and the Catskill Formation. The first of these is made of coal, shale, sandstone, and conglomerate, while the second contains red sandstones and shales. The Pocono Formation contains dense sandstones and conglomerates and occurs in outcrops on the Moosic and West Mountains. The Catskill Formation mainly occurs on the fringes of the watershed.

The Lias Group or Lias is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) found in a large area of western Europe, including the British Isles, the North Sea, the Low Countries and the north of Germany. It consists of marine limestones, shales, marls and clays. Lias is a Middle English term for hard limestone, used in this specific sense by geologists since 1833.Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "lias".

The Anabar Shield (larger pale blue dot) in the north of the Siberian Craton Anabar Shield () is a shield in Siberia. It is an exposed basement of the Siberian Craton. Together with the Aldan Shield to the southeast, the Anabar Shield is one of the main features of the craton. On the surface it appears as an upland of moderate height, built of gneisses and crystalline shales folded in the Archean.

The Sea-Point contact zone, described by Charles Darwin is a well known region of metamorphic rocks formed by the (originally very hot) granite intrusion into the Malmesbury rocks. These rocks were later unconformably covered by the Cape Supergroup. The Cape Supergroup is divided into eight formations, the three oldest of which are present on the Peninsula. The lowest present is the reddish Graafwater formation which consist of shales and sandstone.

Simplified geology of the North York Moors The geology of the North York Moors is dominated by rocks of the Jurassic period. They were mostly laid down in tropical seas 205 to 142 million years ago. Fluctuations in sea level produced different rock types varying from shales to sandstones and limestones derived from coral. These marine and delta deposited rocks are superbly exposed on the Yorkshire coast from Staithes to Filey.

The middle layers form the sandstones of the high moors and the youngest layers of limestone form the tabular hills. In the dales where the rivers have cut through the younger rocks there are also exposures of older shales, ironstone and sandstone. Rosedale is an example of this. The Jurassic strata of Boulby Cliff During the Quaternary period, the last 2 million years, the area has experienced a sequence of glaciations.

It is described to have no definite shape or form when present in bedding and can be identified using different kinds of visible and fluorescent lights. There are three types of bituminite: type I, type II and type III, of which type I is the most common. The presence of bituminite in oil shales, other oil source rocks and some coals plays an important factor when determining potential petroleum-source rocks.

Palaeoglaux is a genus of fossil owls from the Eocene epoch. The two known species are P. perrierensis from the Upper Eocene of Quercy, France, and P. artophoron from the Middle Eocene Messel shales, Germany.Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (1987) "The owls (Aves:strigiformes) of Phosphorites Du Quercy (France) systematics, biostratigraphy, and paleobiogeography" pp.89-136 in "Documents des laboratoires de geologie Lyon" Départment des Sciences de la Terre, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1.

The formation appears again to the east of Bwlch y Groes and can be found in thicknesses up to as far east as Welshpool. There is a further outcrop approximately long west of Glyn Ceiriog. There is a further significant layer of the Nod Glas running along the Conwy and Lledr vallies. Within the Dolwyddelan syncline the shales have been compressed and are quarried in Chwarel Ddu as slate.

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System is located in northeastern Africa, under the nations of Sudan, Libya, Egypt, and Chad, covering about 2,000,000 km2. It is largely composed of many hydraulically interconnected sandstone aquifers. Some parts of the system are considered to be confined, if somewhat leaky, due to impermeable layers such as marine shales. The water was deposited between 4,000 and 20,000 years ago, varying by specific locality.

Additionally the species Trochodendron drachukii is known from related Kamloops group shales at the McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, British Columbia. Manchester et al. 2018B noted that Tr. drachukii is likely the fruits of Tr. nastae, while Pe. sternhartae are likely the fruits of Te. hopkinsii. If fossils of the fruits and foliage in attachment are found, that would bring the species count down to three whole plant taxa.

At Whitby dinosaur footprints are visible on the beach. The rock strata contain fossils and organic remains including jet. Fossils include the petrified bones of an almost complete crocodile and a specimen of plesiosaurus measuring in length, and in breadth was discovered in 1841. Smaller fossils include ammonite, or "snake stones" from the alum shales and at Whitby Scar and nautilites in the lower beds of the lias strata.

Above these there are Upper Riphean and Vendian sandstones and shales. There is evidence suggesting that Jotnian rocks, or even a Jotnian platform, once covered much of Fennoscandia and were not restricted to a few localities like today. The limited geographical extent of Jotnian sediments at present is indebted to their erosion over geological time. Sedimentary rocks as old as the Jotnian sediments have a low preservation potential.

Grid Ref: H234 226.MountainViews: Slieve Rushen in area Breifne The mountain is made up of grey limestone with a cap of sandstone and shales and is extensively quarried by local companies. The surface is mostly covered with peat, conifer forests and grazing fields. The mountain contains several caves and swallow-holes including Pollnagollum (Slieve Rushen) and Tory Hole which are a popular destination for potholers, both situate in Legavreagra townland.

It is comprised predominantly of crossbedded black shales and silts in the lower sections of the unit and progressively becomes composed of sands, shale bearing coals, and conglomerates towards the top of the formation. Facies analysis in the Alacaagzi Formation is suggestive of coastal environments including lacustrine, fluviatial, and fan deposits. Conformably overlaying the Alacaagzi Formation is the Kozlu Formation. The Kozlu contains 19 coal seams totalling 30–32 m.

Haikouella lanceolata fossil from the Chlupáč Museum, Prague. Haikouella is known from 305 specimens mostly from a single bed in the Maotianshan shales of Yunnan province. The animal is 20 to 30 mm (40 mm max) in length and has a head, gills, brain, notochord, well developed musculature, heart and circulatory system. It has a bent caudal projection of the notochord that might be a primitive tail fin.

Basins formed in Yemen during a warm period in the Mesozoic, depositing dark-gray and gray-black shales of the Kohlan Series at the bottom of large lakes. Gypsum lenses formed in isolated bays around the same period. During the Malm, a major marine transgression flooded much of the region depositing the calcareous Amran Series. Northwest of San'a Bathonian and Callovian carbonates lie atop the Kohlan Series in a depression.

Stable isotope ratios can be used to infer the environmental conditions during the formation of sedimentary rock. Using stoichiometry and knowledge of redox pathways, paleogeologists can use isotopes ratios of elements to determine the chemical composition of the water and sediments when burial occurred. Sulfur isotopes are frequently used to look for evidence of ancient euxinia. Low δ34S in black shales and sedimentary rocks provides positive evidence for euxinic formation conditions.

The Ravenstonedale Group is a Carboniferous lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in the Pennines of northern England. The name is derived from the locality of Ravenstonedale in southeast Cumbria. The rocks of the Ravenstonedale Group have also previously been referred to as the Ravenstonedale Limestone. The group comprises limestones and oolites and some sandstones and shales which reach a maximum thickness of 380m in the Brough area.

In 2003, Fred Christenson secured the long-term rights acquisition for ESPN,Miller, James Andrew and Tom Shales. Those Guys Have All the Fun: Inside the World of ESPN and the channel expanded their coverage to new heights with their coverage of the WSOP. They included coverage of the entire tournament, with a "Featured Table". At this table, the viewers could see the player's hole cards and subsequent strategy.

Geology of the Francevillian basin The findings come from shales of the Franceville basin with a high fossil density of up to 40 individuals per square meter. Presumably, the organisms survived at the bottom in shallow sea water in colonies. The geochemistry of the fossil site indicates that they lived on the sediment under an oxygenated water column of a prograding delta, and they might have engaged in aerobic respiration.

Based on the stratigraphy of the formation, the Cleveland Ironstone was found to belong within the Upper Pliensbachian (Domerian) universal stage. Ironstone seams and accompanying shales may be highly fossiliferous with remains so abundant in parts as to form well-developed shell-beds. Analysis reveals a wealth of shallow-water marine species, some in life position, along with trace fossils including Rhizocorallium burrows well exposed at Old Nab, east of Staithes.

Urokodia aequalis is an extinct genus of arthropod from the early Cambrian. The taxon is only known from the Maotianshan Shales of China based on some 15 specimens . It segmentation resembles that of a millipede and it possessed head and tail shields with thorny spikes. It has some similarities to the arthropod Mollisonia that is known from both the Burgess Shale of Canada and the Kaili biota of China.

The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is a stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta. It takes its name from Horseshoe Canyon, an area of badlands near Drumheller. The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of the Edmonton Group and is up to thick. It is of Late Cretaceous age, Campanian to early Maastrichtian stage (Edmontonian Land-Mammal Age), and is composed of mudstone, sandstone, carbonaceous shales, and coal seams.

ESPN was founded by Bill Rasmussen, his son Scott Rasmussen and Aetna insurance agent Ed Eagan.Miller & Shales, pp. 3–4 Bill, who had an affinity with sports for much of his life, was fired from his position as the communications manager for the New England Whalers in 1978. During his tenure with the hockey team, Rasmussen had met Eagan, who displayed an interest in building a career in television.

The Stockdale Group is a Silurian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in the southern Lake District and Howgill Fells of the Pennines of northern England. The name is derived from the locality of Stockdale near the top of Longsleddale in Cumbria. It is included within the Windermere Supergroup. The rocks of the Group have also previously been referred to as the Stockdale Shales or Stockdale Subgroup.

Further, the D/E ring ratios can be used to create a hierarchy of epimer maturity. From this, it is believed that the ααβ epimer is the first-formed, diagenetically, supported also by its percent dominance in younger shales. 28,30-bisnorhopane is created independently from kerogen, instead derived from bitumen, unbound as free oil- hydrocarbons. As such, as oil generation increases with source maturation, the concentration of 28,30-bisnorhopane decreases.

The first evidence of multicellularity is from cyanobacteria-like organisms that lived between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago. Other early fossils of multicellular organisms include the contested Grypania spiralis and the fossils of the black shales of the Palaeoproterozoic Francevillian Group Fossil B Formation in Gabon. The evolution of multicellularity from unicellular ancestors has been replicated in the laboratory, in evolution experiments using predation as the selective pressure.

Between Finland and Sweden Jotnian sediments are common in the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bothnian Sea and the Åland Sea including South Kvarken. Known Jotnian rocks at the Åland Sea are sandstones and belong to the Söderarm Formation (informal). Above these there are Upper riphean and Vendian sandstones and shales. Fully within Swedish waters there is a Jotnian sediment occurrence at the Landsort Basin between Gotland and Stockholm archipelago.

Milk River at Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park The Foremost Formation is the basal unit of the Belly River Group (called the Judith River Group in the United States). It gradationally overlies the marine shales of the Pakowki Formation. It consists of sediments that were eroded from the mountains to the west and carried northeastward by river systems, where they gradually prograded into the Western Interior Seaway.Eberth, D.A. 2005.

The St. Mary River Formation is generally considered to consist of two units. The lower of the formation was deposited in brackish water environments, and is characterized by fine-grained sandstones, grey shales, coquinoid beds, carbonaceous mudstones and coal beds. The remainder of the formation was deposited in freshwater fluvial and floodplain environments and is characterized by interbedded sandstone and siltstone, with minor occurrences of carbonaceous shale and coal.

The late Early Miocene-early Middle Miocene reefal Kennon Limestone overlays the Zigzag. The Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Agno Batholith intrudes the Pugo and Zigzag. The Middle-Late Miocene Klondyke Formation was deposited during Central Cordillera geologic uplift, consisting of coarse clastics, polymictic conglomerates, sandstones, and vitric (glassy) tuffs, with minor shales and siltstones. Gold mineralization occurred with dioritic and gabbroic intrusions, and basaltic to andesitic lavas, including the Monglo adakite.

The depositional environment at the time was when the Ordos Basin formed a large inland lake, surrounded by floodplains. The dark shales have been explored for the potential of producing shale gas. The coal has also been explored for the production of coalbed methane. The formation is also notable for its fossil content, with dinosaur footprints and the remains of the sauropod Lingwulong having been found in the formation.

Hopanoids have been estimated to be the most abundant natural products on Earth, remaining in the organic fraction of all sediments, independent of age, origin or nature. Biomolecules like DNA and proteins are degraded during diagenesis, but polycyclic lipids persist in the environment over geologic timescales due to their fused, stable structures. Although hopanoids and sterols are reduced to hopanes and steranes during deposition, these diagenetic products can still be useful biomarkers, or molecular fossils, for studying the coevolution of early life and Earth. 2-methylhopanes supposedly from photosynthetic cyanobacteria and steranes were reported by Roger Summons and colleagues as molecular fossils preserved in 2.7 Gya shales from the Pilbara region in Western Australia. The presence of abundant 2-alpha- methylhopanes preserved in these shales was interpreted as evidence of oxygenic photosynthesis at least 2.7 Gya, unexpectedly suggesting a 400 million year gap between the evolution of oxygenic metabolism and when Earth’s atmosphere became oxidizing.

Lowndes' death was announced in the House of Commons by Walpole, saying The House had lost a very useful Member, and the public as able and honest a servant as ever the Crown had. His son, also named William (1687–1775), by Thomas Gainsborough (1727–1788) Lowndes married four times: #Elizabeth Harsnett, daughter of Sir Roger Harsnett (she died in 1680) #Jane Hopper in 1683 (she died in 1685) #Elizabeth Martyn, daughter of Richard Martyn (she died 1689) #Rebecca Shales, daughter of John Shales. Rebecca was a descendant of Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu, the eldest son of the Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury; she was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, and so niece of King Edward IV. Lowndes had children with each of his wives, 25 children in all. His offspring were also fruitful: one son had 16 children, including four sets of twins in four years; a grandson had 10 children.

The oldest rocks are Lower Carboniferous limestones of Dinantian age, which form the core of the White Peak within the Peak District National Park. Because northern Derbyshire is effectively an uplifted dome of rock layers which have subsequently eroded back to expose older rocks in the centre of that dome, these are encircled by progressively younger limestone rocks until they in turn give way on three sides to Upper Carboniferous shales, gritstones and sandstones of Namurian age. A cross-section of northern Derbyshire, from west to east, showing the approximate structure of an eroded dome, with younger Coal Measure rocks to the east, and older limestone exposed in the centre Younger still are the sandstones, shales and coal deposits found on the eastern flank of Derbyshire, forming the Coal Measures, which are of Westphalian age. All these rock layers disappear south of a line drawn between Ashbourne and Derby under layers of clays and sandstones (Mercia Mudstone Group and Sherwood Sandstones) of Permo-Triassic age.

Mike Duffy of the Detroit Free Press said the show is "luridly derivative" and that "there's nothing remotely hip" about it. Charlie McCollum of the San Jose Mercury News said the show "spends far too much time exploring the whiny angst of the teens".Something's wrong with CW's teen melodrama by Charlie McCollum Tom Shales of The Washington Post said of the show, "you're likely to find more fascinating figures and intriguing dramatis personae in the latest catalogue from J. Peterman."Teen Soap All in a Lather by Tom Shales The show has also come under fire from the Parents Television Council, which called the pilot episode "cliché-ridden" and claimed the overall plot was inappropriate for its teenage target audience because of its depiction of underage drinking, parental suicide and sex, the pilot and finale episodes being named the most offensive television programming of the weeks of their respective broadcasts on the CW network.

It's as if Ryan didn't trust that the audience would get behind Will and the saga of his ragtag glee club and so saw fit to give the teacher the shrewish, nagging wife from hell." In contrast, Tom Shales for The Washington Post criticized Morrison as Will, writing: "Morrison is definitely not gleeful and doesn't seem particularly well equipped to be a high-school impresario; as pipers go, he's not even marginally pied." Shales was more positive regarding Lynch's performance, and concluded that: "Dramatic tension isn't exactly plentiful, but pleasingly staged songs and a general aura of retro ingenuousness come through, and seem awfully if fitfully refreshing". Variety Brian Lowry also highlighted acting and characterization issues with the show, writing that: "It's among the adults, alas – who are mostly over- the-top buffoons – where Glee nearly sails off the rails, from Jane Lynch's tyrannical cheer matron to the salivating football coach, a bit like the Rydell High gang in Grease.

The Korean Peninsula had an active geological prehistory through the Mesozoic, when many mountain ranges were formed, and slowly became more stable in the Cenozoic. Major Mesozoic formations include the Gyeongsang Supergroup, a series of geological episodes in which biotite granites, shales, sandstones, conglomerates andesite, basalt, rhyolite, and tuff that were laid down over most of present-day Gyeongsang-do Province. The remainder of this article describes the human prehistory of the Korean Peninsula.

Less stable minerals present in this type of rocks are feldspars, including both potassium and plagioclase feldspars. Feldspars comprise a considerably lesser portion of framework grains and minerals. They only make up about 15 percent of framework grains in sandstones and 5% of minerals in shales. Clay mineral groups are mostly present in mudrocks (comprising more than 60% of the minerals) but can be found in other siliciclastic sedimentary rocks at considerably lower levels.

Bundesanstalt The Sachrang Formation is included inside the major stratigraphic groups found on the Tirol Mountains in Central Europe, where is equivalent to the Saubach Formation, also from the Toarcian stage.Ebli, O., Vető, I., Lobitzer, H., Sajgó, C., Demény, A., & Hetényi, M. (1998). Primary productivity and early diagenesis in the Toarcian Tethys on the example of the Mn-rich black shales of the Sachrang Formation, Northern Calcareous Alps. Organic Geochemistry, 29(5-7), 1635-1647.

Clay smear is among the family of structures that detect fluid flow in sedimentary basins. Clay smear processes are applied to instances of cross-fault flow when porous and permeable rocks, specifically sandstones and shales, are cut by normal faults. According to Foxford et al., the most important feature of the Moab Fault zone from the standpoint of seal potential assessment is the nearly constant presence of at least one shaley gouge layer.

To date, structural traps have only been explored in the Delta Field but stratigraphic traps are present in deeper and more distal portions of the delta. Structural traps mainly include rollover anticlines and fault closures. The primary seal for the delta is the interbedded shales within the Agbada Formation. The seals can be classified into three types: (1) clay smears along faults, (2), interbedded shale aided by fault placement, and (3) vertical seals.

They consist for the most part of glacial drift, deposited unconformably on an underlying rock surface of moderate or small relief. Here, the rocks are an extension of the same stratified Palaeozoic formations already described as occurring in the Appalachian region and around the Great Lakes. They are usually fine-textured limestones and shales, lying horizontal. The moderate or small relief that they were given by mature preglacial erosion is now buried under the drift.

Resistant quartzite, conglomerates and sandstones form the ridge caps while less resistant shales and limestones eroded to form the intervening valleys. The province is part of the Appalachian Mountains. Walker Mountain extends from Abingdon to the New River, where the ridge of Walker Mountain continues across the river but is now named Sinking Creek Mountain. There are other ridges on both sides of Walker Mountain with names that change as they move northeast.

Classic examples are found at the Banff townsite proper: Mount Rundle is a classic dip slope mountain. Just to the north of the Banff townsite, Castle Mountain is composed of numerous Cambrian age rock formations. The uppermost section of the peak consists of relatively harder dolomite from the Eldon Formation. Below that lies the less dense shales of the Stephen Formation and the lowest exposed cliffs are limestones of the Cathedral Formation.

Renosterveld plants grow on rich soil, which makes them more nutritious than typical fynbos plants. Typically, renosterveld is largely confined to fine-grained soils - mainly clays and silts - which are derived from the shales of the Malmesbury and Bokkeveld Groups and the Karoo Sequence. In drier regions it also occurs on Cape Granite Suite-derived soils. Renosterveld usually grows in areas that have moderate winter rainfall of 300–600 mm per year.

The Girón Formation is characterized by a thick sequence of red feldspathic and micaceaous sandstones and thinly bedded reddish siltstones, conglomerates with quartz and lithic clasts, shales with white spots and purple to dark red claystones. In the south, the formation includes fragments of schists, quartzites, and red and green limonite. The middle part of the sequence contains alternating greyish green sandstones and red to purple siltstones in beds up to .Royero Gutiérrez, 2001, p.

In the mid-1850s, James Young succeeded in distilling paraffin wax from coal and oil shales at Bathgate in West Lothian and developed a commercially viable method of production. Paraffin could be used to make inexpensive candles of high quality. It was a bluish-white wax, which burned cleanly and left no unpleasant odor, unlike tallow candles. By the end of the 19th century, candles were made from paraffin wax and stearic acid.

MRT's intention is to build the railway in several stages. The first stage, from Silverdale Station to Apedale Road, was completed during 2010 and opened to passenger services on 21 August 2010. The station platform at Apedale Road was completed the following year. The second stage of construction will be from Apedale Road through to a site adjacent to the former Burley Colliery site, and will be known as Burley Shales Station.

Similar changes may be induced in shales by the burning of coal seams or even by an ordinary furnace. There is also a tendency for metasomatism between the igneous magma and sedimentary country rock, whereby the chemicals in each are exchanged or introduced into the other. Granites may absorb fragments of shale or pieces of basalt. In that case, hybrid rocks called skarn arise, which don't have the characteristics of normal igneous or sedimentary rocks.

Arctinurus was first reported during the construction of the Erie Canal through soft Silurian shales and mudstones in upstate New York. Before the late 1990s, complete Arctinurus fossils were very rare. The vast majority of complete specimens were commercially mined near Middleport New York, USA, in a shallow quarry in the Rochester Formation, and the trilobite is now relatively common in museum, university and private collections. Arctinurus tended to have epibionts attached to the carapace.

Advanced Reservoir Characterization in the Antelope Shale to Establish the Viability of CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery in California's Monterey Formation Siliceous Shales. Chevron USA Production Company, prepared for US Department of Energy, April 2000. Production at Lost Hills has been increasing steadily: as of the end of 2006, it was California's second fastest-growing oil field, exceeded only by the nearby Cymric Field. The Lost Hills field also contains considerable reserves of natural gas.

The formation overlies the Lytle Formation and is overlain by the Glancairn Formation and comprises resistant, brown-weathered sandstones, and dark shales and siilstones, also described as bioturbated brownish sandstones with black and grey silty or shaley sandstone intervals. The formation was deposited in a variety of near-shore and/or marginal marine environments. The tracks occur in the upper part of an estuarine point bar sequence, overlain by brackish bay or lagoon deposits.

The Spirit River Formation is conformably overlain by the Peace River Formation and conformably underlain by the Bluesky Formation. It grades laterally to the Buckinghorse Formation shales to the north-east, and into the sandy facies of the Malcolm Creek Formation south of the Wapiti River. It is equivalent to the upper Mannville Formation in Central Alberta and to the Clearwater Formation and Grand Rapids Formation in the upper Athabaska River area.

The Burgess Shale of British Columbia is famous for its exceptional preservation of mid-Cambrian organisms. Around 40 other sites have been discovered of a similar age, with soft tissues preserved in a similar, though not identical, fashion. Additional sites with a similar form of preservation are known from the Ediacaran and Ordovician periods. These various shales are of great importance in the reconstruction of the ecosystems immediately after the Cambrian explosion.

Middle Permian The first identification of fossil content of the Cuche Formation was done by Botero, who studied the formation in 1950. Research in the early 1980s revealed the presence of many more fossils in the formation and among the first fossil flora found were species then identified as the genera Ginkgo and Baiera.Mojica & Villarroel, 1984, p.71 The lower units show poorly preserved plant remains and the overlying shales provided arthropods and crustaceans.

Overlying the sandstones is the Neobolus Shale, which is composed of dark shales with a thickness of . Finally there is a zone consisting of red or purple sandstones having a thickness of to called the Purple Sandstone. These are unfossiliferous and show sun-cracks and worm burrows which are typical of subaerial weathering. The deposits in Spiti are known as the Haimanta system and they consist of slates, micaceous quartzite and dolomitic limestones.

Soeder and Kapelle, Water resources and the Marcellus Shale, US Geological Survey, 2009, May 2009. The US Geological Survey in 1995 noted that future production of gas from the eastern shales would depend on future improvements in technology.R.T. Ryder, "Appalachian Basin Province," in National Oil and Gas Assessment, 1995, US Geological Survey, p.60. However, according to some analysts, the federal programs had planted the seeds of the coming shale gas boom.

Mitchell Energy began producing gas from the Barnett Shale of North Texas in 1981, but the results at first were uneconomic. The company persevered for years in experimenting with new techniques. Mitchell soon abandoned the foam frac method that was developed by the Eastern Gas Shales Project, in favor of nitrogen gel-water fracs. Mitchell achieved the first highly economic fracture completion of the Barnett Shale in 1998, by using slick-water fracturing.

The thickness of the Barnett varies from 100 to , but most economic wells are located where the shale is between 300 and thick. The success of the Barnett has spurred exploration of other deep shales. In 2007, the Barnett shale (Newark East) gas field produced of gas, making it the second-largest source of natural gas in the United States. The Barnett shale currently produces more than 6% of US natural gas production.

Friedrich August von Quenstedt a German Mineralogist that studied the jurassic strata along Germany, including the Black Shales of the Posidonia Shale. The first related studies with the Posidonia Shale Strata where done on the Early 1800. At the first the Formation was not identified as a separated unit. The first fossils where recovered on several Collections, some since the Modern Age, present on localities like the pits near the Banz Abbey.

These sediments have yielded a fairly rich fossil fauna of brachiopods and trilobites indicating that they were deposited in a shallow marine sea into which the lavas were extruded. The rocks are quarried at Moons Hill near Stoke St Michael for aggregate. Coal measures appear in the Radstock district, and surrounding Somerset Coalfield (largely concealed by Triassic and newer rocks). There are two series of coal-bearing sandstones and shales separated by Pennant Sandstone.

The Tristel Formation is a stratigraphic formation of the northern-central Alps, deposited between the late Barremian and the early Aptian of the Early Cretaceous. It consists of thickly banked limestones, marls and shales. It is the lowest formation of the Bündnerschiefer and belongs to the Rhenodanubic Group. Outcrops can be found in the Engadin window, the Tauern window, the Rechnitz window, and many localities of the Penninic realm of the eastern and western Alps.

The popular toy was featured in the 1983 animated Christmas special Deck the Halls with Wacky Walls, starring the voices of Daws Butler, Tress MacNeille, and Marvin Kaplan. The show featured seven Wallwalkers from the planet Kling-Kling: Big Blue, Springette, Bouncing Baby Boo, Crazylegs, Stickum, Wacko, and their leader, Kling-Kling.Tom Shales. "The Year Dan Rather Lost His Place and Other Great Moments in TV '83" The Washington Post, 6 January 1984. D1.

The Tunjuelo Formation, Río Tunjuelo or Río Tunjuelito Formation (, Q1tu, Qpt, Qcc) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists mainly of conglomerates with intercalating shales and sandstones. The Tunjuelo Formation dates to the Quaternary period; covering the complete Pleistocene epoch, and has a maximum thickness of . It is a formation of the lacustrine and fluvio-glacial sediments of Lake Humboldt.

The Subachoque Formation (, Q1su) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists mainly of sandy shales and lignite with sandstone beds. The Subachoque Formation dates to the Quaternary period; Early to Middle Pleistocene epoch (from approximately 2.5 to 1 Ma), and has a maximum thickness of . It is the lowermost formation of the lacustrine and fluvio- glacial sediments of Lake Humboldt.

It was owned by Young's Paraffin Light & Mineral Oil Co., Ltd., which at the time was a subsidiary of Scottish Oils Ltd and was one of a group of 12 mines working the oil shales in the Counties of Midlothian and West Lothian. The Report on the causes of, and circumstances attending the Explosion and Fire which occurred at Burngrange Nos. 1 and 2 (Oil Shale) Mine, Midlothian, can be found at.

It is composed of a metamorphic and igneous platform which is the basis of the continental shield. On top of this base are various more modern rocks, such as sandstones, limestones, coal and shales laid down during the Devonian and Jurassic periods to form the Transantarctic Mountains. In coastal areas such as Shackleton Range and Victoria Land some faulting has occurred. More than 170 million years ago, Antarctica was part of the supercontinent Gondwana.

The base of the Kilmersdon Valley is of alluvium deposits. Above this on both sides of all of the valleys is a band of shales and clays from the Penarth Group. These rocks are from the Triassic period. The majority of the remaining upland in this area is Lias Limestone (white and blue) while the very highest part above 130 m, south of Haydon, is a small outcrop of Inferior Oolitic Limestone.

The Sacramento Basin in the northern portion of the Great Valley is a prolific natural gas province, and most of the gas here is produced from sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Cretaceous part of the Great Valley Sequence. Virtually all of this gas is derived from organic-rich shales interbedded with the sandstone reservoirs. As such, a self-contained source-reservoir petroleum system exits. Numerous gas accumulations have been found within this system.

The Wenlock is named after Wenlock Edge, an outcrop of rocks near the town of Much Wenlock in Shropshire (West Midlands, United Kingdom). The name was first used in the term "Wenlock and Dudley rocks" by Roderick Murchison in 1834 to refer to the limestones and underlying shales that underlay what he termed the "Ludlow rocks". He later modified this term to simply the "Wenlock rocks" in his book, The Silurian System in 1839.

These rocks become modified into metamorphic equivalents as a result of the formation of the Appalachian Mountains, which left large thrust faults in the area, the further east one gets from the Hudson. Shales become schists, limestones become marbles, and sandstone become quartzites in the eastern regions of Dutchess County. These rocks create better aquifers than their sedimentary counterparts. In the Hudson Highlands, the stream's bedrock is primarily metamorphic gneiss, with some granite and amphibolite.

During the Cambrian period this area was underwater, which produced the marine sediments (limestones and shales) seen today in outcrop. The formations from this time are generally deeper water deposits (ramp-to-basin and outer-shelf). The Drum Mountains are complete (meaning there are no missing gaps in time) and are generally undisturbed. This is the reason why the beginning of the Drumian stage of the geologic time scale was defined here.

There are also examples of rollers and shorebirds. Other birds were described in early literature from the 19th century, but the exact identification of these samples cannot be done due to lack of information. Mammals are almost non- existent in the shales, with only one specimen of a small opossum being discovered so far. In the lower mudstone units, there are samples of broken bones of a horse, a brontothere, and an oreodont.

Rod's Pot is a limestone cave above Burrington Combe in the Mendip Hills, in Somerset, England. The cave was first excavated in 1944 by the University of Bristol Spelæological Society. It is one of a line of swallets marking the junction of the Limestone shales with the Carboniferous Limestones where water running off the Old Red Sandstone of Blackdown finds its way underground. Further excavation has now linked Rod's Pot to nearby Bath Swallet.

The Niger Delta Basin was formed by a failed rift junction during the separation of the South American plate and the African plate, as the South Atlantic began to open. Rifting in this basin started in the late Jurassic and ended in the mid Cretaceous. As rifting continued, several faults formed many of them thrust faults. Also at this time syn-rift sands and then shales were deposited in the late Cretaceous.

Also closer to the coast Precambrian continental basement crops out onshore. ;Cretaceous There is a section of rock in this basin from the middle to late Cretaceous which is poorly understood due to its significant burial depth. It is believed to be composed of sediments from a tide-dominated coastline, and there are believed to be several layers of shales, although their distribution is unconstrained. ;Akata Formation The Akata Formation is Paleocene in age.

The formation is composed primarily of red and grey hematitic, sandy, calcareous and argillaceous shales with localized greenish banding. Colouration is connected to post-depositional processes: red portions are the result of oxidation of iron-bearing minerals and green comes from reduction, possibly by acidic groundwater. The formation also contains thin layers of calcareous sandstone, bioclastic, argillaceous and silty limestone, as well as calcareous sandstone. Coarser layers become much thicker in New York.

The shales are essentially fine-grained, very thin sandstones that include lime concretions and balls of consolidated mud. The limestone appears as solid gray-blue beds, a few inches to a few feet thick, and as lenses of limestone conglomerate. Most of the limestone lenses are less than long, but two were traced for nearly and one for . Viewed as a whole, the Kayenta is readily distinguished from the geologic formations above and below it.

Normal faults, including the Manaia Fault, formed as the Taranaki Basin developed during seafloor spreading. Rifting continued until the Eocene (~56 Ma), when the Taranaki Basin underwent passive subsidence. Kapuni collected abundant organic material under coastal plain and fluvio-estuarine environments during much of the Eocene. A broad marine transgression occurred in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (~28-20 Ma), and mudstones were deposited on top of the Eocene organic-rich shales and sandstones.

Dolerite dykes intruded the extrusive volcanic rocks around 563 million years ago. A variety of the intrusive igneous rock granophyre, known as Ercallite forms the northeastern shoulder of the Ercall. It was put in place around 560 million years ago and is overlain by Cambrian rocks of sedimentary origin.Toghill, P. 2006 Geology of Shropshire 2nd edn Crowood Press The southeastern side of the ridge is largely formed from sandstones and shales of Cambrian age.

The basement block has been uplifted fairly recently as shown by the rejuvenation of streams. The basement rocks are mainly gneisses, mica schists and granitoids with occasional outcrops of amphibolites and serpentinites. The sedimentary succession of the Aquitanian Basin starts with a transgression in the Lower Jurassic (Lias) over the basement rocks (usually a conglomerate at the base, followed by arkoses, dolomites and shales). During the Dogger a calcareous reef built from ooids developed.

Map showing extent of the Bazhenov Formation continuous tight oil resource The Bazhenov Formation or Bazhenov Shale is a geological stratum in the West Siberian basin. It was formed from sediment deposited in a deep-water sea in Tithonian–early Berriasian time. The sea covered more than one million square kilometers in the central basin area. Highly organic-rich siliceous shales were deposited during this time in anoxic conditions on the sea bottom.

From Dunraven to Aberthaw, the coastal cliffs feature blue and brown argillaceous limestones, shales, and marls. As far as East Aberthaw, the cliffs are under , and in some places not more than . For a short distance east of Pleasant Harbour in East Aberthaw, there are wooded cliffs about 300 yards from the high-water mark of ordinary tides. West of the port of Aberthaw there is an expanse of alluvial ground protected by embankments.

When Michael J. Fox left his next series, Spin City a decade after Family Ties, his final episodes as a regular ("Goodbye: Part 1 & 2", Season 4, Episodes 25 and 26) made numerous allusions to Family Ties. Michael Gross (Alex's father Steven) portrays Michael Patrick Flaherty's (Michael J. Fox) therapist and there is a reference to the therapist's unseen receptionist named "Mallory".Shales, Tom. "Michael J. Fox, Playing 'Spin City' to a Fare-Thee-Well".

Chicago Tribune. Section 3, p. 5. Tom Shales of The Washington Post praised the film as "one of the zippier little B pictures of the year," adding that "it is designed primarily as a spectacle of kinetic titillation, and on that level, it's a foregone smash hit." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times was also positive, calling it "a fine little action picture with big ideas" and finding Carradine "terrific" in his role.

A Callovian regional shale seal of the Abalak and lower > Vasyugan Formations separates the two systems. The Togur-Tyumen system is > oil-prone; gas reserves are insignificant. The principal oil reserves are in > sandstone reservoirs at the top and bottom of the Lower–Middle Jurassic > Tyumen Formation; comparatively small reserves are in pre-Jurassic carbonate > and clastic rocks. The principal source rocks are lacustrine to marine > shales of the Toarcian Togur Bed.

All these sediments were subsequently buried together under Namurian sandstones and shales in the subsequent Upper Carboniferous period. They were subsequently uplifted, but were only re-exposed by periglacial erosion towards the end of the Pleistocene. Melting water would have flowed along any lines of weakness within the reef limestone, such as the once created by the presence of the original underwater cleft in the reef, carving out the gorge seen today.

Kyrgyzstan is notable for significant deposits of antimony and mercury, such as the Chauvay, Kadamzhai and Khaydarkan deposits. These are examples of quartz-fluorite-antimonite-cinnabar (also known as jasperoid type deposits), while others are quartz-dickite-cinnabar or magnesian-carbonate- cinnabar (or listvenite)_ types. The primary types of deposits are common at the contact between Carboniferous limestone and overlying Silurian shales and Devonian sandstone nappe formations. Listvenite deposits are typically associated with serpentine mélange.

The raw material was extracted near the Ceyssat pass, located at the foot of the Puy de Dôme, but the decoration called on other types of stone with more distant origins—white and colored marbles for the pavements, Autun shales, and arkose column capitals, for example. Bronze was also used. Fragments of the paving are visible at the Bargoin museum in Clermont-Ferrand. In all, the building filled an area of around 3,600 m2.

Rocks of Silurian age do occur in the region and the fossil plant Baragwanathia has been found from both late Silurian and the Early Devonian strata. However, Yarravia was found only in the Devonian shales. Fossils collected near Rebreuve, Pas-de-Calais Department, northern France, were named Yarravia minor by Danzé-Corsin in 1956. The strata in which they were found were initially considered Pragian, but are now thought to be Emsian (from around ).

This created fossiliferous limestone and ripple marked-sandstone, both present throughout the north part of the county as evidence of ancient oceans. Sediments were deposited from the Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian periods. During this deposition period, the county had a climate similar to that of the present-day Bahamas, as the equator was north of Washington County. The Devonian brought mostly shales, the Mississippian brought the limestones and chert visible in the bluffs.

The formation consists of shales and siltstones along with bands of calcareous sandstone. Fossils include brachiopods and bivalves in the lower part of the formation, suggestive of a shallow marine depositional environment and, in its upper part, trilobites and goniatites indicating deeper water conditions. The sandstones thicken to the east and have been worked in quarries between Charles and Brayford. Limestones occurring towards the top of the formation have also been worked in places.

Chitaley's research in Cleveland focused on Lycopodiophyta from the Devonian Period Cleveland Shales. In 1996 she discovered a new Devonian lycopsid, which she named Clevelandodendron ohioensis in honor of Cleveland's 1996 bicentennial. Chitaley also developed a technique of preserving fossilized material in coal balls using wax, which came to be known as the "Chitaley technique". In 2006, a newly discovered species of conifer from the Permian Period, Prototaxoxylom chitaleyii was named in Chitaley's honor.