Growth is usually occurs more when the ruffe is in clear, brackish waters. Generally, female and male ruffe do not live longer than 7 to 11 years.
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The ruffe has the capacity to reproduce at an extremely high rate. A ruffe usually matures in two to three years, but a ruffe that lives in warmer waters has the ability to reproduce in the first year of life. A single female has the potential to lay from 130,000 to 200,000 eggs annually. Ruffe will leave the deep dark water where they prefer and journey to warmer shallow water for spawning.
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Ruffe were first discovered in Loch Lomond, Scotland, in 1982, probably having been introduced as live bait by pike anglers. It is now abundant throughout the Loch, concern was raised about the effect of the huge ruffe population on the endemic whitefish population known as powan Coregonus lavaretus as ruffe prey on their eggs. Ruffe became the principal food item for the three main fish predators found in the area, the great cormorant, grey heron and northern pike.
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The invasion was first noticed in the 1980s by the DNR. They suggest that the fish was introduced to the lake via ballast water that was dumped into the Duluth, Minnesota, harbor by anchored freight ships. Ever since the ruffe were detected, studies have shown that the ruffe and the yellow perch are closely related and are quickly becoming rivals. The ruffe and perch are competing in numbers and are also competing for food; this is a match that the ruffe are winning.
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The introduction of the ruffe seems to be causing much damage to Lake Superior. This fish's invasion of the lake has not only caused problems with space, but competing with other fish for food supply. The ruffe has similar eating habits, but an accelerated reproduction rate compared to other similar fish. Therefore, having more ruffe in the water leads to less food for other fish.
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The Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua), also known as ruffe or pope, is a freshwater fish found in temperate regions of Europe and northern Asia. It has been introduced into the Great Lakes of North America, reportedly with unfortunate results, as it is invasive and is reproducing faster than other species. Its common names are ambiguous – "ruffe" may refer to any local member of its genus Gymnocephalus, which as a whole is native to Eurasia.
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Gymnocephalus ambriaelacus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a ruffe, from the family Percidae which is endemic to Lake Ammersee, in the upper Danube basin in southern Germany. This species can reach a length is (SL). The species is classified as Critically Endangered as its population is declining following the introduction of the ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua). Some authorities suggest that this taxon may be synonymous with the Balon's ruffe (G. baloni).
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The primary spawning season for the ruffe occurs from the middle of April through approximately June.
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The ruffe has the potential to overtake many other fish species, and consequently damage the Great Lakes' ecosystem. Without concerted intervention, the ruffe have the potential to ruin Lake Superior. The ruffe is the first invasive species to have been classified as a nuisance by the Non-indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Program. Along with it being the most populous fish in the St. Louis river basin, it has disrupted ecosystems all across the Great Lakes.
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These embryos are sedentary for 3–7 days, and in that time grow to about 4.5 to 5 mm in length. One week after the hatching, the young ruffe start to swim and feed actively, but they do not form schools at this age. From here, the ruffe gradually mature until they are 2–3 years old, when they reach full maturity. At full length, the adult ruffe is usually around 20 cm, but at a maximum of 29 cm.
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This fish is unique in its ability to adapt in many habitats and temperatures, resulting in success despite such factors as climate change or other biological changes. The ruffe also has an exceptional ability to detect water vibrations through organs called neuromasts. This trait both aids the ruffe in finding food and gives the ruffe an edge in avoiding predators. These develop into more advanced and sensitive organs as the fish matures; of note, the perch's neuromasts weaken as it matures.
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Balon's ruffe (Gymnocephalus baloni), also known as the Danube ruffe, s a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a ruffe, from the family Percidae which is native to the drainages of the Danube from delta to Germany and the Dnieper from delta to Kiev and is expected to occur in the Dniester. It inhabits areas with sand or mud substrates. It is active at night and feeds on small invertebrates. This species can reach a length of SL. It is named after Polish-Canadian ichthyologist Eugene K. Balon (1930-2013).
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In some cases, the introduced species can disturb the environment so much that it becomes unsuitable for particular fish. For example, a major problem has been found with ruffe. This non-native fish has now been introduced into a number of lakes in recent years. It is known that ruffe eat the eggs of vendace, which are particularly vulnerable because of their long incubation period.
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The ruffe's colors and markings are similar to those of the walleye, an olive-brown to golden-brown color on its back, paler on the sides with yellowish white undersides. The ruffe can reach up to in length, but is usually around half that size. It is a very aggressive fish for its size. The ruffe also has a large, spiny dorsal fin which is likely distasteful to its predators.
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Lake Tingstäde is one of Gotland's most biologically diversified lakes. It contains pike, perch, ruffe, roach, bleak, tench, rudd and carp. There is also crayfish in the lake.
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Reyjol Y. et al. "Patterns in species richness and endemism of European freshwater fish". Global Ecology and Biogeography 16(1): 65–75. Another diverse group are the Perciformes (European perch, zander, ruffe, sand goby).
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Common fish in the lake are Eurasian perch, northern pike, brown trout, common whitefish, Sommen charr, smelt, burbot, European eel, ruffe and vendace. Less common fishes include common roach, common bream, tench, vimba and common bleak.
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The New Zealand ruffe, Schedophilus huttoni, is a medusafish of the family Centrolophidae found in all southern oceans south of latitude 18°S, at depths of up to 1,000 m. Its length is up to 90 cm.
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The Tasmanian ruffe, Tubbia tasmanica, is a medusafish of the family Centrolophidae, found in temperate waters in the Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans, at depths of between 700 and 850 m. Its length is up to 67 cm.
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The Franconian Saale is a habitat for the European eel, Chub, Ide, Grayling, Brown trout, Stone Loach, Barbel Bitterling, Bream, Minnow, Perch, Gudgeon, Dace, Pike, Ruffe, Bullhead, Nase, Roach, Rudd, Burbot and Carp, as well as the occasional Signal crayfish.
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The name of the genus is a compound of the Greek gymno meaning "naked" and kephalos meaning "head". Within the genus molecular studies have shown that the ruffe G. cernua is sister to a clade consisting of the Danube ruff G. baloni and the schraetzer or striped ruffe G. schraetser, and that these last two species originated from a common ancestor about 8 million years ago and it has also been suggested that the relatively newly described G. ambriaelacus may be synonymous with G. baloni. G. acerina has not had its genetics sampled which would assist understanding of the genus's phlyogenetics.
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The only freshwater fish of the order Gadiformes, the burbot, inhabits the lower course near the Danube, which is among the southernmost points of its range. The Esociformes are also represented by a single species, the northern pike. The Perciformes are the most diverse order of fishes in the Iskar, represented by several families. The autochthonous species of the family Percidae include pikeperch, Volga pikeperch, European perch, common zingel, streber, Eurasian ruffe, Balon's ruffe, striped ruffe, The Cyprinidae are represented by asp, tench, Danube bleak, common bleak, riffle minnow, silver bream, common bream, white-eye bream, blue bream, Vimba bream, sabrefish, ide, European chub, common nase, European bitterling, common roach, common minnow, common rudd, gudgeon, Kessler's gudgeon, Danube whitefin gudgeon, common barbel, Romanian barbel, crucian carp, The Nemacheilidae are represented by the stone loach, while the species of the family Cobitidae include European weather loach, spined loach, Balkan loach, golden spined loach, Bulgarian spined loach, and Cottus haemusi.
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It also has two fins on top, the front fin has hard and sharp spines, the back fin has soft spines called rays. The most obvious features to recognize a ruffe are the ruffe's large, continuous dorsal fin and its slightly downturned mouth.
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Fishes include minnow, bass, ruffe, roach, pike, ide (Leuciscus idus), chub (Squalius cephalus) and bream. There are colonies of crayfish. The tributaries show traces of beavers and the main river hosts muskrats. In the autumn, the river is visited by ducks, geese and other waterfowl.
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In the ponds and streams the following species of fish may be found: Northern pike, common carp, tench, common roach, carp bream, common rudd, crucian carp, silver bream, ruffe, bitterling, eel, perch, three-spined stickleback, ninespine stickleback, brown bullhead, loach, brown trout, gudgeon, brook lamprey.
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In Eurasia, the ruffe diet mainly consists of zoobenthos: chironomids, small aquatic bugs and larvae, which are all found in the benthic zone of the water column. As far as researchers have been able to learn, it has kept the same diet in its transfer to the Great Lakes.
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The schraetzer (Gymnocephalus schraetser) or striped ruffe, is a species of perch native to the Danube basin. It is a schooling fish, being found over muddy or sandy bottoms of moderately flowing large rivers. This species can reach a length of TL though most only grow to . The greatest recorded weight for this species is .
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Bornsjön is a lake at Södertörn in Salem Municipality in Södermanland, Sweden. It is part of Norrström's main catchment area. The lake is 17 metres deep, has an area of , and is 11 metres above sea level. In test fishing, a large number of fish species have been caught, including European perch, white bream, common bream and ruffe.
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Eurasian ruffe The wide delta of Kuban, with its abundant estuaries, is especially rich in plankton and benthos. There are about 400 species of zooplankton, including rotifers, copepods, cladocerans, mollusks, worms, etc., providing abundant food for fish. The fish fauna of the Kuban differs from that of the nearby Don and Volga rivers and contains more than 65 species from 16 families.
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Lake Esrum have a large population of European perch and Northern pike. Other species includes European eel, ruffe, bream, roach, tench and bleak. A smaller population of brown trout is living here, having adapted to the freshwater. The professional fishing for eel, was previously substantial, but in 1997 the annual catch had fallen to 388 kg from a mere 14 tons.
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Vendace and Powan: the Coregonids Dualchas Nàdair na h-Alba (Scottish Nature Heritage) (Accessed 17 April 2010) Powan populations are relatively healthy, but may have been negatively impacted by the introduced ruffe, which eats powan eggs and fry. As a conservation action, an attempt to establish populations in four additional lakes has been undertaken.Powan project to ensure survival of rare UK fish species fishnewseu.
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The gwyniad (Coregonus pennantii) is a freshwater whitefish native to Bala Lake () in northern Wales. The population is threatened by deteriorating water quality and by the ruffe, a fish introduced to the lake in the 1980s and now eating the eggs and fry of gwyniad. As a conservation measure, eggs of gwyniad were transferred to Llyn Arenig Fawr, a nearby lake, between 2003 and 2007.Gwyniad BBC.
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The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains more than 200 species in 11 genera. The perches, and their relatives are in this family; well-known species include the walleye, sauger, ruffe, and three species of perch.
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Organisms targeted by NISA are categorized as aquatic nuisance species, including in particular zebra mussel and the Eurasian ruffe. NISA authorizes regulation of ballast water, a key factor in the spread of aquatic invasive species. To minimize the spread of invasive species in U.S. waterways, EPA and the Coast Guard developed plans to regulate the concentration of living organisms discharged in the ballast water of ships.U.S. Coast Guard.
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Most of the cliffs formed from reef limestone have a steep, sometimes vertical, side facing north. In these cliffs (Gutnish: klintar) are small caves, the largest of which can be found at Rammträsk and Broträsk. There are large stands of white waterlilies in the lakes, a plant rarely seen in Gotlandic lakes. Among the fishes that can be found in the lakes are european perch, northern pike, common roach and ruffe.
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Zander are carnivorous and the adults feed on smaller schooling fish. Studies around the Baltic Sea have found them to prey on the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua), European perch, vendace (Coregonus albula) and the common roach (Rutilus rutilus), They were also found to be cannibalistic on smaller zanders. They have also been recorded feedong on smolts of sea trout (Salmo trutta morph. trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
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The Donets ruffe (Gymnocephalus acerina) is a species of perch native to eastern Europe where it occurs in the basins of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. They inhabit freshwater lakes and rivers usually over hard compacted sand. They are predominantly crepuscular and prey mostly on invertebrates (crustaceans, insect larvae, mollusks), rarely on fish. They are inactive during winter months, and usually move to deeper places until the ice melts.
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Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one specues, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
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These opossum shrimps are frequently found in large numbers and filter small food particles out of the water, occasionally consuming larger prey. The diet consists largely of detritus, but water fleas and copepods are also consumed. Opossum shrimps themselves often fall prey to fish. In the Frisian Lakes these include the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), the ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua), young pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) and sometimes the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).
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Life for the Eurasian ruffe, starts as an egg, like other fish. Egg sizes typically range from 0.34 to 1.3 mm in diameter, depending on the size of the female. If the same female has a second batch in the same season, the eggs will be smaller than the first batch. The size of the second batch of eggs is about 0.36 to 0.47 mm, while the first batch of eggs goes from 0.90 to 1.21 mm in size.
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They are dominated by the genera Gobio, Romanogobio, Squalius and Chondrostoma and contain species and genera such as carp, Prussian carp, roach, bream, silver bream, pike, perch, ruffe, Chalcalburnus, Sprattus, Mugil and others. Some species such as silver carp and grass carp were acclimatized in the last decade. Endemic species include the Kuban barbel (Barbus kubanicus), Gobio kubanicus, Little Kuban gudgeon (Romanogobio parvus), Kuban long-barbelled gudgeon (R. pentatrichus), Kuban nase (Chondrostoma kubanicum), Sabanejewia kubanica, Oxynoemacheilus merga and Aphips chub.
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Fish species of the gulf include Atlantic salmon, viviparous eelpout, gobies, belica, loach, European chub, common minnow, silver bream, common dace, ruffe, Crucian carp, stickleback, European smelt, common rudd, brown trout, tench, pipefish, burbot, perch, gudgeon, lumpsucker, roach, lamprey, vendace, garfish, common whitefish, common bream, zander, orfe, northern pike, spined loach, sprat, Baltic herring, sabre carp, common bleak, European eel and Atlantic cod.Fishing page of Saint-Petersburg . Fishers.spb.ru. Retrieved on 2011-08-14. Commercial fishing is carried out in spring and autumn.
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Soviet designation Project 671 Yorsh (ruffe)—was the initial type that entered service in 1967; 16 were produced.Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies 1718-1990, Norman Polmar and Jurrien Noot, Naval Institute Press, 1991 Each had six torpedo tubes for launching Type 53 torpedoes and SS-N-15 anti-submarine missiles and mines could also be released. Subs had a capacity of 24 tube-launched weapons or 48 mines (a combination would require fewer of each). They were long.
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All had close ties to the folklore of Russia and were rewritten both in prose and as poems, including nebylitsa (a variation of nursery rhymes). Most famous are The Tale of Yersh Yershovich and The Tale of Shemyaka's Trial that satirized the Russian judicial system: the first described a trial against a sleazy ruffe, with different fish representing different social classes, while the second focused on a corrupted judge Shemyaka who is often linked to Dmitry Shemyaka.Companion to Russian Studies. Volume 2.
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The lake's catchment is the largest of any lake in the Lake District. This, along with a large percentage of cultivable land within this drainage area, makes Bassenthwaite Lake a fertile habitat. The lake contains salmon, trout, pike, perch, minnow, dace, ruffe and eel, though the predominant species is roach, which is believed to have been introduced in the form of discarded live-baits by visiting pike anglers. Also present was the vendace, until it was declared extinct within the lake in 2001.
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San Francisco de Yuruaní San Francisco de Yuruaní, an indigenous community in the "km 250" of the Troncal 10 is an important craft selling place, and offers refueling for tourists. The name in the native language of the community is Kumarakapay. The town offers various items of tourist tat, including bracelets and necklaces. Tourists can find there a large sample of mineral stones common in Bolivar state, as auriferous quartz, rose quartz, slate, iron, marble, bauxite, silicon, jet and ruffe, among others.
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It may relate to anthropogenic alternations to the regional nitrogen cycle, but researchers are still unsure of the causes of this change to the lake's ecology. As for other Great Lakes fish, populations have also been affected by the accidental or intentional introduction of foreign species such as the sea lamprey and Eurasian ruffe. Accidental introductions have occurred in part by the removal of natural barriers to navigation between the Great Lakes. Overfishing has also been a factor in the decline of fish populations.
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Sevruga (Russian: севрю́га) A caviar from the Sevruga, a type of sturgeon found only in the Caspian and Black Seas. Shchi (Russian: щи) A type of cabbage soup. Solyanka (Russian: соля́нка; [sɐˈlʲankə]) is a thick, spicy and sour Russian soup that is common in Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union and certain parts of the former Eastern Bloc. Ukha (Russian: Уха), is a clear Russian soup, made from various types of fish such as bream, wels catfish, northern pike, or even ruffe.
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The head of the Chinese sleeper The invasive Chinese sleeper from the region of Vinnytsia, Ukraine The Chinese sleeper, known as rotan in Russia, resembles a perch, ruffe or sculpin. The eyes are placed high on the head which has a rounded snout and projecting lower jaw. There is little or no gap between the two dorsal fins, the front one of which has six to eight spines and the back one nine to eleven soft rays. The anal fin has one to three spines and seven to ten soft rays.
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Edsviken is a popular waterway, it is used by anglers, boat owners and bathers in the summer and ice skaters in the winter. With its brackish water, the Edsviken offers a unique environment for its flora and fauna. Various coastal and wetland plants grow around the Edsviken, including water forget-me-not--a rare plant in Sweden--Bolboschoenus maritimus and seaweed. The Eurasian oystercatcher and the barnacle goose both nest on the Edsviken, which also has a wide variety of fish species, including: perch, bream, pike, ruffe, zander and the occasional herring.
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The Ladoga is rich with fish. 48 forms (species and infra specific taxa) of fish have been encountered in the lake, including roach, carp bream, zander, European perch, ruffe, endemic variety of smelt, two varieties of Coregonus albula (vendace), eight varieties of Coregonus lavaretus, a number of other Salmonidae as well as, albeit rarely, endangered Atlantic sturgeon (formerly confused with European sea sturgeon). Commercial fishing was once a major industry but has been hurt by overfishing. After the war, between 1945–1954, the total annual catch increased and reached a maximum of 4,900 tonnes.
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Ukha () is a clear Russian soup, made from various types of fish such as bream, wels catfish, northern pike, or even ruffe. It usually contains root vegetables, parsley root, leek, potato, bay leaf, dill, tarragon, and green parsley, and is spiced with black pepper, saffron, nutmeg, and fennel seed. Fish such as perch, tench, sheatfish, and burbot are sometimes used to add flavour to the soup. The roots of the soup originated in the culture of the Russian Cossack steppe riders and the soup is mostly associated in Russia with the Don region.
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Ivö Lake (Swedish: Ivösjön) is the largest and deepest lake of Skåne, Sweden, located in the municipalities of Kristianstad and Bromölla in the northeastern part of Skåne County. It covers an area of just under , with a maximum depth of 50 meters. The lake is the richest in fish species in Sweden, including pike, salmon, burbot, vendace, bream, ide, ruffe, minnow, rudd, and spined loach, rare for this area, which has prompted biodiversity conservation efforts and attention from among others EU Natura 2000. 25-30 different species are regularly caught in the lake.
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Because of the weak flows and shallow depth, water is relatively warm and quiet that promotes growth of aquatic vegetation. Fish types include roach, some gobies, crucian carp, sabre carp, perch, ruffe, pike, common dace, silver bream, ide, gudgeon, carp bream, spined loach, European smelt, char, pike-perch, rudd and burbot.Fishes of Kizhi area (in Russian) Along the center of the island runs a narrow ridge, which is a remnant of the ice age. It has steep slopes in some parts and is up to 22 meters tall.
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However this seems at odds with this reference: "And sometimes out of policy, or rather a vapour, they will vie, when they have not above 30. in their hands, and the next may have forty, the other fifty; and they being afraid to see it, many times he wins out of a vapor..." Cotton also has a similar reference. It seems impossible to make "30", much less "50", out of simple card counts. Willughby clearly states that "In reckoning for the ruffe, the coates are tens, the Ace is eleven".
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Ruff and honours is covered in Charles Cotton's The Compleat Gamester of 1674 where it is described as being commonly known in all parts of England. At the time Randle Cotgrave thought the name was just a synonym for Trump. The game was also known as Slamm, a less popular form was called Whist, and it was closely related to Ruffe and Trump described by Francis Willughby.Francis Willughby's Book of Games by Francis Willughby, David Cram, Jeffrey L. Forgeng, Dorothy Johnston Willughby speculated that there was an earlier simple trick-taking game without the ruff and honours.
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The ruffe, a small percid fish from Eurasia, became the most abundant fish species in Lake Superior's Saint Louis River within five years of its detection in 1986. Its range, which has expanded to Lake Huron, poses a significant threat to the lower lake fishery. Five years after first being observed in the St. Clair River, the round goby can now be found in all of the Great Lakes. The goby is considered undesirable for several reasons: it preys upon bottom-feeding fish, overruns optimal habitat, spawns multiple times a season, and can survive poor water quality conditions.
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Llyn Tegid has abundant pike, perch, brown trout, roach, eel. It also contains the gwyniad, a fish unique to the locality and listed as critically endangered by the IUCN due to the introduction of the invasive and non native ruffe;– Snowdonia Guide, Bala Lake website and the very rare mollusc Myxas glutinosa (the glutinous snail). According to legend, whilst the Dee itself flows through the lake, the waters never mix. However this was not confirmed by the detailed limnological work undertaken from the 1990s, to understand and manage the occurrence of algal blooms on the lake.
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Yorsh (Also known as Mora Grogg) ( which means "Ruffe") is a Russian mixed drink consisting of beer thoroughly mixed with an ample quantity of vodka. It is traditionally drunk in a social setting, typically with a toast followed by downing a full glass of it at one go. Vodka is a neutral spirit which does not greatly alter the flavor of the beer, but does greatly increase its alcohol content. Probably the first evidence of presence of such a mix in Russian drinking culture is the Tale of Woe and Misfortune, an anonymous 17th century- poem.
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Vattenprogram, p 12.4-12.6 An inventory of aquatic plants in 1997 showed the western and southern parts of the lake are dominated by spiked water-milfoil and yellow water-lily, while the eastern part is dominated by common club-rush and common reed. Stratiotes aloides is found near the lake outlet. The same inventory reported 45 species/taxa in the lake-bed fauna, which includes all common species, dominated by Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, freshwater gastropods, and leeches. perch, roach, northern pike, tench, silver bream, ruffe, and crucian carp have been documented in the lake, sample catches typically exceeding excepted levels.
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Silver Birch near Ågestasjön. In 1998, a wide range of aquatic plants were documented in the lake: reed, common club-rush, common bulrush, lesser bulrush, yellow iris, alisma, branched bur-reed, water hemlock, marsh calla, water-soldier, yellow water-lily, white water-lily, broad-leaved pondweed, blunt-leaved pondweed, whorled water-milfoil, rigid hornwort, common bladderwort, pondweed, bog-bean, frogbit, lesser duckweed, greater duckweed, and ivy-leaved duckweed. Common fishes in the lake includes pike, roach, rudd, tench, bleak, silver bream, carp bream, crucian carp, perch, and ruffe. Of these tench and crucian carp represent the majority of biomass in the lake, while roach and perch dominated in numbers.
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They are the northern pike, roach, stone loach, European perch, and minnow. Rarer native species include the endemic Salvelinus killinensis and the powan, the latter found in only two locations and under threat from introduced ruffe and the Arctic charr. The latter may have been the first fish species to re-enter fresh waters when the last ice age ended, and about 200 populations exist. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) The freshwater pearl mussel was once abundant enough to support commercial activities,See for example and Scotland is the remaining European stronghold with about half the global number present. There are populations in more than 50 rivers, mainly in the Highlands, although illegal harvesting has seriously affected their survival.
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Among these are: European pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis), dice snake (Natrix tessellata), European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina), and the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus). For the fish species in the park, the periodic flooding of the Mureș River is a blessing; this process provides new spawning grounds, as well as generating new food and protection. The ichthyofauna in the park has a rich diversity and contains more fish species than any other section of the Mureș River. It is only in this section of the Mureș River that some species exist: white-eye bream (Abramis sapa), zarte (Vimba vimba), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), striped ruffe (Gymnocephalus schraetser), zingel (Zingel zingel).
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The National Invasive Species Act (NISA) is a United States federal law intended to prevent invasive species from entering inland waters through ballast water carried by ships. NISA reauthorized and amended a previous measure, the Non-indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 (NANPCA). Organisms targeted by NISA are categorized as aquatic nuisance species, including in particular zebra mussels and Eurasian ruffe. To extend upon NANPCA, NISA authorizes regulation of ballast water, a key factor in the spread of aquatic invasive species; funding for prevention and control research; regional involvement with the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force; and education and technical assistance programs to promote compliance with the new regulations.
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Despite its formerly vast size, the Aral Sea had relatively low indigenous biodiversity. Native fish species of the lake included ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris), all three Pseudoscaphirhynchus sturgeon species, Aral trout (Salmo trutta aralensis), northern pike (Esox lucius), ide (Leuciscus idus oxianus), asp (Aspius aspius iblioides), common rudd (Scardinius erythropthalmus), Turkestan barbel (Luciobarbus capito conocephalus), Aral barbel (L. brachycephalus brachycephalus), common bream (Abramis brama orientalis), white-eyed bream (Ballerus sapa aralensis), Danube bleak (Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis), ziege (Pelecus cultratus), crucian carp (Carassius carassius gibelio), common carp (Cyprinus carpio aralensis), Wels catfish (Silurus glanis), Ukrainian stickleback (Pungitius platygaster aralensis), zander (Sander lucioperca), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), and Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus). All these fish aside from the stickleback lived an anadramous or semi-anadromous lifestyle.
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More than 80 species of fish have been found in Lake Superior. Species native to the lake include: banded killifish, bloater, brook trout, burbot, cisco, lake sturgeon, lake trout, lake whitefish, longnose sucker, muskellunge, northern pike, pumpkinseed, rock bass, round whitefish, smallmouth bass, walleye, white sucker and yellow perch. In addition, many fish species have been either intentionally or accidentally introduced to Lake Superior: Atlantic salmon, brown trout, carp, chinook salmon, coho salmon, freshwater drum, pink salmon, rainbow smelt, rainbow trout, round goby, ruffe, sea lamprey and white perch. Lake Superior has fewer dissolved nutrients relative to its water volume than the other Great Lakes and so is less productive in terms of fish populations and is an oligotrophic lake.
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The narrator, who was away from home the previous New Year due to research for his writing, makes time in his schedule, and plans an overnight fishing trip to Inatori in Higashiizu for Gaku. During this trip, Gaku discusses fishing setups and bait with the owner of the local fishing shop in specialist language that is completely alien to his father. He also uses tools his father has never seen before to skilfully catch a sea ruffe, leading the author to realise that his son is pushing into a world he has no knowledge of. One month later, the narrator, who is by then in the bitterly cold region of Irkutsk, calls home for the first time in a while.
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Bewick's swans have been spotted on this reservoir. In the winter of 1963 100,000 gulls were counted roosting at the reservoir. As of 2020 Thames Water are reviewing the access arrangements for all three of the Walton reservoirs, The design of the reservoir has an effect on the fish population that can live in the reservoir, the concrete shores means that only European perch and ruffe can breed, except for where there are empty fish cages constructed with netting, which support some plant growth and this allows small numbers of cyprinid fish to breed. The low numbers of fish in the reservoir have led to the zooplankton being dominated by large sized cladocerans and Daphnia and to high growth rates in the few fish that live there.
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Aquatic plants includes reed, club-rush, wood club-rush, broadleaf cattail, flowering rush, water hemlock, yellow iris, yellow loosestrife, bittersweet, yellow water-lily, white water-lily, broad-leaved pondweed, red pondweed, whorled water-milfoil, amphibious bistort, water-soldier, frogbit, duckweed, greater bladderwort, and greater duckweed. Along the shores of the lake are hybrid crack willow, alder, bay willow, grey willow, aspen, ash, purple- loosestrife, marsh fern, wild angelica, marsh woundwort, gypsywort, creeping spearwort, marsh cinquefoil, marsh-marigold, bittersweet, skullcap, corn mint, meadowsweet, trifid bur-marigold, and purple small-reed. An inventory of dragonflies in the north-eastern end of the lake documented a presence of red- eyed damselfly, northern damselfly, azure damselfly, brown hawker, club-tailed dragonfly, downy emerald, and four-spotted chaser. Fishes present in the lake include smelt, pike, roach, rudd, tench, bleak, silver bream, carp bream, crucian carp, burbot, perch, zander, and ruffe.
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Compared to other parts of the Leningrad Oblast, the winter here is usually milder due to the moderating influence of the Gulf of Finland, but longer. The city of Vyborg and the town of Priozersk are situated on the northwestern part of the isthmus. The Karelian Isthmus is a popular place for hiking, cycling, skiing (Korobitsyno and Kavgolovo), climbing (near Kuznechnoye), canoeing (Losevo), fishing for consumption (of carp bream, northern pike, roach, European perch, ruffe, burbot and others), mushroom hunting (for porcini, red-capped scaber stalk, birch bolete, velvet bolete, slippery Jack, golden chanterelle, Lactarius resimus, woolly milk-cap, ugly milk-cap, saffron milk-cap, Lactarius rufus, various Russulas and others), berry picking (of bilberry, raspberry, woodland strawberry, cowberry, cranberry, cloudberry, bog bilberry and stone bramble). It is a popular summer resort for Saint Petersburg citizens since the late 19th century, served by trains of Finlyandsky Rail Terminal.
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Following the salinity increase and drying of the lake, the Aral trout, ruffe, Turkestan barbel and all sturgeon species were entirely extirpated and have not since returned due to dams blocking their migration routes, with the Aral trout and Syr Darya sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi) possibly being driven to extinction due to their restricted range. All other native fish barring the stickleback (which persisted even during the lake's shrinkage and salinity increase) were also extirpated, but have since returned to the North Aral Sea following its recovery from the 1990s onwards. Numerous other mostly salt- tolerant fish species were purposefully or inadvertently introduced during the 1960s, due to the increasing salinity of the lake from hydropower and irrigation projects that reduced the flow of fresh water. These include the Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras), big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri caspia), black-striped pipefish (Syngnatus abaster caspius), Caucasian dwarf goby (Knipowitschia caucasica), monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis), round goby (N.
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The aquatic flora composed of reed, common club-rush, flowering rush, yellow iris, greater water-parsnip, brooklime, bulbous rush, toad rush, eight-stamened waterwort, needle spike-rush, spring quillwort, amphibious bistort, pale persicaria, rigid hornwort, horned pondweed, perfoliate pondweed, blunt-leaved pondweed, grass-wrack pondweed, fennel pondweed, various-leaved pondweed, lesser pondweed, fan-leaved water-goosefoot, whorled water-milfoil, alternate water- milfoil, spiked water-milfoil, Canadian waterweed, Nuttall's waterweed, and common duckweed. There are stoneworts such as Chara delicatula and Nitella flexilis. On the shores are plants like alders, hybrid crack willows, osiers, elms, ashes, grey willow, birch, aspens, great yellow-cress, gypsywort, skullcap, whorled mint (a hybrid species between corn mint and water mint), trifid bur-marigold, slender tufted-sedge, reed sweet-grass, annual meadow- grass, silverweed and purple-loosestrife. Naturally occurring fishes are melt, northern pike, roach, rudd, tench, bleak, silver bream, carp bream, eel, burbot, perch, zander, and ruffe.
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