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210 Sentences With "roundhouses"

How to use roundhouses in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "roundhouses" and check conjugation/comparative form for "roundhouses". Mastering all the usages of "roundhouses" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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When his roundhouses missed their mark, so did his title ambitions.
Illustration: Vicki Herring, Cambridge Archaeological UnitMust Farm was built at some point between 1100 and 800 BC, and it consisted of several roundhouses propped up on wooden stilts above a small river in a wetland environment.
Accounts of the fight differ, but what is certain is that in the flurry of blows, Howe connected with what the N.H.L. website described as "one of the most famous roundhouses" in league history, flattening Fontinato's nose.
If the guts of a steam locomotive were interesting, then he'd insert himself into the depths of roundhouses and sidle up next to the hostlers in order to record the oily intricacies of valve gear and side rods.
The field that slopes down to the river behind the shipping depot might look like an untouched strip of land, but it was something else once — a church, a mill, the encampment of a Roman legion — and before that, it was something else again, a clutter of roundhouses where people dug for peat and lived in fear of terrifying gods.
The site physically demonstrates a former age of locomotive servicing that no longer occurs. The Broadmeadow number 2 roundhouse is relatively rare in NSW. Although a number of roundhouses were built throughout the state, only seven roundhouses (or part roundhouses) are extant, and the Broadmeadow number 2 roundhouse and turntable are one of the largest remaining in NSW.
Some of these roundhouses survive, either as stores converted into dwellings.
As such, steam locomotive servicing facilities incorporating engine sheds or roundhouses, were established at approximately 145 sites in the state. It is estimated that approximately 120 engine sheds were built in the state and in addition, that 25 roundhouse were also built, all these buildings being part of locomotive servicing arrangements. Only seven roundhouses (or part roundhouses) are extant. The Broadmeadow # 2 roundhouse and turntable are one of the largest remaining.
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland undertook a project to reexamine the Atlantic roundhouses of the Tarbat Peninsula, Easter Ross by taking kite photographs of the sites, surveys, and excavation led by archaeologists. The reconstructions show spherical enclosures famous for the roundhouses with early Iron Age turf and timber roundhouse.
Modern roundhouses are being built such as the one at Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage near Rutledge, Missouri, built of cob.
Roundhouses are still in use in Papua New Guinea and are very similar to the ones built in western Europe.
By the year 2002, only four engine sheds remain in the state, and nine roundhouses (or part roundhouses) are extant. The Junee roundhouse is assessed as being a rare and endangered example of the state's historical and cultural environment. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. The basic shape and form of railway roundhouses are similar - a circular or part circular building containing railway tracks arranges radially (fan shaped) around a centrally placed turntable.
The survey also discovered curved features that probably indicate the presence of roundhouses. They were grouped close to the ramparts on the north, west, and south sides. There are signs of post-medieval quarrying outside the main entrance to the fort. Outside the hillfort were more curved anomalies, suggesting roundhouses in a settlement beyond the ramparts.
Since the great dieselisation era of the 1940s and 1950s, many roundhouses have been demolished or put to other uses, but a few still stand and remain in use on the railroads. Early roundhouses were too small for later locomotives. The unusual shape of the buildings can make them difficult to adapt to new uses, but can also be aesthetically appealing.
Crannogs, or roundhouses, each built on artificial islands, date from the Bronze Age,N. Dixon The Crannogs of Scotland: An Underwater Archaeology (Stroud: Tempus, 2004), .
There are ring ditch houses in the area, dating to the Bronze age, somewhere in the range of 1600 - 700 BCE. The scheduled monument roundhouses are located near the A96 road, to the west of the River Don. They are not directly visible, but instead show through cropmarks visible from the air. Two further roundhouses were likely demolished by the creation of the A96.
The roundhouse at Chattanooga Railroad in Atlanta, Georgia Several of the historic roundhouses in the United States are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
Attached to the station was a large depot south of the tracks with two roundhouses. While one roundhouse was demolished in 1974-1977, the other still exists.
98–104 and 246–250. From the Early and Middle Bronze Age we have evidence of the occupation of crannogs, roundhouses partially or entirely built on an artificial island, usually in lakes, rivers and estuarine waters.N. Dixon The Crannogs of Scotland: An Underwater Archaeology (Stroud: Tempus, 2004), . The peoples of early Iron Age Scotland, particularly in the north and west, lived in substantial stone buildings called Atlantic roundhouses.
Railway Locomotive Roundhouses – Broadmeadow, Casino, Cowra, Goulburn, Junee, Muswellbrook, Parkes Temora, Werris Creek. – Volume 1 Report prepared for SRA of NSW by Don Godden & Associates Pty Ltd August 1989.
The archaeological discoveries of the area came about due to a proposed housing development in about 2003. The roundhouses became scheduled monuments on 30 March 2009, under Historic Environment Scotland.
In the south and east there are earthen barrows, often linked to timber monuments of which only remnants remain. Related structures include bank barrows, cursus monuments, mortuary enclosures and timber halls. From the Bronze Age there are fewer new buildings, but there is evidence of crannogs, roundhouses built on an artificial islands and of Clava cairns and the first hillforts. From the Iron Age there is evidence of substantial stone Atlantic roundhouses, which include broch towers, smaller duns.
The other is the defensive earthworks known as hill forts, such as Maiden Castle and Cadbury Castle. Archaeological evidence suggests that British Iron Age domestic architecture had a tendency towards circular dwellings, known as roundhouses.
Bryn Eryr Farmstead, St Fagans National History Museum in 2016 Bryn Eryr is an archaeological site in Anglesey, Wales, where the remains of an Iron Age farmstead, consisting of three roundhouses, have been excavated. Excavations took place in the period between 1985 and 1987, and were carried out by the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust. Two of the roundhouses have been reconstructed at the St Fagans National Museum of History in Cardiff. Reconstruction of the buildings began in 2015 and was carried out mainly by volunteers, including schoolchildren.
Found in July 2015 by students from Bournemouth University as part of the Durotriges Big Dig project, the remains of 16 Iron Age roundhouses have been excavated while geophysical survey shows a total of at least 150 roundhouses and other features in the area. Excavations continued in 2016 and 2017. In the course of the 2016 excavation, discoveries were made that suggested "the elements of an urban system" existing before the Roman invasion, according to Russell. The 2017 dig targeted a putative Iron Age farmstead.
The year 2010 is the second year in the history of BAMMA, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United Kingdom. In 2010 BAMMA held 3 events beginning with, BAMMA 2: Roundhouses at the Roundhouse.
There was evidence that the site was occupied from the Mesolithic period, but most of the remains relate to the Iron Age. There are foundations of Iron Age roundhouses, of the 2nd century BC. The largest was in diameter: there are remains of a ring of seven or eight postholes and a central hearth. The building, one of the largest such roundhouses found in Cornwall, may have been a meeting place, rather than a dwelling. There is evidence of bronze and iron smelting: furnaces, ore roasting pits and 200 kg of iron slag were found.
The Southern Rotonde The Rotondes (Luxembourgish: Rotonden, French: Rotondes) are two railway roundhouses with a diameter of 52 meters and a height of 15 meters, built by the Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois (CFL), located in Bonnevoie, Luxembourg City.
Most brochs are unexcavated.Armit (2003) p. 51 notes that of 140 Atlantic roundhouses in the Outer Hebrides only 14 have been "at least partially excavated". The end of the broch building period seems to have come around AD 100–200.
In the early Iron Age, from the seventh century BCE, cellular houses begin to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a drystone construction. Important examples are at Quanterness, Bu, Pierowall, and Tofts Ness on Orkney, and at Clickimin in Shetland. From about 400 BCE more complex Atlantic roundhouses began to be built, as at Howe, Orkney and Crosskirk, Caithness.B. Cunliffe, Iron Age Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC until the Roman Conquest (New York, NY: Routledge, 2004), , p. 325.
View from inside the remains of the complex Atlantic roundhouse at Feranach, Sutherland In archaeology, an Atlantic roundhouse is an Iron Age stone building found in the northern and western parts of mainland Scotland, the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. Circular houses were the predominant architectural style of the British and Scottish landscape since second millennia BC (Early Bronze Age). Although many of these roundhouses have not survived, it is ascertained they were based on wattle-and daub walls with thatched conical roof. In 1970, archaeologist Chris Musson estimated that there were 200 certified roundhouses in Scotland and Britain.
As part of the Heather and Hillforts Project a topographic survey was commissioned, which took place between December 2006 and January 2007. The survey recorded the remains of 11 roundhouse platforms within the enclosure, concentrated on the eastern side. A geophysical survey followed in 2009, which identified more possible roundhouses, along with possible internal tracks and two potential rectangular structures. In 2010 an archaeological excavation identified two roundhouses of about diameter from different periods of occupation, and the results showed preservation of significant archaeological deposits in the interior of the hillfort, but also the fragile nature of the resource.
The Scottish Parliament Building at Holyrood designed by the Catalan architect Enric Miralles and opened in October 2004. The architecture of Scotland includes all human building within the modern borders of Scotland, from the Neolithic era to the present day. The earliest surviving houses go back around 9500 years, and the first villages 6000 years: Skara Brae on the Mainland of Orkney being the earliest preserved example in Europe. Crannogs, roundhouses, each built on an artificial island, date from the Bronze Age and stone buildings called Atlantic roundhouses and larger earthwork hill forts from the Iron Age.
One of the roundhouses at Saltley in 1946 Class 4F outside one of the roundhouses at Saltley in 1946 Saltley depot in 1984 Saltley station was the site of a large roundhouse motive power depot established by the Midland Railway in 1868. This was doubled in size in 1876, by the addition of a second roundhouse, and a third was added in 1900. The depot was re-roofed by British Railways in 1951, but closed on 6 March 1967 and was later demolished. The shed yard was used for stabling diesel locomotives until at least 1999.
The site consists of a group of ruinous drystone roundhouses and enclosures, thought to have been a sheep-farming community.Davis (1989), p. 15. The most certain example of a Roman site in the area is found above Blaenllechau in Ferndale.Davis (1989), p. 16.
A United Kingdom based archaeology group today estimates that there are over 4000 roundhouses. The first documented roundhouse was founded in the 3rd millennium BC in South- West Scotland. The Bronze Age people were known to adapt the leveled upland landscapes situated in hillsides.
The southwest gateway was given extra defences in the form of earthworks before being abandoned and filled in.Cunliffe (1983), p. 59. Also in this period, the southern part of the fort became populated with four- and six-post structures, probably granaries, replacing the earlier roundhouses.
It was the last depot in NSW to run regular steam train services. The extensive site contains a range of buildings and works that demonstrate the operation of the site and the changing technology from steam to diesel over a period of 80 years. In particular the roundhouses demonstrate the shift from the English model of using through houses for locomotive maintenance, to the American practice of using roundhouses. Although a number of elements of the depot have been removed the site is still able to demonstrate its significance under this criterion through the grouping of the turntables, 1948 roundhouse, cleaning depot, in and out roads, offices and accommodation.
The island contained around 130 roundhouses as well as huts of a rectangular shape. The rectangular houses were mostly arranged in rows end-on and surrounded by small courtyards.Lloyd Robert Laing (1975), The Archaeology of Late Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. 400-1200 AD, page 111.
Thousands moved to the area for jobs in the roundhouses, turntables and foundries. At its peak, 3,000 people worked in the railyards. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company eventually subsumed the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway. The village incorporated in 1873, and was named for governor William Dennison.
Crawford (2002) p. 113. Sometimes referred to as "aisled roundhouses" their characteristic features include an outer wall within which a circle of stone piers (bearing a resemblance to the spokes of a wheel) form the basis for lintel arches supporting corbelled roofing with a hearth at the hub.
Polygonal roundhouses also exist. A roundhouse may be of one, two or three storeys. The latter were most common amongst windmills in Suffolk, where the post mill reached its peak of design. A tall roundhouse raised the mill above the trees and enabled it to better catch the wind.
Maiden Castle was occupied throughout the Iron Age and its inhabitants lived in roundhouses. The later houses appear to be organised in rows, and to be roughly similar in size, a reorganisation which indicates the increasing power of the elites over Iron Age society.Sharples (1991a), pp. 90–93.
Another branch line and a larger shipping terminal at Curtis Bay was opened in 1884. Subsequently all coal traffic was routed to the new terminal. The B&O; built two larger roundhouses at Riverside in 1907 (totaling 50 stalls) and no longer used the Bailey's facilities for locomotive operations.
This would make them more difficult to differentiate from Iron Age roundhouses and would imply a continuation of local culture rather than an imposition of Roman style. It is also possible that Romans simply influenced the area, rather than actively occupying the site.Nevell & Redhead (2005), p. 33.Philpott (2006), p. 74.
Occupants lived in roundhouses, and habitation of the site was spread over a long period. In common with many other hill forts, the site was probably divided into separate areas for habitation, industry, and agricultural activities such as storage, although the layout of these areas changed over time.Nevell & Redhead (2005), pp. 29-30.
In the early Iron Age, from the seventh century BC, cellular houses began to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a dry stone construction. From about 400 BC, more complex Atlantic roundhouses began to be built, as at Howe, Orkney and Crosskirk, Caithness.Cunliffe, Iron Age Communities in Britain, p. 325. The most massive constructions that date from this era are the circular broch towers, probably dating from about 200 BC. This period also saw the first wheelhouses, a roundhouse with a characteristic outer wall, within which was a circle of stone piers (bearing a resemblance to the spokes of a wheel), but these would flourish most in the era of Roman occupation.
Similarly, the Midland was unusual among British railways by continuing to favour roundhouses to stable and service its locomotives instead of the more common longitudinal shed. While a shed could be relatively easy expanded and lengthened to accommodate larger locomotives, the roundhouses could not, further adding a secondary cost to adopting large engines. Another such factor was that decades of running light, short trains meant that the Midland's network featured shorter-than-average sidings and passing loops - if more powerful locomotives were to be procured and used to the full, these would have to be rebuilt to work with longer trains. The small engine policy served the Midland well when its network was confined to the English Midlands, which is largely free of steep gradients.
The ruins of Dun Carloway Iron Age broch In the early Iron Age, from the seventh century BCE, cellular houses begin to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a drystone construction. Important examples are at Quanterness, Bu, Pierowall, and Tofts Ness on Orkney, and at Clickimin in Shetland. From about 400 BC more complex Atlantic roundhouses began to be built, as at Howe, Orkney and Crosskirk, Caithness.B. Cunliffe, Iron Age Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC until the Roman Conquest (New York, NY: Routledge, 2004), , p. 325. The most massive constructions that date from this era are the circular broch towers, probably dating from about 200 BCE.
The Elements of Railroad Engineering, 5th Edition, 1937, William G. Raymond. Published by John Wiley and Sons, New York Shops or workshops are buildings containing hoists and heavy machinery capable of major repairs beyond routine servicing.Steam Works, 1994, Derek Huntriss. Published by Ian Allan Some roundhouses include shop facilities internally or in adjoining buildings.
Contemporary houses were one-room stone structures, or two- storey square houses, or roundhouses of sandstone with basalt foundations. Villas were generally two to four storeys tall and built on sprawling rectangular plans (cf. Dungur ruins). A good example of still-standing Aksumite architecture is the monastery of Debre Damo from the 6th century.
Two large post-built roundhouses were found, both with long porches, one with an entrance to the south-east, the other to the north-west. A third post-built structure contained a hearth-pit, which had been filled with fire-cracked stones and charcoal. It is hoped that radiocarbon dating will enable more precise phasing of the structures.
Much of the earlier supposition was confirmed or denied at a stroke by the finding of a set of Bronze Age roundhouses at the archaeological dig at Must Farm in Cambridgeshire, UK, where samples of all the materials, from posts to walls, to roof were all found, collapsed and charred, but still in situ after 3 000 years.
The depot east of the passenger station was significantly reduced in scope after the switch from steam to diesel traction. The two roundhouses with 45 stalls were demolished. In the late 1960s, the depot was the location of 95 diesel locomotives, including 20 railbuses and 20 shunting locomotives. In 1950, 55 steam locomotives had been located in Kempten.
Some open trestle post mills had a roundhouse added later, for example Drinkstone, Suffolk c.1830. Other mills were built with a roundhouse from new. Single storey roundhouses had two doors directly opposite each other to give safe access and egress whichever way the wind was blowing from. A roundhouse is usually, but not always round.
Knockdhu () is a Bronze Age promontory fort and settlement situated approximately one mile to the west of Cairncastle. The site consists of a set of three banks and ditches, Bronze Age roundhouses, and a probable gatehouse. It was excavated for the first time in 2008 for a Time Team episode that was first broadcast on 18 January 2009.
Britannia Monograph Series No. 5 More detailed evidence for Late Iron Age occupation was excavated below the Forum-Basilica. Several roundhouses, wells and pits occupy a north-east - south-west alignment, dated to c. 25 BC - 15 BC. Subsequent occupation, dated to c. 15 BC - AD 40/50, consisted of metalled streets, rubbish pits and palisaded enclosures.
Princeton was designated to be the headquarters of the New River Division, extending from Roanoke westward. Roundhouses, vital for servicing the new steam locomotives, were established at Sewell's Point, Victoria, Roanoke, and Page. Princeton became site of the VGN's major shops and yards. Throughout its lifetime, the largest number of Virginian Railway employees were concentrated at Princeton.
Cambria Farm is the site of a Bronze, Iron Age, Roman rural settlement, between Ruishton and Taunton, Somerset, England. A survey of the site was carried by Context One in 2007 out prior to the construction of a Park and ride close to Junction 25 of the M5 motorway. In early 2009 further exploration and excavation was carried out. It uncovered Bronze Age burnt mounds, Middle Bronze Age and Late Iron Age roundhouses, and a field system established in the late Iron Age that remained in use until the 3rd or 4th century AD. The evidence of human occupation was dated as between 1500 BC to 400 AD. The buildings included three possible rectilinear post-built structures and at least five roundhouses, one of which was in diameter.
That Roundhouse, constructed in 1997 New designs of roundhouse are again being built in Britain and elsewhere. In the UK straw bale construction or cordwood walls with reciprocal frame green roofs are used. There is one manufacturer of contemporary Roundhouses in Cheshire, England, using modern materials and engineering to bring the circular floorplan back for modern living. A modern-day roundhouse – one of many constructed by a UK firm "Rotunda Roundhouses" attempting to revive the ancient form of architecture and make it more compatible with contemporary living A modern-day Round Garden Building built by Imagiine That Roundhouse is an early example of a modern roundhouse dwelling which was built in Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales without planning permission as part of the Brithdir Mawr village which was discovered by the authorities in 1998.
In the ancient and medieval era, most Gaels lived in roundhouses and ringforts. The Gaels had their own style of dress, which became the modern belted plaid and kilt in Scotland. They also have their own extensive Gaelic literature, style of music and dances (Irish dancing and Highland dancing), social gatherings (Feis and Ceilidh), and their own sports (Gaelic games and Highland games).
There were differences in design of roundhouse buildings, mainly associated with roof shape, numbers of roads enclosed, location of windows and construction materials. Demolition and removal of many roundhouses (16) and most engine sheds has resulted in the loss of many features of these railway buildings. Junee roundhouse represents a class of industrial building which has almost disappeared from the state.
They also found evidence of refortifiction in the Iron Age, from the period before Roman occupation (around 43 AD). In 1981, a neolithic axe-head made from greensand chert was found. There is further evidence from aerial photographs of cropmarks and post holes, possibly from roundhouses. The site is next to Norton Manor Camp, home of 40 Commando, Royal Marines.
Devices were necessary in order to craft items, such as tools and weapons. Furnaces, workbenches, and kilns were examples of devices implemented during the last stages of the game. Structures were basically buildings that could serve as housing, storage areas, and advanced crafting workshops. Buildable player-made structures aside from guild halls included roundhouses, animal pens, arenas, workshops, and horreas.
Some examples of this style had whitewashed exteriors and/or interiors, such as the medieval 12th-century monastery of Yemrehanna Krestos, which was built in Aksumite style. Contemporary houses were one-room stone structures, two- storey square houses, or roundhouses of sandstone with basalt foundations. Villas were generally two-to-four storeys tall and had sprawling rectangular plans (cf. Dungur ruins).
A coach yard was located west of Spadina Avenue. The Spadina Roundhouse and the Canadian Pacific Railway John Street Roundhouse, now the home of the Steam Whistle brewery, were two of hundreds of roundhouses in North America in the 1930s. The Spadina Roundhouse was demolished in 1986, and the SkyDome, presently known as the Rogers Centre, has been built in its place.
Grimspound on Dartmoor, a late Bronze Age settlement Hut circles are particularly numerous on Dartmoor where there are an estimated 5,000, one of the best known sites being Grimspound. It is exceptionally well preserved owing to its solid stone construction, the numerous hut circles being enclosed by a stone wall. It dates to the Late Bronze Age.The Roundhouses of Dartmoor at www.legendarydartmoor.co.uk.
The Iron Age marked the beginning of Celtic cultural influence. Large hill forts appeared on hill summits and smaller promontory forts along the coastal cliffs, whilst large timber-framed roundhouses were built. It is likely that the first Celts to inhabit the Island were Brythonic tribes from mainland Britain. The secular history of the Isle of Man during the Brythonic period remains mysterious.
The Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot has state heritage significance. Broadmeadow Depot was the main servicing hub for steam locomotives in the northern part of NSW during this time, having replaced Hamilton Depot in this function, and was the last depot in NSW to run regular steam train services. The extensive site contains a range of buildings and works that demonstrate the operation of the site and the changing technology from steam to diesel over a period of 80 years. In particular the roundhouses demonstrate the shift after 1890 from the English model of using through- houses for locomotive maintenance, to the American practice of using roundhouses. Although a number of elements of the depot have been removed, the site is still able to demonstrate its significance through the grouping of the turntables, 1951-52 roundhouse, in and out roads and District Engineer's office.
The traditional round Zarma hut near Niamey, Niger. The Zarma villages traditionally consist of walled off compounds where a family group called windi lives. Each compound has a head male and a compound may have several separate huts, each hut with the different wives of the head male. The huts are traditionally roundhouses, or circular shaped structures made of mud walls with a thatched straw conical roof.
Gaelic monasteries were renowned centres of learning and played a key role in developing Insular art, while Gaelic missionaries and scholars were highly influential in western Europe. In the Middle Ages, most Gaels lived in roundhouses and ringforts. The Gaels had their own style of dress, which (in Scotland) became the belted plaid and kilt. They also have distinctive music, dance, festivals, and sports.
Butser Ancient Farm is an archaeological open-air museum located near Petersfield in Hampshire, southern England. Butser features experimental reconstructions of prehistoric, Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon buildings. Examples of Neolithic dwellings, Iron Age roundhouses, a Romano-British villa and an early Saxon house are on display. The site is used as both a tourist attraction and a site for the undertaking of experimental archaeology.
Earliest evidence of habitation are still visible in Strathrusdale at the eastern end of the Strath, where there are a number of stone circles, which formed the base of Pictish roundhouses. Picts lived in the area until the 10th century, which was part of the Kingdom of Fortriu. After this period there was progressively more transition as Norse settlement began to increase in the area.
On the hill, over a hundred Iron Age roundhouses had been constructed, supporting a large local population.Hope-Taylor 1977. pp. 06–07. The tribal group in the area was, according to later written sources, a group known as the Votadini. In the 1st century CE, southern and central Britain was invaded by the forces of the Roman Empire, who took this area under their dominion.
136, pp. 89-110; The other broch claimed to be substantially older than the 1st century BC is Crosskirk in Caithness, but a recent review of the evidence suggests that it cannot plausibly be assigned a date earlier than the 1st centuries BC/AD.MacKie, E. W. (2007) The Roundhouses, Brochs and Wheelhouses of Atlantic Scotland c. 700 BC – AD 500: architecture and material culture.
The large 1980s Endeavour servicing centre sits between the roundhouses and the main rail lines and the car parking area for the centre has encroached on the radial roads of roundhouse #2 as well as some of the departure roads. Surviving buildings at the depot include Roundhouse No 2 (1951–52) and 105' Turntable # 2, (1951–52), the Former District Engineer's Office (1924), 75' Turntable # 1 (1924), the Diesel Refuelling Facility (1971) and additional modern sheds (1990s) ;Roundhouse No 2 (1951–52) and 105' Turntable # 2, (1951–52) The remaining roundhouse and turntable arrangement at Broadmeadow (No. 2 roundhouse) consists of 42 locomotive storage roads laid out in a fan-shape arrangement, radiating from a central turntable, which is a typical track arrangement for roundhouses. The roundhouse building is semi- circular in plan, providing cover over 21 radiating roads with the remaining roads plus the access/egress roads being uncovered.
The work revealed three roundhouses, several Iron Age ditches and a series of pits that were evidently graves. The latter came as a complete surprise and were found to date from the Anglo-Saxon period. Various artefacts dating to between 650 and 700 AD were excavated but no bones were recovered, as the acidic soil had destroyed any organic material long ago. Thirty graves were found during the initial excavation.
The fourth dimension was in management of the workforce, both blue-collar workers and white-collar workers. Railroading became a career in which young men entered at about age 18 to 20, and spent their entire lives usually with the same line. Young men could start working on the tracks, become a fireman, and work his way up the engineer. The mechanical world of the roundhouses have their own career tracks.
The building is among the oldest surviving railroad stations in the United States. The station has seen many historic events. In 1862, the hotel witnessed the destruction of the B&O; Roundhouses and shops by General Stonewall Jackson, and the following year General Robert E. Lee's army retreated through Martinsburg two blocks west following the Battle of Gettysburg. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877, the first national labor strike, began here.
Published on behalf of the Whittlesey Museum. In 1797, a local farmer noted in his diary, "They like drinking better than fighting in Whittlesea." Whittlesey was an important trade route in the late Bronze Age (about 1100–800 BC). Evidence for this was found at the archaeological site of Must Farm, where log boats, roundhouses, bowls with food in them, and the most complete wooden wheel were housed.
The Castro de Baroña is an Iron Age fortified settlement located in the parish of Baroña, a municipality of Porto do Son in the province of A Coruña (Galicia, Spain. GPS Co-ordinates: 42°41'41.40"N 9°1'57.10"W). The settlement, surrounded by two walls and containing twenty roundhouses that still remain today, was built on a peninsula and inhabited from the 1st Century BC to the 1st Century AD.
The park and Round House is used by local Native Americans as a ceremonial meeting place. Gathering Day, held the third Saturday of October, includes demonstrations of dancing, crafts and basket weaving. The Wassama Roundhouse is a reconstruction built in 1985 upon the location of four previous such houses. Originally dating prior to the 1860s, the roundhouses served as the focal point of spiritual and ceremonial life for many Native Californians.
Nythe is an anglicised version of nidum (nest) and a name applied to forts elsewhere, such as Neath in Wales. So far no evidence of this has come to light, though some ditches uncovered during excavation might possibly be those from a marching camp. With the military emphasis moving north the site was abandoned for at least twenty years before Britons resettled the place as shown by the remains of roundhouses dated to that time.
BAMMA held its first event in London on June 27, 2009. BAMMA 1: The Fighting Premiership was held in a tournament format, with two semi-finals taking place in the Lightweight, Welterweight and Middleweight divisions. The semi-final winners progressed to the final, which is to take place at a later date. Their next event, BAMMA 2: Roundhouses at the Roundhouse, was held at The Roundhouse and saw BAMMA's first champions crowned.
In the mountains, they breed camels, cows, and goats, while escaping in caves and settlements of roundhouses during the monsoons. Most Hobyot speakers along the coasts are multilingual, and often have some understanding of Mehri or Mehriyot, even if they are not fluent. Influence by either Jibbali, Mehri, or Mehriyot depends upon linguistic proximity. For example, Hobyot spoken in Yemen is closer to Mehriyot on the coast and Jibbali in the mountains.
The fourth dimension was in management of the workforce, both blue-collar workers and white-collar workers. Railroading became a career in which young men entered at about age 18 to 20, and spent their entire lives usually with the same line. Young men could start working on the tracks, become a fireman, and work his way up to the engineer. The mechanical world of the roundhouses have their own career tracks.
Another preservation technique used for timbers found at the site is freeze drying. A well-organised visitor centre, the Flag Fen Bronze and Iron Age Centre, has been constructed there with a museum and exhibitions. In the preservation hall one section of the timbers is preserved in situ and prevented from drying out by misting with water. Also at the site are reconstructions of two Bronze Age roundhouses and one from the Iron Age.
The branch had a rail yard and terminal that was used for shipping coal and bulk minerals, and later for grain and merchandise. A permanent station at Mount Clare was completed c. 1851. The railroad opened the larger Camden Station nearby in 1857, and expanded it in 1865. In 1875 new roundhouses were built at Bailey's (Ostend Street, near the site of the present-day M&T; Bank Stadium) and Riverside Yard on Locust Point.
Powell's brother Reverend Curtis (Lloyd Hughes) shows up and together they flee the police and head to Sparks headquarters; a boxing gym. The Police show up and to avoid suspicion Curtis poses as a boxer and knocks out the champion, Roundhouse. His jaw now broken Roundhouse can no longer participate in the upcoming boxing match which Sparks (John Wray) has bet Tony $4000 on. Sparks tells Curtis he is to take Roundhouses place.
North Uist has many prehistoric structures, including the chambered cairn, the stone circle, the standing stones, the islet of (which may be the earliest crannog site in Scotland), and the roundhouses, which were exposed by storms in January 2005. The Vikings arrived in the Hebrides in AD 800 and developed large settlements. The island is known for its bird life, including corncrakes, Arctic terns, gannets, corn buntings and Manx shearwaters. The RSPB has a nature reserve at Balranald.
Together they are the only known prehistoric mummies in the British Isles.BBC - History - The Mummies of Cladh Hallan Towards the end of the Bronze Age, the mummies were buried, and a row of roundhouses built on top of them. The remains of Dun Vulan Cladh Hallan was not abandoned until the late Iron Age. At around that time, in the 2nd century BC, a broch was built at Dun Vulan; archeological investigation suggests the inhabitants often ate pork.
In the Bronze Age there were cellular roundcrannogs (built on artificial islands) and hillforts that enclosed large settlements. In the Iron Age cellular houses begin to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a drystone construction. The largest constructions that date from this era are the circular brochs and duns and wheelhouses. After the First World War, the government responded to urban deprivation with a massive programme of council house building.
Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Chapter No. 4 – Station 2: Warminster, The Ancient History of Wiltshire, 1812. Later excavations and surveys adjacent to Battlesbury Camp hill fort in 1998 have also uncovered late Bronze Age to middle Iron Age settlement activity including for ditches, roundhouses, four-post structures and numerous pits. Some of the pits contained human burials, and other deposits of artefacts and animal bones which appear to have been formally placed.The megalithic portal website, 21 July 2002.
Within this building a fireplace, some earthenware artefacts and a hole for a post were found, indicating it could have been a forge. Set against the gate, there are other oval shaped structures with a hall and another that could have been a forge. Roundhouses on the top of the hill fort. The next section is separated by a retaining wall and is reached by some stairs, which are the best preserved of all Galician forts.
There was a Bronze Age or Iron Age settlement on the site. Evidence has been found suggesting pits and roundhouses, with remains of pottery and a cylindrical loom weight of a kind previously known only from East Anglia. The area was originally called Blackford Leys; blackford after the dark-coloured ford which crossed the southern branch of Northfield Brook at the entrance to Blackbird Leys farm. The ford would be located where Windale Avenue crosses Northfield Brook.
The hamlet was not incorporated as a village until 1926, making it the last of the town of Montgomery's three villages to be created. Its growth was spurred by the development of Maybrook Yard, an important railroad switching terminal where eastbound traffic from several railroads was funneled across the Poughkeepsie Bridge.abandonedrails.com At its peak, the yard employed over 1,500 workers. All yards, terminals and roundhouses have since been removed following the closing of the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974.
Railroad terminals also use features such as balloon loops and wyes (Commonwealth: triangle) to reverse the orientation of railroad equipment. Because of the advent of these practices, modern roundhouses are frequently not round and are simply large buildings used for servicing locomotives. Like much other railroad terminology, however, the structure has retained its traditional name. The alternative term engine-house encompasses both semi-circular and rectangular structures and broadly describes all buildings intended for storage and servicing of locomotives.
Winter shelters (tca) were hemispherical, with floors sunken a foot or so into the ground and walls woven of willow, thatched with thick grass, tules, or willow. These might house anywhere from one to five families. They also built small sweat houses (tca-ne), which also served as meeting places or warm winter quarters for men. The main villages had large meeting houses, or roundhouses, some of which could hold several hundred people for ceremonies and dances.
Early in its life the site consisted of a single ditch encompassing an area of about , with two gateways, one in the south-west and another in the east;Cunliffe (1983), pp. 54, 59. two more rings of ditches were added later. The north part of the fort was occupied by four-post structures, probably granaries, which were later replaced by storage pits, and in the south part, there were roundhouses in between granaries and storage pits.
British Railways added 40000 to their numbers. LMS 2-6-0+0-6-2 Garratt brings a long coal train up from Toton Yard to Brent Sidings (Cricklewood) The roundhouses at Toton MPD had to have extra length Garratt roads to accommodate them. Mostly used for heavy coal trains, they later found other uses as well. Others were allocated to Wellingborough (depot code 45A where 15 locomotives were located in the 1950s) and Hasland near Chesterfield.
Roundhouses at Dan yr Ogof Dinosaur exhibition at Dan yr Ogof The cave was first explored in 1912 by three local brothers, Edwin, Tommy and Jeff Morgan, using candles and primitive equipment. Completely unsure of what they would discover, they armed themselves with a revolver. Edwin was the first to enter, as he was the smallest of the Morgan brothers. Initial expedition was halted at a large lake, which they later managed to cross by coracle.
Local stonemasons and builders Barney Lantry & Son contracted with railroad companies for projects throughout the United States. In the beginning it built stone-work for certain phases of railroad construction, but later they did build complete railroads, grading, laying the track, building bridges, stations, roundhouses, and other division buildings.Strong City History. The first stone-crushers Kansas ever saw were brought to the state by the Lantrys and were operated on a very large scale at Strong City.
Ultimately union officials were more correct, with only 22 engineers out of 1,052 and 23 firemen out of 1,085 remaining on the job after the strike deadline, barely 2% of the company's enginemen. Strikers anticipated that the railroad could not function without them and anticipated a speedy settlement on favorable monetary terms, with some of them leaving personal belongings in the roundhouses after the strike deadline.McMurry, The Great Burlington Strike of 1888, pp. 75-76. In this they greatly miscalculated.
Roe 2007, pp. 2–4 Later examples of human habitation in the parish are numerous.Roe 2007, pp. 4–14 A number of early settlements around the village are listed as ancient monuments by the government agency Historic Environment Scotland. These include a number of Bronze or Iron Age hut circles and roundhouses that are believed to have formed lightly defended homesteads. While not listed, the homestead at Knapps is also mentioned by the agency as being believed to have a similar age.
Construction on the rail yard began in 1907. The B&O; began dismantling its rail yard at New Jersey Avenue NW and D Street NW, and began moving the equipment to Ivy City. The new rail yard, located about outside the Federal City limits, included two long roundhouses, each surrounded by 25 short tracks leading to train sheds where engines could be stores or worked on. Each shed had a pit below the track, allowing the engine to be worked on from below.
Much of this occurred when the branch to was built in 1894, when the up main platform was substantially altered, removing the original canopies. Wellingborough also had a large locomotive depot with two roundhouses; the first built 1868 and the second in 1872. One of the buildings still exists, next to the main station building. On 2 September 1898, the station was the scene of a serious rail accident, when a trolley ran off the platform in front of a Manchester express train.
On 15 February 1871, Neu-Ulm’s own depot (Bahnbetriebswerk Neu-Ulm) was opened with two roundhouses, a waterworks and a workshop. The servicing of locomotives of the Bavarian Maximilian and Neu-Ulm–Kempten railways, which was previously carried at a depot at Ulm station, was then transferred to Neu-Ulm. The repair of carriages was carried out in a long rectangular hall. On 27 June 1902, a new 18 metre and 120-ton turntable was commissioned to allow larger steam engines to run.
At Jarlshof these are oval houses with thick stone walls, which may have been partly subterranean at the earliest period of inhabitation, a technique that provided both structural stability and insulation.I. Armit, Towers in the North: The Brochs of Scotland (Stroud: Tempus, 2003), , p. 28. There is also evidence of the occupation of crannogs, roundhouses partially or entirely built on artificial islands, usually in lakes, rivers and estuarine waters.N. Dixon The Crannogs of Scotland: An Underwater Archaeology (Stroud: Tempus, 2004), .
From the Early and Middle Bronze Age there is evidence of cellular round houses of stone, as at Jarlshof and Sumburgh in Shetland.B. Cunliffe, Iron Age Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC Until the Roman Conquest (Routledge, 2004), p. 60. There is also evidence of the occupation of crannogs, roundhouses partially or entirely built on artificial islands, usually in lakes, rivers and estuarine waters.N. Dixon The Crannogs of Scotland: An Underwater Archaeology (Tempus, 2004).
Most date to the period 500–1000 CE and there is evidence of large-scale ringfort desertion at the end of the first millennium. The remains of between 30,000 and 40,000 lasted into the 19th century to be mapped by Ordnance Survey Ireland. Another kind of native dwelling was the crannóg, which were roundhouses built on artificial islands in lakes. There were very few nucleated settlements, but after the 5th century some monasteries became the heart of small "monastic towns".
Chesters Hill Fort is an Iron Age hill fort in East Lothian, Scotland. It lies south of Drem, east of Ballencrieff Castle, north of Haddington, and west of Athelstaneford. The name "Chesters" comes from Latin castra, a fortified place. This fortified village with its system of ramparts and ditches around a settlement of about twenty roundhouses is in the care of Historic Scotland, who describe it as "one of the best-preserved examples in Scotland of an Iron age fort".
Since his retirement, President Emeritus Dubroski has been an active member in his home state of New Jersey. In addition to servicing on the Clark Township Environmental Commission for almost 10 years, he has won the New Jersey State Governors Award twice. The first, was in 2018, for his environmental stewardship for railroads. Dubroski effectively campaigned and won the right to remove/eliminate the chemical Polychlorinated Biphenyls, better known as PCBs, from locomotive engines, roundhouses, and the soil that surrounds train yards.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Steam locomotives were the principal form of railway motive power in New South Wales for approximately 110 years (1855-1965). As such, steam locomotive servicing facilities incorporating engine sheds or roundhouse were established at approximately 150 sites in the state. It is also estimated that 120 straight engine sheds and 25 roundhouses were also built, all there buildings being part of statewide locomotive servicing arrangements.
He returned at BAMMA 2: Roundhouses at the Roundhouse in February 2010 and defeated opponent Sam Elsdon via submission in the first round. He secured another first round victory in his next fight against Danny Mitchell at Cage Contender 6 in Manchester, England before returning to BAMMA later that year. His next appearance was at BAMMA 4: Reid vs. Watson in September 2010 where he faced previously unbeaten British prospect Eugene Fadiora and won by submission in the first round.
Pigs, sheep, goats and cattle were kept but remained, for the most part, behaviourally wild. Evidence of cattle such as that attested at Shillourokambos is rare, and when they apparently died out in the course of the 8th millennium they were not re-introduced until the ceramic Neolithic. In the 6th millennium BC, the aceramic Khirokitia culture was characterised by roundhouses, stone vessels and an economy based on sheep, goats and pigs. Cattle were unknown, and Persian fallow deer were hunted.
As the system deteriorated because of worn out equipment, accidents and sabotage, the South was unable to construct or even repair new locomotives, cars, signals or track. Little new equipment ever arrived, although rails in remote areas such as Florida were removed and put to more efficient use in the war zones. Realizing their enemy's dilemma, Union cavalry raids routinely destroyed locomotives, cars, rails, roundhouses, trestles, bridges, and telegraph wires. By the end of the war, the southern railroad system was totally ruined.
Locorotondo (Barese: ) is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy, with a population of about 14,000. The city is known for its wines and for its circular structure which is now a historical center, from which derives its name, which means "Round place". It is located in south-east Murgia, deep in the Itria Valley, dotted with white prehistoric roundhouses called trulli. Locorotondo is listed as one of the most beautiful villages in Italy.
These included roundhouses and enclosed and fortified settlements, but it also contained elements of independent development.I. Armit and I. B. M. Ralston, "The Iron Age", in K. J. Edwards, I. B. M. Ralston, eds, Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC – AD 1000 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003), , p. 16. From the early part of the period there is relatively little metalwork and a larger amount of ceramics.Sharples, "Comment I. Contextualising Iron Age art", p. 209.
Several more train wrecks were attributed to obstructing storm debris. In Steelton, an overpass collapsed onto the tracks of the Pennsylvania Railroad shortly before a train careened through the rubble, damaging the locomotive and several cars. Additionally, two roundhouses were destroyed in Lebanon, with eight locomotives sustaining damage in one of the structures. The third incarnation of the Columbia–Wrightsville Bridge—a covered railroad bridge across the Susquehanna River—was shoved off its piers and demolished by the intense winds.
It is thought that the 4–8 Iron Age roundhouses there are part of a larger settlement, along with a possible cremation burial. A possible northern edge of a medieval farmstead was discovered in the south- west corner of the site, along with pottery from the 13th and 14th centuries. In April 2007 there were archaeological investigations at Talmead House, Mill Lane, and on land to the west of Mill Lane, Eddington. Features including Roman cremation burials were found, including one adjacent to Talmead Pond.
Beginning in 1903 Page, West Virginia, named for Col. William Page, was the site of a switching yard, roundhouse, and station on the Deepwater Railway and later the Virginian Railway. After the railroad eliminated steam locomotives in 1957 and the area's coal mines were largely depleted, the facilities at Page were unneeded. Mullens and Princeton in West Virginia, and Roanoke, Victoria and Sewell's Point in Virginia were other locations where extensive steam locomotive servicing facilities and roundhouses were also no longer needed after 1957.
The 'choças' of Marvão follow the rudimentary pattern of roundhouses found throughout Celtic settlements in Europe. Similarly, a number of corbelled circular drystone shelters, with a false cupola (Portuguese: chafurdão) in Marvão reflect similar Iron Age structures across Southern Europe (e.g. the Spanish bombo and Croatian trim) associated with the terracing and clearance of rocky land for farming. The Vettones culture was renowned for its cattle-rearing and Verraco (Portuguese: berrão) pig-like sculptures: porco preto rearing remains dominant in local agriculture and cuisine.
Excavations have shown the signs of four and six post rectangular buildings which were gradually replaced with roundhouses. Large ramparts and elaborate timber defences were constructed and refortified over the following centuries. Excavation revealed round and rectangular house foundations, metalworking, and a possible sequence of small rectangular temples or shrines, indicating permanent oppidum-like occupation. Excavations were undertaken by local clergyman James Bennett in 1890 and Harold St George Gray in 1913, followed by major work led by archaeologist Leslie Alcock from 1966–1970.
The L&CR; opened a motive power depot and a locomotive repair facility here in 1839, the former of which appears to have been particularly accident prone. The original building, one of the earliest roundhouses, burned down in 1844. A replacement was built in 1845, and a straight shed built by the LB&SCR; in 1848 was blown down in a gale in October 1863.Howard Turner, (1978) pp.278-9. Two further buildings were constructed by the LB&SCR; in 1863 and 1869.
By the late 19th century, this area was the width of about two city blocks and formed what amounted to a barrier along the eastern edge of the city: passable only by bridge. Three large and ornately embellished passenger depots were built by as many rail lines. Pennsylvania Railroad was the largest rail line in Harrisburg. It built huge repair facilities and two large roundhouses in the 1860s and 1870s to handle its enormous freight and passenger traffic and to maintain its colossal infrastructure.
It was prescribed by almost all railway companies that at least 75% of all locomotives had to be able to be berthed in the locomotive shed, the rest would be stabled on stabling roads in the open. Large Betriebswerke often had two or three roundhouses with their associated turntables. The roundhouse was reliant on the turntable; if it became incapacitated the entire shed was out of commission because locomotives could not be run in or out of it. The turntable therefore had an emergency engine which used compressed air.
In July 1926 construction of the manually operated diameter No. 2 turntable at its associated 42 radial roads was completed. Unlike the roads surrounding No. 1 turntable, initially none of the radial roads on No. 2 turntable were covered. Over the following years several plans were proposed for the construction of a roundhouse building on the radial roads surrounding No. 2 turntable. A plan dated 30 January 1922 for a proposed Car and Wagon Works on land adjoining the loco depot site even shows a proposed third turntable, with all 3 turntables having full roundhouses.
The oldest remaining is at Valley Heights. The rarity value of the Broadmeadow complex is increased by the fact there were two roundhouses on the same site and that both turntables survive. It is still able to demonstrate this intensive former use despite the loss of the superstructure of the 1924 roundhouse and the encroachment of the Endeavour Centre on the radial roads of the 1948 roundhouse. It is the only railway complex in NSW to retain two side by side turntables and both are in working order.
Palloza houses in eastern Galicia, an evolved form of the Iron Age local roundhouses Dating from the end of the Megalithic era, and up to the Bronze Age, numerous stone carvings (petroglyphs) are found in open air. They usually represent cup and ring marks, labyrinths, deer, Bronze Age weapons, and riding and hunting scenes. Large numbers of these stone carvings can be found in the Rías Baixas regions, at places such as Tourón and Campo Lameiro. Castro de Baroña, an Iron Age fortified settlement The Castro cultureParcero-Oubiña C. and Cobas-Fernández, I (2004).
The Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway also became a presence in Elroy when its line was built from St. Paul, Minnesota, south through Camp Douglas, Wisconsin. Both railroad companies kept roundhouses and other operations in Elroy. Rail traffic on the Elroy portion of the CNW eventually declined, due to the construction of better mainline trackage further to the north (via Adams, Necedah, and Wyeville). The rails on this portion were taken up in the mid-1960s and the right-of-way was converted into the Elroy-Sparta Bike Trail, as it remains today.
The excavators found a number of circular features, which they interpreted as the remains of roundhouses. The inhabitants seem to have relocated during the Roman period to a site further up the ridge, leaving the area of the Iron Age settlement to revert to fields. Around a dozen pits were found on the site and possibly ritualistic objects were found in a number of them. Some pits had been pierced with a single stake, while a number of pits included "burned" cobbles of a local type of stone.
The technology of everyday life is not well recorded, but archaeological evidence shows it to have been similar to that in Ireland and Anglo-Saxon England. Recently evidence has been found of watermills in Pictland and kilns were used for drying kernels of wheat or barley, not otherwise easy in the changeable, temperate climate.Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, pp. 52–53. Although constructed in earlier times, brochs, roundhouses and crannogs remained in use into and beyond the Pictish period.Armit (2003) pp 135–7.Crone, B.A. (1993) "Crannogs and Chronologies".
Junee roundhouse is (was) part of a statewide network of locomotive servicing centres which comprises buildings of this style (i.e. roundhouses), buildings incorporating straight engine sheds or open areas where locomotives were repaired or stabled. Most of these centres have been removed from railway service, but this roundhouse and the other equipment shows the link between trains, local industry, engineering capacity, handling of mainline and branchline passenger and goods services and local employment. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
Buildings at the farm include simulated pre-Roman roundhouses and a simulated Roman villa. The 'Longbridge Deverell House' was the first full-sized roundhouse to be built at the latest site, and at the time one of the largest in Europe. After Peter's death in 2001, the site was run by his partner, Christine Shaw, for a number of years. Under her guidance, one of Peter's projects, a Roman building, was completed, resulting in the first full scale construction simulation of the wing of a Romano-British villa from Sparsholt, near Winchester.
The site was first settled in about 1300 BC. The 24 hut circles are surrounded by a massive granite perimeter wall, which may have stood at 1.7 metres in places. The roundhouses, with an average diameter of 3.4 metres, were each built of a double ring of granite slabs with a rubble infill, a technique still used in dry-stone walling. Hut 3 has a surviving porchway, with the two jamb stones still upright, although the lintel has fallen. There is evidence of human activity: artefacts include pottery, scrapers and pot boilers.
Cecily Margaret Guido (née Preston; 5 August 1912 – 8 September 1994, also known as Peggy Piggott) was an English archaeologist, prehistorian, and finds specialist. Her career in British archaeology spanned sixty years, and she is recognised for her field methods, her field-leading research into prehistoric settlements (hillforts and roundhouses), burial traditions, and artefact studies (particularly Iron Age to Anglo-Saxon glass beads), as well as her high-quality and rapid publication, contributing more than 50 articles and books to her field between the 1930s and 1990s.Peggy Guido, Obituary, The Times (30 Sept 1994).
The term is most often used as a generic description in cases where there is no clear evidence for the function of the site: for instance where it has been ploughed flat and is known only as a cropmark or a geophysical anomaly. The two most frequent monument types represented by ring ditches are roundhouses (where the 'ditch' is actually a foundation slot or eaves drip gully) and round barrows. The term is not normally used for larger features than these. Larger features would instead be described as 'circular enclosures'.
Beinn Mhór on the left, and Hecla on the right. South Uist is home to the Kildonan Museum housing the 16th century Clanranald Stone and the ruins of the house where Flora MacDonald was born. The SEARCH project (Sheffield Environmental and Archaeological Research Campaign in the Hebrides) on South Uist has been developing a long-term perspective on changes in settlement and house form from the Bronze Age to the 19th century. Organisation within Iron Age roundhouses appears to have been very different from 19th century blackhouses in which the dwelling was shared with stock.
Dartmoor is said to be one of the last remaining areas of wilderness in Britain,Steen, Anthony. 2003, Hansard "Dartmoor National Park (Military Exercises)" HC Deb 15 October 2003 vol 411 cc129-36WH but it has been a managed landscape since the late Neolithic (3,000-2,500 BCE). The Bronze Age inhabitants (from 2,500 to 750 BCE) cleared ancient forest and developed farming. They made extensive use of surface moorstone in the construction of roundhouses (their remains now seen as "hut circles"), enclosures, land-dividing reaves, stone rows, stone circles, menhirs and kistvaens.
There is evidence that Sutton Hoo was occupied during the Neolithic period, 3000 BCE, when woodland in the area was cleared by agriculturalists. They dug small pits that contained flint-tempered earthenware pots. Several pits were near to hollows where large trees had been uprooted: the Neolithic farmers may have associated the hollows with the pots. During the Bronze Age, when agricultural communities living in Britain were adopting the newly introduced technology of metalworking, timber- framed roundhouses were built at Sutton Hoo, with wattle and daub walling and thatched roofs.
Excavations suggest that the site was occupied, perhaps sporadically, from the Neolithic period to sometime before the Roman conquest of the area. Remains of a timber long house on the hill summit have been dated to the third millennium BC and may represent the earliest human occupation of the region. Defensive construction at the site began around the late seventh century BC, and at first consisted of a timber palisade enclosing a settlement of timber roundhouses. The palisade was later replaced by a stone-and-earth rampart and a ditch.
The Levels contain the best-preserved prehistoric village in the UK, Glastonbury Lake Village, as well as two others at Meare Lake Village. Discovered in 1892 by Arthur Bulleid, it was inhabited by about 200 people living in 14 roundhouses, and was built on a morass on an artificial foundation of timber filled with brushwood, bracken, rubble and clay. The valley was used during Romano-British period when it was the site of salt extraction. At that time, the Brue formed a lake just south of the hilly ground on which Glastonbury stands.
Advances in firefighting are also chronicled. The earliest dwellings mentioned are Pin Hole in Derbyshire and Kent's Cavern near Torquay — these and other cave-dwellings are described as "the very earliest human homes in this country that we know anything about."The Story of Your Home, 1949, Chapter 1. Other chapters describe homes of different periods, including Iron Age roundhouses, mediaeval manors, Tudor mansions, later country houses and terraced houses, and, bringing it up to date, the blocks of flats and suburban homes of the post-war period.
In the hospital, Nick talks to Danny and Maggie, expressing his regret for what he had done and wishes Danny the best in the finals against Jake. Shortly after that, Nick dies in his hospital bed. At the finals of the World Championships, Jake overpowers Danny at first. However, with Maggie's full support and remembering his training with Nick, Danny finally defeats Jake with a series of kicks, ranging from a side kick to numerous roundhouses, and ending it with a flying wushu-style half-butterfly kick, knocking Jake out.
Evidence has been found of human settlement in Wychbold from the Iron Age and Roman times. Various pits, ditches and postholes have been found in sites throughout the village, indicating the presence of roundhouses and a permanent Iron Age settlement. Archaeologists have also found various significant items from the Iron Age, such as broken vessels and a salt container from the Malvern Hills and Droitwich Spa. The presence of pottery from Malvern suggests that Wychbold had strong trade links outside of its immediate area, even in the Iron Age.
The earliest evidence of people inhabiting the area are the remains of an Iron Age settlement of several roundhouses grouped together in an obvious community, known as Hen Dre'r Mynydd. The dry wall layout of the ruinous site has led archaeologists to believe that the people who lived in the area were early farmers.BBC website - Celtic Heritage It has been identified as the largest undefended Iron Age settlement in south east Wales. Before the industrialisation of the Rhondda Valleys in the late 19th century, Blaenrhondda was an agricultural area and sparsely populated.
In 1944, the 40,000 miles of railway track "weld together the natural and industrial might" of Canada. Railroads have always been important in Canada dating back to Lord Strathcona driving the final spike into the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) line that connected and conquered the vast distances of the country. Canada was "united by a bond of steel" and, for a century, brought the goods and people to all parts of the nation. Over the years, rail transport in Canada have necessitated an immense infrastructure of train stations, roundhouses, turntables, freight yards and administrative centres.
Trevelgue Head () is a scheduled monument a short distance north-east of Newquay. The defensive ramparts of the fort, and two round barrows dating from the early Bronze Age, can be seen. An archaeological excavation of the site in 1939 by C. K. Croft Andrew was discontinued on the outbreak of war, and the findings were not published until many years later. There are foundations of Iron Age roundhouses, of the 2nd century BC. There is evidence of bronze and iron smelting, and many items of worked stone, shards of decorated pottery, and objects of tin, copper and iron were found.
Malcolm III of Scotland acknowledged in writing that Suðreyjar was not Scottish, and king Edgar quitclaimed any residual doubts. At Kilpheder, the roundhouses were abandoned in favour of Norse longhouses; at Bornish, a few miles to the north, a more substantial Norse settlement was built. As indicated by archaeological finds, residents had access to a wide trading network, stretching throughout the Norwegian empire, as well as adjacent lands like Ireland. The remains of the early 13th-century Howmore monastery However, in the mid-12th century, Somerled, a Norse-Gael of uncertain origin, launched a coup, which made Suðreyjar entirely independent.
Smith and Banks (2002) p. 219. For a variety of reasons much of the archaeological work to date in Scotland has concentrated on the islands of the west and north and both excavations and analysis of societal structures on the mainland are more limited in scope.Smith and Banks (2002) p. 218 and p. 220. The peoples of early Iron Age Scotland, particularly in the north and west, lived in substantial stone buildings called Atlantic roundhouses. The remains of hundreds of these houses exist throughout the country, some merely piles of rubble, others with impressive towers and outbuildings.
It may have been on South Uist. See Crawford (2002) p. 113. The distinctive architectural form related to the complex roundhouses constitute the main settlement type in the Western Isles in the closing centuries BC.Armit, Ian, "Broch Building in Northern Scotland: The Context of Innovation" World Archaeology 21.3, Architectural Innovation (February 1990: 435–445). A total of 62 sites have now been identified in the Northern and Western Isles, and on the north coast of Caithness and Sutherland.Crawford (2002) p. 112.The 8 presumed sites on Orkney are included in this total, although arguably there are none there.
On Exmoor the remains of small flint tools called microliths, used by hunter-gatherers to hunt and prepare animals, have been found and date to the late Mesolithic. In the Neolithic period, people started to manage animals and grow crops on farms, and started to cut down the woodlands of Exmoor, rather than act purely as hunters and gatherers. These Neolithic people created stone monuments and by the Bronze Age were creating barrows (burial mounds) and roundhouses. Evidence shows that extraction and smelting of mineral ores to make metal tools, weapons, containers and ornaments had started by the Iron Age.
Deforestation during the local Bronze Age stripped the natural woodland that had replaced tundra following the retreat of glaciation, and on this light soil the forest cover was replaced with heath.Woolmer Forest Heritage Society: Bronze and Iron Ages With the settled Roman occupation, the Roman road that was constructed between Chichester and Silchester passed through Woolmer. Traces of Roman villas have been discovered at Blackmoor, Kingsley and Liss, though ordinary people continued to live in roundhouses. Kilns for a pottery industry that apparently supplied Londinium with its cookwareWoolmer Forest Heritage Society: The Romans must have continued the deforestation to fire the kilns.
Flower garden that was once the site of the PD Tower. Between 1869 and 1879 Patchogue station was the east end of the South Side Railroad of Long Island. It even had spurs and roundhouses between West and Railroad Avenues, as well as another spur between River Avenue and West Avenue for the textile plant that more recently has served as the Patchogue Campus of Briarcliffe College. Prior to acquisition by the Long Island Rail Road there was a proposal by the SSRRLI to extend the main line southeast towards Bellport, then northeast to Brookhaven and Southaven.
Sometimes a mill was raised, such as the Black Mill, Southwold, Suffolk in 1863 following gale damage. It originally had a single- storey roundhouse, but had a two-storey roundhouse after it was rebuilt. Generally, the roundhouse has no structural function, with the exception of roundhouses in the Midlands region of the United Kingdom, where they carried a curb and through wheels on the underside of the buck of the mill, they carried some weight from the mill, a task usually performed solely by the trestle. Often, when a post mill was demolished, the roundhouse was left standing.
B. Cunliffe, Iron Age Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC until the Roman Conquest (New York, NY: Routledge, 2004), , p. 60. At Jarlshof these are oval houses with thick stone walls, which may have been partly subterranean at the earliest period of inhabitation, a technique that provided both structural stability and insulation.I. Armit, Towers in the North: The Brochs of Scotland (Stroud: Tempus, 2003), , p. 28. There is also evidence of the occupation of crannogs, roundhouses partially or entirely built on an artificial islands, usually in lakes, rivers and estuarine waters.
In a Neolithic chambered cairn near the village, complex carving can be seen on a stone which was probably a lintel. This is thought to originate in the same culture which produced similar carvings at Newgrange in County Meath, Ireland. Pierowall also has an important example of the circular dry-stone Atlantic roundhouses which date from the Iron Age. Away to the west are the ruins of Noltland Castle, built by Gilbert Balfour in the 16th century, notable for its massive spiral staircase "second only to Fyvie Castle, while its triple tiers of gunloops are without parallel in Scotland, if not Europe".
Around 1900 Pomerantsev joined the team of engineers and architects (Peter Rashevsky, Lavr Proskuryakov, Nikolai Markovnikov) of the Moscow Smaller Ring Railroad, a 54 kilometer ring freight line around the city. Pomerantsev provided architectural design to 20 stations of the Ring, employee housing, warehouses, roundhouses and water towers, as well as to two of Proskuryakov's bridges (now demolished, see Andreyevsky Bridge and Krasnoluzhsky Bridge). Regular traffic on the Ring commenced in July 1908. Station designs by Pomerantsev mixed motifs of Vienna Secession, Victorian Gothic and traditional eclecticism leaning to neoclassicism yet were clearly styled as a cohesive ensemble.
The last mainline steam locomotive hauled train was also worked from the depot with 6042 working the last train on 24 February 1973, it then worked a special run from Newcastle to Broadmeadow on 2 March 1973 to mark the end of steam. The locomotive then worked to Sydney on 4 March 1973 ending the steam allocation at Broadmeadow Loco Depot. No. 1 Turntable with some of the preserved heritage rolling stock currently stored During 1974 the water tanks and columns at the depot were demolished. Also in 1974 a steam cleaning shed was built on the straight transfer road between the two roundhouses adjacent to the original workshop building.
The rarity value of the Broadmeadow complex is increased by the fact there were two roundhouses on the same site and that both turntables survive. It is still able to demonstrate this intensive use despite the loss of the superstructure of the 1924 roundhouse and the encroachment of the Endeavour Centre on the radial roads of the 1951-52 roundhouse. It is the only railway complex in NSW to retain two side by side turntables and both are in working order. Broadmeadow Railway Locomotive Depot was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
However, it appears that these "forts" were also used for domestic purposes, with examples of food storage, industry and occupation being found within their earthworks. On the other hand, they may have been only occupied intermittently as it is difficult to reconcile permanently occupied hill forts with the lowland farmsteads and their roundhouses found during the 20th century, such as at Little Woodbury and Rispain Camp. Many hill forts are not in fact "forts" at all, and demonstrate little or no evidence of occupation. The development of hill forts may have occurred due to greater tensions that arose between the better structured and more populous social groups.
The neolithic monument at Beinn A' Charra South Uist was clearly home to a thriving Neolithic community. The island is covered in several neolithic remains, such as burial cairns, and a small number of standing stones, of which the largest—standing tall—is in the centre of the island, at the northern edge of Beinn A' Charra. Occupation continued into the Chalcolithic, as evidenced by a number of Beaker finds throughout the island. Cladh Hallan roundhouses Later in the Bronze Age, a man was mummified, and placed on display at Cladh Hallan, parts occasionally being replaced over the centuries; he was joined by a woman three hundred years later.
In 2000 archaeologists found evidence of Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman activity in Finmere Quarry about west of the village. Five early Bronze Age cremation pits were excavated, and from one pit two collared urns were recovered. The cremations were dated to about 2040 to 1880 BC. The site of a late Iron Age settlement was found west of the cremation pits and just east of the trackbed of the former Great Central Main Line railway. The settlement consisted originally of a number of roundhouses packed close together in a straight line, and then developed in phases with later structures overlapping the sites of some of the earlier ones.
From the mid-1920s through to the outbreak of World War II, Calder was active in the resurgence of studies of Neolithic sites in Scotland as Investigator in the RCAHMS, as were V. Gordon Childe, Walter Gordon Grant and J Graham Callander, Keeper of the National Museum of Antiquities. By 1931 he had become an Associate of the Edinburgh Architectural Association. In the 1930s he excavated two Iron Age roundhouses on the Calf of Eday, with the help of local men. He excavated other sites on Eday and the Calf of Eday in the late 1930s and prepared the first complete description of the Dwarfie Stane on Hoy.
A form of dry-stone Iron Age dwelling, they are unique to the region, and are subdivided by the archaeologists into two broad types - simple and complex. According to this theory they marked a movement away from the earlier externally unprepossessing types of dwelling, such as those at Skara Brae, towards structures which were more dominating features in the landscape. An example of a simple Atlantic roundhouse is at Bu in Orkney, while complex structures include the brochs, duns and wheelhouses. Although constructed out of stone, they are thought to have had a conical wooden roof similar to that of the timber roundhouses found elsewhere.
A standard twin-track ramped coal stage was built in between the entrance roads to the roundhouses, above which was a water softening facility, and associated water tank which stored to supply the entire site. On the west side was a large repair depot which became known as "The Factory", equipped with heavy lifting gear and full engineering facilities to repair and completely overhaul any GWR locomotive. To the east were a series of carriage sidings and maintenance sheds. The final facility which opened in July 1908, was similar in design to other large GWR depot facilities, such as the original four turntable layout at Old Oak Common.
This will be retained as a crossing box as control is mandated to be operated by a human being on site as per the original deeds granting the railway access to the land when it was built in the 19th century. In the project, 14 buildings would replace over 800 mechanical lever and power signalling boxes with Integrated Electronic Control Centres (IECC) also being superseded in the new programme. Preparatory work on the site in April 2012 revealed the foundations of some ex North Eastern Railway roundhouses that were thought to have been built in 1864 and abandoned in 1960. Work on the building was started in September 2012.
Unlike much of Lima's railroad-related structures (e.g., the Baltimore & Ohio, Nickel Plate Road and Erie Railroad train stations and roundhouses), the Pennsylvania Railroad station has survived in good condition. Its well-preserved historic architecture and its place in local history qualified it for addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as the Lima Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Depot. One year later, the station was renovated for adaptive reuse: although a new entrance was added and modern restrooms were attached to the station's rear, its historic integrity was little changed, and the yard surrounding the station was kept in its previous state.
In 1906 the Royal Bavarian State Railways built two roundhouses with turntables south of the Augsburg Hauptbahnhof (Augsburg Central Station). On the area surrounding the Railway Park are further buildings (workshops, washdown areas, wheelset repair workshops and accommodation for the locomotive crews) belonging to the former repair shop together with trackage and a signal box. In the Second World War the area was largely spared from bomb damage, even on the devastating night of bombing from 25 to 26 February 1944 on Augsburg, during which the main station and station yard were badly damaged or destroyed. After the war the Deutsche Bahn AG used the site until about 1990.
The Museum of Traffic and Technology (') was founded in 1982 and assumed the tradition of the Royal Museum of Traffic and Construction (') which was opened in the former station building in 1906. The present-day museum is located on the former freight yard attached to the in the district of Berlin, including two historic roundhouses and several office buildings. Renamed ' in 1996, the exhibition area was gradually expanded. An adjacent new building complex was inaugurated in 2003, topped by a prominent US Air Force Douglas C-47B "Raisin Bomber", which can be seen with ease from the top of the and formerly at Tempelhof Airport.
Castell Henllys (Welsh, "castle of the old court") is an important archaeological site in north Pembrokeshire, Wales, on the A487 road between Newport and Cardigan, in the parish of Nevern. The Iron Age hillfort has been the subject of an ongoing excavation for more than twenty years, accompanied by an exercise in reconstruction archaeology whereby experiments in prehistoric farming have been practised. Four roundhouses and a granary have been reconstructed on their original Iron Age foundations, some 2,000 years old, the only site in Britain where this has been done. Historic UK say: During the summer the site provides training for young archaeologists and is a popular visitor attraction.
Roundhouse in Berlin-Pankow Roundhouse in Uster, Switzerland Changhua roundhouse at Changhua, Taiwan, built in 1922 and still in use today Early steam locomotives normally traveled forwards only. Although reverse operations capabilities were soon built into locomotive mechanisms, the controls were normally optimized for forward travel, and the locomotives often could not operate as well in reverse. Some passenger cars, such as observation cars, were also designed as late as the 1960s for operations in a particular direction. Turntables allowed locomotives or other rolling stock to be turned around for the return journey, and roundhouses, designed to radiate around the turntables, were built to service and store these locomotives.
The structure has been compared to the Mesolithic structure found at Howick, Northumberland and British Iron Age roundhouses. A large wooden platform has been discovered nearby on the shore of the former lake – the earliest known example of carpentry in Europe, though its purpose is as yet unknown. Timbers of Aspen and Willow were split along the grain using wedges (probably made of wood and antler); these were then laid in the boggy areas at the lake shore, presumably to provide firm footing. The extent of the wooden platform is not known but it may be a significantly larger and more complex undertaking than the house-like structure.
Accessed on 3 Sep 2013 One of Grimspound's hut circles It was first settled about 1300 BC. The 24 hut circles are surrounded by a massive granite perimeter wall, which may have stood at 1.7 metres in places. The roundhouses, with an average diameter of 3.4 metres, were each built of a double ring of granite slabs with a rubble infill - a technique still used in dry-stone walling. One, Hut 3, has a surviving porchway, with the two jamb stones still upright, although the lintel has fallen. There is good evidence of human activity: pottery, scrapers, and pot boilers were found in the huts during Victorian excavations.
The native settlement encountered by the Romans at the site seems to have developed in the 2nd or 1st centuries . Little is known about this settlement or the condition of the River Soar at this time, although roundhouses from this era have been excavated and seem to have clustered along roughly of the east bank of the Soar above its confluence with the Trent. This area of the Soar was split into two channels: a main stream to the east and a narrower channel on the west, with a presumably marshy island between. The settlement seems to have controlled a ford across the larger channel.
The same year, however, the du Pont's Central Coal and Iron Company began operation in the area and became so vital to the local economy that the city was reïncorporated in 1882 as Central City. Recessions replaced the E&P; and the O&R; with a procession of different companies, including the Owensboro and Nashville Railway, but the two rights of way always remained in separate hands, keeping Central City an important regional hub for the Illinois Central and the L&N;, with train yards, roundhouses, and even an elevated rail station. Coal was mined from nearby fields, prompting explosions such as one in 1912 that killed 5 workers.Indianapolis Star.
The site is now tenanted by the Blue Mountains Division of the Rail Transport Museum and is staffed almost entirely by volunteers, indicating a strong local community attachment and interest. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The locomotive site is of technical and research significance because the roundhouse and its equipment are the remnants of a past era, located in an area of the state where railways played so much a part in development and essential transport of goods and passengers. As one of the very few surviving railway roundhouses, the complex gives valuable information about the age of steam.
The Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot is a large site on the western (Down) side of the Short North line, south of Broadmeadow Station. The main, western part of the depot contains the former locomotive servicing facilities including two turntables and associated roundhouses (roundhouse #1 has been removed), washing facilities, the former District Engineer's office. 'Inward' and "Departure" roads are arranged to allow for the arrival and departure of locomotives from the complex from south to north past former roundhouse no 1# (Turntable #1 is still extant), past roundhouse #2 and then exiting the site to rejoin the main line. The configuration of the roads have changed over time as the yard layout has evolved.
The PTC also wanted to demolish the Enfield roundhouses to make way for a container terminal and offered the museum a site at Thirlmere on the then lightly used Picton – Mittagong loop line. Site clearing began in late 1974 and works were sufficiently advanced for the transfer of stock to begin in June 1975. While some trains were hauled by diesel locomotives, most were worked by the museum's own steam locomotives."Museum on the Move" Roundhouse July 1976 page 5 The NSWRTM opened at its current location in on 1 June 1976. Services on the loop line between Thirlmere and Buxton began on 13 June 1976. Initially uncovered, the first section of roofing was completed in 1979.
Lend-Lease shipments were supported by holding and reconsignment points in Auburn, Washington and Lathrop, California where cargo that could not be promptly moved overseas was held until called to the ports. These facilities constructed with Lend-Lease funds contained single- story warehouses, long and wide, with platforms for loading and unloading railway tracks running the full length of each side and a platform for handling truck freight at one end. Nearby open storage areas were available for freight unloaded from railway cars with cranes. These 600-acre sites employed thousands of civilians and hundreds of Italian prisoners of war and included shops, roundhouses, a mess hall, fire station, dispensary, cafeteria, bachelor officers’ quarters and administration buildings.
Fragments of glass, possibly Roman in origin, and shards of pottery which date to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, indicate the site was used in the Romano-British period. However no Roman structures have been discovered, and the nature of Roman activity at the site is a source of speculation. The position of the hilltop indicate that it was easily defended; however, local finds indicate it was a high-status settlement rather than a military outpost unless a similar feature was located nearby. One reason that Roman structures have not been identified is that the Romano-British inhabitants may have used roundhouses rather than buildings of a typically rectilinear Roman style.
The hillfort was inhabited by the Durotriges in the late Iron Age; whether this is the same tribe who fortified the hilltop in the middle Iron Age (radiocarbon analysis suggests a date of 500 BC for the main rampart) is unknown. There is extensive evidence of settlement within the fort, including platforms for roundhouses. Hod Hill is the second in a series of Iron Age earthworks,‘Hill Forts of the Stour Valley’ by David E. C. Jardine, 1985, Bournemouth Local Studies Publications starting from Hambledon Hill, and including Hod Hill, Spetisbury Rings, Buzbury Rings, Badbury Rings and Dudsbury Camp. The Iron Age port at Hengistbury Head forms a final Iron Age monument in this small chain of sites.
In the twentieth century there were large numbers of archaeological investigations of specific sites, which formed the basis for an attempt to establish a chronology of the forts that would allow them to be fitted into a "defensive sequence" of invasion and occupation. Particularly important in Northern Britain was C. M. Piggott's investigation at Hownam Rings in the Cheviots (1948). This established the "Hownam model" for Iron Age forts of progressive complexity of enclosure. These began with simple palisades, developed into stone univallate defences (with a single rampart), then more complex multivallate walls (with multiple ramparts) and then finally the abandonment of these defences for stone-built roundhouses attributed to the Pax Romana in the first or second century BCE.
The Market Cross Archaeological investigations have found evidence of prehistoric activity in the Shepton Mallet area, with substantial amounts of Neolithic flint and some pottery fragments from the late Neolithic period. The two barrows on Barren Down, to the north of the town centre, contained cremation burials from the Bronze Age and another Bronze Age burial site contained a skeleton and some pottery. The remains of Iron Age roundhouses and artefacts such as quernstones and beads were found at Cannard's Grave, and a probable Iron Age farming settlement has been identified at Field Farm. In the nearby countryside there is evidence of Iron Age cave dwellings in Ham Woods to the north-west, and several burial mounds at Beacon Hill, a short distance north of the town.
Simplified elevation cross-section of a typical house at Must Farm Simplified excavation site plan In September 2015, the University of Cambridge's Cambridge Archaeological Unit began a dig, eventually covering , the details of which were publicly disclosed in January 2016. Historic England funded a £1.1 million project to excavate the site to gain as much knowledge of Bronze Age life in Britain as possible. Archaeologists found two roundhouses, from about 1000–800 BCE, and concluded that they were damaged by fire and that the platform on which they sat then slid into the river, where the fire was extinguished and the buildings and objects within them were preserved in the silt. About half of the settlement is thought to have been lost due to modern-day quarrying.
The hill is topped by an Iron Age multivallate Durotrigian hill fort which was excavated in the 1960s by Peter Gelling of the University of Birmingham with his wife Margaret Gelling at the request of Michael Pinney. The remains of 14 roundhouses were uncovered near the centre of the hill fort. Surveys were also carried out by the National Trust in 1982 and by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England in 1995. There are differing views as to the age of the rectilinear (square) structures in the centre of the fort (best seen in the National Trust report photo ): they may be medieval "pillow mounds" (man-made mounds for breeding rabbits), or could be earlier in origin.
The earliest evidence of human activity in what is now Broadbridge Heath dates to the Mesolithic period, in the form of flint implements found in the Wickhurst Green area. Later evidence of settlement in the parish includes several Iron Age roundhouses. The land now occupied by Broadbridge Heath was originally a detached portion of the parish of Sullington, part of a mediaeval system of transhumance whereby villagers from downland villages would drive their livestock into the Low Weald to graze on acorns, grass and beech mast.'The Kent and Sussex Weald, Peter Brandon, published by Phillimore and Company, 2003 A manor at Broadbridge was occupied by Roger Covert in the 1290s.Hudson, T. P. (editor) (1986) A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 6.
Some of the most notable of these are: The Dark Arches, the Hol Beck, Marshall's Mill, the Midland Mills, the Round Foundry, Temple Works, Tower Works and two railway roundhouses. The last active church in the area (until the recent establishment of new ones) was St. Matthew's, built in 1829–30 and deconsecrated in 1981. The railway station has been demolished, but plans began to be developed in 2014 to convert the track bed (which is currently overgrown with trees and shrubs) into a raised walkway leading directly into Leeds city centre. In the 1960s, Leeds sought to become a 'motorway city', and 1972–75 saw the completion of the M621, which runs through Holbeck, and the A643, creating a new boundary on Holbeck's west side.
This Iron Age fort occupies a prominent crag and has commanding views of the surrounding landscape. The name's origin is probably a mixture of Gaelic and Old Norse: Dun in the former language means "fort" and knaus-borg in the latter means "fort on the crag". There is no evidence that Islay was ever subject to Roman military control although small numbers of finds such as a coin and a brooch from the third century AD suggest links of some kind with the intermittent Roman presence on the mainland. The ruins of a broch at Dùn Bhoraraic south east of Ballygrant and the remains of numerous Atlantic roundhouses indicate the influences of northern Scotland, where these forms of building originate.
Either way, the Anglo-Saxon populace of England adopted many cultural traits that differed from those in the preceding Iron Age and Romano-British periods. They adopted Old English, a Germanic language that differed markedly from the Celtic and Latin languages previously spoken, whilst they apparently abandoned Christianity, a monotheistic religion devoted to the worship of one God, and instead began following Anglo-Saxon paganism, a polytheistic faith revolving around the veneration of several deities. Differences to people's daily material culture also became apparent, as those living in England ceased living in roundhouses and instead began constructing rectangular timber homes that were like those found in Denmark and northern Germany. Art forms also changed as jewellery began exhibiting the increasing influence of Migration Period Art from continental Europe.
Studies have shown that these stone roundhouses, with massively thick walls must have contained virtually the entire population of islands such as Barra and North Uist. Iron Age settlement patterns in Scotland are not homogenous, but in these places there is no sign of a privileged class living in large castles or forts, or of an elite priestly caste or of peasants with no access to the kind of accommodation enjoyed by the middle classes.Armit, Ian "Land and freedom: Implications of Atlantic Scottish settlement patterns for Iron Age land- holding and social organisation." in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. 15–26. Over 400 souterrains have been discovered in Scotland, many of them in the south- east, and although few have been dated those that have suggest a construction date in the 2nd or 3rd centuries.
Enclosures, presumably to contain livestock, were created at different times and in different shapes, with the outlines of some enclosures from different periods overlapping the sites of the roundhouses and each other. Iron Age pottery recovered from the site suggests that the settlement was occupied in phases from the 4th to the 1st century BC. A pair of ditches were found running parallel across the site about apart and roughly east–west. The ditches were identified as flanking a track, and fragments of wheel-thrown pottery found on part of the site led to the track being dated to the period of Roman occupation of Britain. The site is about from the course of the Roman road that linked Alchester near Bicester with Lactodurum (now Towcester), which runs through the eastern side of Finmere village.
Over the next decade, additions to the prison were made including a courthouse in 1826 as well as individual cells, dayrooms, courtyards and offices attributed to suggestions made by Howard. Other reforms later included a strictly enforced segregation of prisoners by offence and the general improvement of living conditions such as improving the water supply, sanitation and ventilation systems, many of these renovations were made with prison labour over the course of the century. By the late 20th century, the only remaining signs of the original prison are the large and small roundhouses, the Weald Wing, the Administrative Block, the Training Complex, the Visits Building and the perimeter wall. Reggie Kray married Roberta Jones in Maidstone prison on 14 July 1997 Jonathan King was an inmate from 2001-2005.
Throughout later prehistory, the landscape around the Medway megaliths continued to be used for ritual and ceremonial purposes, including rich Bronze Age burials, gold deposits in the Late Bronze Age, an Iron Age cemetery with several rich bucket burials and a potential Romano-British temple on Blue Bell Hill. Evidence for a settlement dating to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age has been identified on the western side of the valley by the White Horse Stone, as evidenced by postholes indicating possible roundhouses and numerous four-post structures, alongside pits that might originally have been used for storage. In the Medieval period, the Pilgrim's Way track was constructed close to the megaliths. In the latter 13th century, the Medway Megaliths were systematically damaged, although this was accomplished in different ways.
The area includes evidence of settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, with at least seven roundhouses, likely to date from the Iron Age, up to the time of the Roman Empire. Subsequently, the area would have been used as a Roman marching camp, and has associations with the Severan invasion, ca 200 CE.Aberdeenshire Council: Recent Archaeological Work at Deers Den Aberdeenshire Council: Deers Den, Kintore The marching camp would have been large enough for 10,000 troops to rest. Excavations in the area have found 44 bread ovens and 20 separate buildings over the area. The excavation of 44 bread ovens is the largest number of Roman bread ovens found in one location in the UK. They would have been open flat breads topped with vegetables, similar to modern pizzas.
In 1542 and 1547 he was elected Member of Parliament for Bletchingley which did not have town status and had a smaller forty shilling freeholder electorate than the average of the time, poor enough to be challenged in the courts in 1614.Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988) In 1544 Sir Thomas Cawarden received a patent as Master of Revels and Tents, becoming the first head of an independent office and was knighted at Boulogne in September of that year. Tents were provided for festivals, royal progresses, and in military expeditions. In July and August 1547, Cawarden provided 'hales', 'roundhouses', and a kitchen tent for the mission to Scotland during the war of the Rough Wooing which culminated in the Battle of Pinkie.
Beyond the area of Roman occupation, in the west and north, there are over 60 sites identified of wheelhouses. Perhaps a development of earlier Atlantic roundhouses, these have a characteristic outer wall surrounding a circle of stone piers (bearing a resemblance to the spokes of a wheel).I. Crawford, "The wheelhouse" in B. B. Smith and I. Banks, eds, In the Shadow of the Brochs (Stroud: Tempus, 2002), , pp. 127–28. Over 400 souterrains, small underground constructions, have been discovered in Scotland, many of them in the south-east, and although few have been dated, those that have suggest a construction date in the second or third centuries CE. They are usually found close to settlements (whose timber frames are much less well-preserved) and may have been for storing perishable agricultural products.
Only a small number of the more than 50 roundhouses known to have existed on site have ever been archaeologically excavated. The style of these huts seems largely contiguous throughout the two periods of the fort construction, with a general similarity in size and material found within. This contrasts with other sites which had occupation (or reoccupation) throughout the Roman period and beyond, where a distinct mix of architectural styles and hut shapes can often be observed. The roofing arrangements do, however, show some development on the site, with the dearth of post holes in the huts dated to the first period (Huts 1 and 3) suggesting some kind of wigwam roofing, whereas the hut that was examined from the later period (Hut 4) shows evidence of two systems of roof timbering involving internal posts.
The collection of buildings and structures including the roundhouse, former chargeman's office, amenities building, turntable, ash disposal tunnel and pits, locomotive watering facilities, trackwork, trestling foundations and overhead catenary masts provide insight into the workings of an important transport and freight hub at the height of its operation. The place also has a strong industrial aesthetic quality and is of technical and research significance providing valuable information about the age of steam. The roundhouse building is rare in NSW, being the third roundhouse constructed by the NSW Government Railways, and now the oldest of only seven other remaining roundhouses in the state. This style of building is unique to the railways and there are some building elements of the roundhouse that are unique, principally the roof form, which was not used at any of the other roundhouse sites.
Engraving of thirteen of the Drainie Carved Stones, discovered at Kinneddar in 1855 Kinneddar was one of the major ecclesiastical centres of the Picts, with radiocarbon dating showing activity on the site from the 7th century through to its first appearance in documentary records in the 12th century, and possible activity as early as the late 6th century. The site was surrounded by vallum ditches first cut during the 7th century enclosing an area of 8.6 hectares – the largest such enclosure discovered within the territory of Northern Pictland. Within the enclosure there is evidence of significant settlement and industry, including a smithing hearth and evidence of ironworking, and the postholes of large wooden roundhouses. Annex enclosures to the south of the main enclosure and dating to the 11th and 12th centuries suggest that the site grew in size and importance over time.
In the aftermath of the railway strike of 1877, there were two very divergent tendencies among railroad workers. The Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, the Switchmen, and the Yardmasters did not consider themselves unions, they were mutual aid societies. But men who worked in the depots, the yards, the roundhouses, and the railway machine shops were convinced by events in 1877 that they needed to become more aggressive. The two groups of workers worked peacefully side by side for the most part, until the brotherhoods got involved in a struggle with the Knights of Labor.A History of American Labor, Joseph G. Rayback, 1966, pages 198-199. > The fight reached a climax in 1887-1888 when brotherhood scabs defeated a > strike of the Knights against the Reading Railroad, and the Knights' scabs > in turn defeated an engineer-fireman strike against the Burlington.
By the early 1950s, Guido was already working towards what we now consider an understanding of everyday life in prehistory: locating the position of finds on plans and considering ritual deposits. It is in the work of Guido that we really see the advent of modern settlement studies – through her excavation strategy and her work on hillforts and roundhouses. Between 1951 and 1953, alongside her Scottish fieldwork, she also published a series of English sites, including the hilltop site of Carl Wark (near Sheffield), excavations at Dorchester (Dorset) with R.J.C. Atkinson, and her wartime excavation of an Iron Age barrow burial (Hampshire). It was at this point that she turned her attention to wetland archaeology and arguably her most technically skilled excavation: the crannog site of Milton Loch (Dumfries and Galloway), with its well-preserved timber roundhouse (published in 1953).
The Union had a 3-1 superiority in railroad mileage and (even more important) an overwhelming advantage in engineers and mechanics in the rolling mills, machine shops, factories, roundhouses and repair yards that produced and maintained rails, bridging equipage, locomotives, rolling stock, signaling gear, and telegraph equipment. In peacetime the South imported all its railroad gear from the North; the Union blockade completely cut off such imports. The lines in the South were mostly designed for short hauls, as from cotton areas to river or ocean ports; they were not designed for trips of more than 100 miles or so, and such trips involved numerous changes of trains and layovers. The South's of track comprised enough of a railroad system to handle essential military traffic along some internal lines, assuming it could be defended and maintained.
An excursion train of the Leadville, Colorado and Southern stops at the French Gulch tank Not much of the narrow gauge survives today. There are five surviving Locomotives: C&S; #31 (Baldwin, 1880) is at the Colorado Railroad Museum painted as Denver Leadville and Gunnison 191, C&S; #71 (pictured above) (Baldwin, 1897) is on display in Central City, Colorado, C&S; #9 (Cooke, 1884) is on display in Breckenridge, Colorado, C&S; #60 (Rhode Island, 1886) is on display in Idaho Springs, Colorado, and C&S; #74 (Brooks, 1898) is currently on display at the Colorado Railroad Museam in Golden, Colorado. Two roundhouses survive in Como, Colorado and Leadville, Colorado. Rolling stock has been scattered across the US. Some are on display in Colorado, one mail car found its way to Nebraska, and some boxcars are on the White Pass and Yukon Railroad in Alaska.
Three Neolithic long barrows have been found on Moody's Down which date from between 3,500 and 2,000 B.C., along with Bronze Age bowl barrows at Moody's Down and Newton Down Farm. All of them are designated Scheduled Monuments. The Andyke at Bransbury is an Iron Age ditch and bank, and a remnant of a promontory fort, with some evidence of roundhouses. A Roman road that once linked Winchester to Marlborough and Cirencester crosses the parish via Bransbury Common and signs of a Roman camp can be seen east of Manor Farm. Evidence of Romano-British inhabitants was discovered between Barton Stacey and Bransbury in 1977, in the form of a ‘plank burial' of a woman. The first written record of Barton Stacey (Beretune), Newton Stacey and Bransbury is within the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (855 A.D.) Beretune is thought to be Old English for ‘barley farm’.
Meiningen station in 1859 Grimmenthal station, Go signal box Lichtenfels station Former seat of the Werra Railway Company in Meiningen today In 1841 the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and the duchies of Saxe- Coburg and Gotha and Saxe-Meiningen signed a treaty to establish a railway from Eisenach to Coburg. In 1845 an agreement was made with the Kingdom of Bavaria to connect the Werra Railway to the Ludwig South-North Railway in Lichtenfels and finally in 1855 the newly formed Werra Railway Company (Werra- Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) received a concession to build and operate the line. On 18 February 1856 a groundbreaking ceremony was celebrated in Grimmelshausen near Themar. On 1 November 1858 the whole line was formally opened between Eisenach and Coburg with a length of 130.1 km. There were 17 signal boxes, 10 roundhouses, a depot, 22 houses for railway officials, 128 gatekeepers’ houses, 179 crossings, 63 underpasses or overpasses, 31 bridges and a tunnel at Förtha.
Baltimore's eastern Inner Harbor waterfront at the mouth of the Jones Falls stream was filled with decaying warehouses from the industrial boom and construction following the Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 which devastated downtown to the west. Center of this waterfront industrial district was the landmark but sorely neglected, former passenger station, switching buildings, roundhouses, tracks and rail yards of the historic 1849-50 President Street Station of the former Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (which merged into the later, larger multi-state Pennsylvania Railroad in 1881). Located at the southeastern corner of narrow President Street and Canton Avenue (later renamed Fleet Street), The PSS's foundations were laid in May 1849, and was completed and occupied for business on 18 February 1850. The curved-roof, painted brick "head-house" was of Greek Revival-style and had a long wood and iron-beamed shed to the rear in the east, sheltering arriving and departing trains, with cars and locomotives.
The Cloisters at Gloucester Cathedral, UKHistorically, the early medieval cloister had several antecedents, the peristyle court of the Greco-Roman domus, the atrium and its expanded version that served as forecourt to early Christian basilicas, and certain semi-galleried courts attached to the flanks of early Syrian churches.Horn 1973 gives these sources. Walter Horn suggests that the earliest coenobitic communities, which were established in Egypt by Saint Pachomius, did not result in cloister construction, as there were no lay serfs attached to the community of monks, thus no separation within the walled community was required; Horn finds the earliest prototypical cloisters in some exceptionalThe normal Syrian monastery plan was an open one, Horn observes. late fifth-century monastic churches in southern Syria, such as the Convent of Saints Sergius and Bacchus, at Umm-is-Surab (AD 489), and the colonnaded forecourt of the convent of Id-Dêr,Horn 1973, plans, figs 9 and 10 but nothing similar appeared in the semieremitic Irish monasteries' clustered roundhouses nor in the earliest Benedictine collective communities of the West.
Poe directly supervised the dismantling of all buildings and structures in Atlanta that could have provided any military value to the Confederates once Sherman abandoned the city; rail depots, roundhouses, arsenals and storage areas were manually disassembled and the combustible materials then destroyed by controlled fires (however, Poe was incensed at the level of uncontrolled arson by marauding soldiers not of his unit which resulted in heavy damage to civilian homes.) He served in this capacity past the fall of Atlanta to the end of the war. Dozens of river crossings, poor or non-existent roads and the extensive swamps of southern Georgia would have fatally slowed Sherman's force had not Poe's skills as leader of the bridge, road and pontoon building units kept the army moving. He also continued to supervise destruction of Confederate infrastructure. Promoted by Sherman by two steps in rank to colonel after the fall of Savannah, he continued in that capacity in the war's concluding Carolinas Campaign as Sherman headed northwards from Savannah to link up with Grant and the Army of the Potomac in Virginia and to cut another swath through South and North Carolina.
Hut near the Nuraghe Palmavera, Alghero The Nuragic civilization was probably based on clans, each led by a chief, who resided in the complex nuraghe, with common people living in the nearby villages of stone roundhouses with straw roofs, similar to the modern pinnettas of the Barbagia shepherds. In the late final Bronze Age and in the Early Iron Age phases, the houses were built with a more complex plan, with multiple rooms often positioned around a courtyard; in the Nuragic settlement of Sant'Imbenia, located by the coast, some structures were not used for living purposes, but for the storing of precious metals, food and other goods and they were built around a huge square, interpreted by archaeologists as a marketplace. The construction of rectangular houses and structures built with dried bricks is attested in some sites across the island since the late Bronze Age. Water management was essential for the Nuragic people, most complex Nuraghi were provided with at least a well; Nuraghe Arrubiu, for example, presented a complex hydraulic implant for the drainage of water Another testimony to the Nuragic prowess in the creation of hydraulic implants is the aqueduct of Gremanu, the only known Nuragic aqueduct yet.

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