We took rubbings of the bottom of the droid feet.
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In 1990, for "Ghosts Pounding the Wall," he made rubbings on the Great Wall.
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Their use in Queen Mary recalls Belle's earlier works: Trading Post (articulated hierarchies and visible displacements), a sculpture that consists of similar stones pieced into a rough column and encased in plexiglass, and Wall Rubbings (record of the work of others), a collection of rubbings of the same stones.
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Since 2011, Collins has used the rubbings to gather biological information about medieval European cattle, sheep, and goats.
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Her most common motifs were manhole covers, based on charcoal rubbings, a series she had begun by 1963.
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Natural-lit night scenes and gloomy filters have rendered expensive widescreens into charcoal rubbings of semi-perceptible movement.
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Ghostly traces of history also appear in Julie Shafer's series of graphite rubbings and photographs of the Oregon Trail.
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Indoors, at the Discovery Center, young visitors can make bark rubbings, count tree rings and create necklaces made of buds.
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The exhibition also included the poignant text-based "Love Poem" monoprints, made of charcoal rubbings, written in the Spanish language.
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Sculptures, assemblages and rubbings derived from deconstructed pianos were also devised by Ms. Spalding, with two collaborators from Portland, Ore.
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They delicately hold paper rubbings of fossils, bringing together not only the notation of biological time, but also its imprint.
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The drawings are graphite rubbings, and they offer respite from the conceptual tightness of the sculpture — a bit of breathing room.
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Weeks before her suicide, she visited a friend, the artist Nancy Grossman, who was making rubbings of zippers and leather straps.
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The shaded backgrounds resemble crayon rubbings, the kind kids use to capture on paper the patterns of leaves or coins or headstones.
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Her "photographic rubbings" of soil, concrete, and trees yield textured images that hint at the story of their making, but leave plenty unsaid.
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In total, there are 2130 paintings, 21000 works of calligraphy, 2138 ink rubbings, and four textiles from 21000 centuries and five imperial dynasties.
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Like with these bird paintings, there are rubbings, scrapings, and dumb wings on top of the nicely painted wings, which I think of as edits.
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Shrub is a collaboration between Linked by Air and artist Jeffrey Scudder that allows for the creation of unique and inherently artsy digital "rubbings" of reality.
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Margaret "Maggs" Williams grew up visiting cemeteries, taking rubbings of tombstones, and having minor brushes with ghosts — "thinking you hear something or see something," she says.
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It also sells stone rubbings of some of the temple's steles, including strange representations of the human bodies showing the energy channels, or meridians, of Chinese medicine.
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For Feathered Changes, Serpent Disappearances, Deball creates rubbings, sculpture, and pottery as a set of studies on the sometimes haphazard dispersal, recombination, and interpretation of artifacts over time.
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There, visitors can make rubbings of the flag, retrofitted into the wood of school desks — a nostalgic experience of "becoming intimate with a symbol through touch," Clark says.
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Another is a figurative tableau originally created in raised linear relief on a set of clay bricks, and preserved now as a pair of painting-size ink rubbings.
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Children can make rubbings of the memorial's carved names and explore the activities in the 211/26 Memorial Art Cart, which include writing and drawing in a journal.
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Two works suspended from the ceiling incorporate materials, patterns, and insignia from those communities: rubber, leather, tree-rubbings, found cloth, scraps of language, latex paint, twine, and wood.
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Since then, he has been laying canvases on them and creating paintings that are something like colorful rubbings — a style that gives a new twist to the term impressionist painting.
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Here they're tearing up the Interstate in a 1969 Plymouth Satellite, coming from the Keys, where they spent a few productive days touring the local cemetery pursuing Serge's latest hobby, making tombstone rubbings.
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All of these movements produced different results — rubbings and harmonics and glissandos and single tones and rough noise — and the switching among them was as much a part of the improvisation as the sound.
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From the Times: [Wilkes] gave the lobster's body to Jenny Bovey, a local artist and owner of Blue Water Fish Rubbings, who uses dead sea creatures to make prints for clothing, accessories and tapestries.
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Some images are presented as final; others are combined into fictional forms, or collaged into larger installations with more of a narrative arc, such as the 42 rubbings that make up The Weeping Rocks.
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Rakowitz's look back to cultures — and more explicitly their citizens — of the past is most dramatic in a room dedicated to rubbings on paper and plaster casts of the architectural details to Istanbul's buildings made by Ottoman Armenians.
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For the show Kavanagh has created a series of collages using digital and manual techniques, which involved taking casts from various architectural details from the building and taking rubbings of various surfaces, like the marble, mirrors, and tiles.
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"The Last Memory" is an intense vision layered with charcoal rubbings of images of a child being strangled by a screaming soldier, firemen with hoses, collapsing bricks, white men in ties and sunglasses, and black women burning in flames.
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Described as "a form of national expiation and healing," the act of rubbing for Harsono is also reminiscent of the Korean artist Do Ho Suh's performative rubbings of his apartment and personal objects as a way of instilling memory and identity.
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An exhibition at San Francisco Asian Art Museum, Changing and Unchanging Things: Noguchi and Hasegawa in Postwar Japan, is displaying their art together: Noguchi's paper Akari lamps and sculptures made of metal, wood, and stone, alongside Hasegawa's paintings, calligraphy, and rubbings.
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In addition to hundreds of delicate graphite rubbings of pesos and a video of the artist removing stones from beans, Peñalosa has taken alluring photographs of clouds, one set over Tecate, Mexico, and the other just over the border in the United States.
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Some absorbing pieces were essentially works of architecture, like Mariana Castillo Deball's "Hypothesis of a Tree" (2016) an environment created in a gallery in Al Mureijah Square that consists of bamboo struts hung with curtains of Japanese paper imprinted with rubbings of fossil sediments.
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For example, three graphite rubbings of Huber's 43 sculpture "Sea of the Lost" — a surfboard made out of 200,000 staples arranged in the shape of waves to commemorate the millions lost at sea during the transatlantic slave trade — capture the show's ghostly, elegiac mood.
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At the entrance of the Expo/Crenshaw Station, Erwin Redl will design a gleaming stained-glass pavilion; for a second pavilion at the Leimert Park Station, Ingrid Calame worked with local youth to collect and display rubbings from buildings in the residential neighborhood of Leimert Park.
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Displayed alongside the plaster casts — made with animal bones from livestock descended from farms historically owned by Armenians — are rubbings made from the facades of these buildings, as well as photographs, and histories of the craftsmen and their ateliers, giving names to the forgotten and unrecognized ghosts of Ottoman Istanbul.
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The image itself presents disparate elements: scientific illustrations of sea life; a photo of a crowd; a diagram of some blades; various rubbings in the negative space; and, centrally, the disembodied busts of Salvador Dalí, Paul Éluard, Tristan Tzara sporting his monocle, Ernst himself, and a mute crowd of other surrealist practitioners.
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Reigns created The Gay Rub, a participatory art project in 2011 and has curated the project ever since. The Gay Rub is a collection of rubbings taken from historically significant LGBTQ public markers, memorials, and monuments. Participants from around the world contribute rubbings of markers from their home city, along with commentary. There are currently more than 200 rubbings in the collection, which has toured major universities.
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He primarily travelled in search of ancient stone inscriptions, which he preserved as rubbings for posterity.
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Craven Ord (1756–1832) was an English antiquarian. He was particularly noted for his brass rubbings.
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With rice paper hard to come by, Joan used oil pigments lightly tamped on stretched dyed cloth. The combination of coloured fabrics and inks produced a polychromatic blueprint of the carved relief with crisp, well-defined lines outlining both figures and hieroglyphic passages. Although Patten made rubbings from the original surface of every monument she made a replica of, a majority of duplicate rubbings were fashioned directly from the replicas. Rubbings from the second generation casts had several advantages.
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A replica which can be used for brass rubbings is displayed in the north-west corner of the nave.
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However, only approximately 30,000 have been transcribed or had rubbings made, and fewer than those 30,000 have been formally studied.
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Navajo rubbings are found in the satchel of a motorcyclist who crashed while attempting to cross the U.S.-Canada border. Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) is called into a meeting with Alvin Kersh (James Pickens, Jr.), Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi), Brad Follmer (Cary Elwes) and a few unknown men. She is shown a copy of the rubbings and is asked whether she can identify them. After the meeting, Scully explains to John Doggett (Robert Patrick) and Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish) that the rubbings are similar to ones she found on a wrecked spacecraft three years prior.
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Several months later, a metallic artifact with inscriptions is discovered on the beach of Côte d'Ivoire in Africa. After Mulder examines rubbings of the object, he begins suffering from a headache, seemingly caused by the rubbings. Mulder's condition worsens, but he gains telepathic abilities. Chuck Burks (Bill Dow) tells them that the symbols on the artifact are Navajo.
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The temple was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion but copies of ink rubbings of the steles were preserved in and outside of China.
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1979 Adventure. People, 22 January, pp. 22–23. Callaway, Carl D. 2012 Rubbings of Ancient Maya Sculpture by Joan W. Patten. Mayaweb Art Press.
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The drums had only 501 graphs by the Song dynasty (960-1279 CE), when the best rubbings now surviving were made (Mattos, p. 57\. Cf. Guo Zhongshu). They have been further damaged through rough handling and repeated rubbings in the years since, and one was even converted into a mortar, destroying a third of it. A mere 272 characters are visible on the stones today.
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As Joan made molds, she in turn made rubbings from the original work; these were fashioned before and after casting to record that no harm had come to the stone. Having the governmental permission but little monies to support the work, she began to sell the rubbings to finance more expeditions into more Maya sites and she soon became one of the best practitioners of this art. However, she always considered the calcos merely a side-line to her main work as a sculptor. Traditionally, rubbings have been made by tamping or rubbing black inks or waxes on white rice paper which are stretched over carved stone, wood or metal.
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Sometimes I take rubbings of cracks in the sidewalk and sometimes I take rubbings of rubbings.’Dienes quoted in: John Wilcock, ‘Boulevard Beachcomber’, The Village Voice, 15 February 1956, p. 2. Dienes sometimes enlisted the aid of younger artists Rachel Rosenthal, Cy Twombly, Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns.Rachel Rosenthal, interviewed by Gerard Forde, Los Angeles, 12 October 2012. Cited in Natalie McKinney Metzger, Closer To Life: The Work of Sari Dienes, Master’s Research Paper, Faculty of the School of Art and Art History, University of Denver, 2013. Johns later recalled assisting Dienes: ‘After finishing my work at a bookstore on 57th Street, I used to visit Sari, who lived nearby.
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She began to explore the ancient heritage and native Maya of Guatemala. Becoming fascinated by the Classic Maya sculpture in the many nearby ancient Maya ruins, she began investigating the ancient art. In these early years, tourists were allowed at some ruins to make rubbings of stone monuments. So as a pastime, she made rubbings (or calcos as they were called) of carvings located on a friend's finca.
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In the past rubbings were most commonly made using the equivalent of what nowadays is called "butcher's paper" [a roll of whitish paper] laid down over the brass and rubbed with "heelball", a waxy glob of black crayon once used to shine shoes. Now most brass rubbers purchase special paper rolls of heavy duty black velvety material, and the crayons are gold, silver or bronze (other colours are available). Brass plaques are slowly but surely worn away by the rubbing process and in many cases creating rubbings is banned. Brass rubbing centres with replicas of original brass plaques have become a prime source for brass rubbings in the UK. Replicas are often not the same scale as the original.
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Ms. E-J.W. Bunting, along with Dr. F. A. Khan, Justice Feroz Nana and S. A. Naqvi started preparing rubbings of stone carvings and provided further publicity by exhibitions abroad of these rubbings. The exhibition in the USA in particular aroused great interest amongst the scholars in the studies of various aspects of the Chaukhandi tombs.Bunting, Ethel-Jane W., Sindhi Tombs and Textiles - Persistence of Pattern, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, U.S.A., 1967.
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The episode makes reference to rubbings from an alien wreck, a direct continuation from the plots of the sixth season finale "Biogenesis" and the seventh season opener "The Sixth Extinction".
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Preserved biological finds indicate that the garrison included a cavalry unit. Rubbings of samian ware found at Pomeroy Wood can be viewed at the Study Group for Roman Pottery website.
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Formerly in the library of the Catholic University of Leuven (Louvain), Belgium. Pinart published rubbings, which are kept in the Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Fischer (1997) says that the tablet survives in replicas made from casts. However, these replicas appear to have been of the Small Santiago; other than the rubbings, Keiti only survives in the two sets of photographs, one with white fill in the glyphs to make them more visible (Horley 2010).
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By 29 November 1985, the Guatemalan Congress enacted a law restricting the creation of molds and rubbings of monuments. With this law, Joan's famous permission to make replicas came to an end.
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The other technique requires the paper to be wet and tamped into the engravings without a paste.Perkins, Dorothy. “stone rubbings, Chinese.” Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture.
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Most of the time he did not print his work with a press or use a brayer, but instead made hand rubbings after he had inked the printing block directly with a brush.
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Merle with her rice rubbing of Stela 1 at Bonampak, Mexico. Initially trained as an artist, Robertson pioneered the technique of taking rubbings from Maya monumental sculptures and inscriptions, making over 4,000 of these over a career spanning four decades (2,000 being monuments).Some 2,000 of these rubbings are archived at the Tulane University's Latin American Library in New Orleans; see Gidwitz (2002), Olivera (1998). In a 2003 interview Robertson estimated that she has made "probably about four thousand" (Barnhart 2003, p.4).
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Possibly her greatest contribution to posterity was her meticulous collection of rubbings of Celtic Christian crosses and Pictish symbol stones, made from c 1850 onwards. These rubbings include some of the earliest done at Wemyss Cave. As a woman Maclagan was disbarred from obtaining a fellowship of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and instead she was merely a Lady Associate as were Lady John Scott and Queen Victoria. She told friends she was an antiquarian before Queen Victoria was born.
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Meanwhile, the motorcyclist uses an alien artifact which begins to heal the wounds from his crash. Meanwhile, in Alberta, a downed spacecraft is being excavated under the direction of Josepho, the leader of a UFO cult. At the FBI, Doggett breaks into Skinner's office and steals the rubbings, along with an FBI personnel file belonging to Agent Robert Comer (Neal McDonough), the motorcyclist. Reyes reveals that Comer's rubbings do not match those from Africa, suggesting the existence of a second craft.
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Yablonsky, Linda. "Dona Nelson," Artforum, January 1994, Retrieved November 26, 2015.Smith, Roberta. "Testing Limits at the Corcoran," The New York Times, January 6, 1996, Arts, p. 11. Retrieved November 26, 2018. She also began employing unorthodox techniques that combined control and accident to "disrupt" her paintings, such as pouring latex enamel paint over gridded fields (the "12 Stations of the Subway" series, 1997–8), making charcoal rubbings of highly textured, existing paintings (her ghostly "Rubbings," 2002),Dona Nelson website.
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Kirkpatrick is the father of Washington Post digital photo editor Nick Kirkpatrick, radio host Alexander Kirkpatrick, and the stepfather of film maker and artist Mercedes Thurlbeck. He plays squash, collects grave rubbings, and rings church bells.
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Stone rubbings of Sixteen Arhats hang on both sides of the hall. In the center of the eaves of the hall is a plaque, on which there are the words "Mahavira Hall" written by calligrapher Huo Anrong ().
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In the spring of 2002, George Aizhonghua (“aizhoghu” means “love China”), an American of Chinese descent, comes to the town to buy some rubbings of the sculpture. He intends to bid ¥50000 for some rubbings,This has communication which would surprise everyone including the officials of the country. Gao, a senior museum official, leads George to see the sculpture, impressed by its beauty, George decides to buy one rubbing immediately. Yu refuses to provide George with a rubbing, citing China's laws prohibiting copies to be made of the sculpture.
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In 1925 Ernst established a studio at 22, rue Tourlaque. In 1925, Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage (see Surrealist techniques), which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images.Spies et al. 1991, p. 128.
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Florian Habicht has also made a film called Kaikohe Demolition, a loving look at the demolition derby in his hometown Kaikohe, and Rubbings from a Live Man, an intimate documentary about New Zealand actor, writer and director Warwick Broadhead.
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They contained 627 coin rubbings, allowing many of Court's coins to be identified. These had been bought by a coin collector, Alexander Cunningham, whose collection was acquired by the British Museum in 1888–94. Cunningham may also have owned the albums.
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Brass rubbing of a memorial showing the alliance of the Lindley and Palmes family, Otley Church, West Yorkshire Rubbing of the Thorntons' brass, Newcastle Cathedral (Newcastle upon Tyne) Brass rubbing was originally a largely British enthusiasm for reproducing onto paper monumental brasses – commemorative brass plaques found in churches, usually originally on the floor, from between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. The concept of recording textures of things is more generally called making a rubbing. What distinguishes rubbings from frottage is that rubbings are meant to reproduce the form of something being transferred, whereas frottage is usually only intended to use a general texture. Brass rubbings are created by laying a sheet of paper on top of a brass (actually called "latten" - an alloy of brass and nickel) and rubbing the paper with graphite, wax, or chalk, a process similar to rubbing a pencil over a piece of paper placed on top of a coin.
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The 15 stela with the Ritual, including the names of Cai Yong and Ma Midi, were placed on the southern side, while the 5 stela containing the Analects were on the eastern side. Scholars could then take rubbings, besides studying the texts.
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Jeffrey Spender is then purportedly killed by The Smoking Man.Meisler, pp. 147–156 Several months later, a metallic artifact with inscriptions is discovered on the beach of Côte d'Ivoire in Africa. After Mulder examines rubbings of the object, he falls into a dangerous coma.
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Males will frequently mark their territory with dung piles, urine, and rubbings on trees, and females will sometimes engage in these behaviors, as well. The territories of individuals usually overlap, with each animal claiming over , and females tend to have larger territories than males.
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Rubbings are generally represented in text by majuscules. Typically (but not always) there are no spaces or other white space between words. The modern transliteration may be given instead, or in addition, with brackets around reconstructed or missing text. All text comes from Internet resources.
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Joan and a companion were later allowed to make a few rubbings of Monuments at Tikal and she found that her sculptor's touch and eye were well suited for the craft. While practicing rubbings, Joan became intrigued by the idea of fashioning molds of the stones and creating replicas. It occurred to her that, as a sculptor, she could put her talents to good use and help preserve the nation's cultural treasures that were under constant threat due to exposure to the elements and theft. With the help of her husband's connections, Patten suggested to the government authorities that they make casts of the monuments to preserve and protect Maya sculpture.
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Using his background in print-making, in May and June 1990 Xu Bing and a team of art students and help from local residents began a monumental project: creating a rubbing from a section of the Great Wall at Jinshanling. In order to create the rubbings, Xu Bing used entirely traditional Chinese methods and materials for stone rubbing, including rice paper and ink. Measuring 32m x 15m, the resulting installation piece consists of 29 rubbings of different sections of the Great Wall. As in the case of many of his works, Xu Bing directly related his colossal piece, Ghosts Pounding the Wall, to the political situation in China.
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A Preliminary List of Publications Featuring Patten Casts and/or Rubbings Beachy, Debra 1978 Stalking the stele in deepest Guatemala. BFGToday, Volume 2, Number 4, July–August 1978, pp. 17–19. 1979 Adventure. People, 22 January, pp. 22–23. Hellmuth, Nicholas M. 1978 Tikal, Copan Travel Guide.
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Common rendering materials include rice paper, charcoal, wax, graphite or inksticks. Over time, the practice of stone rubbing can cause permanent damage to cultural monuments due to abrasion. For an artist, stone rubbings can become an entire body of creative work that is framed and displayed.
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Others were buried and overgrown, and a lightning strike later damaged a section of the wall. The committee has put out information brochures, compiled lists of those buried, put American flag holders next to the headstones of veterans, and promulgated regulations for the taking of stone rubbings.
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Book of rubbings of Kushan coins, by Claude Auguste Court, between 1827-1844. British Museum. Claude Auguste Court (24 September 1793 - January 1880) was a French soldier and mercenary. He was hired by Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab in 1827 to organize and train the artillery.
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The museum has a display area of 2,200 square meters. It has more than 15,000 pieces in its collections. Most are ancient paintings and calligraphy, ceramics, crafts, unearthed relics and revolution relics. It also possesses more than 70,000 books and documents, and over 20,000 rubbings of stone inscriptions.
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Although a distinct minority, there were others who took the discipline as seriously as Shen did. For instance, the official, historian, poet, and essayist Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) compiled an analytical catalogue of ancient rubbings on stone and bronze.Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China.
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The inscription drew significant attention from Japanese scholarship after the advent of this copy. Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office invited leading sinologists and historians to decode the text, later publishing their findings in Kaiyoroku 會餘録, volume 5 (1889). The first authentic rubbings of the full inscriptions were not made until 1887 according to one researcher. It was after the authentic "rubbings" (rather than "tracings") became available that Chinese scholars started studying the earnest, and the first scholarly paper produced by the Chinese was Wang Chih-hsiu (王志修; Wang Zhixiu), Kao-chü-li Yung-lo t'ai-wang ku pei k'ao (高句麗永樂太王古碑攷 1895).
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At a residency at Yaddo artists’ retreat at Saratoga Springs in the spring of 1953, Dienes made a large number of monoprints by taking rubbings from textured surfaces using a printmaker’s brayer. Back in New York in the summer of 1953 she began taking rubbings of the sidewalks, subway gratings and other urban features on very large sheets of paper or Webril. As she told The Village Voice in 1956: ‘About 5 o’clock on Sunday mornings is the best time because there aren’t as many hecklers, and traffic is light. I take those big sheets of paper that photographers use but I have to keep a firm hold or they blow away.
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The museum contains a variety of objects, models, pictures and audio-visual displays. These exhibitions provide the visitor with an overview of life, labour and leisure in this ancient fortified city, centre of pilgrimage and capital of the Prince Bishops of Durham. The museum also features a centre for making brass rubbings.
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The Research Center for Buddhist Art was established in April 1980 for the collection, organization, and storage of books, replicas, rubbings, photographs, and other archival and research materials related to Buddhist art. The Center's library and photographic archives have been open to the public since May 1989, primarily as a resource for researchers.
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The government of Jujuy reaffirmed its ownership of the statues of Mora, so that Congress signed a treaty for the restoration of the original and creating two copies of each work by a 3D mapping, which began in January 2013. the original had suffered deterioration caused by hundred years of outdoor exposure, so it must be kept in a closed and adequate space, while one group of rubbings will be placed in its place in the Government House of Jujuy, and the other set of rubbings will be placed in the original spaces of the National Congress. On 1 March 2014 replicas of the statues were inaugurated by President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner at the opening of the regular session.
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This was never accomplished. The tablets were interpreted by many people and many theories were posited, but to no avail. They were eventually lost during the latter part of Niven's life, during their attempted shipment from Mexico to the U.S. The only remaining evidence is the rubbings that were taken from the actual tablets.
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Collections highlights include the print oeuvre of English print maker and portrait painter Gerald Brockhurst. Other artist highlights from this collection include William Blake, Eugène Delacroix, Albrecht Dürer, William Hogarth, John Sloan, and James Abbott McNeill Whistler. The Tagore Collection was donated by Dr. Abanindranath Tagore in 1989. It contains calligraphy, rubbings, and scrolls.
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There are advantages to using relief to make maps. For one, a printmaker doesn't need a press because the maps could be developed as rubbings. Woodblock is durable enough to be used many times before defects appear. Existing printing presses can be used to create the prints rather than having to create a new one.
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The story of Jin Midi. Wu Liang shrines, Jiaxiang, Shandong province, China. 2nd century AD. Ink rubbings of stone- carved reliefs as represented in Feng Yunpeng and Feng Yunyuan, Jinshi suo (1824 edition), n.p. Early in Emperor Zhao's reign, Huo, Jin and Shangguan served as co-regents, with the key decisions being made by Huo.
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Despite its condition, this is the best preserved of the Honolulu tablets. Side a has eleven lines, of which nine with some 150 glyphs are visible, out of an original somewhere around 400. Side b is illegible. Fischer (1997) made pencil rubbings of this side, but the results were too faint to be legible.
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Diwangshaoyun Tu is 1.83 meters high and 1 meter wide. In the upper part, it lists the ancient kings’ lineage clearly by diagram. In the bottom part, there is a 550-word comment. Besides the four great steles of the Song Dynasty, Suzhou Confucian Temple also holds more than 3000 stone inscriptions and about ten thousand rubbings.
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The recto of Tablet E Keiti Rongorongo (; Rapa Nui: ) is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be writing or proto-writing. Text E of the rongorongo corpus, also known as Keiti, is one of two dozen known rongorongo texts, though it survives only in photographs and rubbings.
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Since Yin Dynasty, it became popular to engrave words on stone to make them spread further and longer, but not calligraphy. Since Tang Dynasty, people began to save the beauty of calligraphy on the stone. So rubbing calligraphy was popular in that time. Before the development of new technology, calligraphy can only be learned by using stone rubbings.
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Sari Dienes (8 October 1898 – 25 May 1992) was a Hungarian-born American artist. During a career spanning six decades she worked in a wide range of media, creating paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures, ceramics, textile designs, sets and costumes for theatre and dance, sound-art installations, mixed-media environments, music and performance art. Her large-scale 'Sidewalk Rubbings' of 1953–55 - bold, graphic, geometrical compositions, combining rubbings of manhole covers, subway gratings and other elements of the urban streetscape - signaled a move away from the gestural mark making of Abstract Expressionism towards the indexical appropriation of the environment that would be further developed in Pop art, and exerted a significant influence on Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns.Johns cited in: Edward M. Plunkett, 'Send Letters, Postcards, Drawings, and Objects...', Art Journal, vol.
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The Mao Gong ding was excavated in Qishan County, Shaanxi province in 1843, during the Daoguang Emperor's reign.Chinese Art Treasures, 1961 The famous collector Chen Jieqi (1813-1884) acquired it in 1852. He and his studio made precise rubbings of the inscriptions. World Digital Library, Library of Congress In Emperor Xuantong era (1909-1911) Duanfang (1861-1911) bought it from the Chen family.
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At a cemetery, Brayden's girlfriend, Abbey, doubles over with abdominal pain while creating gravestone rubbings for her artwork. Later at a dinner party, Abbey collapses in the bathroom after a miscarriage. Following emergency surgery, Abbey overhears Brayden and Devin talking about the loss of the pregnancy. She flees her hospital room to walk home and is violently struck in a hit and run.
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The ink covers the paper without sinking into the engravings. When the paper is peeled off, the calligraphy engravings come out white, while everything else is black from the ink. More commonly, people use butcher paper to create stone rubbings. The butcher paper is usually taped on to the stone or grave, which contains the inscription desired, with either masking or paint tape.
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Carbon rubbings were taken and reduced to an A4 size sheet. They were then scanned and sent for translation by colleagues in Singapore (c/- Dr Kenson Kwok, Museum of Asian Civilization). Chen Jiazi and Regine Aw rendered the translations in "Hanyu Pinyin" romanisation. Nine markers date from 1914 to 1918. The final marker commemorates the death of No Wood on 23/6/1924.
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Whenever it was possible he worked from tracings, rubbings, etc. It is claimed that he was the first to introduce the lead-lines in representations of painted glass. There is a characteristic portrait of him by W. Bond, from a painting by George Francis Joseph, A.R.A., dated 4 June 1810. Fowler, though a member of the Church of England, was also a ‘class-leader’ among the Methodists.
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She believed an academic examination of all such sites would reveal a message, through the archaeological 'language' needed for such examination. The findings of her investigations included rubbings from hundreds of archaeological specimens of various sites and were published at her own expense. She carried out an excavation on the Mither Tap of Bennachie. Some of her theories were considered eccentric to her contemporaries.
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The design of The Three Soldiers was copyrighted by Hart and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund. Reproductions were sold on many pieces of memorabilia, including t-shirts, keychains, and snowglobes. Hart donated his share of the profits to a non-profit which provides name rubbings to families of veterans. A replica of the sculpture was created and dedicated on July 12, 2008, in Apalachicola, Florida.
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At the age of sixteen, he was apprenticed for four years, as a compositor, to the printer in Interlaken, also taking classes in woodcuts and drawing at the in Bern under , followed by employment as a compositor at Gebr. Fretz in Zürich, Switzerland. In 1949 he transferred to the Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich, where he studied under , and until 1951. Students there studied monumental inscriptions from Roman forum rubbings.
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In 1903 Liu published the first collection of 1,058 oracle bone rubbings entitled Tieyun Zanggui (鐵雲藏龜,Tie Yun's [i.e., Liu E] Repository of Turtles) that helped launch the study of oracle bone inscriptions as a distinct branch of Chinese epigraphy.Creamer, Thomas B. I. (1992), "Lexicography and the history of the Chinese language", in History, Languages, and Lexicographers, ed. by Ladislav Zgusta, Niemeyer, p. 108.
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The story of Jin Midi. Wu Liang shrine, Jiaxiang, Shandong province, China. 2nd century AD. Ink rubbings of stone-carved reliefs as represented in Feng Yunpeng and Feng Yunyuan, Jinshi suo (1824 edition), n.p. Jin Midi (134–86 BC) (, courtesy name Wengshu (翁叔), formally Marquess Jing of Du (秺敬侯), was a prominent official of the Chinese Han Dynasty of Xiongnu ethnicity.
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Glover's class worked with the local Flat Rock community and the Greater Atlanta Historical Society (GAAS) to clear the overgrowth from the cemetery. After the clearing, students documented the graves using standardized forms, digital cameras, and some stone rubbings. The graves were then mapped using a total station to create accurate GPS points within the cemetery. The project documented 202 graves total and of those 107 were unidentified fieldstones.
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The Fossil Butte National Monument Visitor Center features over 80 fossils and fossil casts on exhibit, including fish, a crocodile, turtle, bats, birds, insects and plants. A 13-minute video is shown about the fossils found at the site and what scientists have learned. Interactive exhibits let visitors create fossil rubbings to take home, and a computer program discusses fossils, geology and the current natural history of the monument.
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It was damaged in the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake during the Ming dynasty. In 1936, famous Chinese calligrapher Yu Youren donated his entire collection of more than three hundred rubbings from steles to the Xian Forest of Stele Museum.The Modern Sage of Cursive Script: Yu Youren and his world of calligraphy It became a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in 1961 and thus survived the Cultural Revolution.
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Printing in East Asia evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tables in China during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 CE).Suarez, Michael F. Woudhuysen, S. J., H. R. The Book: A Global History, OUP Oxford, 2013: 574–576.Tsuen-Hsuin, Tsien. Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing, Cambridge University Press 1985: 2, 5–10.
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Christian Maclagan (1811-10 May 1901) was a Scottish antiquarian and early archaeologist. She is known for her collection of rubbings of Celtic crosses and Pictish stones from across Scotland, and was a pioneer of stratigraphic excavation. Although she lost the use of her right hand due to a medical condition she nevertheless produced numerous drawings, sketches and paintings with her left hand. She took action to help those affected by poverty in Stirling.
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Gilda Snowden's works are predominately abstracts that utilize vivid color. The city of Detroit sparked several bodies of work. Her Flora Urbana series features abstracted floral forms, in encaustic, inspired by the gardens now tended by Detroit citizens on plots where buildings once stood. City Album: Department of Railways 1929 is an example from a series of charcoal rubbings she made of the Detroit manhole covers she discovered riding though the city on her bicycle.
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Many times she had the added advantage of making a rubbing while looking at another cast of the same monument. The end result produced features that were telegraphed onto the cloth surface with crisp, well defined lines. The finished work often looked more like a painting or a batik than a traditional rubbing. The corpus of Patten rubbings number approximately nine hundred prints and range from single glyphic blocks to full altars and stelae.
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After Rubbings from a Live Man, Campbell produced a short film directed by Dan Salmon, Licked. Campbell produced season 1 and 2 of Jane Campion's 2013/2017 television miniseries Top of the Lake, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Top of the Lake won an Emmy Award, two Golden Globes, and a New Zealand Film Award. Campbell has consulted to screen production development workshops in New Zealand, Australia, India, and Italy.
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The house is in the Dharug region and there is extensive evidence of Aboriginal occupation on the site. Large numbers of axe and spear rubbings are present on exposed rocks and archaeologists estimate that the site had been used for about 2000 years. Artefacts are common and a fine stone axe was found within 30m of the house in late 1986. A "canoe" tree is still growing about 100m from the house.
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2nd century AD. Ink rubbings of stone-carved reliefs as represented in Feng Yunpeng and Feng Yunyuan, Jinshi suo (1824 edition), n.p. By 88 BC, Emperor Wu had become seriously ill. With Prince Ju dead, there was no clear heir. Liu Dan, the Prince of Yan, was Emperor Wu's oldest surviving son, but Emperor Wu considered both him and his younger brother Liu Xu, the Prince of Guangling, to be unsuitable, since neither respected laws.
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Later acquisitions by the British Museum included Davy's "Collection of Epigrams", British Library, Add MS 19245; "Cat. of Library", Add MS 19247; "Commonplace Book", Add MS 19246; a letter from Davy to Joseph Hunter, Add MS 24867, folio 372; Add MS 32570, folios 204–5 (to John Mitford in 1851), and Add MS 32483–32484, "Rubbings of Brasses" by Davy. An index to "Suffolk Monumental Inscriptions" in the Davy collection (1866) forms Add MS 29761.
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In ancient times, famous calligraphy was carved in stone. Later, people made rubbings of the stone on paper so that they could copy and learn the famous calligraphy. The emperor of Liang Dynasty, Xiao Yan, made a rubbing of one thousand characters from the famous calligrapher Wang Xizhi, and made sentences and paragraphs for the one thousand characters, which became known as the Thousand Character Classic. Later the Thousand Character Classic became a systematic copybook.
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Lockhart was particularly interested in collecting and studying Chinese coins, and he produced several publications on numismatics. He also made a thorough study of Chinese art and literature, and formed a large collection of paintings, ink rubbings and decorative arts, some of which was displayed in 1928.Johnston, "Obituary". The collection was donated by his daughter, Betty Joel, to his alma mater, George Watson's College, and is currently on a long-term loan to the National Museum of Scotland.
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Merle Greene Robertson (August 30, 1913 - April 22, 2011Zender and Skidmore (2011)) was an American artist, art historian, archaeologist, lecturer and Mayanist researcher, renowned for her extensive work towards the investigation and preservation of the art, iconography, and writing of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Central America.Doyle (2000), Zender and Skidmore (2011) She is most famous for her rubbings of Maya carved stelae, sculpture, and carved stone, particularly at the Maya sites of Tikal and Palenque.
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In many cases these rubbings have preserved features of the artworks which have since deteriorated or even disappeared, through the actions of the environment or looters. This method was first used by the ancient Chinese but Merle further developed and refined the process. She developed two techniques using two different forms of ink on rice paper. The type of ink that was chosen was based on the environmental conditions and the nature of the item being recorded.
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The academy consists of Changgang Campus and University Town Campus and occupies an area of 564 mu (92.9 acres) and the floor space totals 362,500 square meters. The library contains art books, journals, replicas, rubbings of ancient bronze and stone carvings, and rare thread-bound Chinese books. It has a collection of more than 400,000 books, 157,000 electronic books, and 15 databases. The school has three galleries totalling 2,000 meters and a sculpture exhibition occupying 1,015 square meters.
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Later she threatened to resign the title since the society read her papers in her absence without her having the opportunity to respond. She could not formally publish with the Society and required a man to publish her work under his name. As a result of this, it has been supposed, she sent her rubbings to the British Museum. She remained a Lady Associate however until the time of her death around the age of 92.
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Meanwhile, Scully is forced to take drastic measures when she discovers a threat to William. "Provenance" introduced the character of the Toothpick Man, played by Alan Dale. This character became the leader of the New Syndicate and worked within the FBI during the show's ninth season. The episode makes reference to rubbings from an alien wreck, a direct continuation from the plots of the sixth season finale "Biogenesis" and the seventh season opener "The Sixth Extinction".
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The museum includes a variety of activities and multi-media experiences to educate visitors, including computerized games about trading, writing contests, crayon rubbings, videos, speeches, films, and virtual tours, One recent addition to the Learning Center and Money Museum is the documentary titled "The Panic of 1907" which details how the panic led to the creation of the Federal Reserve System. This film was produced by Joseph G. Haubrich and the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
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Dienes’ rubbings technique was well suited to surface printing techniques and in the 1950s she enjoyed a successful career as a textile designer, producing designs for L. Anton Maix Fabrics, the Associated American Artists Galleries and Jack Lenor Larsen. Her designs Tree Saw and Circles, the latter created by the imprint of egg cartons, were included in the exhibition Design by the Yard: Textile Printing from 800 to 1956 at the Cooper Union in New York in 1956.
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The Cambridge Antiquarian Society is a society dedicated to study and preservation of the archaeology, history, and architecture of Cambridgeshire, England. The society was founded in 1840. Its collections are housed in the Haddon Library on Downing Street in Cambridge, Cambridge University's Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, and the Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies. Collections include archaeological publications, books, and periodicals, over 8,000 photographs, nearly 3,000 lantern slides, over 350 watercolours, and rubbings of monumental brasses.
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45-47 After the Napoleonic era, some former soldiers of Napoleon left France as mercenaries in Asian countries. One of them Jean-François Allard, became the leader of the European officer corps in the Punjab, in the Maharaja Ranjit Singh's service. Sikh art and literature by Kerry Brown p. 43 Another mercenary of Ranjit Singh, Claude Auguste Court was an early student of Kushan coinage, whose coin–rubbings books are on display at the British Museum.
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Westwood in later life In 1839 Westwood married Eliza Richardson (d. 1882), who accompanied him on all his archæological tours, and who assisted in making sketches and rubbings of the inscribed stones for his ‘Lapidarium Walliæ.’ Westwood was a Fellow of the Linnean Society (elected 1827) and president of the Entomological Society of London (1852–1853). He received the Royal Society's medal, based on recommendations from many including Darwin, in 1855 for his work on insects.
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Side a has two areas of text: a single 22-glyph line, with a separate pair of glyphs slightly above and 4 cm to the right of this (on the other side of the label). Fischer reports that on side b pencil rubbings reveal possible traces of an inscription at the edge of the burnt area. ;Fischer ::609px ::Side a, as traced by Fischer. On the tablet, the pair of glyphs is completely separate from the main line.
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In 2018, her rubbings of Taíno petroglyphs like ones found in the town of Jayuya in the mid-1950s were selected by artist Jorge González for inclusion in his installation titled Ayacavo Guarocoel, shown at the Whitney Museum of American Art. For a 1960 study, "A Preliminary Report on Petroglyphs in Puerto Rico," Frassetto made sixty surface prints at 13 sites in Puerto Rico. Frassetto's 1960 study of the Cueva del Indio site was a noted example of documentation.
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He was killed by Kol Tegin as a part of coup against Inäl Qaγan in 716.Takashi Osawa - Revisiting the Ongi inscription of Mongolia from the Second Turkic Qaghanate on the basis of rubbings by G. J. Ramstedt; Journal de la Société Finno- Ougrienne (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja); 2011; pp. 183 He was succeeded by his son Bilgä Išbara Tamγan Tarqan as he submitted to Bilgä Qaγan. His son ordered Ongi Inscription to be erected in his honour.
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She earned her Master's of Fine Arts from the University of Guanajuato, where she studied watercolors, oils, photography, and mural painting from one of Mexico's top artists, James Pinto. After completing her MFA, Merle began working on the Tikal Project with the University of Pennsylvania in 1961. She spent three summers drawing the architecture of the Central Acropolis. She also started her famous rubbings at this time, making the art form a way to document and preserve the information on Maya relief sculptures.
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Watt was born in Aberdeen, Scotland on 14 July 1862. He was taught at Aberdeen Grammar School in 1875 until he was articled in October 1879 to the city architect William Smith and his son John, who had formed a partnership as W & J Smith. Whilst there he embarked on measured drawings and rubbings at Dunblane Cathedral and King's College Chapel. These earned him an award which enabled him to embark on a study tour of Belgium and Germany in May–June 1886.
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The gallery holds some spectacular exhibits such as a reconstruction of an Imperial Palace building from Beijing's Forbidden City and a Ming-era tomb complex. It also holds ink rubbings from Ming-era steles originally located by a synagogue in Kaifeng. A Buddhist reliquary sarira casket at the Gallery of Korea, the only permanent gallery of Korean art in Canada. The Gallery of Korea is the only permanent gallery of Korean art in Canada, showcasing approximately 260 items from the Korean peninsula.
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In an age before the copier and the personal computer, he accumulated an archive comprising some 200,000 photographs, 800 rubbings (mostly of petroglyphs), 18,000 pages of correspondence in multiple languages, and a bibliography of 5670 titles filed by alphabet (Chinese, Cyrillic, Latin)—all meticulously cross-referenced. Schuster did not live to see his work completed. He died suddenly of cancer in 1969. The task fell to a friend, the anthropologist Dr. Edmund Carpenter, who agreed to write and publish his findings.
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Beeson attended City of Oxford High School for Boys, where his best friend was T. E. Lawrence (better remembered today as Lawrence of Arabia). Lawrence called him by his nickname of "Scroggs". At the age of 15 Beeson and Lawrence bicycled around Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, visited almost every village's parish church, studied their monuments and antiquities and made rubbings of their monumental brasses. The two schoolboys monitored building sites in Oxford and presented their finds to the Ashmolean Museum.
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When China Guardian was first established in 1993, it focused primarily on the Mainland Chinese market until it decided to expand to Hong Kong in 2012. The Chinese artwork regularly sold by China Guardian includes Chinese paintings, calligraphy, porcelain, furniture, sculptures, rare books, rubbings, jewellery and watches. Approximately 60% of China Guardian's sales are in the categories of ink painting and calligraphy. China Guardian insists that it does not purchase and resell art works; instead China Guardian generates its revenue solely from commission fees on transactions.
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In 1997, with the first general restoration of facades, representatives of the Government of Buenos Aires promoted the recovery of the statues designed by Lola Mora to crown the entrance to Congress. As the sculptor had personally donated to the government of province of Jujuy, the only thing possible was to make rubbings to place in Buenos Aires. However, at that time the idea did not materialize. Only in 2012, with the new Master Plan, the initiative gained momentum again and began to take shape.
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The episode received a Nielsen household rating of 5.5 and was watched by 5.8 million households and 9.7 million viewers. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The show centers on special agents of the FBI who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files; this season focuses on the investigations of John Doggett (Robert Patrick), Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson). In this episode, when rubbings from the spaceship resurface the FBI hides its investigation from the X-Files.
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The Hán-Nôm Institute stores manuscripts dating from approximately 14th century to 1945. There are 20,000 ancient books among all the collections, most of them are in Nôm script (including the Nôm of Kinh, Nùng and Yao) and traditional Chinese characters. Besides, the Institute also has 15,000 woodblocks and 40,000 rubbings from stele, bronze bells, chime stones and wooden plates, the history of which can be traced back to 10th to 20th century. About 50% of the Institute's collections are Vietnamese works of literature.
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Hilda Mary Isabel Urlin was born in Dublin in 1871, the youngest of five daughters of an English couple long resident in Ireland, (Richard) Denny Urlin and Mary Elizabeth (née Addis) Urlin. When Petrie was four years old her family moved back to London and she was educated by a governess along with other children of similar age. As she grew older she often went on bicycling expeditions with her friend Beatrice Orme. Together, they explored the countryside, visiting and sketching ancient churches, and making brass rubbings.
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Teacher Yu is forced to create a rubbing for George, using an ancient and precious method that he was taught in his youth by the curator of the museum, Xu. Soon, Gao and other officials start asking the museum to make more rubbings in order to sell them. Yu is unable to protect the sculpture and is deeply distressed. On a rainy evening, he makes his son hide the sculpture in the well. The next morning, Qiang and Zhao see that the sculpture is not there and call the police.
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A pair of examples of chiseled signatures (mei) on the tangs of a katana (top); and tachi (bottom). The mei is the signature inscribed on to the tang of the Japanese sword. Fake signatures ("gimei") are common not only due to centuries of forgeries but potentially misleading ones that acknowledge prominent smiths and guilds, and those commissioned to a separate signer. Sword scholars collect and study oshigata, or paper tang-rubbings, taken from a blade: to identify the mei, the hilt is removed and the sword is held point side up.
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The dismissal of her views could be due to sexist attitudes of her era, or due to the anthropological comments Maclagan would make alongside her archaeological studies. At least one author criticized her work despite, presumably because of her Christian name, mistaking her for a man. One of her primary interests were in the brochs of Scotland and she also was one of the pioneers of stratigraphic excavation. She devised a special method for taking rubbings from sculptured stones; the exact details of how this was done were kept secret.
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Stahl's own prints were made from rubbings of early American gravestones and featured many classical motifs. In addition to making paper silkscreen prints, she experimented with cotton textile productions, the results of which were presented to the annual meeting of the American Gravestone Society in early 1987. Later Jean-Charles de Castelbajac, an avant- garde Parisian designer purchased these textiles for his collection, commenting, “You Americans are so preoccupied with finality.” Stahl's fascination with West African arts extended to textiles, principally the syncretic, profane, and whimsical motifs featured in wax print cottons.
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She also wrote a series of articles about music in China, published in Magasin Pittoresque in 1885. She died in the same year, leaving a son born in 1892. Later in his career, Devéria turned his attention to the study of the languages and epigraphic inscriptions left behind by the Jurchens and Tanguts. He made rubbings of the polyglot inscriptions at the Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass, which he provided to Prince Roland Napoléon Bonaparte who published them in his Documents de l'époque Mongole des XIII et XIV siècles (1895).
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Rather than manually carving an individual block to print a single page, movable type printing allowed for the quick assembly of a page of text. Furthermore, these new, more compact type fonts could be reused and stored. The set of wafer-like metal stamp types could be assembled to form pages, inked, and page impressions taken from rubbings on cloth or paper. In 1322, a Fenghua county officer Ma Chengde (馬称德) in Zhejiang, made 100,000 wooden movable types and printed the 43-volume Daxue Yanyi (《大學衍義》).
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During his imprisonment, Honda stated to have been treated well and was even befriended by the locals and temple monks, who offered him to stay permanently but Honda respectfully refused in favor of finding his wife and children. As a parting gift, the locals gave Honda rubbings of Chinese proverbs, imprinted from stone carvings of sacred temples. Honda would later write these verses in the back of his screenplays. During his final tour, Honda escaped death near Hankou when a mortar shell landed before him but did not detonate.
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In 2007, Campbell produced Jonathan King's comic-horror film Black Sheep, an audience favourite at the Toronto International Film Festival. Black Sheep is the second-highest grossing New Zealand film in the UK, and the highest grossing New Zealand horror film in New Zealand. Following Black Sheep, Campbell was included in Variety magazine’s “10 Producers to Watch” list for 2007. In 2008, Campbell produced Florian Habicht’s documentary Rubbings From a Live Man, performed by Warwick Broadhead, which was nominated for Best Picture (budget under $1 million) at the 2008 Qantas Film and Television Awards.
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In 2008, he completed Rubbings from a Live Man, a documentary performed by its subject, theatre practitioner and artist Warwick Broadhead. The film was produced by Philippa Campbell (Top of the Lake, Rain) In 2009 Habicht was the recipient of the inaugural Harriet Friedlander New York Artist Residency. During his stay in New York City he filmed and performed in Love Story, which premiered at the opening night of the New Zealand International Film Festival in 2011. Love Story won Best Film, Best Director and Best editor at the New Zealand Film Awards that year.
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The building is of simple design, unpretentious and attractively > rustic, the tower dates from the early 14th century, and is one of only 22 > Suffolk towers which form porches. The interior is graced with a number of > fittings and memorials dating from its earliest days, including the 15th > century rood screen with paintings of saints and others, all of which were > mutilated by tudor reformers or later by puritans in the 1640s, a rood loft > staircase set into the thickness of the outer wall, brass rubbings, and > wooden pews.
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In the early phase of her career, Stuart drew inspiration from recently released photographs of the surface of the moon and saw parallels between her early rubbings and these lunar landscapes. This body of luminous monochromatic drawings brought land art into the gallery. During this time, Stuart investigated other means of addressing specific sites through her landworks or, as she terms them, "drawings in the landscape". In Niagara Gorge Path Relocated (1975), the artist situated a 460-foot scroll of paper cascading down a large bank of the Niagara River Gorge at Art Park.
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In the early 70s, she began to create the Rock Book series, artworks that in their use of natural materials from specific sites might be considered alternative travel logs. These works take the form of tattered, bound journals made of earth rubbings. For example, in Homage to the Owl from Four Corners (1985), earth, owl feathers, string and beeswax are brought together to form a book. Stuart has published artists' books, including The Fall (1976), a book-length prose poem about keeping historical records and Butterflies and Moths (2006).
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They dodge pursuit by boating to Loshan down the Min, past the Three Gorges and over Five Misery Rapids, past the Leshan Giant Buddha. They then travel back to Ch'ang-an, past the village where Moon Boy was raised, resulting in some unusual scenes. Grief of Dawn's odd manners and knowledge, part peasant, part courtier are remarked on by Master Li. The samples show no traces of anything beyond natural decay. They make a visit to Serpentine Park, where Master Li cleverly obtains rubbings of the Confucian Stones.
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This is the last form of Isaac's art and has very distinct peculiarities. The air which pervades his composition is warm and sunny, yet mellow and hazy, as if the sky were veiled with a vapour coloured by moor smoke. The trees are rubbings of umber, in which the prominent foliage is tipped with touches hardened in a liquid state by amber varnish mediums. The same principle applied to details such as glazed bricks or rents in the mud lining of cottages gives an unreal and conventional stamp to them.
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In 1992, Liesegang relocated to New York City, switched from acrylic to oil painting and explored the diptych narrative format. In the aftermath of 9/11, Liesegang moved to Amsterdam where he began his foray into printmaking. Tombstone rubbings, often taken from the floors of some of Europe's oldest cathedrals and transferred into the screen printing process, inspired the artist to also incorporate the visual structure of illuminated manuscripts into his print work. While in Amsterdam, Liesegang and film-maker Catharina Ooijens created Orka Fine Arts in 2004.
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Other inscriptions are brought in in support of it. A few inscriptions are coin legends. The inscriptions for the most part come from the relevant volume of the IG. These volumes typically include rubbings, which are then represented by capital letters, or majuscules, which in those times were the only graphemes available to the ancient Greeks. The small letters, or minuscules, were not invented until the Middle Ages; that is, an ancient Greek would not have been able to read the Greek so familiar to those who read it today.
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He printed the work on tissue-thin Japanese paper and the multiple proofs of gray and black could be arranged on top of one another, each transparency of colour showing through to produce a rich, chiaroscuro effect.Figura, Childs, Foster & Mosier (2014), 30 In 1899 he started his radical experiment: oil transfer drawings. Much like his watercolour monotype technique, it was a hybrid of drawing and printmaking. The transfers were the grand culmination of his quest for an aesthetic of primordial suggestion, which seems to be relayed in his results that echo ancient rubbings, worn frescos and cave paintings.
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He suggested that the fallen pillar had been re-erected at the time of the Buddhist Pala dynasty, in the 11th or 12th century. The existence of the stone pillar itself was already known before the discovery: it had already been reported to Vincent A. Smith by a local landowner named Duncan Ricketts, around twelve years before (circa 1884). Rubbings of the Medieval inscriptions on top of the pillar had been sent by Ricketts, but they were thought of no great consequence. Führer has also heard about the pillar in 1895, while he was investigating the nearby Nigali-Sagar pillar.
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The set of wafer-like metal stamp types could be assembled to form pages, inked, and page impressions taken from rubbings on cloth or paper. In 1322, a Fenghua county officer Ma Chengde (马称德) in Zhejiang, made 100,000 wooded movable types and printed 43 volume Daxue Yanyi (《大学衍义》). Wooden movable types were used continually in China. Even as late as 1733, a 2300-volume Wuying Palace Collected Gems Edition (《武英殿聚珍版丛书》) was printed with 253500 wooden movable type on order of the Yongzheng Emperor, and completed in one year.
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In addition to its general collections, which provide millions of print resources in the fields of humanities, social sciences, natural and applied sciences, the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library also is home to many special collections. The library houses the Louisiana Research Collections, the William Ransom Hogan Jazz Archive, the Southeastern Architectural Archive, and University Archives. In addition, the Latin American Library at the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library is among the world's foremost library collections for Latin American Studies, containing rare books, manuscripts, maps, images, and rubbings of Mayan stelae, as well as a large circulating collection.
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In Grave Matters (Reaktion, 2002), Taylor and Dietrich Christian Lammerts collaborated on a book featuring Lammerts's photographs of the graves of one hundred and fifty modern writers, theologians, philosophers, artists and architects. In 2003, Taylor expanded this project beyond the format of the book to create an exhibition at the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, which included not only the photographs but also sculpture and video art. In 2006, Taylor published Mystic Bones, featuring forty of Taylor's own photographs of deer, cattle and elk bones, accompanied by aphorisms and an essay, "Rubbings of Reality," on the place of deserts in the imagination.
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Reviewing an exhibition of Dienes' work at Gump's Gallery in San Francisco in 1957, noted critic Alfred Frankenstein described her rubbings as follows: 'A circular saw and various spiky forms lead to a sunflower as eloquent as any of Van Gogh's, but most of the pictures are not as specifically representational as that. Manhole covers, perforated steel plates, boards, sidewalk grilles and other surfaces have been drawn upon for a series of designs laying stress on the movement of rectilinear and circular forms and on exquisitely sensitive resonances of color and tone.Alfred Frankenstein, San Francisco Chronicle, 1957.
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When she discovered photographs of manhole covers in an art history book, Mastrangelo realized that she had found the perfect theme. Using manhole cover rubbings and photos for reference, Mastrangelo developed a technique for creating trompe l’oeil relief works called "Grate Works" The realistic street and sidewalk scenes using manhole covers or water covers have been created in many media: collagraph prints on handmade paper, fiber art, foam relief works, assemblages and installations. Named by news reporters as Cover Girl or The Grate Lady, Mastrangelo continues to create art work for exhibitions, solo shows and commissions.
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Famous among these is the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris, France, which continues to invite tourists to visit and see elaborate memorials not only to the world famous, but to lesser known individuals as well. Cemetery records have also been a way of verifying genealogical data. Making gravestone rubbings was in practice for centuries as a way of providing this documentation and appreciating the carvings on the tombstones. Among genealogists, scouring cemeteries looking for the graves of dead ancestors is a common and longstanding practice with individuals often relying on limited and outdated information to find burial sites.
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Wang Xizhi (王羲之) (303 - 361) was a Chinese calligrapher, traditionally referred to as the "Sage of Calligraphy" (書聖). His most famous work is the "Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion" (), the preface of a collection of poems written by a number of poets when gathering at Lanting near the town of Shaoxing for the Spring Purification Festival. The original is lost, but there are a number of fine tracing copies and rubbings. ;後之視今，亦由今之視昔。 :Hòu zhī shì jīn, yì yóu jīn zhī shì xí.
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The discovery soon attracted the attention Chinese, Korean and Japanese scholars, the third often supplemented by Japanese spies travelling incognito to spy the region's fortifications and natural layout, prescient of a future of increased international rivalry. Initially only rubbings of sporadic individual letters could be made, due to the overgrowth. In order to uncover the entire inscription, the county magistrate in 1882 ordered the vegetation to be burnt off, causing damage to the stele's surface. Almost every inch of the stele's four sides were found to be covered with Chinese characters (nearly 1800 in total), each about the size of a grown man's hand.
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But rubbed copies could not initially be made due to the irregular surface and other factors, so that the early batch of copied inscriptions were actually "tracings" rather than "rubbings". In 1883 a young Japanese officer named (or "Sakao Kagenobu") traveling disguised as a civilian kanpo (Chinese medicine) herbalist while gathering intelligence in Manchuria. While in Liaoning he apparently heard of the stele's recent discovery, traveled to Ji'an sometime during April ~ July 1883, and procured a "tracing" of the stele's inscriptions to carry back to his homeland.; citing Chinese Geography, "Manchuria section" (『支那地誌』「満州之部」) compiled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office.
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He painted the Annunciation of the Brunswick Museum: angels, appearing in the sky to Dutch boors half-asleep amidst their cattle, sheep and dogs in front of a cottage, recall at once the similar subject by Rembrandt, who effectively lighted the principal groups by rays propelled to earth from a murky sky. Ostade, however, did not succeed here in giving dramatic force and expression; his shepherds were without much emotion, passion or surprise. His picture was an effect of light, and masterly as such, in its sketchy rubbings of dark brown tone relieved by strongly impasted lights, but without the very qualities which made his usual subjects attractive.
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Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German (naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958) painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottage—a technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images—and grattage, an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages.
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People would come up and ask what was going on, and she would talk as she continued to work, in the middle of the street.’Jasper Johns, quoted in: Barbaralee Diamonstein Spielvogel, Inside the Art World: Conversations with Barbaralee Diamonstein (New York: Rizzoli, 1994), reprinted in Kirk Varnedoe (ed.), Jasper Johns: Writings, Sketchbook Notes, Interviews (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1996), p. 294. Dienes’ ‘Sidewalk Rubbings’ were featured in solo exhibitions at the Betty Parsons Gallery in April–May 1954 and November–December 1955, in the windows of the New York department store Bonwit Teller in July 1955, and at the Contemporaries Gallery in New York in 1959.
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This method used woodblocks to resemble a Chinese technique of ink rubbings of inscribed stone slabs, and was employed by Jakuchū in a number of works, including a scroll entitled "Impromptu Pleasures Afloat" (乗興舟, Jōkyōshū), depicting a journey down the Yodo River. Despite his individualism and involvement in the scholarly and artistic community of Kyoto, Jakuchū was always strongly religious, and retired towards the end of his life to Sekihō-ji, a Manpuku-ji branch temple on the southern outskirts of Kyoto. There, he gathered a number of followers, and continued to paint until his death at the age of eighty- five.
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Dodd’s use of the monumental painting format refers to the gendered history of lyrical abstraction and action painting. Her debut New York solo exhibition at the project space No5A in 2013, The Studio Before 54, consisted of three large- scale paintings produced from the rubbings of various dry minerals, including graphite and iron glimmer. Listed materials also included “the souls of the shoes of Nanette Lepore, Margiela, Clergerie, a half calf cowboy boot, a no name mule, a foot with foss mud.” Throughout her work, Dodd uses both “traditional pigments and those opportunity presents her,” such as SCOBYs, onion skins, avocado pits, tulips, and yew berries.
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CAFA‘s Library has a long history. As one of the largest professional libraries in China with the richest collected art books, it has made a collection of 360,000 books and paintings of variety kinds, whose special collection includes wood block New Year pictures, string-bound ancient books with illustrations, rubbings from stone- engraved portraits of Han Dynasty, tablets of various dynasties and the first hand copies from engraved seals, etc., and art books and top quality prints of original artworks published in Europe, America and Japan as well. The library has set up reading rooms for art books, social science books and magazines and multi-media reading, which are open or half open to readers.
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The Griffith Institute Archive is home to an important and unique set of Egyptology resources. Built upon Griffith's original collection of manuscripts and excavation records, it contains and preserves early copies of inscriptions, drawings, watercolours, old negatives, photographs, squeezes, and rubbings. Among some seventy major groups of material the Institute holds the papers of Sir Alan H. Gardiner, Battiscombe Gunn and Jaroslav Černý, records made by Howard Carter during his discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, as well as the documentation from the Nubian expeditions of Griffith and Sir Henry Wellcome. The Institute edits and publishes two major research projects, the Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs and Paintings, and the Online Egyptological Bibliography (OEB).
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Toronto Subway is used at all stations built from 2002 onwards—such as Line 4 Sheppard and the Toronto–York Spadina Subway Extension—as well as on all stops and stations along the rebuilt 512 St. Clair streetcar line, with the exception of the transfer terminal at station. The font was recreated by David Vereschagin in 2004. Because the original designer of the font is unknown, and no documentation of the font had been kept, Vereschagin digitized the font by visiting stations and making rubbings of the letters on the original Vitrolite glass tiles as well as taking photographs. This is now used by the TTC as their font for station names.
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He believed that early in the history of the world there existed a continent which was called Mu. This civilization, according to Churchward and many others, was very technologically advanced but was destroyed due to natural disaster. After viewing rubbings of Niven's tablets Churchward strongly believed that there were a group of people that escaped destruction and migrated to other parts of the world spreading their culture and belief system. He believed that the symbols and markings found on the tablets had roots in the ancient culture of Mu. This furthered speculation that the tablets were a hoax. Niven spent the good part of his life selling the tablets and trying to find out their origin and meaning.
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The position of the clitoris may alternatively permit GG-rubbings, which has been hypothesized to function as a means for female bonobos to evaluate their intrasocial relationships. Group of bonobos Bonobo males engage in various forms of male–male genital behavior. The most common form of male–male mounting is similar to that of a heterosexual mounting: one of the males sits "passively on his back [with] the other male thrusting on him", with the penises rubbing together due to both males' erections. In another, rarer form of genital rubbing, which is the non- human analogue of frotting, engaged in by some human males, two bonobo males hang from a tree limb face-to-face while penis fencing.
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It unclear why exactly these symbols started being added in large quantities during the Eastern Han dynasty and later but the first Chinese charms and amulets started emulating their design. Some of these early Wu Zhu coins also had the precursors to the "flower" or "rosette" holes found on later cash coins as such coins were discussed in an article in the 1987 (7th issue) of the Chinese periodical "Shaanxi Finance" (陝西金融, shǎn xī jīn róng) which shows rubbings of several Wu Zhu cash coins with unusual center holes found in a hoard.Fang, Alex Chengyu - Chinese Charms: Art, Religion and Folk Belief (2008)Cribb, Joseph - Chinese Coin Shaped Charms (1986).
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Franks then studied at Trinity College, Cambridge. As undergraduate he began his collection of brass rubbings, ultimately given to the Society of Antiquaries; was one of the founders of the Cambridge Architectural Society and an early member of the 'Cambridge Antiquarical Society'; and was also one of the four student members of the Ray Club. On leaving Cambridge in 1849 Franks devoted his energies to the Royal Archæological Institute, then newly established, and laid the foundations of his knowledge of ancient and medieval art, in arranging its collections for annual congresses. In 1850 he was secretary of the first exhibition of medieval art held in the rooms of the Society of Arts.
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This monumental work begins with introductory essays on the generally sacred role of mountains in Chinese history and culture, then examines the personality of Mt. Tai itself in great detail. Chavannes includes translations of dozens of relevant passages from ancient, medieval, and pre-modern Chinese literature, including comments and passages gathered by medieval scholars Zhu Xi and Gu Yanwu. His study also includes eleven translations from rubbings of stone inscriptions Chavannes made himself in temples he visited on and around Mt. Tai, as well as a detailed hand-drawn topographic map of the mountain that Chavannes drew himself. Chavannes' style in Le T'ai Chan, with his annotated translations, extensive commentary, and exhaustively researched sources was inspirational and influential to later French sinologists.
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Only a small number of dealers and collectors knew the location of the source of the oracle bones or visited it until they were found by Canadian missionary James Menzies, the first person to scientifically excavate, study, and decipher them. He was the first to conclude that the bones were records of divination from the Shang dynasty, and was the first to come up with a method of dating them (in order to avoid being fooled by fakes). In 1917 he published the first scientific study of the bones, including 2,369 drawings and inscriptions and thousands of ink rubbings. Through the donation of local people and his own archaeological excavations, he acquired the largest private collection in the world, over 35,000 pieces.
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During the early half of the Song dynasty (960–1279), the study of archaeology developed out of the antiquarian interests of the educated gentry and their desire to revive the use of ancient vessels in state rituals and ceremonies.Julius Thomas Fraser and Francis C. Haber, Time, Science, and Society in China and the West (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, , 1986), p. 227. This and the belief that ancient vessels were products of 'sages' and not common people was criticized by Shen Kuo, who discussed metallurgy, optics, astronomy, geometry, and ancient music measures in addition to archeology. His contemporary Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) compiled an analytical catalogue of ancient rubbings on stone and bronze.Patricia B. Ebrey, The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, ), p. 148.
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It was also in 1908 that he published his first book, a short history of church brasses. His collection of some 1500 brass rubbings is now in London's Victoria and Albert Museum. Replica Neolithic pit dwelling at Abbey Folk Park After the First World War he accumulated a significant private collection of antiques and when from 1927 onwards he began to form the "Confraternity of the Kingdom of Christ", together with his second wife Jessie, he would frequently return from a day in London with their car laden with numerous historical pieces for the collection. A thirteenth-century tithe barn, painstakingly taken down, transported in pieces and re-erected at Park Road, New Barnet, just outside London, was filled with priceless antiques and opened as a church in 1930.
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The History of Science Society "The Society: Past Presidents of the History of Science Society" , accessed 4 December 2013 Laufer died on September 13, 1934 after falling from the 8th floor fire escape of the Chicago Beach Hotel in Chicago, where he lived. He had been recovering from the removal of a tumor at the time, but his widow claimed he was in good spirits, and the Coroner's jury returned an undetermined verdict. From "Lasting Impressions: Chinese Rubbings from the Field Museum" Brochure (The Field Museum of Chicago): ::When Berthold Laufer came to The Field Museum in 1908, he was one of the few scholars in America who could speak and write the Chinese language fluently. He made the study of the Chinese language and culture his life's work.
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His early work was done in Staffordshire church history, much of which remained in manuscript, and for which he visited every church in the county to make recordings with brass rubbings and also notes of inscriptions that might be worn away by time. From this early work he moved on to become an archaeologist, interpreting the ground plans of Croxden Abbey near Uttoxeter, and of Hulton Abbey near Stoke-on-Trent. His first published paper was on Croxden in 1868 and thereafter he continued to write for archaeological journals, and was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1895. In 1865 he joined the North Staffordshire Field Club; he wrote many articles for the club, and was elected their President in 1874 and 1894.
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1401), and his wife Margaret, which formerly covered the tomb in St Mary's church, Warwick, is a striking example. One of the best specimens of plate armour is that of Sir Robert Stantoun (1458) in Castle Donington church, Leicestershire, and one of the finest existing brasses of ecclesiastics is that of Thomas de la Mare, Abbot of St Albans Abbey from 1349 to 1396. An interesting monumental brass of John Rudying dated 1481 in the Church of St Andrew in Biggleswade shows the figure of Death about to strike Archdeacon Rudying with a spear.Brass Monumental Brass of Death and John Rudying - Rubbings Collection - Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford All Saints' Church, Rotherham, later owners of Broom Hall, Sheffield It is only in the 16th century that the engraved representations become portraits.
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A different, and far humbler, small cross of gold foil, with rubbings of coins of Justin II and holes for nails or thread, Italian, 6th century The original portion of the cross, which is now mounted on a much later stand, is 15.75 inches high and 11.81 inches wide, excluding the spike at the bottom for fitting into its stand. The cross was restored in 2009; it has been altered and restored at several points in its history, including reducing its size. The front of the cross has no figurative images: in the centre is a medallion containing the relic, which is itself displayed as cross-shaped. The centres of the arms carry the inscriptions, and the edges of the arms jewels in set in gold, with four jewels hanging from the arms as pendilia.
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Ink rubbings of the 1489 stele (left) and 1512 stele (right) In The Kaifeng Stone Inscriptions: The Legacy of the Jewish Community in Ancient China, Tiberiu Weisz, a teacher of Hebrew history and Chinese religion, presents his own translations of the 1489, 1512, and 1663 stone stelae left by the Kaifeng Jews. Based on the new information gleaned from this translation, Weisz theorizes after the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BCE, disenchanted Levites and Kohanim parted with the Prophet Ezra and settled in Northwestern India. Sometime prior to 108 BCE, these Jews had migrated to Gansu province, China and were spotted by the Chinese general Li Guangli, who was sent to expand the borders of Han Dynasty China. Centuries later, the Jews were expelled from China proper during the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution (845–46), where they lived in the region of Ningxia.
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Kane (1989), p. 12 Most large script characters, however, cannot be directly related to any Chinese characters. The meaning of most of them remains unknown, but that of a few of them (numbers, symbols for some of the five elements and the twelve animals that the Khitans apparently used to designate years of the sexagenary cycle) has been established by analyzing dates in Khitan inscriptions.Kane (1989), p. 11-13 While there has long been controversy as to whether a particular monument belong to the large or small script,Kane (1989), pp. 6–7 there are several monuments (steles or fragments of stelae) that the specialists at least tentatively identify as written in the Khitan large script. However, one of the first inscriptions so identified (the Gu taishi mingshi ji epitaph, found in 1935) has been since lost, and the preserved rubbings of it are not very legible; moreover, some believe that this inscription was a forgery in the first place.
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The objects quickly became some of the most popular items offered for sale at Kelleher's Met Store. Among the most popular reproductions created by the Met Store and Kelleher was a likeness of a blue Egyptian hippopotamus figurine dating from between 1981 and 1885 B.C., that was dubbed "William"; (The museum's iconic blue hippo is now sold as a merchandise line, ranging from "William" puzzles and stuffed animals to pillows and magnets.) Under Kelleher, the Met began to use its reproduction line as a way to support struggling artists and artisans. For example, in 1959 the Met hired a Chinese refugee who set up a temporary art studio in the museum's basement creating traditional ink rubbings, which were then sold directly to visitors to the museum, and hiring an Italian potter who made reproductions of a Pennsylvania Dutch plate. Kelleher also supervised the building of reproduction workshops within the museum to ensure the quality of items sold at the Met Store.
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1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300 racing information at Racing Reference After more than two and a half hours of racing, Davey Allison would defeat the first winner of the annual event Ricky Rudd by a margin of one second after Rudd was black-flagged at the checkers for a previous contact with Allison in the race. Their intense rivalry at this racing event proved their expertise on road courses when most of the other NASCAR drivers in the 1990s were more concerned about racing on oval tracks and struggled to survive in places like Sonoma and Watkins Glen.NASCAR Flashback: 1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300, Rudd Vs. Allison at Rubbings Racing While Rudd was originally considered to be the winner since he finished first, NASCAR officials spotted a flagrant incident involving him and second-place driver Davey Allison. Rudd's tapping of Davey Allison at the White flag earned him a black-flag of 5 seconds added to his total time; enough to put Allison as the winner.
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Chavannes was major pioneer in the field of modern epigraphy, and was praised by Berthold Laufer as "the first European scholar who approached this difficult subject with sound and critical methods and undisputed success." His first epigraphical article, "Les Inscriptions des Ts'in" ("Qin Inscriptions"), was published in Journal Asiatique in 1893, which was followed later by a number of works in which Chavannes was the first Western scholar to successfully analyze and translate the unusual epigraphical style of the Mongol-ruled Yuan dynasty. Chavannes returned to China in 1907 to study ancient monuments and inscriptions, taking hundreds of photographs and rubbings that were published in 1909 in a large album entitled Mission archéologique dans la Chine septentrionale (Archaeological Mission to Northern China). He published two volumes of translations and analysis of the inscription material before his death: La Sculpture à l'époque des Han (Sculpture in the Han Era), published in 1913, and La Sculpture bouddhique (Buddhist Sculpture), published in 1915.
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Arthur M. Lowenthal Memorial Room The Cary Collection contains incunabula (books from the "cradle" of printing, before 1501) including books printed by Johann Fust & Peter Schoeffer, Nicolas Jenson, Erhard Ratdolt, and Aldus Manutius, and books printed during the 16th French "Golden Age" of typography include volumes from the presses of Simon de Colines and Henri Estienne. The collection includes 18th century type specimens by William Caslon and Pierre-Simon Fournier, and books printed by John Baskerville in England and Benjamin Franklin in America. Among the collection's 19th century type specimens is the two volume Manuale Typographica of Giambattista Bodoni, and numerous other 19th specimens from American and European typefounders. Hearkening back to ancient materials shaped by modern hands, the collection includes alphabet stones carved by Edward Catich, based on early Roman inscriptions, as well as Catich's rubbings (similar to tracings) of the Trajan Inscription in Rome of 113 A.D. A selection of the collection's holdings can be found on-line in its image collection.
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A Yongan Wuzhu (永安五銖) cash coin issued by the Northern Wei dynasty. The Northern Wei dynasty was a Xianbei ruled state under the Tuoba clan that adopted the administrative system of the Han Chinese and even established their capital city at Luoyang, a city which had been the capital city of various preceding Chinese dynasties and mandated that his people adopt both Chinese fashion and language. During this period Emperor Xiaowen ordered the issuance of the Taihe Wuzhu (太和五銖, tài hé wǔ zhū) as part of this Sinicisation process. There is one purported version of the Taihe Wuzhu which has the Chinese character "Tai" (太) written in a calligraphic style akin to that of the "Tai" on the Taihuo Liuzhu (太貨六銖, tài huò liù zhū) cash coin issued by the Chen dynasty. However, as the only evidence relating to the existence of this cash coin comes from rubbings in old coin catalogues it is speculated that or actually isn’t real.
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Set up in the early 1960s, Museum of Central Academy of Fine Arts, formerly CAFA Gallery when it was located at Xiaowei Hutong in downtown Beijings Wangfujing Street, always focuses on the collection of artworks and has a rich collection of some 13,000 works which cover a wide variety of genres and styles, including representative works by ancient and modern Chinese masters as well as fine student works since the incorporation of the foundation of the Academy in 1950, across the categories of Chinese painting, oil painting, print, sculpture and folk art such as New Year picture, embroidery and minority ethnic costume and objects, along with Chinese relics of bronze, pottery, engravings and rubbings. Designed by Arata Isozaki, a renowned Japanese architect, the new museum of CAFA is a building of 14,777 square meters on a land of 3,546 square meters, with four floors above ground and two floors underground. The museum was put into use in September 2008, together with the collection warehouse, permanent and temporary exhibition halls, as well as supporting facilities including artist studios, lecture and conference rooms and cafeteria and bookstore.
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Kao Pan Yu Shi (考槃余事, Desultory Remarks on Furnishing the Abode of the Retired Scholar; also called Art of Refined Living or Pastimes Most Entertaining) is a 1590 compendium on the art of living by Ming dynasty author Tu Long([屠隆). Desultory Remarks has fifteen treatises: # Calligraphy and books # Rubbings # Paintings # Paper # Ink # Brushes # Inkstones # zither) # Incense # Tea # Potted plants # Fish and birds # Mountain studio # Necessities of life and dress # Utensils of the studio Art historian Craig Clunas suggests that the Desultory Remarks is essentially a compendium on the art of living gathered from various other existing sources, such as Gao Lian's Eight Treatises on the Nurturing of Life, (for which Tu Long wrote a preface). Whether or not this is the case, Tu Long's discourses certainly had greater immediate recognition and influence; they were much more widely cited in later collections, and were a primary source for Wen Zhenheng's Treatise of Superfluous Things.Clunas is following the argument of Weng Tongwen, see Superfluous Things: Material Culture and Social Status in Early Modern China, University of Hawaii Press 2004, , pp. 29-30.
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This is the only known specimen of this type of coin and it was sold at auction in the year 2011 for the equivalent of $334,103 (or 2,070,000 yuan). Among those who had the chance to admire this silver Ban Liang cash coin during the life of Ma Dingxiang were some other famous and notable Chinese numismatists of the time, including Luo Bozhao (), Sun Ding (), and Li Weixian (). Guan Hanheng () wrote in his book Ban Liang Huobi Tu Shuo (), after carefully examining the known photographs and rubbings of this unique silver Ban Liang cash coin, that this specimen has clearly been buried for around two millennia due to the oxidation and present on the cash coin as well as some minor cracks on its reverse which he claims cannot have been artificially added. Furthermore, Guan Henheng adds that despite the production of the Ban Liang cash coins having persisted into the early Han dynasty, he notes that because of the way that it has been cast that it must have been created during the Warring States period because the specimen only has a single sprue and would have been cast using a two-piece mould.
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