Suddenly, you're up at all hours, watching vertical-farming videos on YouTube, ordering seed packets from eBay, buying rhizomes— rhizomes!
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Now that's a man who can handle his rhizomes, amirite?
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He tells me it's a perfect day for the wasabi rhizomes.
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The infecting tips of the fungi's rhizomes could have low rates of cell division.
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Indeed, its roots and rhizomes form a thick underground "mat" that holds on to soil particles.
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But artistic and philosophical movements work as rhizomes do — they're continually spreading across time and space.
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All through the state of Utah, cryptobiotic soil layers the surface in plural non-cartesian rhizomes.
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Not only does it reproduce by seed, it also spreads by rhizomes, which are long, slender underground stems.
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Over time, its rhizomes grow deeper, connecting with others nearby, getting stronger as they form an invisible network under the ground.
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Most often found near stream edges and wet woodlands, it's a difficult plant to get rid of because it spreads via rhizomes.
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The species Dictyota dichotoma becomes a bundle of thick, tangled rhizomes, while Furcellaria fastigiata comprises spindlier, daintier strands that look like nerve endings.
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Many of the spices used in Western cooking come from the seeds, bark, roots, rhizomes, flowers and fruits of plants born in Asia.
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Shizuoka, where gnarly rhizomes with heart-shaped leaves have been cultivated for centuries on the Pacific Ocean, is known for its wasabi-flavored bars.
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If wheat rhizomes could be encouraged, by genomic breeding or genome editing, to behave likewise, the benefits for everyone except fertiliser companies would be enormous.
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The researchers have also suggested that the carbs in these rhizomes could've "perhaps [facilitated] the mobility of human populations" in Africa during the Middle Stone Age.
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If you plow a field with quackgrass, you will inadvertently cut up pieces of rhizomes which will then sprout, giving rise to more quack grass, and so on.
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Each stem can top 15 feet tall, and is anchored by rhizomes and roots that can send out new shoots from a distance of more than 20 feet.
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The charred but otherwise well-preserved pieces were determined to be rhizomes, and all 55 of the collected specimens were later identified as identified as Hypoxis, or the Yellow Star flower.
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A small work, "Contemporary Rhizomes of the New Jerusalem" (2016), in the style of Spanish colonial ex-voto paintings by former Arquetopia resident Matthew Couper also connects the past to the present.
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A little carriage arrives in the morning, the folding tables are put out, and you've got rhizomes barely out of the ground, super fresh galangas with finely minced pink stems—all this in the street.
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There were stacks of birds' nests in a fancy box, and also pig parts, a chicken with black skin and bones, long white radishes and longer burdock, goji, longan, red dates, black vinegar, and packets of fungi, flower buds, and withered rhizomes.
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I couldn't think of the entry right below this, either, and now I can't get this out of my head: 49A: TIL that licorice and ANISE are two completely different and quite unrelated plants, not one with licorice roots (rhizomes, actually) and anise seeds.
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With the docent oozing concerned utterances in my general direction, I fled through Mangakāhia's rhizomes and caught a ferry back to the sliver of shipping container I'd reserved on the Marion Barry Inlet (of course I didn't tell my mom I was in town, fuck's sake).
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IN NICARAGUA, Dávila and González leave their turmeric plants in the fields for two years instead of the typical six to 12 months, and that longer gestation — abetted by partial shade instead of direct sunlight — appears to have boosted the amount of curcumin in the rhizomes as well as deepened their orange hue.
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Other plants with stolons below the soil surface include many grasses, Ajuga, Mentha, and Stachys. Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) has rhizomes that grow stolon-like stems called stoloniferous rhizomes or leptomorph rhizomes. A number of plants have stoloniferous rhizomes including Asters. These stolon-like rhizomes are long and thin, with long internodes and indeterminate growth with lateral buds at the node, which mostly remain dormant.
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This competitive species is often found in large monotypic stands. It is mainly vegetative, spreading via systems of cordlike rhizomes. Shorter rhizomes produce tufts, clumps, and mats, and longer rhizomes form wide, matted colonies.
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Some plants have rhizomes that grow above ground or that lie at the soil surface, including some Iris species, and ferns, whose spreading stems are rhizomes. Plants with underground rhizomes include gingers, bamboo, the Venus flytrap, Chinese lantern, western poison-oak, hops, and Alstroemeria, and the weeds Johnson grass, Bermuda grass, and purple nut sedge. Rhizomes generally form a single layer, but in giant horsetails, can be multi-tiered. Many rhizomes have culinary value, and some, such as zhe'ergen, are commonly consumed raw.
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Soil is ideally a sandy loam with pH 6.5 to 7.2. The plant produces two types of subterranean rhizomes. Under long-daylength conditions, rhizomes grow horizontally and then turn upwards forming daughter plants. Under short- daylength conditions, the rhizomes grow downward and produce a corm at the tip.
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Lycopodiella are non-flowering plants. They have leafy rhizomes that grow along the ground and vertical, leafy shoots, also known as peduncles. Fertile peduncles have strobili at the top of the shoot. Individuals can have short, creeping rhizomes with simple strobili, branching rhizomes with many strobili, or anywhere in between.
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Iris hexagona has thick (around 2–2. cm in diameter), greenish, branching rhizomes, that can spread to form large colonies of plants. The rhizomes are shallow rooted and can spread up to per plant. Arising from the rhizomes are the basal leaves, which are yellow-green to bright green and sword-shaped.
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Environmental Reviews 15: 1–35. Its rhizomes are tolerant to low oxygen levels found in wetland soils.Laing, H. E. (1940). Respiration of the rhizomes of Nuphar advenum and other water plants.
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The rhizomes of the plant can be used in herbal medicines to be used as a laxative. The rhizomes also contain as isoflavone (containing a scent) which is used in perfumery.
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This species has long strap-shaped leaves, rounded leaf tips and thin rhizomes that are <3 mm in diameter. There are visible cross-veins in the leaf. The rhizomes are either dark brown or yellow. Young rhizomes are typically yellow, but the leaves of this plant can turn red if they're under high sunlight.
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Hexastylis arifolia is an evergreen, perennial herb with no above-ground stems, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves are hairless, of two sorts. Small, scale-like leaves adhere to the underground rhizomes, while larger green, heart-shaped leaves emerge above ground. Flowers are formed one at a time, on the ends of the rhizomes.
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The rhizomes are taken out when the water is reduced to one-third of the original and they are soft and their inner portion has turned from blue to dark or pale brown. The rhizomes are then dried in hot sun for 10 to 15 days until hardened. These dried rhizomes are then packed for marketing.
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In December 1884, a study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris milesii and Iris kemaonensis (under old spelling kumaonensis). It found several isoflavones in both rhizomes. Including 'iriskumaonin' methyl ether, iriskumaonin (C18H24O7,John Buckingham, V. Ranjit N. Munasinghe ), irisflorentin, junipegenin-A, irigenin and iridin.J. B. Harborne Irilin D (C17H14O7) has also been found in the rhizomes.
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The old and damaged rhizomes should be removed before replanting.
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Veratramine is a hypotensive alkaloid isolated from the rhizomes of Veratrum.
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Sunderland, Ma, Sinauer Associates, Inc. The rhizomes of Pteridium esculentum were consumed by the Maori during their settlement of New Zealand in the 13th century, but no longer are a part of the Maori diet. The rhizomes of Pteridium esculentum contain about 50% starch when they grow in loose rich soil, at relatively deep depths. The rhizomes were a staple in the diet because once dried, the rhizomes were very light (perfect for travelling) and would keep for about a year as long as they remained dry.
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Many species have long been used as food in China. Leaves, stems, and rhizomes are used raw or cooked and served as a side dish with meat and rice. The rhizomes of two local species are eaten with chicken's or pig's feet during festivals. The rhizomes are used to make tea or soaked in wine or liquor to flavor the beverages.
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It has slender rhizomes,Richard Lynch which are up to 1 cm in diameter.British Iris Society (1997) They do not have stolons, and new growths of rhizomes, are on the sides of the old rhizomes. They form tufts, and spreading plants. It has pale glaucous green, narrow leaves, that can grow up to between long, and between 0.5 and 0.7 cm wide.
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The C. indica (achira) rhizomes are large, up to in length, and edible.FAO, "Canna edulis ", accessed 23 Feb 2016. They can be eaten raw, but are usually baked. Cooked, the rhizomes become translucent, mucilaginous, and sweet.
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Corallorrhiza mertensiana has no roots, only hard, branched rhizomes that resemble coral.
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Examples of plants that are propagated this way include hops, asparagus, ginger, irises, lily of the valley, cannas, and sympodial orchids. Some rhizomes that are used directly in cooking include ginger, turmeric, galangal, fingerroot, and lotus. Stored rhizomes are subject to bacterial and fungal infections, making them unsuitable for replanting and greatly diminishing stocks. However, rhizomes can also be produced artificially from tissue cultures.
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Iris milesii from Jardin des Plantes, Botanical garden in Paris, France In May 1984, a study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris milesii, to ascertain their chemical constituency. Several isoflavones (chemical compounds) were found. In December 1884, a further study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris milesii and Iris kemaonensis (under old spelling 'kumaonensis'). It found several isoflavones in both rhizomes.
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The female lays over 300 eggs one by one in the lower leaves and rhizomes of the salvinia plant. The larva is white in color and about 4 millimeters long. It burrows through rhizomes and feeds voraciously on new buds, warping and stunting the plant until it eventually sinks. The larva pupates underwater amongst the rhizomes of the plants in a cocoon it weaves from root hairs.
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Lathyrus latifolius can reproduce vegetatively from its taproot and rhizomes, or by reseeding.
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In the US, the rhizomes are susceptible to being dug up by squirrels.
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The plant reproduces by seed and by sprouting from stolons and underground rhizomes.
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They base this analysis on a number features, including evidence that the rhizomes were subterranean, and that rhizomes were still living when erect stems had decayed. The plant described as Kidstonophyton discoides is possibly the male gametophyte of Nothia aphylla.
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The flower is bisexual and has three stamina and a three-stigma pistil, with the inflorescence having three to eight unequal spikes. The fruit is a three-angled achene. Young plants initially form white, fleshy rhizomes, up to in dimension, in chains. Some rhizomes grow upward in the soil, then form a bulb-like structure from which new shoots and roots grow, and from the new roots, new rhizomes grow.
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Harvested rhizome Black turmeric powder The cultivation and harvest practices are similar to that of common turmeric. In the fields, the rhizomes are washed thoroughly and are placed in a wide mouthed cauldron. The water is poured in the cauldron such that the rhizomes are completely covered. The cauldron is covered with a lid, and the rhizomes are boiled for about 30 minutes until foam oozes out with a strong odour.
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Rhizomarasmius undatus (syn. Marasmius undatus) is a small mushroom which grows on fern rhizomes.
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Journal of genetics and genomics= Yi chuan xue bao, 42(3), 129. Rhizome bud viability: The strong rhizome bud viability of L. mollis also contributes to the species’ adaptability. Leymus mollis rhizomes have potential to spread and colonize a large distance from a source population due to their bud’s ability to survive in seawater during seawater submergence. Although L. mollis does not have as brittle of rhizomes as some species native to the same areas, such as Ammophilia arenaria, and therefore does not break into rhizome fragments as easily, many other rhizomes have a lower viability than L. mollis rhizomes.
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Flowering plants often produce no stolons. Convolvulus arvensis is a weed species in agriculture that spreads by under ground stolons that produce rhizomes. In studies on grass species, with plants that produce stolons or rhizomes and plants that produce both stolons and rhizomes, morphological and physiological differences were noticed. Stolons have longer internodes and function as means of seeking out light and are used for propagation of the plant, while rhizomes are used as storage organs for carbohydrates and the maintenance of meristem tissue to keep the parent plant alive from one year to the next.
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R. piliferus on the other hand has sepals that are hairy on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. It is a robust, summer-green, rhizomatous plant. The plant has numerous branched rhizomes. The rhizomes are fleshy, stout, and 10–12 mm in diameter.
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Usually epiphytic or epipetric. Rhizomes dictyostelic, dorsiventral, densely scaly. Stipes articulate at base. Phyllopodia short.
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Reconstruction of the rhizomes of Nothia aphylla, based on Stylized reconstruction of part of the fertile region of the aerial stem of Nothia aphylla, based on The sporophyte of Nothia aphylla consisted of thin underground and aerial stems (axes). The underground stems or rhizomes were up to 2 mm in diameter and branched laterally. The underside of the rhizomes had a longitudinal ridge from which unicellular rhizoids emerged. There were no true roots.
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Iris rhizomes can be toxic. Larger blue flag (I. versicolor) and other species often grown in gardens and widely hybridized contain elevated amounts of the toxic glycoside iridin. These rhizomes can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or skin irritation, but poisonings are not normally fatal.
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Alternatively, the vegetable can also be planted after the harvest of lotus. Another alternative way is to not harvest the lotus rhizome, although it is ripe. A terricolous vegetable is planted between the rhizomes into the drained field. The rhizomes are then harvested next March.
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Aconitum tauricum is a tall spindly erect to scandent forb which is perennial from rhizomes. Rhizomes are not globose. It has divided leaves with faintly visible net-like leaf veins on the underside (stem leafes). The flowering period extends primarily from August to October.
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The plant propagates through its wind-dispersed seeds, and also vegetatively by stolons and shallow rhizomes.
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It prefers acidic soils. It produces seeds but is usually propagated using cuttings of the rhizomes.
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This species has rhizomes, that are between 0.7mm and 1.5 cm in diameter. They are also faintly light green in colour, and have distinct nodes. On top of the rhizome is scars and the remains of last seasons leaves. The rhizomes spread outward into clumps of plants.
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I. paradoxa is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial. The rhizomes are slender and usually less than 1 cm in diameter.British Iris Society (1997) It also has secondary roots underneath the rhizomes. It has greenish-gray, or blue-green leaves, that are recurved or falcate (sickle- like) shaped.
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This plant reproduces by spores, but its primary means of reproduction is done vegetatively by rhizomes. These rhizome systems are deep and extensive, as well as extremely long-lived. These creeping rhizomes occasionally produce tubers, and often outweigh the above- ground growth by 100 to 1.
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Young (left) and mature inflorescences Holcus mollis is a rhizomatous perennial grass found in woods and hedgerows, growing to tall. It has rhizomes that occur around deep in soil or sometimes deeper. Rhizome growth occurs in the period May to November but is fastest from mid-June to mid-July. The rhizomes have many dormant buds that do not develop unless the rhizomes are disturbed and then fresh aerial shoots may arise from the broken fragments.
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Phalaris arundinacea. Flora of China. This is a perennial grass which spreads underground by its thick rhizomes.
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Pseudelephantopus spicatus is a perennial herb spreading by underground rhizomes. Flowers are white to pinkish or purplish.
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It grows from a tuber and spreads vegetatively by sending out underground rhizomes that produce new tubers.
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It can also be propagated by division (splitting the rhizomes of established plants) or by seed growing.
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Most perennials are iteroparous (or polycarpic), which means they reproduce multiple times during their lifespan. Rice rhizomes.
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The fragrant water-lily has both medicinal and edible parts. The seeds, leaves, flowers and rhizomes can all be eaten. The rhizomes were also used by Native Americans to treat coughs and colds. The stem could be used to treat tooth aches if placed directly on the tooth.
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Burma reed reproduces by seed and through underground stems called rhizomes. Burma reed plants flower twice each year, producing hundreds of thousands of tiny seeds that are dispersed by the wind. New clumps of Burma reed emerge from rhizomes that may be embedded in sand, soil, or rubble.
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Hopia obtusa is a perennial grass with stems up to tall. It has long, creeping rhizomes or shallow rhizomes with swollen, villous nodes. The culms are usually in small, compressed, glaucous clumps that are either erect or decumbent. Nodes are hairy lower on the plant but glabrous higher up.
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Species of Scadoxus grow from bulbs or rhizomes. Bulbous species usually also have distinct rhizomes. Particularly in the non-bulbous species, the petioles (leaf stalks) overlap to produce a false stem or pseudostem, which may be purple- spotted. The leaf blades are lanceolate to ovate with a thickened midrib.
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Some parts of the iris are poisonous. Because both the foliage and rhizomes are deadly toxic, most mammalian herbivores usually leave Iris untouched, although the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) occasionally feeds on their rhizomes and lower stems and the White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) sometimes nibbles the leaf edges.
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It often grows as part of the heath complex in an oak–heath forest. G. procumbens spreads by means of long rhizomes, which are within the top of soil. Because of the shallow nature of the rhizomes, it does not survive most forest fires, but a brief or mild fire may leave rhizomes intact, from which the plant can regrow even if the above-ground shrub was consumed. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
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Kyllinga melanosperma is a species of sedge, covered with dark brown scales that culm together to form rhizomes that are about long. The rhizomes are thick with a purple-brown sheath at the bottom. Kyllinga melanosperma is found in tropical Africa, southern and southeastern Asia. Kyllinga melanosperma propagates by seed.
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In Asia the rhizomes are ground to powder for use in curries, drinks, and jellies. In India an extract is used in perfumes, and Tatars prepare a tea with it. Alpinia officinarum contains high concentrations of the flavonol galangin. Historically, the rhizomes were reputed to have stimulant and digestive effects.
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Hydrogen sulfide fumigation reduces enzymatic browning and therefore ensures rhizome quality. Dipping the rhizomes in a salt solution prevents oxidation and bacterial reproduction, which allows storage for up to five months and a greater export ability. This treatment is related to high cost and inefficient cleaning process before eating the rhizomes.
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Butomus umbellatus is cultivated as an ornamental waterside plant. In parts of Russia the rhizomes are used as food.
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The lemma has three veins and hairy margins. The glumes are persistent after fruiting. It spreads with elongated rhizomes.
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The antioxidant activity of diarylheptanoids isolated from rhizomes of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae) is greater than that of α-tocopherol.
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Curcuma caesia, black turmeric or black zedoary, a perennial herb with bluish- black rhizomes, is native to northeast India.
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Flora of North America. Retrieved 11-07-2011. The plant reproduces via spores and spreads vegetatively via underground rhizomes.
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Chicory rhizomes or roots are readily detected, upon fracture, by their radially arranged laticiferous vessels in the bark region.
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The ability to easily grow rhizomes from tissue cultures leads to better stocks for replanting and greater yields. The plant hormones ethylene and jasmonic acid have been found to help induce and regulate the growth of rhizomes, specifically in rhubarb. Ethylene that was applied externally was found to affect internal ethylene levels, allowing easy manipulations of ethylene concentrations. Knowledge of how to use these hormones to induce rhizome growth could help farmers and biologists producing plants grown from rhizomes more easily cultivate and grow better plants.
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They have hairy edges. The fruit is a brown achene. The plant reproduces sexually by seed and colonies spread via vegetative reproduction, sprouting from the rhizomes. This plant, particularly the rhizomes, are a food source of muskrat, nutria, and other animals; it is strongly favored by the snow goose in its wintering grounds.
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Currently most rhizomes are consumed fresh and it is not common to store them due to their poor shelf life performance. This limits export possibilities for low-income production countries in Asia. Rhizomes quickly lose water, oxidation occurs and nutrient composition changes within a short time after harvest. Optimal storage temperatures range between .
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The Land Institute. To overcome this, breeding efforts have focused on deeper rhizomes that can survive below the frost line.
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Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum is a tufted perennial with short rhizomes. It grows to between 1 m and 1.2 m in height.
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The achenes are dispersed by the wind, and the plant can also spread by vegetative growth from stolons or rhizomes.
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American Journal of Botany 23(1) 16-20. It will also reproduce by rhizomes and by seeds. Tolmiea menziesii foliage.
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The plant resprouts from its rhizomes, after fire. It is easily distinguished from Conostylis argentea by its terete hairless leaves.
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Calflora . 2.12.2013 Its creeping rhizomes can spread across moist soil. This perennial plant can grow in elevations less than high.
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It has short, erect rhizomes, and chartaceous, glabrous, pinnate leaves of 10-50 cm length and 4-10 cm width.
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Species of Dipteris grow from creeping rhizomes,F. O. Bower and have large stalks to the sporangium and annulus. The rhizomes have bristles (or hairs) and the fronds have uniseriate hairs (having one line or series). All species of Dipteris have spore-capsules that are carried on the lower surface of the broad lobed frond.
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Iris hookeriana is very similar in form to Iris kemaonensis (another Pseudoregelia Iris), but has slender rhizomes, long stem and short perianth tube. But both have mottled flowers and have similar cultivation needs. It has a slender, fleshy and knobbly (or gnarled) rhizomes, that are light brown. They are similar in form to Iris tectorum.
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They are usually about as long as the bracts but can be substantially longer. The height of the plant overall is typically between , though it occasionally can grow as tall as . Its rhizomes are about thick. Unlike its relative Zingiber officinale, the rhizomes are not edible, and it is not used as a spice.
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An antique spurge plant, Euphorbia antiquorum, sending out rhizomes Lotus rhizome sliced and peeled Turmeric rhizome, whole and ground into a spice Stolons growing from nodes from a corm of Crocosmia In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (, from "mass of roots", from "cause to strike root") is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow horizontally. The rhizome also retains the ability to allow new shoots to grow upwards.
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Closeup of bamboo stalk Bamboo Canopy The two general patterns for the growth of bamboo are "clumping", and "running", with short and long underground rhizomes, respectively. Clumping bamboo species tend to spread slowly, as the growth pattern of the rhizomes is to simply expand the root mass gradually, similar to ornamental grasses. "Running" bamboos, though, need to be controlled during cultivation because of their potential for aggressive behavior. They spread mainly through their rhizomes, which can spread widely underground and send up new culms to break through the surface.
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Like water bamboo, the rhizomes and roots of this species have air canals as an adaptation for living in wet soil.
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The rhizomes of Coptis chinensis contain the isoquinoline alkaloids berberine,Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases palmatine, and coptisine among others.
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Seashore Paspalum. Cooperative Extension, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. It spreads by its rhizomes and stolons, forming a thick turf.Paspalum vaginatum.
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The spreading rhizomes sprout repeatedly to form colonies of stems. The stems are tall,Panicum repens. Grass Manual Treatment. sometimes reaching .
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Hymenophyllum wilsonii, the Wilson's filmy-fern, is a small, fragile, perennial leptosporangiate fern which forms large dense colonies from creeping rhizomes.
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60, 1-167. The larva is a detritivore associated with decaying rhizomes of Typha latifolia and with beds of Glyceria maxima.
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First, vertical dispersion ensures sufficient depth to preserve the seeds through their dormancy (trillium seeds are normally dormant for their first year). Second, vertical dispersion ensures adequate anchorage of the rhizomes. This is particularly important for young plants because their small rhizomes, with few & short roots, are easily dislodged (e.g. frost heaveal and other erosion factors) and desiccated.
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The rhizomes are sensitive to frost and will rot if left unprotected in freezing conditions. In areas with winter temperatures below in the winter (< USDA Zone 8b), the rhizomes can be dug up before freezing and stored (above ) for replanting in the spring. Otherwise, they should be protected by a thick layer of mulch over winter.
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Deep brown color on flattened rhizomes which are profusely dichotomously branched. Each is attached by branched root-like structures coming out of the sides of the rhizomes. Slender main stipes (about wide to long) come from the rhizome which is up to at the widest. Periodically wide and long flattened leaf-like branches derive from the stipe.
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This perennial grass spreads via its large, branching rhizomes, which are thick and pointed. The pointed shape of the rhizome tip gives the plant the name torpedograss. The rhizomes creep along the ground or float in water, forming floating mats. They can reach a length of and a soil depth of , and they can form a mat thick.
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The plant is difficult to control due to its extensive rhizomes and deeply buried tubers. Fire, mowing, or slashing is ineffective at removing the plant as new stems quickly grow from the rhizomes. Some herbicides remove aerial growth but regrowth quickly occurs albeit with a reduction in frond density. E. arvense is a nonflowering plant, multiplying through spores.
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Hilaria rigida is a long-lived, shrubby or bushy, clumping perennial grass producing coarse, erect stems reaching in maximum height. It spreads from hard, woody rhizomes to form grayish, hairy, open, erect hummocks and clumps. The clumps can live to more than 100 years old. Its primary means of reproduction is by rhizomes, possibly also by tillering.
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A flowering plant occurring in dense meadows, or along channels, in white sand. It is found at depths from 1 metre to 15 metres. Subsurface rhizomes and roots provide stability in the sands it occupies, erect rhizomes and leaves reduce the accumulation of silt. The leaves are ribbon-like and between 11 and 20 mm wide.
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Corydalis cheilanthifolia, the fern-leaved corydalis or fern-leaf corydalis, is a perennial growing from rhizomes, native to western and central China.
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Norbergenin is a chemical compound. It is the O-demethylated derivative of bergenin. It can be isolated from rhizomes of Bergenia stracheyi.
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The rhizomes are edible. Evidence of preserved starch grains on grinding stones suggests they were already eaten in Europe 30,000 years ago.
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The rhizomes are planted flush with the ground, and have long secondary roots that go deep into the soil to find nutrients.
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The extensive rhizomes help prevent erosion by stabilizing streambanks. A. douglasiana is susceptible to infection by Xylella fastidiosa which causes Pierce's disease.
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Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside is a bitter-tasting flavonol glycoside. It can be isolated from the rhizomes of the fern Selliguea feei.
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Flora of North America. The plant grows from rhizomes and fibrous roots; despite its common name, it does not usually form stolons.
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This structure produces a series of horizontal rhizomes at 45 degree angles which produces a clonal colony of plants in an octagonal pattern.
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In Turkish folk medicine, the rhizomes of Iris species called Turkey ‘navruz’ or ‘su¨sen’ have been applied as diuretics, carminatives and laxatives.
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It can be propagated by division of the rhizomes or by seed growing. In the wild the seed are spread by the wind.
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The leaves die back in the austral autumn, so G. magellanica perennates as under-ground rhizomes, and is therefore classified as a cryptophyte.
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"Imaging Place: The Choragraphic Method," Imaging Place, edited by Craig Saper, W.F. Garrett-Petts, and John Craig Freeman, Rhizomes, Vol. 18, Winter, 2008.
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The Flight period is May to September.Beris morrisi Larvae have been found in tunnels of Cheilosia canicularis Panzer (Syrphidae) in rhizomes of Petasites.
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The Gilroy Genuine ginger beer is brewed using a combination of four varieties of real ginger rhizomes, malted barley, sucrose, and ale yeast.
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The fruit of this species may be cooked and eaten with lentils in savoury dishes. Crushed rhizomes, both fresh and dried, are very aromatic with a fragrant, somewhat pungent smell similar to orris root but more powerful. In Manipur, the rhizome is cooked to prepare chutney. "Abir", a fragrant coloured powder marketed for religious ceremonies, is prepared from its dried rhizomes.
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The rhizomes of W. oroszii are erect in positioning and grow up to in diameter, larger than W. yakimaensis. The dictyostele is made of five to seven oval meristeles and has a maximum diameter of . The frond bases are flattened on the upper sides and generally produced by the rhizomes in groups of two to four in a helical arrangement.
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Unlike the ti populations in Southeast Asia and Near Oceania, this cultivar is almost entirely sterile in the further islands of eastern Polynesia. It can be propagated only by cuttings from the stalks or the rhizomes. It is speculated that this was the result of deliberate artificial selection, probably because they produce larger and less fibrous rhizomes more suitable for use as food.
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November was the favourite month for preparing kāuru in the South Island. After drying, the harvested stems or rhizomes were steamed for 24 hours or more in the umu tī pit. Steaming converted the carbohydrate fructan in the stems to very sweet fructose. The cooked stems or rhizomes were then flattened by beating and carried back to villages for storage.
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There are three different approaches to storing rhizomes. By stacking the rhizomes, they are storable and remain fresh for about three weeks. Special stacking with silver sand and soil results in five to six layers that prevent water loss, thus the rhizome stays fresh for up to two months. However the method is not suitable for commercialization but rather for home use.
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Eurybia divaricata is a late summer to fall-flowering herbaceous perennial, typically growing to heights between 30 and 90 cm, though some specimens may be up to tall. The plant emerges each year from rhizomes and forms dense colonies of clones that lack sterile rosettes. The rhizomes are branched, elongated and become woody with age. One simple erect stem is present per plant.
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They can be used planted by the edges of ponds and pools or they can be planted in the water. But they need the rhizomes to be pinned into the ground to stop them floating away. Also the rhizomes must be covered in gravel to stop fish disturbing the roots. They can also be planted in streams, but not heavy flowing rivers.
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The achira rhizomes are wrapped with achira leaves and placed in a pit with heated rocks. The pit is then filled with dirt and the achira is slowly baked underground.Gade, Daniel W. (1966), "Achira, the Edible Canna, Its Cultivation and Use in the Peruvian Andes", Economic Botany, Vol 20, No. 4, pp. 409–413 The Achira rhizomes consist of 73% water.
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It is a geophyte, which has small rhizomes, that are on the surface of the soil, so that they can feel the heat of the sun. Under the rhizome, they have extremely long secondary roots. It has greyish-green, semi-evergreen leaves, which are thin and can grow up to between long. The rhizomes and leaves form small clumps of plants.
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Sumacs propagate both by seed (spread by birds and other animals through their droppings), and by new shoots from rhizomes, forming large clonal colonies.
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They stop growing below 14 degree Celsius (57 Fahrenheit). Banana rhizomes are planted upright and their roots have to be well covered with soil.
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These are smaller than greater galangal which have a stronger peppery pine-like bite that is lacking in the sweeter rhizomes of lesser galangal.
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The spleenwort is a small, terrestrial, lithophytic fern with shortly creeping rhizomes, and with fronds up to 90 mm long held in a crown.
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The glumes are hairless. The orange or yellow anthers are in length. It does not form rhizomes. It is exceptionally resistant to cattle grazing.
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It is a tufted perennial bunchgrass from 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres in height. Flowers are yellow or brown. It reproduces asexually by short rhizomes.
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Out of all the plants in this genus, Blephilia hirsuta has the largest leaves. The stems grow from a system of rhizomes with fibrous roots.
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In addition, Arnica forms rhizomes, which grow in a two-year cycle: the rosette part grows at its front while its tail is slowly dying.
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They form a characteristic 'basket' that collect litter and organic debris, hence the common name. The collected debris decompose into humus, providing the plants with nutrients it would otherwise not have received from being suspended above the ground. Both frond types grow from rhizomes typically anchored to a tree or a rock. The rhizomes of basket ferns are creeping and densely covered in brown scales.
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It is similar in form to Iris tectorum (another crested iris).British Iris Society (1997) It has a short, thick, fleshy, greenish rhizomes,James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) which are 1–1.5 cm in diameter, they are larger than other crested irises. Underneath the rhizomes, are fleshy roots. The rhizome is marked on top, with marks or scars of previous seasons leaves.
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It is a perennial grass forming stiff, hardy clumps of erect stems up to in height. It grows from a network of thick rhizomes which give it a sturdy anchor in its sand substrate and allow it to spread upward as sand accumulates. These rhizomes can grow laterally by 2 metres (7 feet) in six months. One clump can produce 100 new shoots annually.
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Bergenia crassifolia is used as a tea substitute in its native Siberia, Altay and Mongolia. For medicinal purposes, rhizomes are used, which are collected by hand, cleaned and washed in cold running water. Large rhizomes are cut into long pieces. After preliminary drying, they are dried in the shade or in a well-ventilated area, laid out in a layer of 5 cm on paper or fabric.
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Today Iris essential oil (absolute) from flowers are sometimes used in aromatherapy as sedative medicines. The dried rhizomes are also given whole to babies to help in teething. Gin brands such as Bombay Sapphire and Magellan Gin use orris root and sometimes iris flowers for flavor and color.Kathi Keville For orris root production, iris rhizomes are harvested, dried, and aged for up to 5 years.
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The spores are born in sporangia clustered in large sori that are usually positioned on the lobes or at the sinus between frond lobes. Some species of Platycerium are solitary having only one rhizome. Other species form colonies when their rhizomes branch or when new rhizomes are formed from root tips. If the conditions are right the spores will germinate naturally on surrounding trees.
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The shrub spreads through rhizomes underground, making it very difficult to remove. Unlike other invasive species, this plant can easily establish itself and continue to spread in ecosystems that have not experienced a disturbance. Cutting the canes to the ground, or burning thickets of Rubus armeniacus are ineffective removal strategies. The best practices for removal include digging up the rhizomes and connecting underground structures, and herbicides.
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Growing to tall, the plant is herbaceous, dying back down to its root-like rhizomes by mid summer. The rhizomes spread just below the earth surface and multiply quickly, contributing to its rapid spread in woodland conditions. The flower is about diameter, with from five to eight petal-like segments (actually tepals) of rich yellow colouring. In its native range, it flowers between March and May.
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Ball of fibrous material on shore Posidonia oceanica is a flowering plant which lives in dense meadows or along channels in the sands of the Mediterranean. It is found at depths from , according to water clarity. Subsurface rhizomes and roots stabilize the plant while erect rhizomes and leaves reduce silt accumulation. The leaves are ribbon-like, appearing in tufts of 6 or 7, and up to long.
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With cool temperatures, the foliage, roots, rhizomes, and basal bulbs die, but the tubers survive and resprout the following spring when soil temperatures remain above . They can resprout up to several years later. When the tubers germinate, many rhizomes are initiated and end in a basal bulb near the soil surface. These basal bulbs initiate the stems and leaves above ground, and fibrous roots underground.
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Educational researcher Terry Anderson has criticized the way in which advocates of rhizomatic learning seem to attack the idea of formal education as a whole. George Siemens, one of the inventors of massive open online courses, has questioned the usefulness of the rhizomatic metaphor when compared to traditional network analysis: > I don’t see rhizomes as possessing a similar capacity (to networks) to > generate insight into learning, innovation, and complexity... Rhizomes then, > are effective for describing the structure and form of knowledge and > learning...[h]owever, beyond the value of describing the form of curriculum > as decentralized, adaptive, and organic, I’m unsure what rhizomes contribute > to knowledge and learning.
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There seems to be one generation per year. The larvae feed on Mentha species. The larvae bore into the stem and rhizomes of the host plant.
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It is a spreading perennial tussock grass from in height. Its flowers are green or purple. It reproduces asexually by use of both stolons and rhizomes.
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Preparations from the rhizomes of Aglaomorpha fortunei are used in traditional herbal medicine for aiding in the healing of bone fractures and for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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Cluster fescue grows in bunches. It does not have rhizomes. The leaves vary between 4 and 10. It's panicles droop towards the ground as they ripen.
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The flowering period extended from mid Summer until early Fall. Fruits are ovoid to elliptical capsules, containing numerous minute seeds. This plant has scaly underground rhizomes.
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It is often confused with Hypericum dolabriforme where their ranges overlap. H. sphaerocarpum can be distinguished by its smaller flowers, glossy leaves, and patch-forming rhizomes.
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If cooked carefully, the rhizomes taste like taro and the leaves like spinach. But without careful washing, the food causes an unpleasant tingling or scratchy sensation.
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The plant spreads by rhizomes, and there are also small bulblets (also known as bulbils) at the base of each leaf. Flowers are borne in spring.
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Starchy tubers, rhizomes, underground stems and bulbs were valued for the energy they provided, and if starchy enough, could also be dried and ground into a flour.
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The rhizomes of aromatic ginger have been reported to contain cineol, borneol, 3-carene, camphene, kaempferol, kaempferide, cinnamaldehyde, p-methoxycinnamic acid, ethyl cinnamate, and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate.
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Their stems are spongy with aerenchyma tissue. The longest stems can reach 4 meters. They are perennial, sometimes with rhizomes. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped.Hymenachne.
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Lattmann et al. (2010) and Salama et al. (2012) have been published the Antivenom activity of some phytochemical compounds isolated from plant rhizomes extract against Ophiophagus hannah.
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The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press,Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. (set). The Inuit ate the rhizomes of Mertensia maritima.
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In 2014, Malouma participated in the Meeting of the Arts of the Arab World, a festival in Montpellier, France, as well as at the Parisian Festival Rhizomes.
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Washington Burke Museum. This sedge is very variable in appearance. In general, it produces short, tough rhizomes and grows in dense clumps. The fertile stems grow upright.
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This grass is a perennial without rhizomes. The roots are shallow. The erect stems grow up to 56 centimeters tall. The stem bases are tough and hairy.
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They are fibrous, and the starch must be scraped or sucked from the tough fibers. Baby shoots emerging from the rhizomes, which are sometimes subterranean, can be picked and eaten raw. Also underground is a carbohydrate lump which can be peeled and eaten raw or cooked like a potato. Plants growing in polluted water can accumulate lead and pesticide residues in their rhizomes, and these should not be eaten.
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Iris florentina can only be propagated by division, of the rhizomes, after flowering, up to six weeks after flowering, and in the autumn. They should be divided every 3 to 4 years, when large clumps. The old woody- like centre, should be removed, along with any damaged sections. The rhizomes are then left exposed, to allow the cuts to callus, then the foliage is trimmed, (to reduce water loss).
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After the eruption of El Chichón, the fern Pityrogramma calomelanos was observed to regenerate from rhizomes buried by ash, even though the plants' leaves were destroyed. The rhizomes tolerated exposure to heat and sulfur from the volcanic matter. Their survival suggests resilience of ferns to the harsh environmental conditions imposed by certain kinds of disasters, and rhizome regeneration may have been a factor in fern recovery after other events.
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Bulbophyllum caldericola is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb with its rhizomes mostly hanging with only the base attached to the surface on which they are growing. The pseudobulbs are long, wide and spaced apart along the rhizomes. Each pseudobulb has a thick, fleshy, narrow oblong to lance-shaped leaf long and wide with a channelled upper surface. A single white flower with yellow tips is borne on a flowering stem long.
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At intervals the rhizomes turned upwards to emerge as upright stems. Around the region of the upwards bend, horizontal branches appeared at right angles to continue the growth of the rhizomes. The upright stems were generally less than 2.5 mm in diameter; a reconstruction suggests a height of around 20 cm. Aerial stems branched dichotomously in a three-dimensional pattern, with the last two sets of branches bearing sporangia.
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It prefers sites in full sun, and can be grown in raised bed, or an open border. It likes moisture at the root tips, but the rhizomes are liable to rot in excessive water. It is recommended (by Dykes) to be planted in October, with the rhizomes planted about 2 inches from the surface. It is susceptible to virus infections when in cultivation, including from Iris mosaic virus.
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It can be pollinated by bees. It can also be propagated by division (of the rhizomes), or by seed growing. Growing by seeds gives a more reliable results.
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Cryptostylis erecta has been successfully grown by orchid enthusiasts, but is slow growing. The rhizomes are delicate and resent disturbance, and need to be moist at all times.
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Cryptostylis subulata has been successfully grown by orchid enthusiasts, but is slow growing. The rhizomes are delicate and resent disturbance, and need to be moist at all times.
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The rhizomes can be used as part of a Tibetan herbal medicine to regulate menstruation. A powdered form of the rhizome can be used for sepsis and infections.
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It flowers from June to July. The main distinguishing characteristics from H. lanatus are the presence of rhizomes, and the bearded nodes or 'hairy knees' on the culm.
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Some have rhizomes. The leaves are spirally arranged and the inflorescences grow in the leaf axils. The flowers are usually white, sometimes red. The fruit is a capsule.
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Form: A low shrub to 2 m or occasionally a small tree, Q. havardii forms large clonal thickets by extending rhizomes through the sandy soil where it is usually found. Rhizomes range from 3–15 cm in diameter and are concentrated in upper 60 cm of soil, although penetration depths of 9 m has been reported. Lateral roots and woody rhizomes are widespread near the soil surface. Ninety percent or more of shinnery oak's biomass is under ground, and fortuitous root grafting is common. These underground stems commonly spread to form plants 3 to 15 m or more in diameter. Single clones are reported to cover up to 81 ha and to achieve ages over 13,000 years.
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Melica nitens. NatureServe. This perennial grass has short rhizomes and sometimes forms bunches. The stems grow up to 1.3 meters tall. The inflorescence is a branching panicle of spikelets.
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These are mostly perennial, but sometimes annual. Some have rhizomes. They produce solitary stems or clumps of many. They are a few centimeters tall to well over one meter.
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Festuca occidentalis is a tufted fescue that lacks rhizomes. The smooth and shiny culms are tall. Culms have two exposed nodes and have glabrous internodes. The shoots are intravaginal.
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Rhizomes very rarely prostrate, usually erect, forming a woody trunk up to tall, in diameter, covered in light brown or white projecting stipe bases; bearing scales near the apex.
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This species is a mat-forming perennial grass with rhizomes and stolons. The stems can reach up to 63 centimeters long,Digitaria didactyla. Grass Manual. Flora of North America.
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Characterised by simple or prolific bulbs, sometimes with lateral rhizomes. Leaf sheaths long, tepals free and corona absent. Spathe formed from 2–5 bracts. Style more or less gynobasic.
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Iris ventricosa is similar in form to Iris bungei, with a few differences. It has knobbly, woody, tough, short and thick rhizomes. Under the rhizomes, are thread-like black roots, which can go down into the soil over deep. On top of the rhizome, is a dense, network-like arrangement of brown fibres, which are the remains of the last seasons leaves, they surround the new leaves and flower stems like a sheath.
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In the Canary Islands, the rhizome was historically used to make a porridge called gofio. Both fronds and rhizomes have been used to produce beer in Siberia, and among indigenous peoples of North America. Bracken leaves are used in the Mediterranean region to filter sheep's milk, and to store freshly made ricotta cheese. P. esculentum rhizomes were traditionally used by the Māori people of New Zealand as a staple food, and is known as aruhe.
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It was eaten while exploring or by hunting groups away from permanent settlements. The plant was widely distributed across New Zealand as a result of prehistoric deforestation, and planting on rich soils, which produced the best rhizomes. The rhizomes were dried, and could be heated and softened with a pounder (patu aruhe), after which the starch could be sucked from the fibers. Patu aruhe were important ritual items, and several distinct styles were developed.
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Iris delavayi is larger and more vigorous in growth than Iris sibirica. It has stout, creeping rhizomes (about 1 cm in diameter), that create clumps or tufts of plants.British Iris Society (1997) It eventually forms clumps that are about wide. The rhizomes have fibers (the remains of leaves from last season). It has 3–4 (per stem) grey-green leaves, that are sword-shaped or linear (in form), measuring long and 0.6–1.5 cm wide.
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Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 35(1): 82–96., using quantitative methods to describe the plant community. These early papers already mark his interest for quantification of natural phenomena. In this morphometric analysis of Ammophila arenaria, for example, Greig-Smith measured in detail the internode length of the plant’s rhizomes and noted the species’ tendency to form tussock-like clumps in older dunes and longer, exploratory rhizomes in unstable, younger dunes.
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Upland switchgrass types are generally shorter (≤ 2.4 m, tall) and less coarse than lowland types. Lowland cultivars may grow to ≥ 2.7 m, in favorable environments. Both upland and lowland cultivars are deeply rooted (> 1.8 m, in favorable soils) and have short rhizomes. The upland types tend to have more vigorous rhizomes, so the lowland cultivars may appear to have a bunchgrass habit, while the upland types tend to be more sod-forming.
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Lotus root is utilized as a popular vegetable in Sri Lanka, where it is often cooked in coconut milk gravy. Japan is one of the primary users of the rhizomes, representing about 1% of all vegetables consumed. Japan grows its own lotus but still must import 18,000 tons of lotus rhizome each year, of which China provides 15,000 tons yearly. Rhizomes contain high amounts of starch (31.2%) without characteristic taste or odor.
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Stephens, E. L. 1926. A new sundew, Drosera regia (Stephens), from the Cape Province. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 13(4): 309–312. The woody rhizomes produced by the plant are one of the unusual characteristics that it shares only with D. arcturi in the genus; the absence of woody rhizomes in all other Drosera is often cited as an indication of the presumed ancient lineage of D. regia and D. arcturi.
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It is often grown as an ornamental. The rhizomes are edible when cooked and can be found throughout the year. The rhizomes were once eaten by the Māori after being cooked by hāngi. William Colenso believed, for two reasons, that this plant was once cultivated by them: firstly, the plant grows much larger under cultivation than it usually does in the wild; and secondly it was often found near old deserted Māori homes and plantations.
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The hairy water lily is an aquatic plant having erect perennial rhizomes or rootstocks that anchor it to the mud in the bottom. The rhizomes produce slender stolons. Its leave blades are round above the water and heart-shaped below 15–26(–50) cm, papery, abaxially densely pubescent. Some of the leaves that emerge rise slightly above the water held by their stem in lotus fashion, but most of them just float on the surface.
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This plant is variable in appearance. In general, is a perennial bunchgrass which usually has rhizomes. The firm, usually erect stems grow up to tall. The leaf blades are long.
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Grass Manual Treatment. This perennial grass grows up to 80 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is usually compact, its spikelets containing 3 to 7 flowers each. The grass sometimes has rhizomes.
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The texture is comparable to a raw potato.Mukherjee PK. et al. Isolation, estimation and characterization of starch from rhizomes of Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn (Fam. Nymphaeaceae). Ind Drugs 1995; 32: 392–397.
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Characterised by simple or prolific bulbs, sometimes with lateral rhizomes. Leaf sheaths long, tepals free and corona absent. Spathe formed from 2–5 bracts. Style position apical relative to ovary.
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Nymphoides indica spreads by rhizomes, forming clusters of leaves, with clustered white flowers about 1 cm across. The flowers are sometimes described as having five petals, but can have more.
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Grass Manual Treatment. This perennial bunchgrass produces stems up to 100 centimeters tall. It lacks rhizomes. The leaf blades are hairless, pale green, and up to 25 centimeters in length.
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This grass produces branching stems up to 1.2 meters tall from a network of rhizomes. The inflorescence is a narrow panicle of spikelets which are up to 8 millimeters long.
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Asexual reproduction from rhizomes is a common means of sustaining a population. It flowers in early to midsummer, usually with 1 to 2 flowers per stalk, less commonly 3 or 4.
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Also known as the rhizosphere, the underground area of a plant habitat is the root layer. It consists of the plants' roots and related elements such as rhizomes, bulbs and tubers.
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The grass spreads primarily via its rhizome. It has been noted to grow in length per day. The stems and rhizomes also produce tillers. The rhizome can endure drying and flooding.
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Stems of Polypodiaceae range from erect to long-creeping. The fronds are entire, pinnatifid, or variously forked or pinnate. The petioles lack stipules. The scaly rhizomes are generally creeping in nature.
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Minimum recorded depth is 0.6 m. Maximum recorded depth is 0.6 m. Doto sabuli was found associated with small hydroids which were growing on the rhizomes of algae in shallow water.
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In 1888, rhizomes of the plant were sent from Lebanon to Germany, by Messrs. Dammann & Co., of Naples. It was then described by E. Dammann and Carl Sprenger in Wiener Illustr.
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It was detected for the first time in 2014 in the Aegean Sea, where scientific divers found specimens growing on rocky substrate and on the rhizomes of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica.
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In February 1997, a study was published in which 6 new flavanones, isolated from the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia, using high resolution mass spectrometry. In 2005, it was noted that the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia are the source of the largest number of new 2’-O-substituted simple flavanones within a single species. Between 2007 and 2011, a study was carried out on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Iris tenuifolia and Iris halophila. Using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.
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Pronephrium penangianum is a fern species in the genus Pronephrium. Flavan-4-ols glycosides, abacopterins A, B, C and D together with triphyllin A and 6,8-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-4‘-methoxyanthocyanidin-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, can be isolated from a methanol extract of the rhizomes of P. penangianum.Flavan-4-ol Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Abacopteris penangiana. Zhao Zhongxiang, Ruan Jinlan, Jin Jing, Zou Jian, Zhou Daonian, Fang Wei and Zeng Fanbo, J. Nat. Prod.
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Kaempferia galanga rhizomes The rhizomes of the plant, which contain essential oils, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a decoction or powder. Its alcoholic maceration has also been applied as liniment for rheumatism. The extract causes central nervous system depression, a decrease in motor activity, and a decrease in respiratory rate. The decoctions and the sap of the leaves may have hallucinogenic properties, which may be due to unidentified chemical components of the plant’s essential oil fraction.
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Extracts from the rhizomes of some Aglaomorpha species are used extensively in traditional medicine. In China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos, the rhizomes of gu-sui-bu, Aglaomorpha fortunei (more frequently cited by Asian authors by its illegitimate synonym Drynaria fortunei), are commonly used to treat bone injuries. Its common name literally means "mender of shattered bones" in Chinese. Another species, the oak-leaf fern (Aglaomorpha quercifolia) is used similarly in South Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia.
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Iris setosa is similar in form to a miniature Japanese iris, or a dwarf version of Iris sibirica but a shorter lived version. The shallowly rooted, large, branching rhizomes spread over time to create large clumps. The rhizomes are grey-brown, thick, and are covered with old (maroon-brown) fibrous leaf remains (of last seasons leaves). It has branched stems, which are very variable in height, ranging from 10 cm (5 inches) up to 1 m (3 ft) tall.
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The very young rhizomes can also be eaten cooked, they are sweet but fibrous. The rhizome can be very large, sometimes as long as a person's forearm. In Peru the rhizomes are baked for up to 12 hours by which time they become a white, translucent, fibrous and somewhat mucilaginous mass with a sweetish taste. The starch is in very large grains, about three times the size of potato starch grains, and can be seen with the naked eye.
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Phenolic compounds are mostly found in vascular plants (tracheophytes) i.e. Lycopodiophyta (lycopods), Pteridophyta (ferns and horsetails), Angiosperms (flowering plants or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetales). In ferns, compounds such as kaempferol and its glucoside can be isolated from the methanolic extract of fronds of Phegopteris connectilis or kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, a known bitter-tasting flavonoid glycoside, can be isolated from the rhizomes of Selliguea feei.Flavonoids and a proanthrocyanidin from rhizomes of Selliguea feei.
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Rhizomes of ornamental irises Illustration of an iris flower with highlighted parts of the flower Irises are perennial plants, growing from creeping rhizomes (rhizomatous irises) or, in drier climates, from bulbs (bulbous irises). They have long, erect flowering stems which may be simple or branched, solid or hollow, and flattened or have a circular cross-section. The rhizomatous species usually have 3–10 basal sword-shaped leaves growing in dense clumps. The bulbous species have cylindrical, basal leaves.
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In this time, the fats and oils inside the roots undergo degradation and oxidation, which produces many fragrant compounds that are valuable in perfumery. The scent is said to be similar to violets. The aged rhizomes are steam-distilled which produces a thick oily compound, known in the perfume industry as "iris butter" or orris oil. Iris rhizomes also contain notable amounts of terpenes, and organic acids such as ascorbic acid, myristic acid, tridecylenic acid and undecylenic acid.
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Soon after it was discovered in 1882, a lot of rhizomes were taken for commercial cultivation in Israel. They were exported to Europe for the ornamental plant trade. Unfortunately, the cultivated specimens rarely survived more than 2 seasons, causing a continuous demand for fresh plants and rhizomes. It was also collected extensively for the cut flower industry and was sold in bunches on the side of the road, plants were also moved to decorate the cemeteries in the area.
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Eucephalus vialis is a perennial herb producing hairy, erect stems up to 1.2 meters (4 feet) tall from a thick caudex.Eucephalus vialis. Flora of North America. It spreads by means of rhizomes.
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It's a common sedge that dominates many native wetlands, or intermixes with other sedges and grasses, and its ability to spread by rhizomes makes it a good colonizer for a large area.
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The morphogenus is defined by the rhizomes and attached frond bases preserved by permineralization. The stipe shows the presence of two hippocampiform vascular bundles and the dictyostele is composed of forking meristeles.
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R. podophylla is often very shy at flowering, but can cover large areas by means of its spreading rhizomes. The flowers are white, the sepals ageing to green as do the ovaries.
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Characterised by simple or prolific bulbs, sometimes with lateral rhizomes. Leaf sheaths long, tepals more or less fused and corona absent. Spathe formed from 1–2 bracts. Style more or less gynobasic.
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Characterised by simple or prolific bulbs, sometimes with lateral rhizomes. Leaf sheaths long, tepals more or less fused and corona absent. Spathe formed from 1–2 bracts. Style more or less gynobasic.
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The species is perennial with elongated rhizomes. Its culms are long. Culm-internodes scaberulous with leaf-sheaths are tubular with one of their length being closed. They are also erect and connate.
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IRSNB, no.60, 1-167. The larvae are miners in the rhizomes of the common figwort (Scrophularia nodosa) (hence the common name) and in the stalks of the water figwort (Scrophularia auriculata).
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Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. Torrey Botanical Society. Propagated by both seeds and rhizomes. It is banned in the state of Connecticut and classified as an noxious weed in 46 states.
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USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. March 2, 2006. This species is a perennial herb producing colonies via its rhizomes. The thin stems may reach tall, but they are often much shorter.
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Epimedium × rubrum is a deciduous perennial, spreading by rhizomes. It is about tall. When the young leaves emerge in spring, they are tinged with red. The leaves also turn red in the autumn.
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Melica californica is a perennial bunch grass, generally with rhizomes, producing a dense cluster of stems up to about in maximum height. The inflorescence is a narrow series of purple-banded green spikelets.
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The Stemonaceae contain various herbeceous plants, many of which are crawling or climbing species preferring moist or dry tropical habitats. They form underground organs as spindle-shaped rhizomes used for reservation of nutrients.
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American Journal of Botany 92(1), 167-78. They grow from thick rhizomes. The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong. The inflorescence takes the form of a spike, a panicle, or a raceme.
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Cyperus grayoides. Center for Plant Conservation.Cyperus grayoides. The Nature Conservancy. This perennial herb grows from a network of tuberous rhizomes, producing clumps of triangular stems up to 35Cyperus grayoides. Flora of North America.
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Fertility and disturbance gradients: a summary model for riverine marsh vegetation. Ecology 69: 1044–1054. Muskrats feed on the plant, particularly its rhizomes, while the seeds are an important food source for waterfowl.
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Welsh Ferns. National Museum of Wales .Flora of North America: Equisetum arvense It is sometimes confused with mare's tail, Hippuris vulgaris. Rhizomes can pierce through the soil up to 6 feet in depth.
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Psilocybe subheliconiae is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. Described as new to science in 2004, it is found in Colombia, where it grows on the rhizomes of Araceae plants.
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Unlike plants such as agave which die after flowering, a bloomed shoot will simply cease to produce new leaves. The flowered shoot continues to grow by producing plantlets via its rhizomes or stolons.
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Large parties trimmed the cut stems, and left them to dry for days or weeks. As well as stems, the rhizomes—extensions of the trunk below the surface of the ground shaped like enormous carrots—were also dug up to be cooked. In the early 1840s, Edward Shortland said Māori preferred rhizomes from trees growing in deep rich soil. They dug them in spring or early summer just before the flowering of the plant, when they were at their sweetest.
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Capsule of Allium oreophilum. The genus Allium (alliums) is characterised by herbaceous geophyte perennials with true bulbs, some of which are borne on rhizomes, and an onion or garlic odor and flavor. The bulbs are solitary or clustered and tunicate and the plants are perennialized by the bulbs reforming annually from the base of the old bulbs, or are produced on the ends of rhizomes or, in a few species, at the ends of stolons. A small number of species have tuberous roots.
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Arthromerin A (afzelechin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside) and arthromerin B (afzelechin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside) are afzelechin glycosides isolated from the roots of the fern Arthromeris mairei.Two afzelechin glycosides from Arthromeris mairei. Yu Wen- Sheng, Li Hong, Chen Xin-Min and Yang Lei, Phytochemistry, December 1992, Volume 31, Issue 12, pages 4385–4386, , (+)-afzelechin- O-β-4'-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from the rhizomes of the fern Selliguea feei.Flavonoids and a proanthrocyanidin from rhizomes of Selliguea feei.
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They represent the underground rooting structures of coal forest lycopsid trees such as Sigillaria and Lepidodendron. These swamp forest trees grew to 50 meters and were anchored by an extensive network of branching underground structures with "rootlets" attached to them. Analysis of the morphology and anatomy of these stigmarian systems suggests they were shoot-like and so they are called rhizomes or rhizophores. The stigmarian rhizomes are typically covered with a spiral pattern of circular scars where "rootlets" were attached.
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Iris bismarkiana is similar in growth to Iris susiana and Iris lortetii, (both also Oncocyclus Irises), they only differ in the colour of the flowers. It is a geophyte, It has short, stoloniferous rhizomes,James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) British Iris Society (1997) which are narrow, around 1.5 cm in diameter. It forms long thin stolons, that can reach up to a few meters, into the ground, seeking minerals. The rhizomes and stolons are very prone to viral diseases.
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Iris wilsonii is known to be more vigorous in growth than Iris forrestii (the other yellow flowering iris) within the sibirica series.British Iris Society (1997) It has short, thick rhizomes that creep across the ground to eventually create dense clumps. The rhizomes have the fibrous remains of the leaves from the past year. It has grey-green leaves, that are linear, with 3–5 veins and grass-like in form, they can grow up to between long and 5–8 mm wide.
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These are often subtending a 10-20mm bud, which will overwinter and grow a new plant in spring. While most Rhynchospora have large rhizomes (tuber-like stems below the soil surface), R.alba has very small rhizomes, or none at all, and very shallow root systems. This reflects its different life history to many other sedges – R.alba loses all but the basal overwintering bud during the winter, while most other species retain and store nutrients in well developed rhizome and root structures.
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It can be distinguished from the similar-looking Iris cristata, which occurs over much of its range, by a number of characters. Iris verna lacks the crested ridges that are found on the sepals of Iris cristata, and its flowers are strongly fragrant (Iris cristata is not strongly fragrant). In addition, the leaves of Iris verna are narrower and straighter than those of Iris cristata, and it has rhizomes that are deeply buried (as opposed to the shallow rhizomes of Iris cristata).
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In China, there has been some confusion between Iris dolichosiphon (another Pseudoregelia iris) and Iris kemaonensis, they have similar flower forms, but Iris kemaonensis flowers are paler then Iris dolichosiphon but are strongly mottled, as well as a smaller perianth tube. It has short, thick rhizomes, which are gnarled and knobbly.British Iris Society (1997) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) Under the rhizomes are thin, fleshy secondary roots, that can grow up to 10 cm long. They are not stoloniferous.
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In 2002, a study was carried out on Iris spuria rhizomes, it found seven iridal- glycosides. In 2007, a chemical analysis was carried out on Iris spuria rhizomes, several compounds were isolated 12a-dehydrorotenoid 1, 11-dihydroxy-9, 10-methylenedioxy-12a-dehydrorotenoid, together with a new isoflavonoid glycoside tectorigenin-7-O-beta-glucosyl-4'-O-beta-glucoside, with 4 other known compounds, tectorigenin, tectorigenin-7-O-beta-glucosyl (1 --> 6) glucoside, tectoridin (a tectorigenin-7-O-beta-glucoside) and tectorigenin-4'-O-beta-glucoside.John Buckingham and V. Ranjit N. Munasinghe In 2012, five Iris species (Iris pseudacorus, Iris crocea, Iris spuria, Iris orientalis and Iris ensata) were studied, to measure the flavonoids and phenolics content with the rhizomes. Iris pseudacorus had the highest content and Iris crocea had the lowest content.
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The Māori of New Zealand used the rhizomes of Pteridium esculentum (') as a staple food, especially for exploring or hunting groups away from permanent settlements; much of the widespread distribution of this species in present-day New Zealand is in fact a consequence of prehistoric deforestation and subsequent tending of ' stands on rich soils (which produced the best rhizomes). The rhizomes were air-dried so that they could be stored and became lighter; for consumption, they were briefly heated and then softened with a ' (rhizome pounder); the starch could then be sucked from the fibers by each diner, or collected if it were to be prepared for a larger feast. ' were significant items and several distinct styles were developed. Aborigines in Australia ate the roots after they were pounded into a paste and roasted.
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This clump-forming plant spreads via rhizomes and is particularly suited for shady areas. Cultivars include Clivia miniata ‘Kirstenbosch Splendour’, bred by Graham Duncan, which illustrates the cover of the Kirstenbosch centenary book (2013).
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Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an annual plant that emerges in late spring. It propagates mainly by rhizomes, but also by seed. It is much- branched, and grows up to in height.Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Ambrosia artemisiifolia .
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The species has been implicated in several poisoning cases of humans and animals who consumed the rhizomes, which have been found to contain a glycoside, iridin. The sap can cause dermatitis in susceptible individuals.
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It is a perennial grass with rhizomes or stolons. The stems grow 10 to 79 centimeters tall. The leaf blades are 10 to 19 centimeters long and may be hairless to slightly hairy.Paspalum vaginatum.
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The Zopfiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Taxa have a widespread distribution, and appear to be saprobic, found largely on rhizomes and roots. Some species are found in marine environments.
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Bambusa angustiaurita is perennial and grows short rhizomes in caespitose form. Its tips are inclined at the tip, which reaches 800–1000 cm in height with its woody stem growing to 30–60 cm.
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The flowers are wind pollinated and the seeds float. Tubers that are rich in starch are formed on the rhizomes. Reproduction can either be vegetative with tubers and plant fragments or sexual with seeds.
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Other rhizomes grow horizontally or downward, and form dark reddish-brown tubers or chains of tubers. It prefers dry conditions, but will tolerate moist soils, and often grows in wastelands and in crop fields.
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A. cyaneum has cylindrical bulbs that grow in clusters. It spreads by rhizomes. The leaves and the scapes are usually 10 to 30cm long, sometimes reaching 45cm. Overall the plant typically reaches 25cm tall.
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Aconitum degenii is a tall spindly erect to scandent forb which is perennial from rhizomes. It has divided leaves. The flowering period extends primarily from July to September. The inflorescence is paniculate and branched.
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Accessed January 2013. Bamboo species can be divided into clumpers and runners. Clumpers grow from the soil in a slowly expanding tuft. Runners send underground rhizomes to produce shoots several metres from the parent plant.
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Liu, Z. L., et al. (2012). Identification of insecticidal constituents of the essential oil of Curcuma wenyujin rhizomes active against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Molecules, 17(10), 12049-60. Females of this species often undergo parthenogenesis.
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Species of Oxyria are perennial herbaceous plants or weakly shrubby. They may have rhizomes. Their stems are erect, variably branched. Undivided leaves are present both at the base of the plant and on the stems.
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Phyllospadix japonicus is a perennial herb spreading by means of rhizomes. Leaves are long, up to 100 cm long but rarely more than 2.5 mm across.Ohwi, J. (1984). Flora of Japan (in English): 1-1067.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes. Its culms are erect and are long. Culm-internodes scaberulous with leaf-sheaths are tubular with one of their length being closed. They are also erect and connate.
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2145-2146 reaching (). The roots are tuberous, creeping rhizomes. The stems are erect, 10–20 cm (4–8 in) high. It has 5 to 7 whorled, lanceolate, entire leaves distributed levelly in a single group.
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Common on shady roadside banks. The underground rhizomes allow it to spread and its large leaves can shade out other plants. It is considered an invasive plant but can be controlled by cultivation or weedkiller.
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Euphorbia tridentata stems, Heidelberg, Western Cape. A small, low, spreading, semi-geophytic stem-succulent, with tuberous roots and rhizomes. During the dry seasons, the stems can die back above ground. The stems are somewhat segmented.
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It can be propagated by division of the rhizomes or by seed growing. Collecting the seeds from the ripe and dry capsules (after the plant has bloom), they can be grown straight away, or stored.
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Pycnanthemum incanum grows to high by wide. The stems are covered with a soft, whitish down. A vigorous and often aggressive grower, this plant spreads by long rhizomes. White blooms appear from July to September.
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The species is perennial and have elongated rhizomes. It culms are long. The species leaf-sheaths are tubular and smooth with one of their length being closed. It eciliate membrane is long and is truncate.
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It can be grown in rock gardens, as well as for perennial borders as an early spring plant. It does suffer in waterlogged soils, that may rot the rhizomes. It is rarely available for cultivation.
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Its sticky seeds are easily spread by birds and roaming mammals, while rhizomes crowd out native seedlings by forming dense mats. Without human intervention, it can colonise large areas quickly as each rhizome adds at least one segment per season depending on climatic and light conditions. The methods mentioned above may give some control over any particular clump but will not resolve the problem. Each year, Hedychium gardnerianum's rhizomes increase the surface area of a particular area, whether the flowers are removed or not.
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Including Iris crocea, Iris ensata, Iris germanica, Iris hookeriana and Iris kashmiriana. It found several flavonoids (including isoflavonoids, glycosides and tannins), within the irises. In December 2012, an evaluation study was carried out on the isoflavones ('isonigricin' and 'isoirisolidone'), isolated from the rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana, when used on T-lymphocytes and T-cell cytokines. In July 2013, a study was carried out of the use of methanolic extracts from the rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana to be used on epithelial cancerous tumors and other inflammatory diseases.
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Miscanthus × giganteus is propagated by cutting the rhizomes (its below-ground stems) into small pieces, and then re- planting those pieces below ground. of miscanthus rhizomes, cut into pieces, can be used to plant 10–30 hectares of new miscanthus fields (multiplication factor 10–30). Rhizome propagation is a labor-intensive way of planting new crops, but only happens once during a crop's lifetime. New and cheaper propagation techniques is underway, which seem to increase the multiplication factor from 10–30 to 1000–2000.
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Growth of Zostera noltii starts in the spring with the appearance of new leaves and the lengthening and branching of the rhizome. Dense beds of shoots appear with seagrass meadows covering the intertidal flats during the summer, and at this time, flowering takes place. By autumn growth has stopped and over the winter most of the leaves either get broken off or are eaten by birds so that the only parts left are the submerged rhizomes. A clump of rhizomes may live for many years.
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In fall, the aboveground biomass of N. peltata dies, sinks to the substrate and decomposes, and the plant overwinters as dormant rhizomes. These rhizomes can survive freezing temperatures up to -30°C. During the winter, stolons and stems either on or buried beneath the substrate can remain dormant until spring, and some small submerged leaves measuring 1-2 cm sometimes grow on these stems. After winter, the species requires light and oxygen to produce new growth and floating leaves begin to appear in spring.
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Dried ginger rhizome A rhizome is a horizontal stem that often grows underground, usually sending out roots and shoots from its nodes. Some plants have rhizomes that grow above ground or that lie at the soil surface, including some Iris species. Usually, rhizomes have short internodes; they send out roots from the bottom of the nodes and new upward- growing shoots from the top of the nodes. Examples of plants that grow in this way include irises, lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis) and cannas.
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The IRRI project was terminated in 2001 because of budget cuts, but the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS) in Kunming has continued the research. Rhizome were considered more stress tolerant than stolons, so they focused on populations derived from crosses with O. longistaminata. As Eric Sacks and colleagues found at IRRI, the plants in these populations mostly lack rhizomes and have a high level of sterility. Finding the extremely rare plants with both rhizomes and fertility has required screening large F2 and Backcross populations.
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Brachiaria ruziziensis belongs to the family Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae and the tribe Paniceae. A tufted grass, Congo grass is a creeping perennial that has short rhizomes which form a dense leafy cover over the ground. Stems of the plant arise from many-noded creeping shoots and short rhizomes and then when fully grown reach a height of 1.5 m when flowering. The leaves of this grass are soft but hairy, with an average width of 15mm, length of 25mm and a seed weight of 250,000/kg.
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Adiantum capillus-veneris grows from in height; its fronds arising in clusters from creeping rhizomes tall, with very delicate, light green fronds much subdivided into pinnae long and broad; the frond rachis is black and wiry.
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The common agrimony grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and reached heights of up to . Its roots are deep rhizomes, from which spring the stems. It is characterized by its typical serrated edged pinnate leaves.
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The plant may be colonial, propagating through rhizomes, but is often seen as a single stem.Hagsater, E. 1984. Cypripedium dickinsonianum Hágsater; A New Species from Chiapas, Mexico. Orquídea (Mexico City) 9(2): 203–212.Cribb. 1993.
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Well suited to the garden, Calochlaena dubia is an easy plant to grow. In fact, it must be kept in check by cutting the rhizomes and given plenty of room. It does well on clay soils.
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This mushroom grows on rhizomes of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and probably other ferns. It is widespread but rare in northern and western Europe and has been reported from North Africa, North America, and the Altai mountains.
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Flora of North America. Volume 20, Page 635. efloras.org. They are perennial plants with thick, creeping underground rhizomes and large rhubarb-like leaves during the growing season. Most species are native to Asia or southern Europe.
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Rhododendron columbianum is a shrub up to tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. The evergreen leaves are ovate to lanceolate, fragrant when crushed. Flowers are white to cream, borne in groups of 10 to 35.
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Cut plants often produce new shoots from their rhizomes. A. syriaca is easily propagated by both seed and rhizome cuttings. The plant's seeds require a period of cold treatment (cold stratification) before they will germinate.(1) .
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The rhizomes of Calamites look quite similar to the stems in most cases, but have nodes that get progressively closer together as they approach the apical area (the growth tip that spreads outward through the soil).
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Asphodelus macrocarpus grows to a height of . The stem is erect, plain, cylindrical and glabrous. It is supported by fleshy, thickened roots (rhizomes). All the leaves are basal, gutter-shaped and covered by a greyish waxy coating.
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Its rhizomes are slender and scaly, and stems are simple or branched. The leaves are alternate, but having no use, are reduced and scale- like (hence the epithet "aphylla," meaning "without leaves"). The flowers are light purple.
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Phyllospadix iwatensis is a perennial herb spreading by means of rhizomes. Leaves are long and thin, up to 150 cm long but rarely more than 5 mm across.Ohwi, J. (1984). Flora of Japan (in English): 1-1067.
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This is a perennial herb growing from deep rhizomes. The stem is 40 centimeters to just over one meter tall. The ovate, pointed leaves are oppositely arranged. The blades have wavy margins, reddish midveins, and hairless undersides.
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Urtica species grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely shrubs. They can reach, depending on the type, location and nutrient status, a height of . The perennial species have underground rhizomes. The green parts have stinging hairs.
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Hemiepiphytic or terrestrial ferns. Rhizomes dorsiventral, the ventral meristele elongate in cross section. Phyllopodia absent. Leaves articulate at base or continuous with the rhizome, dimorphic as sporophylls and trophophylls, the sporophylls having longer petioles and smaller pinnae.
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The flowers are hermaphrodite. More than other Canna species, C. discolor is used extensively in agriculture in Asia. It grows high yields of very large rhizomes, sometimes the size of a man's arm, exceedingly rich in starch.
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The bamboo is perennial. Its rhizomes are short. It can grow to 600–800 cm long with a maximum width of 35 to 55 mm diameter in a very woody form. It does not produce nodal roots.
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Trifolium siskiyouenseis a glabrous, perennial herb with thickened roots but no rhizomes. Leaves are trifoliate with lanceolate stipules; leaflets are elliptic to oblanceolate, up to long. Flowers are white to cream- colored.Jepson Flora ProjectGillett, John Montague. 1980.
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University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Lysimachia hybrida is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves are narrowly lanceolate or linear, up to 18 cm (7.2 inches) long.
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This species of shrub is used for revegetating damaged or disturbed lands, such as overgrazed rangeland. It is strongly fire-adapted, sprouting from rhizomes after wildfire and developing a waxy film of flammable resins on its foliage.
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Gilliesieae are perennial herbaceous geophytes characterised by simple or prolific bulbs, sometimes with lateral rhizomes. Leaf sheaths long, tepals more or less fused and corona absent. Spathe formed from 1–2 bracts. Style more or less gynobasic.
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Complete removal of the rhizomes or poisoning, (usually before flowers are matured), is the only certain way of controlling the plant if it is considered a weed When Hedychium gardnerianum is particularly virulent, annual follow up is required for some years to prevent re-infestation. Re- infestation may occur from spreading by neighbouring plants, or dormant seeds disturbed by the removal of the original tuber clump as seeds remain viable for 2–4 years. Lifted rhizomes should be removed from site as if left in contact with soil they will restore themselves.
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Some species, most commonly C. dactylon, are grown as lawn grasses in warm temperate regions, such as the Sunbelt area of the United States where they are valued for their drought tolerance compared to most other lawn grasses. Propagation is by rhizomes, stolons, or seeds. In some cases it is considered to be a weed; it spreads through lawns and flower beds, where it can be difficult to kill with herbicides without damaging other grasses or plants. It is difficult to pull out because the rhizomes and stolons break readily, and then re-grow.
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Inflorescence Agrostis canina is a perennial plant, with stolons but no rhizomes, and culms which grow to a height of up to . It is frequently confused with Agrostis vinealis (formerly treated as a subspecies or variety of A. canina), which grows in more upland habitats and has rhizomes rather than stolons. The leaf blades are long and wide, with an acute or acuminate ligule up to long. The plant flowers from May to July, and the inflorescence is a panicle long and up to wide, with rough branches.
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Sori of Asplenium trichomanes, showing linear arrangement with a thin membranous indusium along one edge Asplenium nidus in habitat: an epiphyte with undivided leaves Members of the family grow from rhizomes, that are either creeping or somewhat erect, and are usually but not always unbranched, and have scales that usually have a lattice-like (clathrate) structure. In some species, for example Asplenium nidus, the rhizomes form a kind of basket which collects detritus. The leaves may be undivided or be divided, with up to four-fold pinnation. The sori are characteristic of the family.
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Lotus rhizomes Boiled, sliced lotus roots used in various Asian cuisines The rhizomes of lotus are consumed as a vegetable in Asian countries, extensively in China,Japan and India: sold whole or in cut pieces, fresh, frozen, or canned. They are fried or cooked mostly in soups, soaked in syrup or pickled in vinegar (with sugar, chili and garlic).Tian, N., et al. "Isolation and preparation of flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn by preparative reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography." Se pu= Chinese journal of chromatography 25.1 (2007): 88-92.
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Some of the most important exhibits of the museum are the Zoology Room, the Palaeontology Room and the display of bivalve molluscs from various parts of the world. In 2010, rhizomes of Iris hellenica (found in the mountains of the Peloponnese) were given the garden of the Goulandris Natural History Museum, who had funded Dionysios Mermygkas, to study the plants of the mountains. The iris grew well vegetatively for a year, but failed to flower. Unfortunately they did not survive the following year, but they survived in Copenhagen (who also received rhizomes).
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They can be used planted by the edges of ponds and pools or they can be planted in the water – but need the rhizomes pinned into the ground to stop them floating away. If grown in borders, they need a mulch to retain moisture (in the soil) and to protect the rhizomes from sun burn. The iris seed is not hard to raise, but does take many years to germinate and then they take 3–5 years before reaching flowering stage.Nick Romanowski The seed should be sown before they dry out.
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It is relatively easy to propagate T. daniellii from rhizome fragments bearing one or two stools each. Due to the low percentage of germination and the slow growth of the seedling, for commercial propagation, the plant should be established from rhizomes and not from seeds. Within the first few months after planting, the rhizomes from adjacent plants intermingle and soon the space between the plants will be covered with shoots and leaves. Since the foliage covers the ground completely, weeds are suppressed and weeding is no longer necessary.
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In December 2002, a chemical study carried out on the rhizomes of Iris kemaonensis found several isoflavones, including irisoquins (A, B, C, D, E and F), tectoregenin, iristectorin and irigenin.Jiaju Zhou, Guirong Xie and Xinjian Yan In 2006, a chemical study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris kemanonensis, it found several compounds including a benzoquinone. As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. It has a chromosome count: 2n=22, or 2n=24.
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Carex dallii is an uncommon species of sedge native to the South Island (North West Nelson, Westland and Otago) of New Zealand. Its culms are approximately 500×0.5 mm when mature, and rhizomes are about 1 mm diameter.
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Carex schweinitzii is a sedge with long, slender rhizomes that range from in height. Its ligules are wider than long. Its peduncles are short, and its male spikelets are solitary while its female spikelets are spreading and erect.
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Festuca altaica is a densely tufted perennial grass. The tufts are connected by short rhizomes. The flowering stems (culms) are usually tall, but may reach . The upper (adaxial) surface of the leaves is densely covered with short hairs.
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Iris longipetala has a rhizome (approx. 10–25 mm diam), with small trailing branches (which are approx. 2–2.5 cm in diam.) and plenty of fleshy toots. The spreading rhizomes give the appearance of a clump forming plant.
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It is a more or less hairless perennial which grows up to 60 cm tall. It has rhizomes. The leaves are obovate at the base, and linear to oblong higher up. They are shiny dark green and toothed.
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Seeds black, egg-shaped, up to 7 mm long. The species is distinguished from others in the genus by having swollen roots but no rhizomes, and relatively large fruits with wartlike projections.Bailey, L. 1930. Hemerocallis, the day- lilies.
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This species is a perennial grass growing from rhizomes and stolons. The hollow stems are decumbent and creeping and root easily where their nodes contact the substrate. They produce erect shoots that can exceed one meter tall.Leersia hexandra.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes. Its culms are long. Culm-internodes scaberulous with leaf-sheaths are scabrous and tubular with one of their length being closed. It eciliate membrane is long and is lacerate.
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This species is a perennial grass with long, leafy rhizomes which hold the soil, forming sod. The roots may reach deep in the soil. The stems are up to tall and can form colonies up to in diameter.
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Arkticheskaia Flora SSSR 2: 1–274. Calamagrostis lapponica is an herb growing up to 60 cm (24 inches) tall. It spreads by means of short underground rhizomes. Panicle is up to 15 cm (6 inches) long, frequently purple.
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The species is perennial and tufted, with creeping rhizomes. It culms are long and wide while it leaf-sheaths are smooth and glabrous. Leaf-blades are flat and are long by wide. Branches are erect and are long.
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Scadoxus pole-evansii has a similar growth habit to Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. katherinae, growing from a bulb with attached rhizomes. The bases of the leaves are grouped to form a false stem or pseudostem. Plants may be tall.
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Iris bulleyana has long been used as a remedy for detoxification and detumescence in China. Hydro-distillation has been used to extract the essential oil from its rhizomes. It was also tested for its antifungal and antioxidant activities.
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Kerp et al. suggest that Nothia aphylla was a geophyte which inhabited sandy soils and had a clonal life-style. The underground rhizomes persisted from year to year, continually spreading via lateral branches. The aerial stems appeared annually.
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These are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, sometimes with rhizomes. The stem is usually branching and erect to a maximum height around 80 centimeters (31.5 inches). The leaves are alternately arranged. Some taxa have only basal leaves.
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It is threatened due to grazing by cattle during late summer and the autumn-winter time. It also does not produce much seed, due to the climatic conditions of its habitat, so only spreads vegetatively (by the rhizomes).
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Carex nigricans produces thick mats and loose clumps of stems up to 30 centimeters tall from a network of short rhizomes. The pistillate flowers have dark bracts and the fruit is covered in a dark colored, long beaked perigynium.
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Hypericum harperi is a rhizomatous herb with slender, pinkish rhizomes. Twith a branched base growing tall. The flowering branches are typically from median or upper stem nodes. The brown to reddish aerial stems are spongy and become green upward.
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British Iris Society (1997) This branching habit forms clumps of plants. In autumn, the roots (under the rhizomes), produce small nodules. These are used to fix nitrogen, from the soil. It has grassy, linear, ribbed, long and wide leaves.
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This species produces single stems that lie decumbent, often rooting at nodes that come in contact with the sandy substrate, making them look like rhizomes. The stems are waxy and reddish in color.Schizachyrium maritimum. USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet.
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This grass is a perennial with small, knotty rhizomes. It produces stems 30 centimeters to well over one meter tall. The leaf blades are up to 25 centimeters long and under a centimeter wide. The leaves are whitish-green.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with short rhizomes. They are also clumped, while culms are erect and are long. The plant stem is scabrous and glabrous. The leaf-sheaths are pubescent, tubular, and are closed on one end.
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Devil's club reproduces by forming clonal colonies by means of rhizomes. What can appear to be several different plants may actually have all been one plant originally, with the clones detaching themselves after becoming established by laying down roots.
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Grows easily even in partial to full shade. Hardy in zone 5. Seeds freely to become naturalised and can spread by rhizomes. Wait until the seed heads are dark brown and then open them and spread the seed around.
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Arborescence is defined by vertical hierarchy rather than horizontal connections Arborescent () is a term used by the French thinkers Deleuze and Guattari to characterize thinking marked by insistence on totalizing principles, binarism, and dualism. The term, first used in A Thousand Plateaus (1980) where it was opposed to the rhizome, comes from the way genealogy trees are drawn: unidirectional progress, with no possible retroactivity and continuous binary cuts (thus enforcing a dualist metaphysical conception, criticized by Deleuze). Rhizomes, on the contrary, mark a horizontal and non- hierarchical conception, where anything may be linked to anything else, with no respect whatsoever for specific species: rhizomes are heterogeneous links between things that have nothing to do between themselves (for example, Deleuze and Guattari linked together desire and machines to create the - most surprising - concept of desiring machines). Horizontal gene transfer is also an example of rhizomes, opposed to the arborescent evolutionism theory.
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This may be due to its relatively short leaves and its lack of vertical rhizomes. In addition the mentioned roles, it plays an important part in the winter diet of the whooper and mute swan, the brent goose, wigeon and wildfowl.
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Suksdorfia violacea is found in Washington, British Columbia, Oregon, Alberta, Montana, and Idaho. It is most common in Washington and southeast British Columbia. It prefers moist areas with rocks, crevices, ledges, and fences. It is a perennial that grows from rhizomes.
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In 1988, a study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica, and found a chemical compound ( 12a-hydroxyrotenoid ). In 2005, the seeds of the iris were studied in Turkey. Along with a morphological and anatomical investigation.
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This grass has hard, sturdy, hollow stems that may reach in height. They grow from a network of woody rhizomes and tough roots that form a sod. The roots penetrate over into the soil. The leaves have sharp, serrated edges.
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Danaea kalevala plants are large, up to tall. They have radially arranged creeping rhizomes to thick and pinnate leaves. The pinna apices are finely denticulate. Danaea kalevala was named by Dutch botanist Maarten Christenhusz in honour of Finland, his host country.
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Rhizomes, in diameter, occur just below the ground. The plant can grow up to tall. Crushed leaf sheaths emit a pleasant sour fragrance similar to that of Etlingera elatior. Inflorescences are raised above the ground and infructescences are globular in shape.
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Carex subnigricans produces stems no taller than about 20 centimeters from a network of thin rhizomes. The thin leaves are rolled tightly and resemble quills. The inflorescence is generally oval and pointed in shape and one or two centimeters long.
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Melica spectabilis is a perennial grass which varies in maximum height from under to nearly a meter, growing from rhizomes and stalked, onionlike corms. The inflorescence is a narrow series of spikelets which are green with evenly spaced purple bands.
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Retrieved 11-22-2011. Hedysarum alpinum flower This plant is a perennial herb producing several erect stems from its caudex. It grows to in height. The taproot is thick and woody, and it has rhizomes which can produce new stems.
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This species is a perennial grass with small rhizomes. The stems grow up to 70 centimeters tall. The dead sheath bases remain on the plant for a long time. The narrow panicle has up to 8 erect branches crowded with spikelets.
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The flowers emerge from beneath the scales and the plant can be identified by the straight or curving toothed spines on the developing fruit.Scirpus ancistrochaetus. Flora of North America. Germination occurs around March and seedlings grow from the rhizomes in May.
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Good drainage is required and too much water can kill the plants. Pruning the old flower heads and the stems supporting them down to the ground, will encourage the rhizomes below to send up new growth of flower-bearing branches.
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Iris setosa can be propagated by seed or by division. As with all irises, it can difficult to propagate from seed (in the US). It is easier to do so by rhizome divisions. As, the plant increases naturally by rhizomes.
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The plants are large and terrestrial, with more or less erect rhizomes and fronds being 2-5 times pinnate. Sporangia are fused into synangia, and spores are monolete. Basal chromosome count is 2n=80. The type species is M. alata.
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K. Schneider) Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 397. 1973. The flavanol epigeoside (Catechin-3-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) can be isolated from the rhizomes of E. auritum.
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The region is part of Dadohaehaesang National Park. The species is not recognized by Plants of the World Online, which considers it to be a synonym of Hemerocallis hakuunensis. Hemerocallis hongdoensisis a perennial herb with tuberous roots but no rhizomes.
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The family, Ephedraceae Dumort., of which Ephedra is the only genus, are gymnosperms, and generally shrubs, sometimes clambering vines, and rarely, small trees. Members of the genus frequently spread by the use of rhizomes. The stems are green and photosynthetic.
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The species is perennial with elongated rhizomes and pilose butt sheaths. Its culms are erect and are long. Leaf-sheaths are tubular with one of their length being closed. Its eciliate membrane is long with leaf- blades being long and wide.
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They serve to anchor the plant and to store fructose in the form of fructan. When young, the rhizomes are mostly fleshy and are made up of thin-walled storage cells. They grow from a layer called the secondary thickening meristem.
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It prefers to grow in well drained, sandy, or rocky, and limy soils. It also prefers positions in full sun. It needs a hot baking summer sun on the rhizomes to help form flowers. It can be grown in rock gardens.
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Aristolochia californica is a deciduous vine. It grows from rhizomes, to a length usually around , but can reach over . The twining trunk can become quite thick in circumference at maturity. It sends out new green heart-shaped leaves after it blooms.
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Tradescantia spathacea has fleshy rhizomes and rosettes of waxy lance-shaped leaves. Leaves are dark to metallic green above, with glossy purple underneath. These will reach up to long by wide. They are very attractive foliage plants that will reach tall.
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A. podagraria is perennial, growing to a height of with rhizomes. The stems are erect, hollow, and grooved. The upper leaves are ternate, broad and toothed. Numerous flowers are grouped together in an umbrella-shaped flowerhead known as a compound umbel.
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It has thick, branching, dark brown rhizomes, that are 1.5–2 cm in diameter. This branching habit creates dense clumps of plants. It has greyish green, linear, smooth, sword-shaped, leaves. They can grow up to long and 6-13mm wide.
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Isotria verticillata is a terrestrial orchid spreading by underground rhizomes. Its leaves are green above, waxy and a bit whitened below. The flowers are yellowish-green, up to 110 mm (4.3 inches) across.Flora of North America v 26 p 512.
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Iris nelsonii spreads into large colonies by rhizomes. It has long and narrow grass-like green leaves, which are often droop and becoming glaucous. They are wide and grow up to long. They do not grow as tall as the stem.
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Brigham Young University Press, Provo. Dodecatheon frigidum is an herbaceous perennial up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Each shoot produces 2-7 flowers, usually pink to magenta with a white center.Chamisso & Schlechtendal, Linnaea.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with short rhizomes. It culms are long and are growing together. Leaf-sheaths are closed, scabrous, glabrous and are split. It ligules are long with ligular part being densely pubescent and is not persistent.
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Turmeric latte Turmeric tea () is a kind of tea which originates from Okinawa, in southern Japan. Ukoncha is made of the rhizomes of turmeric. Japanese drink brand Kirin produced "Kirin decomposition tea" (), a drink containing several teas including turmeric, in 2007.
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Pine-barren goldenrod Solidago fistulosa is an herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall, spreading by underground rhizomes. It has winged petioles, broad leaf blades, and sometimes as many as 500 small yellow flower heads born in large branching arrays.
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Typical stems are located above ground, but there are modified stems that can be found either above or below ground. Modified stems located above ground are phylloids, stolons, runners, or spurs. Modified stems located below ground are corms, rhizomes, and tubers.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes. It culms are long with tubular leaf- sheaths which are closed on one of their lengths. Eciliate membrane of the ligule is long. Leaf-blades are convolute and are long by wide.
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It is closely related to Festuca brachyphylla. The plant is similar to boreal fescue (Festuca hyperborea) but has flag leaf (final leaf) blades that are 5 mm or longer and has larger spikelets. It grows in dense clumps without rhizomes.
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Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus is a perennial herb spreading by underground rhizomes. Stems are triangular in cross-section, up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall. It is closely related to C. retroflexus and considered a variety of that species by some authors.
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The species is perennial and have elongated rhizomes. It culms are erect and are long. The species leaf-sheaths are tubular and scabrous with one of their length being closed. It eciliate membrane is long and have a glabrous surface.
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This plant is a small, densely branched shrub up to tall. It is acaulescent, the shrubs having the appearance of low tufts in diameter. The stems (rhizomes) grow underground, and have a characteristically scaled bark. It is a long-lived species.
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Ramets are vegetative, clonal extensions of a central genet. Common examples are rhizomes (modified stem), tillers, and stolons. A plant is perennial if the birth rate of ramets exceeds their death rate. Several of the oldest known plants are clonal.
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They emit an odour. The rhizomes grow slowly. It has thin, linear leaves, that are greyish green, with a distinct rib (or midvein) and acuminate (pointed) end. They can grow up to between long, and between 0.2 and 1 cm wide.
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Large clone of S. lanceolatum prior to flowering, Ontario, Canada In addition to dispersal by wind-blown seed, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum spreads extensively by rhizomes to create large clones. Although these clones do not dominate habitats in North America, growing in association with grasses, goldenrods and other asters, in Europe it is an invasive species that excludes native plants in riparian habitats. This invasiveness has been linked to allelopathic compounds in S. lanceolatum tissue, and their effect on native European plants. Viable seed production in Europe seems to be limited, and the species largely spreads there via rhizomes.
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Iris tectorum, seen in the Tyler Arboretum In 1994, a study was carried out to isolate various chemical compounds from the seeds of Iris tectorum, it found an ester 'iristectorene B'. In 1999, a study was carried out Iris tectorum rhizomes, it found a triterpenoid chemical compound. In 2007, a study was carried out on cytotoxic properties of Iris tectorum, used to treat cancer. In May 2007, a study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris tectorum, to find various chemical compounds. In 2009, a karyotype analysis was carried out on 10 Irises found in China, it found the chromosome counts.
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'Oncocyclus Section' Irises are easier to grow than 'Regelia Section' Irises, but should be preferably grown under glass (in frames), to protect the irises from excess moisture (especially during winter times) and also to ensure the (shallow planted) rhizomes get the best temperatures during the growing season. They can be grown in pots (especially in deep ones known as 'long toms'), but they need re-potting, every 2 years and extra feeding. Watering is one of the most critical aspects of iris cultivation. The growth starts in October and carefully watering starts, water should never be poured directly on the rhizomes.
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Propelargonidins are a type of condensed tannins formed from epiafzelechin. They yield pelargonidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Propelargonidins can be found in the rhizomes of the fern Drynaria fortunei,Proliferative effects of flavan-3-ols and propelargonidins from rhizomes of Drynaria fortunei on MCF-7 and osteoblastic cells. Eun Ju Chang, Won Jung Lee, Sung Hee Cho and Sang Won Choi, Archives of Pharmacal Research, August 2003, Volume 26, Issue 8, pages 620–630, in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum),Identification of galloylated propelargonidins and procyanidins in buckwheat grain and quantification of rutin and flavanols from homostylous hybrids originating from F. esculentum × F. homotropicum.
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Sprigging is the planting of sprigs, plant sections cut from rhizomes or stolons that includes crowns and roots, at spaced intervals in furrows or holes. Depending on the environment, this may be done by hand or with mechanical row planters. Sprigging uses no soil with the plant, and is an alternative to seeding (planting seeds directly), plugging (transplanting plugs with intact soil and roots), and sodding (installing harvested sheets of sod). Stolonizing is essentially broadcast sprigging, using cut stolons and rhizomes spread uniformly over an area mechanically or by hand, then covered with soil or pressed into the planting bed by various means.
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Cleaning turmeric rhizomes with boiling water in Myanmar. Drying turmeric rhizomes in Myanmar. Turmeric powder Curry using turmeric, referred to as haldi ki Sabzi, a dish from India bap (turmeric rice) Patoleo – sweet rice cakes steamed in turmeric leaves consisting of a filling of coconut and coconut palm sugar prepared in Goan Catholic style Turmeric is one of the key ingredients in many Asian dishes, imparting a mustard-like, earthy aroma and pungent, slightly bitter flavor to foods. It is used mostly in savory dishes, but also is used in some sweet dishes, such as the cake sfouf.
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The Museum Flow Package interbeds are dated to the middle Miocene and are approximately 15.6 million years old. The holotype specimens, two pieces of the same chert specimen containing rhizomes and frond bases, are preserved in the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture as specimen numbers "4772" and "4773". The specimens of chert were studied by paleobotanists Charles N. Miller jr of University of Montana. Miller published his 1982 type description for Osmunda wehrii in the American Journal of Botany volume 69 article "Osmunda wehrii, a New Species Based on Petrified Rhizomes from the Miocene of Washington".
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The plant is native to western North America from British Columbia to California and to Wyoming. It grows in higher elevation mountainous habitat, such as summertime meadows. It produces one or more erect stems from a branching caudex and system of rhizomes.
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In the Cape Peninsula it is uncommon and grows mainly at the highest locally available altitudes, generally about . Adiantum aethiopicum grows in spreading clumps of fronds from in height. The rhizomes are wiry and branched. The fronds are horizontal and layered, or upright.
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When there are many plants on a dune, their rhizomes form a network that helps to stabilize it, preventing erosion. The network becomes "the skeleton of the foredune." This makes the grass a valuable species for landscape rehabilitation in native beach habitat.
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Rhaponticin is a stilbenoid glucoside compound. Its aglycone is called rhapontigenin. It can be found in rhubarb rhizomes. It has beneficial effects on diabetic mice, and in vitro results suggest it may be relevant to Alzheimer's disease with an action on beta amyloid.
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Iris confusa is similar in form to Iris japonica and Iris wattii. Iris confusa is larger than Iris japonica in all parts, with more attractive foliage. Compared to Iris wattii, it is smaller and has smaller flowers. I. confusa has stout, creeping rhizomes.
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Inorganic sediment is still entering the lake and is trapped more quickly by the net of plant roots and rhizomes growing on the pond floor. The pond becomes sufficiently shallow (2–5 ft) for floating species and less suitable for rooted submerged plants.
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Vernonia baldwinii is a perennial herb with rhizomes. Its stems are densely tomentose, branched, and range up to in height. Its leaves are cauline and alternate, and are about in length and in width. It has purplish, discoid inflorescences on short, tomentose peduncles.
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Melica imperfecta is a perennial grass growing up to in maximum height, and is classified as a bunchgrass by lacking rhizomes and corms. The inflorescence is a narrow or spreading series of spikelets which are green in color with areas of purple.
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Small sized with spreading habit and thick rhizomes (these up to 3 cm in diameter). Green ovate leaves; green triangular stems; upright spikes with flowers of yellow petals with a wide red margin; staminodes are long and narrow, edges regular; capsules globose.
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Thus circumscribed, this order consists mostly of herbaceous plants, but lianas and shrubs also occur. They are mostly perennial plants, with food storage organs such as corms or rhizomes. The family Corsiaceae is notable for being heterotrophic. The order has worldwide distribution.
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This species is a perennial herb reaching 1.8 meters in maximum height. It grows from a thick taproot and rhizomes. It produces several purple-tinged, often hollow stems lined with toothed, palmate leaves. They bear dense, spike-shaped inflorescences of many flowers.
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Iris tectorums were 2n=28. In 2011, Isoflavones such as Tectoridin, iristectorin B and iristectorin A (chemical compounds) have been found in the rhizomes of Iris tectorum. They were published in the Journal of Chromatography B, Vol. 879, Issue 13, pages 975–980.
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Iris japonica is similar in form to Iris confusa, but the leaves are at ground level. It has short, slender, greenish, creeping rhizomes. It spreads by sending out thin, wiry, long stolons. They are shallow rooted, and form dense carpets and clumps.
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It can be propagated by division or by seed. The seeds should be sown in the autumn and the rhizomes divided in early spring. The seeds germinate fairly quickly and new plants are easily raised. But the young plants must not dry out.
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New shoots arise from dormant buds on buried rhizomes. This process is stimulated by fire. The narrow evergreen leaves, pale on the underside, have a tendency to emerge from the stem in groups of three. The Latin specific epithet angustifolia means "narrow-leaved".
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In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. This shrub grows up to 4 meters tall. It has long rhizomes which may send up new stems up to 4 meters apart.
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L. filiformis inflorescence A creeping perennial, L. filiformis forms a low mat, spreading indefinitely via thin rhizomes on the soil surface. It has small green or brown feathery leaves, up to long. Its flowers are small () white button-shaped inflorescences on thin stalks.
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Cautleya species grow from short rhizomes which have thick, fleshy roots. They have "pseudostems" formed by the tightly wrapped basal sheaths of their leaves. Depending on the species, the pseudostems may be high. Individual leaves consist of a sheath and a blade.
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Ascherson, Paul Friedrich August. 1897. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2: 37. Seagrass is a marine angiosperm that possess conductive tissue, shoot systems, rhizomes and flowers. This plant is mainly found in muddy coastal marsh waters and off the coast of many Caribbean islands.
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The species have elongated rhizomes and erect culms which are long. The leaf-blades are long and wide while their bottom is rough and scabrous. Their apex is acute and their margins are ciliated. It also has lacerated membrane which is long.
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The species rhizomes are elongated. The culms are long with leaf-blades being of in length and wide. The leaf-blade bottom is pubescent, rough and scaberulous. It has an open panicle which is both effuse and elliptic and is long and wide.
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This herbaceous perennial plant develops upright rhizomes, which function as food-storage organs. Its leaves and stems are long, soft, silver-grey and hairy. It grows to high and when it is fruit-bearing up to . The roots go deep into the soil.
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A compact succulent groundcover, with dark green, acute, triquetrous (triangular in cross-section) leaves, pale-purple flowers, and round fruit capsules that have relatively few locules (c. 12). The plants have distinctive short, robust rhizomes, and spread this way into the surrounding area.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes. It culms are erect long. The leaf-sheaths are smooth, tubular and have one closed end. The leaf-blades are flat and are long by wide while the membrane is eciliatd and is long.
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The species is perennial loosely tufted with short rhizomes. The culms are as tall as and are wide. Sometimes, the culms can be as long as , with the species themselves being caespitose and clumped. Both the leaf-sheaths and plant stem is scabrous.
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Adults are on wing from June to August. Young larvae feed on the leaves of Mentha species, while older larvae feed on the roots and rhizomes of their host plant. Young larvae are long. They are yellow to light green with dark stripes.
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It is similar in form to Iris orientalis but it is shorter. It has stout, thick, purple brown rhizomes, which can be 1.3–3 cm in diameter. Under the rhizome are thick roots. The rhizome spreads along the ground in a creeping habit.
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Osladine is a high-intensity sweetener isolated from the rhizome of Polypodium vulgare. J Jizba, L Dolejs, V Herout & F Sorm, « The structure of osladin — The sweet principle of the rhizomes of Polypodium vulgare L. », dans Tetrahedron Lett., vol. 18, 1971, p.
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Species of Jamesonia are terrestrial or grow on rocks. They vary considerably in their detailed morphology. The rhizomes are short, dark brown, and creeping, with a more or less dense covering of hairs and bristles. The fertile and infertile fronds are similar.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with short rhizomes and long erect culms. The leaf-sheaths are smooth, tubular and are closed on one end. The leaf- blades are flat and are long by wide. They also have a rough and scabrous surface.
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The roots and rhizomes were used in traditional medicine by Native Americans. Although its extracts are manufactured as herbal medicines and dietary supplements, black cohosh is not well-studied or recommended for safe and effective use in treating menopause symptoms or any disease.
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Associated with stems bearing sporangia were other stems with branches at wide angles, some with short side branches. They are thought to represent a system of basal rhizomes, but direct connections to the aerial stems were not observed. The gametophyte is unknown.
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Agrostis vinealis seeds The plant is tall, wide and is both perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes. The culms are long and erect. It eciliate membrane have a ligule which is long and is obtuse. Leaf- blades are flat, scabrous, and are by .
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Zostera marina is found on sandy substrates or in estuaries, usually submerged or partially floating. Most Zostera are perennial. They have long, bright green, ribbon-like leaves, the width of which are about . Short stems grow up from extensive, white branching rhizomes.
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In addition to vegetative spread via rhizomes, dispersal is accomplished by wind-blown seed. The roots are colonised by fungi including arbuscular mycorrhiza and dark septate endophytes. The sac fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum, which causes a powdery mildew, is also known from this species.
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Saxifraga aizoides branches at or below ground level, and grows to . It spreads by short rhizomes, forming mats of small colonies. The flowers, with five sepals and petals, are yellow—green. Saxifraga aizoides is a listed threatened species in New York state.
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CRC Ethnobotany Desk Reference, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, page 443. Juncus oxymeris is a perennial herb up to in height, spreading by underground rhizomes. Leaves are gladiolate, i.e., flattened with one edge toward the stem, similar to those of Iris or Gladiolus.
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Iris potaninii has been used in traditional Mongolian herbal medicine, in the treatment of various diseases, including bacterial infections, cancers and inflammations. Also, some benzoquinones have been isolated from Iris species rhizomes, and used as anti-cancer agents in modern Chinese medicines.
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The species is perennial and have short rhizomes. It culms are erected and are long. It eciliate membrane is long and is also lacerated. The leaf-blades are tubular, flat and are long by wide with its surface and margins being scabrous.
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Schuitemania is a genus of terrestrial orchids spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Only one species is known, Schuitemania merrillii, endemic to the Philippines.,Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Named after Kew orchid specialist and lead botanist for Asia, André Schuiteman.
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Saccolomataceae generally have the following characteristics: Terrestrial; rhizomes short-creeping to erect and trunk-like; petioles each with an omega-shaped vascular strand; blades pinnate to decompound and lacking articulate hairs; veins free; sori terminal on the veins; indusia pouch- or cup-shaped.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes. It culms are erect and are long. The plant stem is smooth while the leaf-sheaths are scabrous, tubular, and are closed on one end. It eciliate membrane is long and is pubescent on the surface.
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Ragweeds are annual and perennial herbs and shrubs. Species may grow just a few centimeters tall or exceed four meters in height. The stems are erect, decumbent or prostrate, and many grow from rhizomes. The leaves may be arranged alternately, oppositely, or both.
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Festuca arizonica, commonly called Arizona fescue, is a grass found in western North America, in the southwest United States and northern Mexico. This species also has the common names mountain bunchgrass and pinegrass. This grass lacks rhizomes,Festuca arizonica. Grass Manual Treatment.
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Leucocoryneae are terrestrial perennial herbaceous plants. They have tunicate bulbs, which may be simple or prolific (with bulbils), rarely lateral rhizomes. The outer bulb scales (cataphyll) are papyraceous, colourless or violaceous (Zoellnerallium). They may or may not have a garlic like odour.
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Aconitum plicatum is a tall spindly erect to scandent forb which is perennial from rhizomes. It has divided leaves. The flowering period extends primarily from July to September. The inflorescence is paniculate and simple or branched with a few or many side risps.
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Iris milesii They produce typical sword-shaped leaves and have mainly corms or rhizomes. There are some exceptions which have bulbs. These are two subgenera of Iris - Xiphium and Hermodactyloides. The blooms, which are often scented, are arranged in often terminal inflorescences.
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When hung on a gallery wall, the statement (or "didactic") becomes an > invitation, an explanation, and, often indirectly, an element of the > installation itself.Garrett-Petts, W.F., and Rachel Nash. "Re-Visioning the > Visual: Making Artistic Inquiry Visible." Rhizomes 18 (Winter 2008). Spec.
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Zygosepalum labiosum has scandent rhizomes with ovoid pseudobulbs. Its leaves are long. The orchid's inflorescence is up to long with one to three flowers. The flowers are up to in width, with greenish sepals and petals with red markings at their base.
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It has short, fibrous rhizomes. That has secondary roots or slender stolons. It has pale green and linear leaves, that are sword- shaped and can grow up to between long, and between 0.2 and 0.3 cm wide. They do not have a midvein.
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Iris kobayashii has short, tough, woody-like, rhizomes. With strong flesh roots underneath. It has yellowish brown sheaths (to the leaves), which are the remains of last seasons growths. It has linear, slightly twisted (spiral-like), leaves, that are long and 2–3 mm wide.
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It is also common in former rice paddies. This grass forms large colonies by spreading via its stolon-like stems and rhizomes. It grows in fresh and brackish water, tolerating some salt in the water. It is sometimes planted for erosion control in wetlands.
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It can also be propagated by division or by seed growing. The division of the rhizomes should done after flowering, between September and November. It also can be propagated by stem cuttings. If the cuttings are immersed in water for between 1–2 weeks.
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After the iris has flowered, in mid to late summer, it produces a seed capsule, that is similar in form to Iris pumila. The capsule is coated with a wart-like covering. The rhizomes are small, stout and branched. They form slowly spreading clumps.
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Cyperus eragrostis is an herbaceous perennial growing from rhizomes. It is a green sedge with tall, erect stems, in height. Long, thin, pointed leaves radiate from the top, similar to parasol ribs. Its flowers are found within tough, rounded, greenish-yellow or beige spikelets.
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In shallow water they project 20–30 cm out of the water. It grows from stout rhizomes. The flowers are inconspicuous, and not all plants produce them. Studies of H. vulgaris in the Tibetan Plateau have shown that it is a prolific methane emitter.
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The grass has slender creeping rhizomes. The culms are tall. It inflorescence is comprised out of 5–15 fertile spikelets, which are both oblong and compressed, with the length of . They are comprise out of 2-3 fertile florets that are diminished at the apex.
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Silky aster is distinctive in the wild due to the silky texture; no other American aster is sericeous throughout. It is a perennial herb growing from rhizomes. The stem is erect, sometimes branching. It is sericeous (silky) throughout, giving the stem a silvery-grey appearance.
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It grows rapidly after events such as wildfire, sprouting up from its rhizomes. It is considered a "fire-resistant" plant. It survives fire and resprouts, becoming more common on burned sites than unburned. This is not a favored food plant among wild and domesticated herbivores.
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It is also grown to produce orris-root, a scented substance used in perfumes, soaps, tooth cleanser, and clothes washing powder. Medicinally it was used as an expectorant and decongestant. It is made from the rhizomes of Iris florentina, Iris germanica and Iris pallida.
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They are not mulched, as this could cause rotting to the rhizomes. They can be fertilized in early spring, and again in late summer, with a general fertilizer or bone meal. The foliage can be cut back in the autumn, after the flowers have faded.
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Cymbopogon refractus is a tufted perennial bunchgrass, without stolons or rhizomes. The culms, or stems of the grass are to in height and branching at the nodes. The nodes are purplish and hairless. The leaves of the plant are basal and on the stems.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with short rhizomes and long culms. It ligule have an eciliate membrane which is long and is also lacerate. The leaf-blades are wide with the bottom being scabrous and pilose. The panicle is open, inflorescenced, and linear.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes. The culms are decumbent and are long with smooth interlodes. The leaf-sheaths are scabrous, tubular, are closed on one end. The leaf-blades are flat, long by wide and have an acute apex and ciliated margin.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes. It culms are erected and long while the plant stem is smooth. The leaf-sheaths are scabrous, tubular, closed on one end and are glabrous on surface. The leaf-blades are flat, stiff, and are long by wide.
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Bambusa aurinuda is a Perennial and caespitose plant with rather short rhizomes. Its culms are erect, and allows it to grow up to a height of 800–1100 cm long. Its stem grows up to 40–100 mm in diameter. Its stem is woody.
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Aulonemia haenkei has 3 lodicules, 3 stamen, and 2 stigmas. It is perennial and caespitose with short Rhizomes, making it a pachymorph. Its culms erect, allowing the plant to grow up to heights of 150–200 cm long, due to its woody s tem.
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Filament, 5. Tepal Lilies are tall perennials ranging in height from . They form naked or tunicless scaly underground bulbs which are their organs of perennation. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into rhizomes, on which numerous small bulbs are found.
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These herbs have rhizomes but not turions. Tubers can be absent or present. The main difference between Stuckenia and Potamogeton is that the stipule joins the leaf base. When it is pulled the sheath and stipule comes away, similar to a grass sheath and ligule.
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Amsterdam, the Netherlands: European Union, and Gland, Switzerland: World Wildlife Fund. The plants found in hydric soils often have aerenchyma, internal spaces in stems and rhizomes, that allow atmospheric oxygen to be transported to the rooting zone.Justin, S. H. F. W. and Armstrong, W. 1987.
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These plants are found in wetlands, particularly marshes, where they spread by means of thick rhizomes. Like many other marsh plants, they depend upon aerenchyma to transport oxygen to the rooting zone. They frequently occur on shorelines and floodplains where water levels fluctuate seasonally.
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Rheum ribes growing in Iran Rheum species are herbaceous perennials growing from fleshy roots. They have upright growing stems and mostly basal, deciduous leaves growing from short, thick rhizomes. They have persistent or deciduous ocrea. The inflorescences are terminal and panicle-like with pedicels.
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The species is perennial and caespitose, with elongated rhizomes. Its culms are long with scabrous leaf-sheaths. It eciliate membrane is long and is also lacerated and obtuse. The leaf-blades are involute and are long by wide with its surface being pubescent and hairy.
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High-plains goldenrodBiota of north America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago altiplanities is an herb up to 1 m (39 inches) tall, spreading by underground rhizomes. One plant can produce as many as 350 small yellow flower heads in a broad, conical array.
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East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part B: Large Mammals. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. pp. 231–249. During the dry seasons, they subsist on bulbs, rhizomes, and nutritious roots. Warthogs are powerful diggers, using both their snouts and feet.
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Zeuxinella is a genus of terrestrial orchids spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Only one species is known, Zeuxinella vietnamica, endemic to Vietnam.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesAveryanov, L. (2008). The orchids of Vietnam illustrated survey part 1 Subfamilies Apostasioideae, Cyprioedioideae and Spiranthoideae.
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Blueberry plants are commonly found in oak-heath forests in eastern North America. Vaccinium is found in both successional and stable sites, and is fire-adapted in many regions, withstanding low-intensity burns, and re- sprouting from rhizomes when above-ground tissues are burned off.
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Typically, this species of grass has a long growing season and ranges between 2 and tall in seedhead stage.Grass and Legume Identification. UK Extension. right Tall fescue spreads through tillering and seed transmission — not by stolons or rhizomes, which are common in many grass species.
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Turmeric farm on Deccan Plateau Turmeric is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches up to tall. Highly branched, yellow to orange, cylindrical, aromatic rhizomes are found. The leaves are alternate and arranged in two rows. They are divided into leaf sheath, petiole, and leaf blade.
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Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, México D.F.. Cosmos ochroleucoflorus is a branching perennial up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves are narrow, undivided, up to 13 cm (5 inches) long.
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Anemonastrum canadense, synonym Anemone canadensis, the Canada anemone, round- headed anemone, round-leaf thimbleweed, meadow anemone, windflower, or crowfoot, is a herbaceous perennial native to moist meadows, thickets, streambanks, and lakeshores in North America, spreading rapidly by underground rhizomes, valued for its white flowers.
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Rumex confertus (Russian dock) is a flowering plant species in the family Polygonaceae. It grows quickly, reproduces from rhizomes and seed, and produces large quantities of viable seed. Its seed is adapted for wind and water dispersal and exhibits a high rate of germination.
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Archibald William Smith Marsh Pea grows from long rhizomes that allows the plant to spread vegetatively. As the common name implies, Marsh Pea, it is found in wet to moist areas where it can receive adequate sun and also allows other plants to climb on.
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Iris verna is a small herbaceous, perennial flowering plant. It forms colonies through its deeply-buried underground rhizomes. It blooms in spring and generally has light to deep blue or violet inflorescence, although rare white forms are known. The sepals have a golden yellow signal.
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Short's goldenrod is a rhizomatous perennial. It reaches heights of and has leaves measuring long and wide. It produces yellow flowers from mid-August to November, releasing seeds from late September to late November. Short's goldenrod reproduces vegetatively by rhizomes and sexually by seeds.
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Both species of beachgrass are noted for their association with stable sand dunes, and observations in regions where they were introduced to coasts indicate that they actually build the first line of dunes on coasts (the foredunes). The plants spread rapidly – annually – through the sand by subsurface runners (rhizomes), and can produce up to 100 stems per clump annually. They can tolerate burial in as much as of sand; sand burial stimulates the rhizomes to grow vertically, and is essential to plant vigor. The beachgrass species are also very good examples of xerophytes, being able to thrive on arid to semi- arid beach dunes.
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Five species of blueberries grow wild in Canada, including Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Vaccinium corymbosum which grow on forest floors or near swamps. Wild (lowbush) blueberries are not planted by farmers, but rather are managed on berry fields called "barrens". Wild blueberries reproduce by cross pollination, with each seed producing a plant with a different genetic composition, causing within the same species differences in growth, productivity, color, leaf characteristics, disease resistance, flavor, and other fruit characteristics. The mother plant develops underground stems called rhizomes, allowing the plant to form a network of rhizomes creating a large patch (called a clone) which is genetically distinct.
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Sagittaria lancifolia L. The plant is conspicuous for its large, lance-shaped leaves which grow up from underground rhizomes and its showy, white three-petaled flowers which form at the end of long, thick stalks. Each flower has three green sepals, three white or pink-tinged petals, at least six stamens, and pistils which may be in separate flowers. The plant likes to grow in fresh or brackish water and is commonly found in ditches, marshes, swamps and along the shores of lakes and streams. Sagittaria lancifolia reproduces both asexually through spreading rhizomes and sexually through reproduction of copious achenes, a dry fruit each of which carries a single seed.
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Seed dispersal and seedling establishment is typically limited by shading, and new establishments from seed are restricted to disturbed areas. However, Aegopodium podagraria readily spreads over large areas of ground by underground rhizomes. Once established, the plants are highly competitive, also in shaded environments, and can reduce the diversity of ground cover, and prevent the establishment of tree and shrub seedlings. Because of its limited seed dispersal ability, short-lived seed bank and seedling recruitment, the primary vector for dispersal to new areas are human plantings as an ornamental, medicinal or vegetable plant, as well as by accidentally spreading rhizomes by dumping of garden waste.
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It is classed as an mezo-xerophyte (meaning it likes medium to dry habitats), and has stoloniferous rhizomes which are about 3 cm long. Underneath the rhizomes, it has very long secondary roots. It has large, ribbon-like, and falcate (sickle- shaped), leaves, that can grow up to between long, It has a slender stem or peduncle, that starts to grow in March, up to between tall. The stem holds a terminal (top of stem) flower, the plant normally has 2–3 stems, each with flower buds, blooming in Spring,James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) between late March, or April and May, or June.
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In 2003, a study was carried out the rhizomes of Iris leptophylla, using chromatography and recrystallization. It found eight compounds (including 5 flavonoids), 'tectorigenin irisflorentin' (I), 'tectorigenin irilone' (II), wild Tectoridin iridin (III), Tectoridin tectoridin (IV), Tectoridin irilone-4'-glucoside (V), the last three compounds were daucosterol (VI), β- sitosterol (VII), octadecyl acid (VIII). In February 2007, a spectroscopic chemical compound study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris leptophylla, it found several isoflavonoid glucosides, including irisleptophyllidin, (C24H24O12 ,John Buckingham, V. Ranjit N. Munasinghe ) nigricanin, irifloside and irigenin. In 2009, a karyotype analysis was carried out on 10 Irises found in China, it found the chromosome counts.
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It has short, obconical (like an inverted cone) rhizomes, with slender secondary roots underneath. The top of the rhizome has dense straight fibres. It has narrow, linear leaves, that can grow up to between long, and between 0.2 and 0.4 cm wide. They have a pointed end.
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Spines on Canthium angustifolium Stylar head-complex of Vangueria dryadum Several different life forms are present in the tribe: most species are shrubs, but geofructices (plants with woody rhizomes) (e.g. Fadogia homblei, Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri), small trees (e.g. Vangueria infausta), and climbers (e.g. Keetia gueinzii) also occur.
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Determination of acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Potentilla erecta (tormentil) rhizomes in rats and mice. Journal of Medicinal Food 12(5), 1173–1176. Research continues to determine its safety and usefulness as an alternative medicine for such disorders as ulcerative colitis.Huber, R., et al. (2007).
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Harvesting sennegrass Carex vesicaria was cultivated in North America by indigenous people as its rhizomes were used for basketry, The dried fibres, were sometimes used as thermal insulation in footwear in polar regions, are known as sennegrass, saennegrass or similar, from the plant's Bokmål name sennegras.
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Iris versicolor is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant, growing high. It tends to form large clumps from thick, creeping rhizomes. The unwinged, erect stems generally have basal leaves that are more than wide. Leaves are folded on the midribs so that they form an overlapping flat fan.
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Rhizomes enable the plant to absorb more nutrients from the soil. This enables the species to grow in relatively dry environments. Stems of Berberis canadensis are hairless, not extensively branched, and range in color from green, purple, red, to brown. Stems also grow in a dimorphic fashion.
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Carex sheldonii produces triangular stems up to a meter tall from a network of rhizomes. The narrow, hairy leaves attach to the stems by reddish purple sheaths. The inflorescence is a solid, narrow cluster of flowers up to 50 centimeters long, holding up to 100 developing fruits.
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Aetsuma N, Nakagawa N. (1998) "Effects of habitat differences on feeding behaviors of Japanese monkeys: comparison between Yakushima and Kinkazan". Primates 39(3):275-89. When preferred food items are not available, macaques dig up underground plant parts (roots or rhizomes) or eat soil and fish.
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Mesophytes do not have any specific morphological adaptations. They usually have broad, flat and green leaves; an extensive fibrous root system to absorb water; and the ability to develop perennating organs such as corms, rhizomes and bulbs to store food and water for use during drought.
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The species is perennial with elongated rhizomes and erect culms which are long. The leaf-sheaths are tubular and are closed on one end with its surface being glabrous or pilose. The leaf-blades are flat with scaberulous surface and acuminate apex. They are long by wide.
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In the meantime, Brachiaria and Urochloa plants are usually not difficult to distinguish from one another. Brachiaria are annual or perennial grasses, most lacking rhizomes. The inflorescence is a branching panicle, and the plant reaches about a meter in height.Watson, L. and M. J. Dallwitz. (2008). Brachiaria.
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Zingiberene is a monocyclic sesquiterpene that is the predominant constituent of the oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale), from which it gets its name. It can contribute up to 30% of the essential oils in ginger rhizomes. This is the compound that gives ginger its distinct flavoring.
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Capillipedium spicigerum is a tufted perennial bunchgrass, without stolons or rhizomes. The culms, or stems of the grass grow to in height and have hairy nodes. The lower leaf sheaths of the plant are silky hairy. The leaf blades are long and wide at the base.
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The leaves attain 3 to 4 inches in length, being deep green, roughly textured, deep veined, cordate at their bases and with serrate margins. The shoots emerge from stout, knobby rhizomes. Leaves are easily damaged in direct sun exposure. Flowering occurs in late summer to early fall.
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This section, closely allied to the cushion irises, includes several garden hybrids with species in section Oncocyclus, known as Regelio-cyclus irises. They are best planted in September or October in warm sunny positions, the rhizomes being lifted the following July after the leaves have withered.
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The bulk of the species are tropical, although there are a number of temperate species. These ferns typically have creeping rhizomes. The fronds are simply pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid. There is either no frond dimorphism or only mild dimorphism, either open venation or very simple anastomosing.
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Mentha L. In: Stace, C. A., ed. Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles page 387. It is a herbaceous rhizomatous perennial plant that grows to be tall, with smooth stems, square in cross section. The rhizomes are wide-spreading, fleshy, and bear fibrous roots.
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Known as raupō in New Zealand, the plant was quite useful to Māori. The rhizomes were cooked and eaten, while the flowers were baked into cakes. The leaves were used for roofs and walls and occasionally for canoe sails. Māori introduced the plant to the Chatham Islands.
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40, No. 4, Autumn 1970. Trillium undulatum is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. There are three large leaf-like bracts arranged in a whorl about a scape that rises directly from the rhizome. Bracts are ovate, each with a definite petiole.
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It has slender, greenish,British Iris Society (1997) or whitish yellow rhizomes. They are shallow rooted. They spread by sending out long stolons from multiple branches.Edwin B. Smith They can have up to 2–8 cord-like branches. The branches can be long and 1-2mm wide.
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Eleutherodactylus emiliae occurs in closed-canopy, humid forests at elevations of above sea level. It is a terrestrial species that can be found under rocks, trunks, and among the rhizomes of tree ferns. Eggs are deposited on the ground. Development is direct, without free-living larval stage.
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Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf.
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The terrestrial species are up to 80 cm tall. They have short rhizomes. The oblong and fleshy pseudobulbs are up to 25 cm tall. They produce at their apex 2 to 3 large plicate, lanceolate, parallel-veined leaves, which can be up to 65 cm long.
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The long strap- shaped leaves are evergreen and spring from thick branching roots or rhizomes. Like other members of the tribe Haemantheae to which it belongs, Clivia fruits are berries. When ripe, they contain large fleshy seeds which are often more than 1 cm in diameter.
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Adults are on wing from June to August in two generations in the southern part of the range. The larvae feed on various wetland plants, including Typha, Pontederia and Eichhornia species. Young larvae feed on the surface, but later instars burrow into the leaves or rhizomes.
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Members of this family can be herbaceous to "woody" vines. They grow from this rhizomes and are often armed with prickles on the stems and/or leaves. Leaves are alternate and simple; and entire to spinose-serrate. Some members of this family have coriaceous (leathery) leaves.
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The scrub hare is an herbivore and eats mostly green grasses. During times of drought when green grass is less prevalent, they will indulge in leaves, stems, and rhizomes of grass. When even those are hard to come by they will eat shrub bark to survive.
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The plants are often found growing on wooded slopes or in ravines and they spread by stolons, or stoloniferous rhizomes. The plants are usually in height and bear one or two flowers per stem in April and May, that hang downward from the axils of the leaves.
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It has been noted to grow at oil spill sites within two months of the disturbance, and it grows alongside the Dempster Highway in northwestern Canada. Its long-lasting soil seed bank allows it to sprout after the soil is disturbed, and the rhizomes may prevent erosion.
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The rootstock consists of rhizomes, growing vertically down. They are creamish in color and covered with root hairs. The flowers are white or crimson in color, born in small, rounded bunches (umbels) near the surface of the soil. Each flower is partly enclosed in two green bracts.
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Gray dogwood grows high, rarely to . It often sends up suckers from underground rhizomes, forming thickets. Its bark is gray and its twigs have white pith. The leaves are long and wide, and typically have 3 or 4 pairs of lateral veins, fewer than other dogwood species.
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The stipules are open. There are no rhizomes or floating leaves. Abundant turions are produced along the stem, especially in autumn as the plant disintegrates. The flower spikes of blunt-leaved pondweed are rather short and dense, 4–9 mm long with 6-8 flowers in each.
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This species grows in the form of a low, dwarf shrublet only in height. It has subterranean stems (rhizomes), these have a characteristically scaled bark. The stems form loose tufts of leaves across. It has glaucous blue leaves forming a rosette, which blooms at ground level.
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It is regarded as a weed in many places, including South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. As it spreads through rhizomes, care should be taken when removing to avoid leaving behind bulbs. Digging the bulbs out while soil is moist when removing can help this process.
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Chonggak radish sprouting The taproots of the radish weigh , and are about ten to thirteen times smaller than a regular Korean radish. The upper part of the roots are subterranean stems, from which the long ovate leaves grow. The roots are long and the rhizomes are long.
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This plant has its overwintering buds situated just below the soil surface (hemicryptophyte). It spreads by underground rhizomes and produces deep, taproot-shaped tubers. Both are white and fleshy. Because any piece of the roots can sprout into a new plant, it is extremely hard to eradicate.
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Juncus phaeocephalus is perennial with creeping rhizomes. It has flattened stems that are two-edged and can grow up to tall. Its leaves are shorter than its flowering stems. Brown-head Rush can be easily mistaken from sedges or irises because of its stems and leaves.
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Salina pass wild rye is a perennial grass forming dense clumps of stems up to 1.4 meters in height. It sometimes has rhizomes. The leaves are mostly located around the bases of the stems. The inflorescence is a spike with spikelets mostly solitary or sometimes paired.
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Sidalcea campestris is a taprooted perennial herb that grows from thick, stubby rhizomes. It has a basal rosette of toothed leaves. Its stems are erect and hollow. The flowers are five-petaled and numerous, with typically fifty or more per plant, forming in branched racemes atop stems.
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The inflorescence is a dense bunch or open array of spikelets. Each spikelet is about half a centimeter long and has a bent or twisted awn about the same length. This perennial grass grows mainly from creeping rhizomes. The leaves are mostly basal, narrow, and flat.
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Species placed in the genus Reynoutria are robust erect perennial plants, growing from rhizomes. They are usually monoecious, with mostly bisexual flowers, but also some unisexual flowers. The petals of the flowers are dry and paperlike when mature. The fruits are achenes with threefold sharp edges.
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The larvae attack and damage the rhizomes of Stachys species, which will spoil easily and have to be eliminated before being sold. Only the larvae of the second generation cause economically important damage to cultivated Stachys, those of the early generation tunnel in the roots and the runners.
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Iris bungei is intermediate in form between Iris tenuifolia and Iris ventricosa. It has knobbly, woody, rhizomes. That can spread to create dense clumps of plants. It has red-brown or maroon-brown fibres or sheaths, that can be long, which are the remains of the previous seasons leaves.
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The plant is a woolly shrub growing 1 to 2 meters tall from rhizomes, forming dense riverside thickets. Large clusters of small pink flowers form spires in early summer, later turning dark and persisting. The leaves are toothed toward the tips. The undersides are whitish with prominent veins.
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It is quite variable and usually divided into at least two subtaxa. In general, it is a succulent plant producing mats of basal rosettes from a system of rhizomes. The basal leaves are 1 or 2 centimeters long. They are sometimes coated in a waxy, powdery looking exudate.
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The plants also spread by rhizomes, forming large, interconnected stands. Typha are considered to be dominant competitors in wetlands in many areas, and they often exclude other plants with their dense canopy. In the bays of the Great Lakes, for example, they are among the most abundant wetland plants.
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Festuca rubra is perennial and has sub-species that have rhizomes and/or form bunchgrass tufts. It mainly exists in neutral and acidic soils. It can grow between 2 and 20 cm tall. Like all fescues, the leaves are narrow and needle like, making it less palatable to livestock.
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U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). This perennial herb grows from a bulb with a network of rhizomes. The stem grows up to 1.6 meters tall. The lance-shaped leaves reach up to 55 centimeters long by 7.2 centimeters wide.
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Grass Manual Treatment. This perennial grass grows from rhizomes, producing stems up to 4 meters tall and 3.5 centimeters wide. The stems root at nodes that come in contact with the substrate. It also spreads via functional stolons (decumbent rooting stems) and vegetative buds that erupt from the stems.
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This sedge is a loosely or densely clumping plant growing 10 to 35 centimeters tall. The leaves are quill-like, narrow and rolled tightly. The inflorescence is generally not more than a centimeter long and has several male and female flowers. It reproduces by seed and vegetatively by rhizomes.
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No endosperm is present on the seeds. M. cerifera can also reproduce clonally through runners. This species occurs in two forms, but there is no clear dividing line between them, many intermediate forms occurring. Specimens in drier and sandier areas are shrub-like, have rhizomes and smaller leaves.
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In general, a tuber is high in starch, e.g. the potato, which is a modified stolon. The term "tuber" is often used imprecisely and is sometimes applied to plants with rhizomes. If a rhizome is separated each piece may be able to give rise to a new plant.
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Most species are putatively parasitic, relying entirely upon mycorrhizal fungi within their coral-shaped rhizomes for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy, they have never been successfully cultivated. Most species are leafless and rootless. Most species produce little or no chlorophyll, and do not utilize photosynthesis.
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Flower stalks are tall. The male inflorescence is a panicle; the female inflorescence consists of short spikelets borne in burlike clusters, usually with two to four spikelets per bur. Buffalograss sends out numerous, branching stolons; occasionally, it also produces rhizomes. Roots are also numerous and thoroughly occupy the soil.
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It has short rhizomes and a few long secondary roots. It has glaucous and sheathing leaves. The leaves can grow up to between long, and between wide.James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) They are herbaceous, and die in autumn and it remains dormant over winter.
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In Japan, it is used as a source of starch. The rhizomes are ground up to access the starch. In China, it is used in herbal medicines, the rhizome is used to treat injuries. As a decoction, it is used to treat bronchitis, internal injuries, rheumatism and swellings.
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Symphyotrichum firmum can reach heights of up to . It forms large colonies with long, creeping rhizomes. The stem is hairless or it may have stiff, short hairs, often formed in vertical lines. It is sometimes dark red or purple at the nodes (where the leaf connects to the stem).
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Symphyotrichum ciliolatum can reach heights of up to and can spread via long rhizomes. The leaves are typically heart-shaped with winged petioles. Flowering occurs between late July and October. The ray florets are blue or bluish purple, and the disc florets are yellow, becoming reddish purple with maturity.
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Their showy flowers and ease of culture have made them popular with growers of indoor houseplants. Numerous species and hybrids are now in cultivation, some with patterned or variegated foliage as well as vivid flowers. They are easily propagated by both stem cuttings and division of the rhizomes.
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The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cyperus niger is a perennial herb with small, wispy rhizomes. There may be a few long, thin leaves around the base of the plant. The thin stems often grow bunched together and may reach half a meter in height.
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Salvia nilotica is a perennial shrub growing in the eastern African highlands from Ethiopia to Zimbabwe, between 900 and 3600 m elevation. It has many creeping rhizomes and stems about 60–90 cm tall. The small flowers, in whorls of 6–8, range from purple to rose to white.
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Carex spectabilis produces clusters of stems 50 to 90 centimeters in maximum height, sometimes from rhizomes. The inflorescence is an erect to heavily nodding cluster of flowers covered in dark purplish scales. The fruit is coated in a perigynium which is pale yellowish to dark purple to black.
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The rhizomes of C. angustifolia are used to soothe coughs and as such is used to treat bronchitis. Essential oils from C. angustifolia have been extracted and are used in antifungal medications. Compounds in the leaves of this plant have also been shown to have potential as antibacterial agents.
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Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2 22. It is also used for grazing livestock and weaving mats and baskets. This is a perennial grass forming clumps 30 centimetres to one metre tall with tough, dense bases sprouting from rhizomes.
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Alisma orientale is sometimes treated as a variety of this species (Alisma var. orientale). The rhizomes of A. orientale have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine, ze xie. However, it may have serious side effects or even toxic effects such as hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes and long culms. It has smooth leaf- sheaths with an eciliate membrane that is long and goes around the ligule. It is also lacerate, truncate and obtuse with the leaf blades being wide. The panicle is open, inflorescenced, lanceolate, and is long.
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Glottiphyllum plants have thick, soft leaves arranged in pairs that are low to the ground and often graze the soil surface. They also have rhizomes. They sport yellow flowers with narrow petals in the autumn and winter. The flowers are sometimes fragrant and around 5 cm in diameter.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes and erect culms that are long. The leaf-sheaths are scabrous, tubular and closed on one end while the leaf-blades are conduplicate and are wide. They also have ciliate margins and rough, scabrous surface. The membrane is eciliated and is long.
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Scleria amazonica is a perennial herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stem is triangular in cross-section, up to 120 cm tall. Leaves are up to 45 cm long, with a V-shaped ligule of dense hairs. Inflorescences unisexual, in a paniculate arrangement, up to 46 cm long.
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Bombay Sapphire gin contains flavoring derived from particular bearded iris species Iris germanica and Iris pallida. Rhizomes of the German Iris (I. germanica) and Sweet Iris (I. pallida) are traded as orris root and are used in perfume and medicine, though more common in ancient times than today.
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The epithet porrecta refers to the prolonged, outcurved beak on the perigynia, a distinctive feature of the species. Carex porrecta is an herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stems are triagonal in cross-section, up to 125 cm tall. Leaves are mostly basal, up to 60 cm long.
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It is similar in form to Iris orientalis but with larger flowers. It has stout rhizomes, and it has long, erect, straight, and (ensiform) sword-like leaves.British Iris Society (1997) Measuring between long and 1.5–2.5 cm wide. It has a stout, terete (round in cross-section) long stem.
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It has very short upright rhizomes, that are 1.5 cm long and 0.7 cm in diameter.British Iris Society (1997) It has fibrous secondary roots underneath the rhizome. It slowly forms dense clumps of plants. It has dull, or dark green leaves, that are long and 0.2–0.9 cm wide.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes and long by wide culms. The leaves themselves are cauline while leaf- sheath butt is purple coloured. The leaf-sheaths are tubular and are closed on one end. The eciliate membrane have a ligule that is long and is lacerate.
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Wattled cranes inhabit fairly inaccessible wetlands under most conditions. It requires shallow marsh-like habitats with a good deal of sedge-based vegetation. All cranes are omnivorous. The principal food of the wattled crane is mainly aquatic eating the tubers and rhizomes of submerged sedges and water lilies.
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Cardamine occidentalis is a perennial herb growing from very small rhizomes. It produces a branching erect or leaning stem which may root at nodes. There is a basal array of leaves, each on a petiole and divided into many leaflets. There are also several leaves along the stem.
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It is similar in form to Iris bloudowii, but smaller, although it has slightly inflated bracts. It has short, thick yellow-brown rhizomes, that are about in diameter.British Iris Society (1997) Underneath, are thick fibrous secondary roots. On top of the rhizome, are the bases of last seasons leaves.
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The Smilax glauca is resistant to fire because it sprouts from rhizomes, canopy openings that are caused by fire favor S. glauca. The immediate effect of fire on the Smilax glauca is being top-killed with resprouting. Smilax glauca increases in importance after fire in upland southern pine forests.
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These plants are perennial herbs or subshrubs, often growing from rhizomes. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged and sometimes are borne on petioles. The inflorescences and flowers come in a variety of shapes. Like other species of the milkweed family, these plants bear follicles, which are podlike dry fruits.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with short rhizomes. It culms are erect and are long. The species' leaf-sheaths are scabrous, tubular, keeled and are closed on one end with its ligule having eciliate membrane. Panicle is inflorescent, is contracted, oblong, have a secund branches and is long.
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Some are a few centimeters tall and some reach . They vary in form, with one or more branching stems growing erect or prostrate, usually from rhizomes. They are hairy to hairless in texture, and most are aromatic. The leaves are alternately arranged, the blades sometimes borne on petioles.
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The hindwings are pale brown with a darker discal lunule and subterminal band. Adults are on wing from August to October in one generation per year. The larvae feed on Arctium, Cirsium, Dipsacus, and sometimes Verbena and Verbascum species. They bore in the rhizomes of their host plant.
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The species is perennial and have elongated rhizomes. The plant stem is smooth with the culms being long. The species leaf-sheaths are tubular with one of their length being closed. It eciliate membrane is truncate with its leaf-blades being long and wide and have acuminated apex.
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It is similar in form to Iris pumila, but differs by being smaller in all parts.Sydenham Teast Edwards and John Lindley It has a long, thin rhizome, which is about 2–5 mm thick. Which has many thickened branched nobes. These creeping branched rhizomes make clumps of plants.
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Curcuma zanthorrhiza flourishes up to 1500 m above sea level in a tropical climate. Its rhizomes develop well in loose soil.Hidayat, S. dan Tim Flona: “Khasiat Tumbuhan Berdasar Warna, Bentuk, Rasa, Aroma, dan Sifat”, page 105. PT Samindra Utama, 2008 Curcuma zanthorrhiza is used as a medicinal plant.
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C. nodosa has light green or greyish-green leaves. They are very narrow but may be up to forty centimetres long. Each leaf has seven to nine veins running along its length. The plant produces rhizomes which are only 1 mm in diameter and have leaf scars at intervals.
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It is also suitable for container gardening. It does have an undesirable tendency to spread via rhizomes beyond it original planting. It attracts bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies, and contributes color to gardens—both the blue of its late-season flowers, and the silvery colors of its winter stalks.
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The genus includes annual and perennial herbs with taproots or fibrous root systems, or with rhizomes or stolons. The stems are often erect but may be prostrate along the ground, and some species are prickly. The stems are self-supporting or twining and climbing.Persicaria. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
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The Virginia waterleaf or eastern waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum, often misspelled as virginicum) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Eastern North America. The plant sometimes spreads by rhizomes to form large colonies in wooded areas. It can also spread by seeds. The seedling usually appear early to mid-spring.
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Rhizomes, which are stems of plants that usually grow underground and send out roots and shoots from their nodes, grow in a creeping manner. The stem grows about a foot high and it is simple, erect, smooth, round and naked, except at the top. It is relatively thin.
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As roots and rhizomes grow they are thought to disturb and loosen the medium, increasing its porosity, which may allow more effective fluid movement in the rhizosphere. When roots decay they leave behind ports and channels known as macropores which are effective in channeling water through the soil.
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Leersia virginica, commonly known as whitegrass, white cutgrass, or Virginian cutgrass, is a perennial grass that is native to eastern North America, typically found in partially shaded low-lying wet areas. Its blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early fall. Whitegrass can be distinguished from rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) by its smoother leaf sheaths, flowering heads with solitary lower branches in the flowering heads, smaller and more strongly overlapping spikelets, and short rhizomes with overlapping scales. Rice cutgrass, in contrast, has leaf sheaths round enough to cause painful scratches, flowering heads with two or more branches at the lowermost nodes, larger and barely overlapping spikelets, and more elongated rhizomes with the scales usually not overlapping.
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It has a fibrous mass of roots and lateral rhizomes that anchor it, and even if most of the plant is ripped away during flooding, it easily resprouts from remnants of the rhizomes. It is often found growing in sandstone bedrock, gravel bars, nooks between boulders, and in riverborne deposits of debris, rubble, and silt. It is adapted to periodic flooding, scouring, erosion, and deposition of litter. Other plants in the habitat may include hazel alder (Alnus serrulata), silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), creepers (Parthenocissus), ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), sycamore species (Platanus), blackberries (Rubus), willow species (Salix), American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), soapworts (Saponaria), greenbrier species (Smilax), goldenrod species (Solidago), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans).
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Turmeric (pronounced , also or ) is a flowering plant, Curcuma longa of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, the roots of which are used in cooking. The plant is a perennial, rhizomatous, herbaceous plant native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, that requires temperatures between and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive. Plants are gathered each year for their rhizomes, some for propagation in the following season and some for consumption. The rhizomes are used fresh or boiled in water and dried, after which they are ground into a deep orange-yellow powder commonly used as a coloring and flavoring agent in many Asian cuisines, especially for curries, as well as for dyeing.
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This is a woodland indicator species, and in Scotland it is found on acid, organic soils, mainly in pine, birch and oak woodland and moorland which has supported woodland in the past, and also sometimes on heaths. The plant is a good competitor, rarely reproducing by seed but a poor colonist forming extensive clonal populations interconnected by rhizomes during the growing season. The rhizomes and above-ground parts are deciduous, the plant forming overwintering tubers. The range of the plant is changing little in Scotland, but it has declined in northern England due to woodland clearance and moor burning, however its precise distribution on the North York Moors is now better known.
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Tall kangaroo paw (Anigozanthos flavidus). These perennials are endemic to dry sandy, siliceous areas of southwest Australia, but they occur as well in a variety of other environments and soil types. They are grown commercially in Australia, the United States, Japan and Israel. The plant grows from short, underground, horizontal rhizomes.
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Carex nebrascensis produces upright, angled, spongy stems up to about 90 centimeters tall. The waxy, bluish leaves form tufts around the base of each stem. The root system is a very dense network of rhizomes. The inflorescence includes a few narrow staminate spikes above some wider pistillate spikes on short peduncles.
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It is a geophyte, with small rhizomes and very short fibrous secondary roots. The roots do not multiply very quickly, to make clumps of plants. The leaves are erect,British Iris Society (1997) grass-like and grey green. They can grow up to long, and between 0.4 and 0.7 cm wide.
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The most widespread of the western North American trilliums, Trillium ovatum varies greatly within its range. Despite this, T. ovatum closely resembles the eastern T. grandiflorum. Apart from geographic location, the two species are not easily distinguished. T. ovatum is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes.
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Pteris biaurita, the thinleaf brake, is a fern species in the genus Pteris. It is widely distributed around the world, including Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The plants are 70–110 cm in height, with erect, woody rhizomes 2–2.5 cm in diameter, and the apex densely covered with brown scales.
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Gaultheria shallon is tolerant of both sunny and shady conditions at low to moderate elevations. It is a common coniferous forest understory species and may dominate large areas with its spreading rhizomes. In coastal areas, it may form dense, nearly impenetrable thickets. It grows as far north as Baranof Island, Alaska.
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Iris falcifolia is used as a purgative, an oil from the rhizomes was used as an ointment to treat rheumatism. In Baluchistan (Pakistan), 10g of ground flowers (not just the pistils) are mixed with liquid yoghurt and then drunk in the mornings and evenings, as a herbal remedy for dysentery.
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This sedge produces stems 25 centimeters to well over one meter tall from a network of long rhizomes. The leaves have reddish brown sheaths which do not have spots. The inflorescence produces stiff, nodding spikes on peduncles. The fruit is coated in a leathery yellowish brown sac called a perigynium.
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In Japan, bracken is known as warabi, and are steamed, boiled, or cooked in soups. The fiddleheads are also preserved in salt, sake, or miso. In China, bracken is known as juecai, and are eaten like vegetables or preserved by drying. Bracken rhizomes can be ground into flour to make bread.
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A. textile produces egg-shaped bulbs up to 2.5 cm long. There are no rhizomes. Scapes are round in cross-section, up to 40 cm tall. Flowers are bell-shaped or urn-shaped, about 6 mm in diameter; tepals white or pink with reddish-brown midribs; pollen and anthers yellow.
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Achnatherum aridum is a resident of high desert scrub and woodland habitat at some elevation. It is a tuft-forming perennial bunchgrass without rhizomes. The bunches of stems reach a maximum height of around . The inflorescence is a panicle often partly enfolded in the narrow sheath of the uppermost leaf.
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Sparganium americanum spread rapidly through their underground root systems of rhizomes. American bur-reed does flower in the summer time. The inflorescence of S. americanum can be branched or simple. The fruits of this plant species have a dull surface with beaks that are between 2 and 5 millimeters long.
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It is similar in form to a dwarf form of an Iris aphylla. It has partially exposed rhizomes, that branches to form a dense clump. It has falcate (sickle-shaped), grey-green leaves, deciduous, simple, sheathing leaves. They can grow up to long, and between 1.5 and 2.5 cm wide.
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Leaves: 5–15 cm long leaves, almost all at the base, often withered. Leaves are coarsely toothed, narrowed to a winged stalk. Rhizomes of the plant are 15–25 cm long and woody. Flowers: small, pale or purplish blue, borne in cylindric spikes, spikes borne on almost leafless erect stems.
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This perennial bunchgrass grows in clumps without rhizomes or stolons, with erect stems growing to about 8-31 inches (20–80 cm).Grass Manual on the Web Retrieved 2010-03-15. The species name perennans means "perennial".Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point Retrieved 2010-03-15.
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The whole plant that emerges from these rhizomes can be up to 1 metre across. The seed is retained in the seed-head for a considerable time, before being released and scattered by the wind. Each flower has both male and female parts. Pollination occurs through the action of rodents.
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The shrub forms a dense mat, up to 50cm in diameter, of root-like, underground rhizomes. Tufts of leaves eventually bearing flowers appear on the surface of the soil. It is long- lived, with individuals living longer than a century. The plant sprouts again from the underground stems after fires.
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Stuckenia pectinata is a fully submerged aquatic plant and does not have any floating or emerged leaves. The flowers are wind pollinated and the seeds float. Tubers that are rich in starch are formed on the rhizomes. Reproduction can either be vegetative with tubers and plant fragments or sexual with seeds.
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Spring ephemeral describes the life habit of perennial woodland wildflowers which develop aerial parts (i.e. stems, leaves, and flowers) of the plant early each spring and then quickly bloom, and produce seed. The leaves often wither leaving only underground structures (i.e. roots, rhizomes, and bulbs) for the remainder of the year.
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In warmer areas (USDA zone 8 and warmer), garlic chives may remain green all year round. In cold areas (USDA zones 7 to 4b), leaves and stalks completely die back to the ground, and resprout from roots or rhizomes in the spring. The flavor is more like garlic than chives.
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It prefers to grow in well-drained soils in full sun. It does not like waterlogged soils, that can damage the rhizomes, but has high drought and salt tolerance. So could be used in p It can be grown in rock gardens. It is only collected and cultivated by iris specialists.
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Caltha novae-zelandiae is a small (3–5 cm, exceptional up to 18 cm high), hairless, perennial herb. Plants form mats of rosettes. Its white rhizomes are stout and fleshy. The spade- shaped leaves have slender, grooved petioles of up to 10 cm long that form a membranous sheathing base.
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It has been noted to reproduce by seed in Portugal, but does not do so in the United States,Busey, P. (2003). Reduction of torpedograss (Panicum repens) canopy and rhizomes by quinclorac split applications. Weed Technology 17(1) 190-94. and it was described as "incapable of fruiting" in Japan.
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When Trimezia was distinguished from Neomarica prior to molecular phylogenetic studies, i.e. entirely on morphological grounds, some vegetative characters were considered diagnostic. Trimezia in this sense always grows from corms, Neomarica almost always from rhizomes. Trimezia has flowering stems (scapes) that are circular in cross-section, whereas Neomarica has flattened scapes.
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This is a perennial grass forming clumps and spreading via rhizomes and stolons. It grows decumbent or erect to a maximum height near 60 centimeters. The inflorescence is usually divided into two branches lined with spikelets. Paspalum distichum is a food source for several avian species, including the long-tailed widowbird.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes. Its culms are long. Leaf-sheaths are tubular and scaberulous while its eciliate membrane is long. The species also have conduplicated or flat leaf-blades which are wide and have scaberulous or smooth bottom which is also either glabrous or puberulous.
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They also eat flowers, rhizomes and roots when available. At night, they sleep on the ledges of cliffs. At sunrise, they leave the cliffs and travel to the tops of the plateaus to feed and socialize. When morning ends, social activities tend to wane and the geladas primarily focus on foraging.
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Chamaenerion species are upright herbaceous perennials with either unbranched stems or, much less often, slightly branched stems. They either have a woody base or grow from rhizomes. The leaves are generally spirally arranged on the stems and are usually narrow, rarely ovate. The inflorescence is a simple or slightly branched raceme.
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The species rhizomes are elongated with elected culmes which are long. The leaf-sheaths are tubular while leaf-blades are convolute or flat, stiff, and are long and wide. It also has scabrous bottom which can also be glabrous or pilose. The panicle is continuous, contracted, linear, and is long.
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Iris virginica is a perennial plant. The plant has 2 to 4 erect or arching, bright green, lance-shaped leaves that are flattened into one plane at the base. Leaves are wide and are sometimes longer than the flower stalk. The fleshy roots ( in diameter) are rhizomes that spread underground.
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The species is perennial and caespitose, which is clumped and have absent rhizomes. Its culms are erect and are long and in diameter. The species leaf-sheaths are scabrous, tubular, keeled and are closed on one end. Its eciliate membrane is long and is pubescent and truncate on the surface.
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The stigmas are short and trifid. The fruit is a white berry in diameter which is greedily eaten by birds. The nectar attracts great numbers of insects to the flowers. Large, peg-like rhizomes, covered with soft, purplish bark, up to long in old plants, grow vertically down beneath the ground.
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It is widely planted in ponds for its foliage and flowers. American Lotus spreads via creeping rhizomes and seeds. This species has been crossed with N. nucifera to create many hybrids. Seeds may be propagated by scarifying the pointed tip of the seed with a file then soaking in water.
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Sridhar KR, Bhat R. Lotus: a potential nutraceutical source. J Agri Technol 2007; 3: 143–155. While leaves are used for hematemesis, epistaxis, and hematuria, the flowers are used for lowering blood sugar levels, diarrhea, cholera, fever, and hyperdipsia. Rhizomes are promoted have purported diuretic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with short rhizomes and erect culms which are long. It ligule have an eciliate membrane which is long and is also lacerate, and obtuse. The leaf- blades are by with the bottom being glabrous. The panicle is open, linear, is long and have scabrous branches.
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Sisyrinchium bellum prefers some moisture and good drainage, but will tolerate summer dryness. It can be propagated by seed, and it self-sows. It can also be propagated by division of its rhizomes, and the flower stems can be rooted. It is moderately hardy and will tolerate temperatures down to .
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Tricyrtis are herbaceous perennials with creeping rhizomes. The stems are typically erect or maybe ascending, and sometimes branched from the middle to the top. The subsessile leaves are arranged alternately along the stems. The inflorescences are most commonly thyrse or thyrsoid, or rarely the flowers are arranged into a raceme.
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It has very short rhizomes, about 1 cm in diameter.British Iris Society (1997) They form dense clumps of plants, along the ground. Beneath the rhizome, are secondary roots that grow deep into the ground. It has basal leaves can grow up to between long and between 0.2 and 1.4 cm wide.
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Aristida rufescens is a grass species native to Madagascar and to Mayotte in the Comoros archipelago. It was described by German agrostologist Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel in 1854. The species is a perennial bunch grass with short rhizomes. Its culms are erect and long, with swollen nodes and hairy leaf sheaths.
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Heliopsis gracilis is a perennial herb up to tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. The plant generally produces 1-5 flower heads per stem. Each head contains 6-19 bright yellow ray florets surrounding 40 or more yellowish-brown disc florets. The fruit is an achene about 5 mm long.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes and long culms. The leaf-sheaths are tubular and are closed on one end with its surface being glabrous. The leaf-blades surface is scaberulous and rough with its size being are long by wide. Eciliated membrane have a ligule which is truncate.
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Common mole-rats are fossorial and can live in a wide range of substrates. They are herbivorous, mainly eating geophytes (plants with underground storage organs) and grass rhizomes. Common mole-rats are very widespread, thus their abundance is not well known. This species shows signs of localization due to soil requirements.
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It is known as the smallest Spuria iris. It is related to Iris sintenisii and Iris graminea but it is very distinct from them. It has a short, thick, woody, branching rhizomes. That measure 0.4–1.0 cm in diameter. They normally grown at 3–5 cm deep in the soil.
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The roots of most broadleaf weeds are fibrous in nature. The roots can be thin, a large taproot, or a combination. Many broadleaf weeds spread through their seeds and rhizomes, although some only spread through seeds. Popular Broadleaf Weeds are Chickweed, Clover, Dandelion, Wild Geranium, Ivy, Milkweed, Plaintain (Broadleaf), and Thistle.
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Erigeron leucoglossus is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in alpine grasslands in Tibet. Erigeron leucoglossus is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 35 cm (14 inches) tall, forming woody underground rhizomes. Its flower heads have white ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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The plant is able to regenerate from seed, lignotuber and rhizomes. Grevillea cravenii is found amongst medium size trees or throughout grassland. It grows in sand or loam on level ground and along ridges. It occupies a small area in the Mitchell IBRA subregion in the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley.
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Salvia spathacea is an evergreen perennial with flowering stems growing from a woody base, tall. When not flowering plants grow less than tall, forming clumps of sprawling foliage. Each plant produces a single flowering stem which rarely branches. It spreads by rhizomes and can form colonies up to in diameter.
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As the alternative common name suggests, it is used by feeding hummingbirds and will attract them to the garden. Deer and gophers generally leave this strongly aromatic plant alone. It easily propagates by seeds or rhizomes. Seeds should be collected as early as possible, or they can be predated by insects.
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The plants usually have underground rhizomes or tubers. The leaves are arranged in two rows with the petioles having a sheathing base. The leaf blade is narrow or broad with pinnate veins running parallel to the midrib. The petiole may be winged, and swollen into a pulvinus at the base.
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Not all horizontal plant stems are stolons. Plants with stolons are described as "stoloniferous". Stolons, especially those above the surface of the soil are often denominated "runners". Rhizomes, in contrast, are root-like stems that may either grow horizontally on the surface of the soil or in other orientations underground.
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Peperomia alata is a perennial herb, erect or reclining, spreading by rhizomes. The epithet "alata," i.e., "winged," refers to wings that run the length of the stems, although this is rather obscure on some specimens. Leaves are 3-veined, elliptic to lanceolate, with blades up to 13 cm (5.2 inches) long.
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The roots have symbiotic mycorrhizae. There are no rhizomes; the plant reproduces from seeds and from budding with tillers. This is a nutritious and preferred forage grass for wild and domestic animals. Typical native grass associates in the far west coastal prairies are Danthonia californica, Deschampsia caespitosa and Nassella pulchra.
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Florida thoroughwort Eupatorium anomalum is a tall perennial sometimes over 150 cm (5 feet) tall, producing tuberous rhizomes. It has opposite, egg -shaped leaves, and flat-topped arrays of a large number of tiny flower heads. Each head has 5 white disc florets but no ray florets.Nash, George Valentine 1896.
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Hypericum majus is a perennial bearing short leafy shoots with solitary or tufted stems. The erect and stout herb grows tall and has a taproot. The roots are fibrous and lack rhizomes or runners but can grow short offshoots in autumn. The four- angled, squarish, green stems can become ancipitous.
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The species is perennial and caespitose, which is clumped as well. It have short rhizomes with slender culms that are long. The species' leaf-sheaths are tubular, scaberulous and smooth with one of their length being closed. It eciliate membrane is long and have a glabrous surface that is also pubescent.
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Buchnera americana is a perennial flowering plant with underground rhizomes and an above-ground stem. The stem of the plant is usually covered with trichomes (small hair-like projections), and can grow tall. The leaves are opposed, meaning that they grow in pairs, sprouting directly across from each other.Brownell, V.R. 1998.
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Creeping lilyturf is mainly used in mass plantings as a groundcover. Its tendency of aggressive spreading makes it generally unsuitable as a border plant. The species has been observed to establish rhizomes beneath concrete borders. Creeping lilyturf is an excellent plant to establish on steep slopes where erosion control is needed.
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The leaves and stems are slightly pubescent. The plants grow in (generally) long-lived clumps, with some clumps having up to 50 or more flowers. It is a perennial, with horizontal, wiry- rooted rhizomes growing a few centimeters below the surface of the soil, and hence resistant to most prairie fires.
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Young leaves and sprouts are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, or with rice and beans. Found in Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Gambia, South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Cameroun and Nigeria, it may be propagated from seed, leaf cuttings, rhizomes or suckers. Ripe fruits are used as a fish poison.
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It is a geophyte, with small, compact rhizomes.British Iris Society (1997) The rhizomes are close to the surface level, so that they receive maximum solar energy. It has up to 8 (in number), greenish grey, linear or lanceolate (shaped) leaves. That can grow up to long, and nearly 1 cm wide.
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The plant is brown colored with horizontal rhizomes and bracts. It carries 1-2 scapes which are from green to maroon-colored and are round at cross section. Leaves are either light or bronze-green in color. Sepals are located above the bracts and are green colored, horizontal, and lanceolate.
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Festuca saximontana is a bluish-grey to green densely tufted grass that lacks rhizomes. The grass has smooth, glabrous, occasionally scabrous culms growing tall. The culms sometimes become puberulent below the inflorescence. The glabrous and smooth or scabrous leaf sheaths are closed for half of their length and occasionally become shredded.
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It has short rhizome with a few branches. Below is thick roots. On top of the rhizomes are the brown, fibrous remains of last seasons leaves, surrounding the new leaves. It has grey-green, sword- shaped and slightly curved leaves. They grow up to between long and 1–2 cm wide.
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It spreads rapidly by underground rhizomes and can become invasive, though relatively easy to remove. One form known is Euphorbia ‘Efanthia’. The subspecies E. amygdaloides subsp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace, known as Mrs Robb's bonnet, is grown as a garden plant, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
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Sidalcea hendersonii is a taprooted perennial herb that grows from thick and stubby rhizomes. It has a basal rosette of toothed basal leaves. Stems are erect and hollow, and typically tinged purple. Flowers are five-petaled and numerous, typically fifty or more per plant, forming in branched racemes atop stems.
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These tropical ferns are the most widespread living lineage of Gleicheniales. Their rhizomes have a "vitalized" protostele or in some taxa a solenostele. The leaves are indeterminate, with pseudodichotomously forked leaves except in Stromatopteris, and free veins. The sori are abaxial but not marginal and carry 5–15 exindusiate round sporangia each.
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Iris farreri is very similar in form to Iris graminea. It has knobbly and woody rhizomes, which have reddish purple, sheaths and fibers (remains from the past seasons leaves). They create dense tufted clumps of plants.Basak Gardner and Chris Gardner It has linear, narrow, sword-shaped, greyish-green leaves, long and wide.
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Species are herbaceous perennials (rarely annual or biennial), sometimes succulent or xerophytic, often with perennating rhizomes. The leaves are usually basally aggregated in alternate rosettes, sometimes on inflorescence stems. They are usually simple, rarely pinnately or palmately compound. Their margins may be entire, deeply lobed, cleft, crenate or dentate and petiolate with stipules.
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These are annual plants, sometimes from rhizomes. The taller species reach about 80 centimeters in maximum height. The flat leaves are linear to narrowly lance-shaped, and are up to 15 centimeters long and one wide. The inflorescence is a spike with 2 to 12 solitary spikelets each up to 1.2 centimeters long.
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Juncus patens is a perennial herb forming narrow, erect bunches of stems. It grows up to in height by in width.Las Pilitas Database: Juncus patens (Common Rush) It spreads by rhizomes, which can increase a colonies width substantially. The stems are thin, gray-green, often somewhat waxy, and grooved, and grow in height.
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22 Page 121 苦竹属 ku zhu shu Pleioblastus Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 145. 1925 The plant spreads by vigorous underground rhizomes which run along just beneath the soil surface, producing plantlets at the nodes. These can be used to propagate new plants, but if not removed they can become invasive.
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There are several methods for controlling kudzu growth that are used in the Southeastern United States. These include mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. Control of the vine is difficult because kudzu propagates through runners, rhizomes, nodes on vines, and seeds. Leftover root fragments from lawnmowers can also take root and become established.
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Medeola virginiana, known as Indian cucumber or Indian cucumber-root, is an eastern North American plant species in the lily family, Liliaceae. It is the only currently recognized plant species in the genus Medeola. It grows in the understory of forests. The plant bears edible rhizomes that have a mild cucumber-like flavor.
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Common wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella) in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia Certain plants are specially adapted for germinating and thriving in the litter layers. For example, bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) shoots puncture the layer to emerge in spring. Some plants with rhizomes, such as common wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella) do well in this habitat.
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Water surface of a pond nearly covered by vegetation Successive decreases in water level and changes in substratum help members of Cyperaceae and Graminae such as Carex spp. and Juncus to establish themselves. They form a mat of vegetation extending towards the centre of the pond. Their rhizomes knit the soil further.
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It has fibrous roots and rhizomes or woody caudices. The rough-haired, glandular leaves are up to long and are divided into several large lance-shaped or oval lobes. The inflorescences are tall, generally far above the highest leaves. Each flower head contains up to 15 yellow ray florets up to long.
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It often outcompetes competitive species in such habitat. It not only seeds a great deal but also spreads rapidly via running rhizomes. Its root system is very tough and plants that have been pulled out of the ground prior to freezing and left exposed atop soil have survived -14 Fahrenheit (-26C) winter temperatures.
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Habitus The culms of Carex pilulifera grow to a length of , and are often noticeably curved. The leaves are long and wide, and are fairly flat. The rhizomes of C. pilulifera are very short, giving the plant a caespitose (densely tufted) appearance. The tussock grows outwards through the production of annual side-shoots.
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It roots at the nodes of the rhizomes. The iris grows to a height of between 30–70 cm tall, (12" to 28"). The flowering stalk (stem) is generally taller than the surrounding leaves, and 3–7 cm in diameter. It has between 1 and 3 branches (normally one) holding one flower.
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The plant is pubescent entirely and lacks rhizomes. It can grow high, sometimes in tufts, sometimes singly. The smooth, yellowish brown culms measure wide at their base, and are minutely to densely pubescent, with hairs measuring up to long. The moderately to densely pilose leaf sheaths are mostly closed, with hairs long.
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It can be distinguished from all other species of bur-reed by the presence of two stigmas. This species frequently occurs in areas with spring flooding, and may be emersed during periods of lower water. The buried rhizomes provide one method to survive periods of drought, fire, or ice scour.Keddy, P.A. 2010.
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The rhizomes can be susceptible to 'iris root rot', also the leaves may also be affected by leaf spot (heterosporium gracile). The leaves can also be eaten by slugs and snails. Dykes recommends a planting time of between August and September. It can be found for sale in some specialised nurseries, in Europe.
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Ginger is consumed in China as food and as medicine. Ginger () is a herb and a spice that is used in Chinese cuisine. There are four main kinds of preparations in Chinese herbology: fresh ginger, dried ginger, roasted ginger, and ginger charcoal, all made of the rhizomes. :TCM Information: :Species: Zingiber officinalis.
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The species is perennial and caespitose, which is clumped and have absent rhizomes. Its culms are long and in diameter. The species leaf- sheaths are tubular and subequal with one of their length being closed and have a glabrous surface. Its eciliate membrane is long while its leaf-blades are long and wide.
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The species is perennial with short rhizomes and erect culms which are long. The leaf-sheaths are tubular and are closed on one end with its surface being glabrous or puberulous. The leaf-blades are glabrous and stiff with scaberulous surface and acuminate apex. They are long by wide and have acuminated apex.
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Iris kerneriana stems contain; nonacosane (18.3%), heptacosane (16.7%), pentacosane (10.3%) and tricosane (6.0%). In 2013, a study into various chemical compounds of Iris species, it was found that the rhizomes of Iris soforana and stems of Iris kerneriana contain b-irone and the stems of Iris kerneriana contain trans-bionone-5,6-epoxide.
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This plant is rooted from a branched rhizomes which gives rise to long petioles which terminate in smooth floating leaves. Since the leaves are subject to tearing by water and waves, they are round with a waxy upper coating that is water-repellent.Sculthorpe, C. D. (1967). The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants.
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Caobangia squamata is a species of fern known only from Vietnam and from Guangxi Province in southern China. It is the only known species in its genus, distinctive because of the long, reddish-brown hair-like scales on the leaves. The plant is an herb spreading by rhizomes. Leaves are simple, elliptical.
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Linaria repens is a short- statured herb (maximum 80 cm), spreading by rhizomes. Upper flower petals are pale with purple veins. Lower petals are pale purple-white, usually with a yellow centre. Its appearance is similar to Linaria purpurea, and the flowers closely resemble Cymbalaria muralis so care must be taken in identification.
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Adiantum hispidulum, commonly known as rough maidenhair fern or five-fingered jack, is a small fern in the family Pteridaceae of widespread distribution. It is found in Africa, Australia, Polynesia, Malesia, New Zealand and other Pacific Islands. Its fronds rise in clumps from rhizomes among rocks or in the soil in sheltered areas.
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The species is perennial and have elongated rhizomes with slender culms that are long. The leaf-sheaths have glabrous surface, are tubular, and are closed on one end. The leaf-blades are long and wide with the same type of surface and are hairy. The membrane is eciliated, long, and have a ligule.
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The leaves are eaten raw or cooked and have an acidic taste due to their oxalic acid content. Leaves and flowers can be used as a decoration for salads. When consuming larger amounts of leaves, the oxalic acid can cause discomfort. The rhizomes are eaten raw or cooked and have a sweet taste.
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The strips from the pith portion are used as binding materials. Forestry Master Plan (1982) of Bangladesh estimates that about 8,000 people are employed in sitalpati making in the country. Swampy and marshy lands are suitable for murta cultivation. Traditionally it is propagated through rhizomes, but can be also propagated through branch cuttings.
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Bulbophyllum wolfei, commonly known as the fleshy snake orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with thin, creeping rhizomes, and flattened pseudobulbs each with a single thick, fleshy, dark green leaf and a single cream-coloured flower with dark red stripes. It mostly grows on rainforest trees in tropical North Queensland.
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Veratrum species contain highly toxic steroidal alkaloids (e.g. veratridine) that activate sodium ion channels and cause rapid cardiac failure and death if ingested. 2-deoxyjervine is also found in the plant and is known to cause cyclopia. All parts of the plant are poisonous, with the root and rhizomes being the most poisonous.
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Viola stipularis at Guadeloupe. Herb 20–30 cm tall, spreading by creeping rhizomes. Petioles up to 8 mm long, surrounded by fringed triangular stipules up to 2 cm long. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic,up to 9.5 cm long and 3.4 cm wide, margin serrate or crenate, sometimes dentate, apex acuminate, base cuneate.
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Members of the Asteraceae generally produce taproots, but sometimes they possess fibrous root systems. Stems are herbaceous aerial branched cylindrical with glandular hairs generally erect but can be prostrate to ascending. Some species have underground stems in the form of caudices or rhizomes. These can be fleshy or woody depending on the species.
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Unbranched leaf stalks of one to several feet in length, with simple, alternate leaves and parallel veins. In May, clusters of small white-green flowers droop from the stalks and later produce small blue berries. If dug up, the scars resembling Solomon's Seal may be visible on the nodes between sections of rhizomes.
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Erigeron seravschanicus is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in subalpine meadows in Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. Erigeron seravschanicus is a perennial, clumping-forming herb up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, forming slender rhizomes. Its flower heads have lilac ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron kiukiangensis is a Chinese species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on mountain slopes in southwestern China (Tibet and Yunnan). Erigeron kiukiangensis is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 55 cm (22 jinches) tall, forming woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have red ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron pseudotenuicaulis is a Chinese species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on hillsides in the province of Sichuan in southwestern China. Erigeron pseudotenuicaulis is a perennial herb up to 25 cm (10 inches) tall, forming a woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have red ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron vicarius is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in alpine meadows in Xinjiang, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. Erigeron vicarius is a perennial herb up to 28 cm (11 inches) tall, producing a short, branching rhizomes. Its flower heads have blue ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Fall foliage is brilliant shades of red, orange and yellow. Fruit can remain on plants from late summer through spring. It is eaten by many birds in winter. Staghorn sumac spreads by seeds and rhizomes and forms clones often with the older shoots in the center and younger shoots around central older ones.
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The cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) is a mosaic virus that affects the production of green cardamom (E. cardamomum). It is a member of the genus Macluravirus (recognized under the family Potyviridae by ICTV in 1988), and is transmitted through aphids (P. caladii) and infected rhizomes, the former in a non- persistent manner.
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Baryandra, B. quinquealata is very distinctive for being a densely hairy herb with long creeping rhizomes. It differs also from B. suborbiculata in that it has thickly chartaceous, widely ovate leaves that have uniformly green upper leaf surface, densely velutinous, with denticulate leaf margin, outer tepals, and red scabrous ovary and capsules.
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Species of Aspidistra are perennial herbaceous plants growing from rhizomes. The leaves are either solitary or are grouped in small "tufts" of two to four. They arise more or less directly from the rhizome, rather than being borne on stems. Each leaf has a long stalk (petiole) and a blade with many veins.
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Therefore, weeding is only essential in the first few months after planting. After soil is covered weeding should be abandoned to avoid damage to flower buds. Weeding should be shallow since the rhizomes and roots are close to the soil surface. Spacing of about 1x1m between plants at planting should be sufficient.
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Arundinaria tecta is a low and slender bamboo that branches in its upper half, growing up to in height. The leaves are long and wide, tapering in width towards their base. The panicles are borne on shoots that grow directly from the rhizomes. Each panicle has a few clustered spikelets on slender branches.
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Common milkweed is a clonal perennial herb growing up to tall. Its ramets grow from rhizomes. All parts of common milkweed plants produce white latex when broken. The simple leaves are opposite or sometimes whorled; broad ovate-lanceolate; up to long and broad, usually with entire, undulate margins and reddish main veins.
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Data on the rates at which CO2 is being released into the atmosphere is not robust currently; however, research is being conducted to gather a better information to analyze trends. Loss of underground biomass (roots and rhizomes) will allow for CO2 to be emitted changing these habitats into sources rather than carbon sinks.
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Cacaliopsis nardosmia. USDA PLANTS. It is native to western North America, where it is distributed from southern British Columbia to northern California.Cacaliopsis nardosmia. The Jepson eFlora 2013. This species is a perennial herb growing from rhizomes with a fibrous root system. It has an erect stem reaching about 90 centimeters in maximum height.
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This perennial grass forms loose tufts of slender, weak, pale green stems up to 55 centimeters tall. It has no stolons and rarely has small rhizomes. The thin leaves are no more than 2 millimeters wide and 10 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an open panicle of just a few small spikelets.
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Asplenium montanum is a small, evergreen fern which grows in tufts. The leaves are bluish-green and highly divided, proceeding from a long and often drooping stalk. A. montanum is monomorphic, with no difference in form between sterile and fertile fronds. The horizontal rhizomes, which are about 1 millimeter across, may curve upward.
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This herbaceous perennial overwinters as a tuber deep in the soil. It sends out long rhizomes from which shoots develop which trail over the ground. These are densely covered with silvery green, deeply lobed leaves. The flower buds have inflated pale green calyces and the sepals are extended backwards into a short spur.
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Individuals of this species can range from 15 cm to 91 cm in height, depending on growth conditions. Its root system consists of taproot and thick rhizomes. The flowers are bisexual and bilaterally symmetrical, and most commonly blue to violet. It has erect, hollow, smooth, square (4-angled) stems that sometimes branch off.
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This perennial grass generally lacks rhizomes. It grows in erect clumps of slender stems that can reach 1.5 meters tall. The long, narrow, gray-green leaves are rolled inward, especially when new. The inflorescence is a narrow, dense, spike-like stick of branches appressed together, the unit reaching up to 30 centimeters long.
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The rhizomatous shrubs form erect clumps, tall and wide. It grows on flat and dry sandy areas, and occasionally on rocky slopes.Ephedra cutleri in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Anchored by the rhizomes and an advantageous root system, Ephedra cutleri leaves grow in an opposite orientation but can not sustain all growth.
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USDA NRCS Plant Guide. This is a rhizomatous perennial grass with stems up to 1.35 m tall. The spikes are up to half a metre long with spikelets up to 2.7 cm in length. This species can be distinguished from its relative, E. repens, by its smaller rhizomes, longer leaves, and shorter awns.
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However, where it is established, Short's goldenrod is more drought-tolerant. A number of sites have existed for at least 50 years. Plants are upright to ascending, growing 60 to 130 cm tall with single stems or as clumps with 10 or more stems. They are produced from short, somewhat woody rhizomes.
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Of the endangered populations, the variety 'samaria' from the northern West Bank is particularly threatened by collection from the wild with the uprooting of its rhizomes for commercial use; at one time it had primarily been a cut flower, sold to customers from the roadside. Large quantities of this plant were collected in the course of the 19th century and then exported to Europe, but the cultivated specimens would die after two seasons of flowering. These short life spans mean that freshly collected rhizomes and plants have regularly been needed to supply the flower industry. The number of individual plants have therefore declined by approximately 10% over the last ten years, and sub-populations are likely to have been lost or become extinct.
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Veronica gentianoides grows from spreading above-ground rhizomes, eventually forming a mat of glossy green leaves, grouped into rosettes. Individual leaves are more or less elliptical in shape and long. It flowers in early summer, producing narrow erect spikes (racemes) up to tall, with blue flowers which are across. The species is very variable.
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The iris is generally listed as of 'Least Concern' on 26 April 2013 in most European countries. But it is listed as rare or endangered in some. In Russia, the digging up of wild iris rhizomes is strictly prohibited. In Sweden, it is rare and is only found on the coastal meadows in southern Sweden.
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Uvularia floridana, the Florida bellwort, is a plant species native to the US states of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina. It grows in rich hardwood forests at elevations less than 100 m. Uvularia floridana is a perennial herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes. It has one pale yellow flower per stem.
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Rough Gahnia grandis stem texture Gahnia grandis is a very hardy, perennial grass species with woody rhizomes, which forms large tussocks. Most of the year it is found in moist soil, often subject to periodic inundation. Once it is established, cutting grass is drought and wind tolerant. The flowering season is from spring through summer.
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Occasionally a white form is found in the wild - see accompanying photograph. The Aboriginal Gugu Yimithirr language name is kumbigi. Aboriginal people in the Cape York Peninsula area traditionally roasted and ate the rhizomes of this plant. IUCN Red List status: not evaluated, Friday, 14 July 2017 but very common and widespread in Queensland.
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This sedge produces dense or loose clumps of triangular stems up to a meter tall from short rhizomes. The inflorescence is several centimeters long and is accompanied by a bract which is longer than the spikes. The fruits are coated in perigynia with pointed, toothed tips. It is highly recommend for sedge meadow restorations.
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This sedge produces clumps of triangular stems up to 100 or 120 centimeters tall from short rhizomes. The inflorescence is up to 35 centimeters long and has a long bract which is longer than the spikes. It is a cluster of several cylindrical spikes. The scales over the fruits taper into long, thin awns.
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Carex vesicaria is a perennial plant with short creeping rhizomes which grow shoots resembling small tufts. It grows to heights of . Its stems are rough near the tip but smoother towards their base. The narrow, ridged and pleated leaves can grow to around in length or more, and have fine toothed edges and sharp points.
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The rhizomatous perennial herb to grass-like sedge typically grows to a height of and produces green flowers. The sedge has short rhizomes and long stolons. The smooth, erect, rigid and terete stems are in height and have a diameter of . The leaves have membranous sheaths and are a purplish colour at the base.
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Carolina horsenettle is considered a noxious weed in several US states. It can spread vegetatively by underground rhizomes as well as by seed. It is resistant to many postemergent herbicides and somewhat resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-D. In fact, herbicide use often selects for horsenettle by removing competing weeds.
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Tsaiorchis is placed in the orchid subfamily Orchidoideae, tribe Orchideae, subtribe Orchidineae. The relationship between Tsaiorchis and the rest of the subtribe is as shown in the cladogram below. Although Tsaiorchis was shown to be sister to an expanded genus Hemipilia, the two have significant differences. Hemipilia grows from tubers, Tsaiorchis has horizontally extending rhizomes.
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The species is perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes and long culms which are also erect. The leaf-sheaths are keelless and have a glabrous surface. It leaf-blades are by and are flat and stiff. The leaf-blade also have a ribbed and pubescent surface with scaberulous margins the apex of which is filiformed.
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Flora of China. It is endemic to China, where it occurs in Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, and Sichuan.Saruma henryi. Flora of China. This species is a perennial herb growing from a system of rhizomes. The erect stem is up to a meter tall. The heart-shaped leaves are up to 15 by 13 centimeters.
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The monophyletic genus Lecanopteris has been divided into two sub-genera, Lecanopteris and Myrmecopteris. All the species have rhizomes associated with ants. Subgenus Lecanopteris was monophyletic, and Myrmecopteris was paraphyletic. A 2019 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that the genus was related to three other clades, treated as genera, related as shown in the following cladogram.
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The seeds are also eaten by squirrels and other mammals. The plant can also reproduce vegetatively via rhizomes, and often form colonies. It is a larval host to the black dash, the dun skipper, and the eyed brown.The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
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Bulbophyllum bowkettiae, commonly known as the striped snake orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with thin, creeping rhizomes and flattened pseudobulbs each with a single tough, dark green leaf and a single cream-coloured flower with red stripes. It grows on trees and rocks in rainforest in tropical North Queensland, Australia.
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Iris mesopotamica has been used in the past in folk medicine, for various uses including; treating animals bites and poisons, treating Haemorrhoids and sexual diseases, treating Internal diseases, treating inflammations and skin diseases. The rhizomes also contain a plenty of starch, including isoflavone and essential oils which are used in perfumery, similar to Iris florentina.
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This plant is rooted at unbranched rhizomes which give rise to long smooth petioles which terminate in smooth ovate floating leaves. Leaves can be up to 15–19 cm, and have 7-13 radiating veins. The floating flowers are generally typical of waterlilies. They are radially symmetric with prominent yellow stamens and many white petals.
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Leucanthemum species are perennial plants growing from red-tipped rhizomes. The plant produces one erect stem usually reaching 40 to 130 centimeters tall, but known to exceed 2 meters at times. It is branching or unbranched and hairy to hairless. Some species have mainly basal leaves, and some have leaves along the stem, as well.
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There is some suggestion of the presence of stretches of savanna, but others doubt this, since ferns do not make up modern savannas. The region’s hot, semi-arid climate dependent on intermittent rainfall may have placed pressure on the herbivorous dicynodonts of the time, turning them towards digging for rhizomes below the ground surface.
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Older trees sometimes grow epicormic shoots directly from their trunks after storm or fire damage. Aerial rhizomes can also be produced from the trunk if it sustains damage or has become hollow, and grow down into the soil to regenerate the plant. Such regeneration can lead to trees of great age with multiple trunks.
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Lotus rhizomes have a crunchy texture with sweet-tangy flavours and are a classic dish at many banquets, where they are deep-fried, stir-fried, or stuffed with meats or preserved fruits. Salads with prawns, sesame oil or coriander leaves are also popular. Unfortunately, fresh lotus root slices are limited by a fast browning rate.
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All parts of Nelumbo nucifera are edible, with the rhizome and seeds being the main consumption parts. Traditionally rhizomes, leaves, and seeds have been used as folk medicines, Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicine, and oriental medicine.Khare CP. Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic, and Other Traditional Usage, Botany, 1st edn. USA: Springer, 2004: 326–327.
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The large air-filled cavities provide a low-resistance internal pathway for the exchange of gases between the plant organs above the water and the submerged tissues. This allows plants to grow without incurring the metabolic costs of anaerobic respiration.Laing, H. E. 1940. Respiration of the rhizomes of Nuphar advenum and other water plants.
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Homozeugos conciliatum is a species of grass endemic to Angola. It is known only from a single location in Huambo Province the central highlands at an elevation of about 1700 m. Homozeugos conciliatumis a perennial herb forming clumps, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stems can attain a height of up to 100 cm.
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The fruit is a bristly capsule, long, containing many tiny seeds. While beautiful, this plant often grows aggressively once planted. It spread clonally by underground rhizomes and can pop up several feet away from the original plant. This plant bears the largest flowers of any species native to California, rivaled only by Hibiscus lasiocarpos.
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It is chosen primarily for its clumps of large 5- or 7-toothed palmate leaves, which open bronze, turning green in summer and bronze-red in autumn. It can spread by underground rhizomes, eventually covering a large area. The compact cultivar ‘Rotlaub’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Rodgersia podophylla 1.
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The commercial preparation of ipecac consists of 1/14 of an alcoholic extract of the roots and rhizomes of Carapichea ipecacuanha. The rest is composed of glycerin, sugar syrup, and methylparaben. Ipecac root itself is a poison, but in this diluted form, its ability to induce immediate vomiting means that the syrup is seldom fatal.
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The species is perennial and with short rhizomes and long erect culms. The leaf-sheaths are tubular, have one closed end, and are glabrous on surface. The leaf-blades are long by wide with its surface being rough and scaberulous. The membrane is eciliated and is long with the panicle being open, linear and long.
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South African Gardening 18: 32. The stems are four-angled in cross-section, often with lines of teeth along the angles. In some species, the stems are prostrate or even push underground as rhizomes; in others the stems are more erect. The flowers are highly tubular, with hairs inside the tube of the flower.
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Carex brevior forms dense tufts with short-prolonged rhizomes, the clumps sometimes appearing elongated. The flowering culms are tall with 3 to 5 leaves per culm. Few vegetative culms are produced and unlike some other sedges, they are not strikingly 3-ranked. The leaf sheaths are white and papery and the ligule is long.
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The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Anchomanes is quite similar to species in the genera Dracontium and Amorphophallus, but there are a few apparent differences discovered by Will Jenkinson in 1888. One such difference is that the plants are perennial. Also, the stalks are spiny and the tuberous rhizomes have eyes.
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Oxalis montana is a perennial herb which grows in patches connected by subterranean rhizomes. There are no stems, just clumps of leaves growing to about in maximum height. The leaves are each made up of three heart-shaped leaflets. The leaflets move, folding and unfolding, in response to sunlight.Comerro, H. K. and G. Briggs. (2000).
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Nymphaea candida is an aquatic herbaceous perennial that is laticiferous and rooted. It has a spread of approximately 60 cm and a plant depth from 10–30 cm. It has rhizomes that are stoloniferous and unbranched. There are about 10-20 leaves that are 9–19 cm across that are usually floating or submerged.
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Microsorum is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The species are tropical. Like most ferns, they grow from rhizomes, rather than roots. The genus name is often misspelled "Microsorium" or "Microsoreum". It includes some species that are lithophytic rheophytes.
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It bears rounded dark green leaves several centimeters long which are divided into sharp lobes. The inflorescence is a spikelike cluster of a few pale pink, lavender, or nearly white flowers with somewhat lance-shaped, hairy petals several millimeters long. It rarely produces fertile seed and it is believed to propagate itself mainly via rhizomes.
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Erigeron tianschanicus is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on open slopes in Xinjiang and Kazakhstan. Erigeron tianschanicus is a perennial, clumping-forming herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall, producing woody rhizomes and a branching caudex. Its flower heads have blue ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron leioreades is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in spruce forests and alpine meadows in Siberia, Xinjiang, and Kazakhstan. Erigeron leioreades is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 37 cm (15 inches) tall, forming underground rhizomes. Its flower heads have lilacray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron oreades is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on slopes and meadows in Xinjiang, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Siberia. Erigeron oreades is a perennial herb up to 25 cm (10 inches) tall, forming a slim underground rhizomes. Its flower heads have pale purple ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron porphyrolepis is a Chinese species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on slopes and meadows in Sichuan and Tibet. Erigeron porphyrolepis is a perennial, clumping-forming herb up to 27 cm (11 inches) tall, forming a thick woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have purple ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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They are often pickled in vinegar or sherry as a snack or cooked as an ingredient in many dishes. They can be steeped in boiling water to make ginger herb tea, to which honey may be added. Ginger can be made into candy or ginger wine. Mature ginger rhizomes are fibrous and nearly dry.
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It has long and horizontal rhizomes and numerous secondary roots (underneath the rhizome), they are similar in form to other bearded irises. It has 2–3 basal, narrow, ensiform (sword shaped), glaucous and evergreen leaves.British Iris Society (1997) They can grow up to long, and between wide. They are narrower than Iris mesopotamica leaves.
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It has proven popular as a cultivated ornamental and can be found in gardens the world over. It is a horticultural plant, perennial, rocky, forming dense silver carpets. This plant is not very demanding: it likes a poor soil, rich in gravel, well drained, in a sunny place. It spreads easily by its rhizomes.
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The common crane is omnivorous, as are all cranes. It largely eats plant matter, including roots, rhizomes, tubers, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds. They also commonly eat, when available, pond-weeds, heath berries, peas, potatoes, olives, acorns, cedarnuts and pods of peanuts. Notably amongst the berries consumed, the cranberry, is possibly named after the species.
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Meconopsis gakyidiana is a loose tuft forming plant with short rhizomes and tall stems. Leaves are more or less alternate on the main stem and they are yellowish-green in color. Flowers are bowl shaped and they usually change color from purple to blue, often pale blue-tinged with purple. Sometimes dark red but rare.
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In its raw form chewing or extraction through a juicer extracts its juice. ; Sugar maple : Xylem sap from the tree trunks is made into maple sugar and maple syrup. ; Taro : The edible portion is the underground stem (corm). ; Wasabi : In addition to its edible stem, the leaves and rhizomes of the plant are edible.
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Aenhenrya is a genus of terrestrial orchids spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Only one species is known, Aenhenrya rotundifolia, a very rare plant endemic to southern India (Kerala and Tamil Nadu).Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesKumas, C.S., & F.N. Rasmussen. 1997. Reappearance of Odontochilus rotundifolius Blatter and its transfer to Aenhenrya Gopalan (Orchidaceae).
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Hard water ferns are propagated for use in large ferneries, beside shaded water areas, and sheltered gullies. P. wattsii is intolerant of drying out so it should be used in areas where water availability is adequate. Aboriginal Australians also use the fern rhizomes for food, eating them raw or roasted as a source of starch.
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In some parts of Africa the rhizomes and tubers are eaten for the starch they contain either boiled, roasted or ground to a flour after drying. The young fruits are sometimes consumed as a salad. The seeds are turned into a meal. The tubers or the seeds are used as a famine food in India.
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Rhizomes frequently have an additional storage function and rhizome producing plants are considered geophytes (Tillich, Figure 11). Other geophytes develop bulbs, a short axial body bearing leaves whose bases store food. Additional outer non-storage leaves may form a protective function (Tillich, Figure 12). Other storage organs may be tubers or corms, swollen axes.
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They can be divided after flowering (in early summer) if the clumps become too big and congested. Also propagation is best carried out by division of the rhizomes. They then should be replanted 25 cm (10ins) apart and 10 cm (4inches) deep, into weed free conditions. New plants can be planted in spring or autumn.
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They can be mulched with peat or garden compost in spring. They can also be fed in spring with a general fertiliser but it is not essential. They can be divided after flowering (in early summer) if the clumps become too big and congested. Also propagation is best carried out by division of the rhizomes.
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C. minutum growing in Japan Crepidomanes minutum is a small fern which grows epipetricly or epiphytically. It tends to grow in moist, low elevation forests where moisture is abundant and can tolerate deep shade. It has long-creeping rhizomes from which its leaves arise. The rhizome does not have roots but instead has rhizoids.
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Arrowroot is a starch obtained from the rhizomes (rootstock) of several tropical plants, traditionally Maranta arundinacea, but also Florida arrowroot from Zamia integrifolia, and tapioca from cassava (Manihot esculenta), which is often labelled as arrowroot. Polynesian arrowroot or pia (Tacca leontopetaloides), and Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria lobata), also called kudzu, are used in similar ways.
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Many species, especially the perennials form rhizomes that develop new roots each year. Ficaria verna can reproduce vegetatively by means of root tubers produced in the leaf axils. Some members of the genus Thalictrum utilize anemophily while others utilize entomophily. Flowers of the entomophilous genus Papaver, also of the Ranunculales order, produce only pollen.
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Achimenes longiflora has many common names including Cupid's bow, nut-orchid, and magic flower. It can grow up to long, arising from small rhizomes. The hairy leaves have saw toothed edges and can be up to long and wide. The flowers are produced from June to October and are usually blue with a white throat.
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Bromus ciliatus is a perennial grass that grows in tufts up to tall, and occasionally taller in the Great Plains. The grass lacks rhizomes but has a well developed root system. The sheaths are glabrous or bear minute hairs and have a narrow "V" shaped orifice. The sheaths are typically shorter than the internodes.
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The prothallus can also reproduce itself vegetatively by regeneration. Once established, P. venosum spreads to surrounding substrate through its extensively creeping rhizomes. Spores of P. venosum take two days to germinate after sowing and are on average only viable for 48 days. After two weeks, only 1/10 billion of the original spores survive.
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Bromus nottowayanus is a perennial grass, lacking rhizomes, with solitary or tufted culms growing up to in height. The six to eight cauline leaves have reversed sheaths that are covered with soft hairs. The sheaths nearly cover the nodes and the ligule is hidden. The nodes are either pubescent or glabrous and internodes are glabrous.
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Lyperobius is a weevil genus in the subfamily Molytinae. Most Lyperobius species live in sub-alpine and alpine grassland, feeding on members of the family Apiaceae. Adults are active by day and feed on flowers, seeds, leaves and stems of the host plant. Larvae are found in the thick roots, rhizomes and soil surrounding the root system.
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It is possible that this is the origin of all bulbous irises. It is one of the few known plants with seasonal bulbs and seasonal rhizomes. It needs to be kept dry during winter (in the USA or UK), needing the protection of bulb frames, it only needs water during the growing season. It will not tolerate being waterlogged.
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The leaves of Curio archeri are typically blue-green and laterally flattened. A small, low-growing succulent, with rhizomes and a few short, erect stems, with the leaves concentrated at the tip of top of each stem. The leaves are blue-green, pruinose, and typically flattened laterally. Each side of the leaf blade has several translucent lines.
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They prefer hot and dry summers, only requiring plenty of water during the spring. Like most species in the Spuria series, they do not like root disturbance. It is best planted from dormant rhizomes in autumn, and deeper in the soil than Iris germanica. It can be used in borders or in beds for cut flower (for the house).
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The groups do not interact to any great extent. Desert warthogs are diurnal and are largely herbivorous. One of the older females leads the group and they forage for grasses, leafy plants, flowers and fruit. They dig up rhizomes, edible tubers and bulbs with their snouts and tusks and will eat insects when food is scarce, and even carrion.
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Carex praegracilis grows in wet and seasonally wet environments in a number of habitats, including meadows and wetlands. It tolerates disturbed habitat such as roadsides and thrives in alkaline substrates. Carex praegracilis produces sharply triangular stems up tall from a network of thin, coarse rhizomes. The inflorescence is a dense, somewhat cylindrical array of flower spikes up to long.
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Carex douglasii is a sedge producing triangular stems up to about 40 centimeters high from thin rhizomes. The leaves are thick but narrow and sometimes rolled. The plant is dioecious, with male and female flowers occurring on different individuals. The pistillate inflorescence is distinctive, with female flowers bearing long, protruding, persistent stigmas that tangle together into a wide mass.
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It is a vigorous, spreading perennial plant growing from woody rhizomes to a maximum height of . Its leaves are located along the stem, the basal leaves dying off as the plant bolts. They are sometimes slightly toothed or lobed near the tips. The inflorescences hold one or more flower heads which are each about 1 cm (0.4 inches) wide.
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Carex buxbaumii is a species of sedge known as Buxbaum's sedge or club sedge. It is native to much of the northern Northern Hemisphere, from Alaska to Greenland to Eurasia, and including most of Canada and the United States. It grows in wet habitat, such as marshes and fens. This sedge grows in clumps from long rhizomes.
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Geladas are the only primates that are primarily graminivores and grazers - grass blades make up to 90% of their diet. They eat both the blades and the seeds of grasses. When both blades and seeds are available, geladas prefer the seeds. They eat flowers, rhizomes and roots when available, using their hands to dig for the latter two.
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Artemisia douglasiana is dicot, and a perennial forb. Its stems grow from a substantial colony of rhizomes which require a minimum soil depth of 16 cm and can grow in fine to coarse soils. The stems grow erect and range in height from . Its grey-green leaves are evenly spaced, elliptical, and lobed at the tips.
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U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 11-20-2011. This plant is a perennial herb which grows from rhizomes located in the humus. It produces stems up to tall and inflorescences with two or three greenish or purplish flowers, one of which is generally perfect while the others are male.
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Bromus pacificus lacks rhizomes and grows tall. The smooth culms are wide at their base and have five to nine nodes. The brownish culms are relatively pubescent, with hairs up to long, though culms are occasionally glabrous with hairs only adjacent to nodes. The leaf sheaths remain closed for most of their length, being open for only .
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Lygodium articulatum roots extend laterally from the stem (rhizome) of plant. Rhizomes on mangemange are hairy and long-creeping, forming widely spaced fronds. Fronds grow alternately from the stem and form dichotomous costae that twist and climb until they find nearby branches or trees. Once the plant has the support of neighboring branch, stipes and pinnae form.
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It is a small (5–15 cm) geofrutex, usually with a long rhizome. Because of these rhizomes, the species often reproduces clonally with as a consequence that many seemingly individual plants occur together. In winter no above ground parts are present, but in spring the densely pubescent leaves appear. Inflorescences are found at ground-level and are densely setose.
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True to their name, Veratrum alkaloids come from plants of the genus Veratrum. Alkaloids are found in the roots and rhizomes of these plants. They include veratridine, cyclopamine, and jervine. Because of their actions on the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and respiratory systems, Veratrum alkaloids have been used for the treatment of various conditions like myasthenia gravis, hypotension, and eclampsia.
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Carex sylvatica "resembles a small C. pendula", growing to around tall, or up to in exceptional cases. Its rhizomes are very short, giving the plant a densely cespitose (tufted) form. The leaves are long, wide and thick, with 17–31 parallel veins. The leaves have a slight keel, or are folded gently into an M-shape in cross-section.
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Iris odaesanensis can be naturally propagated by hummingbirds. It can also be propagated by division or by seed growing. Dividing the clump is the easiest, (separating the small sections of rhizomes), as the plant can create dense clumps within 5 years of planting. To grow by seed, the seed pod has to be harvested when ripe.
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Alpinia officinarum, known as lesser galangal, is a plant in the ginger family, cultivated in Southeast Asia. It originated in China, where its name ultimately derives. It can grow 1.5 to 2 m high, with long leaves and reddish- white flowers. The rhizomes, known as galangal, are valued for their sweet spicy flavor and aromatic scent.
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The species is perennial and tufted with short rhizomes and erect culms that are long. Each leaf has a truncate ligule which is long, and obtuse. The leaf-blades are by , hairless and have both a scabrous surface and an attenuate apex. The panicle has a scaberulous peduncle and is lanceolate, open, continuous, and is long by wide.
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P. esculentum grows from creeping rhizomes, which are covered with reddish hair. From them arise single large roughly triangular fronds, which grow to tall. The fronds are stiff with a brown stripe. It is found in all states of Australia apart from the Northern Territory, as well as New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Malaysia, Polynesia, and New Caledonia.
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Lecanopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). They have swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants. All are epiphytic plants that naturally occur from Southeast Asia to New Guinea. Several species are in commerce, being grown as houseplants and greenhouse curiosities.
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Sarcostoma is a genus of epiphytic orchids with 5 species endemic to Malaysia. The rhizomes are short and branched, with short stems bearing 1-3 apical leaves and a single resupinate flower. The sepals are lateral, and the lip trilobed. Sarcostoma is similar to Dendrobium and especially Ceratostylis in having the foot of the column forming a projecting mentum.
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The rhizomes are short to long, creeping but rarely ascending, covered with non-clathrate scales (rarely hairs). The petioles are single, rarely double (sometimes several fusing into two in the upper part of the stipe). They contain vascular bundles and the sori are marginal to sub-marginal, generally protected by laminar true indusia (rarely marginal pseudo-indusia or both).
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The creeping habit of the ground covering rhizomes, makes small tufts of plants. It has ensiform (sword- shaped),British Iris Society (1997) sub-lanceolate, or falcate (sickle- shaped), blue-grey, or grey-green leaves. They can grow up to between long, and between 1 and 1.8 cm wide. They are generally longer than the flowering stem.
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Micranthes rufidula is a species of flowering plant known by the common name rustyhair saxifrage. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Oregon, and one location in northern California. It grows in moist, open and rocky habitat in mountainous areas. It is a perennial herb growing from a small caudex and system of rhizomes.
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It is a woodland herbaceous perennial plant growing to tall, with alternate, oblong-lanceolate leaves long and broad. The flowers are produced on a panicle, each flower with six white tepals long blooming in late spring. The plants produce green fruits that are round and turn red in late summer. It spreads by cylindrical rhizomes up to long.
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This plant is poisonous, toxic enough to cause human and animal fatalities if ingested. It has been used to commit murder, to achieve suicide, and to kill animals. Every part of the plant is poisonous, especially the tuberous rhizomes. As with other members of the Colchicaceae, this plant contains high levels of colchicine, a toxic alkaloid.
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509 pages. Nauka, Leningradskoe Otd-nie, Leningrad. Wilhelmsia physodes is distinctive in the family because of its large, inflated ovary that develops into a round, purple capsule up to 10 mm in diameter, partially septate (divided inside) into 3 compartments, each with 2 teeth on the outside. The plant is a perennial herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes.
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Arnica sachalinensis is an Asian species of arnica in the sunflower family. It is native to Sakhalin Island on the Pacific Coast of Russia.Gray, Asa, 1883. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 19:55The International Plant Names Index Arnica sachalinensis is an herb up to 90 cm tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes.
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This herbaceous perennial grows from compact, dark brown and slender rhizomes. The leaves are linear, finely ribbed, and light green, 25–50 cm long, and may be reddish colored at the base. The flowering stems are simple, solid, and slender, 3–20 cm. The flowers are cream to pale yellow, with dark golden to reddish-brown or lavender veins.
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Although fruits of the wild bananas (Musa spp.) have large, hard seeds, most edible bananas are seedless. Banana plants are therefore propagated asexually from offshoots. Because these rhizomes are usually free of symptoms even when the plant is infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, they are a common means by which this pathogen is disseminated.
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Bluebunch wheatgrass can often be distinguished from other bunchgrasses by the awns on its seedheads which stand out at an angle nearly 90 degrees from the stem. It is often bluish. The roots of the grass have a waxy layer that helps it resist desiccation in dry soils. In areas with more moisture the grass may produce rhizomes.
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The plant is very sensitive to moisture and it needs to be heated in the sun. The rhizomes are very prone to viral diseases, if they are exposed to moisture or dampness. It can be seen in the 'Davies Alpine House' within Kew Gardens. It is rare in cultivation (within the US), but established in cultivation (within Europe).
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The rhizomes tolerate submersion in sea water and can break off and float in the currents to establish the grass at new sites. The leaves are up to long and sharply pointed. The cylindrical inflorescence is up to long. It is adapted to habitat made up of shifting, accreting sand layers, as well as that composed of stabilised dunes.
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Though the adult plant is strong, the seeds have low viability, and the seedlings also have low survival rates as well because of desiccation, burial, and erosion.content The main organ for its reproduction is rhizomes, which are dispersed along the shore by wind and water.Wallén, B. (1980). Changes in structure and function of Ammophila during primary succession.
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Geosiris aphylla is sometimes called the "earth-iris." It is a small myco-heterotroph lacking chlorophyll and obtaining its nutrients from fungi in the soil. The genus name is derived from the Greek words geos, meaning "earth", and iris, referring to the Iris family of plants. Its rhizomes are slender and scaly, and stems are simple or branched.
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The species is perennial with elongated rhizomes and erect culms which are long. The leaf- sheaths are tubular and are closed on one end with the surface being glabrous. The leaf-blades are flat, stiff, and are long by wide. They are also scabrous, with the same goes for margins and surface while the apex is attenuate.
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The opposite, stalked leaves with three main nerves. It is an evergreen perennial growing up to tall by broad, with dark green oval leaves, each leaf having four raised silvery patches (hence the name "aluminium plant"). There are rhizomes formed. The independently upright stems are somewhat succulent and sometimes wood at the base; they are bald.
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Bulbophyllum clandestinum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. This orchid grows long hanging rhizomes from which it produces tiny pseudobulbs that each bear one leaf. Flowers are born on each node, they are 3–5 cm in length and are a creamy colour. It is native to Borneo, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Cordyline australis is one of the few New Zealand forest trees that can recover from fire. It can renew its trunk from buds on the protected rhizomes under the ground. This gives the tree an advantage because it can regenerate itself quickly and the fire has eliminated competing plants. Cabbage tree leaves contain oils which make them burn readily.
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It shows a potent immunomodulatory effect. Bergenin can be isolated from Bergenia species like Bergenia ciliata and Bergenia ligulata, from rhizomes of Bergenia stracheyi. It is also found in the stem bark of Dryobalanops aromatica, in Ardisia elliptica and in Mallotus japonicus.Hepatoprotective effects of bergenin, a major constituent of Mallotus japonicus, on carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.
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Bambusa basihirsutoides has 6 anthers growing to 7 mm in length and 2 to 3 stigmas. It is perennial and caespitose with rhizomes. Its culms are erect, allowing it to grow up to a height of 700–1200 cm long; This is enabled by a woody stem without nodal roots that grow to 60–90 millimeters in diameter.
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It is often confused with Iris halophila, which has bigger leaves. It is also similar in form to Iris sintenisii, except for the colour of the flowers, for the shape of the falls and for the fact that the spathe valves are not sharply keeled. It has long, thin rhizomes. That can form creeping clumps of plants.
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Underside of S. praealtum leaf, showing reticulate venation Symphyotrichum praealtum is a perennial, herbaceous plant with long rhizomes. The thick, firm leaves have conspicuous reticulate venation below. Flowering occurs from August to November, by which time the lower leaves are often withered. The dense arrays of flower heads are present on the upper, branched portion of the stem.
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It was later published in Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg Vol.10 page721 in 1880 (Diagn. pl. nov. asiat.). In his book (Iris,1913) William Rickatson Dykes was once thought Iris ludwigii to a form of Iris humilis with stoloniferous rhizomes, the Academy of Imperial Science, Saint-Pétersburg did not agree with this.
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Also known as stolons, runners are modified stems that, unlike rhizomes, grow from existing stems just below the soil surface. As they are propagated, the buds on the modified stems produce roots and stems. Those buds are more separated than the ones found on the rhizome. Examples of plants that use runners are strawberries and currants.
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The Atakapan ate the rhizomes and seeds of the American lotus The Atakapan ate shellfish and fish. The women gathered bird eggs, the American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) for its roots and seeds, as well as other wild plants. The men hunted deer, bear, and bison, which provided meat, fat, and hides. The women cultivated varieties of maize.
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It is similar in form to Iris germanica, but it has darker colour flowers and fragranced flowers. It has thick, fleshy or fibrous rhizomes, that are well branched. It has herbaceous, glaucous,William Robinson sword-like, or curving, green leaves. They can grow (in spring,) up to between long, and between 1.3 and 2.5 cm wide.
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These rushes are usually perennial plants with rhizomes and sometimes stolons. They generally form clumps of cylindrical stems and narrow leaves with hair-lined edges. The inflorescence is often a dense cluster of flowers with two leaf-like bracts at the base, or sometimes a solitary flower or a few flowers borne together. They have six brownish tepals.Luzula.
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Psathyrostachys juncea is a perennial bunch grass that grows in tufts that may be up to tall or taller. The grass is long-lived and known to persist in cultivation for 25 years or more. The grass has a dense root network beneath each clump; there are no rhizomes or stolons. The roots can reach deep into the soil.
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Usually gamagrass grows to a height of , but it can be as high as . Tripsacum dactyloides is one of the species in the family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae, and subtribe Tripsacinae. As the plant is a distant relative of corn, it shares common subtribes with the Zea mays corn species. Roots: Eastern gamagrass has several short, fibrous, thick rhizomes.
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Leaf on a flowering stem of Corsia sp. The foliage along the stem is evenly distributed, and consists of three to seven broadly ovate pointed leaves. Those on the rhizomes are less developed than the reddish leaves on the flowering stems. Along the stem the leaves grow alternately, at their bases they sheath the stem almost entirely.
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Leptinella squalida is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family, native to New Zealand. Known as "brass buttons" for its yellow button-like flowers, it grows to about tall, spreading indefinitely via rhizomes. A cultivar with almost black foliage, L. squalida 'Platt's Black', is grown as an ornamental plant, particularly in rock gardens and in flowering lawns.
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Erigeron purpurascens is a Chinese species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on mountainsides in the province of Sichuan in southwestern China. Erigeron purpurascens is a tiny, clump-forming perennial herb rarely more than 7 cm (2.8 inches) tall, forming a woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have purple ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron schmalhausenii is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on mountains and glacial moraines in Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Siberia. Erigeron schmalhausenii is a perennial, clumping- forming herb up to 45 cm (18 inches) tall, forming a thick woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have pink or lilac ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron morrisonensis is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in grasslands, rocky slopes, and coniferous forest in Taiwan. Erigeron morrisonensis is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 20 cm (8 inches) tall, forming a shortunderground rhizomes. Its flower heads have lilac or pale purple ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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The rhizomes are radially symmetric (without distinct upper and lower surfaces) and bear whorls of stipes, which lack a joint at the point of attachment. The rhizome scales are red-brown, of uniform color, and usually glossy. They have unbranched, red-brown hairs on their edges. Hairs, where present, are unbranched and branched, and brown in color.
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Puccinia menthae is an autoecious macrocyclic rust. This species of rust has all 4 of the rust spores; teliospores, basidiospores, aeciospores, and urediospores. Teliospores: Teliospores are produced from May to December on leaves, stems, or rhizomes of mint host. They are ellipsoidal, with slightly projecting caps, slightly constricted at septum and are 22-30 x 17-24 µm.
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Eelgrass has been used for food by the Seri tribe of Native Americans on the coast of Sonora, Mexico. The rhizomes and leaf-bases of eelgrass were eaten fresh or dried into cakes for winter food. It was also used for smoking deer meat. The Seri language has many words related to eelgrass and eelgrass- harvesting.
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The rhizomes are dorsiventral (having upper and lower surfaces clearly distinct in appearance), and bear two rows of stipes, which sometimes have distinct joints where they attach. Distinct phyllopodia are present in some below the joint. The rhizome scales are brown, glabrous, and dull to glossy. Hairs, where present, are unbranched and branched, from whitish to brown in color.
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Rhubarb is a vegetable derived from cultivated plants in the genus Rheum in the family Polygonaceae. The whole plant – a herbaceous perennial growing from short, thick rhizomes – is also called rhubarb. Historically, different plants have been called "rhubarb" in English. The fleshy, edible stalks (petioles) of other species and hybrids (culinary rhubarb) were cooked and used for food.
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The roots and stems contain anthraquinones, such as emodin and rhein. The anthraquinones have been separated from powdered rhubarb root for purposes in traditional medicine, although long-term consumption of the plant has been associated with acute kidney failure. The rhizomes contain stilbenoid compounds (including rhaponticin), and the flavanol glucosides (+)-catechin-5-O-glucoside and (−)-catechin-7-O-glucoside.
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The Indian Valerian has long been used in Ayurveda (Charak Samhita and Susruta) and Unani systems of medicine, which describe its use in obesity, skin disease, insanity, epilepsy and snake poisoning. The crude drugs from roots/ rhizomes and Valerian derived phytomedicines are used as mild sedatives in pharmaceutical industry. The activity is largely attributed to the presence of valepotriates.
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In Thai cooking, fingerroot it is called krachai (; ) and is an ingredient of dishes such as kaeng tai pla. It is used in some kroeung pastes of Cambodian cuisine and is known as k'cheay (). In the west it is usually found pickled or frozen. The rhizomes are commonly used as vegetables in main dishes or eaten raw when young.
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Coreopsis verticillata is an herbaceous perennial that grows tall and about wide, although as it spreads laterally by rhizomes, this width can be exceeded. The stems are wiry. The flower heads are up to across, and both the disc florets and ray florets are bright yellow. The flowers are produced abundantly in clusters from midsummer to fall.
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This bamboo, which is a species of cane, is a perennial grass with a rounded, hollow stem which can exceed in diameter and grow to a height of . It grows from a large network of thick rhizomes. The lance-shaped leaves are up to long and wide. The inflorescence is a raceme or panicle of spikelets measuring in length.
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Millstone factory site in Britain Neolithic and Upper Paleolithic people used millstones to grind grains, nuts, rhizomes and other vegetable food products for consumption. These implements are often called grinding stones. They used either saddle stones or rotary querns turned by hand. Such devices were also used to grind pigments and metal ores prior to smelting.
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Mickelopteris cordata grows from short erect rhizomes covered with brownish narrow scales. The fronds are of two types. Fertile (spore-bearing) fronds have stipes (stalks) that are usually much longer than those of sterile fronds. The blade (lamina) of the frond is usually long by about wide, with a heart-shaped base and a somewhat rounded apex.
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The foliage is a medium green and is perennial with lengthy rhizomes. The culms are erect and are long while the leaf-blades are long and (in some cases even ) wide. Its ligule is long and is acute and lacerate. The species also have an erect panicle which is long and is also oblong and almost lanceolate.
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These are perennial grasses, sometimes with rhizomes. The grasses may overwinter as rosettes of short, wide leaves and then produce longer, wider leaves on the stem during spring. They produce hollow stems a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are upright to erect when new, then sometimes sprawling, spreading, and bending as the season progresses.
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The alternately arranged leaves persist for only a short time and then fall away. Large colonies of these bare stems proliferate from a robust rhizomes. The stems usually reach a maximum height around 1.5 meters, but can well exceed 2 meters at times. They bear loose arrays of many flower heads each roughly half a centimeter long and wide.
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Solidago latissimifolia, common name Elliott's goldenrod, is North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the Atlantic Coast of the United States and Canada, from Nova Scotia south to Alabama and Florida. Solidago latissimifolia is a perennial herb up to tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves are elliptical, up to long.
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Ageratum littorale grows in beach sand and nearby thickets along the coast as well as hummocks and roadsides at elevations of less than . It is a trailing to decumbent perennial herb up to tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stems are glabrous except at the nodes. Leaf blades are ovate to oblong, up to long.
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The florets are white or pink, curved, about long, with a narrow tube and upper lip and a slightly wider lower lip speckled with purple. The flowers usually bloom in late spring and early summer. The seed is a nutlet that can be dispersed by the wind, and the plant can also spread by vegetative growth from rhizomes.
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Goodyera yunnanensis is a species of orchid endemic to southern China. It has been reported only from the provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan, growing in forest scrub at elevations of . Goodyera yunnanensis is a terrestrial herb growing up to tall, spreading by underground rhizomes. Leaves are green with no white markings, elliptic, and up to long.
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Echinodorus isthmicus Several species, notably in the genus Sagittaria, have edible rhizomes, grown for both human food and animal fodder in southern and eastern Asia. They were eaten as food by the indigenous peoples of North America. Most have value as food for wildlife. Some are grown as ornamental plants in bog gardens, ponds and aquariums.
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Festuca californica is a clumping perennial bunch grass, without rhizomes, that grows in greenish gray tufts. It reaches anywhere from in height, and in width. Redding Watersmart: Festuca californica The green- gray leaves are narrow, and can reach long. The inflorescence, on stems reaching up to , holds spikelets, which are each 1 to 2 centimeters long.
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Currently, complete chemical synthesis is not an option due to structural complexity. However, taccalonolide AJ was semisynthesized as an epoxidation product of taccalonolide B, suggesting that partial synthesis may be a possibility. Purification of taccalonolides from the roots and rhizomes of T.chantrieri plants is time-consuming and expensive. A non-toxic, readily bioavailable formulation for taccalonolides is needed.
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Aconitum columbianum is a tall spindly erect to scandent forb which is perennial from rhizomes. It has lobed or toothed leaves and long stems with far-spaced flowers. Seeds The folded, wrinkly flowers are often deep blue or purple, but may also be white or yellowish, and they usually have a spur. The fruits are pod-like follicles.
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The Lathyrus nevadensis plant is a trailer or weak climber vine, supported by tendrils, growing to 1.0 m-3 feet tall. The leaves are pinnate, with 4 to 10 leaflets and a straight, unbranched tendrils at the apex of the petiole. Its flowers are hermaphroditic, pollinated by bees. The plant can also spread vegetatively from creeping rhizomes.
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Thalictrum heliophilum. NatureServe. This perennial herb grows from rhizomes and fibrous roots. It produces one to three stems up to half a meter tall. The leaves are divided into leathery, waxy-textured leaflets each tipped with three teeth.Thalictrum heliophilum. Flora of North America. The species is dioecious. The terminal inflorescence is a panicle of many flowers.
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Dave's Garden Plant Files Trillium gracile is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. The stem has 3 bracts in a whorl well above ground, each bract up to 8.5 cm (3.4 inches) long, the blades green mottled with darker green splotches. Flowers are solitary on each scape, purple with a musty-like fragrance.
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Under the rhizomes, are thick, fleshy and yellowish, secondary roots. also On top of the rhizome, are the curled, fibrous remains of last seasons leaves. It has linear basal (growing from the base) leaves, which are not pointed at the ends (or obtuse). They can grow up to between long and 0.2–0.4 cm wide, at blooming time.
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Most species, however, persist by perennial creeping rhizomes. In some cases the turions are the only means to differentiate species. The leaves are alternate, which contrasts with the closely related genus Groenlandia, where the leaves are opposite or whorled. In many species, all the leaves are submerged, and in these cases, they are typically thin and translucent.
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The mature Parablechnum wattsii can grow from 30 cm to 125 cm tall, with large erect fronds. The fern can spread horizontally using scaled rhizomes, which have a creeping, branched habit. Members of the family Blechnaceae exhibit distinctive dimorphic fertile and sterile fronds, which are easily identifiable. The mature sterile fronds are dark, dull green, and leathery and pinnate.
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It has dark green, variegated leaves in length, and in width. The variegation of the leaves arises from the distinct white veins contrasted with the dark green of the leaf. The stems emerge from creeping rhizomes, growing tall. The nearly round flowers, which appear in late July to early August, are found on top of tall stalks.
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They are omnivorous, feeding on roots, tubers and rhizomes and a range of soil invertebrates. They often leave neat circular holes in tuberous plants. The males occasionally produce a soft, 'churring' song from within a specially constructed chamber in the burrow system. This acts to amplify the song which is believed to be used for attracting females.
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Cymbopogon bombycinus is a tufted perennial bunchgrass, without stolons or rhizomes. The culms, or stems of the grass, range from in height and are smooth, though the nodes may be hairy. The leaves of the plant are in length and are wide, and smooth on both faces. The crushed leaf gives off a strong citrus-like scent.
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Depending on the region, it flowers between March and June. The flowers are about 2 cm in diameter with white calyx. Many stems have two flower stalks characteristically extending from one stem, and this is the origin of the plant's Japanese name (literally, 'two-flowered plant'). The plant spreads with rhizomes, and so it often forms communities.
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T. flexipes is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. In northern areas, the flower tends to hang below the leaves, while central and southern strains have a large erect flower. The flower petals are normally white but can be reddish or maroon. The fruit is rosy red to purplish and fragrant of ripe fruit.
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Solidago hintoniorum is rare Mexican species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It has been found in Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Coahuila in northeastern Mexico.Nesom, Guy L. 1989. Phytologia 67: 145-146Tropicos, Solidago hintoniorum G.L. Nesom Solidago hintoniorum is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes.
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Plants of this genus are perennial herbs growing from rhizomes. There are three large leaf-like bracts arranged in a whorl about a scape that rises directly from the rhizome. There are no true aboveground leaves but sometimes there are scale-like leaves on the underground rhizome. The bracts are photosynthetic and are sometimes called leaves.
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The harvesting season extends from October to May. On the larger estates, the harvesting of the rhizome usually proceeds from the base of a hill towards the top. Harvesting involves breaking off the rhizome from the shoot. Planting and harvesting are inter-related in that when the rhizomes are harvested the shoot is replanted at the same time.
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The plant spreads by seas and also by rhizomes that help to protect the clay from erosion. Flowers mainly in late spring. Evergreen Honeysuckle: A shrub that can be found in the garigue and in maquis. Giant Fennel: A robust plant with huge yet-low aromatic flowers grouped in largo umbels attracting several Insects such as wasps.
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Water mint is a herbaceous rhizomatous perennial plant growing to tall. The stems are square in cross section, green or purple, and variably hairy to almost hairless. The rhizomes are wide-spreading, fleshy, and bear fibrous roots. The leaves are ovate to ovate-lanceolate, long and broad, green (sometimes purplish), opposite, toothed, and vary from hairy to nearly hairless.
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The Canada anemone has shoots with deeply divided and toothed basal leaves on . They grow from ascending caudices on long, thin rhizomes. The shoots are tall, and leaves are by . Flowers with about 5 white, petal-like sepals and 80-100 yellow stamens bloom from late spring to summer on stems above a cluster of leaves.
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White beak-sedge closely resembles a number of other sedges, including the brown beak-sedge (R.fusca) and large beak-sedge (R.macra). It can be distinguished from other species by the reduced size of its rhizomes, the length of the tubercle and perianth bristles on the fruit, and the presence of downward facing barbs on the bristles.
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Podophyllotoxin (PPT), also known as podofilox, is a medical cream that is used to treat genital warts and molluscum contagiosum. It is not recommended in HPV infections without external warts. It can be applied either by a healthcare provider or the person themselves. It is a non-alkaloid toxin lignan extracted from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species.
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Leymus cinereus is a perennial bunchgrass forming large, tough clumps up to tall and sometimes exceeding in diameter. It has a large, fibrous root system and sometimes small rhizomes. The inflorescence is an unbranched, cylindrical spike divided into up to 35 nodes with several flower spikelets per node. This species may hybridize with Leymus triticoides,Leymus cinereus.
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Anywhere from two to eight stems may grow from a single root crown and the roots themselves are generally shallow in depth while growing lengthy, dense, and fibrous tangles. Growth usually begins in the month of March, with flowering happening anywhere in July or August and eventual seed dispersal in September. New colonies sometimes develop from rhizomes.
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Coltsfoot is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by seeds and rhizomes. Tussilago is often found in colonies of dozens of plants. The flowers, which superficially resemble dandelions, bear scale-leaves on the long stems in early spring. The leaves of coltsfoot, which appear after the flowers have set seed, wither and die in the early summer.
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Onoclea is a genus of plants in the family Onocleaceae, native to moist habitats in eastern Asia and eastern North America. They are deciduous ferns with sterile fronds arising from creeping rhizomes in spring, dying down at first frost. Fertile fronds appear in late summer. Depending on the authority, the genus contains one to five species.
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It has no rhizomes. Sheep's fescue is a drought-resistant grass, commonly found on poor, well- drained mineral soil. It is sometimes used as a drought-tolerant lawn grass. The great ability to adapt to poor soils is due to mycorrhizal fungi, which increase the absorption of water and nutrients and also are potential determinants of plant community structure.
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Iris fernaldii spreads by underground rhizomes. It has leaves that are gray-green with pink, red, or purple coloring along their edges and bases. The plants grow to tall The gray-veined yellow flowers usually grow paired on a stem. The color ranges from creamy white or a rich to pale yellow, and rarely light lavender.
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During warm seasons they ate bird eggs, fish, shellfish, and American lotus rhizomes and seeds; during cold seasons they moved further inland and hunted deer, bear, and bison. Horses were used to hunt bison. Tanned deer hides and bear fat were their primary commercial exports. Almost nothing is known about their kinship systems, life cycle, or marriage customs.
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Dendrobium cunninghamii is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid herb that forms tufts up wide with wiry, cane-like stems up to long and in diameter. The rhizomes are similar to the stems and produce many roots. The leaves are narrow linear, long and about wide. Up to eight flowers white are borne on a short lateral flowering stem.
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G. boreale is a perennial plant that dies back to the ground every winter. Established plants spread by rhizomes, creating colonies of new plants around the original one. The squarish unbranched stems may grow between and tall. The leaves are attached directly to the stem in groups of four; spaced evenly like the spokes of a wheel.
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Phyllostachys edulis spreads using both asexual and sexual reproduction. The most common and well known mode for this plant is asexual reproduction. This occurs when the plant sends up new culms from underground rhizomes. The culms grow quickly and reach a height of 90 ft or more (depending on the age and health of the plant).
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Differentiation of perennial and annual types due to habitat conditions in the wild rice O. perennis. Plant Syst. Evol. 114:119-135 Other wild species in the genus Oryza are also perennial. While perennial Oryza rufipogon spreads vegetatively by above-ground stems (stolons), O. longistaminata, O. officinalis, O. australiensis, O. rhizomatis spread by underground stems (rhizomes).
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Petrocosmea forrestii is a species of flowering plant in the family Gesneriaceae native to China, and sometimes cultivated as a houseplant. It grows among rocks in shady places. Like other species in its genus, it does not develop a stem above ground, but spreads by rhizomes. The entire rosette of leaves is less than in diameter.
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During the breeding season they eat both plant and animal foods, but during migration and winter they primarily eat rhizomes and tubers from aquatic plants. Canvasbacks dive straight down to depths of around 7 feet to extract pieces of aquatic plants with their bill. Other food is taken from or just below the surface of the water.
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A seagrass meadow or seagrass bed is an underwater ecosystem formed by seagrasses. Seagrasses are marine (saltwater) plants found in shallow coastal waters and in the brackish waters of estuaries. Seagrasses are flowering plants with stems and long green, grass-like leaves. They produce seeds and pollen and have roots and rhizomes which anchor them in seafloor sand.
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It was later re-classified as a form of I. barnumiae by Mathew and Wendelbo in Flora Iranica (Rechinger, K. H., edition of) Vol.112 on page35 in 1975. It has a similar plant form to Iris iberica, with similar rhizomes and a plant height, of between tall. But it has yellow flowers, that are fragranced.
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Arundinaria appalachiana is the smallest member of its genus with the culms (i.e. the above-ground stems) usually attaining heights of 0.5 to 1 metre, though they are sometimes up to 1.8 metres tall. They are also quite thin at 0.2 to 0.6 cm in diameter. As with all bamboos, the culms emerge from subterranean rhizomes.
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In places where it is not hardy, the plant can be stored in the late summer and fall at 23 °C, which mimics the hot and dry climate of their natural Mediterranean habitat; however, the rhizomes will lose between 30 and 60% of their weight during storage. Aphid Dysaphis tulipae can be found on the plant.
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Multiple stipes (25–40), 9–46 cm long, with fronds up to 65 cm in length, arise from long creeping rhizomes 2.5–3.5 mm in diameter. Scaly rounded pinnules 1–2 mm across, with flat adaxial surfaces and strongly recurved into an abaxial pouch, hold sori of 2–4 sporangia. G. abscida growing in its typical exposed alpine habitat.
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Its growth and appearance is facilitated in an environment that receives afternoon shade and sunlight throughout the day. Like all other fargesias, it does not have running rhizomes and needs no containment to prevent spread. It will maintain its green-pigmented foliage throughout the winter, though it will most likely shed a few leaves in late fall.
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Tanakaea radicans, the Japanese foam flower, is a member of the Saxifrage family native to Japan, and is the sole species in the genus Tanakaea. It is named after the Japanese botanist Tanaka Yoshio. It was initially described by Ludovic Savatier and Adrien René Franchet. Tanakaea radicans propagates via rhizomes similar to the runners of a strawberry.
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Some of the hardiest bamboo species can be grown in USDA plant hardiness zone 5, although they typically defoliate and may even lose all above-ground growth, yet the rhizomes survive and send up shoots again the next spring. In milder climates, such as USDA zone 7 and above, most bamboo remain fully leafed out and green year-round.
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The genus was first described from specimens of slicified rhizomes and frond bases in blocks of chert. The chert was recovered from the "Ho ho" site, one of the "county line hole" fossil localities north of Interstate 82 in Yakima County, Washington. The "Ho ho" site works strata which is part of the Museum Flow Package within the interbeds of the Sentinel Bluffs Unit of the central Columbia Plateau N2 Grande Ronde Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group. The Museum Flow Package interbeds, designated the type locality, are dated to the middle Miocene and are approximately 15.6 million years old. The holotype specimen, rhizomes and fronds #1–3 and 3 E2 #1–3, are preserved in chert block 3A1 and housed in the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture as specimen number "UWBM 56441".
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Its oil contains aldehydes such as decanal (28%), and the alcohols dodecanol (44%) and decanol (11%). Sesquiterpenes such as α-humulene and β-caryophyllene comprise about 15% of its oil.Kesom Oil – a New Essential Oil for the International Flavour and Fragrance Industry in First Australian New Crops Conference 1996 – Volume 2 C-Methylated homoisoflavanones (3-(4'-methoxy- benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxy-chroman-4-one, 3-(4'-methoxy- benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-chroman-4-one, 3-(4'-hydroxy- benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-chroman-4-one, 3-(4'-hydroxy- benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxy-chroman-4-one and 3-(4'-hydroxy- benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-chroman-4-one) can be found in the rhizomes of P. odoratum.A new C-methylated homoisoflavanone and triterpenoid from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum.
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It found a new dihydro-flavonol (called songaricol), and seven known flavonoids. Some of these compounds had some antioxidant activity in certain cells and some effected yeast cells expressing human estrogen. In 2008, in previous studies it was known that irises contain iso-flavonoids. A new study was carried out to determine the phytoestorgenic activity of Iris songarica rhizomes and roots.
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It does not spread and form new plants via the roots. Its rhizomes (underground stems) are upright or nearly so, short, about in diameter, and generally unbranched. They bear dark brown or blackish, narrowly triangular or lance-shaped scales which are strongly clathrate (bearing a lattice-like pattern). The scales are long and wide (occasionally as narrow as ) with untoothed margins.
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In Mongolia, 14 species of iris are found. They have been used in traditional herbal medicines to treat Cancer, inflammations and bacterial infections. In September 2008, the rhizomes of Iris ventricosa were collected for a study of its biologically active substances. Various flavones and isoflavones, some peltogynoids (irisoid a, b, c, d and e), saponins, coumarins and benzoquinones were found.
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Mutualism is defined as an interaction "between two species or individuals that is beneficial to both". Probably the most widespread example in plants is the mutual beneficial relationship between plants and fungi, known as mycorrhizae. The plant is assisted with nutrient uptake, while the fungus receives carbohydrates. Some the earliest known fossil plants even have fossil mycorrhizae on their rhizomes.
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Dryopteris cycadina, the shaggy shield fern or black wood fern, is a species of deciduous or semi-evergreen fern in the family Dryopteridaceae, native to northern India, China, Taiwan and Japan. It grows to tall by wide, and produces pale green fronds maturing to dark green, on erect rhizomes. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
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In 1999, a chemical compound study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris spuria subsp. carthalinae. It found several new compounds. Iristectorigenin B 7-gentiobioside (also found in Juniperus macropoda) was found in the iris.John Buckingham and V. Ranjit N. Munasinghe As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.
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Carex occidentalis is a species of sedge known by the common name western sedge. It is native to the southwestern United States and parts of the west as far north as Montana. It grows mainly in dry habitat such as woodland and grassland. The plant produces very narrow stems up to about 90 centimeters in maximum height, sometimes with rhizomes.
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G. fulvescens paratypes in the Natural History Museum, London C. fulvescens's diet consists of rhizomes, bulbs, and roots. Pregnancy has been observed from December through February. Because pregnancy was not observed in July, it is thought they only have one litter each year. Two species of chewing lice in the genus Geomydoecus have C. fulvescens as a host: G. fulvescens and G. veracruzensis.
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It is widely grown throughout China, where it is often used as an ingredient in a herbal contraceptive. It has also been used in the anti-cancer drug 'Irisquinone', which comes from a herbal remedy.Michael A. Lerner The rhizomes are also used in traditional oriental medicine, including Tibet.Dr Barry Clark (translator) The flowers and seeds can also be used in medicines.
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Carex disperma grows in many types of wet habitat, such as swamps, meadows, and moist forest understory. This sedge produces thin, nodding stems up to 60 centimeters long from a network of branching rhizomes. The leaves are flat, green, and very narrow, less than 2 millimeters wide. The small open inflorescence is made up of 2 to 4 small rounded spikes.
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In addition, this species has large spikes, strong rhizomes, and experiences vigorous growth in environments ranging from Siberia to Canada and Iceland and the northern parts of Japan. All of these traits of L. mollis have the potential to be beneficial for crop improvement and domestication of new plant species in response to anthropogenic pressures and the increased need for food production.
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Juncus torreyi is a species of rush known by the common name Torrey's rush. It is native to North America, where it is widespread. It can be found in many habitats across the southern half of Canada, coast to coast in the United States, and throughout northern Mexico. This is a perennial herb growing from rhizomes with associated tiny tubers.
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Dorstenia foetida from East Africa and Arabia. The spectrum of the genus Dorstenia ranges from small annuals to perennial herbaceous plants with and without rhizomes or tubers, geophytes, lithophytes, epiphytes, woody shrubs and succulents (stem or leaf succulents). Their juice is mostly milky white, rarely yellow or colorless. The hairs that are found on most species are at least partially hook-shaped.
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There are no rhizomes or floating leaves. The inflorescences are up to 6 mm long with 4-6 flowers with a short peduncle (5–20 mm long, occasionally more). The fruits are 3.1-4 x 2.1–3 mm. Grass-wrack pondweed is relatively easily distinguished from most other pondweeds by its combination of strongly flattened stems and sclerenchymatous strands in the leaf .
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In photosynthesis, plants use light energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. The glucose is stored mainly in the form of starch granules, in plastids such as chloroplasts and especially amyloplasts. Toward the end of the growing season, starch accumulates in twigs of trees near the buds. Fruit, seeds, rhizomes, and tubers store starch to prepare for the next growing season.
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Its members have running rhizomes and are woody and tree-like, attaining heights from . They produce seeds only rarely and usually reproduce vegetatively, forming large genets. When seed production does occur, the colony usually dies afterwards. Among the distinctive features of the canes is a fan-like cluster of leaves at the top of new stems called a top knot.
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In a forested fen in Williamstown, Massachusetts Cypripedium reginae grows in wetlands such as fens, wooded swamps, and riverbanks. C. reginae thrives in neutral to basic soils but can be found in slightly acidic conditions. The plants often form in clumps by branching of the underground rhizomes. Its roots are typically within a few inches of the top of the soil.
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'Venusta' is the most common cultivar that bears a good bright rose-pink color. It grows in full sun or part-shade and needs moist to draining wet soil; it suffers from drought. It sends up its sort of maple-like foliage early in spring. It spreads by rhizomes, underground stems, so it becomes a spreading clump that eventually becomes a mass.
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Ferns mostly produce large diploid sporophytes with rhizomes, roots and leaves. Fertile leaves produce sporangia that contain haploid spores. The spores are released and germinate to produce short, thin gametophytes that are typically heart shaped, small and green in color. The gametophyte thalli, produce both motile sperm in the antheridia and egg cells in archegonia on the same or different plants.
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Iris proantha has long, brown, slender rhizome that has many branches or stolons, that help it spread into large clumps.British Iris Society (1997) The rhizomes are surrounded by several rigid fibres which are the remnants from previous seasons flowers. Under the rhizome, are secondary roots which grow into the soil, looking for nutrients. These roots have small nodules on them.
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Borinda is a genus of clumping bamboos erected in 1994 by Christopher Mark Adrian Stapleton and previously included in the genera Fargesia and Yushania. They have been recognized to present different flowers and shorter rhizomes than Yushanias. Comprising eight species, Borinda is only found in the Himalaya areas of Yunnan, Tibet, Sichuan of China or in Bhutan. They are highly ornamental plants.
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The shrub forms a dense root-like mat of rhizomes of up to one meter in diameter. This species has evolved to have thin, round reed-like leaves, very similar to the restios it shares its habitat with. P. restionifolia flowers in spring, blooming from August to October, peaking in September. The plant is monoecious with both sexes in each flower.
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It has a thick, (the size of a man's thumb),Richard Lynch creeping, buff (coloured), or greenish rhizome.James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) They are similar in form to a bearded iris rhizome. It has slender, short roots (under the rhizomes),British Iris Society (1997) and fibres on the top. The creeping habit, creates spreading clumps of plants.
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It is a perennial herb growing from a fibrous root system with rhizomes. It produces one to four upright, green stems up to 25 centimeters tall and just a few millimeters wide. The basal leaves are pinnate, made up of leaflets which may be lobed or subdivided. There is usually one opposite pair of leaves higher on the stem, each with three leaflets.
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Wilhelm Pfeffer, The Physiology of Plants: A Treatise Upon the Metabolism and ..., Volume 3 Leaves, fruits and rhizomes contain compounds that make them poisonous. Notably, leaves are rich in oxalic acid; other active principles are present in other parts. The ingestion of berries, which are showy and red, can be fatal for babies and young children, as well as dogs.
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The rhizomes and leaves are good fodder for cattle and pigs and it is grown for this purpose in Tropical Africa and Hawaii, where it is harvested 4–8 months after planting.Burkill, H.M. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol 1 The foliage of Agricultural Canna is also used for its silage making properties, which are superior to those of corn.
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The species grows as an emergent plant, that is, in flooded conditions, so the plant is generally dependent upon aerenchyma in the stem to carry oxygen into the roots. Its metabolism, is, however, also tolerant of low soil oxygen.Laing, H. E. (1940). Respiration of the rhizomes of Nuphar advenum and other water plants. American Journal of Botany, 27, 574–81.
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The tips and base are either rounded or taper to a blunt tip and there are 3 to 5 prominent veins. The stems are hairless and either branch on the upper part of the plant or from underground rhizomes. The fruit is an oval to ellipsoid capsule around an eighth of an inch long, and is a reddish to deep purple color.
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Sparganium eurycarpum is a species of bur-reed known by the common names broadfruit bur-reed and giant bur-reed. It is native to wetlands in Eurasia and North America. It is a clonal perennial, spreading by below-ground rhizomes. The common name, bur-reed, arises from the distinctive round clusters of fruits that take the form of a mace.
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Cladium californicum is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known as California sawgrass. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico where it grows in moist areas in a number of habitat types, often in alkaline soils. Cladium californicum is a perennial herb with a hollow, erect, rounded stem tall. It grows from rhizomes in dense clumps.
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Davallia fejeensis is a species of fern in the family Davalliaceae, commonly referred to as Rabbit’s Foot Fern. They are best known for their furry, brown and yellow rhizomes, which looks like a rabbit’s foot, hence the name. It is native to the Fiji Islands in Oceania. They survive from approximately 60-75ºF (15-24ºC) and cannot survive below 55ºF (13ºC).
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Iris florentina flower in late April. left Iris florentina has a thick or stout rhizome, which is short, fleshy, horizontal, and has a strong violet scent.Ruth D. Wrensch Christopher Brickell (Editor) The rhizomes spread across the surface of the soil, to form clumps of plants. This habit can often create a dense network of fibrous roots that can crowd out other plants.
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William Robinson It can be a cut flower for displays. It is deer and rabbit resistant, but can suffer from leaf spot, Iris borer, thrips, slug and snails. Aphids Aphis newtoni and Dysaphis tulipae can also be found on the plant.R. L. Blackman, Victor F. Eastop The irises are planted shallow, leaving the tops of the rhizomes exposed, to the sun.
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All species within the genus are perennials that grow from in height. They have rhizomes which can either be long, slender or short and thick or sometimes cormoid, all of which often become woody. The stems can be ascending to erect and are typically simple, though they are in rare cases they branch proximally, i.e. near the point of attachment.
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The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia The balloon-shaped lip has a fine net pattern and an open bowl with an enrolled margin. There are purple-brown spots toward the rear of the bowl. They propagate both by rhizomes and from many minute seeds that are propelled from a capsule which erupts from the inferior ovary.Ames, O. & D. S. Correll. 1952.
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Plants in the genus Wahlenbergia are annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, and sometimes have rhizomes. The stems are erect, circular in cross section and have simple leaves. The leaves decrease in size up the stem and usually have small scattered teeth on their edges. The flowers are borne on the end of the stems, either singly or arranged in a cyme.
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Karl U. Kramer. 1990. "Davalliaceae". pages 74-80. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. Species are epiphytic ferns, with fronds arising from long aerial rhizomes which grow on and over thick bark on trees or on rock crevices.
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Aristolochia contorta is a perennial herbaceous plant with stout elongated rhizomes that grows on the edges of the mountains, fields or forests in Korea, Japan, and eastern China. It is rarely found in open fields along the edge of the forests. It grows well in sunny places or slightly or fully shaded places with well-drained soil, and grows up to .
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Others of the species grow as clumps of leafy shoots; while others have such long creeping rhizomes that each of their leafy shoots can be more than a metre apart. Unique and distinctive to all Etlingera is a tube forming above the point where the base of the flowers petals joins onto the plant (i.e. above the insertion of the corolla lobes).
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Carex mckittrickensis is an herb up to tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Its stems are round in cross-section and covered with reddish-brown leaf sheaths toward the base. Its leaves are thread-like, up to long and less than across. Staminate (male) flowering spikes form at the top of the plant, with pistillate (female) spikes in axils of the leaves.
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Bambusa barpatharica is a perennial, caespitose species with short rhizomes. It is considered a pachymorph. Its culms allow it to grow up to 1500–2000 cm in height with much credit due to its 80–100 mm diameter woody stem. Its culm-internodes are terete; often they are hollow and grow 30–50 cm long, displaying a dark green distally pruinose sheen.
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The small perennial herb or sub-shrub has many branches and typically grows to a height of in height. It is a tall leafy plant with the leaf bases closely spaced. It has deep, woody perennial rootstock that the plant is able to resprout from the rhizomes after fire. It blooms between September and January producing pink-purple and white flowers.
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In botany, stolons are stems which grow at the soil surface or just below ground that form adventitious roots at the nodes, and new plants from the buds. Stolons are often called runners. Rhizomes, in contrast, are root-like stems that may either grow horizontally at the soil surface or in other orientations underground. Thus, not all horizontal stems are called stolons.
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This system is applicable if the propagule (small piece of rhizome) can be planted early in the year. The rhizomes are harvested in July, after which rice can be planted into the same field. Rice is then harvested in October. From November until March, the field stays either free, or a terricolous vegetable, such as cabbage or spinach, is planted.
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The annual or perennial plant, 10–80 cm tall, with numerous long stems about 2 mm in diameter, slightly three-angled, compressed below the inflorescence, node-less, smooth and has a tufted habit. The root system is fibrous, wiry, black. Short rhizomes. Leaves numerous, forming a dense tuft at the base of the stem, being at least half as long as the stem.
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All species of Carex are perennial, although some species, such as C. bebbii and C. viridula can fruit in their first year of growth, and may not survive longer. They typically have rhizomes, stolons or short rootstocks, but some species grow in tufts (caespitose). The culm – the flower-bearing stalk – is unbranched and usually erect. It is usually distinctly triangular in section.
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Saccharum officinarum, a perennial plant, grows in clumps consisting of a number of strong unbranched stems. A network of rhizomes forms under the soil which sends up secondary shoots near the parent plant. The stems vary in colour, being green, pinkish, or purple and can reach in height. They are jointed, nodes being present at the bases of the alternate leaves.
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Tubers develop from either the stem or the root. Stem tubers grow from rhizomes or runners that swell from storing nutrients while root tubers propagate from roots that are modified to store nutrients and get too large and produce a new plant. Examples of stem tubers are potatoes and yams and examples of root tubers are sweet potatoes and dahlias.
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Lepidosperma canescens is a clump- forming perennial with short rhizomes. It has terete, rigid, erect, and smooth culms which are 25–100 cm by 0.8–2.0 mm. The leaf-blades are similar to the culms but usually shorter and from 0.7–2 mm in diameter. The sheaths are yellow-brown to dark grey-brown, and are sometimes a dark reddish near the apex.
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The Gazania Linearis is classified as invasive in some areas, including California. Gazania linearis is a mat-forming or clumping perennial herb growing from rhizomes. Specimens that exhibit a mat-forming growth habit have been shown to have stabilizing effect in coastal dune environments. Its leaves have long, winged petioles and form basal rosettes at the ground around the branching stem.
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This sedge forms fruits in the form of an almost oval brown nut that is 2 mm wide and 3 – 4 mm in length. The preferred habitat of L longitudinale is freshwater areas such as swamps, lake edges, floodways, creekbanks and seeps. The plant tends to spread with its creeping rhizomes to form new stems to form dense monoculture colonies.
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Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 1: 404 Erigeron gracilis is a perennial herb up to 20 cm (20 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. The plant generally produces only one flower heads per stem. Each head contains as many as 10 blue or purple ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron gracilis Rydberg, 1900.
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In 2010, a cytotype study was carried out on Iris aphylla, using karyotype and AFLP data analysis. It concluded that Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica was a separate species to Iris aphylla. In 2014, a study was carried out on the foliage and rhizomes of the iris, it found several constituents and terpenoids (organic compounds), including phenylacetaldehyde, eugenol, and lauric acid.
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Agave sileri (synonym Manfreda sileri) is a species known only from coastal areas in the States of Texas and Tamaulipas. It grows on open locations with clay soil, at elevations below 100 m (330 feet).Flora of North America v 26 p 464 Siler's tuberose is a common name. Agave sileri is a perennial herb spreading by means of globose underground rhizomes.
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Cephalotus follicularis is a small, low growing, herbaceous species. Evergreen leaves appear from underground rhizomes, are simple with an entire leaf blade, and lie close to the ground. The insectivorous leaves are small and have the appearance of moccasins, forming the 'pitcher' of the common name. The pitchers develop a dark red colour in high light levels but stay green in shadier conditions.
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Historically, the Native Americans consumed the starch- rich rhizomes of smooth Solomon's-seal as a "potato-like food" used to make breads and soups. The young shoots are also edible, raw or boiled for an asparagus-like food. Smooth Solomon's-seal was also used in herbal medicine. For example, the rhizome was used in making a tonic for gout and rheumatism.
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Erigeron fukuyamae is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It has been found only in alpine meadows at high elevations in Taiwan in East Asia. Erigeron fukuyamae is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, forming short rhizomes and a branching underground caudex. Its flower heads have red ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron himalajensis is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on stony slopes and the margins of forests in the mountains of Afghanistan, Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan. Erigeron himalajensis is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 60 cm (5 feet) tall, forming woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have pink or purple ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron krylovii is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in grasslands and in alpine meadows in Siberia, Xinjiang, and Kazakhstan. Erigeron krylovii is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 60 cm (5 feet) tall, forming woody rhizomes and a branching underground caudex. Its flower heads have pink, thread-like ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron kunshanensis is a Chinese species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on rocky slopes and in alpine meadows at high elevations in the province of Yunnan in southwestern China. Erigeron kunshanensis is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 20 cm (8 inches ) tall, forming thick, woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have purple ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Erigeron pseudoseravschanicus is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on alpine meadows and forest margins in Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Siberia. Erigeron pseudoseravschanicus is a perennial, clumping-forming herb up to 60 cm (5 feet) tall, forming a thick woody rhizomes. Its flower heads have pink or lilac ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.
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Botanical illustration of S. boreale Symphyotrichum boreale is a perennial herbaceous species between 13 and 85 cm tall. The leaves, stem, and overall plant form are slender, and it produces long rhizomes. The inflorescence consists of one to several composite flowers. The ray florets are white to pale purple and the disc florets are cream or pale yellow-coloured, becoming purplish.
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Calamus leaves and rhizomes contain a volatile oil that gives a characteristic odor and flavor. Major components of the oil are beta-asarone (as much as 75%) and alpha-asarone, saponins, lectins, sesquiterpenoids, lignans, and steroids. Phytochemicals in the plant vary according to geographic location, plant age, climate, species variety, and plant component extracted. Diploids do not contain beta-asarone.
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Ecology, 62, 1137–47. The rhizomes are often consumed by muskrats. The flower is solitary, terminal, held above the water surface; it is hermaphrodite, 2–4 cm diameter, with five or six large bright yellow sepals and numerous small yellow petals largely concealed by the sepals. Flowering is from June to September, and pollination is entomophilous, by flies attracted to the alcoholic scent.
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In plants, clonal colonies are created through the propagation of genetically identical trees by stolons or rhizomes. Colonial organisms are clonal colonies composed of many physically connected, interdependent individuals. The subunits of colonial organisms can be unicellular, as in the alga Volvox (a coenobium), or multicellular, as in the phylum Bryozoa. The former type may have been the first step toward multicellular organisms.
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Maranta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Marantaceae, native to tropical Central and South America and the West Indies.Maranta in Flora of North AmericaMaranta in Flora of China Maranta was named for Bartolomeo Maranta, an Italian physician and botanist of the sixteenth century. About 40-50 species are currently recognized. They all have rhizomes and naturally form perennial clumps.
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A bee (Agapostemon) on New England aster Symphyotrichum novae- angliae reproduces vegetatively via short rhizomes, and via wind-dispersed seeds. The species is largely incapable of self-pollination, and requires cross-pollination for seed production. The seeds are an important food source for songbirds. A wide variety of generalist nectar-feeding insects visit Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, including butterflies, moths, ants, flies, and bees.
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It can be propagated by division or by seed growing. Propagation Methods: By dividing rhizomes, tubers, corms or bulbs (including offsets) Seed Collecting: Allow pods to dry on plant; break open to collect seeds In 2006, a study was carried out on the pollen viability of Iris mandshurica. It was found that time is a significant factor as well as climate.
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It is an perennial herb up to 300 cm (10 feet) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves are up to 20 cm (8 inches) long, dotted with visible resin glands embedded in the leaves. One plant usually produces 1-5 flower heads, each containing 10-20 yellow ray florets surrounding 90 or more yellow disc florets.Small, John Kunkel 1903.
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Trillium stamineum is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. The plant has three sessile bracts (leaves) arranged in a whorl about a pubescent scape (stem) that rises directly from the rhizome high. The ovate leaves, long by wide, are bluish- green with strong mottling that fades with age. T. stamineum flowers between March and May, depending on latitude.
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The order Cyatheales, which includes the tree ferns, is a taxonomic division of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms, but others have rhizomes. Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs.
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Petroravenia eseptata is a plant species native to Argentina. It is also type species for its genus, Petroravenia, first described in 1994.Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan Ali. 1994. Petroravenia (Brassicaceae), a new genus from Argentina. Novon 4(3):191-196..Photo of holotype of Petroravenia eseptata at Missouri Botanical Garden Petroravenia eseptata is a perennial herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes.
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Sphaeralcea coccinea, the scarlet globemallow, is a perennial plant growing 10–30 cm tall from spreading rhizomes with a low habit. They have grayish stems with dense, star-shaped hairs and alternately arranged leaves. The leaf blades are 2–5 cm long, palmately shaped, and deeply cut, with 3–5 main wedge- shaped segments. The undersides of the leaves have gray hairs.
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It has a bush-like appearance because it is highly branched at the base.Big Galleta, Range of Plants of Utah, Utah State University Clumping results from spread by tillers or short rhizomes. Clumps of leaves are wide. Seeds fall when mature, but their stalks persist, sticking out from the clumps like zigzagging wires, by which the plant can be identified at a distance.
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In their southern range, they eat young tortoises and their eggs. Insectivorous mammals hunted by raccoon dogs include shrews and hedgehogs, and on rare occasions, moles and desmans. In the Ussuri territory, large moles are their primary source of food. Plant food is highly variable, and includes bulbs, rhizomes, oats, millets, maize, nuts, fruits, berries, grapes, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, and tomatoes.
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Young plant with tuber Cyperus esculentus is an annual or perennial plant, growing to tall, with solitary stems growing from a tuber. The plant is reproduced by seeds, creeping rhizomes, and tubers. Due to its clonal nature, C. esculentus can take advantage of soil disturbances caused by anthropogenic or natural forces. The stems are triangular in section and bear slender leaves wide.
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Chaerophyllum bulbosum is reported to be a traditional medicinal plant used by locals in Eastern Turkey. For medical properties, the rhizomes were consumed raw to increase appetite, to treat diabetes and high cholesterol levels. [SOURCE NEEDED] It is otherwise used in cuisine for flavoring or cooked like other root vegetables. Much of the flavor comes from the skin of the tuber.
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Many of these plants, therefore, have aerenchyma, channels within the stem that allow air to move from the leaves into the rooting zone. Marsh plants also tend to have rhizomes for underground storage and reproduction. Common examples include cattails, sedges, papyrus and sawgrass. Aquatic animals, from fish to salamanders, are generally able to live with a low amount of oxygen in the water.
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The species is a folk medicinal herb in common use. It was thought to be the mythical Vegetable Lamb of Tartary during the Middle Ages due to the resemblance of its woolly rhizomes to a lamb. Although it is widely distributed, the plant has been extensively collected in Southeast Asia, causing the decline in the population size and number of individuals.
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Hymenophyllum australe are rupestral or epiphytic ferns. The rhizomes are long-creeping, fine (typically 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter), branched and possess bare scattered hairs typically clustered near the base of the stipe. Stomata are absent. Characteristic of the Hymenophyllum genus, the sori are terminal on segments (see sketch below) and encompass a two-lipped indusium (protective cover), which often has notched margins.
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The leaves are alternate, and some species can be slightly hairy. Extensions from the leaf base down the stem, called wings, can be lacking (Cirsium arvense), conspicuous (Cirsium vulgare), or inconspicuous. They can spread by seed, and also by rhizomes below the surface (Cirsium arvense). The seed has tufts of tiny hair, or pappus, which can carry them far by wind.
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The plants have continuously growing rhizomes that eventually create a large mass. In the wild the plants shed the older pseudobulbs. In cultivation they may fail to split, so growers will divide them by hand to prevent the plants from forming unwieldy mounds. An exception is Encyclia tampensis, which does well in a mounded form and does not need to be divided.
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Iris forrestii is similar in form to the smaller Iris wilsonii. It has short thick, rhizomes that form dense clumps of plants. The base of the plant is covered by fibres from the remains of the previous season’s leaves. It has linear, grassy-like leaves that are grey-green with one dull side and the other side a glossy green or yellow-green.
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The term soil diaspore bank can be used to include non-flowering plants such as ferns and bryophytes. In addition to seeds, perennial plants have vegetative propagules to facilitate forming new plants, migration into new ground, or reestablishment after being top-killed. These propagules are collectively called the 'soil bud bank', and include dormant and adventitious buds on stolons, rhizomes, and bulbs.
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B. australis is an herbaceous perennial that reproduces both sexually and asexually by means of its spreading rhizomes. The plant is erect and emerges from the rhizomatic network. The roots themselves are branched and deep, which helps the plant withstand periods of drought. When dug up they are woody and black in colour and show tubercles, wart-like projections found on the roots.
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All members of Psilotaceae are vascular plants without any true roots. Rather, the plants are anchored by an underground system of rhizomes. The small, stem-like gametophytes of Psilotaceae are located in this rhizome system, and they aid in a plant's nutrient absorption through the soil. This is primarily achieved through saprotrophic feeding on organic soil matter and mycorrhizal interactions.
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Nothia was a genus of Early Devonian vascular plants whose fossils were found in the Rhynie chert in Scotland. It had branching horizontal underground stems (rhizomes) and leafless aerial stems (axes) bearing lateral and terminal spore-forming organs (sporangia). Its aerial stems were covered with small 'bumps' (emergences), each bearing a stoma. It is one of the best described early land plants.
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It grows from rhizomes, or corms, which spread out into clumps of plants by stolons. Each corm usually sends out one long-tubed, goblet-shaped, or bell-shaped flower.José Luis Benito Alonso The bloom appears in autumn, or at the end of summer. It ranges from deep purple to lilac-purple with a paler throat and bright orange or yellow stigma.
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Salal berries are a widely used fruit on the British Columbia coast. Salal berries were traditionally picked in late summer and eaten fresh or dried into cakes for winter There are numerous wild edible and medicinal plants in British Columbia that are used traditionally by First Nations peoples. These include seaweeds, rhizomes and shoots of flowering plants, berries, and fungi.
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This grass is a perennial plant with long, stout, rhizomes that penetrate deeply into the ground. The stems branch only at the base, have an L-shaped bend and are up to in length. They grow in matted tufts and are bluish-green. The ligules are formed from rings of hairs and the leaves are rolled, stiff and tough, and somewhat pungent.
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Odyssea paucinervis is a salt-tolerant plant that grows on sand and it is often the only plant in its habitat. The leaves are tough and spiky and are of little use as fodder. The plant has a very deep root system and grows by means of extensive rhizomes. Wind-blown sand builds up around the plants which mat together and form mounds.
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The combination of fleshy leaves and thick aerial tubers makes this a very heavy vine. It smothers trees and other vegetation it grows on and can easily break branches and bring down entire trees on its own. Anredera cordifolia is an evergreen climber that grows from fleshy rhizomes. It has bright green, heart-shaped, fleshy shiny leaves 4–13 cm long.
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In A. insubricum, the umbel is nodding (hanging downward) at flowering time and remaining nodding when the seeds are mature. In A. narcissiflorum, however, the umbel is nodding at flowering time but erect at maturity. Allium narcissiflorum forms clumps of many individuals, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Scapes up to 15 cm tall bearing 4-10 bell-shaped magenta flowers.
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Chamaelirium luteum can be propagated through seeds or root division. For propagation through root division the rhizomes can be divided by cutting them into pieces of 1/4 inch (6mm). This disc-shaped pieces should be left to callus over night and can be planted in pots on the next day. The soil should be kept moist and shaded until the plants emerge.
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Sisyrinchium angustifolium, commonly known as narrow-leaf blue-eyed-grass, is a herbaceous perennial growing from rhizomes, native to moist meadow and open woodland. It is the most common blue-eyed grass of the eastern United States, and is also cultivated as an ornamental. Range: Eastern Canada and US, west to Texas and Minnesota, in meadows, low woods, and shorelines. Height: .
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The rhizomes are horizontal to the surface or buried to deep, they are pale brown in color tufts of ginger hairs. It has separate male and female plants. There are three remaining populations of C. abortivus found approximately apart in the Waychinicup area, east of Albany. It grows among heath or scrub with a sedge understorey in loamy, sandy or gravelly soils.
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Cyperus longus is a species of sedge known by the common name galingale. It is a tall plant, growing up to a metre in height, with creeping rhizomes and erect, triangular stems, each terminating in an inflorescence. The species is native to southern England, south Wales, and western France. It grows in shallow water or on damp ground, such as at pond edges.
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Corymborkis veratrifolia is a terrestrial, evergreen herb that forms clumps and has thin rhizomes and thin, upright, unbranched, wiry stems tall. There are between six and fifteen narrow elliptic leaves long and wide. The leaves are dark green, thin-textured and corrugated. Between twenty and sixty short-lived, cinnamon-scented flowers are crowded along the branched flowering stem, the flowers wide.
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The J.W. Jung Seed Company is a family-owned and operated garden seed company founded in 1907 in Randolph, Wisconsin by John William "J.W." Jung. The company publishes several seed catalogs including Jung Seed, Totally Tomatoes, Vermont Bean Seed Company, Edmunds Roses, Roots & Rhizomes, R. H. Shumway, McClure & Zimmerman and HPS Seed. The company also runs several retail garden centers in Wisconsin.
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Cerastium arvense is a perennial herb growing up to 30 to 45 centimeters tall. It takes the form of a mat, clump, creeper, or upright flower, and may grow from a taproot or tangled system of rhizomes. It is usually somewhat hairy in texture, often with glandular hairs. The leaves are linear, lance-shaped, or oblong, and a few centimeters in length.
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It has thick rhizomes, with slender branching stolons. It has the habit of creating large clumps of plants. It has herbaceous, erect, sword shaped, rigid, leaves that are greyish-green on one side and bright green on the other side. They can grow up to between long and 2–2.5 cm wide. The leaves have between 3 – 5 veins or ribs.
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Gahnia radula, commonly known as the thatch saw-sedge is a tufted perennial sedge native to south-eastern Australia. The leaves are long, flat and rough, with sharp edges. It has a distinctive brown inflorescence, which darkens to black. It grows to 50–100 cm in height, spreads through its rhizomes and is found in eucalypt forest and grassy woodland.
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It has short, rhizomes, that have the tan or brown, fibrous remains of past years leaves.British Iris Society (1997) Below the rhizome are pale brown, thick, fleshy-like roots. It has narrow, linear, grey-green or pale green leaves, that grow up to long and 2–3 mm wide. The leaves taper to a point. The leaves have 2–3 longitudinal veins.
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Rhynchospora caduca, commonly called anglestem beaksedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family (Cyperaceae). It is native to North America, where it is found in the southeastern United States. Its typical natural habitat is in low, wet areas, such as in marshes, seeps, tidal swamps, pine savannas, and flatwoods. Rhynchospora caduca is a cespitose perennial, usually with short scaly rhizomes.
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Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water. This perennial plant grows from rhizomes and produces a very slender, cylindrical, sometimes spotted stem up to a meter or so long. The leaves take two forms.
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P. praelongus is not in general cultivation, though it is an attractive plant. Unlike many other pondweeds it remains wintergreen. In common with other pondweeds of this group it roots poorly from stem cuttings and is best propagated by division of the rhizomes. Its preference for relatively deep water and intolerance of turbid conditions may make it unsuitable for many garden ponds.
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Carex rossii produces a dense clump, or solid mat of slender stems up to about from a shallow network of rhizomes. The pale to dark green leaves are usually longer than the stems. The inflorescences contain one or more staminate flower spikes above more rounded pistillate spikes. The fruit is three-sided, and covered in a greenish or brownish perigynium.
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Spartina gracilis is a species of grass known by the common name alkali cordgrass. It is native to western North America from northwestern Canada through the western United States and eastern California, and into central Mexico. It grows in moist alkaline habitat, such as evaporating streams and shorelines, alkali flats, and inland marshes. It is a perennial grass growing from short rhizomes.
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Zoysia japonica (commonly known as Korean lawngrass, zoysiagrass or Japanese lawngrass) is a species of creeping, mat-forming, short perennial grass that grows by both rhizomes and stolons. It is native to the coastal grasslands of southeast Asia and Indonesia. The United States was first introduced to Z. japonica in 1895. It received its first import from the Chinese region of Manchuria.
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Mechanical control of Christmas berry is a challenge. Useful methods include hand-pulling in the case of small-scale invasions. This is not a very efficient method due to the difficulty of eliminating all the surrounding berries littering the ground that will soon replace the removed material. Another option is discing, which tills the soil up in hopes of destroying the rhizomes.
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Most often seen growing from cracks in rocks. But it can also be seen growing in "baskets" formed by other epiphytic ferns such as those in the genera Platycerium and Asplenium. The name "hare's foot" comes from the furry exposed rhizomes. The former specific epithet pyxidata is from Greek, and it refers to a "box", as the sori are partially encased by the frond.
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The rhizomes are stored in the food cache and remain actively growing. Willow is an important protein source and is likely to be available for the longest period of time in a beaver's habitat especially in the far north. When available, aspen and poplar are preferred over willow. Conifers are also cut or gnawed by beavers, and used for food and/or building material.
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The plant is easily introduced to new areas on plowing and digging machinery, which may transfer bits of the rhizome in soil clumps. While the grass spreads well via vegetative reproduction from pieces of rhizome, it is also dispersed via seed. Rhizomes that have reached very hard to reach places will continue to grow as separate plants if they are snapped off during the attempted removal process.
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Hymenocallis godfreyi (Godfrey's spiderlily) is a plant in the Amaryllidaceae. The plant is a rare endemic known only from marshes near Fort San Marcos de Apalache on the St. Mark's River in Wakulla County, Florida. Some of its range lies inside St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge.Flickr, Hymenocallis godfreyi, Shepherd Spring, Alan Cressler/ It is a bulb-forming perennial which spreads by means of underground rhizomes.
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Carex leptalea is a species of sedge known by the common names bristly-stalked sedge and flaccid sedge. It is native to much of North America including most of Canada, the Dominican Republic, and the United States.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families It only grows in wetlands. This sedge produces dense clusters of thin stems up to 70 centimeters tall from a network of branching rhizomes.
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Asphodelus albus from Mavrovo National Park, North Macedonia Capsules and seeds White asphodel grows to a height of . The plain stem is supported by fleshy, thickened roots (rhizomes). The leaves, which originate from the base of the stem, are gutter- shaped and glaucous (covered by a waxy coating), about wide and long. The white hermaphroditic flowers are funnel-shaped, of diameter, with six elongated petals.
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Potamogeton richardsonii is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name Richardson's pondweed. It is native to much of northern North America, including all of Canada and the northern and western United States. It grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams. This perennial herb grows a narrow, mostly unbranched stem from a mat of rhizomes in the substrate.
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Underground stems are modified plants that derive from stem tissue but exist under the soil surface. They function as storage tissues for food and nutrients, propagation of new clones, and perennation (survival from one growing season to the next). Types include bulbs, corms, rhizomes, stolons, spindle-shaped, and tubers. Plants have two axes of growth, which can be best seen from seed germination and growth.
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Typical flower Anemonoides nemorosa is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant less than in height. The compound basal leaves are palmate or ternate (divided into three lobes). They grow from underground root-like stems called rhizomes and die back down by mid summer (summer dormant). The plants start blooming in spring, March to May in the British Isles soon after the foliage emerges from the ground.
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Most of the species spread aggressively by underground rhizomes. Some species of Phyllostachys grow to 100 ft (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the larger species, sometimes known as "timber bamboo", are used as construction timber and for making furniture. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though they can become invasive and troublesome in gardens, unless artificially restricted or grown in containers.
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In August 2005, 157 historic rhizomes were vandalized. One year later, Montclair Police were tipped off to the culprits who were later arrested and sentenced. The three men, minors at the time, had clubbed the plants practicing golf swings, while intoxicated. In 2008, a theft was attempted on some irises, by removing them and putting them in a plastic bag, but they were recovered.
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Although it may seem strange, many kinds of wetlands are also influenced by fire. This usually occurs during periods of drought. In landscapes with peat soils, such as bogs, the peat substrate itself may burn, leaving holes that refill with water as new ponds. Fires that are less intense will remove accumulated litter and allow other wetland plants to regenerate from buried seeds, or from rhizomes.
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Opuntia arenaria can grow in soil that is essentially pure sand. It has rhizomes up to 1.5 m long that give rise to above ground shoots with small cladodes that are 4-7 x 2–3 cm in size. Major spines are found in the distal areoles and are often reflexed, up to 30 mm long. Minor spines are strongly deflexed and much shorter.
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The epiphytes and lithophytes of the genus have long or short rhizomes. Its pseudobulbs are cylindrical or ovoid with overlapping sheathes at their base and one or two leaves at their apex. The inflorescences of the genus are basal, erect, and single flowered, with the flower usually as long or longer than the leaves. The flowers are tubular at the base with sepals spreading.
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When the mature fruit is about 12 months old, it is cut directly from the tree in a green condition. A cutter grooves and cuts the tree near the base while a backer catches the cut bunch. The upper part of the pseudo-stem is not removed as it is suitable for mulching. New plants or suckers are left to grow from the rhizomes.
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Festuca grasses are perennial and bisexual plants that are densely to loosely cespitose. The some grasses are rhizomatous and some lack rhizomes, and rarely species are stoloniferous. The culms of the grasses are typically glabrous and smooth, though some species have scabrous culms or culms that are pubescent below the inflorescences. The leaf sheaths range from open to the base to closed to the top.
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Liatris punctata is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names dotted gayfeather, dotted blazingstar, and narrow-leaved blazingstar. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout the plains of central Canada, the central United States, and northern Mexico. This perennial herb produces one or more erect stems tall. They grow from a thick taproot deep that produces rhizomes.
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