The food allowed was barley bread, milk, fish, and eggs. Flesh meat was not allowed except on great feasts.O'Halloran, W., Early Irish History and Antiquities and the History of West Cork, Chapter XI, 1916 In Ireland, a distinctive form of penance developed, where confession was made privately to a priest, under the seal of secrecy, and where penance was given privately and ordinarily performed privately as well.Medieval Handbooks of Penance, eds.
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Miller-Verghy extended her patronage on the impoverished Caragiale, and, according to Grigri Ghica, helped him store his belongings in a stable she owned. Ghica also reported his aunt's astonishment upon discovering that Mateiu Caragiale was using the building to house his destitute mother. According to one critic's interpretation, Miller-Verghy inspired the character Arethy in Caragiale's prose work Sub pecetea tainei ("Under the Seal of Secrecy", 1930).Ion Vartic, "Sâmburele de cireașă al celui din urmă senior", in Mateiu I. Caragiale, Sub pecetea tainei, Editura Echinox, Cluj-Napoca, 1994, p.122.
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A thangka depicting the fifth Dalai Lama. Lozang Gyatso, 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682), Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama ( 1876–1933), and Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama (present), all Gelugpas, are also noted Dzogchen masters. The fifth Dalai Lama had numerous Nyingma teachers and was also a terton who revealed a Dzogchen terma cycle through his pure visions known as the Sangwa Gyachen (Bearing the Seal of Secrecy). The current Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has given empowerments from this cycle.Dalai Lama XIV Bstan-ʼdzin-rgya-mtsho, Richard Barron (2004) Dzogchen: Heart Essence of the Great Perfection. pp. 24-25.
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In Christian Ireland – as well as Pictish and English peoples they Christianised – a distinctive form of penance developed, where confession was made privately to a priest, under the seal of secrecy, and where penance was given privately and ordinarily performed privately as well. Certain handbooks were made, called "penitentials", designed as a guide for confessors and as a means of regularising the penance given for each particular sin. In antiquity, penance had been a public ritual. Penitents were divided into a separate part of the church during liturgical worship, and they came to Mass wearing sackcloth and ashes in a process known as exomologesis that often involved some form of general confession.
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The first book (Kathapitha) is introductory, and refers the origin of the tales contained in the collection to no less a person than the deity Siva, who, it is said, related them in private conversation with his wife, Parvati, for her entertainment. One of the attendants of the god, Pushpadanta, took the liberty of listening, and he repeated them, under the seal of secrecy, to his wife, Jaya, a sort of lady’s maid to the goddess. Jaya takes an opportunity of intimating to her mistress that she is acquainted with the stories narrated by Siva to the great mortification of Parvati who had flattered herself that they had been communicated to her alone. She accordingly complains to Siva of his having deceived her and he vindicates himself by discovering the truth.
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Both Viala and Bataille admitted the crime, claiming that the text had been intended as a revenge on the Rimbaldians who had savagely criticized their recent staging of A Season in Hell and that it had been published without their knowledge. According to Breton and Benjamin Péret, under the seal of secrecy, but hoping to make the text known in the underground literary circles, Bataille had entrusted the poem to Maurice Billot, a bookseller and a close friend of Maurice Nadeau, Pascal Pia and Maurice Saillet; Billot, in turn, gave the poem to Saillet, demanding utmost discretion. Nevertheless, Saillet handed it to Pascal Pia and very soon they offered the text to Mercure de France; Saillet prepared the poem for printing, and Pia authored a long introduction; the book was published in a limited print run of 60 copies. After Breton's pamphlet, the text was republished as a Rimbaldian pastiche, but the press had turned the affair into a huge international scandal, out of which Nadeau never recovered, and "whose repercussions are hard to imagine today".
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