Ernst Maass, Scholia Graeca in Homeri Iliadem Townleyana (1887), a collection of scholia of Homer's Iliad. Ancient scholia are important sources of information about many aspects of the ancient world, especially ancient literary history. The earliest scholia, usually anonymous, date to the 5th or 4th century BC (such as the "a" scholia on the Iliad). The practice of compiling scholia continued to late Byzantine times, outstanding examples being Archbishop Eustathius' massive commentaries to Homer in the 12th century and the scholia recentiora of Thomas Magister and Demetrius Triclinius in the 14th.
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542; Gantz, p. 640; Acusilaus fr. 40 Fowler = FGrH 2F40 = Scholia on Odyssey 11.520; Scholia on Odyssey 11.521.
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A-scholia are found in other manuscripts as well. Venetus A contains some bT scholia. bT scholia came from two sources: the 11th century T, the "Townleian" scholia, so designated because the manuscript, Townleyanus, was once in the collection of Lord Townley, and a lost manuscript, b, of the 6th century, which has descendants, including Venetus B. The bT manuscripts descend from an earlier c. bT scholia are termed exegetical, as opposed to critical.
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These are glossaries. Among the non-minor scholia are mythological (allegorical) aetia, plots, and paraphrases, explaining the meanings of obscure words. The order of precedence and chronological order of these Iliad scholia is D, A, bT, and other. Material in them probably ranges from the 5th century BCE (the D scholia) to as late as the 7th or 8th century CE (the latest bT scholia).
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This was the first publication of any Iliadic scholia other than the "D" scholia (the scholia minora). The A and B scholia were a catalyst for several new ideas from the scholar Friedrich August Wolf. In reviewing Villoison's edition, Wolf realised that these scholia proved conclusively that the Homeric epics had been transmitted orally for an unknown length of time before appearing in writing. This led to the publication of his own seminal Prolegomena ad Homerum, which has set the agenda for much of Homeric scholarship since then.
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Fowler 2013, pp. 542-543, citing the scholia to Juvenal 6.655; Dowden, p. 58; Lloyd-Jones, p. 84. See also Gantz, p. 579, citing the A scholia on Iliad 1.59.
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The sources of the scholia are noted at the end of each book. There are basically four. The hypothetical original text of the scholia, a manuscript of the 4th century CE, is therefore called, in German, the Viermännerkommentar (VMK), "four-man commentary", where the men are Aristonicus, Didymus, Herodian, and Nicanor. Their comments, and these scholia, are termed "critical".
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It contained D-scholia of Porphyry. Some subsequent works concentrate on manuscripts or parts of them, others on type of scholia, and still others on books of the Iliad, or source. Larger compendia are relatively recent. One that has already become a standard is the 7-volume compendium of A- and bT-scholia by Hartmut Erbse.
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In one, they are found among those scholia on the works of Homer transmitted in Byzantine manuscripts as the so-called "D-scholia".M. Van der Valk, Researches on the Text and Scholia of the Iliad, vol. I (Leiden 1963) 303ff. In the other, recently recovered manuscript tradition, a 3rd-century CE papyrus, conserved at Berlin,PBerol 13282.
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No compendium has collated all of the Homeric scholia. Following the Principle of Economy: the allocation of scarce publication space to overwhelming numbers of scholia, the compilers have had to make decisions about what is important enough to compile. Certain types, or lines, have been distinguished; scholia have lines of descent of their own. Eleanor Dickey summarizes the most important three, identified by letter as A, bT, and D. A, "the Venetian scholia", are most of the scholia of Venetus A, a major manuscript of the Iliad, dated to the 10th century, and located in the Biblioteca Marciana (Library of St. Mark's) of Venice.
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The manuscript is ornamented. It contains scholia, the text was corrected.
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According to the publishers the blank space was intended for scholia.
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They are from Porphyry and Heraclitus, with some from Didymus. The D scholia, or scholia Didymi, named erroneously for Didymus, are the earliest and largest group. They occur primarily in the 9th century Z (Rome, Biblioteca Nazionale), and the 11th century Q, but also in some others, such as A and T. The D scholia were once thought to be the work of the 1st century BCE scholar Didymus; they are now known to go back to 5th and 4th century BC school manuscripts, pre- dating the Alexandrine tradition, and representing “the oldest surviving stratum of Homeric scholarship.” Some are also called the scholia minora and the scholia vulgata, the former name referring to the short length of many.
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According to a version of the story in the Iliad scholia (found nowhere else), when Zeus swallowed Metis, she was pregnant with Athena by the Cyclops Brontes.Gantz, p. 51; Yasumura, p. 89; scholia bT to Iliad 8.39.
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According to scholia on the Odyssey, Arcesius' parents were Zeus and Euryodeia;Scholia and Eustathius on Odyssey 16. 118 Ovid also writes of Arcesius as a son of Zeus.Ovid, Metamorphoses, 13. 144 Other sources make him a son of Cephalus.
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She was also known as Deidamia (; Ancient Greek: ),Plutarch, Parallel lives: Theseus, 30. 3 Laodamia ,In a vase painting: Archäologische Zeitung 29. 159 Hippoboteia ,Scholia on Iliad, 1. 263 Dia Scholia on Shield of Heracles, 187 or Ischomache Propertius, Elegies, 2. 2. 9).
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Lycophronis Alexandra. Recensuit Eduardus Scheer. Berlin, Weidmann, 1881-1908. Vol II Scholia, p 130, l.
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Scholia to Persius are also attributed to Annaeus Cornutus; the latter, however, are of much later date, and are assigned by Jahn to the Carolingian period.For a recent study of these scholia, some of which are now thought to be ancient, see J. E. G. Zetzel, Marginal Scholarship and Textual Deviance. The Commentum Cornuti and the Early Scholia on Persius, London, 2005. The so-called Disticha Cornuti belong to the Late Middle Ages.
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Myrina, citing the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 1.601. See also Etymologicum Magnum, s.v. Μυρίννα.
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14, 3.6.4; Pindar scholia (Bravo III, p. 115); Second Vatican Mythographer 141 Bode [= Euripides, Hypsipyle test.
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21 Fowler 2000, p. 289 = FGrHist 3 F 21 = Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3.1177-87f.
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620; Scholia on Aeschylus, Persians, 941; Eustathius on Dionysius Periegetes 791; Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 1126; 2. 780; Pollux, 4. 54. The harvest-song for Phrygian Lityerses was, according to one tradition, a comic version of the lament sung by the Mariandyni for Bormos.
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Eustathius and the scholia on this passage call the daughter and her lover Amphissa and Aechmodicus respectively.
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It contains lectionary markings at the margin for liturgical ruse and scholia added by several other hands.
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Idyll, 3.43; Scholia. ad Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonautica, 1.118; Pausanias. Description of Greece, 4.36; compare with Homer.
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It greatly differed however in its use of commentaries (scholia), which were pieces of juristic works from the sixth and seventh centuries as well as the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Previously, Justinian I had outlawed commentary on his set of laws, making the scholia on the Basilika unique. The actual format of the books themselves vary greatly. Some are represented in one manuscript, which may or may not contain scholia or full parts of other juristic works which have been mentioned.
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It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, synaxaria, and some scholia on the margin.
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The same scheme applies to the Odyssey, except that A scholia, mainly of the Iliad, are in deficit. There are no printed works publishing all the scholia on the Iliad and Odyssey. Only partial publications according to various principles have been possible. The first was that of Janus Lascaris in 1517.
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There are some scholia at the foot of the pages attributed to John Chrysostom. It contains breathings and accents.
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208; Pherecydes fr. 21 Fowler 2000, p. 289 = FGrHist 3 F 21 = Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3.1177-87f.
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16 Hippolochus, and Laodamia by Philonoe, daughter of King Iobates of Lycia. Philonoe was also known under several other names: Alkimedousa,Scholia on Homer, Iliad 6.192 Anticleia,Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 13. 61 Pasandra or Cassandra.Scholia on Homer, Iliad 6.155 In some accounts, Bellerophon also fathered Hydissos by Asteria, daughter of Hydeus.
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Library of St. Mark's, Venice, home of Venetus A. Scholia are ancient commentaries, initially written in the margins of manuscripts, not necessarily at the bottom, as are their modern equivalents, the notes. The term marginalia includes them. Some are interlinear, written in very small characters. Over time the scholia were copied along with the work.
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Scholia (singular scholium or scholion, from , "comment, interpretation") are grammatical, critical, or explanatory comments — original or copied from prior commentaries — which are inserted in the margin of the manuscript of ancient authors, as glosses. One who writes scholia is a scholiast. The earliest attested use of the word dates to the 1st century BC. Cicero Ad Atticum 16.7.
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His scholia on Horace, which are still extant, mainly consist of rhetorical and grammatical explanations. We probably do not possess the original work, which must have suffered from alterations and interpolations at the hands of the copyists of the Middle Ages, but on the whole the scholia form a valuable aid to the student of Horace.
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Lycophron scholia name Phoenix's mother Cleobule, and give the concubine's name as either Clytie or Phthia.Gantz, p. 618; Frazer's note 3 to Apollodorus, 3.13.8; Smith s.v. Phoenix 2; Tzetzes on Lycophron 421. According to the A scholia to Iliad 9.448, Phoenix's mother was named Hippodameia, and the concubine Clytie.Gantz, p. 618; Frazer's note 3 to Apollodorus, 3.13.
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Other children include Taurus, Asterius, Pylaon, Deimachus, Eurybius, Phrasius, Eurymenes, Evagoras and Epilaus (or Epileon).Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.9.9 Some say that Chloris was mother only of three of Neleus' sons (Nestor, Periclymenus and Chromius), whereas the rest were his children by different women,Aristarchus in scholia on Iliad, 11. 692; Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1.
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14, 3.6.4; Pindar scholia (Bravo III, p. 115); Second Vatican Mythographer 141 Bode [= Euripides, Hypsipyle test. va = 164 Pepin, pp. 166-167].
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58; Fowler 2013, p. 542; Hard, p. 472; Gantz, pp. 640-641; Acusilaus fr. 40 Fowler = FGrH 2F40 = Scholia on Odyssey 11.520.
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Apollodorus, 1.9.14, 3.6.4. Scholia to Pindar's Nemean Odes, say that in Aeschylus, Opheltes' mother is Nemea, presumably the eponymous nymph of Nemea.Gantz, p.
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1Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 8.4.2-4Tzetzes on Lycophron, 480Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.162 with scholia After his father's death, Apheidas became king of Tegea.
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But allegorising non-allegorical literature has not been a fashionable activity since the Middle Ages; it is common to see modern scholars refer to such allegorising in the scholia as "inferior" or even "contemptible".E.g. W. McLeod 1971, review of Erbse, Scholia Graeca in Homeri Iliadem vol. 1, in Phoenix 25.4: 373. As a result, these texts are now rarely read.
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397, 401. Ancient lexicographers explained the title as meaning "those who feed themselves by manual labour", and, according to Eustathius of Thessalonica, the word was used to describe the Cyclopean wall-builders, while "hands-to-mouth" was one of the three kinds of Cyclopes distinguished by scholia to Aelius Aristides.Storey, p. 401; Scholia to Aelius Aristides 52.10 Dindorf p. 408.
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P. Oxy. 221 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 221 (P. Oxy. 221 or P. Oxy. II 221) contains Homeric scholia by an unknown author, written in Greek.
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304 n. 57; Schachter 1967, p. 4; Fontenrose, p. 319; Scholia on Pindar Pythian 11.5–6 (Drachmann, pp. 254-255); Oxyrhynchus Papyri X 1241.4.
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Echephyllides was an Ancient Greek grammarian or historian. He is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium, and by the scholia on Plato's Phaedo (p. 389).
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Two scholia on Lucian connect the end of the games with a fire that burned down the temple of the Olympian Zeus during his reign.
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The scholia of Hesychius to the Twelve Minor Prophets, which are preserved in six manuscripts at Rome, Paris, and Moscow, have been published by Mats Eriksson.M. Eriksson, The Scholia by Hesychius of Jerusalem on the Minor Prophets, Uppsala Universitet 2012. His commentary on Isaiah was discovered in 1900 in the anonymous marginal notes to an eleventh-century Vatican manuscript (Vatic., 347) and published with a facsimile;M.
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Stephanus of Byzantium, s. v. PisidiaEtymologicum Magnum, 721. 43, under SolymoiAntimachus in scholia on Homer, Odyssey, 5. 283Clement of Rome in Rufinus of Aquileia, Recognitiones, 10.
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Faulhaber, Hesychii Hierosolymitani interpretatio Isaiae prophetae, Freiburg i. Br. 1906. the authenticity of these 2860 scholia was later confirmed by a ninth-century Bodleian manuscript (Miscell., 5).
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Leiden: Brill (Mnemosyne Supplement 217), 309-40) # It represents the flayed skin of Krios ('Ram'), companion of Phrixus.Diodorus Siculus 4. 47; cf. scholia on Apollonius Rhodius 2.
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57; in scholia on Euripides, Phoenician Women, 834 were mentioned the names of her mother (Xanthe?), herself and her two siblings, but the text is badly corrupt.
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After its initial release in 1075/6, Gesta was complemented with supplementary Scholias until the death of Adam in the 1080s. Birca is described as an existing city in the original version, but then as destroyed in Scholia 138. One of Adam's main sources had been the German bishop Adalvard the Younger of Sigtuna and later of Skara as hinted in Scholia 119. He was also very familiar with Rimbert's work.
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Scholia 122 of IV 20 locates the tomb of Hamburg's archbishop Unni in Birka: > There is the port of Saint Ansgar and the tomb of the holy Archbishop Unni, > and a familiar haven, it is said, for the holy confessors of our diocese. > (Scholia 122) According to Gesta, Unni had died in 936 (I 64).Unni's head was taken to the Bremen Cathedral where it still today is. Date 17.9.
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Apollonii Alexandrini de coniunctionibus (p. 477) et de adverbiis (p. 527) libri. Dionysii Thracis Grammatica (p. 627). Choerobosci, Diomedis, Melampodis, Porphyrii, Stephani in eam scholia (pp. 645–927).
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Apollodorus, 2.1.5; Hyginus, Fabulae, 168Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2. 19. 6; 2. 20. 5 Some sources relate that Amymone, the "blameless" Danaid,Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 9.
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For his work, Germanicus is ranked among Roman writers on astronomy, and his work was popular enough for scholia to be written on it well into the Medieval era.
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Scholia, on Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.1553 Sisyphus was the grandfather of Bellerophon through Glaucus,Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 1.9.3Homer, Iliad VI 152ff and Minyas, founder of Orchomenus, through Almus.
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Rhoiteion's greatest asset was the suitability of its coast for harbouring ships and its location on the Hellespont which connected the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea vis the Sea of Marmara; when it appears in the sources, it is usually for this reason. Famously, its coast was where the Achaeans beached their ships.Tryphiodorus, Iliou Persis 216, Libanius, Orationes 1.15, Scholia on Homer, Iliad 7.339b1, 14.36, 23.365, Scholia on Lycophron 276, 581.
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When the copyist ran out of free text space, he listed them on separate pages or in separate works. Today's equivalents are the chapter notes or the notes section at the end of the book. Notes are merely a continuation of the practice of creating or copying scholia in printed works, although the incunabula, the first printed works, duplicated some scholia. The works of Homer have been heavily annotated from their written beginnings.
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There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (later hand), (no references to the Eusebian Canons). It contains full scholia neatly written on the margin, synaxaria, and Menologion.
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It has scholia to the Catholic epistles. The biblical text is surrounded by a catena. The commentary is of Theodoret's authorship. The order of books: Acts, Catholic, and Pauline epistles.
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57 (otherwise known as AstydameiaPseudo- Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 3.13.2); Myrina, who married Thoas;Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 601 and an unnamed daughter, who became the mother of Asterius by Teutamus.
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Poros is related with the beginning of all things, and Tekmor is related with the end of all things.Alcman, frag. 5 (from Scholia), translated by Campbell, Greek Lyric, vol. 2; cf.
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Acts 1:1-3:10 was supplied in the 14th century. It contains lists of the (tables of contents) before each sacred book, Euthalian Apparatus, Prolegomena, and scholia on the Epistles.
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In Greek mythology, Boeotus (; ) was the eponym of Boeotia in Greece. Poseidon fathered both Aeolus and Boeotus with Arne (Melanippe).Scholia on Homer, Iliad B, 494, p. 80, 43 ed. Bekk.
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Most of the quotations are those of Ciril of Alexandria (93 scholia); next comes Titus of Bostra (45 scholia).J. Reuss, Bemerkungen zu den Lukas-Homilien des Titus von Bostra, Biblica 57 (1976), pp. 538-541.Lorenzo DiTommaso, Lucian Turcescu, The reception and interpretation of the Bible in late antiquity: proceedings of the Montréal colloquium in honour of Charles Kannengiesser, Brill 2008, p. 261. The commentary was written in a different kind of uncial script than the biblical text.
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Pseudo-Apollodorus, Library 1.3.3; Scholia on the Iliad 2.595. See , p. 96. According to Diodorus the mythical singer Linus took three pupils: Heracles, Thamyris, and Orpheus, which neatly settles Thamyris' legendary chronology.
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31; Athenaeus, x. 436, xi. 468, xiv. 634 Besides his tragedies, we are told by the scholiast on Aristophanes, that Ion also wrote lyric poems, comedies, epigrams, paeans, hymns, scholia, and elegies.
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460; Euripides, fr. 588a Kannicht (Collard and Cropp (2008b), pp. 58, 59) = Scholia on Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 770 Rutherford, pp. 486-487\. Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 768-784, ridicules such an implausible means of communication.
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Scholia on Iliad, 13. 694 Aeacus’ sons Peleus and Telamon were jealous of Phocus and killed him. When Aeacus learned about the murder, he exiled Peleus and Telamon.Roman, L., & Roman, M. (2010).
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3; Hyginus, Fabulae 152 ; b scholia to Iliad 2.783 (Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. pp. 59-60 no. 52); Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 5.16 (pp.498-501); Philostratus the Elder, Imagines 2.17.
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Lycurgus of Athens Against Leocrates 24.Cicero, In Defense of Sextus 48.Hyginus, Fabulae 46. Some of these traditions further confound them with Agraulos, Herse, and Pandrosus,Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, 1. 211.
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In general Scholion O has more overlap with Genesis Rabbah, the Talmud Yerushalmi, and other sources from Israel; while Scholion P is closer to Babylonian sources. The current Scholion, nicknamed the "Hybrid Version", was created in the 9th or 10th centuries by combining Scholia O and P. Scholia O and P may be just two examples of a genre of commentaries on Megillat Taanit, with a partial scholion in the Babylonian Talmud being a third example, and the other examples not surviving.
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Later he arranged the data and eventually collected over 1350 Observationes with appropriate Scholia. The Observationes were personal perceptions of patients and diseases, and formed the basis for the subsequent Scholia, initially dedicated as a separate monograph to personal acquaintances such as Prince Maurice of Orange, and city governments, like those of Alkmaar, Delft, Leiden, Amsterdam and Enkhuizen. In 1609 all his monographs and the treatise on urinalysis were bundled and published in Frankfurt as the Opera Omnia. Numerous reprints followed.
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Head of Silvanus crowned with pine, Centrale Montemartini, Rome. The sacrifices offered to Silvanus consisted of grapes, ears of grain, milk, meat, wine and pigs.Horace. Epistles II.1.143.Juvenal. VI.446, with associated scholia.
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21 Fowler 2000, p. 289 = FGrHist 3 F 21 = Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3.1177-87f. Anippe,Plutarch, Parallela minora 38 Eurryroe, EuropaTzetzes, Chiliades 7.37 p. 368-371 and possibly Caliadne, Polyxo and Thebe.
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The lists of the (tables of contents) are placed before each book. It contains the (titles) at the top, lectionary equipment at the margin, subscriptions at the end of books, , Synaxarion, Menologion, and scholia.
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It contains the Eusebian tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, with iambic verses, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, with numbers of Verses, numbers of scholia, numbers of , and pictures.
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P. Oxy. 694, 2nd century AD. In Greek mythology, Hylas was the son of King Theiodamas of the Dryopians and the nymph Menodice (daughter of Orion).Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 1213 with scholia on 1.
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1; Pausanias, 1.25.2, 8.29.1; AT-scholia to Iliad 15.27 (Hunter p. 81). Apollodorus, who placed the battle at Pallene, says the Giants were born "as some say, in Phlegrae, but according to others in Pallene".
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Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v.Conon, Narrations 14.Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 1. 28 In one account, Aetolus was the son of Protogenia by Zeus and the brother of Aethlius, OpusScholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 9.
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See Scholia on Aristophanes, Peace, 1270. However, confusion is possible with the much later literary poet Antimachus of Colophon (c. 400 BC), who wrote an epic Thebais on what must have been an overlapping subject.
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Besides the Iliad a few other mentions of Phoenix, from the epic tradition, are found in the Epic Cycle, a collection of epic poems about the Trojan War. According to scholia to Iliad 19, citing the Epic Cycle, prior to the Trojan War, Phoenix was sent with Odysseus and Nestor to seek out Achilles (who, as it turns out, is hiding on Skyros disguised as a girl) to recruit him for the war.Gantz, pp. 581-582; Scholia (D) Iliad 19.326 = Cypria fr. 19 West, pp. 96-99\.
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It seems probable that the work "Sefat Emet" (Lip of Truth), which, according to the testimony of Shabbethai, Bass, contains scholia to the Talmud and to the Tosafot, was written by Aaron ben Joseph and not by his grandson, Aaron ben Isaac Sason. This probability is supported to some extent by the title, "Sefat Emet," which corresponds with the title of his collection of responsa, as well as by the above cited statement in his introduction to "Torat Emet," that he had written scholia to the Talmud.
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There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (Matthew 360, Mark 240 – 16:19; Luke 342, John 232), with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Epistle to Carpianum, the tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, portraits of the four Evangelists, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, with numbers of (in Mark). It is elegantly written. It has scholia in Matthew and two scholia in Mark (16:19.20).
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It contains scholia to the Acts, some marginal corrections made by prima manu (e.g. Luke 24:13). The Pauline epistles have the Euthalian subscriptions. It has margin notes in uncial script to the Acts of Apostles.
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Tzetzes, scholia on pseudo-Lycophron Alexandra 50. The Homeric Iliad mentions Ocalea in the Catalogue of Ships as one of the towns that contributed to the Boeotian contingent of the Greek army in the Trojan War.
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It has some scholia at the margin.Constantin von Tischendorf, Novum Testamentum Graece. Editio Septima, Sumptibus Adolphi Winter, Leipzig 1859, p. CC. Movable nu is rare, and the few errors of itacism are of the common kind.
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PisidiaEtymologicum Magnum, 721. 43, under SolymoiAntimachus in scholia on Homer, Odyssey, 5. 283Clement of Rome in Rufinus of Aquileia, Recognitiones, 10. 21 Solymus was said to have married his own sister Milye, also a local eponymous heroine.
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Scholia on Iliad, 2. 842; Eustathius on Iliad, 358. 19; Diogenes Laërtius, 8. 1. 31.: Pylaios was one of the three epithets that Hermes bore as the conveyor of the souls of the dead to the Underworld.
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Wendel), cf. Scholia on Lycophron 583, 1161; Bürchner, RE IA col. 1006. Surface surveys conducted in 1959 and 1968 suggest that the site was occupied by Greeks from at least the late 8th century BC.Cook (1973) 80–1.
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Larisa of Argos. Hellanicus of Lesbos concerns himself with one word in one line of the Iliad, "pasture-land of horses", applied to Argos in the Peloponnesus.Hellanicus fr. 36, Fowler, p. 173 (apud Scholia (T+) Iliad 3.75b); cf.
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It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. It has the commentary of Victor in Mark, catena of Chrysostomos in John, and scholia to the other Gospels.
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Pseudo-Nonnus, also called Nonnus Abbas (i.e. "Nonnus the Abbot"), was a 6th- century commentator on Gregory of Nazianzus.Nimmo Smith, pp. xxxvi-xxxviii. His Commentaries consist of scholia explaining the meaning of Gregory's many allusions to Greek mythology.
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It contains table of the (table of contents) before the text of the Gospel, pictures, a commentary of Victorinus and scholia at the margin to the Catholic epistles. The text of the Catholic epistles is only in some passages.
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The document was written by an unknown copyist. The verso side contains Homeric scholia on the 21st book of the Iliad. The recto side is known as Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 220. The text is written in an informal uncial hand.
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The Scolica enchiriadis is written as a tripartite dialogue, and despite being a commentary on the Musica enchiriadis, it is nearly three times as long. Erickson, Raymond. "Musica enchiriadis, Scholia enchiriadis". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.
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According to Virgil, Selene also had a tryst with the great god Pan, who seduced her with a "snowy bribe of wool".Virgil, Georgics 3.3.391–93, Scholia on Virgil add that the god wrapped himself in a sheepskin.Gantz, p.
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Erginus is said to be the son of Poseidon, and to have resided in the Carian city of Miletus,Apollonius Rhodius. Argonautica, Book 1.185 & 2.896; Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, Book 1.415; Argonautica Orphica, 150; Scholia. ad Pindar. Pythian Ode, 4.
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52 This music theory treatise, along with its companion text, Scolica enchiriadis, was widely circulated in medieval manuscripts, often in association with Boethius' De institutione musica.Erickson, Raymond. "Musica enchiriadis, Scholia enchiriadis". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.
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Salmoneus was a son of Aeolus and Enarete or Iphis, daughter of PeneusHellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium, 208 (p. 376) or LaodiceScholia on Homer. Odyssey, 11.235 and brother of Athamas, Sisyphus, Cretheus, Perieres, Deioneus, Canace, Alcyone, and Perimede.Pseudo- Apollodorus.
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6 \- Hyginus, Fabulae, 202 \- Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 3. 48 Ischys was then killed by Zeus or Apollo himself. The mortal lover of Coronis was also known as AlcyoneusAntoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses, 20 or Lycus.Lactantius Placidus on Statius, Thebaid, 3.
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It contains the Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, Synaxarion, Menologion, pictures, scholia at the margin, Victor's commentary on Mark, and note on John 7:53, as in 145 and others.
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A Commentary on the Odyssey by a certain Theon is quoted in the Etymologicum Magnum.Etymologicum Magnum s.v. In one of the Scholia on Aristophanes,Scholiast on Aristophanes, The Clouds 397 (the authenticity of which is debated)see Dindorf, Annot. ad loc.
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The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 289 parchment leaves (size ). The biblical text is surrounded by a commentary. A commentary to the Gospel of Mark is an authorship of Victorinus of Pettau. It contains pictures and scholia.
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It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning, subscriptions at the end of the Gospels, with numbers of , and numbers of , some notes from the first scribe, scholia from the later hand, and pictures. It has errors with iota subscriptum.
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He researched and taught there until just before his death. His research was devoted to textual criticism and editions of Greek fragments and scholia, and to interpretation of Homer, Herodotus, and Thucydides. Erbse acted as co-editor of the well- known journals Glotta and Hermes, and in 1965 was one of the editors of the Lexikon der Alten Welt (LAW), alongside Carl Andresen, Olof Gigon, Karl Schefold, Karl Friedrich Stroheker, and Ernst Zinn. With Kurt Latte he published the Lexica Graeca minora, but he remains best known for his masterpiece, a huge seven-volumes critical edition of Iliad's Scholia vetera.
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The Bobbio Scholiast (commonly abbreviated schol. Bob.) was an anonymous scholiast working in the 7th century at the monastery of Bobbio and known for his annotations of texts from classical antiquity. He is a unique source for some information about ancient Rome, particularly biographical data and certain details of historical events, and appears to have had access to sources now lost. Although many commentaries and scholia were produced at the monastery, which was famous for its literary culture and vast library, the label "Bobbio Scholiast" has attached itself mainly to the scholia on a selection of Cicero's speeches.
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In Greek mythology, Enarete (, Ancient Greek: "virtuous" literally "in virtue", from en "in" and arete "virtue") or Aenarete (Ancient Greek: Ainarete), was the daughter of Deimachus, was the wife of Aeolus and ancestor of the Aeolians.Enarete is the form found in the manuscripts of Bibliotheca 1.7.1, which takes to be a misspelling of Aenarete, the form written in the scholia to Plato, Minos 315c, since Enarete cannot stand in a hexameter line and the Bibliotheca's primary source at this point is the epic Hesiodic Catalogue of Women. At scholia to Pindar, Pythia 4.252 yet another form—Enarea ( or )—is found.
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All Greek manuscripts of the Corpus Areopagiticum surviving today stem from an early sixth-century manuscript containing John's Scholia and Prologue — so John of Scythopolis had an enormous influence on how Dionysius was read in the Greek-speaking world.Paul Rorem and John C Lamoreaux, John of Scythopolis and the Dionysian Corpus: Annotating the Areopagite, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), pp1-3. Rorem and Lamoreaux produce a translation of about two-thirds of John's Prologue and Scholia on pp144-263. Theologians such as John of Damascus and Germanus I of Constantinople also made ample use of Dionysius' writing.
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6 online. Some commentaries from Classical Antiquity or the Middle Ages (more strictly referred to as scholia) are a valuable source of information otherwise unknown, including references to works that are now lost. Jerome provides a list of several commentaries that were in use during his days as a student in the 350s A.D.Jerome, Apology for Himself against the Books of Rufinus 1.16; Alan Cameron, Greek Mythography in the Roman World (Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 3. One of the most used of the ancient scholia today is that of Servius on Vergil’s Aeneid, written in the 4th century.
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304 n. 57; Fontenrose, p. 319; Scholia on Pindar, Pythian 11.5–6 (Drachmann, pp. 254-255). According to the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, the first fratricide occurred at Thebes when Melia's brothers, Ismenus and Claaitus (a corruption or variant of Caanthus?) fought over her.
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By the nymph Axioche ()Scholia on Euripides, Orestes, 4; on Pindar, Olympian Ode, 1. 144 or DanaisPseudo-Plutarch, Greek and Roman Parallel Stories, 33 or AstyocheRobert Graves. The Greek Myths, section 110 s.v. The Children of Pelops, Pelops was father of Chrysippus.
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In Greek mythology, Themisto (; Ancient Greek: Θεμιστώ), daughter of Hypseus, was the third and last wife of Athamas. According to some sources, she had four children by him: Leucon, Erythrius, Schoeneus, and Ptous.Pseudo- Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.9.2.Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 2.
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Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 152, with a reference to Peisander for Polydora and to Theocritus for Laocoosa, see Theocritus, Idyll 22. 206 The patronymic Apharetidae, derived from the name of Aphareus, is sometimes used to refer to Idas and Lynceus collectively.
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2–3 and 31.1; Scholia in Lucani Bellum civile, note to Lucan's Bellum civile 3.64, p. 93 in the edition of Hermann Usener (Leipzig: Teubner 1869); T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2 (New York 1952), pp. 260 and 270.
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Titus Gallus is an early Vergilian commentator, fl. in the 5th or 6th century. He is known only from a mention in the Berne scholia, haec omnia de commentariis Romanorum congregavi, id est Titi Galli et Gaudentii et maxime Iunilii Flagrii Mediolanensis.
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Onomasti komodein (, onomasti kōmōidein, "to ridicule by name in the manner of the comic poets") was an expression used in Ancient GreeceAelius Aristides, vol. 2, pp. 117 and 298 Jebb; Hermogenes of Tarsus, On issues 11 (and the scholia, vol. 4, pp.
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Quintus Roscius (ca. 126 BC – 62 BC) was a Roman actor. The cognomen Gallus is dubious, as it appears only once as a scholia in a manuscript of Cicero's Pro Archia.Q. Roscius in the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol.
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Other ancient scholia say, as Hesiod does, that Orion was the son of Poseidon and his mother was a daughter of Minos; but they call the daughter Brylle or Hyeles.Mulryan and Brown, trans. of Natalis Comes, Vol II, p. 752. n 98.
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Theodore Bar Konai () was a distinguished Assyrian exegete and apologist of the Church of the East who seems to have flourished at the end of the eighth century. His most famous work was a book of Scholia on the Old and New Testaments.
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In his version, Zeus had to intervene to save Cadmus from the anger of Ares, who wished to kill him.Gantz, p. 468.Scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.1178 Echion later married Agave, the daughter of Cadmus, and their son Pentheus succeeded Cadmus as king.
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99 n. 11. At Hesiod, Theogony 817-819, Briareus is the son-in-law of Poseidon, and Iliad scholia describe him as a son of Poseidon, see West 1966, p. 210 on line 149 Βριάρεως. or it could instead mean "the man from Aegae".
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It contains Prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, and scholia. The biblical text is surrounded by a commentary (catena, Victor's in Mark). It has some rare readings. Kurt Aland the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category.
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He is mentioned by Sextus Empiricus and scholia on Homer and on Euripides' Alcestis.Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, v. 3, page 990; relevant passages from the Greek texts in Karl Müller, Fragmenta historicorum graecorum (Paris 1851), vol. 4, p. 508.
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He was reportedly son of Erechtheus, King of Athens, and Praxithea.Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9. 26. 6; scholia on Homer, Iliad, 2. 498 call him son of Teuthras or Cepheus His maternal grandparents were Phrasimus and Diogenia, the daughter of the river god Cephissus.
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Cf. K. Lake, On the Italian Origin of Codex Bezae, Journal of Theological Studies, Vol. I, No. 3 (April, 1900), p. 445 According to Hermann von Soden the manuscript was prepared for liturgical reading. It contains some scholia from Epiphanius of Salamis and John Chrysostom.
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It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian Tables, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, synaxaria, Menologion, subscriptions at the end Mark and John (as in Codex Sangallensis 48), numbers of , and pictures. The initial letters, rubrics, and scholia in red.
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Extant manuscripts of the Targum are "extremely difficult to use" on account of scribal errors caused by a faulty understanding of Hebrew on the part of the Targum's translators and a faulty understanding of Aramaic on the part of later copyists. Scholia of Origen's Hexapla and the writings of some church fathers contain references to "the Samareitikon" (Greek: το Σαμαρειτικόν)., a work that is no longer extant. Despite earlier suggestions that it was merely a series of Greek scholia translated from the Samaritan Pentateuch, scholars now concur that it was a complete Greek translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch either directly translated from it or via the Samaritan Targum.
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Justinian I, the emperor who instigated the rewriting of Roman law Little is known about the Beirut law school's curriculum before the 5th century. The Scholia Sinaitica and the Scholia to the Basilica provide glimpses of the school's teaching method, comparable to the method of rhetoric schools at the time. The lecturer would discuss and analyze legal texts by adding his own comments, which included references to analogous passages from imperial constitutions or from the works of prominent classical Roman jurists, such as Ulpian. He would then formulate the general legal principles and use these to resolve legal problems inspired from actual, practical cases.
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In the meantime he had assisted Louis XII in forming the library of Blois, and when Francis I had it removed to Fontainebleau, Lascaris and Guillaume Budé had charge of its organization. We owe to him a number of editiones principes, among them the Anthologia Graeca (1494), four plays of Euripides, Callimachus (about 1495), Apollonius Rhodius, Lucian (1496), printed in Florence in Greek capitals with accents, the scholia of Didymas (Rome 1517) and of Porphyrius (1518) on Homer (Rome 1518), and the scholia vetera on Sophocles (Rome 1518). Among his pupils were Alessandra Scala, Marco Musuro, Germain de Brie, Dimitrije Ljubavić, and Jacques Dubois.
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However, in the standard classical tradition Sarpedon was instead the Cretan son of Zeus and Europa, and the brother of Minos. According to scholia to Iliad book 12, citing Hesiod and Bacchylides, Europa bore Zeus three sons on Crete, Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhadamanthus.Gantz, p. 210; Hesiod fr.
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22Pseudo-Clement, Homilia, 5. 13 Myrmidon married Peisidice, daughter of Aeolus and Enarete, and by her became the father of Antiphus and Actor.Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 1.7.3 Also given as his sons are ErysichthonAthenaeus, Deipnosophistae 10.9b and Dioplethes, himself father of Perieres,Scholia on Homer, Iliad, 16.
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292–298, connects Arima with the Hittite place names "Erimma" and "Arimmatta" which he associates with the Corycian cave. The b scholia to Iliad 2.783, mentioned above, says Typhon was born in Cilicia "under Arimon",Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. pp. 59–60 no. 52; Ogden 2013b, pp.
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1Tzetzes on Lycophron 177 or Perimede,Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 3.28 or Peitho and Europe.Scholia on Euripides, Orestes 932 According to Graves, Cerdo (‘gain or ‘art’) is one of Demeter's titles; it was applied to her as weasel, or vixen, for both are considered prophetic animals.
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Epigoni (, Epigonoi, "Progeny") was an early Greek epic, a sequel to the Thebaid and therefore grouped in the Theban cycle. Some ancient authors seem to have considered it a part of the Thebaid and not a separate poem.For example, Pausanias 9.9.5; Scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes 1.308.
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298–299) (where the Chorus asks if Typhon has thrown the mountain (presumably Etna) off "and stretched his limbs"); Apollodorus, 1.6.3; Hyginus, Fabulae 152; b scholia to Iliad 2.783 (Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. pp. 59–60 no. 52); Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 5.16 (pp.
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Caesar, Bellum civile 1.30.2; Cicero, Pro Ligario 21; Scholia Gronoviana 291 in Stangl; Broughton, MRR p. 259. Excluded from his province by Varus, Tubero then went to join Pompey. Varus was well known in Africa from his earlier propraetorship, and was thus able to raise two legions.
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Lynceus was a son of Aphareus and AreneOvid, Metamorphoses VIII, 304 or Polydora or Laocoosa,Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 152, with a reference to Peisander for Polydora and to Theocritus for Laocoosa, see Theocritus, Idyll 22. 206 and thus brother to Idas and Peisus.
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He edited The Acharnians of Aristophanes, and several of the plays and scholia of Sophocles and Euripides. He was the first to recognise the importance of the Laurentian manuscript 32.9,Sandys, A History of Classical Scholarship III, Cambridge: 1908. a facsimile of a text by Sophocles.
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The document was written by an unknown copyist. The recto side consists of fragments of a work on prosody. The verso side consists of Homeric scholia to the Iliad (Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 221). The text on the recto side is written in a round well formed upright uncial hand.
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And like Orthrus, Cerberus was multi-headed. The earliest accounts gave Cerberus fifty,Hesiod, Theogony 311-312. or even one hundred heads,Pindar fragment F249a/b SM, from a lost Pindar poem on Heracles in the underworld, according to a scholia on the Iliad, Gantz p. 22; Ogden, p.
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152, 153); Seneca, Hercules Furens 46–62 (pp. 52–53), Thyestes 808–809 (pp. 298–299) (where the Chorus asks if Typhon has thrown the mountain (presumably Etna) off "and stretched his limbs"); Apollodorus, 1.6.3; Hyginus, Fabulae 152; the b scholia to Iliad 2.783 (Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. pp.
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Deianira unwedded in his father's house, and entreats Heracles to take her as bride;Scholia on Iliad 21.194, noted by Kerenyi 1959:180 note 103. here Bacchylides breaks off his account of the meeting, without noting that in this way Heracles in the Underworld chooses a disastrous wife.
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Part of an eleventh-century manuscript, "the Townley Homer". The writings on the top and right side are scholia. The study of Homer is one of the oldest topics in scholarship, dating back to antiquity. Nonetheless, the aims of Homeric studies have changed over the course of the millennia.
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292-298, connects Arima with the Hittite place names "Erimma" and "Arimmatta" which he associates with the Corycian cave. The b scholia to Iliad 2.783, preserving a possible Orphic tradition, has Typhon born "under Arimon in Cilicia",Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. pp. 59-60 no. 52; Ogden 2013b, pp.
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Erginus was the son of Clymenus, his predecessor, and Buzyge (or Budeia)Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1.185; Eustathius on Homer, 1076.26 and his brothers were Arrhon, Azeus, Pyleus, and Stratius.Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9.37.1 Some authorsPindar. Olympian Ode, 4.19 identify him with another Erginus, a Milesian Argonaut.
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Hyginus, Fabulae 138 Yet in some versions Philyra and Chariclo, the wife of Chiron, nursed the young Achilles;Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 4. 813Pindar, Pythian Ode 4. 102 ff Chiron's dwelling on Pelion where his disciples were reared was known as "Philyra's cave".Pindar, Nemean Ode 3.
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Jacob was also the chief founder of the Syriac Massorah among the Syrians, which produced such manuscripts as the one (Vat. cliii.) described by Wiseman in Horae syriacae, part iii. He also wrote commentaries and scholia on the Bible. Specimens of these are given by Assemani and Wright.
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Calderini's note says that Brotheus was the son of Vulcan and Minerva; scorned because of his ugliness, he cast himself into a burning pyre.Calderini goes on to identify Brotheus with Erichthonius. The scholia and Renaissance commentaries are discussed at length in Peter Burman's 1727 edition of the Ibis, p.
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504-505), 1356-1358 (pp. 606-607), 1404-1408 (pp. 610-611); Diodorus Siculus, 4.15.1; Pausanias, 1.25.2, 8.29.1; AT-scholia to Iliad 15.27 (Hunter p. 81). Apollodorus, who placed the battle at Pallene, says the Giants were born "as some say, in Phlegrae, but according to others in Pallene".
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It contains the Eusebian tables, tables of the (tables of contents), prolegomena, pictures, with short scholia, commentary of Victorinus to the Gospel of Mark, synaxaria, and pictures. The pericope John 7:53-8:11 is placed at the end; in John 8:6 it used textual variant μη προσποιουμενος.
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Pseudo- Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.8.3; Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 1, line 121 There existed in antiquity an epic poem Aegimius of which a few fragments are extant, and which is sometimes ascribed to Hesiod and sometimes to Cercops of Miletus.Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 11. p. 503; Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v.
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Sarpedon and his brothers Minos and Rhadamanthus, were adopted by the Cretan king Asterion or Asterius.Hard, p. 337. According to the scholia to Iliad book 12 (mentioned above) when Zeus brought Europa to Crete, he gave her as wife to Asterion, the king of Crete,Gantz, p. 210; Hesiod fr.
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The Bobbio Scholiast describes the first provision:Hildebrandt, P. Scholia In Ciceronis Orationes Bobiensia. Stuttgart, Germany: B. G. Teubner, 1971. pp. 106. "The Caecilian and Didian law decreed that the period of trinundium be observed for promulgating laws."Caecilia est autem et Didia, quae iubebant in promulgandis legibus trinundium tempus observari.
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The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. The text is written in one column per page, 35 lines per page. The Epistle to the Hebrews is placed before 1 Timothy. It contains scholia, lectionary markings were added by a later hand.
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Bias married his cousin Pero who was the daughter of Neleus. It was said that Neleus would not allow his daughter to marry anyone unless the suitor brought him the oxen of Iphiclus. These Melampus achieved with courage and using his supernatural abilities of speaking with animals,Scholia. ad Theocritus.
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3, Ovid Metamorphoses 1.624.; scholia on Euripides, Phoenician Women, 1116 According to Pausanias,Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2.16.4 Arestor was the husband of Mycene, the daughter of Inachus, from whom the city of Mycenae derived its name. Some authors gave Arestor as the father of another Argus, the builder of Argo.
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There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 235 Sections - 16:12), with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains Argumentum (to Matthew), Prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) with a harmony, lectionary markings at the margin (later hand). It contains scholia on the first seven leaves.
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Argus building the Argo, with the help of Athena In Greek mythology, Argus (; Ancient Greek: Ἄργος Argos) was the builder and eponym of the ship Argo, and consequently one of the Argonauts; he was said to have constructed the ship under Athena's guidance.Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 4 with scholia, 1. 112; 1.
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Xuthus was a son of Hellen and Orseis and brother of Dorus, Aeolus and XenopatraHellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium, 208 (p. 376). He had two sons by Creusa (daughter of Erechtheus): Ion and AchaeusPseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.7.3 and a daughter named Diomede. Aiclus and Cothus are sometimes described as being his children.
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118; cf. also Bibliotheca 1. 9. 16; Hyginus, Fabulae, 173 Arcesius's wife (and thus mother of Laertes) was Chalcomedusa,Scholia on Odyssey 16. 118 whose origins are not mentioned further, but whose very name, chalcos ("copper") and medousa ("guardian" or "protectress"), identifies her as the protector of Bronze Age metal-working technology.
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Junius Philargyrius (Philargirius, Filargirius) was an early commentator on the Bucolica and Georgica of Vergil, dedicated to a certain Valentinianus. He was a member of the Junia gens, active in Milan. The commentary is preserved in two recensions: one is found in the Berne scholia (ed. H. Hagen, Jahrbuch für classische Philologie Suppl.
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Circa 370-360 BC The Aleuadae () were an ancient Thessalian family of Larissa who claimed descent from the mythical Aleuas.Pindar, Pythian Odes x. 8, with the scholia The Aleuadae were the noblest and most powerful among all the families of Thessaly, whence Herodotus calls its members "rulers" or "kings" ().Herodotus, vii. 6Comp.
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It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel (with a Harmony) before each Gospel, Synaxarion, Menologion (later hand), and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel with numbers of Verses. It has also some scholia, extracts from Severianus's commentary, list of the Gospel's parables.
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Celaeno was the daughter of Atlas and Pleione or Aethra. She was said to be mother of Lycus and Nycteus by Poseidon;Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.10.1 of Eurypylus (or Eurytus), King of Cyrene, and Lycaon, also by Poseidon;Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 4. 1561 and lastly of Lycus and Chimaereus by Prometheus.
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Alexios Aristenos () was oikonomos and nomophylax of the Great Church at Constantinople. He flourished around 1166 AD, in which year he was present at the Council of Constantinople. He edited a Synopsis Canonum with scholia, which is given by Bishop Beveridge in his Pandectae Canonum in 1672. Other works by him are quoted.
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Lycurgus 3, Lycurgus 4 (treating the two as distinct). According to the scholia to Pindar's Nemean Odes, Adrastus' father Talaus had a son Pronax, and so too in Apollodorus, 1.9.13, which also mentions that Pronax had a son Lycurgus, which Apollodorus, 1.9.14 distinguishes from the Lycurgus who was the father of Opheltes.
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In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Demeter (; Attic: Dēmḗtēr ; Doric: Dāmā́tēr) is the Olympian goddess of the harvest and agriculture, presiding over grains and the fertility of the earth. Her cult titles include Sito (), "she of the Grain",. Cf. . as the giver of food or grain,Eustathius of Thessalonica, scholia on Homer, 265.
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Strabo then explains, "For Anthony took away the finest dedications from the most famous temples to gratify the Egyptian woman (i.e. Cleopatra), but Augustus gave them back to the gods".Strabo 13.1.30. Following the reign of Augustus, this became the dominant version of the myth for the rest of Antiquity.Pomponius Mela 1.96, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 5.125, Ps-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 5.7, Pausanias 1.35.3, Lucian, Charon sive contemplantes 23, Philostratus of Lemnos, Heroicus Olearius p. 738 line 18, Tertullian, De Anima 46, Dictys Cretensis 5.15, Scholia on Homer, Iliad 12.118b, Scholia on Sophocles, Ajax Hypothesis scholion 4. In Pliny the Elder (mid-1st century AD) we hear of the promontory near İn Tepe referred to as Aeantion meaning 'the place of Ajax' (from Ancient Greek ).
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Scholia: Argonautica 1.747–51a; cf. Argonautica 1.747–51. At Bibliotheca 2.4.5 the two names for the inhabitants of Taphos are attributed to the fact that Taphius founded the island and named the people Teleboans because he had "gone far from his homeland" (), the adverb , tēloû, being combined with the verb translated here as "gone", , ébē.
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Review by Wilfred E. Major of P.K. Marshall, Hyginus: Fabulae. Editio altera. 2002 Among Hyginus' sources are the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica, which were dated to about the time of Tiberius by Apollonius' editor R. Merkel, in the preface to his edition of Apollonius (Leipzig, 1854).Noted by Rose 1958:42 note 3.
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640-641; Scholia on Odyssey 11.521; Scholiast on Euripides, Trojan Women 822 = Little Iliad fr. 6 West (West, pp. 128, 129). According to the Euripides scholiast, the author of the Little Iliad said that a golden vine was made by Hephaestus for Zeus, and that Zeus gave it to Laomedon in compensation for Ganymede.
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It was very popular in the Byzantine period, and was read and commented on very frequently; the manuscripts of the Alexandra are numerous. Two explanatory paraphrases of the poem survive, and the collection of scholia by Isaac and John Tzetzes is very valuable (much used by, among others, Robert Graves in his Greek Myths).
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Greek manuscript of Hesiod's Theogony with scholia written in the margins The Theogony (, Theogonía, , i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 700 BC. It is written in the Epic dialect of Ancient Greek.
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It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning, lists of the (lists of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), pictures, and many corrections with scholia added by a later hand. The Synaxarion, Menologion, and (lessons) were added by a later hand. The text of the Gospels is surrounded by a catena.
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The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 240 paper leaves (). It is carefully written in one column per page, 25 lines per page. It contains prolegomena, Synaxarion, and scholia to the Acts, and lectionary markings at the margin of the Epistles for liturgical reading. It contains Martyrium Pauli.
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A version of Melia's story perhaps also involved the Theban Amphion.Schachter 1967, p. 4. Pherecydes says that Melia was the name of one of the daughters of Amphion and his wife Niobe,Fowler 2013, p. 367; Schachter 1967, p. 4; Pherecydes fr. 126 Fowler 2000, p. 342 = FGrHist 3 F 126 = Scholia on Euripides, Phoenician Women 159.
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It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, numbers of , and scholia. The manuscript is elegantly and correctly written. It contains the pericope John 7:53-8:11 but marked with an obelus.
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Kurt Aland the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Λ. The Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is marked by an obelus. It contains western readings both in text (in John 3:6; 7:29; Luke 24:25) and in its marginal scholia.
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By the Classical Period the Homeric Question had advanced to the point of trying to determine what works were attributable to Homer. The Iliad and the Odyssey were beyond question. They were considered to have been written by Homer. The D-scholia suggest that they were taught in the schools; however, the language was no longer self-evident.
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It is also sometimes difficult to know what exactly the Alexandrians meant when they rejected a passage. The scholia on Odyssey 23.296 tell us that Aristarchus and Aristophanes regarded that line as the end of the epic (even though that is grammatically impossible); but we are also told that Aristarchus separately rejected several passages after that point.
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Euphemus was a son of Poseidon, granted by his father the power to walk on water.Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 182Hyginus, Fabulae, 14 His mother is variously named: Europe, daughter of the giant Tityos;Pindar, Pythian ode 4. 45 Doris or Mecionice, daughter of either Eurotas or OrionHesiod, Megalai Ehoiai 253 in scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.
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Deucalion from "Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum" In Greek mythology, Deucalion (; ) was the son of Prometheus; ancient sources name his mother as Clymene, Hesione, or Pronoia.The scholia to Odyssey 10.2 names Clymene as the commonly identified mother, along with Hesione (citing Acusilaus, FGrH 2 F 34) and possibly Pronoia. He is closely connected with the flood myth in Greek mythology.
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Odysseus returns Chryseis to her father (by Claude Lorrain, 1644). In Greek mythology, Chryseis (, , ) is a Trojan woman, the daughter of Chryses. Chryseis, her apparent name in the Iliad, means simply "Chryses' daughter"; later writers give her real name as Astynome ().Scholia on the Iliad; Hesychius, Lexicon; Malalas, Chronographia 100; Eustathius of Thessalonica, Commentary on the Iliad 1.123.
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Scholia on Euripides' Orestes, 932 Io's father was called Peiren in the Catalogue of Women,Catalogue of Women. fr. 124 and by Acusilaus,Acusilaus, fr.12 possibly a son of the elder Argus, also known as Peiras, Peiranthus or Peirasus.M.L. West, The Hesiodic Catalogue of Women: Its Nature, Structure, and Origins (Oxford, 1985) 77Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2.1.
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This assessment was picked up by Latin poets, including Ovid and Virgil. Latin versions were made by none other than Cicero (mostly extant),Cicero, de Nat. Deor. ii. 41 Ovid (only two short fragments remain), the member of the imperial Julio-Claudian dynasty Germanicus (extant, with scholia), and the less-famous Avienus (extant). Quintilian was less enthusiastic.
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From other scholia on the same Odyssey passage, and a scholiast on Euripides, we learn that Astyoche was Priam's sister, and that the golden vine was a family heirloom, made by Hephaestus, and given by Zeus to an earlier king of Troy (either Tros or Laomedon) in compensation for Zeus' abduction of his son Ganymede.Hard, p. 472; Gantz, pp.
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Argonautica, Book 2.1052-1057 The surviving birds made a new home on an island of Aretias in the Euxine Sea. The Argonauts later encountered them there. According to Mnaseas,Scholia. ad Apollonius, Argonautica, Book 2.1054 they were not birds, but women and daughters of Stymphalus and Ornis, and were killed by Heracles because they did not receive him hospitably.
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The dense scholia by Scioppius appeared in the mid 17th century and would accompany the Minerva until the 19th century. The notes by Perizonius were written at the request of a publisher from Franeker in the Netherlands. They were included in the 1687 edition and were so successful that the same publisher reprinted it fraudulently in 1693.
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It contains the Epistle to Carpian, Eusebian Canon tables (only 5 leaves), lists of the (lists of contents) are placed before each Gospel, synaxaria, Menologion, pictures, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), ἀναγνώσεις (lessons), and numbers of στίχοι at the end of each Gospel. Some scholia in the margin were added by a later hand.
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In Greek mythology, the name Chloris (; Greek Χλωρίς Khlōris, from χλωρός khlōros, meaning "greenish-yellow", "pale green", "pale", "pallid" or "fresh") was the daughter of a different Amphion (himself son of Iasus, king of Orchomenus)Homer, Odyssey 11.284: "the youngest daughter" \- Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 9.36.8 \- Strabo, Geographica 8.3.19 by "Persephone, daughter of Minyas" .Scholia on Odyssey, 11.
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It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) before each sacred book, lectionary markings at the margin, incipits, Synaxarion, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each book, and Euthalian Apparatus to the Pauline epistles. It has scholia. The order of books: Gospels, Acts, Pauline epistles, and Catholic epistles.
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Hera eventually ceased > from prosecuting her, and Zeus ordered the Cabeiroi to cleanse Angelos. They > performed the purification rite in the waters of the Acherusia Lake in the > Underworld. Consequently, she received the world of the dead as her realm of > influence, and was assigned an epithet katachthonia ("she of the > underworld").Scholia on Theocritus, Idyll 2.
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205 Gebhardt; Sopater Rhetor, vol 8, pp. 383-4 Walz; scholia to Aristophanes (Prolegomena on Comedy and on Birds 1297); Cyrus rhetor, Differentiae statuum vol. 8, p. 1 Walz to denote a witty personal attack made with total freedom against the most notable individuals (see Aristophanes' attacks on Cleon, Socrates, Euripides) in order to expose their wrongful conduct.
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All that has survived of Aristophanes of Byzantium's voluminous writings are a few fragments preserved through quotation in the literary commentaries, or scholia, of later writers, several argumenta to works of Greek drama, and part of a glossary. The most recent edition of the extant fragments was edited by William J. Slater.Aristophanis Byzantii fragmenta, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1986.
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In Greek mythology, Iynx () was an Arkadian Oreiad nymph; a daughter of the god Pan and Echo. She cast a spell on Zeus which caused him to fall in love with Io. In consequence of this, Hera metamorphosed her into the bird called iynx (Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla).Scholia on Theocritus 2. 17, on Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.
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It contains the Eusebian Canon tables with geometric decorations in gold and colour (on folios 9-13), tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, (lessons), numbers of , and synaxaria. The Menologion was added in the 13th century (folios 1-8, 291-296v). The initial letters in colours. Scholia are written in red or purple.
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The Carmen graecum de herbis (Greek poem about herbs) is a treatise written by a Greek anonymous between the 2nd and the 3rd century AD.Maria del Henar Zamora Salamanca, Regarding a Verbal Form in the 'Carmen de Herbis' in Scholia: Studies in Classical Antiquity, Vol. 5, 1996: 91-93,. It consists of 215 lines written in ionic Greek dialect.
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Palazzo Davia Bargellini, Bologna The Telamon (also Song of Telamon, Telamon Song, Telamon-song) is an ancient Greek song (fl. 5th century BCE) only found referred to by name in some ancient Greek plays and later scholia or commentaries. It is usually thought to be a warlike song, or other annotated versions of Lysistrata. about Telamon's son Ajax,.
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Between the hypothetical Peisistratean edition and the Vulgate recension of the Alexandrines is a historical gap. Fick's work indicates a connection, which also is suggested by the peripatetic associations of the Library of Alexandria (below). Moreover, some of the D-scholia redated to the 5th century BCE indicate that some sort of standard Iliad existed then, to be taught in the schools. These broad events are circumstantial evidence only. Nagy says, “As of this writing, Homeric scholarship has not yet succeeded in achieving a definitive edition of either the Iliad or the Odyssey.” He quotes the view given by Villoison, first publisher (1788) of the scholia on Venetus A, that Peisistratus, in the absence of a written copy, had given a reward for verses of Homer, inviting spurious verses.
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He was the author of numerous works, including: a Greek grammar in the form of question and answer, like the Erotemata of Manuel Moschopulus, with an appendix on the so-called "Political verse"; a treatise on syntax; a biography of Aesop and a prose version of the fables; scholia on certain Greek authors; two hexameter poems, one a eulogy of Claudius Ptolemaeus— whose Geography was rediscovered by Planudes, who translated it into Latin— the other an account of the sudden change of an ox into a mouse; a treatise on the method of calculating in use amongst the IndiansKai Brodersen, Christiane Brodersen: Planudes, Rechenbuch, griechisch und deutsch. Berlin 2020 (= Sammlung Tusculum). , superseding the incomplete edition of C. J. Gerhardt, Halle, 1865.; and scholia to the first two books of the Arithmetic of Diophantus.
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The codex contains a complete text of the Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 333 parchment leaves (size ) with a catena. It contains prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, and scholia. Synaxarion and (lessons) were added by a later hand (together 386 leaves). The order of books: Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles.
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Next to nothing is known of poem's overarching plot or structure aside from the fact that it was at least two books in length: Stephanus of Byzantium and the scholia to Apollonius of Rhodes preserve fragments which they assign to "the second book of the Aegimius".Cf. ; these are Merkelbach and West's fragments 296 (Steph. Byz. s.v. "Abantis") and 300 (schol. A.R. 4.816).
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In Massilia, a poor man was feasted for a year and then cast out of the city in order to stop a plague. The scholia refer to the pharmakos being killed, but many scholars reject this and argue that the earliest evidence (the fragments of the iambic satirist Hipponax) show the pharmakos being only stoned, beaten, and driven from the community.
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Thebes, Campanian red-figure Neck-amphora attributed to the Caivano Painter, ca. 340 BC, J. Paul Getty Museum (92.AE.86).J. Paul Getty Museum 92.AE.86. In Greek mythology, Capaneus (, Kapaneús) was a son of Hipponous and either Astynome (daughter of Talaus)Hyginus, Fabulae, 70 or Laodice (daughter of Iphis),Scholia on Euripides, Phoenician Women, 189; on Pindar, Nemean Ode 9.
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From his having devoted much of his attention to the elucidation of Homer's epics through punctuation, Stephanus also calls him "the new Homer", ὁ νέος Ὅμηρος. He wrote also on the punctuation of Callimachus; and a work On punctuation in general (περὶ καθόλου στιγμῆς). He is copiously quoted in the Venetus A scholia on the Homeric Iliad. (Fabricius Bibl. Graec. i.
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556 contains Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Mark, it is written in minuscule letters. The two parts of the manuscript agree in form (two columns, 23 lines per column), in signatures, in the writing of the scholia, and text-type. The marginal notes are written in the same small uncial letters. The nomina sacra are abbreviated in the same way.
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Polydectes was the son of either Magnes and an unnamed Naiad,Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 1. 9. 6 or of Peristhenes and Androthoe,Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 4. 1091 or of Poseidon and Cerebia.Tzetzes on Lycophron, 838 His story is largely a part of the myth of Perseus, and runs as follows according to the BibliothecaPseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 2. 4.
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The DScholia to Iliad 4.376 places the union following Oedipus' discovery that Jocasta was his mother; the marriage took place following Euryganeia's death according to the scholia to Euripides, Phoenissae 53 (citing Pherecydes, FGrHist 3 F 48). Astymedusa accused Polynices and Eteocles of attempting to rape her, thus driving Oedipus into a frenzy.Eustathius on Homer, Iliad 4.376–81 (vol. i, p.
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Polyidus was a descendant of another renowned seer, Melampus. Given that Melampus had two sons, Abas and Mantius, different sources made Coeranus, father of Polyidus, son or grandson of either of the two. Briefly, the two alternate lineages were: # Melampus – Abas – Coeranus – PolyidusPausanias, Description of Greece, 1. 43. 5 # Melampus – Mantius – Cleitus – Coeranus – PolyidusPherecydes in scholia on Homer, Iliad, 13.
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132Pan "even boasted that he had slept with every maenad that ever was—to facilitate that extraordinary feat, he could be multiplied into a whole brotherhood of Pans.") or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (p. 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, one the son of Zeus and twin of Arcas, and one a son of Cronus.
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It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian Tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and pictures. It has a few scholia from Arethas. Together with the codex 2821 it belongs to the same manuscript. Folios 4-294 belong to the codex 60, folios 295-316 – to the codex 2821.
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Scholia to the Magnificat, in the catenae of Canticles, and manuscripts at Paris and Mount Athos establish beyond doubt the fact that Hesychius left a commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke, at least on the first chapter. For evidence as to the authenticity of the "Harmony of the Gospels"P.G., XCIII, 1391-1448. the treatise on the Resurrection must first be examined.
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Phaethon was said to be the son of the Oceanid Clymene and the solar deity Helios.Oxford Dictionaries, "Phaethon"Collins English Dictionary, "Phaethon" Alternatively, less common genealogies make him a son of Clymenus by Oceanid Merope,Hyginus, Fabulae, 154 of Helios and Rhodos (thus a full brother of the Heliadae)Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 6. 131 or of Helios and Prote.Tzetzes, Chiliades, 4.
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It contains subscriptions at the end of each book and numbers of (only in Luke). References to the Eusebian Canons are noted only on one page of the codex. Lectionary markings and (lessons), are given only to Matthew, and they were added by a later hand. It has some scholia on Matthew 5 (folio 11 verso and folio 12 recto).
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9 Iphinoe,Scholia on Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 468 or Phrasmede.Scholia on Plato, The Republic, p. 529 Daedalus had two sons: IcarusBy Naucrate, a female slave of Minos, according to pseudo- Apollodorus, Bibliotheca Epitome of Book IV, 1. 12 and Iapyx,By a certain Cretan woman, who may or may not be the same as Naucrate Strabo, Geography, 6. 3.
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For Considius' earlier career we have some information from Cicero's speech Pro Quinto Ligario ("On behalf of Quintus Ligarius") and the ancient commentary to this, first edited by Jakob Gronovius and so known as the Scholia Gronoviana, but now generally cited from the edition of Thomas Stangl.T. Stangl (1912), Ciceronis Orationum Scholiastae (Vienna and Leipzig: F. Tempsky and G. Freytag).
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There are three main surviving manuscripts. The exegesis which was added to the original text dates from the Talmudic period (2nd–6th centuries) to the Late Middle Ages. The quality of the Scholia as historical sources is often unclear. Some of the explanations are "historically correct", and may reflect that their author used a valuable oral or written source to make his additions.
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They wrote about such works as Scholia and Pindar. Countless works are also included, such as the tragedians of Sophocles and Euripides, Ptolemy's Geography, Nonnus of Panaopolis' Dionysiaca, edits and "rediscoveries" on Plutarch and the Greek Anthology of epigrams. Works assembled by Theodore Metochites at the Monastery of Chora can be found in the libraries of Istanbul, Oxford, the Vatican and even Paris.
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Wolf's edition was bound with an Introduction to the Tetrabiblos, attributed (speculatively) to Porphyry, and the scholia of Demophilus.Robbins (1940) 'Translator's Introduction', III p.xvi. The purpose of the Commentary was to offer demonstrated illustrations and fuller explanation of the astrological principles described by Ptolemy. Following Wolf's edition, large passages were incorporated into Latin astrological works which featured extensive collections of example horoscopes.
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Mazal, Otto. "Der Wiener Dioscurides" vol. 2, p. 89 A note recording the name of one Michael of the Varangian Guard is also found in the text.Mazal, Otto. "Der Wiener Dioscurides" vol. 1, p. 16 The manuscript was restored and a table of contents and extensive scholia added in Byzantine Greek minuscule, by the patriarchal notary John Chortasmenos in 1406.
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The codex contains the text of the Mark 16:2-8; Luke 1:1-53; 1:70-24:53; John 1:1-16:23 on 277 parchment leaves (size ). It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning, tables of the (tables of contents) are placed before Luke and John, and scholia. The biblical text is surrounded by a commentary (catena).
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It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), (lessons), liturgical books with hagiographies (Synaxarion and Menologion), subscriptions at the end of each book (with numbers of ), and many corrections. It has lectionary equipment for the Acts, the Euthalian Apparatus for the Catholic and Pauline epistles, and scholia for the Book of Revelation.
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"Venetus A" and "Venetus B", the oldest texts of Homer's Iliad, with centuries of scholia, may have also been acquired from Aurispa.Labowsky, Bessarion's Library..., p. 8–9Zorzi, Biblioteca Marciana, pp. 18–19 Simultaneously, Bessarion assembled a parallel collection of Latin codices with a relative preponderance of works on patrology, philosophy (primarily the medieval Platonic and Aristotelian traditions), history, mathematics, and literature.
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However, it is considered possible that Södertälje was already established in the 11th century, but dating the city to be contemporary to the Björkö settlement is unlikely. Scholia 121 of IV 20 tells also: > For those who sail from Skåne (Sconia) of the Danes to Birka, the journey > takes five days, from Birka to Russia (Ruzziam) likewise five days at sea. > (Scholia 121) The following definition remains even more mysterious: > In pity of their errors, our archbishop ordained as their diocesan capital > Birka, which is in the middle of Sweden (Sueoniae) facing Jumne (Iumnem), > the capital of the Slavs, and equally distant from all the coasts of the > surrounding sea. (IV 20) Since it is physically impossible for any Swedish town to face Jumne, the latter being situated along River Oder, Adam's statement is probably a misunderstanding.
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The most important are those on the Homeric Iliad, especially those found in the 10th-century manuscripts discovered by Villoison in 1781 in the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice (see further Venetus A, Homeric scholarship), which are based on Aristarchus and his school.J E Sandys, A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (London 1894) p. 65 The scholia on Hesiod, Pindar, Sophocles, Aristophanes and Apollonius Rhodius are also extremely important.
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129; Pipili, fig. 8. Pindar (c. 522 – c. 443 BC) apparently gave Cerberus one hundred heads.Pindar fragment F249a/b SM, from a lost Pindar poem on Heracles in the underworld, according to a scholia on the Iliad, Gantz p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 105, with n. 182. Bacchylides (5th century BC) also mentions Heracles bringing Cerberus up from the underworld, with no further details.Bacchylides, Ode 5.56–62.
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2 in . Pherecydes, on the other hand, attributed two sons (named Phrastor and Laonytus) to the marriage of Jocasta and Oedipus, but agreed that the more famous foursome were the children of Euryganeia.Pherecydes, FGrHist 3 F 48, quoted by the scholia to Euripides, Phoenissae 53. There was a painting of her at Plataea in which she was depicted as mournful because of the strife between her children.
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The total number of notes on manuscripts and printed editions of the Iliad and Odyssey are for practical purposes innumerable. The number of manuscripts of the Iliad is currently (2014) approximately 1800. The papyri of the Odyssey are less in number but are still in the order of dozens. The inventory is incomplete, and new finds continue to be made, but not all these texts contain scholia.
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There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 241, last numbered section in 16:20), without references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers). It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, tables of the (tables of contents) are given before each Gospel, pictures, and scholia in the margin, Menologion, stichoi, and pictures. Hebrew words explained at the beginning.
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Balsamon's Scholia was first published by Gentian Hervet in Latin at Paris (1561), at Basle (1562); in Greek and Latin at Paris (1615), and again at Basle (1620). It is also found in Beveridge's "Pandecta Canonum", Oxford, 1672 (P. G., cxxxvii-viii). From 1852 to 1860, Rhalli and Potli published at Athens a collection of the sources of Greek canon law which contains Balsamon's commentary.
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Latin text available at . Checked 29 July 2007. ; Object of pederastic love : Servius, in his scholia to the passage from Virgil discussed below, says that Achilles lures Troilus to him with a gift of doves. Troilus then dies in the Greek's embrace. Robert GravesGraves, (1955, 162.g). interprets this as evidence of the vigour of Achilles' love- making but Timothy GantzGantz (1993: p.602).
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The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 333 parchment leaves () with lacunae (Acts 2:20-31; 1 Corinthians 12:17-13:2; Hebrews 11:35-13:25). The text is written in one column per page, in 18 lines per page. It contains Prolegomena, with scholia. The Hebrews is placed between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy.
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Arethas' comment on Lucian of Samosata from Harley MS 5694, mentioning the Meditations by Marcus Aurelius. His are the earliest direct references to the work. He is the compiler of a Greek commentary (scholia) on the Apocalypse, for which he made considerable use of the similar work of his predecessor, Andrew of Caesarea. It was first printed in 1535 as an appendix to the works of Oecumenius.
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Some commentators have also equated Lamia with Hecate. The basis of this identification is the variant maternities of scylla, sometimes ascribed to Lamia (as already mentioned), and sometimes to Hecate.Odyssey 12.124 and scholia, noted by Karl Kerenyi, Gods of the Greeks 1951:38 note 71. The identification has also been built (using transitive logic) since each name is identified with empousa in different sources.
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Theseus and Aethra, by Laurent de La Hire (1606-1656)In Greek mythology, Aethra or Aithra (, , , the "bright sky"Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, (1955; 1960) index, s.v. "Aethra".) was a daughter of King Pittheus of Troezen and the mother of Theseus (his father was King Aegeus of Athens, or in some versions, Poseidon) and of Clymene (by Hippalces).Scholia on Iliad, 3. 144; Dictys Cretensis.
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The first printed edition of the Bibliotheca was published in Rome in 1555, edited by Benedetto Egio (Benedictus Aegius) of Spoleto, who divided the text in three books,He based his division on attributions in the scholia minora on Homer to Apollodorus, in three books. (Diller 1935:298 and 308f). but made many unwarranted emendations in the very corrupt text. published an improved text at Heidelberg, 1559.
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5 with scholia Heracles landed on Cos to escape a storm sent upon him by Hera, but the Coans took him for a pirate and attacked him; in a battle that ensued, Eurypylus was killed by Heracles.Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 7. 1 In another version, Heracles planned the attack on Cos because he liked Eurypylus' daughter Chalciope and intended to abduct her.Scholia on Pindar, Nemean Ode 4.
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But Varro was apparently so guilty that Hortensius resorted to dirty tricks which involved marking the ballots of the judges he had bribed, which caused a public scandal.Most of the details survive in the Pseudo-Asconius or Sangallensia scholia on Cicero's Verrine corpus, which is also the source for Appius' involvement (p.193 ed.Stangl): "the young nobleman Appius Claudius" Appius' good relations with Varro's family endured.
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In Greek mythology, Candaon is a rare name of uncertain meaning. In the Alexandra of Lycophron, a long and obscure poem, there is a reference to a human sacrifice conducted with the "three-fathered sword of Candaon".Lycophron, Alexandra l.328 The scholia to Lycophron explain this as a transferred epithet: Candaon is Orion, who was begotten, in a curious manner, by Zeus, Hermes and Poseidon.
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The codex contains the text of the Book of Acts, on 32 parchment leaves (size ) with lacuna after Acts 10:47. The text is written in one column per page, and 15-25 lines per page. It contains lectionary markings at the margin and scholia (since Acts 1:1 to 7:60). The original manuscript contained complete text of the Book of Acts and Catholic epistles.
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51; Yasumura, p. 89; scholia bT to Iliad 8.39. The Etymologicum Magnum instead deems Athena the daughter of the Daktyl Itonos. Fragments attributed by the Christian Eusebius of Caesarea to the semi- legendary Phoenician historian Sanchuniathon, which Eusebius thought had been written before the Trojan war, make Athena instead the daughter of Cronus, a king of Byblos who visited "the inhabitable world" and bequeathed Attica to Athena.
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Pausanias says that "in the Thebaid it is said that Adrastus fled from Thebes: 'Wearing wretched clothes, and with him dark-maned Areion' ".Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.25.8 Latin scholia assert that these verses indicate that Neptune was Arion's sire. But Pausanias goes on to quote Antimachus of Colophon as saying that Arion was a child of the Earth (Gaia):Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.25.
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His principal works include an edition of Pindar, the first volume of which (1811) contains the text of the Epinician odes; a treatise, De Metris Pindari, in three books; and Notae Criticae: the second (1819) contains the Scholia; and part ii. of volume ii. (1821) contains a Latin translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices. It was for a long time the most complete edition of Pindar.
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The codex contains the text of the Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles, and Book of Revelation, on 239 parchment leaves (size ). The texts of Acts 1:1-7:35; 7:53-8:12; 11:20-12:14; 15:11-18; Apocalypse 22:1-fin. The text is written in one column per page, with 25 lines per page. It contains scholia at the margin.
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Cynaethus or Cinaethus ( or Κίναιθος) of Chios was a rhapsode, a member of the Homeridae, sometimes said to have composed the Homeric Hymn to Apollo. The main source of information on Cynaethus is a Scholium to Pindar's second Nemean ode.This is found, with slightly different readings, in the Scholia Vetera in Pindari Carmina (ed. Drachmann), Nemean 2, scholium 1c, and in Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (ed.
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Müller) 4.433, Hippostratus frag. #4. The scholium was picked up without reference to the Hymn in the 'modern commentaries' of Thomas Magister and Demetrius Triclinius, Scholia Recentiora Thomano-Tricliniana in Pindari Nemea et Isthmia (ed. Mommsen) #2. This tells us that the school of Cynaethus was prominent among the Homeridae and put out many of their own compositions under Homer's name, Cynaethus himself composing the Hymn.
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Phineus with the Boreads. In Greek mythology, PhineusThe name is occasionally rendered "Phineas" in popular culture, as in the film Jason and the Argonauts. "Phineus" may be associated with the ancient city of Phinea (or Phineopolis) on the Thracian Bosphorus. (; Ancient Greek: Φινεύς, ) was a king of Salmydessus in ThraceScholia on Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.178, 237; Scholia ad eund 2.177Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.9.
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The first written mention of a bishop at Uppsala is from Adam of Bremen's Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum that records in passing Adalvard the Younger appointed as the bishop for Sictunam et Ubsalam in the 1060s.See Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum , online text in Latin; scholia 94. Swedish sources never mention him either in Sigtuna or Uppsala. The medieval Annales Suecici Medii Aevi.
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It contains scholia to the Acts and Catholic epistles, Andreas's Commentary to the Apocalypse, and Prolegomena to the Pauline epistles. The initial letters are written in red. The Book of Revelation palaeographically had been assigned to the 12th century, and rest part of the codex to the 13th century. According to the colophon, the Book of Revelation was written by a monk named Anthony, dates it to the year 1079.
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As a learned prose-author, Cosmas wrote commentaries, or scholia, on the poems of St. Gregory of Nazianzus. He is regarded with great admiration as a poet. St. Cosmas and St. John of Damascus are considered to be the best representatives of the later Greek classical hymnography, the most characteristic examples of which are the artistic liturgical chants known as "canons". They worked together on developing the Octoechos.
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The Commenta Bernensia, also known as the Bern scholia, are commentaries or marginal notes in a 10th-century manuscript, Cod. 370, preserved in the Burgerbibliothek of Bern, Switzerland. The commentaries relate to classical Latin texts, including Lucan's De Bello Civili, and Vergil's Eclogues and Georgics (see Filargirius). The commentary expands on a reference of Lucan's to the druidic human sacrifice to Teutates (Mercury), Esus (Mars) and Taranis (Jupiter).
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With this weapon he killed his father unknowingly. Telegonus then brought back his father's corpse to Aeaea, together with Penelope and Odysseus' other son Telemachus. After burying Odysseus, Circe made the others immortal. According an alternative version depicted in Lycophron's 3rd-century BCE poem Alexandra (and John Tzetzes' scholia on it), Circe used magical herbs to bring Odysseus back to life after he had been killed by Telegonus.
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He was evidently a man of strong abilities however and managed to gain his freedom and improve his social position. Thus Horace claimed to be the free-born son of a prosperous 'coactor'.V. Kiernan, Horace: Poetics and Politics, 24 The term 'coactor' could denote various roles, such as tax collector, but its use by HoraceSatires 1.6.86 was explained by scholia as a reference to 'coactor argentareus' i.e.
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Homer's wisdom became so widely praised that he began to acquire the image of almost a prototypical philosopher. Byzantine scholars such as Eustathius of Thessalonica and John Tzetzes produced commentaries, extensions and scholia to Homer, especially in the twelfth century. Eustathius's commentary on the Iliad alone is massive, sprawling over nearly 4,000 oversized pages in a twenty- first century printed version and his commentary on the Odyssey an additional nearly 2,000.
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Besides several contributions to the Hachische Allgeneine Welthistorie and the Antideistische Bibel (Erlangen, 1768), to which he contributed a new computation of time from the exodus of the Jews to the time of Solomon, he published Scholia philologica et critica ad selecta S. Codicis loca (Norimb. 1737, 8vo; improved ed. by Wilder, ibid. 1793, 8vo): — Schediasma philologico- geographicum, in quo Jo. Harduini disquisitio de situ Paradisi terrestris examinatur (ibid.
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Gantz, p. 579; Apollodorus, E.3.17; A scholia on Iliad 1.52 (cited by Gantz). According to Dictys Cretensis, 2.3, Telephus is "doggedly pursuing" Odysseus when Achilles wounds him. In Philostratus, On Heroes, 23.24-25, a character says that, according to the dead Trojan War hero Protesilaos (who communicates from beyond the grave), Telephus was wounded by Achilles when Telephus had lost his shield while fighting Protesilaos, and so was "unprotected".
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The A scholia on Iliad 1.59, agrees with Proclus' and Apollodorus' accounts, but attributes the vine-tripping to Dionysus, angry because of unpaid honors, and adds that in addition to leading the Greeks to Troy, Telephus also agreed not to aid the Trojans in the coming war.Gantz, p. 579. Hyginus account seems to be based, in part at least, on one or more of the tragedians lost plays.Gantz, p. 579.
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In Greek mythology, Chrysopeleia (; Greek Χρυσοπέλεια) was a hamadryad nymph. The most prolonged account of her is given in John Tzetzes' scholia on Lycophron, and runs as follows. The tree in which Chrysopeleia dwelt was put in danger by the waters of a flooding river. She was rescued by Arcas, who happened to be hunting in the neighborhood: he rerouted the river and secured the tree with a dam.
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Born in the second half of the 12th century at Constantinople; died there, after 1195 (Petit). He was ordained a deacon, appointed nomophylax, and from 1178 to 1183, under Patriarch Theodosius I, he had charge of all ecclesiastical trials or cases submitted to the Patriarchate. In 1193 he became the Patriarch of Antioch, though he remained resident in Constantinople. Balsamon's best work is his "Scholia" (Greek: Σχόλια) (c.
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In Greek mythology, Mariandynus (Ancient Greek: Μαριανδυνός) was the eponymous hero of the Mariandyni tribe in Northern Anatolia. He was an Aeolian,Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Mariandynia a son of either Cimmerius, or PhrixusScholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 2.723 & 780, or Phineus (and in the latter case, brother of Thynus).Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 2.140 He had several sons, of whom the eldest may have been Titias.
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Ritual attendants called "bailers" (ἀντλήτριαι, antlêtriai) then descended into the pit and retrieved the decayed remains, which were placed on altars, mixed with seeds, then planted.John Fotopoulos, Food Offered to Idols in Roman Corinth: A Social-Rhetorical Reconsideration (Mohr Siebeck, 2003), pp. 74–74 online; Taylor-Perry, The God Who Comes, p. 34. The passage in the Scholia in Lucianum may be found in Rabe's edition, pp. 275–276.
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In Greek mythology, Creon (; Ancient Greek: Κρέων Kreōn means "ruler"Robin Hard. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology (2004) ), son of Lycaethus,Scholia on Euripides, Medea, 20; Hyginus in Fab. 25 erroneously calls him a son of Menoeceus, apparently confounding him with Creon of Thebes. was a king of Corinth and father of Hippotes and Creusa or Glauce, whom Jason would marry if not for the intervention of Medea.
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Before the codex, commentaries about a text were usually recorded on separate scrolls. With the advent of the codex, margins (having been largely stripped of their original function) became extra space which could be used to incorporate commentaries next to the original text. Extra text and images included in the margins of codices are called marginalia. Scholarly commentaries included in margins next to their source text are known as scholia.
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In his works Sophonias has interwoven the statements of Aristotle with the scholia of Michael of Ephesus. Some later manuscripts of the Parva Naturalia commentary ascribe the work to Themistius, but Sophonias' authorship, first proposed by Valentin Rose, may be regarded as certain, and the method of composition does not resemble Themistius' at all.Paul Wendland, "Praefatio," Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, vol. VI, part VI (Berlin 1903), pp. v–x.
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1, 198, Wright, Syriac Literature, 222 Chabot and Baum and Winkler, however, both place him at the end of the eighth century.Chabot, Syriac Language and Literature; Baum and Winkler, Church of the East, 63 Theodore was the author of a book of Scholia (Kṯāḇā d-ʾeskoliyon) on both the Old and New Testaments (edited between 1908 and 1912 by the celebrated scholar Addai Scher), believed to have been written circa 792. The Scholia offer an apologetic presentation in nine chapters, similar to a catechism, of East Syrian Christianity, and contain a valuable overview, in a tenth and eleventh chapter, of heretical doctrines and non- Christian religions such as Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Islam, with which Theodore sharply disagreed.Baum and Winkler, Church of the East, 63 Theodore was also the author of an ecclesiastical history, a treatise against Monophysitism, a treatise against the Arianism, a colloquy between a pagan and a Christian, and a treatise on heresies.
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After having consistently described Birka as an existing city, Scholia 138 of IV 29 describes Birka's sudden demise. Talking about Adalvard the Younger, the bishop of Sigtuna and later that of Skara, Adam or a later copyist has written: > During his journey he seized the opportunity to make a detour to Birka, > which is now reduced to loneliness so that one can hardly find vestiges of > the city; therefore impossible to come upon the tomb of the holy Archbishop > Unni. (Scholia 138) The remark does not make it clear if Adalvard found the city destroyed or if that had happened after his visit and the later remark was just to warn the future pilgrims not to go there anymore in vain. As Adalvard was back in Bremen already by 1069 and is mentioned as one of Adam's sources of information, it would have been expected that word about Birka's destruction had reached also Adam before he published his work half a decade later.
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The codex contains a complete text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 204 leaves (size ) with only one lacuna (Acts 16:39-17:18). The text is written in one column per page, 27 lines per page. It contains the Euthalian Apparatus, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of , Synaxarion, Menologion, and (lessons) at the margin. It has marginal scholia from Chrysostom and Œcumenius.
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The b scholia to Iliad 2.783, preserving a possibly Orphic tradition, has Typhon born in Cilicia, as the offspring of Cronus. Gaia, angry at the destruction of the Giants, slanders Zeus to Hera. So Hera goes to Zeus' father Cronus (whom Zeus had overthrown) and Cronus gives Hera two eggs smeared with his own semen, telling her to bury them, and that from them would be born one who would overthrow Zeus.
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Pausanias 9.5.11; sister of Jocasta: anonymous authors cited by the scholia to Euripides, Phoenissae 53. According to Pausanias, the statement at Odyssey 11.274—that the gods soon made the incestuous marriage between Oedipus and his mother Jocasta known—is incompatible with her bearing four children to him.Pausanias 9.5.10 The geographer cites the Oedipodeia as evidence for the fact that Euryganeia was actually the mother of Oedipus' brood.Pausanias 9.5.11; this is Oedipodeia fr.
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Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 221, showing scholia from Iliad XXI Homeric scholarship is the study of any Homeric topic, especially the two large surviving epics, the Iliad and Odyssey. It is currently part of the academic discipline of classical studies. The subject is one of the oldest in scholarship. For the purpose of the present article, Homeric scholarship is divided into three main phases: antiquity; the 18th and 19th centuries; and the 20th century and later.
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The lexicon copiously draws from scholia to the classics (Homer, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Sophocles, etc.), and for later writers, Polybius, Josephus, the Chronicon Paschale, George Syncellus, George Hamartolus, and so on. The Suda quotes or paraphrases these sources at length. Since many of the originals are lost, The Suda serves an invaluable repository of literary history, and this preservation of the "literary history" is more vital than the lexicographical compilation itself, by some estimation.
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16, 57, 448-449; Hard p. 88. According to Gantz, p. 449, it is possible but unlikely, that this is the incident being referred to in Odyssey 7, noting that the story of the rape of Hera by Eurymedon may be a later invention to explain Homer's remark. while according to scholia to Pindar's Isthmian 6, it was the theft of the cattle of Helios by the Giant Alcyoneus that started the war.
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By then Vatable had already died. The notes in Estienne's Bible are a model of clear, concise literary, and critical exegesis. The Salamanca theologians, with the authorization of the Spanish Inquisition, issued a new thoroughly-revised edition of them in their Latin Bible of 1584. From the edition of 1729 which Jacques Paul Migne republished in his Scripturae sacrae cursus completus (1841), the scholia on the Book of Esdras and Book of Nehemiah.
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The codex contains a complete text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles (Epistle to the Hebrews is placed between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy), on 157 parchment leaves (). It is written in one column per page, in 26 lines per page. It contains Prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, Synaxarion, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of , notes to the Catholic epistles, and scholia.
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Most sources that discuss the origin of the town's name explain it as coming from the Greek adjective , "quick". The early "D" scholia on the Iliad explain this as a reference to an unnamed river flowing past it; the geographical writer Stephanus of Byzantium explains it as a reference to the brief journey from the nearby town Thespiae to Thebes.Schol. D on Iliad 2.501; Stephanus 706 s.v. . Herodian De prosodia catholica iii.
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Scholia attributed to Acron appear in manuscripts of Horace; there are three recensions known, the earliest dating to the 5th century. The fragments which remain of the work on Horace, though much mutilated, are valuable, as containing the remarks of the older commentators, Quintus Terentius Scaurus and others. The attribution to Acron, however, is not found before the 15th century, and is doubtful. Fragments of Acron's writing may also appear in Pomponius Porphyrion.
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30.73 made his severity proverbial.Hor. A. P. 450 It is likely that he, or more probably, another predecessor at Alexandria, Zenodotus, was responsible for the division of the Iliad and Odyssey into twenty-four books each. According to the Suda, Aristarchus wrote 800 treatises () on various topics; these are all lost but for fragments preserved in the various scholia. His works cover such writers as Alcaeus, Anacreon, Pindar, Hesiod, and the tragedians.
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The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text- type, but the textual character of the codex is disputed by scholars since the 19th century. It has full marginalia with marks of the text's division, with liturgical notes and scholia. Only one leaf of the codex had lost. The manuscript was brought to England in 1675 by Philip Traherne, English Chaplain at Smyrna, who made first collation of its text.
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The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with the (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. It contains Prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of , scholia at the margin, and other matter – treatise of Pseudo-Dorotheus about 12 apostles and 72 disciples of Jesus (as codices 93, 177, 459, 613, 617, 699).
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The Suda and various scholia on Plato's Timaeus ascribe to Timaeus of Locri a work entitled Mathēmatiká, of which nothing else is known. This is possibly a false attribution, confusing Timaeus with an astronomer bearing the same name. He is also reported to have authored a biography of Pythagoras, but this may be a confusion with the historian Timaeus of Tauromenium, who devoted part of his history to Pythagoras's life and work.
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Terence's date of birth is disputed; Aelius Donatus, in his incomplete Commentum Terenti, considers the year 185 BC to be the year Terentius was born;Aeli Donati Commentum Terenti, accedunt Eugraphi Commentum et Scholia Bembina, ed. Paul Wessner, 3 Volumes, Leipzig, 1902, 1905, 1908. Fenestella, on the other hand, states that he was born ten years earlier, in 195 BC.G. D' Anna, Sulla vita suetoniana di Terenzio, RIL, 1956, pp. 31-46, 89-90.
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English does not use either of those two words for the name of the ancient office, but prefers scholiarch, a word that is not generally listed in the dictionary, because it is considered an error. If it were a produced word; i.e., a meaning compounded from words of known meaning, then it ought to mean "master of the scholia," a specious etymology sometimes put forward. Scholiarch was not known in classical, vulgar, or mediaeval Latin.
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Volumes 15 are reserved for a number of books of the Iliad each, amounting to some 3000 pages, approximately. The last two volumes are indices. And yet, Dickey says of it. “The seven volumes of Erbse’s edition thus represent only a small fraction of all the preserved scholia …,” from which it can be seen that the opinions, elucidations and emendations to the Iliad and Odyssey in manuscript texts far outweigh those texts in numbers of pages.
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Lycophron, Alexandra > 307-13, translation by A. W. Mair, in edition available from Loeb Classical > Library. A PDF of a Greek manuscript is available at . (Link verified 1 > August 2007.) This passage is explained in the Byzantine writer John Tzetzes' scholia as a reference to Troilus seeking to avoid the unwanted sexual advances of Achilles by taking refuge in his father Apollo's temple. When he refuses to come out, Achilles goes in and kills him on the altar.
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The Suda says he was at first a slave and overseer of a palaestra, but obtained a good education later in life and devoted himself to grammatical studies, probably in AlexandriaSuda ρ 158. He prepared a new recension of the Iliad and Odyssey, characterized by sound judgment and poetical taste. His bold atheteses are frequently mentioned in the scholia. He also wrote epigrams, eleven of which, preserved in the Greek Anthology and Athenaeus, show elegance and vivacity.
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Certain Lutheran denominations such as the Church of Sweden do have individual dioceses similar to Roman Catholics. These dioceses and archdioceses are under the government of a bishop (see Archbishop of Uppsala).Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum , online text in Latin; scholia 94. Other Lutheran bodies and synods that have dioceses and bishops include the Church of Denmark, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, the Evangelical Church in Germany (partially), and the Church of Norway.
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Scholia ad Euripides, Orestes 61.5 In other traditions, again, Lelex is described as a son of Spartus, and as the father of Amyclas.Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Lakedaimon Through Myles, Lelex was the grandfather of Eurotas who had a daughter named SpartaGuide to Greece, 3.1.1-3.. This woman later marry Lacedaemon who named the city of Sparta after his wife; however, the city's name would also be his own, as it was called either Lacedaemon or Sparta interchangeably.
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"Isidore's 'Etymologiae' and the Canterbury Aldhelm Scholia". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 104 (4): 437–455. JSTOR 27712536 Braulio called it quaecunque fere sciri debentur, "practically everything that it is necessary to know"Braulio, Elogium of Isidore appended to Isidore's De viris illustribus He was present at the councils of Toledo in 633, 636, and 638 and he responded on behalf of the Iberian clergy to Pope Honorius I's charge that they were neglectful of their duties.
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The American Journal of Philology 108.3 (Autumn 1987), p. 453. According to the Hellenistic poet Euphorion of Chalcis, Laocoön is in fact punished for procreating upon holy ground sacred to Poseidon; only unlucky timing caused the Trojans to misinterpret his death as punishment for striking the Horse, which they bring into the city with disastrous consequences.Euphorion's poem is lost, but Servius alludes to the lines in his scholia on the Aeneid. The episode furnished the subject of Sophocles' lost tragedy, Laocoön.
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The codex contains the text of the whole New Testaments except Gospels on 331 paper leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page. It contains prolegomena, lists of the (tables of contents) before each book, numbers of the (chapters) at the margin (in Latin), lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical reading), subscriptions to the Pauline epistles, numbers of to the Pauline epistles, and to the Romans-Colossians. It has scholia to the Catholic epistles.
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The text of the Gospel has not additional division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections; no references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains tables of (tables of contents) before each book, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), αναγνοωσεις, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of , and scholia of Chrysostom. It has the Euthalian Apparatus to the Acts, Catholic, and Pauline epistles. It contains the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11), but it was marked with an obelus.
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The extensive glossaries of the D-scholia were intended to bridge the gap between the spoken language and Homeric Greek. The poems themselves contradicted the general belief in the existence and authorship of Homer. There were many variants, which there should not have been according to the single-author conviction. The simplest answer was to decide which of the variants was most likely to represent a presumed authentic original composition and to discount the others as spurious, devised by someone else.
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Exegesis is also represented in the scholia. When the scholiasts turn to interpretation they tend to be most interested in explaining background material, e.g., reporting an obscure myth to which Homer alludes; but there was also a fashion for allegory, especially among the Stoics. The most notable passage is a scholion on Iliad 20.67, which gives an extended allegorical interpretation of the battle of the gods, explaining each god as symbolic of various elements and principles in conflict with one another, e.g.
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Callistratus, Alexandrian grammarian, flourished at the beginning of the 2nd century BC. He was one of the pupils of Aristophanes of Byzantium, who were distinctively called Aristophanei. Callistratus chiefly devoted himself to the elucidation of the Greek poets; a few fragments of his commentaries have been preserved in the various collections of scholia and in Athenaeus. He was also the author of a miscellaneous work called Summikta (), used by the later lexicographers, and of a treatise on courtesans (Athenaeus iii.125b, xiii.591d).
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Priapus was described in varying sources as the son of Aphrodite by Dionysus; as the son of Dionysus and Chione;Scholia on Theocritus, 1. 21 as perhaps the father or son of Hermes;Kerenyi, Gods of the Greeks, 1951, p. 175, noting G. Kaibel, Epigrammata graeca ex lapidibus collecta, 817, where the other god's name, both father and son of Hermes, is obscured; Hyginus (Fabulae 160) makes Hermes the father of Pan. or as the son of Zeus or Pan."Priapus".
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Philip J. Davis interpolated the vertices of the spiral to get a continuous curve. He discusses the history of attempts to determine Theodorus' method in his book Spirals: From Theodorus to Chaos, and makes brief references to the matter in his fictional Thomas Gray series. Spiral of Theodorus That Theaetetus established a more general theory of irrationals, whereby square roots of non- square numbers are irrational, is suggested in the eponymous Platonic dialogue as well as commentary on, and scholia to, the Elements.
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She stripped herself and sat naked, with neither food nor drink, for nine days on the rocks, staring at the sun, Helios, and mourning his departure. After nine days she was transformed into the turnsole, also known as heliotrope (which is known for growing on sunny, rocky hillsides),Scholia on in Ovid Metamorphoses 4.267 which turns its head always to look longingly at Helios' chariot of the sun. The episode is most fully told in Ovid, Metamorphoses iv. 204, 234–56.
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A scholia to Pindar's Pythian 4 reveals that the play contained a catalogue of the Argonauts. Athenaeus 10.428 also records that the play was the first instance in which an individual appeared drunk in a tragedy. Burkert notes that wine vessels are the only characteristic group of finds from the Kabeiroi sanctuary on Lemnos; the emphasis of drunkenness in Athenaeus and wine in the fragments may emphasise the significance of wine in the initiation rituals associated with the Kabeiroi cult.
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The text focuses on the annual observance of dates, and not on historiography. The events are recorded by their order in the annual calendar, and not by their chronological order in history. The observances themselves were only celebrated for a few centuries, but the text was preserved and transmitted in the Jewish literary canon. The Scroll of Fasts includes both a brief record of events, and three versions of Gemara (Scholia) which were added to the original text as addendums.
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Scholia, on Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.309 Although most accounts are uniform as to the number, names, and main myths concerning the Pleiades, the mythological information recorded by a scholiast on Theocritus' Idylls with reference to CallimachusScholia on Theocritus, Idyll 13, 25 has nothing in common with the traditional version. According to it, the Pleiades were daughters of an Amazonian queen; their names were Maia, Coccymo, Glaucia, Protis, Parthenia, Stonychia, and Lampado. They were credited with inventing ritual dances and nighttime festivals.
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Here, he founded the philological/historical journal Hellenomnemon. At the time of his death, he was director of the department of education at Ionian Academy. As a philologist, Mustoxydis edited seven of Isocrates' orations, the scholia of Olympiodorus on Plato, and in collaboration with Demetrios Schinas of Constantinople, he published a five volume edition of Ambrosian Anecdota. In addition, he was author of an Italian translation of Herodotus (1822), and also published a number of papers on the 2nd century author Polyaenus.
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Styled "the great" due to his reputation as a teacher, he was known for his direct use of ancient sources of law and for interpreting jurists such as Ulpian and Papinian. Cyrillus wrote a precise treatise on definitions that supplied the materials for many important scholia appended to the first and second titles of the eleventh book of the Basilica.Collinet 1925, pp. 131–132 Patricius was praised in the third preface of the Justinian Digest (Tanta-Dedoken) as a distinguished professor of the Beirut law school.
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318; Scholia on Pindar Pythian 11.6 (Drachmann, p. 255), which says the spring had the same name as the "heroine" Melia, daughter of Oceanus; Pausanias, 9.10.5. The Thebans traced their descent from the union of Apollo and Melia, through the heroes Tenerus and Ismenus. According to Larson, while their descent from Apollo--a panhellenic Olympian god--increased their prestige, and connected them to other Greeks, their descent from Melia--a nymph associated with the local landscape--helped to establish their connection with the land that they inhabited.
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The history of Christian exegesis may be roughly divided into three periods: the Age of the Fathers, the Age of Catenæ and Scholia (seventh to sixteenth century), and the Age of Modern Commentaries (sixteenth to twentieth century). The earliest known commentary on Christian scriptures was by a Gnostic named Heracleon in . Most of the patristic commentaries are in the form of homilies, or discourses to the faithful, and range over the whole of Scripture. There are two schools of interpretation, that of Alexandria and that of Antioch.
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Oileus's father was given as Hodoedocus (whom Oileus succeeded as King of Locris)Scholia on Iliad, 2. 640 and his mother as Agrianome (daughter of Perseon), according to Hyginus's Fabulae.Hyginus, Fabulae, 14 Oileus is best known as the father of Ajax the Lesser.Homer, Iliad, 2. 527Bibliotheca 3. 10. 8Pausanias, Description of Greece 3. 19. 12–13; 10. 26. 3; 10. 31. 2–3 There is disagreement as to the name of Ajax's mother: Homer names Eriopis as the legal wife of Oileus,Homer, Iliad 13.
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The issue was created due to the explanation that one Demetrius of Lampi (in Phrygia) gave to the phrase of the Gospel of John , which means my Father is bigger than me (John, XIV.29). Michael acted as the Emperor's chief spokesman on this issue. Michael also ordered a review of Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastical and imperial laws and decrees by Theodore Balsamon known as the "Scholia" (Greek: Σχόλια) (c. 1170). Michael's patriarchy was marked by the Emperor Manuel's attempts to forge a union with the Catholic Church.
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He was the son of Poseidon and Tyro, or according to Pausanias he was the son of Cretheus who was son of AeolusPausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 4.2.5. Neleus had a brother called Pelias. With Chloris, Neleus was the father of Pero, Periclymenus, Alastor, Chomius, Asterius, Deimachus, Epilaus, Eurybius, Eurymenes, Evagoras, Phrasius, Pylaon, Taurus and Nestor. Some say that Chloris was mother only of three of Neleus' sons (Nestor, Periclymenus and Chromius), whereas the rest were his children by different women,Aristarchus in scholia on Iliad, 11.
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The codex contains the text of the New Testament except the four Gospels, on 187 parchment leaves (size ), with lacunae at the beginning and end (Acts 1:1-28:19; Hebrews 3:12-13:25). The text is written in one column per page, 26 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (titles) at the top of the pages. It contains subscriptions at the end of each book, with numbers of , and scholia.
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Its first two volumes contain Aristides's text, while the third presents the scholia collected by Reiske. Bruno Keil intended to publish a completely new complete edition, but finished only the second volume (1898; speeches 17—53). He also restored the order of the speeches as it is found in the manuscript T. His work was taken by , who prepared speeches 1 and 5—16, but died in 1969. At last Charles Allison Behr completed this task and published the first volume (1976, 1980; speeches 1—16).
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Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin (, Ammonian Sections, Eusebian Canons). There are some scholia, corrections and other notes usually made later by hand in the margin. Marginalia may also be of relevance because many ancient or medieval writers of these marginalia may have had access to other relevant texts that, although they may have been widely copied at the time, have since then been lost due to wars, prosecution or censorship.
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Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 9, 107 The mortal son Menoetius was king of Opus, and was counted among the Argonauts. His son was Patroclus, Achilles' first cousin once removed through their paternal family connection to Aegina, and his intimate companion. The son made immortal, Aeacus, was the king of Aegina, and was known to have contributed help to Poseidon and Apollo in building the walls of Troy. Through him Aegina was the great-grandmother of Achilles, who was son of Peleus, son of Aeacus.
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The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles, on 306 parchment leaves (size ), with lacuna (Acts 1:1-11). It is written in one columns per page, 23 lines per page. It contains Prolegomena, Euthalian Apparatus, tables of the before each book, numbers of the , at the top, Synaxarion, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of in subscriptions, and scholia. It contains a catena added by a later hand and dated to the 1312.
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The mother of Rhesus, one of the nine muses, then arrived and laid blame on all those responsible: Odysseus, Diomedes, and Athena. She also announced the imminent resurrection of Rhesus, who will become immortal but will be sent to stay in a cave. Scholia to the Iliad episode and the Rhesus agree in giving Rhesus a more heroic stature, incompatible with Homer's version.See Bernard Fenik, Iliad x and the Rhesus: The Myth (Brussels: Latomus) 1964, who makes a case for pre-Homeric epic materials concerning Rhesus.
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He wrote prolifically in three genres: philological questions (γραμματικά); running commentaries (ὑπομνήματα) and treatises (συνταγματικά). Of the last genre, he wrote a polemical monograph criticizing the Homeric interpretations of Krates. Another work he is said to have written was the Περὶ ποσοτήτων (On quantities). From the scholia preserved from the critical works of Aristonicus and Didymus who excerpted Dionysius' work it is clear that he was decidedly independent in his textual judgements on the Homeric corpus, since he frequently contradicts his master's known readings.
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Although Orion has a few lines in both Homeric poems and in the Works and Days, most of the stories about him are recorded in incidental allusions and in fairly obscure later writings. No great poet standardized the legend.Rose, A Handbook, p.116–117 The ancient sources for Orion's legend are mostly notes in the margins of ancient poets (scholia) or compilations by later scholars, the equivalent of modern reference works or encyclopedias; even the legend from Hesiod's Astronomy survives only in one such compilation.
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He wrote a treatise on definitions (υπομνημα των δεφινιτων), in which, according to a statement of his contemporary Patricius, the subject of contracts was treated with great precision, and which supplied the materials for many important scholia appended to the first and second titles of the eleventh book of the Basilica. He is generally styled "the great" to distinguish him from a more modern jurist of the same name, who lived after the reign of Justinian, and who compiled an epitome of the Digest.
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153 Lygdamis had an ambitious building program and in 530 BC he began work on a huge Temple of Apollo which was never completed. The Portara, the lintel of the temple, stands today as one of the chief landmarks of Naxos. In 524 BC Lygdamis' rule over Naxos was ended when he was overthrown by the intervention of a Spartan army.Plutarch, On the Malice of Herodotus 21; Scholia in Aeschines 2.77 Naxos continued to prosper in the years immediately after Lygdamis' rule under a new oligarchy.
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Ptolemaeus Chennus, 147e; Philostratus, Heroicus 696, per Sergent, 1986, p. 163. A scholiast commenting on Apollonius' Argonautica lists the following male lovers of Heracles: "Hylas, Philoctetes, Diomus, Perithoas, and Phrix, after whom a city in Libya was named".Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 1207 Diomus is also mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium as the eponym of the deme Diomeia of the Attic phyle Aegeis: Heracles is said to have fallen in love with Diomus when he was received as guest by Diomus' father Collytus.
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The scholia of Menochio are introduced into the Bibla Magna and the Bibla Maxima of Jean de La Haye; the Bibla Sacra of Lucas Brugensis; the Cursus Script. Sacr. of Migne; fourteen editions of the Sainte Bible of Louis de Carrières, S. J.; and La Sainte Bible of Claude-Joseph Drioux (Paris, 1873). A later critic, Simon, though not at all in sympathy with Menochio's orthodoxy, says "C'est un des plus judicieux scoliates que nous ayons tant sur le Vieux que sur le Nouveau Testament" (Hist. Crit.
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133, with the scholia Classical scholar William Warde Fowler thought it likely the deity or the epithets were merely inventions of the pontifices. According to a 19th-century catalog of Greek and Roman art in the Vatican Palace, there was in that building a statue considered by the museum's curator to be that of Hermes Enagonius, dated to the time of Lysippos, although other critics have variously believed the statue to depict Heracles, Theseus or Meleager. "Agonius" was also the original name of the Quirinal Hill in Rome.
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Scholia were altered by successive copyists and owners of the manuscript, and in some cases, increased to such an extent that there was no longer room for them in the margin, and it became necessary to make them into a separate work. At first, they were taken from one commentary only, subsequently from several. This is indicated by the repetition of the lemma ("headword"), or by the use of such phrases as "or thus", "alternatively", "according to some", to introduce different explanations, or by the explicit quotation of different sources.
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Kirill's texts are characterized by their extreme citationality. Simon Franklin in his most current English translation of the sermons numbers about 370 biblical quotation and allusions. Further textual sources for almost all of Kirill's works are also identified. They are works by early Christian and Byzantine churchmen that would have been available to Kirill in Slavonic translations: John Chrysostom, Epiphanius of Salamis, Ephrem of Syrus, Gregory of Nazianzus, Eusebius of Caesarea, and the scholia of Nicetas of Heraclea, Titus of Bostra, Theophylact of Ohrid, and the chronicler George the monk (George Hamartolus).
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The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 231 parchment leaves (). The text is written in two columns per page, 24 lines per page. It contains numbers of the (chapters) at the margin, the (titles) at the top of the pages, lectionary markings at the margin for liturgical use; liturgical books with hagiographies: Synaxarion and Menologion; subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of , and scholia. The order of books: Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles.
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Iliad 2.594-600. This allusion is taken up in Euripides' Rhesus, in the Library attributed to Apollodorus, and in the Scholia on the Iliad. These later sources add the details that Thamyris had claimed as his prize, if he should win the contest, the privilege of having sex with all the Muses (according to one version) or of marrying one of them; and that after his death he was further punished in Hades. The story legendarily demonstrates that poetic inspiration, a gift of the gods, can be taken away by the gods.
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The Chryseidos Libri IIIIModern edition with German translation and commentary in Reiser 2011, pp. 63–347. consists of approximately 1.600 hexametric verses, divided into four books, to which Furichius added his own glosses and wrote a versatile author's commentary, i. e. appendixed Scholia - which were all printed within the 1631-edition. As Augurelli did one hundred years earlier Furichius depicts the alchemical work in sequences of mythological allegories: the Gods acting as metals, the Greek and Roman myths being euhemeristically interpreted as hidden alchemical instructions and vestiges of antediluvial lore.
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12, 13); Gantz, p. 446. The Apollonius scholia refers to a "Gigantomachia" in which the Titan Cronus (as a horse) sires the centaur Chiron by mating with Philyra (the daughter of two Titans), but the scholiast may be confusing the Titans and Giants.Since Chiron did apparently figure in a lost poem about the Titanomachy, and there is no obvious role for the centaur in a poem about the Gigantomachy, see Gantz, p. 447. Other possible archaic sources include the lyric poets Alcman (mentioned above) and the sixth-century Ibycus.
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Venetus A was created in the tenth century AD.See G. S. Kirk, 1985, "The Iliad: A Commentary," Vol. 1 (Cambridge) 39. All text on the manuscript dates to the same period, including the Iliad text, critical marks, and two sets of scholia in different writing styles. The twelfth century Byzantine scholar and archbishop Eustathius, even if he never saw the manuscript itself, certainly knew texts which were closely related to it; see Origins above (Eustathius cites "Apion and Herodorus" as a source in his own commentary about seventy times).
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The codex contains the text of the Acts, Epistle of James, and First Epistle of Peter on 84 parchment leaves (size ), with lacunae (Acts 1:1-5:29; 6:14-7:11). The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page. It contains double Prolegomena, tables of the before each book, numbers of the at the margin, the at the top of the pages, Lectionary markings at the margin, and subscriptions at the end of each book. Scholia, whose authors' names are given, were added by a later hand.
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88, and T.J. Scheer, Mythische Vorväter: zur Bedeutung griechischer Heroenmythen im Sebstverständnis kleinasiatischer Städte, 1993:164-68, are all noted by Lane Fox 2008:213 note 17. His unerring wisdom and discernment gave rise to the ancient Greek proverb, "more certain than Mopsus". He distinguished himself at the siege of Thebes; but he was held in particular veneration at the court of Amphilochus at Colophon on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor, adjacent to Caria. The 12th century Byzantine mythographer John TzetzesIn his scholia on the poet Lycophron.
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Female attendant carrying piglet and torch, a terracotta figurine from Eleusis The Scholia to LucianNote on the reference to the Thesmophoria in Lucian's Dialogues of the Courtesans 2.1. say that Eubuleus was a swineherd who was feeding his pigs at the opening to the underworld when Persephone was abducted by Hades. His swine were swallowed by the earth along with her. The scholiast presents this narrative element as an aition for the ritual at the Thesmophoria in which piglets are thrown into a sacrificial pit (megara) dedicated to Demeter and Persephone.
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The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 294 parchment leaves (). It is written in one column per page, in 19 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles) at the top of the pages. It contains Prolegomena, tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, subscriptions at the end of each book, with numbers of , scholia, and modern interlinear Latin version in the Epistles.
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The initial letters are written in colour. The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234, the last in 16:9) with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Prolegomena of Cosmas, Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, liturgical books with hagiographies (Synaxarion and Menologion), and scholia at the margin.
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Hostius was a Roman epic poet, who probably flourished in the 2nd century BC. He was the author of a Bellum Histricum in at least seven books, of which only a few fragments remain. The poem is probably intended to celebrate the victory gained in 129 BC by Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus (consul and himself an annalist) over the Illyrian Iapydes (Appian, Illyrica, 10; Livy, epit. 59). Hostius is supposed by some to be the doctus avus alluded to in Propertius (iii.20.8). According to Apuleius (Apologia x) and the scholia on Juvenal (vi.
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His chief work is Erotemata grammaticalia (),See Uncial 0135. in the form of question and answer, based upon an anonymous epitome of grammar, and supplemented by a lexicon of Attic nouns. He was also the author of scholia on the first and second books of the Iliad, on Hesiod, Theocritus, Pindar and other classical and later authors; of riddles, letters, and a treatise on the magic squares. His grammatical treatises formed the foundation of the labors of such promoters of classical studies as Manuel Chrysoloras, Theodorus Gaza, Guarini, and Constantine Lascaris.
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A small bay named Achili on the east coast of the island is said to be the place from where Achilles left with the Greeks, or rather where Achilles landed during a squall that befell the Greek fleet following an abortive initial expedition landing astray in Mysia.See scholia (bT) ad Iliad 9.326 for the latter story and the harbor's name. In 475 BC, according to Thucydides (1.98), Cimon defeated the Dolopians (the original inhabitants) and conquered the entire island. From that date, Athenian settlers colonized it and it became a part of the Athenian Empire.
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The Zakynthians traveled as merchants on brigantine ships supposedly transporting wine and timber. Some sources even claim some of them were dressed as Ottoman Janissaries. A few scholars believe that many of these Zakynthians were former inhabitants of Methoni and Koroni and perhaps were moved to Zakynthos by the Venetians when those cities fell to the Ottoman Turks only 31 years before in 1500. Codex 33 manuscript of ancient authors such as Sophocles's Ajax, Aristophanes's Wealth and a genealogical tree of Aeschylus with scholia by Pachomios Rousanos, c.
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He went to Venice in 1781, and spent three years there examining the library, his expenses being paid by the French government. His chief discovery was a 10th-century manuscript of the Iliad—the famous codex Venetus A, with ancient scholia and marginal notes, indicating supposititious, corrupt or transposed verses. After leaving Venice, he accepted an invitation of the duke of Saxe-Weimar to come to his court. Some of the fruits of his research in the library of the palace were collected into a volume, Epistolae Vinarienses (1783), dedicated to his royal hosts.
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The manuscripts of Persius fall into two groups, one represented by two of the best of them, the other by that of Petrus Pithoeus, so important for the text of Juvenal. Since the publication of J. Bieger's de Persii cod. pith. recte aestimando (Berlin, 1890) the tendency has been to prefer the tradition of the latter. The first important editions were: (1) with explanatory notes: Isaac Casaubon (Paris, 1605, enlarged edition by Johann Friedrich Dübner, Leipzig, 1833); Otto Jahn (with the scholia and valuable prolegomena, Leipzig, 1843); John Conington (with translation; 3rd ed.
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Rutherford devoted special attention to Attic Greek idioms and the language of Aristophanes. His most important work, New Phrynichus (1881), dealing with the Atticisms of Phrynichus Arabius, was supplemented by his Babrius (1883), a specimen of the later Greek language, which was the chief subject of Christian August Lobeck's earlier commentary (1820) on Phrynichus. His edition (1896-1905) of the Aristophanic scholia from the Ravenna manuscript was less successful. Mention may also be made of his Elementary Greek Accidence and Lex Rex, a list of cognate words in Greek, Latin and English.
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In Greek mythology, Angelos () or Angelia (Ἀγγελία) was a daughter of Zeus and Hera who became known as a chthonic deity. Her story only survives in scholia on Theocritus' Idyll 2, and is as follows: > Angelos was raised by nymphs to whose care her father had entrusted her. One > day she stole her mother Hera's anointments and gave them away to Europa. To > escape Hera's wrath, she had to hide first in the house of a woman in labor, > and next among people who were carrying a dead man.
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Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.1126 A city was named Titios after him. Titias' sons were Priolaus, Lycus and Mariandynus;Eustathius on Dionysius Periegetes, 787Scholia on Aeschylus, Persians 917 some authors named Bormus instead of Priolaus, as both were noted for having mourning songs performed in memory of them.Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 2.780 Priolaus was said to have been killed in a battle against the Bebrycians, which the Mariandynians won thanks to the assistance of Heracles, who also won a competition against a local man during the funeral games of Priolaus.
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Theognis () was a member of the Thirty Tyrants of Athens (Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.2; Lysias 12.6). Lysias was able to escape from the house of Damnippus, where Theognis was guarding other aristocrats rounded up by the Thirty. It is possible (but by no means certain), that some ancient sources (scholia to Aristophanes and the SudaSuda On Line) are correct in identifying Theognis the tyrant with the minor tragic poet of the same name, known from Aristophanes' mocking references to the frigidity of his poetry (Acharnians 11 and 138, Thesmophoriazusae 170).
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In Greek mythology, Ornytion (Ancient Greek: Ὀρνύτιων) or Ornytus (Ὄρνυτος)Scholia on Iliad, 2. 517 was a son of Sisyphus, brother of Glaucus, Almus and Thersander, and father of Phocus and Thoas.Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2. 4. 3 A scholiast on Euripides relates of him that he came from Aonia to join the people of Hyampolis in the battle against the Opuntian Locrians over Daphnus and won himself the kingdom, which he handed over to Phocus and returned to Corinth with his other son Thoas, who later succeeded him.
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In Greek mythology, Coön (Ancient Greek: Κόων, gen. Κόωνος), also known as Cynon (Κύνων),Pherecydes in scholia on Iliad 19.53 was the eldest son of Antenor who, like most of his brothers, fought and fell in the Trojan War. In the Iliad, he confronted Agamemnon over the body of his brother Iphidamas and wounded the opponent in the arm, but Agamemnon struck back and chopped Coon's head off.Homer, Iliad 11.249-269; also briefly mentioned in Tzetzes, Homerica 194 The fight between Agamemnon and Coon was depicted on the chest of Cypselus according to Pausanias.
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Laomedon was the father of Priam, Astyoche, Lampus, Hicetaon, Clytius, Cilla, Proclia, Aethilla, Medesicaste, Clytodora, and Hesione.Apollodorus and Hyginus p. 63 Tithonus is also described by most sources as Laomedon's eldest legitimate son, and most sources omit Ganymede from the list of Laomedon's children, but indicate him as his uncle instead. Laomedon's possible wives are Placia, Strymo (or Rhoeo), and Leucippe; by the former he begot Tithonus and by the latter King Priam (see John Tzetzes' Scholia in Lycophronem 18 : "Priamus was the son of Leucippe, whereas Tithonus was the son of Rhoeo or Strymo, the daughter of Scamander").
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Aristotle in his lost work The State of the Ithacians cited a myth according to which Cephalus was instructed by an oracle to mate with the first female being he should encounter if he wanted to have offspring; Cephalus mated with a she-bear, who then transformed into a human woman and bore him a son, Arcesius.Aristotle in Etymologicum Magnum 130. 21, under Arkeisios. Hyginus makes Arcesius a son of Cephalus and Procris,Hyginus, Fabulae, 189 while Eustathius and the exegetical scholia to the Iliad report a version according to which Arcesius was a grandson of Cephalus through Cillus or Celeus.sch.
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His writings have not survived, but a single line of his translation has been preserved in scholia: "crudum manduces Priamum Priamique pisinnos", which was Labeo's translation of the words - ὠμòν ßεßρώΘοις Πρίαμον Πριάμοιó τε παîδας (Iliad, iv, 35).Kirk Freudenburg, Satires of Rome: Threatening Poses from Lucilius to Juvenal, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001, p.154. On the basis of this surviving line, it has been suggested that the translation was considered to be vulgar, since the words 'manduces' and 'pisinnos' would have "undoubtedly struck Romans as exotically 'low'".Kirk Freudenburg, The Cambridge companion to Roman satire, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p.137.
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Each of Hellen's sons founded a primary tribe of Greece: Aeolus the Aeolians, Dorus the Dorians and Xuthus the Achaeans (from Xuthus's son Achaeus) and Ionians (from Xuthus's adopted son Ion, in truth a son of the god Apollo), aside from his sister Pandora's sons with Zeus. In the account of Hellanicus, Xenopatra was additionally counted as one of the children of Hellen and Orseis and thus, technically the sister of Dorus.Hellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium, 208 (p. 376) According to Clement, he was the son of Protogenia and Zeus and thus brother of Aethlius.
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419, 445, 447. Pindar knew of the larger battle between the gods and Giants which he also located "on the plain of Phlegra", Nemean 1.67-69; 7.90; Pythian 8.12-18. Scholia to Pindar tell us that Alcyoneus lived on the isthmus of Thrace and that he had stolen his cattle from Helios, causing the Gigantomachy, (Schol. Pindar Isthmian 6.47) and that Alcyoneus, one of the Giants, attacked Heracles, not in Thrace but at the Isthmus of Corinth, while the hero was returning with the cattle of Geryon, and that this was according to Zeus' plan because the Giants were his enemies (Schol.
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Venetus A is the more common name for the tenth century AD manuscript catalogued in the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice as Codex Marcianus Graecus 454, now 822. Venetus A is the most famous manuscript of the Homeric Iliad; it is regarded by some as the best text of the epic. As well as the text of the Iliad, Venetus A preserves several layers of annotations, glosses, and commentaries known as the "A scholia", and a summary of the early Greek Epic Cycle which is by far the most important source of information on those lost poems.
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He procured Hebrew editions for scholarly use (published by Robert Estienne, or in English Robert Stephens). To the edition of the Minor Prophets he added the commentary of the famous Jewish Rabbi David Kimhi. From the lecture notes taken by Vatable's pupils, Robert Estienne also drew material for the scholia which he added to his edition of the Latin Bible in two columns, juxtaposing the new Latin translation of the Zurich Bible by Leo Jud to the standard Latin text of the Vulgate. Afterwards the Sorbonne doctors sharply inveighed against the Lutheran tendencies of some of the notes in Estienne's Bible.
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1170), a commentary on the Nomocanon of Photios, the standard work on Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastical and imperial laws and decrees, commissioned by the Emperor Manuel I and the Patriarch Michael III.J.M. Hussey, the Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire (Oxford, 1986), p. 307. In his "Scholia", Balsamon insists on existing laws, and dwells on the relation between canons and laws — ecclesiastical and civil constitutions — giving precedence to the former. Balsamon also compiled a collection of ecclesiastical constitutions (Syntagma) and wrote other works, many of which concern the ongoing debate between the Eastern and Western Churches following the schism of 1054.
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Tales tell of a fox, badger and wolf who worked with Ciarán and his monks to cut wood and build huts for the brothers. One day the fox stole Ciarán's shoes; upon which Ciarán ordered the badger to retrieve them. The badger found the fox, and bound him from head to tail, returning him to his master; the saint ordered the fox to repent for his sin as a monk would, and to return to his tasks as before. Scholia in the Martyrology of Oengus states that he foretold of the sanctity of Conall and Fachtna of Rosscarbery.
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The interpretation of this phrase by James Ussher and others as meaning Son of Mongach was rejected by Mervyn Archdall. The description of Saint Fachtna in Cuimin of Connor's poem on the characteristic virtues of the Irish saints is: :Fachtna, the generous and steadfast, loved :To instruct the crowds in concert, :He never spoke that which was mean, :Nor aught but what was pleasing to his Lord. Mention is made of Fachtna and Conall of Ros Ailithir within the scholia of the Félire Óengusso in connection with Ciarán of Saigir the Elder who was born and raised on Cape Clear Island.
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Homer, Iliad 7.136-150 According to scholia on the Argonautica, Ereuthalion was also vanquished by Lycurgus, who laid an ambush against him and overcame him in the ensuing battle. The Arcadians celebrated a feast known as Moleia in commemoration of this mythical event (mōlos being a word for "battle" according to the scholiast), and paid general honors to Lycurgus. Lycurgus outlived his sons and reached an extreme old age for Epochus fell ill and died while Ancaeus was wounded by the Calydonian boar. On his death, he was succeeded by Echemus, son of Aeropus, son of his brother Cepheus.
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The literary effort most commonly attributed to Óengus is the Old Irish work known as Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus"), which is the earliest metrical martyrology — a register of saints and their feast days – to have been written in the vernacular. The work survives in at least ten manuscripts, the earliest being Leabhar Breac of the early 15th century. The martyrology proper consists of 365 quatrains, one for each day of the year, and is framed between a lengthy prologue and epilogue. Later scribes added a prose preface, including material on Óengus, and accompanied the text with abundant glosses and scholia.
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It is assumed, based on the evidence provided by a catalogue of Aeschylean play titles, scholia, and play fragments recorded by later authors, that three other of his extant plays were components of connected trilogies: Seven Against Thebes was the final play in an Oedipus trilogy, and The Suppliants and Prometheus Bound were each the first play in a Danaid trilogy and Prometheus trilogy, respectively. Scholars have also suggested several completely lost trilogies, based on known play titles. A number of these treated myths about the Trojan War. One, collectively called the Achilleis, comprised Myrmidons, Nereids and Phrygians (alternately, The Ransoming of Hector).
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The exegetical commentary, although confessedly only a compilation from the works of earlier commentators, shows great taste and extensive learning, although hardly up to the exacting standard of modern criticism. #Inscriptionum Latinarum Selectarum Collectio (1828; revised edition by Wilhelm Henzen, 1856), extremely helpful for the study of Roman public and private life and religion. His editions of Plato (1839–1841, including the old scholia, in collaboration with A. W. Winckelmann) and Tacitus (1846–1848) also deserve mention. He was a most liberal-minded man, both in politics and religion, an enthusiastic supporter of popular education and a most inspiring teacher.
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Heracles came upon these pirates as they were taking their meal on a certain strand, and learning from the maidens what had taken place he slew the pirates to a man and brought the girls back to Atlas. In return, the father was so grateful to Heracles for his kindly deed that he not only gladly gave him such assistance as his Labour called for, but he also instructed him quite freely in the knowledge of astrology.Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica 4.27.1-3. A scholia also added that after this events, the Pleiades were then persecuted by Orion.
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Plautus wrote around 130 plays, of which 20 have survived intact, making him the most prolific ancient dramatist in terms of surviving work. Only short fragments, mostly quotations by later writers of antiquity, survive from 31 other plays. Despite this, the manuscript tradition of Plautus is poorer than that of any other ancient dramatist, something not helped by the failure of scholia on Plautus to survive. The chief manuscript of Plautus is a palimpsest, known as the Ambrosian palimpsest (A), in which Plautus' plays had been scrubbed out to make way for Augustine's Commentary on the Psalms.
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From this sign later developed the sign for rough breathing or spiritus asper, which brought back the marking of the /h/ sound into the standardized post-classical (polytonic) orthography.Nick Nicholas (2003), "Greek /h/" Dionysius Thrax in the second century BC records that the letter name was still pronounced heta (ἥτα), correctly explaining this irregularity by stating "in the old days the letter Η served to stand for the rough breathing, as it still does with the Romans." Alfredus Hilgard (ed), "In artis Dionysianae §6" in Grammatici Graeci. Scholia in Dionysii Thracis Artem Grammaticam (1901), p. 486.
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The textual evidence for the earthquake is uneven, and the compilers of the Scholia to Megillat Taanit may have misunderstood the true nature of the 17th Adar events. If the earthquake affected the Holy Land, it is unclear why the Jews would consider the event a "joyous day". It would be more likely seen as a day of mourning and fasting. If the earthquake instead affected a distant region of Syria and did not harm the "oppressed Jewish communities" of Syria, it would be more likely to be seen as a divine event by the Jews.
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Some scholia identified Tigellius with Tigellius Hermogenes mentioned in other parts of the Satires. Such identification was rejected by André Dacier, in his edition of the works of Horace, but few scholars agreed with him until Karl Kirchner presented a detailed argument for the interpretation of Dacier.De utroque Tigellio in Karl Kirchner, Questiones horatianae, Leipzig, 1834 According to Berthold Ullman however, the version of the scholiasts can not be excluded nor Kirchner's arguments are irrefutable. The Tigellius mentioned in some verses of Satires is in fact the same mentioned by Cicero in some of his letters.
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From 1493, Musurus was associated with the famous printer Aldus Manutius and belonged to the Neacademia (Aldine Academy of Hellenists), a society founded by Manutius and other learned men for the promotion of Greek studies. Many of the Aldine classics were published under Musurus' supervision, and he is credited with the first editions of the scholia of Aristophanes (1498), Athenaeus (1514), Hesychius of Alexandria (1514) and Pausanias (1516). Musuros' handwriting reportedly formed the model of Aldus' Greek type. Among his original compositions Musurus wrote a dedicatory epigram for Zacharias Kallierges' edition of the Etymologicum Magnum,Z.
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A slave, a cripple, or a criminal was chosen and expelled from the community at times of disaster (famine, invasion or plague) or at times of calendrical crisis. It was believed that this would bring about purification. On the first day of the Thargelia, a festival of Apollo at Athens, two men, the Pharmakoi, were led out as if to be sacrificed as an expiation. Some scholia state that pharmakoi were actually sacrificed (thrown from a cliff or burned), but many modern scholars reject this, arguing that the earliest source for the pharmakos (the iambic satirist Hipponax) shows the pharmakoi being beaten and stoned, but not executed.
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The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 174 parchment leaves (). It begins at Acts 14:27 and ends at 2 Timothy with some lacunae (1 Thess 5:17-28; 2 Thess 1:12-3:4; 1 Timothy 1:1-24; 2:15-3:3; 2 Timothy 2:21-4:22; Tit 2:15-3:15). It is written in one column per page, 27-28 lines per page. It contains prolegomena, lists of the (lists of contents) before each sacred books, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers to the Pauline epistles, and some scholia.
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It does not contain the (titles of chapters). The text of the Gospels has no additional division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), (lessons) are marked at the beginning and end, Synaxarion (table of lessons beginning at Easter) on folios 213-217v, Menologion (table of lessons beginning at 1 September) on folios 218-222v, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of , and scholia. Lacuna in Hebrews 12:17-13:25 was supplied by a later hand on paper.
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The Cabeiri were possibly originally PhrygianAccording to scholia on Apollonius' Argonautica I. "The Phrygian origin of the Kabeiric cult asserted by Stesimbrotos of Thasos and recently defended by O. Kern cannot, therefore, be rejected a priori", wrote Giuliano Bonfante, "A Note on the Samothracian Language" Hesperia 24.2 (April 1955, pp. 101-109) p. 108; Bonfante agrees with Jacob Wackernagel that Κάβειροι cannot be Greek; Wackernagel suggested Thracian or Phrygian, in his opinion two closely related peoples. deities and protectors of sailors, who were imported into Greek ritual."The secret of the mysteries is rendered more enigmatic by the addition of a non-Greek, pre-Greek element" (Burkert 1985:281).
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Nicanor (; Nīkā́nōr) of Cyrene was an ancient scholar who lived in the Hellenistic period. No works of his survive, but he is mentioned as the author of a work called Changes of names (μετονομασίας). In the mention of him by Stephanus of Byzantium, older texts of Stephanus appear to give Nicanor the surname "Leandrios"; more recent editions correct the text to saying that Nicanor is quoting from another author named "Maiandrios". Nicanor is quoted as having discussed the variation between the names Sardeis and Hydē (Stephanus); Melikertēs and Glaukos (Athenaeus); and the founding of the city of Thebes in Egypt (scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes).
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Like Zenodotus, Aristarchus did not delete passages that he rejected, but (fortunately for us) preserved them with an annotation indicating his rejection. He developed Zenodotus' already sophisticated system of critical symbols to indicate specific kinds of issues with particular lines, and a significant proportion of the terminology is still in use today (obelus, athetising, etc.). From the scholia a great deal is known about his guiding principles, and those of other editors and commentators such as Zenodotus and Aristophanes of Byzantium. The chief preoccupations of the Alexandrian scholars may be summarised as follows: # Consistency of content: the reasoning is that internal inconsistencies imply that the text has been ineptly changed.
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He translated—or revised earlier translations of—Categories, On Interpretation and the first two books of the Prior Analytics and wrote original introductions to each. He completed the seventh and final book of Jacob of Edessa's encyclopaedic Hexaemeron, a treatise on the six days of Creation, after Jacob's death in 708. He also wrote a commentary on the West Syriac liturgy for baptism and communion, and scholia (explanatory notes) to the orations of Gregory of Nazianzus. Among the poems attributed to him are a sermon on the life of Severus of Antioch and treatises on the monastic life, Palm Sunday, the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste and funeral services for bishops.
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552; Armstrong, p. 12, with n. 39. Although Atreides, the standard Homeric epithet for Agamemnon or Menelaus, normally understood to mean "son of Atreus", can simply mean "descendant of Atreus", in some places Homer specifically refers to Agamemnon or Menelaus as a son of Atreus ("Ἀτρέος υἱέ") e.g. Iliad 11.131, Odyssey 4.462, see also Iliad 2.104 ff., and while Aerope is not mentioned in the Iliad or Odyssey, we hear from Iliad scholia that Homer (presumably somewhere in the Epic Cycle) names Aerope as their mother, see scholium on Homer's Iliad 1.7 and scholium on Tzetzes' commentary on Homer's Iliad (Most, pp. 204-205).
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His comment on Isaiah, xix, 1, "the Lord will ascend upon a swift cloud, and will enter into Egypt" is "Christ in the arms of the Virgin". Water represents always to him "the mystical water" (of baptism), and bread, "the mystical table" (of the Eucharist). It is this hyper-allegorical and glossarial method which constitutes the peculiar characteristic of his exegesis, and proves a valuable help to the literary critic in distinguishing authentic Hesychiana from the unauthentic. The anti-Semitic tone of many scholia may find an explanation in local conditions; likewise geographical and topographical allusions to the holy places of Palestine would be expected of an exegete living at Jerusalem.
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Strabo reports that, according to the Greek grammarian Demetrius of Scepsis, Amyntor's father Ormenus was the eponymous founder of the city of Ormenium (which Strabo identifies with a village called Orminium which he located at the foot of Mount Pelion, near the Pegasitic Gulf). According to this account Ormenus was the son of Cercaphus, the son of Aeolus, and Ormenus had two sons Amnytor and Euaemon, and that Amyntor had a son Phoenix, and Eumaemon had a son Eurypylus who succeeded to the throne, because Phoenix had fled to Peleus in Phthia.Strabo, 9.5.18. Scholia name Phoenix's mother either Cleobule or Hippodameia, and the concubine as either Clytia or Phthia.
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Styled "the great" due to his reputation as a teacher, he was known for his direct use of ancient sources of law and for interpreting jurists such as Ulpian and Papinian. Cyrillus wrote a precise treatise on definitions that supplied the materials for many important scholia appended to the first and second titles of the eleventh book of the Basilica.Collinet 1925, pp. 131–132 Patricius was praised in the third preface of the Justinian Digest (Constitutio Tanta) as a distinguished professor of the Beirut law school. Archaeological excavations done in Beirut at the turn of the 20th century revealed a funerary monument believed to have belonged to Patricius.
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Mnaseas of Patrae () or of Patara, whether that in Lycia or perhaps the Patara in Cappadocia was a Greek historian of the late 3rd century BCE, who is reckoned to have been a pupil in Alexandria of Eratosthenes. His Periegesis or Periplus described Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, but whether in six or eight books cannot now be determined. His On Oracles appears to have consisted of a catalogue of oracular responses with commentary. Only fragments of his work survive, some found in fragmentary papyri at Oxyrhynchus, others embedded as scholia or as quotations in other works, often selected, apparently, because of the unusual interpretations they offer.
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However, as noted above, there are several different manuscript traditions, including one that gives "demoirgon", which has been taken by most critical editors to indicate some form of misconstruction of the Greek dēmiourgon. Jahnke thus restores the text to read "He is speaking of the Demiurge, whose name it is not permitted to know". However, this phantom word in one of the manuscript traditions took on a life of its own among later scholars. In the Early Middle Ages, Demogorgon is mentioned in the tenth-century Adnotationes super Lucanum, a series of short notes to Lucan's Pharsalia that are included in the Commenta Bernensia, the "Berne Scholia on Lucan".
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"The Berne Scholia"; Adnotationes super Lucanum, vi.746, are mentioned in Daniel Ogden's Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 198. By the late Middle Ages, the reality of a primordial "Demogorgon" was so well fixed in the European imagination that "Demogorgon's son Pan" became a bizarre variant reading for "Hermes' son Pan" in one manuscript tradition of Boccaccio's Genealogia Deorum gentilium ("Genealogies of the Gods":1.3–4 and 2.1), misreading a line in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Boccaccio's Demogorgon is mentioned as a "primal" god in quite a few Renaissance texts, and impressively glossed "Demon-Gorgon," i.e.
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In the Byzantine era, Aristotle was read more often than Plato, because of the importance placed on Aristotle's logical treatises.Kennedy (1999), page 190 A key figure was Arethas, the 10th century Archbishop of Caesarea, who concerned himself with the preservation of the manuscripts of Plato and other ancient writers, and wrote scholia to the texts of Plato in his own hand.Dickey 2007, page 46 By the 11th century enthusiastic admirers of Platonism could be found in figures such as Michael Psellos and John Italus.Angelov (2007), pages 344-5 The only surviving commentary from the late empire is a commentary on the Parmenides by George Pachymeres.
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There are some marginal notes in uncial letters were made. It contains scholia at the margin in small uncial script. According to Tischendorf scholion to the Gospel of Matthew cites the Gospel of the Hebrews: : Matthew 4:5 το ιουδαικον ουκ εχει εις την αγιαν πολιν αλλ εν ιλημ : Matthew 16:17 Βαριωνα το ιουδαικον υιε ιωαννου : Matthew 18:22 το ιουδαικον εξης εχει μετα το εβδομηκοντακις επτα και γαρ εν τοις προφηταις μετα το χρισθηναι αυτους εν πνι αγιω ευρισκετω εν αυτοις λογος αμαρτιας : Matthew 26:47 το ιουδαικου και ηρνησατο και ωμοσεν και κατηρασατο. Phrase "το ιουδαικου" probably means Gospel of the Hebrews.
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As such, the Megala Erga would appear to have the same relation to the Works and Days as does the Megalai Ehoiai to the Catalogue of Women., . Although the remains of the poem found in other ancient authors are meager, it can be said that the Megala Erga appears to have been concerned with both morality and the conveyance of more-or-less practical information like the extant Hesiodic poem upon which its title drew. The scholia to the Myth of the Ages in the Works and Days, à propos of the Race of Silver (WD 128), reports that in the Megala Erga a genealogy for silver was given: it was a descendant of Gaia.
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Cruquius published several separate volumes of this work from 1565 to 1578—the first with Hubertus Goltzius then all the remainder with Christopher Plantin—and then one complete edition in 1578, and ultimately a standalone edition of Commentator Cruquianus's scholia. After Cruque's death, the editions were reprinted in 1597 with a small collection of notes from Janus Dousa the Elder. Modern scholars have a somewhat dubious opinion of the merit of these works, but these editions were quite successful in their time. And even today virtually all rare book collections in Western Europe will hold at least one copy of one of Cruque's editions, either in an original printing or one of the expanded versions from 1597.
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Zenodotus is known to have applied this principle rigidly, Aristarchus less so; it is in tension with the principle of "consistency of style" above. # Quality: Homer was regarded as the greatest of poets, so anything perceived to be poor poetry was rejected. # Logic: something that makes no sense (such as Achilleus nodding at his comrades as he goes running after Hektor) was not regarded as the product of the original artist. # Morality: Plato's insistence that a poet should be moral was taken to heart by Alexandrian scholars, and scholia accuse many passages and phrases of being "unsuitable" ( ou prepon); the real Homer, goes the reasoning, being a paragon of perfection, would never have written anything immoral himself.
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His review of Villoison's edition of the scholia acknowledged that they proved conclusively the oral transmission of the poems. In 1795, he published his Prolegomena ad Homerum, in which he argued that the poems were composed in the mid-10th century BCE; that they were transmitted orally; that they changed considerably after that time in the hands of bards performing them orally and editors adapting written versions to contemporary tastes; and that the poems' apparent artistic unity came about after their transcription. Wolf posed the perplexing question of what it would mean to restore the poems to their original, pristine, form. In the wake of Wolf, two schools of thought coalesced to oppose one another: Analysts and Unitarians.
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Amsterdam: A. M. Hakkert. This Apollodorus has been mistakenly identified with Apollodorus of Athens (born c. 180 BC), a student of Aristarchus of Samothrace, mainly as it is known—from references in the minor scholia on Homer—that Apollodorus of Athens did leave a similar comprehensive repertory on mythology, in the form of a verse chronicle. The text which did survive to the present, however, cites a Roman author: Castor the Annalist, a contemporary of Cicero in the 1st century BC. The mistaken attribution was made by scholars following Photius' mention of the name, though Photius did not name him as the Athenian and the name was in common use at the time.
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The manuscript is dated by the INTF to the 12th or 14th century.Handschriftenliste at the Münster Institute Some parts of the manuscript were written in different time by different scribes. The leaves 1-103 with text of Acts-Jude 24 were written in the 12th century; the leaves 104-191 with the text of Jude 24 - Colossians were written in the 13th century; the leaves 192-228 with the text 1 Thessalonians-Philemon were written in the 12th century; the leaves 229-254 with the text of the Apocalypse and scholia were written in the 14th century. The leaf with the text of the Acts 1:1-13 was written in the 16th century.
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A page from the oldest (1348) copy Chernorizets Hrabar is (as far as is known) the author of only one literary work, "On the Letters" (, O pismenĭhŭ, ), one of the most admired and popular works of literature written in Old Church Slavonic. The work was supposedly written sometime after the Preslav Ecclesiastical People's Council in 893, but before 921,William Veder (1996), Textual Incompatibility and Many- Pronged Stemmata. and is the only known medieval literary work to quote the exact year of the invention of the Glagolitic alphabet (855). The work was partly based on Greek scholia and grammar treatises and expounded on the origin of the Glagolitic alphabet and Slavic Bible translation.
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Many of these trivial errors occurred in the Byzantine period, following a change in script (from uncial to minuscule), and many were "homophonic" errorsequivalent, in English, to substituting "right" for "write"; except that there were more opportunities for Byzantine scribes to make these errors, because η, ι, οι and ει, were pronounced similarly in the Byzantine period. Around 200 AD, ten of the plays of Euripides began to be circulated in a select edition, possibly for use in schools, with some commentaries or scholia recorded in the margins. Similar editions had appeared for Aeschylus and Sophoclesthe only plays of theirs that survive today.Denys L. Page, Euripides: Medea, Oxford University Press (1976), Introduction p.
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The only other office he is attested as holding is procurator of Lycia et Pamphylia: he is mentioned in an inscription recovered from Balbura that also mentions the contemporary governor, Lucius Luscius Ocrea, allowing us to date his appointment around the years 75-78.IGR 3.466 An inscription found at Syene, modern-day Aswan which mentions Planta and a number of other equestrian officers stationed in Egypt, such as praefectus castrorum Lucius Genucius Priscus. = ILS 8907 Scholia to Juvenal mentions a history Planta wrote about the Year of Four Emperors, which otherwise is unknown. He is also mentioned a few times in the collected letters of Pliny the Younger, but not in a manner to suggest they were friends.
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Psyche, a mythological poem in Hendecasyllable style was not well received at the time. It was inspired Psyche and Cupid included in The Golden Ass a novel of Apuleius. His fifth book was published by Mario Gasparini at the Trilingual University College of Salamanca in 1947. He also composed eclogues Narciso and Laurea, Annotations to the syntax of Erasmus, a philosophical dissertation Pilgrimage of life, as well as Principles of Grammar, guidance Notes on Emblems of Andrea Alciato, the Scholia of Rhetoric on the introductions of Aphthonius of Antioch, Chronicle of the Holy Apostles, a poem in octaves The Death of Orpheus and a Latin poem The Martyrdom of Saints Justa and Rufina, patron of Seville .
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Ernst Maass (12 April 1856, in Kolberg - 11 November 1929, in Marburg) was a German classical philologist. Scholia Graeca in Homeri Iliadem Townleyana, 1887 From 1875 he studied at the universities of Tübingen and Greifswald, receiving his doctorate in 1879 as a student of Ulrich von Wilamowitz- Moellendorff. After graduation, he took an extended study trip to Italy, Paris and London (1880–82),Maaß, Ernst Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon and afterwards qualified as a lecturer in Berlin with the habilitation-thesis Analecta Eratosthenica. In 1886, he was named a professor at the University of Greifswald, and from 1895 to 1924, served as a professor and director of the philological seminary at the University of Marburg.
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Archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen that oversaw the missionary work in Scandinavia until 1103, had appointed bishops to Sweden at least from 1014 onwards, the first see being in Skara. Several bishops were appointed for Sweden in 1060s, one also for Birka. > For Sweden, six were consecrated: Adalvard the Elder (Adalwardum) and > Acilinum, also Adalvard the Younger (Adalwardum) and Tadicum, and > furthermore Simeon (Symeonem) and the monk John (Iohannem). (III 70) Scholia 94 appends this as follows: > Adalvard the Elder (Adalwardus senior) was to superintend both lands of the > Geats (uterque praefectus est Gothiae), Adalvard the Younger Sigtuna > (Sictunam) and Uppsala (Ubsalam), Simeon (Symon) the Sami people > (Scritefingos), John (Iohannes) the islands of the Baltic Sea.
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This papyrus was unique at the time of its discovery in being datable by both physical evidence and textual evidence. Thus Grenfell and Hunt state that "we have here for the first time an almost contemporary specimen of a first century commentary on the Iliad." The point, then, is that the quotations from Homer in the text must accurately reflect the state of available manuscripts of the Iliad in the first century, unlike previously known collections of scholia, whose manuscripts were copied many centuries after the texts were written, which makes it impossible to know whether the Homeric quotations were corrupt. Furthermore, the papyrus contains a number of previously unknown quotations from ancient Greek authors, including Hesiod, Pindar, Alcaeus, Sophocles, and Aristotle.
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"A dangerously pagan work," the Metamorphoses was preserved through the Roman period of Christianization, but was criticized by the voices of Augustine and Jerome, who believed the only metamorphosis really was the transubstantiation. Though the Metamorphoses did not suffer the ignominious fate of the Medea, no ancient scholia on the poem survive (although they did exist in antiquity), and the earliest manuscript is very late, dating from the 11th century. The poem retained its popularity throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and is represented by an extremely high number of surviving manuscripts (more than 400);Tarrant, R. J., P. Ouidi Nasonis Metamorphoses. Oxford. vi the earliest of these are three fragmentary copies containing portions of Books 1–3, dating to the 9th century.
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The mythographers Pseudo-Apollodorus and Hyginus leave open the question which of the two was her father, with Pseudo-Apollodorus adding a third alternative option: Hecuba's parents could as well be the river god Sangarius and Metope.Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 3. 12. 5Hyginus, Fabulae, 91, 111, 249 Some versions from non-extant works are summarized by a scholiast on Euripides' Hecuba:Scholia on Euripides, Hecuba, 3 according to those, she was a daughter of Dymas or Sangarius by the Naiad Euagora, or by Glaucippe the daughter of Xanthus (Scamander?); the possibility of her being a daughter of Cisseus is also discussed. A scholiast on Homer relates that Hecuba's parents were either Dymas and the nymph Eunoe or Cisseus and Telecleia;Scholia on Iliad, 16.
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It is certain that rhapsodes performed competitively, contending for prizes at religious festivals, and that this practice was already well-established by the fifth century BC. The Iliad alludes to the myth of Thamyris, the Thracian singer, who boasted that he could defeat even the Muses in song. He competed with them, was defeated, and was punished for his presumption with the loss of his ability to sing.Iliad 2.594-600; see scholia on this passage and Apollodorus, Library 1.3.3. Historically, the practice is first evident in Hesiod's claim that he performed a song at the funeral games for Amphidamas in Euboea and won a prize.Hesiod, Works and Days 650-662: see Hesiod, Theogony ed. M. L. West (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966) pp. 43-46.
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Mathematicae collectiones, 1660 The great work of Pappus, in eight books and titled Synagoge or Collection, has not survived in complete form: the first book is lost, and the rest have suffered considerably. The Suda enumerates other works of Pappus: Χωρογραφία οἰκουμενική (Chorographia oikoumenike or Description of the Inhabited World), commentary on the four books of Ptolemy's Almagest, Ποταμοὺς τοὺς ἐν Λιβύῃ (The Rivers in Libya), and Ὀνειροκριτικά (The Interpretation of Dreams). Pappus himself mentions another commentary of his own on the Ἀνάλημμα (Analemma) of Diodorus of Alexandria. Pappus also wrote commentaries on Euclid's Elements (of which fragments are preserved in Proclus and the Scholia, while that on the tenth Book has been found in an Arabic manuscript), and on Ptolemy's Ἁρμονικά (Harmonika).
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He published editions of the Bucolics by Virgil (1591), some works of Ovid, the Satyres by Persius and the Ars poetica by Horace; commented editions of the Sylvae by Angelo Poliziano and the Emblemata by Andrea Alciato; and translations of Horace and of the Canzoniere by Francesco Petrarca. He wrote and printed Comentarios to the works by Juan de Mena and Garcilaso de la Vega (1582 and 1574 respectively). When he was accused of having identified the influences of Græco-Latin classics in the lyrical work of the latter, thus diminishing his poetic originality, el Brocense said that he didn't consider a good poet whoever didn't imitate the classics. He also wrote a great number of Latin poems and scholia.
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Bernardakis was born in Mytilene, on the island of Lesbos, when it was still a part of the Ottoman Empire. He studied at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and earned his PhD at the age of twenty-three. While still a student there, he published his first book, Σχόλια εις τας δημηγορίας του Θουκυδίδου συνταχθέντα κατά τας αρίστας εκδόσεις ("Scholia on the Speeches of Thucydides according to the best editions", 1867).Bernardakis, Panagiotis & Sibylle M. Bernardakis, "This website is dedicated to Gregorios N Bernardakis, classic philologist and textual critic", Gregorios N. Bernadakis Homepage, , accessed 2 July 2015 After graduation, he began his teaching career in Egypt, where he was first posted to the Abetios School in Cairo and afterwards at the Hellenic Gymnasium of Alexandria.
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157 () or, as reported in the Argonautica (thus the best-known version), for revealing the future to mankind.Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.178–86 For this reason he was also tormented by the Harpies, who stole or defiled whatever food he had at hand or, according to the Catalogue of Women, drove Phineus himself to the corners of the world.Phineus' food: Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.187–201; his wandering torment: Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. 157 () According to scholia on the Odyssey, when asked by Zeus if he preferred to die or lose sight as punishment for having his sons killed by their stepmother, Phineus chose the latter saying he would rather never see the sun, and consequently it was the scorned Helios who sent the Harpies against him.
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It has also occasional scholia in uncials at the margin, with some critical notes. Before Gospel of Luke stands a subscription to the Gospel of Mark. It has Jerusalem colophon at the end of each Gospel. At the en of Matthew we read: : Gospel according to Matthew: written and corrected from the ancient manuscripts in Jerusalem: those kept in the holy mountain: in 2514 lines and 355 chapters At the end of Mark: : Gospel according to Mark: written and corrected likewise from the carefully prepared ones in 1506 lines, 237 chapters At the end of Luke: : Gospel according to Luke: written and corrected likewise in 2677 lines, 342 chapters At the end of John: : Gospel according to John: written and corrected likewise from the same copies in 2210 lines, 232 chapters.
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His exegetical scholia were incorporated into anthologies, sometimes with correct attribution, sometimes not (those on the Psalms were typically attributed to Origen). Only in the twentieth century was this set of ascetic works properly attributed to Evagrius. In the Latin world, Evagrius’ friend Rufinus is known to have translated several of the works into Latin in the early fifth century, and others were translated decades later by Gennadius of Marseilles. Although these were the very first translations of Evagrius’ works, they have been entirely lost; only later Latin versions of two collections of proverbs (the Sentences for Monks and Sentences for a Virgin) and the treatise On the Eight Spirits survive. The Sentences were popular in Benedictine circles, ironically often attributed to “Evagrius the bishop.” The latter text was always attributed to Nilus.
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Theodosius' main work were the Κανόνες εἰσαγωγικοί περὶ κλίσεως ὀνομάτων καὶ ῤημάτων (Introduction to The Rules of Noun and Verb Declension), essentially an epitome of Dionysius Thrax's Art of Grammar, from where he mechanically copied the verb and noun inflectional paradigms. This work, and most importantly the scholia on it by Georgius Choeroboscus, constituted the main primary source for the grammarians later onwards down to the Renaissance. Theodosius was also known as the author of Περὶ ὅρου and other grammatical works. The Κανόνες, amplified by the additions of later Byzantine grammarians, were published by Karl Wilhelm Göttling under the title of Theodosii Alexandrini Grammatica (Leipzig, 1822), the Preface having been published before in Osann's Philemonis grammatici quae supersunt (Berlin, 1821), and a portion of this work, entitled Theodosii Grammatici Alex.
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From this sign, later scholars developed the rough breathing or spiritus asper, which brought back the marking of the old sound into the standardized post-classical (polytonic) orthography of Greek in the form of a diacritic. From scholia to the grammar of Dionysius Thrax, it appears that the memory of the former consonantal value of the letter Η was still alive in the era of the Alexandrine Koiné insofar as the name of the vocalic η was still pronounced "heta" and accordingly written with a rough breathing. The later standard spelling of the name eta, however, has the smooth breathing. Under the Roman emperor Claudius in the mid-1st century AD, Latin briefly re-borrowed the letter in the shape of the half-H tack glyph, as one of the so-called Claudian letters.
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His exegetical works are: "Scholia in Quatuor Evangelia" (Antwerp, 1596), and "Notationes in totam Scripturam Sacram" (Antwerp, 1598), both of which passed through several editions. However short, Sá's annotations clearly set forth the literal sense of Holy Writ, and bespeak a solid erudition, despite a few inaccuracies which have been sharply rebuked by Protestant critics. His theological treatise entitled "Aphorismi Confessariorum ex Doctorum sententiis collecti" (Venice, 1595), however remarkable, was censured in 1603, apparently because the Master of the Sacred Palace treated some of its maxims as contrary to opinions commonly received among theologians, but it was later corrected and has been removed from the Roman Index (1900). Sá's life of John of Texeda, the Capuchin confessor of Francis Borgia, when Duke of Gandia, has not been published.
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13 The first defense of its authenticity is undertaken by John of Scythopolis, whose commentary, the Scholia (ca. 540), on the Dionysian Corpus constitutes the first defense of its apostolic dating, wherein he specifically argues that the work is neither Apollinarian nor a forgery, probably in response both to monophysites and Hypatius—although even he, given his unattributed citations of Plotinus in interpreting Dionysius, might have known better.Rorem, "John of Scythopolis on Apollinarian Christology," p. 482. John of Scythopolis was also proficient identifier of Apollinarian forgeries, giving his defense that much more credibility. Dionysius' authenticity is criticized later in the century, and defended by Theodore of Raithu; and by the 7th century, it is taken as demonstrated, affirmed by both Maximus the Confessor and the Lateran Council of 649.
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In the Phrygians (, Phrýges) or Ransom of Hector (Ἕκτορος λύτρα, Héktoros lútra), Priam and a chorus of Phrygians sought to retrieve Hector's body from the still wroth Achilles.This summary of the most common reconstruction of the trilogy is based upon West (2000) 340-42, though he does not agree with the traditional arrangement. Neither the trilogy's title AchilleisThis title, a feminine adjective formed from Achilles' name, is a modern construct that has been adopted based upon the naming habits of antiquity. Like Oresteia (cf. Aristophanes, Frogs 1124 with scholia), Achilleis is meant to be construed with a suppressed feminine noun: either trilogy (, trilogía) or tetralogy (, tetralogía), if referring to the three known plays and the unknown satyr play that would have followed. Cf. Gantz (1979) 291-93 and (1980) 133-34.
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Demophon would never obtain a life free from death, but Demeter's actions, in fact, prepared and destined him to become immortalized as a recipient of hero cult: while Demophon survives in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, the scholia attest to other versions in which Demophon does not survive his stay in the fire. The bungled immortalization becomes the cause of his death and funeral games in his honor were established at Eleusis under the guise of a ritual mock-battle, a quasi-athletic event known as the Ballêtus,Bell, John, "Bell's New pantheon; or, Historical Dictionary of the gods, Demi-gods, Heroes and fabulous personages of Antiquity", v.1, 1790. Cf.p.124 entry on Balletus: "A feast observed at Eleusis, in Attica, to the honour of Demophoon, the son of Celeus".
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Bentley showed conclusively that the vast majority of metrical anomalies in Homeric verse could be attributed to the presence of digamma (though the idea was not well received at the time: Alexander Pope, for one, satirised Bentley). Important linguistic studies continued throughout the next two centuries alongside the endless arguments over the Homeric question, and the work by figures such as Buttmann and Monro is still worth reading today; and it was the linguistic work of Parry that set in motion a major paradigm shift in the mid-20th century. Another major 18th century development was Villoison's 1788 publication of the A and B scholia on the Iliad. The Homeric question is essentially the question of the identity of the poet(s) of the Homeric epics, and the nature of the relationship between "Homer" and the epics.
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His thought was initially used by Miaphysites to back up parts of their arguments but his writings were eventually adopted by other church theologians, primarily due to the work of John of Scythopolis and Maximus the Confessor in producing an orthodox interpretation.Rorem, Pseudo-Dionysius, p. 14 Writing a single generation at most after Dionysius, perhaps between 537 and 543,Paul Rorem and John C Lamoreaux, John of Scythopolis and the Dionysian Corpus: Annotating the Areopagite, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), p39 John of Scythopolis composed an extensive set (around 600)Paul Rorem and John C Lamoreaux, John of Scythopolis and the Dionysian Corpus: Annotating the Areopagite, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), p38 of scholia (that is, marginal annotations) to the works of Dionysius. These were in turn prefaced by a long prologue in which John set out his reasons for commenting on the corpus.
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Scholia on Homer, Iliad 18.486 citing Pherecydes Most ancient sources omit some of these episodes and several tell only one. These various incidents may originally have been independent, unrelated stories, and it is impossible to tell whether the omissions are simple brevity or represent a real disagreement. In Greek literature he first appears as a great hunter in Homer's epic the Odyssey, where Odysseus sees his shade in the underworld. The bare bones of Orion's story are told by the Hellenistic and Roman collectors of myths, but there is no extant literary version of his adventures comparable, for example, to that of Jason in Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica or Euripides' Medea; the entry in Ovid's Fasti for May 11 is a poem on the birth of Orion, but that is one version of a single story.
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The beings of both the world of darkness and the world of light have names. There are numerous sources for the details of the Manichaean belief. There are two portions of Manichaean scriptures that are probably the closest thing to the original Manichaean writings in their original languages that will ever be available. These are the Syriac-Aramaic quotation by the Nestorian Christian Theodore bar Konai, in his Syriac "Book of Scholia" (Ketba de-Skolionz, 8th century), and the Middle Persian sections of Mani's Shabuhragan discovered at Turpan (a summary of Mani's teachings prepared for Shapur I). From these and other sources, it is possible to derive an almost complete description of the detailed Manichaean visionA completely sourced description (built around bar-Khoni's account, with additional sources), is found in: Jonas, Hans The Gnostic Religion, 1958, Ch. 9: Creation, World History, Salvation According to Mani.
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It is noticeable that this traditional text, and the accompanying scholia, as represented by al-Anbari's recension, derive from al-Mufaddal's fellow philolgists of the Kufan school. Sources from the rival school of Basra claimed however that al- Mufaddal's original dīwān ('collection') was a much smaller volume of poems. In his commentary (Berlin MS), Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Marzuqi gives the number of original poems as thirty, or eighty in a clearer passage, ; and mentions too, that al-Asma'i and his Basran grammarians, augmented this to a hundred and twenty. This tradition, ascribed by al-Marzuqi and his teacher Abu Ali al- Farisi to Abu 'Ikrima of Dabba, who al-Anbari represented as the transmitter of the integral text from Ibn al-A'rabi, gets no mention by al-Anbari, and it would seem improbable as the two schools of Basrah and Kufah were in sharp competition.
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33 Those associated with the liturgical or agonistic calendar (related to sporting and religious events) are mainly the gymnasiarchia (γυμνασιαρχία), that is to say, the management and financing of the gymnasium, and the choregia (χορηγία), the maintenance of the choir members at the theater for dramatic competitions. There were also many other minor liturgies. The hestiasis () was to fund the public dinner of the tribe to which the liturgist belonged;Demosthenes, XX = Against Leptines, 21 and Scholia of Patmos; Demosthenes XXI =Against Midias, 156 and Athenaeus, V, 185c. the architheoria () to lead delegations to the four sacred Panhellenic Games;,Lysias XXI = Defending anonymous, 5.Andokides, I = On the Mysteries, 132. the arrhephoria () to cover the cost of the arrhephoroi, four girls of Athenian high society who brought the peplos to the Athena Parthenos, offered her cakes and dedicated white dresses adorned with gold,Lysias XXI Defending anonymous, 5.
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As a poet, Statius was versatile in his abilities and contrived to represent his work as otium. Taught by his educated father, Statius was familiar with the breadth of classical literature and displayed his learning in his poetry which is densely allusive and has been described as elaborate and mannerist. He was able to compose in hexameter, hendecasyllable, Alcaic and Sapphic meters, to produce deeply researched and highly refined epic and polished impromptu pieces, and to treat a variety of themes with the dazzling rhetorical and poetic skill that inspired the support of his patrons and the emperor. Some of Statius' works, such as his poems for his competitions, have been lost; he is recorded as having written an Agave mime, and a four line fragment remains of his poem on Domitian's military campaigns, the De Bello Germanico composed for the Alban Games in the scholia to Juvenal 4.94.
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The Scholia Sinaitica are fragments of a work of Roman law written in Greek, dating between 438 and 529 AD, containing comments to the books 35-38 of Ulpian's ad Sabinum treatise. The papyrus fragments that show parts of the work were discovered by the Greek scholar Gregorios Bernardakis in the 19th century in a Mount Sinai convent. The scroll is not the work of a single author, but of different authors at different times who are generally thought to be of Eastern origin. The literature suggests that the authors were connected to the Law School of Berytus, they cite numerous works of Roman jurists, texts from imperial constitutions and also the Codex Gregorianus, the Codex Hermogenianus and the Codex Theodosianus, demonstrating knowledge and availability of legal texts of Roman law broader than that demonstrated by contemporary authors of the western part of the empire.
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In an inscription at Knossos in Crete, we find the "mistress of the Labyrinth" (da-pu-ri-to-jo po-ti-ni-ja), who calls to mind the myth of the Minoan labyrinth.. The title was applied to many goddesses. In a Linear B tablet found at Pylos, the "two queens and the king" (wa-na-ssoi, wa-na-ka-te) are mentioned, and John Chadwick relates these with the precursor goddesses of Demeter, Persephone and Poseidon.. Demeter and her daughter Persephone, the goddesses of the Eleusinian mysteries, were usually referred to as "the two goddesses" or "the mistresses" in historical times.. Inscriptions in Linear B found at Pylos, mention the goddesses Pe-re-swa, who may be related with Persephone, and Si-to po-ti-ni-ja,. who is an agricultural goddess.. A cult title of Demeter is "Sito" (: wheat).Eustathius of Thessalonica, scholia on Homer, 265.
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Per Brian E. Daley Cambridge Companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar p206.), notes that Clement of Alexandria, in the (now lost) sixth book of his Hypotyposes ascribes the Dialogue to Luke the Evangelist, though Maximus himself ascribes the authorship to Ariston of Pella, in Latin Aristo Pellaeus, an author whom Eusebius mentions in connection with emperor Hadrian and Simon bar Kokhba.Maximus, Scholia on The Mystical Theology, ascribed to Dionysius the Areopagite, Chapter 1 "I have found this expression Seven heavens also in the Dispute between Papiscus and Jason, written by Aristo of Pella, which Clement of Alexandria, in the sixth book of the Outlines,3 says was composed by Saint Luke." No further trace of an attribution to Luke or Ariston is extant. Since the Dialogue was known to Celsus, Origen, Jerome and the later Latin translator "Celsus Africanus," none of whom names an author, the testimony of Maximus is now disregarded.
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In Pythian Ode III, Pindar recalls "the crowns of the Pythian Games" which Pherenikos had won previously; according to the scholiasts or ancient commentators, Hieron was victorious in the single horse race at Delphi during the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh iterations of the games, in 482 and 478 BC; alternatively "crowns" may simply function as a poetic plural. In 476 BC, Hieron was victorious in the single horse race at Olympia; this victory is celebrated by Pindar in Olympian I and Bacchylides in Ode 5, with Pherenikos named and prominent in both; the date is confirmed by the list of Olympian victors in Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 222, which includes a further Olympic victory for Hieron in 472, also mentioned in the scholia. Whether Pherenikos was the winning horse also on this last occasion is unknown; if first victorious in 482, it would suggest a long career, but the shape of the course may have called for horses with experience as well as speed.
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Philodoppides' works are sometimes referenced in the Scholia to Homeric epic: Furthermore, it seems that the project of writing epic poetry from Helen's perspective was considered immoral by the Roman Imperial period: the Suda preserves a reference to τὰ πονηρὰ μέλη τοῦ Φιλοδοππίδου περὶ τῆς Ἑλένης ('the immoral verses of Philodoppides concerning Helen'), which it attributes to Philostratus. However, it has been argued that Quintus Smyrnaeus drew inspiration from Philodoppides in his Posthomerica, book 13 of which describes the sack of Troy and the recapture of Helen. This implies that Philodoppides was not exclusively seen as an immoral and inferior poet in the Imperial period. Philodoppides' work was barely known by the early Renaissance: Martin of Arles suggests that the Heleneis depicted an example of innominabile malum maleficae nominatae quae in antiquis aevis non solum vivebant sed etiam florescebant ('the unnameable evil of those witches by name, who not only lived but actually thrived in the ancient world').
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F. H. A. Scrivener, Adversaria critica sacra (Cambridge, 1893), p. LXXXV It contains the tables of the before each Gospel, lectionary markings in the margin, and subscriptions at the end, Synaxarion, and Menologion. It contains many brief scholia on the margin made by prima manu. At the end on three leaves are unfinished επιγραμμα of Pseudo-Dorotheus, Bishop of Tyre, on the Seventy disciples and the 12 Apostles.F. H. A. Scrivener, Adversaria critica sacra (Cambridge, 1893), p. LXXXVI In the Pauline epistles occur iota adscriptum, and N ephelkystikon always with verbs (except Hebrews 1:14; 12:8.11) is frequent; errors of itacismus occur 49 times: αι (for ε) 5; ε (for αι) 2; ι (for ει) 5; ει (for ι) 8; ει (for η) 5; η (for ει) 3; ω (for ο) 6; ο (for ω) 9; ι (for η) 2; η (for ι) 3; ε (for η) 1; υ (for οι) 1.
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Important sites in the life and travels of Orpheus According to ApollodorusSon of Oeagrus or Apollo and Calliope: Apollodorus 1.3.1. and a fragment of Pindar,Pindar, frag. 126, line 9, noted in Kerényi 1959: 280. Orpheus' father was Oeagrus, a Thracian king, or, according to another version of the story, the god Apollo. His mother was (1) the muse Calliope, (2) her sister Polymnia,Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.23 with Asclepiades as the authority (3) a daughter of Pierus,In Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 9.30.4, the author claimed that "... There are many untruths believed by the Greeks, one of which is that Orpheus was a son of the Muse Calliope, and not of the daughter of Pierus." son of Makednos or (4) lastly of Menippe, daughter of Thamyris.Tzetzes, Chiliades 1.12 line 306 According to Tzetzes, he was from Bisaltia.John Tzetzes. Chiliades, 1.12 line 305 His birthplace and place of residence was PimpleiaWilliam Keith Guthrie and L. Alderlink, Orpheus and Greek Religion (Mythos Books), 1993, , p. 61 f.
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In the course of his sixty- five year career as a scholar of Roman law, Riccobono contributed much to the literature of his field, but three contributions in particular should be mentioned. He was the first to evaluate critically the then recently rediscovered technique of interpolation and to use the study of interpolations as a means to understand changes in classical law doctrines, instead of viewing the discovery of interpolations as an end in itself. Also, his study of the Scholia Sinaitica was especially useful and well received. And Riccobono was one of the scholars who edited the pre-Justinian sources of Roman law, which was published as Fontes Iuris Romani Antejustiniani (1909).Schiller, supra note 1 at 375-376. Schiller describes Ricconono’s scholarship in detail at 375-381, as does Ortu, supra note 1. He had a reputation as “the Great Conservative” among modern Roman historians and insisted that Justinian’s Corpus Juris Civilis was Roman in spirit, rather than Hellenistic.Kuttner, supra note 1 at 661-662.
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Though the tomb of Aeacus remained in a shrine enclosure in the most conspicuous part of the port city, a quadrangular enclosure of white marble sculpted with bas-reliefs, in the form in which Pausanias saw it, with the tumulus of Phocus nearby,Pausanias, 2.29.6-7 there was no temenos of Peleus at Aegina. Two versions of Peleus' fate account for this; in Euripides' Troades, Acastus, son of Pelias, has exiled him from Phthia;Scholia on Euripides, Troades 1123-28 note that in some accounts the sons of Acastus have cast him out, and that he was received by Molon in his exile and subsequently he dies in exile; in another, he is reunited with Thetis and made immortal. In antiquity, according to a fragment of Callimachus' lost Aitia,One of the fragmentary Oxyrhynchus papyri, noted by Lewis Richard Farnell, Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality: the Gifford Lectures, "The Cults of Epic Heroes: Peleus" 1921:310f.
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Like many other Greek mathematical treatises, Diophantus was forgotten in Western Europe during the so-called Dark Ages, since the study of ancient Greek, and literacy in general, had greatly declined. The portion of the Greek Arithmetica that survived, however, was, like all ancient Greek texts transmitted to the early modern world, copied by, and thus known to, medieval Byzantine scholars. Scholia on Diophantus by the Byzantine Greek scholar John Chortasmenos (1370–1437) are preserved together with a comprehensive commentary written by the earlier Greek scholar Maximos Planudes (1260 – 1305), who produced an edition of Diophantus within the library of the Chora Monastery in Byzantine Constantinople. In addition, some portion of the Arithmetica probably survived in the Arab tradition (see above). In 1463 German mathematician Regiomontanus wrote: : “No one has yet translated from the Greek into Latin the thirteen books of Diophantus, in which the very flower of the whole of arithmetic lies hidden . . . .” Arithmetica was first translated from Greek into Latin by Bombelli in 1570, but the translation was never published.
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Modern scepticism over the attribution is associated with the pioneering work of Vincenzo Di Benedetto in particular, though as early as 1822 Karl Wilhelm Göttling, by analyzing the scholia on the text that had recently been collected and publisher by A. I. Bekker, concluded that the text as we have it was to be dated, not to the Hellinistic period but rather to Byzantine period. Göttling's thesis convinced neither Moritz Schmidt nor Gustav Uhlig, and disappeared from view. In 1958/1959, Di Benedetto revived doubts by comparing the received text with ancient grammatical papyri that had since come to light. He argued that before the 3rd to 4th centuries CE, no papyri on Greek grammar reveal material structured in a way similar to the exposition we have in Dionysius's treatise, that the surviving witnesses for the period before that late date, namely authors such as Sextus Empiricus, Aelius Herodianus, Apollonius Dyscolus and Quintilian, fail to cite him, and that Dionysius's work only begins to receive explicit mention in the works written from the 5th century onwards by such scholars as Timotheus of Gaza, Ammonius Hermiae and Priscian.
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