" At the time of reconstruction, this served the purpose of "stitching the Union back together.
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Anything horrible would have served the purpose — which is not to minimize the effectiveness of Mr. Stephens's writing.
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Miscegenation laws date back as far as the 1620s, and like many other things in American history served the purpose of upholding white supremacy.
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But it served the purpose of demonstrating that Tesla could, in fact, make an all-electric car that was safe and fun to drive.
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They don't want to correct it, they don't want to change it because it served the purpose at the time which was being anti-Trump.
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Mr. Scaramucci ended up getting fired after 11 days, but not before he served the purpose that Mr. Trump's family had hoped he would, Mr. Sims writes.
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He offered no support for his account other than to say he had heard "friends talk about it;" whether he was serious or simply being mischievous, it served the purpose of further clouding the vote's legitimacy.
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"Those really have only served the purpose of making the lives of people of minority communities miserable because these people are stopped dozen of times for no other reason than they live in a high-crime community," Abdul-Jabbar said.
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Where Riot Grrrl publishing served the purpose of a stopgap between shows or meetings, a way to ensure discussion continued beyond the confines of small groups, this new era of zine-making has cultivated a whole community of its own.
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While drawing the face separately from the rest of the work likely served the purpose of saving the king some time from posing, the structure of the work also reveals the extent to which portraits responded to their era's fashions and vicissitudes.
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Many analysts have recounted, as a prime example, how network television news was originally not expected to turn a profit, and how news divisions merely served the purpose of fulfilling the public-service conditions of FCC charters, freed from the ratings pressures of the entertainment properties.
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As David Halberstam wrote of Rostow in "The Best and the Brightest": He became the president's national security adviser at a time when criticism and opposition to the war were beginning to crystallize, and he eventually served the purpose of shielding the president from criticism and from reality.
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The tour probably served the purpose of allowing lads and ladettes to say they had actually set foot in a real brewery.
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Islamic hospitals served many purposes. Bimaristans served the purpose of being a designated place where medical treatment would be given to individuals in need. Along with being a central place for medical treatment to be given, Islamic hospitals also served the purpose of being a designated place where recovering individuals could go to help gain back their strength. The individuals were typically recovering from accidents as well as sicknesses.
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Membership and identification by Oreet traditionally served the purpose of regulating marriage (by prevent inbreeding since marriage within Oreet was largely not permitted),Hollis A.C, The Nandi - Their Language and Folklore.
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Clifford claims Bordes was never his client, and that he earned his fee for "writing" the story, which ultimately served the purpose of saving the madam from any adverse publicity or court case.
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This college was stablished in 1955 at Tangrakhali village under the Canning subdivision. Since there were no higher educational institute in the Sundarban locality, disadvantaged and underprivileged region of the country, The college served the purpose of education.
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On June 29 of that same year, the first election of the Board of Trustees was held. The following seal was adopted: "Town Seal, Sheridan, Illinois. Incorporated, June 29, 1872". Not very inventive, but it served the purpose.
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The trials, although they were not government victories, served the purpose for which they were intended—all of these men, except Thelwall, withdrew from active radical politics as did many others fearful of governmental retribution. Few took their place.Thompson, 137–8.
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Ninety percent of the soldiers' vote went to the Unionist government.Douglas Francis, Destinies: Canadian History Since Confederation (Scarborough: Nelson, 2004). p. 234 The Military Voters Act served the purpose for which it was created, to solidify the election of the Unionist government.
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This rare mark of royal favour took the form of a canton of Saint George. At the same time, he was authorised to omit the bendlet, which had served the purpose of distinguishing this branch of the Churchill family from others which bore an undifferenced lion.
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There is renumber of small lakes along the fort wall. It appears that there are remains of what once was the water barrier which served the purpose of defending the town from the invaders. There are about 150 temples scattered all over the town. Pauni has therefore been described as temple town.
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An extensive forecourt paved with large, irregular slabs occupies the area before the outer wall. It is a solid floor, encumbered with large blocks that once formed part of the walls or a series of chambers. One of the paving stones is pierced through and is theorized to have once served the purpose of a fireplace.
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An undershot water wheel turned by the mill fleam served the purpose. John Lombe was given a 14-year patent to protect the design of the throwing machines. The King of Sardinia reacted badly to the commercial challenge, placing an embargo on the export of raw silk. John's elder brother, Sir Thomas Lombe, took over the business.
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A bill for ₹80 million came up before Narayana Swamy. He inspected the bund. He found it very weak and said that he will pass the bill after the rainy season to ensure that the bund served the purpose. As expected, the earthen bund was too weak to stand the rain and it disappeared in the rain.
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California Faience produced two kinds of tiles, decorative and architectural. The decorative tiles were known as tea tiles and basically served the purpose of being a trivet, protecting furniture from being burned from hot teapots and other hot objects. Tea tiles could have a simple or ornate design. Some were also framed and hung on walls like paintings.
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Bangladesh claims some of the most renowned singers, composers and producers in South Asia. Bangladeshi music spans a wide variety of styles. Music has served the purpose of documenting the lives of the people and was widely patronized by the rulers. It comprises a long tradition of religious and regular song-writing over a period of almost a millennium.
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Parts of these were copied and sold on the streets. The very best featured symbols for cities, way stations, water courses, and so on. The maps did not represent landforms but they served the purpose of a simple schematic diagram for the user. The Roman government from time to time undertook to produce a master itinerary of all Roman roads.
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The Virugambakkam Canal separates Virugambakkam from suburbs such as Koyambedu, which lie towards the interior. The canal runs for about 6 kilometres through the suburbs of Choolaimedu, Arumbakkam and Vadapalani before entering Virugambakkam. This canal originally served the purpose of irrigating farm lands. However, with the transformation of farmlands into residential localities, the canal has been converted into a drain.
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Once back home, the Prataparudra Caritamu says, he released the Padmanayakas from their allegiance to him and told them to become independent kings. The work also claims Vijayanagara to be an ally of Prataparudra, which is clearly anachronistic but served the purpose of elevating the role of the Paadmanayakas, whom it claimed to be ultimately subordinate to Vijayanagara during his time.
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This was of particular importance for international traffic which was sent over long, expensive submarine cables.Kahn, p. 838 This was much more effective than the common practise of telegram style – heavily abbreviated messaging using the minimum number of words.Wenzlhuemer, p. 247 In some cases, telegraph codes also served the purpose of maintaining secrecy for commercially sensitive information; companies would develop their own private code.
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Initially, Mwakenya was not a clandestine organization. Its members advocated for the opening up of democratic space in Kenya through public lectures and issuing of leaflets including Mpatanishi and Mzalendo. These lectures and leaflets served the purpose of explaining what they (Mwakenya members) felt was wrong in the country's political sphere. However, after the government began cracking down on its members, the organization went underground. Prof.
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Oriel House was built in 1872 and served several purposes. It was at one time the head office of the Dunlop Company. (The name over the door to-day actually says 'Dunlop Oriel House') It also served as a police station for the DMP, when Great Brunswick Street station was being renovated. It is an imposing building and served the purpose well for the CID.
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In the Tamil month of Thai's Arudhra star of 1379A.D., the lingam's pradhishtai was carried out inside the Thimiri fort by Sringeri Mutt's 12th Sankarachariyar, Shri Vidhyaranya Swamigal. Since the lingam was made on both Agama and Siddha medicine rules, the Abhishega theertham served the purpose of curing diseases. Owing to the fame of lingam, the area which was known as Divakarayar Ellai, was renamed as Thimiri.
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Various "tribal" and "Western" music was played throughout the film. It served the purpose of signaling the transition between the two cultures within the movie and to create an exaggeration of the cultures. The Western music was much more upbeat and contained various complex instrument (example: the piano). The "traditional Filipino music" showcased the basic stereotype of "tribal" music with the use of the drum.
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The Cumulus Club for Technology, Sport and Meteorology was created on April 19, 1950 to maintain at least the tradition of aviation in Frankfurt and to keep the spirit of the sports community alive. His first chairman was Wachter. In this "aviatorless, terrible time" their comforts and encouragement came from Wolf Hirth, Jachtmann, Hanna Reitsch and Pruss. A spring festival served the purpose of social cohesion.
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Two centuries later, when Decius and Diocletian required universal sacrifice to Roman gods as a test of loyalty, any traditional gods served the purpose: loyal compliance with Imperial dictat made them Roman. The Augustan settlement built upon a cultural shift in Roman society. In the middle Republican era, even Scipio's tentative hints that he might be Jupiter's special protege sat ill with his colleagues.
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Click on image for expanded view. The spinet piano, manufactured from the 1930s until recent times, was the culmination of a trend among manufacturers to make pianos smaller and cheaper. It served the purpose of making pianos available for a low price, for owners who had little space for a piano. Many spinet pianos still exist today, left over from their period of manufacture.
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In order to help resolve even this minor problem, the system also broadcast the letter "B" (dash-dot-dot-dot) as it passed east, helping the listener to identify the lobes. This also served the purpose of allowing the navigator to check that the system was operating properly by timing the period between the V and B, and checking that it was the expected 15 seconds.
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Some of the members from the military had revolted against the Dutch and hence they were prohibited from participating in political organizations. Ratulangi and Tumbelaka decided to form a new party, the Minahasa Unity party, which would only have civilian members.Leirissa (1997), p. 48. The existence of this party representing a specific region of Sulawesi gave its members local identity, but it also served the purpose of promoting national unity.
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The purpose of this flanking attack was not just to drive the German forces from the hill, but also to stabilise the local situation. In the late evening, the situation north of the Grebbeberg had worsened considerably, and the counterattack also served the purpose of reversing the situation there. As night fell, a single Dutch section still occupied the Frontline; it would only surrender after the Dutch Army capitulated.
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Frank George Griffith Carr (April 23, 1903 – July 9, 1991) was director of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England from 1947 to 1966 and was responsible for restoring and preserving a large number of ships, such as the Cutty Sark and the Gypsy Moth IV. After retirement he was involved in the creation of the Maritime Trust and the World Ship Trust which served the purpose of preserving old ships.
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The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup qualifiers, mostly served the purpose to award points for individual gymnasts and groups according to their placement. These points would be added up after a period of two years in order to qualify a limited number of athletes for the biennial World Cup Final event. Five World Cup Final events were staged in even years from 2000 to 2008.
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They discovered they needed a large number of calories to offset the rigors of training and decided on a traditional chocolate chip cookie, but much bigger. The 6-ounce chocolate chip walnut cookie served the purpose and ultimately became a signature item in their bakery. The cookie has spawned copycats.Cookie Madness, Super Small Batch Levain Copy Cats In 1998 Levain Bakery expanded its cookie business to include mail order.
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The 2004 Artistic Gymnastics World Cup Final was held in Birmingham, England in 2004. This was the fourth edition of the World Cup Final. From 2003 to 2004, a series of qualifying events were held, culminating in a final event, the World Cup Final. The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup Qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements.
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The 2006 Artistic Gymnastics World Cup Final was held in São Paulo, Brazil in 2006. This was the fifth edition of the World Cup Final. From 2005 to 2006, a series of qualifying events were held, culminating in a final event, the World Cup Final. The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup Qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements.
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The 2000 Artistic Gymnastics World Cup Final was held in Glasgow, Scotland in 2000. This was the second edition of the World Cup Final. From 1999 to 2000, a series of qualifying events were held, culminating in a final event, the World Cup Final. The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup Qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements.
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The 2002 Artistic Gymnastics World Cup Final was held in Stuttgart, Germany in 2002. This was the third edition of the World Cup Final. From 2001 to 2002, a series of qualifying events were held, culminating in a final event, the World Cup Final. The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup Qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements.
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Plato believed that the brain was where all mental thought and processes happened. In contrast, Aristotle believed the brain served the purpose of cooling down the emotions derived from the heart. The mind-body problem was a stepping stone toward attempting to understand the connection between the mind and body. Another debate arose about localization of function or functional specialization versus equipotentiality which played a significant role in the development in behavioral neuroscience.
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Selimiye Mosque was built at the peak of Ottoman military and cultural power. As the empire started to grow, the emperor had found an immediate urge to centralize the city. Sinan was asked to help to construct the Selimiye Mosque, making the mosque distinctive and served the purpose of centralizing the city. Like all other Ottoman mosques in the earlier periods, the Selimiye Mosque had a multitude of little domes and half domes.
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Federales in Torreón, Coahuila 1914, during the presidency of Victoriano Huerta. Historically, "Federales" was also the common term used for the regular Mexican Army (or Federal Army), especially during the 34-year rule of Porfirio Díaz until 1911. In part the expression served the purpose of distinguishing centrally controlled military units from provincial militias or rural mounted police (rurales). Following Díaz's overthrow by rebel forces led by Francisco Madero, the Federal Army remained in existence.
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The Marshalls' inspiration for the design of Temple Works was their interest in Egyptology. When it was built it was said that Temple Works was the biggest single room in the world. An unusual feature of the Temple Works building is that sheep used to graze on the grass-covered roof. This served the purpose of retaining humidity in the flax mill to prevent the linen thread from becoming dried out and unmanageable.
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The village is moving forward along with the Kathmandu city towards the advancement and development though both of them are struggling hard for it. Nefore 1990, the village was under the black shadow of poverty and lack of education. The village had a small primary school named "Jitpur Prathamik Vidyalaya" at the center of the village. The school with a ramshackle old building sans furniture served the purpose of educating the whole village.
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The first bank cards were ATM cards issued by Barclays in London, in 1967, and by Chemical Bank in Long Island, New York, in 1969. In 1972, Lloyds Bank issued the first bank card to feature a personal identification number (PIN) for security along with the information-encoding magnetic strip. Historically, bank cards have also served the purpose of a cheque guarantee card, a now almost defunct system to guarantee cheques at point of sale.
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Settlements always face the direction of the river, which was the obvious focus of life for its inhabitants. The basic layout of the settlement consists of two separate wings and a wide empty central space which served the purpose of a village square or meeting place. The settlement is radially divided with numerous pathways leading to the edge of the river. The outer edges of the village are parallel to the surrounding cliffs.
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156) In 2006, Nigel Rees dated its use to the second half of the twentieth century and noted that it can also be used without any implication of homosexuality, and that it also served the purpose of avoiding the use of the word gay for subjects who were open about their homosexuality but disliked the word "gay".Rees, Nigel. (2006) A man about a dog: Euphemisms & other examples of verbal squeamishness. London: Collins. p. 274.
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The Cape Colony farmer David Botha, was the first to settle on the farm Hartebeespoort in 1846 and two years later he built the current main house. The property served the purpose of halfway station for many years with several coach-houses and stables catering to the needs of travelers. In 1961 the property was donated to the Municipality of Silverton and in 1975 it was made into a museum and named the "Pionier Museum" or "Pioneer Museum".
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At the time it was developed, Riddle's analysis was one of the first modern classifications of attitudes towards homosexuality. In that respect, the scale has served the purpose that Riddle originally had in mind: she devised the scale to explicate the continuum of attitudes toward gays and lesbians and to assess the current and desired institutional culture of an organization or a work place.Peterkin, A. Risdon, C., (2003). Caring for lesbian and gay people: A clinical guide.
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Work on a larger Chinese Pavilion began in 1905. The building was originally intended to be a restaurant, but never served the purpose for which it was intended. In 1909, with the death of Leopold II, the original plan for a museum was abandoned and the building was donated to the Belgian state where it served as part of the Trade Museum of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1947 until 1989, the whole area was closed to visitors.
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These farewell ceremonies also served the purpose of offering condolence toward the grieving family in a social aspect. With there no longer being a procession, the real and paper flowers that were carried began to be used to decorate the altar at the temple. The custom of placing a picture of the deceased on the altar also began during this period. Overall, the funeral procession changes were mainly attributed to "external societal conditions" rather than public opinions.
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From Ellacuría's commencement address to Santa Clara University in 1982, Ellacuría was aware of the challenges implied in relating theology with science. However he managed to articulate a relationship between the two in his vision of a university that served the purpose of liberating the oppressed. According to Ellacuría, there are two aspects to every university. The most evident one is that it deals with culture, or in other words, knowledge and the use of sentient intellect.
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In the 1930s and 1940s Europe the Nazis used barbed wire in concentration camp architecture, where it usually surrounded the camp and was electrified to prevent escape. Barbed wire served the purpose of keeping prisoners contained. Auschwitz fence in PolandInfirmaries in extermination camps like Auschwitz where prisoners were gassed or experimented on were often separated from other areas by electrified wire and were often braided with branches to prevent outsiders from knowing what was concealed behind their walls., p. 89.
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Sports participation in Cuba was also universalized and thus made an essential component of revolutionary activity. The term coined to describe such a process was Masividad, and sports served the purpose to not only educate and train the Cuban people, but also to allow them yet another opportunity to fit in an egalitarian society that conformed to the very principles of the revolution. The Cuban people also became healthier due to their participation in sporting related activities, especially those that promoted physical education.
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There were also inventories of the old record books, as well as place-name indexes arranged. The stock of the accumulated documents served as a base to provide offices and private persons with archival certificates or legal document extracts. Some historical sources have been published. As a matter of fact, the selection of such documents for publication was rather slanted as they mainly served the purpose of leaving no doubt about the “North-western Krai” as an inherent part of Russia.
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This evidence suggests the existence of small, linked yet independent communities. Researchers also suggest the possibility that these megalithic cemeteries could have been a focal spot of the cultural landscape and served the purpose of bringing people together. The site of Sine Ngayene has a Y-shaped central axis with a double circle (called Diallombere) located at the center of the three branches. Originally this site was surrounded by hundreds of tumuli (burial mounds) that leveled over time through erosion.
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The reservoir was completed in December 1965 however the irrigation scheme had not yet been developed. The plan was to build a dam that would have served the purpose of storing flood flow, which would allow the development of some 30,000 acres of irrigated farming and generation of electricity power. By 1970 the lake had a thriving Tilapia fishery production. However, this did not last long and subsequent reports from 1972 and 1973 showed a major decline in fish product.
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Rottman (2002a), p.171. Ultimately, the progress of the Allied advance in the Pacific, with the fighting moving further west, meant that none of these bases played a significant role in the Allied war effort. Nevertheless, Morison argues that the landings were successfully undertaken and served the purpose of providing the Allied amphibious forces with the opportunity to test theories and gain experience that would prove vital later in the war. Australian official historian G. Hermon Gill reached a similar conclusion.
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He was one of the best fielders in the Indian cricket team, along with Yuvraj Singh. Yuvraj would be positioned on point and Kaif in the covers, and it was a tough call for the opposition to score past this pair; the standard of Indian fielding improved significantly when they were on the field. Unfortunately, many times Kaif couldn't be in the "playing 11" as Yuvraj served the purpose of an all-rounder and was a senior player in the team.
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In Habban, there were two synagogues that were divided between the two major Jewish families, Maatuf and Hillel. The older of the two was the building that the Hillel family continued to pray in after the Maatuf family formed a new synagogue. The Hillel family synagogue was also frequented by members of the Shamakh, Mif'ay, and Adani families. The synagogue not only served the purpose of community prayer during Shabbat and the Haggim but also as a Beit Sefer and a Beit Din.
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Tradition has it that the kingdom of Rwanda was originally occupied by a number of Bantu chieftainships which were conglomerated during the 10th century by Tutsi pastoralists from the North who brought ideas of caste systems and a political society. By the 19th century, the state had become much more centralized. Rwabugiri established a royal court that collected labor dues and claimed tributary food in Rubengera around 1870. This served the purpose of channeling food across the country and becoming a center of commerce.
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Rubber pants (about 1950) Rubber pants or rubber panties were the predecessor to plastic pants and served the purpose of a diaper cover, replacing the woolen garment. However, "rubber pants" is still a generic term for any pull- on or snap-on incontinence protective garment. Lacking a fly front, the traditional variant is a true panty. As an infants' garment they had fallen out of favor in the 1950s, but were still the primary adult incontinence protective garment and in that role were called "rubber bloomers".
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The pagan religion served the purpose of trade, and the authority of the gods in the kaaba grew with the wealth of the merchants. Islam emerged in the late 6th century as a movement of the less wealthy, “intermediary and lower Meccan bourgeoisie” against this “‘aristocracy’ of avaricious traders and pitiless usurers.”Beliaev, “Rol’ mekkanskogo torgovogo kapitala”, 54. In contrast to Reisner, however, Beliaev did not see anything progressive, liberating, or even revolutionary in this initial Islam: for instance, Islam did not stand up against slavery.
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The roof above the three-aisled hall had three parallel vaults with an oculus in each. The vaults were supported by arches that stretched from pillar to pillar along the aisles, and traversed from the pillars to the walls. Oculi placed in the middle of each of the vaults served the purpose of letting in sunlight and fresh air, while also letting out smoke. As mentioned earlier, these are the only other areas of the caravanserai that have ornamentation besides the decoration found at the entry vestibule.
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However, in July 1912 the Mayor of Hertford proceeded in state to the Grammar School in Churchfields, not merely to officiate as guest of honour at the annual prize-giving, but also to receive in remembrance of Ralph Minors a pair of white gloves from the Head Boy, who entertained him first with a short Latin oration. Comic and quasi-historical, maybe, but the Kinman version was entertaining and it served the purpose of strengthening the relationship between the School and the local council. .
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With this invented story a myth was started. The invention served the purpose to symbolize the distinct Catalan ethos promoted by the then newborn Catalan nationalism. In fact, today Catalans are known for their musicality throughout Spain and much of Western Europe, so it is not surprising that sardana emerged as a major source of personal and social identity. Ignoring the myth, the creation of sardana llarga or evolution towards it was driven by three people: Andreu Toron, Miquel Pardàs and Josep Maria Ventura (Pep Ventura).
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"Throughout this period, there were numerous published reports concerning other Eastern European reforms in the Soviet press and journals, which undoubtedly served the purpose of propagandizing and stimulating the reform movement. [...] In addition to publicizing their efforts at reform, the Soviet leaders were actively engaged in discussion with the Eastern European regimes and actually had something to learn from their junior partners in the matter of reform." Kosygin criticized the inefficiency and inertia of economic policy under the previous administration.Feiwel, Quest for Economic Efficiency (1972), p. 257.
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In the Balkans, a distinctive type of tower house (kule) was built during the Ottoman occupation, developed in the 17th century by both Christians and Muslims in a period of decline of Ottoman authority and insecurity.Grube-Mitchell 1978, p. 204: "a distinctive form of defensive tower-dwelling, the kula, developed among both the Christian and the Muslim communities during the insecure period of the decline of the Ottoman authority in the 17th century ..." The tower house served the purpose of protecting the extended family.Greville Pounds 1994, p.
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Secondly, the films also served the purpose of training workers about the best way to perform their work.Baumgart, A & Neuhauser, D 2009, ‘Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: Scientific Management in the Operating Room’, Quality Safety Health Care, vol. 18, pp. 413-415 This method allowed the Gilbreths to build on the best elements of these work flows and to create a standardized best practice.Price, B 1989, ‘Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and the Manufacture and Marketing of Motion Study, 1908-1924’, Business and Economic History, vol.
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The 1998 Artistic Gymnastics World Cup Final was held in Sabae, Japan in 1998. This edition marked the first time the World Cup Final was held. In 1997, the World Cup was revived, after a 7-year hiatus, as a series of qualifying events for a period of two years, culminating in a final event, the World Cup Final. The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup Qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements.
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In the 18th century it began being referred to as Forte de São Pedro (Fort of Saint Peter). In 1720, the fortification was commanded by commander José Martins, who lived onsite, but without permanent garrison. Shortly later, it was encountered closed and with need of some public work, namely the walls, chimney in the guard post, a new door for the warehouse and gunpowder magazine (all budgeted at 70,000 réis). Its artillery included two iron cannons, which served the purpose, but were nonoperational due to their lack of repair/maintenance, gunpowder and mechanisms.
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In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its 'cyclopean' walls). A Greek phrourion was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or English fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as a border guard rather than a real strongpoint to watch and maintain the border.
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Ford Explorer Center Cap (1999 - 2001), shown mounted to a cast aluminum wheel A center cap, or centercap is a decorative disk on an automobile wheel that covers a central portion of the wheel. Early center caps for automobiles were small and primarily served the purpose of keeping dirt away from the spindle nut and wheel bearings of vehicles. Center caps are often found on new cars to hide the lug nuts, and/or the bearing. Center caps are a type of hubcap, the other primary type being wheel covers.
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The academy on parade. The Talgat Bigeldinov Military Institute of the Air Defence Forces (, Keńes Odaǵynyń eki márte Batyry T.IA.Bigeldınov atyndaǵy Áýe qorǵanys kushteriniń Áskerı ınstıtýty; ) is a specialized military academy which helps train future servicemen of the Kazakh Air Defense Forces. Established in 1974 as the Aktobe Higher Civil Aviation School (AVLUGA), it originally served the purpose of training specialists (mainly pilots) in the field of aviation. Until 1996, the AVLUGA served under this name and was renamed to the Military Institute of the Air Defence Forces named after Talgat Begeldinov in July 2003.
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Restoration of three Tropeognathus in flight, notice their high aspect ratio The forelimbs of ornithocheirids were proportionally enormous, around five times longer than their legs. Substantial anchorage on the body is required given the mighty arms, and accordingly, ornithocheirids have robust scapulocoracoids, and stout, deeply keeled sterna, which served the purpose of housing their substantial forelimb muscles. The shoulder or pectoral girdle in ornithocheirids is set at a perpendicular angle to the spine, with the coracoids being much longer than the scapulae. The shoulder girdle is also of typical construction for ornithocheiroids.
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Some sell them in the market while other fish for self. The river has also served the purpose of bathing, washing clothes and many more for local civilization. Nowadays due to increased population density, though the river has got little polluted in its lower parts, it still holds the dignity of crystal clear fresh water and has mesmerized many people those from heavily populated urban areas. During monsoon (June–August) the river usually gains a very large size sometime reaching 10-15 times the 'non-monsoon annual average size', thus flooding into the surrounding lands.
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The long canal bypassed the problematic section of the river in an arch-like style. Former canals were filled with sand, and empty shells are regularly found in the ground. All these works, especially the bridge, served the purpose of preparing for the Roman invasion of Dacia, which ended with Roman victory in 106 AD. The effect of finally defeating the Dacians and acquiring their gold mines was so great that Roman games celebrating the conquest lasted for 123 days, with 10,000 gladiators engaging in fights and 11,000 wild animals being killed during that period.
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At the foot of the hills, not far east of the Horse, is preserved the so-called Blowing Stone of Kingston Lisle, a mass of sandstone (a sarsen) pierced with holes in such a way that, when blown like a trumpet, it produces a loud note. It is believed that, in earlier times, the stone served the purpose of a bugle. Several of the village churches in the Vale are of interest, notably the fine Early English cruciform building at Uffington, that has an octagonal tower and is known as The Cathedral of the Vale.
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Oxen and bullock carts were used for business and leisure travel within the kingdom. While superior quality horses served the purpose for army cavalry, inferior horses were used as pack animals for moving commodities, especially in the hilly regions where cattle driven carts were too slow. Buying and selling land was not just the business of the two concerned parties but needed the consent of village elders and Mahajans (Brahmins).From the Saundatti inscription (Altekar 1934, p362) Artists and craftsman operated as corporations rather than as individual business.
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It was an anagram for a Latinized version of his family surname, "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]"; it reversed the syllables of the name of a family château, Airvault; and it has implications of speed and daring through similarity to French expressions such as "voltige", "volte-face" and "volatile". "Arouet" would not have served the purpose, given that name's associations with "roué" and with an expression that meant "for thrashing".Richard Holmes, Sidetracks, pp. 345–66; and "Voltaire's Grin", The New York Review of Books, November 30, 1955, pp. 49–55.
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It was possible to have a good harbour in the vicinity and the harbour established was by means of the time gratifying and served the purpose of being in receipt of raw material and affreighting glass. On the shores in Grönvik there were plenty of sand and silicon, which were needed for the production of glass. The archipelago with the large forests was important, as it would provide fuel for the glassworks. The southward way to Vaasa was by land about 25 kilometres and 35 kilometres by water.
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The story reports the apparently authentic encounter between the narrator and a poor priest. The narrator settles as a land surveyor in a poor area where the priest leads his existence. Amongst the local people, he has the reputation of a kind but miserly individual until it is found out, after his death, that his humble life only served the purpose of saving money to invest in the construction of a school that would make the long and dangerous path to school from an isolated village easier and safer for their children.
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Samanvay is a social welfare and community development initiative conceptualised under the auspices of Ahvan in 2010. It seeks to promote social upliftment through participation and contribution. The broader goal of Samanvay is to promote financial literacy and to expand the coverage of financial services to all sections of the population. Samanvay 2010 served the purpose of creating awareness through discussions and presentations as well as creating familiarity with the financial system by assisting the financially excluded people of nearby villages in opening bank accounts and availing of accident insurance.
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The steering committee served the purpose of different organizations and coalitions collectively working towards issues surrounding the immigrant community. The steering committee would also provided more services to serve as many migrants as possible in Los Angeles. By December 1992, CHIRLA acted on its mission of "advance the human and civil rights of immigrants and refugees and to foster an environment of positive human and community relations in our society." Three years later, CHIRLA had brought together about eighty members of the coalition in order to represent and address different issues within the immigrant community.
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Western Ukrainians brought cooperativesAgriculture in the Black Sea Region Ukraine: The agricultural sector continues to hold its leading position in the domestic economy with them as they emigrated to North and South America, western Europe and Australia. Credit unions served the purpose of offering personal and business loans that Ukrainian immigrants would have otherwise have had difficulty obtaining from other financial institutions. The success of the Ukrainian credit unions is reflected in the fact that by the late 1990s, Ukrainian credit unions in the United States alone had assets of 1.1 billion dollars.Ukrainian Weekly.
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The criminal law was not so much a demand of justice, or as Kant would have it, a "categorical imperative," as a state tool for the enforcement of state authority that the state may or may not choose to employ. Liszt accused Binding and his fellow classicists of advocating pointless punishment. (That’s not quite fair, as we just saw, since Binding thought punishment served the purpose of maintaining state authority.) Liszt insisted that punishment, to be legitimate in a modern enlightened state, had to serve some purpose. Punishment could never be an end in itself.
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Hrothsvitha contributes to the work of women in theatre by supporting the concept that "as long as there is theatre, as long as there are women, as long as there is an imperfect society, there will be women's theatre". Hrothsvitha's plays served the purpose of speaking truth to power and counterbalancing male dominance of the field. The significance of her plays is often overlooked because their dramaturgy diverges from what Sue- Ellen Case and Jill Dolan theorize as to the male values of good playwriting, which excluded Hrothsvitha.
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Some believe them to have served the purpose of lookout or signalling towers, as on Menorca, where they form a network.Gomila, Joan J. Menorca: An Architectural Guide Talaiots generally take the form of circular or square buildings, and they may have been used as dwellings or meeting places. The talayots on Menorca have been much less prone to weathering than the ones found on Majorca. Despite this, very few grave goods have been found in Menorcan talayots, leading historians to believe that the island had a poorer economy than its larger neighbor.
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It served the purpose of a Spanish solution, allowing passengers to exit both sides of subway cars as the express trains would open the doors on both sides. Newer subway cars' door controls made it more difficult to open doors on both sides of the train simultaneously; thus this solution became impractical and the platform was closed on November 8, 1973. In 2007–2010, it was converted to a crossunder between the IRT side platforms. Large metal fences have been erected to keep people away from the edges.
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Hudson, Robert Paul (30 May 2008), Going Dutch . Although many plant types are used, one typically sees neatly trimmed groupings of plants with fine, feathery foliage, such as Limnophila aquatica and various types of Hygrophila, along with the use of red-leaved Alternanthera reineckii, Ammania gracilis, and assorted Rotala for color highlights. More than 80% of the aquarium floor is covered with plants, and little or no substrate is left visible. Tall growing plants that cover the back glass originally served the purpose of hiding bulky equipment behind the tank.
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Historically, bank cards have also served the purpose of a cheque guarantee card, a now almost defunct system to guarantee cheques at point of sale. The first bank cards were automated teller machine (ATM) cards issued by Barclays in London in 1967,Jarunee Wonglimpiyara, Strategies of Competition in the Bank Card Business (2005), p. 1-3. and by Chemical Bank in Long Island, New York, in 1969. In 1972, Lloyds Bank issued the first bank card to feature an information-encoding magnetic strip, using a personal identification number (PIN) for security.
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Leading up to and during World War II, totalitarian regimes used gymnastics as a way to promote their ideologies. Physical fitness was at the core of Nazi philosophy, and the German government financed the construction of sports and wellness facilities. In 1922, the Nazi Party established the Hitler Youth, where children and adolescents participated in physical activities to develop both their physical and mental fitness. Nazi sports imagery served the purpose of promoting the idea of "Aryan" racial superiority, and in 1933, an "Aryans only" policy was instituted in all German athletic organizations.
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Gayle Rubin's writing in "The Traffic in Women" links the creation of the gender binary to the subordination of women in western society. Rubin studied the works of Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Claude Lévi- Strauss to gain a better understanding of the creation of the "sex/gender system". Rubin found that "woman" was a role created in opposition to "man" and served the purpose of building power, trade relationships, and mutual aid through the exchange of women by marriage. These Kinship systems necessitated rules, which had to be policed to ensure their continued survival.
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Incorporating detailed statistical analysis and data, Nutting's work, The Statistical Report of Work Hours in Training School, highlighted the drawbacks of using students as hospital staff. Considered the "Magna Carta" of nurse teaching, her presentation convinced Hopkins leadership to make drastic reforms. Work stipends were replaced with scholarships, and the training school was expanded to a three-year program with fewer work hours. Further, Nutting instituted a watershed preparatory program that served the purpose of easing nurses in the hospital environment, including classes in anatomy, physiology, materia medica, and hygiene.
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Founded in 1884 by Giuseppe Colombo in Milan, Italy, as "Società generale italiana di elettricità sistema Edison", it served the purpose of introducing and applying Thomas Edison's inventions to Italy. Indeed, Colombo, an engineering professor, was a great admirer of Edison, whom he had met in the United States in 1881, securing an exclusive licence for some of his patents for Italy and hiring some of his collaborators. Edison operated Santa Radegonda power plant, Europe's first power plant. In the following decades Edison continued growing, especially in hydroelectric power, and came to control power distribution in most of northern Italy.
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Its adoption as a title for Canada in 1867 served the purpose of upholding the monarchist principle in Canada; in a letter to Queen Victoria, Lord Carnarvon stated: "The North American delegates are anxious that the United Provinces should be designated as the 'Dominion of Canada.' It is a new title, but intended on their part as a tribute to the Monarchical principle which they earnestly desire to uphold.". Macdonald, however, bemoaned its adoption. In a letter to Lord Knutsford on the topic of the loss of the use of the word kingdom, Macdonald said: Canadian post card from 1905.
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Old US 190 sign In the original 1926 plan, US 190 served the purpose of modern-day I-12, as the road around the north side of Lake Pontchartrain. The western terminus was in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, meeting US 71 at the Baton Rouge–Port Allen ferry across the Mississippi River. US 190 followed State Route 7 (SR 7, in the pre-1955 Louisiana Highway system) east to Covington, then SR 34 from Covington to Slidell. The original eastern terminus in Slidell was at US 90 (now US 11) at the modern intersection of Front Street and Gause Boulevard.
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The grooves on the canines may have been used for delivering venomous saliva into the prey, which would thereby make Bisonalveus one of the few known venomous mammals. Perhaps, like the modern solenodon, Bisonalveus bit its victims to inject its toxic saliva and buried the immobilized prey in a cache for later consumption. However, because several nonvenomous mammals (such as baboons and other primates) have similar grooves on their teeth, some scientists have questioned whether these grooves truly indicate venom delivery. If Bisonalveus was a forager, the grooves might have served the purpose of introducing (nonvenomous) saliva for digestive reasons.
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Headquartered in Paris, the founding members of the ELDO were Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands and West Germany; while Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Norway, and Sweden had chosen to decline participation.Hill 2001, pp. 139-140. The ELDO not only served the purpose of harnessing Blue Streak, but also fulfilled ambitions to produce a European rival to the American and Soviet launchers being developed and deployed at that time. In response to the rise of the ELDO initiative, work on the competing Black Prince launcher gradually came to a halt as attention from the British government drifted towards European collaboration.
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The world cup event held every year for artistic gymnastics was, however, upheld only until 1990. In 1997, the World Cup was revived as a series of qualifying events for a period of two years, culminating in a final event that was known as the World Cup Final. The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements. These points would be added up over the two-year period to qualify a limited number of athletes to the biennial World Cup Final event.
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This was achieved through the use of caciques, powerful individuals who greatly influenced the vote around their area. The pact also served the purpose of integrating into the system the political groups that were marginalized by the 1875 Restoration. On one hand, the neocatholic followers of Alejandro Pidal y Mon were absorbed by the Conservative Party, and on the other the progressive posibilistas, associated with Emilio Castelar, found representation in the Liberal Party.Some sources claim that such a pact was never formalized, in the sense that there was no agreement for both parties to "take turns" to govern the country.
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Each Spyder was assigned a number for the race and had gumballs positioned on doors, front and rear, to be seen from any angle. On some 550s owned by privateers, a crude hand written number scrawled in house paint usually served the purpose. Cars with high numbers assigned such as 351, raced in the 1000 mile Mille Miglia, where the number represented the start time of 3.51am. On most occasions, numbers on each Spyder would change for each race entered, which today helps identify each 550 by chassis number and driver in period black and white photos.
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That work was directly inspired by Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (first edition, 1550; second edition, 1568). The Entretiens set the nascent discipline of art criticism on sound logical footings, which Félibien set forth most coherently in his Principes de l'architecture, de la sculpture, de la peinture, &c.; (1676–1690). The Entretiens also served the purpose of advancing the reputations of French artists, sometimes at the expense of artists of other nationalities. An example of this is Félibien's condemnation of Giovanni Bazzi, also known as Il Sodoma, in the Entretiens' fourth volume (1672).
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Wright's career as a swindler peaked in the 1890s, when he formed the London and Globe Company which floated a variety of stock and bond issues dealing with mining. Wright called some of these stocks "consols", the term used by the British government for state bond issues that were solid and reliable. He loaded the directorships of his companies with Peers of the Realm; for instance, the Chairman of the London and Globe Company was the Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, a former Viceroy of India. This served the purpose both of impressing the public and attracting wealthy investors.
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Many years ago, Father Gerard Kemps, after being appointed as priest for the Catholic Church of French St- Martin in 1954, felt compelled to compose lyrics and a melody to sing of the sweetness, the grace, and the incomparable beauty of the land that was unfolding before his eyes. In 1958, Father Gerard Kemps created "O Sweet Saint Martin's Land". Because of the message the lyrics conveyed and the melody that carried the tune, it served the purpose of a national song. In 1984, on the occasion of the Queen's Birthday, Father Kemps was knighted "Ridder in de Order van Oranje van Nassau".
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Post-independence the administration was transferred to Indian railways, which opened many more such schools, where quality education is provided at subsidized cost to about one lakh children of railway employees and about 30,000 non-railway wards. There are about 5,500 teachers and about 1,100 non- teaching staff employed in these railway schools. Indian Railways also supports many Kendriya Vidyalayas for the benefit of wards of railway employees. Under British rule, initially the school served the purpose only for Europeans and British children, then extended to Anglo-Indians and finally exclusive to the wards of Railway employees who serve anywhere in India.
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From that point on, the original building has served the purpose that Gaudí always intended—a private home. For the past 30 years, the Guilera family has left the gates open permitting guests to stroll the gardens and observe the home's exquisite exterior. Over the years, they received countless requests from visitors to explore inside the home and enjoy Gaudí's more modernist interior detailing. Both due to the popular demand from visitors as well as the family's realization that restoration was necessary, the Guilera family began plans to open their home to the public in 2009.
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Indians traveled to Alcatraz about 10,000 years before the Europeans even entered the Bay Area. Over the course of their history, the island served the purpose of a camping ground, was used as a place to hunt for food, and at one point became an isolated and remote place where law violators were held. The occupation which began in 1969 caused Native Americans to remember what the island meant to them as a people. Although the Alcatraz occupation inspired many other Pan-Indian movements to occur, it also showed how gender played a part in Indian activism.
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The Den of Nargun was considered a special place for women of the Gunai tribe, being used for women's initiation and learning ceremonies. Thus the stories would have served the purpose of keeping children away from the sacred area, as well as keeping them near the campsite. The den was once rimmed with stalactites, but unfortunately these have been broken off as souvenirs by visitors over the years. A similar, though less well known site, called Deadcock Den is situated on Woolshed Creek downstream from the Den of Nargun, only about from where it joins the Mitchell River.
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Guy was not satisfied with the grants of land. In 1046, Guy emerged at the head of a conspiracy of Norman nobles discontented with his cousin's rule. The rebels needed a figurehead with a claim to the duchy, and Guy served the purpose as a legitimate grandson of Richard II. According to William of Poitiers, Guy either aimed at the ducal throne, which would have been unusually ambitious, or wanted to secure the greater part of the duchy for himself. Whether Guy merely felt sidelined at William's court or thought himself a better heir than his illegitimate cousin is ultimately unclear.
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He cautioned that retributive justice would not heal the nation's wounds. "While the retributive justice system and imprisonment may have served the purpose of punishing offenders, it will not lead to healing and reconciliation," Naivalu said. While acknowledging that some chiefs had been convicted and imprisoned on coup-related offenses, he insisted that "they were acting in accordance with their prescribed role according to customary practices." The endorsement of the legislation by the Methodist Church has brought the church into conflict with the Military, which has threatened to ban Methodist ministers from serving as military chaplains with Fijian troops travelling overseas.
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Katz Gilgamesh and Akka p.14 Since Gilgamesh addresses Aga denoting military relations between them in the past and indebtedness to him for saving his life leads to Gilgamesh being dependent on Aga previously, conflicting with the assumption that he won a previous war against Kish. Another theory is since Enmebaragesi established the hegemony of Kish, defeating Aga would be less impressive than his powerful father, who therefore served the purpose of the hymn and portrays Gilgamesh as a mighty figure. Since Enmebaragesi was inserted to replace Aga, the hymn doesn't reflect a separate but rather one literary tradition from the tale.
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Handsome Jack, the game's antagonist, served the purpose and helped remind players that he is a constant threat, "the point of the game" and that one of the ultimate goals is to kill him. Jack was envisioned to be a charismatic "douche", mirroring Burch's own personality. He was a funny, likable antagonist who is "hard to outright hate but nonetheless deserves everything he has coming to him". Burch was inspired by classic villains including GLaDOS from Portal and SHODAN from System Shock, and stated that he would have been the protagonist if the story was told from a different perspective.
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El Paso Morning Times newspaper January 30, 1917 Headlinedː "Bill Before Legislature To Prevent Mexicans Voting" depicts the 1917 Bath Riots begun by Carmelita Torres at the Santa Fe International Bridge disinfecting plant at the El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico border. Immigration hubs are popular destinations for Latino immigrants. These segregated areas have historically served the purpose of allowing immigrants to become comfortable in the United States, accumulate wealth, and eventually leave. This model of immigration and residential segregation, explained above, is the model which has historically been accurate in describing the experiences of Latino immigrants.
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Early lamps were used by Greek and Roman civilizations, where light primarily served the purpose of security, both to protect the wanderer from tripping on the path over something or keeping the potential robbers at bay. At that time oil lamps were used predominantly as they provided a long-lasting and moderate flame. A slave responsible for lighting the oil lamps in front of Roman villas was called a . The use of street lighting was first recorded in the city of Antioch from the 4th century B.C.M. Luckiesh (1920), Artificial Light, The Century Company, pp 153–4.
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The killing of a Brahmin in medieval Hindu India was considered as a heinous crime and this alternate punishment served the purpose of enforcement of the law.Altekar (1934), p 329 The only caste of people considered above the Brahmins were the Kshatriyas belonging to royal and noble families. Not all Kshatriyas were considered upper caste and not all upper caste people were Kshatriyas.From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, pp 330–331) By the 9th century, kings from all the four castes had at one time or another occupied the highest seat in the monarchical system in Hindu India.
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Sage Vyasa explains that it was the destiny of their, Krishna suffered it too, although he was competent to baffle it, Arjuna and his brothers have served the purpose of their lives, those weapons with which he achieved success no longer needs him, and had gone to the place from where they came from. When time approaches, they appears in the hand of right person. So it is time for them to retire and renounce their kingdom, give the responsibilities to the next generation. Arjuna takes leave of Vyasa, meets with Yudhishthira and tells them what had happened.
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This effort was the first total synthesis of (+)-kalkitoxin, and served the purpose of deducing the specific stereochemistry of natural kalkitoxin. This synthesis began from an alcohol bearing the proper chirality at C8 and C10 found in (+)-kalkitoxin, and carried a dimethylphenylsiloxy (DPSO) group positioned beta to C8, and a terminal alkene positioned alpha to C10. Hydroboration of this alkene gives the resulting alcohol, which is converted to an azide, which is the position at which (R)-2-methylbutyric acid is coupled to produce the sec-butyl group and amide group. The amide is subsequently methylated, finalizing the tertiary amide which has been shown to be so crucial for kalkitoxin toxicity.
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The overall trend is that these areas are improving. All the areas are situated south of the town of Gävle and most are areas constructed during the Million Programme (MP), although there are towns north of Gävle having MP areas they do not experience the crime rate of some southern MP areas. In April 2019, the publication of the list by police was criticised by municipality politicians as it was stigmatizing and prevented investments. Police responded that they saw no reason to make the list a secret and that the list served the purpose of providing a uniform basis of evaluating districts across the country.
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The first square-up has been traced to Eureka Productions's 1912 film The Evil Art (or) Gambling Exposed. The general reasoning for the square- up was an expression of regret for presenting the subject of the film followed by a statement with the desire that the film will help in efforts to combat the subject. Often, these justifications were created with the intent to work around the production code, giving the films a veneer of educational or social value as opposed to being simply exploitation features, but also served the purpose of warming up the audience for the upcoming film contents. Square-ups gained another meaning with some exploitation films.
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Carretti made in the province of Palermo have more of a square box design, those made in Catania are made with more elaborate 'keys', and then there are the carts made in Agrigento which have their own distinctive style. Mauro Giuffrida, with his prize winning Sicilian "Garro" Carretto from Catania, Sicily The craft of making the carts is handed down from generation to generation, through the training of apprentices. Carts are known for being covered in carvings and brightly painted scenes from Sicilian history and folklore as well as intricate geometrical designs. These scenes also served the purpose of conveying historical information to those who were illiterate.
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The chair quickly fell out of use over the next few decades, however, as it was made from leather rather than metal, which can be sterilized more easily. The Ether Dome has not always served the purpose of an operating room. From 1821 to 1868, operations were performed, it was then a storage area from 1868 to 1873, a dormitory from 1873 to 1889, a dining room for the nurses employed at MGH from 1889 to 1892, and now it is a teaching space. The hospital commemorated the historical significance of the space in 1896 on the 50th anniversary of the first public demonstration of surgical anesthesia.
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Załuski Library Publications and periodicals were increasing in number and served the purpose of educating and informing the public. The earliest ones were published in German and many were intended for foreign consumption, beginning with Lengnich's Polnische Bibliothek in 1718–19. Lorenz Christoph Mizler of Saxony postulated economic innovations and edited and published Poland related periodicals in German in 1753–56 (Warschauer Bibliothek, Acta Litteraria), and in Polish Nowe Wiadomości Ekonomiczne i Uczone (New information economical and learned) in 1758–61. The Polish Patriot by Teodor Bauch of Thorn and Monitor by Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski were the first "moral" periodicals, dedicated to the new ideology and ethics.
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Two interesting features observed inside the cells, fireplaces and ornamental brick-pedestals, were not included in the original plan. Though there was a community kitchen and dining establishment, many of the resident monks (probably sramanas: lay-students) preferred to cook their meals individually inside their cells. The pedestals certainly served the purpose of private cult worship. Discoveries made during explorations and excavations suggests that this establishment may probably have some provision for accommodating poorer lay students (sramanas) from neighbouring settlements with cheaper arrangements for cooking their own food with materials brought from home, an age-old practice still in vogue in certain parts of rural Bengal .
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The old church was converted into a schoolroom and this enabled the Sunday school to expand and incorporate all its departments into one unit. A manse was built for the church in 1931 on Millhouses Lane and in 1937 a lecture hall was added to the church replacing an earlier wooden hut which had served the purpose for almost 20 years. During the Second World War one of the vestries was used as a library for the general public while the schoolroom was used as a Rest Centre. In 1962 the congregation was enlarged when the nearby Greystones and Montgomery Methodist Churches were closed.
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The Intel hex format was originally designed for Intel's Intellec Microcomputer Development Systems (MDS) in 1973 in order to load and execute programs from paper tape in order to replace the "paper- intensive" BNPF/BPNF format. Also, it served the purpose of easing the data transmission from customers to Intel for ROM production. The format was used to program (E)PROMs via paper tapes (in Intellec Hex Paper Tape Format) or to control punched card-controlled EPROM programmers (through the Intellec Hex Computer Punched Card Format). Since 1975, it was also utilized by the MCS Series II floppy-disk based ISIS-II systems, using the file extension HEX.
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Contemporary chroniclers were divided, with Henry of Huntingdon writing that the English people had been "delivered [up] for destruction by the violent and cunning Norman people", while William of Poitiers lauded the Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings and said the slaughter of the English had been just punishment for Harold Godwinson "perjury".O'Brien, God's Peace, pp. 15-18. The Leges Edwardi served the purpose of legitimizing the legacy of William the Conquerors rule and distancing the 12th-century ruling class of England from their violent origins as conquerors. The treatise is believed to have been written sometime between 1130 and 1135, towards the end of Henry I reign.
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Water extraction and discharge of waste water had a strong impact on the water regime of the Steinlach and reduced its water quality. The protection of the traffic routes in the Steinlach valley and the southern part of Tübingen from Steinlach floods made it necessary to straighten the previously natural course of the Steinlach between Dußlingen and Tübingen, and thus to permanently impair it. The concreting of the Steinlach bed within Ofterdingen, which was carried out as early as the 1970s, also served the purpose of flood defence. At the same time, the mechanical-biological collective sewage treatment plant of the Abwasserzweckverband der Steinlach- Anliegergemeinden south of Derendingen as well as numerous rainwater retention basins were built.
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Fortune identified her beliefs as being part of what she termed "the Western Mystery Tradition". She adhered to a form of esoteric Christianity, and has been described both as a Christian Qabalist, and as "a devout mystical Christian", albeit "a very unorthodox one". She expressed the opinion that "in any school of Western mysticism the author and finisher of our faith must be Christ Jesus, the Great Initiator of the West", and treated "the Master Jesus" as her personal spiritual guide. She believed that the teachings passed down from the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn served the purpose of recovering "sacred mysteries" or gnosis that had been overlooked by mainstream Christianity.
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The Portuguese presence in East Africa officially began after 1505, when a naval force under the command of Dom Francisco de Almeida conquered Kilwa, an island located in the south-east of present-day Tanzania. The Portuguese presence in East Africa served the purpose of controlling trade within the Indian Ocean and securing the sea routes linking Europe and Asia. Portuguese naval vessels disrupted the commerce of Portugal's enemies within the western Indian Ocean, and the Portuguese demanded high tariffs on items transported through the area, given their strategic control of ports and of shipping lanes. The construction of Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593 aimed to solidify Portuguese hegemony in the region.
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FIG later recognized IFSA and FIT World Cup events as official FIG World Cup competitions. In 1997, the World Cup was revived as a series of qualifying events for a period of two years, culminating in a final event that was known as the World Cup Final. The different stages, known as World Cup qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to gymnasts according to their placements.Technique Magazine, September/October 1999, page 25Technique Magazine, January/February 2000, page 14Sports Acrobatics - 2004 World Cup QualifierSports Acrobatics - 2005 World Cup Qualifier These points would be added up over the two-year period to qualify a limited number of gymnasts to the biennial World Cup Final event.
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There is an ongoing debate over whether a "metereological machine", invented by Premonstratensian priest Prokop Diviš and erected in Přímětice near Znojmo, Moravia (now Czech Republic) in June 1754, does count as an individual invention of the lightning rod. Diviš's apparatus was, according to his private theories, aimed towards preventing thunderstorms altogether by constantly depriving the air of its superfluous electricity. The apparatus was, however, mounted on a free- standing pole and probably better grounded than Franklin's lightning rods at that time, so it served the purpose of a lightning rod.See the following two articles for conflicting views of this being an independent invention by Diviš: After local protests, Diviš had to cease his weather experiments around 1760.
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Even before Alexander, Cimon of Athens is said to have torn down the walls of his garden to transform it into a public space. Roman pleasure gardens were adapted from the Grecian model, where such a garden also served the purpose of growing fruit, but while Greeks had "sacred grove" style gardens, they did not have much in the way of domestic gardens to influence the peristyle gardens of Roman homes. Open peristyle courts were designed to connect homes to the outside world. Athens did not adopt the Roman style that was used to beautify temple groves and create recreational spaces in the less traditional Grecian cities of Sparta, Corinth and Patras, which adopted the Western peristyle domestic gardens.
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At the end of his review, McNutt reminded readers that The A.V. Club specifically selected him as their new reviewer for the show because he did not know Gillette, thus avoiding a conflict of interest. IGN writer Cindy White enjoyed the episode, but criticized the ending for being too similar to a scene from the original British version of The Office in which David Brent tells traveling salesman Chris Finch to "fuck off". She spoke highly of Jim and Dwight's storyline, writing that "I wish their final ruse had been a bit more original, but it served the purpose of getting rid of Packer". She gave the episode a 7.5 out of 10 rating, denoting a "good" episode.
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The Fajã of Entre Poios (), literally meaning the Fajã between Hills/Knolls is a permanent debris field, built from the collapsing cliffs on the northern coast of the civil parish of Velas, in the municipality of Velas, island of São Jorge, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. There were several families from this district with their own woodlots at Entre Poios, where they would collect wood for their ovens. This fajã served the purpose of raising wild goats and for the collection of timber, which was transported uphill to the community of Beira (in the centre of the island). There are three small ravines, one of which is a permanent course, that cross the fajã.
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Most of the navy's cruising was in Long Island Sound, although some ships, notably Spy and Oliver Cromwell, went further afield, and the three row galleys served in the Hudson River above New York, where the British eventually captured or sank them. Spy served the purpose for which it was purchased, and was one of several ships sent to France in 1778 with news that Congress had ratified the Treaty of Alliance. Of the ships sent, she was the first to arrive; unfortunately the British captured her on the return voyage. All told, the Connecticut Navy captured about thirty prizes, but all of her ships were captured or destroyed by July 1779.
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The General Chapter, which took place at lengthy intervals and was attended by the congregation's officiating abbots, served the purpose of promoting general agreement among the communities and the regulation of outstanding questions. It was a strongly centralised system: all houses of the congregation were obliged to follow the customs, daily routine, service times and forms prescribed by Beuron. In 1936 the Archabbot system was replaced by that of the Presiding Abbot; the General Chapter, which as a rule assembles every six years, elects one of the officiating abbots of the congregation as Presiding Abbot until the time of the next chapter meeting. This makes the congregation more federalistic, and individual monasteries and nunneries are better able to develop an individual profile.
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The phrase's first appearance is already in the Mishnah: In its narrow sense, Lashon Hakodesh refers not to the Hebrew language in its entirety, but rather to the Biblical Hebrew only. In its broader sense, it was used for combining Hebrew and Talmudic-Aramaic within the Rabbinic Hebrew, which served the purpose of writing the Jewish classical texts of the Middle Ages and the Early modern period. The exact meaning of the phrase "Lashon Hakodesh" becomes clear due to its contrary term. In the Mishnah and the Gemara the term was aimed to take out the foreign languages that were commonly spoken among the Jewish communities: The Rishonim sages perceived only Biblical Hebrew, and not the Mishnaic Hebrew, as "Lashon Hakodesh".
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President Donald Trump proposed a 2018 budget that includes $250 million for voucher initiatives, which are state-funded programs that pay for students to go to private school. This 2018 budget served the purpose of "Expanding school choice, ensuring more children have an equal opportunity to receive a great education, maintaining strong support for the Nation's most vulnerable students, simplifying funding for post secondary education, continuing to build evidence around educational innovation, and eliminating or reducing Department programs consistent with the limited Federal role in education." The Budget reduces more than 30 programs that duplicate other programs, which are ineffective; or are more appropriately supported with State, local, or private funds. Another $1 billion is set aside for encouraging schools to adopt school choice-friendly policies.
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In 1974, during a visit to Mexico, an arrest warrant was issued for Serrat in Spain after he criticised the death penalty and the "established and official violence" of the Dictatorship of General Franco. Serrat lived in exile for the remainder of the dictatorship, returning after the death of Franco in 1975 and Spain's return to democracy. In recent years, Serrat has been a vocal critic of the Catalan independence movement, unilateral referendum of 1 October 2017, Spanish Government and Catalan regional government. Serrat holds the view that the 2017 unilateral Catalan Nationalist push for secession and the reaction from the government of Mariano Rajoy served the purpose of "covering up years of cuts and economic corruption" from both the Catalan regional government and Spanish national government.
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The dancers on stage were also forced to flee, along with the performers backstage and in the numerous dressing rooms. Several performers and stagehands facilitated an escape through the building's main rear exit, which consisted of an unusually large set of stock double doors that would have normally served the purpose of moving large fly sceneries and set pieces or props into the backstage area of the theater. When this was opened an icy wind blast rushed inside, fueling the flames with air and causing the fire to grow substantially larger. Many escaped from the burning theater through the coal hatch and through windows in the dressing rooms, and others tried to escape via the west stage door, which opened inwards and became jammed as actors pressed toward the door frantically trying to get out.
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In the century following the English Reformation newly built Anglican churches were invariably fitted with chancel screens, which served the purpose of differentiating a separate space in the chancel for communicants at Holy Communion, as was required in the newly adopted Book of Common Prayer. In effect, these chancel screens were rood screens without a surmounting loft or crucifix, and examples survive at St John Leeds and at Foremark. New screens were also erected in many medieval churches where they had been destroyed at the Reformation, as at Cartmel Priory and Abbey Dore. From the early 17th century it became normal for screens or tympanums to carry the Royal Arms of England, good examples of which survive in two of the London churches of Sir Christopher Wren, and also at Derby Cathedral.
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In the last two decades there has been considerable growth in the area, including, as racial attitudes have softened, a considerable influx of whites. Apparently Bell Town has never had a United States Post Office; the community's address is Kingston Springs, Tennessee. As neither Kingston Springs nor the nearby community of White Bluff have traditionally had an appreciable black population, Bell Town has served the purpose of providing these two towns with a black-oriented residential area, a purpose the community still functions in to some degree. As Bell Town is neither an incorporated town nor a census-designated place, any estimate of its population is of necessarily limited accuracy due to the absence of any well- defined boundaries, but is generally regarded to be less than 200 persons.
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A $50 million fund for economic development was to be established to compensate for the termination of the treaties and the Indian Act, and a commissioner would be appointed to investigate outstanding land claims and terminate treaties. Finally, the White Paper proposed transferring the jurisdiction for Aboriginal affairs from the federal government to the provinces and gradually integrating their services with the services provided to other Canadian citizens. The White Paper also served the purpose of cutting costs created by the federal government having to put funds into the administration of Indian Affairs and the responsibilities held by existing treaties. The cutting of specialized programs that had been created specifically for indigenous peoples was one of the ways that the paper intended to cut those costs and to ensure equality among peoples.
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Lado is considered one of the founders of modern contrastive linguistics, which, as a subdiscipline of applied linguistics, served the purpose of improving language teaching materials. His most influential book is Linguistics across cultures: Applied linguistics for language teachers, in which he states that "in the comparison between native and foreign language lies the key to ease or difficulty in foreign language learning." The book outlines methods for comparing two systems of sound, grammar, vocabulary, writing, and culture. Lado and Charles Carpenter Fries were both associated with the strong version of the contrastive hypothesis, the belief that difficulties in learning a language can be predicted on the basis of a systematic comparison of the system of the learner’s first language (its grammar, phonology, and lexicon) with the system of a second language.
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On most naval cannons, one piece of wadding was used to hold the powder in place and served the purpose of creating a better seal around the shot. Another was used to act as a plug to stop the shot rolling out because of the swaying of the ship. The use of cartridges with both gunpowder charge and ball, made up in batches by the shooter or a servant, was known from very early on, but until roughly around 1800 loading using a powder flask and a bag of balls was more common outside of the military. The measuring stage for the barrel charge of gunpowder could be avoided by carrying a number of pre-measured charges in small containers of wood, metal or cloth, often carried on a bandolier.
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Mumps Hall was an inn at the confluence of the Poltross Burn and the River Irthing, a site now at the centre of the village of Gilsland in Cumbria. It appears in Celia Fiennes' account of her journey through northern England in 1689; she called it "a sorry place of entertainment" and it was described, but not named, by Walter Scott in his novel Guy Mannering: > “The alehouse, for it was no better, was situated at the bottom of a little > dell, through which trilled a small rivulet. It was shaded by a large ash > tree, against which the clay-built shed that served the purpose of a stable > was erected, and upon which it seemed partly to recline. In this shed stood > a saddled horse, employed in eating his corn.
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The usage of chessboards with various shapes goes back to the Persian origins of the game in the 10th century, when the book Muraj adh- dhahab (Board of the Gods) described six different variants of chess, including circular and cylindrical chess. Another exotic format is used in hexagonal chess, which utilises a hexagonal board with three different colours for its 91 squares. Boards of different sizes have also been used since the 10th century, with one of the first records being Tamerlane chess, with eleven columns by ten rows. The game originated in Persia and its board contains a peculiar element in the form of the addition of a square to the right of the second row of each player, called a citadel, and which served the purpose of being a refuge for the king and in some cases reaching a draw.
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Nakajima was first selected to represent the Japanese under-17 national team when he was called up to the Slovakia Cup, a friendly tournament in early May 2011 that served the purpose of preparing the squad for the FIFA U-17 World Cup. A month later, he was in Mexico playing at the 2011 U-17 World Cup, where he appeared in two matches and scored one goal in a 3–2 loss against Brazil in the quarter-finals. In August 2013, Nakajima was called for the Japanese under-20 national team to participate in the L'Alcúdia International Football Tournament in Spain. The squad was eliminated in the group stage, and he scored in a 2–1 win against Argentina. In January 2014, Nakajima played for the Japanese under-23 national team in the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship.
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It has been suggested that the adoption of the spelling without a "signified one of the ALP's earliest attempts at modernisation", and served the purpose of differentiating the party from the Australian labour movement as a whole and distinguishing it from other British Empire labour parties). Consistent with British spellings, -re, rather than -er, is the only listed variant in Australian dictionaries in words such as theatre, centre and manoeuvre. Unlike British English, which is split between -ise and -ize in words such as organise and realise, with -ize favoured by the Oxford English Dictionary and -ise listed as a variant, -ize is rare in Australian English and designated as a variant by the Macquarie Dictionary. Ae and oe are often maintained in words such as manoeuvre and paedophilia (excepting those listed below); however, the Macquarie Dictionary lists forms with e (e.g.
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They also tended to hate them for being both culturally and religiously different as well as because of religious teachings that held negative views of Jewish people such as portrayals of the Antichrist as Jewish. The Jewish people's economic position as moneylenders, coupled with royal protections that were given to them, created a strained relationship between Jews and Christians. This strain manifested itself in several ways, one of which was through the creation of antisemitic and anti-Judaism art and propaganda that served the purpose of discrediting both Jews and their religious beliefs as well as spreading these beliefs even further into society. Late medieval images of Ecclesia and Synagoga represented the Christian doctrine of supersessionism, whereby the Christian New Covenant had replaced the Jewish Mosaic covenantRose, Christine, "The Jewish Mother-in-law; Synagoga and the Man of Law's Tale", pp.
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On 22 April, he was the chief mourner at his uncle's impressive funeral, at which nine hundred black gowns were given out to the mourners in attendance. The 13th Earl of Oxford was buried at Colne Priory, and at the burial ceremony 'A mounted knight, armed with an axe, was led into the choir by two knights and delivered the axe to the bishop, who gave it to the heir'. . When John de Vere was only twelve years of age, the 13th Earl had married his nephew and heir presumptive to Anne Howard, a daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, by his second wife, Agnes Tilney, a marriage which served the purpose of uniting the families of the two greatest magnates in East Anglia. The marriage settlement was dated 16 November 1511 and the ceremony took place before 1 May 1512.
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Erinor leads her hordes to try to take over the collapsing Polypontian Empire. She is a radical of the Hypolitan and believes all men are of a lower kind and worth nothing more than to serve their wives, and belong to their mothers until they are married, in which they belong to their wives. She also believes she is the direct messenger of the Goddess and must sacrifice to her in order to win the war, sacrificing her favorite puppy when she was eight and her beloved husband before the final battle. It is unknown to her that she was really being guided by Cronus, who abandoned her once she had served the purpose of distracting the Icemark while he invaded the physical realms, leaving the arrogant military commander he left behind to be killed by Thirrin.
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The position most possibly evolved with the resettlement of the Cuman tribes following the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1242. In the introductory of the so-called second Cuman law of 1279, King Ladislaus IV ("the Cuman") referred to his grandfather King Béla IV, who placed Cumans under the direct jurisdiction of the Palatine, accordingly. Nora Berend, among others, questioned the authenticity of the document and called an "18th century forgery" which served the purpose of historical legitimacy to the restoration (redemptio) of the autonomous Jassic-Cuman district by Maria Theresa in 1745. In contrast, historians Attila Zsoldos and Tibor Szőcs considered the text is authentic and claimed the Palatine received that authority already during the Cumans' first entry into Hungary in 1239, in anology to the status of the dignity of Count of the Pechenegs.
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In particular he has addressed the contribution of the T cell receptor (TCR) to recognition by T cells of peptide-MHC complexes by transfer of TCR alpha and beta genes from one T cell clone to another. Questions concerned with the role of positive and negative selection of developing T cells by peptide-MHC complexes in the thymus in generating an effective and self-tolerant immune system were analyzed in TCR transgenic mice. The same experimental system served the purpose to study the impact of TCR-ligation on developing T cells by MHC class I and MHC class II ligands on the intrathymic generation of CD8 killer and CD4 helper cells, respectively. Further studies were concerned with the structure and function of the pre-T cell receptor and its role in controlling survival and differentiation of developing T cells that have succeeded in productive TCR beta rearrangement.
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Inside Stonehenge, facing northeast, April 2005 According to Kelly's theory, Stonehenge served the purpose of a mnemonic centre for recording and retrieving knowledge by Neolithic Britons, who lacked written language. The knowledge could have included pragmatic information on animal classification and behavior, geography and navigation, land management and crop cycles, as well as cultural knowledge on history, politics, genealogy and religion. In Knowledge and Power in Prehistoric Societies, Kelly suggests that knowledge may have been originally preserved by the nomadic Britons by using the landscape as a mnemonic tool, in a similar fashion to the memorization technique known as Method of loci. As the Britons started to settle, they would have needed to modify the way they stored their knowledge as they were not moving as much anymore, so they would have built Stonehenge in an attempt to replicate the landscape locally, allowing them to memorize and store knowledge.
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Despite the ALP officially adopting the spelling without a u, it took decades for the official spelling to achieve widespread acceptance. According to McMullin, "the way the spelling of 'Labor Party' was consolidated had more to do with the chap who ended up being in charge of printing the federal conference report than any other reason". Some sources have attributed the official choice of "Labor" to influence from King O'Malley, who was born in the United States and was reputedly an advocate of spelling reform; the spelling without a u is the standard form in American English. It has been suggested that the adoption of the spelling without a u "signified one of the ALP's earliest attempts at modernisation", and served the purpose of differentiating the party from the Australian labour movement as a whole and distinguishing it from other British Empire labour parties.
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In addition to the five stories, Melville wrote an introductory story for which the volume was titled. Scholar Douglas Robillard believes that this served the purpose of making the stories to appear "more closely joined than they actually are."Robillard (2004), 74 The contract for the book was signed on 17 March 1856, it was advertised on 5 April as "in press" and should have been available by 15 May--though a copy was deposited for copyright on May 20. The volume was printed by Miller & Holman, Printers and Stereotypers, of New York, as a duodecimo volume of 431 pages, excluding seven pages of advertisements for other product by the same publishers.Sealts (1987), 498-99 Biographer Parker observes that to reach that number of pages the book was padded out by leaving excessive white space.Parker (2002), 283 The front and back covers were ornamented by a border of rules and rosettes.
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"Using a blog is a very easy and effective way of casting aspersions on people." Despite his words of general support for the Center, Rabbi Yosef Blau agreed, saying "since they are anonymous, they can say almost anything." Rabbi Tzvi Hersh Weinreb, executive vice president of the Orthodox Union and a trained psychologist, said that while the Awareness Center and the blogs "have served the purpose of keeping this in the public spotlight and keeping the pressure on established institutions to police their constituencies... I read everything with a grain of salt." Jeff Bell, writing in the July 2008 issue of Catalyst magazine, went further, accusing the center's director of misusing the organization as a tool for defamation: > She now claims to be a victim’s advocate; but her advocacy seems to have > taken all the aspects of vigilante misanthrope, and the power of the blog is > her weapon.
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Ehrenpreis p. 303 Although nothing new would be discovered in an investigation, the letter served the purpose of trying to unite the people of Ireland to fight for further economic freedom. The Drapier refers to Ireland's lack of economic freedom when he claims, the Irish "are altogether Losers, and England a Gainer".Prose Works Letter 7 Swift's intentions behind the letter are uncertain, and some critics believe that Swift did not desire such an investigation into Wood's supporters while others contend that Swift was serious about promoting a public inquiry into the matter.Ehrenpreis p. 305 Ehrenpreis challenges Ferguson's characterization of Swift as not actually caring about an investigation The topics the Drapier addresses span from absentee land owners to importing of goods from Britain to the favouring of Englishmen over Irishmen for Irish governmental positions. These issues were the many issues that Swift cared about and saw as threatening Ireland before Wood's halfpence controversy.Ferguson p.
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During the 1580s, in anticipation of eventual attacks by forces loyal to King Philip II of Spain, the first forts began to be constructed along the coast: six forts lined the banks of the parishes coast, which included the Grande Fort and the Fort of Negrito. They served the purpose of defending political activities in the archipelago, but also safeguarded the pillaging from pirates and privateers that occurred during this period (which was the justification for the construction of the Fort of the Terreiro, the Fort of the Maré, the Fort of Má Ferramenta and the Fort of São João (São Mateus da Calheta) (also known as the Fort of Biscoitinho). The final defences were completed during the Second World War, with the extension of trenches and installation of gun emplacements. Father Manuel Luís Maldonado, writing in his work Fenix Nagrense, recounted the penitence of the peoples of the parish, as a sequence of the 26 March 1690 storm and 5 April 1690 earthquake.
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Perhaps the oldest historical reference to the area that became Jeannette is the role the area played in the Pontiac War in 1763. The Bushy Run Battlefield marks the spot where Colonel Henry Boquet led the British and American troops to defeat the Indians in a battle on the 5th and 6 August that year. This victory is credited with helping to prevent the capture of Fort Pitt, and it served the purpose of reopening communication and supply lines. Today, this historical landmark is the site of a museum, nature trails, picnic areas, and an annual reenactment of the Battle of Bushy Run. McKee Glass Factory, late 1880s First incorporated as a borough on June 7, 1889,"Jeannette hopes to reclaim glory of manufacturing heyday" , Tribune Review, January 28, 2007 Jeannette earned the nickname as "the glass city" in recognition of the numerous glass plants founded in the area, with those factories contributing to the city's original stature as the first large manufacturing town in Westmoreland County.
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While the LNDLR served the purpose of giving the rebelling peasants organizational structure and military guidance, the onset, development and character of the war were more rooted in grass roots circumstance and groups.Werner, Michael S., Concise encyclopedia of Mexico p. 148, Taylor & Francis, 2001 At first the rebellion was only able to sustain suppression in a half dozen western states where there was intense popular support and the organizational aid of local groups, the Popular Union (UP), initially spearheaded by Anacleto González Flores and the covert U, with cells dispersed throughout Jalisco and Michoacan.Werner, Michael S., Concise encyclopedia of Mexico p. 148, Taylor & Francis, 2001 In 1927, the LNDLR reorganized the rebellion in the west and, in August 1928, gave the rebellion its first military leader, the well experienced soldier who had fought in the Federal Army under Huerta, but anticlerical and mercenary, General Enrique Gorostieta, who was a 33rd degree Mason.
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In the 1980s, US warships were passing through the straits from the Mediterranean into the Black Sea two or three times a year to "show the flag" and to claim the right of innocent passage in the coastal states. Aside from the right of free passage, US naval activity in the Black Sea served the purpose of upholding US rights under the 1936 Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits. According to a US government official, "the Dardanelles and the Bosporus form an international waterway" under that convention and "if you don't periodically reaffirm your rights you find that they're hard to revive". Meanwhile, "The Rules of Navigation and Sojourn of Foreign Warships in the Territorial Waters and Internal Waters and Ports of the USSR", enacted by the Soviet Council of Ministers in 1983, acknowledged the right of innocent passage of foreign warships only in restricted areas of Soviet territorial waters in the Baltic, Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan; no sea lanes for innocent passage in the Black Sea were designated.
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