386 Sentences With "rhetorician" | Random Sentence Generator

Replace rhetorician with online content creator, and Aristotle's insights seem entirely modern.

A rhetorician strong on all three was likely to leave behind a persuaded audience.

They are powerful themes, particularly when espoused to the Democratic faithful by a skilled rhetorician like Mr Perriello.

I needed a rhetorician, not a quiz about my feelings or a recipe for dairy-free mushroom-pea risotto.

She's a skillful rhetorician, gracefully navigating her way around partisan land mines by talking about babies and ancient Greece.

In important ways, Dr. Mazzucato's work resembles that of a literary critic or rhetorician as much as an economist.

The model of a charismatic rhetorician packaging progressive ideas in a moderate message is one that has worked incredibly well for Democrats historically.

Scientists did not workshop the term with focus groups or hire an ad agency to determine what words to use, rhetorician Walsh said.

His campaign is as optimistic as ever, believing that Cruz will beat out Trump by exposing his just another rhetorician who will "burn" them if elected.

Zidane may not be a tactician or a visionary; his presence is so brooding that it is impossible to imagine him as a tub-thumping rhetorician.

He's an orator as much as a bike rider, a born rhetorician, at his best when selling the planet on huge flamboyant whoppers of his own devising.

Serena — who was the rhetorician who successfully spearheaded the creation of Gilead — states the Wives' thesis forcefully: They believe sons and daughters should be taught to read the Bible.

Analogous to a painter fashioning a portrait from the materials at hand, the rhetorician/politician fashions his speech to appeal to the ideas, emotions, and prejudices of his audience.

Lighthizer is known as a colorful rhetorician and has long argued that protectionism on trade — using border taxes on imports to protect domestic industries from competition — is something that is entirely compatible with conservatism.

Hitler was not a bureaucrat, but a skilled rhetorician able to articulate his values to his administration and countless other Germans, who then on their own worked to figure out how put his ideals into action.

Her voice is certainly the engine "Be Best" needs, not necessarily with more frequency and more chutzpah, but to at least compete with a President who is a practiced rhetorician and a country still hungry to know more about its enigmatic first lady.

But the rhetorician Obama who spoke to the Democratic Convention in Philadelphia this summer could have taken whole paragraphs from the speech with which the young Illinois State Senator Barack Obama made his national debut at the Democratic Convention in Boston 12 years ago.

In the context of the papacy, in his style as a ruler of the church, Francis is flagrantly Trumpian: a shatterer of norms, a disregarder of traditions, an insult-heavy rhetorician, a pontiff impatient with the strictures of church law and inclined to govern by decree when existing rules and structures resist his will.

" Walsh said the authors are right to point out that the climate-analog approach needs further testing to see if this form of communication works, but, Walsh said, "to a rhetorician of climate, at least, who cares most about promoting democratic deliberation and policymaking around the issue, (the researchers') analogical approach is really promising.

While it's true that Hoefnagel did not operate in a vacuum and that the mention of his amici, "friends," is essential for comprehending the way he operated, it becomes challenging to keep track of the differences between, say, Abraham Ortelius (a cartographer), Lucas de Heere (a rhetorician, poet, and visual artist with a penchant for the motto damna docent, "harm teaches you"), and Emmanuel van Meteren, a historian.

Although Boutrous — a noted Supreme Court litigator — couldn't answer questions about undersea lava flows or why the rise of sea water is inconsistent across the planet, he was at least at ease with a judicial style of questioning, and his strategy was clear: if the oil companies were going to go on the record with a vocal acceptance of climate science, they would take the opportunity to have a professional rhetorician sow doubt about where oil companies fit into the blame game.

Aspasius (; fl. 3rd century AD) was a Roman sophist and rhetorician.

Potamo or Potamon (; c. 75 BC – c. 15 AD) of Mytilene in Lesbos,Strabo, xiii. son of Lesbonax the rhetorician, was himself a rhetorician in the time of the Roman emperor Tiberius, whose favour he enjoyed.

Aphthonius of Antioch (), Prolegomena in Aphthonii progymnasmata was a Greek sophist and rhetorician.

Johann Erhard Kapp (23 March 1696 - 7 February 1756) was a German rhetorician and historian.

Theopompus (, Theópombos; c. 380 BC – c. 315 BC) was an ancient Greek historian and rhetorician.

Beyerlinck was a priest, a rhetorician, orator, and administrator, and engaged continually in preaching and writing.

Nonetheless he took his work as a rhetorician seriously, taking Vondel and others as an example.

Theodectes (; c. 380 – c. 340 BCE) was a Greek rhetorician and tragic poet, of Phaselis in Lycia.

Heracleides () was a rhetorician from Lycia, who lived and taught in Athens and Smyrna in the second century.

Alcidamas (), of Elaea, in Aeolis, was a Greek sophist and rhetorician, who flourished in the 4th century BC.

One of the city's more noteworthy figures was the rhetorician Hermagoras. Its site is located near Görece, Asiatic Turkey.

Michiel de Swaen (; 20 January 1654 – 3 May 1707) was a surgeon and a rhetorician from the Southern Netherlands.

Within the realm of rhetorical criticism, analysis involves examining structure and analyzing how the individual rhetorical and communicative elements work within the context of the artifact. Rhetorical criticism is an art that involves the rhetorician developing strong reasoning for their judgement. The rhetorician must act as a rhetorical critic of their own work, they must examine the necessity of their research as well as the analysis. A rhetorician must also be able to defend the method of their analysis and the accuracy of their research.

"Baldwin Dead; Won Fame Here As Rhetorician," Columbia Daily Spectator, Vol. LIX, No. 21, 24 October 1935, pp. 1, 4.

Göttingen 1798. Dion ChrysostomOr. xviii. torn. i. p. 480. mentions a rhetorician of this name, who may possibly be identical.

Publius Rutilius Lupus was a Roman rhetorician who flourished during the reign of Tiberius. He was the author of a treatise on the figures of speech (de Figuris sententiarum et elocutionis), abridged from a similar work by the rhetorician Gorgias of Athens, who was the tutor of Cicero the Younger. (This rhetorician is not, of course, the well-known sophist Gorgias of Leontini, who lived in the time of Socrates.) In its present form the treatise is incomplete, as is clearly shown by the express testimony of Quintilian (Inst. ix.2.101–105 passim).

Johann Christian Wernsdorf I (6 November 1723 in Wittenberg – 25 August 1793 in Helmstedt) was a German writer, poet, and rhetorician.

Glaucias a rhetorician of Athens, who appears to have lived in the 1st century BC, but he is mentioned only by Plutarch.

The oldest commentator of Prakrita Prakasa was Bhamaha an inhabitant of Kashmir who was also a rhetorician as well as a poet.

Herbert Wichelns addressed Neo-Aristotelianism in his work “The Literary Criticism of Oratory.” Wichelns focused on discovering criticism through rhetoric. He developed the study of the single speaker. Wichelns judged a rhetorician in terms of preparation, main ideas, credibility, personality, audience and other factors. His piece, “Historical Studies of Rhetoric and Rhetorician is considered the most influential study in the field of speech.

He was known to contemporaries as a grammarian, rhetorician, poet, and preacher, and was skilled in the modern as well as the classical languages.

Fronto of Emesa is a famous rhetorician and uncle of Cassius Longinus. Fronto taught rhetoric in Athens. He died in Athens, aged about 60.

Suda, Empedocles; Diogenes Laërtius, viii. 55, 56, etc. The only pupil of Empedocles who is mentioned is the sophist and rhetorician Gorgias.Diogenes Laërtius, viii.

Apuleius (; also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 – c. 170 AD"Lucius Apuleius". Encyclopædia Britannica.) was a Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician.

Antonius Rufus was a Latin grammarian who was quoted by the rhetorician QuintilianQuintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.5.43 and the grammarian Velius Longus.Velius Longus, p. 2237, ed. Putsch.

Datheen was not a rhetorician, but a person of humble origin who wrote in unadorned language, and his hymns spread far and wide among the people.

The famous Roman rhetorician Quintilian tells that a discussion with Caesar about the punishment of Theodotus was a subject in rhetoric schools.Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 3.8.55-56.

Antonius Atticus was a rhetorician of ancient Rome who lived in the age of Seneca the Elder and Quintilian.Seneca the Elder, Suasoriae 2. p. 19, ed. Bip.

Himerius (; c. 315 AD - c. 386 AD) was a Greek sophist and rhetorician. 24 of his orations have reached us complete, and fragments of 12 others survive.

Anaximenes of Lampsacus (; ; 320 BC) was a Greek rhetorician and historian. He was one of the teachers of Alexander the Great and accompanied him on his campaigns.

Its famous schools of philosophy, science, literature and rhetoric shared masters with Alexandria: the Athenian rhetorician Aeschines, who formed a school at Rhodes; Apollonius of Rhodes;He wrote about Jason and Medea in the Argonautica. the observations and works of the astronomers Hipparchus and Geminus, the rhetorician Dionysius Thrax. Its school of sculptors developed, under Pergamese influence, a rich, dramatic style that can be characterized as "Hellenistic Baroque".

Gaianus, commonly known as Gaianus of Arabia was an early 3rd century Roman- era Arab sophist, grammarian and rhetorician. He lived during the reign of emperors Maximinus (235–238) and Gordian III (238–244) He was born in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. Gaianus has been described as a student of the sophist Apsines, a native of Gadara. He worked as a grammarian and rhetorician in Berytus (modern day Beirut).

The Greek rhetorician Dionysius of Halicarnassus, in the first century AD, was the first to prescribe the form of a eulogy to a city in detail. Features he touches on include the city's location, size and beauty; the qualities of its river; its temples and secular buildings; its origin and founder, and the acts of its citizens. The Roman rhetorician Quintilian expounds on the form later in the first century, stressing praise of the city's founder and prominent citizens, as well as the city's site and location, fortifications and public works such as temples. The third-century rhetorician Menander expands on the guidelines further, including advice on how to turn a city's bad points into advantages.

The rhetorician Epidius claimed descent from Epidius Nuncionus, a rural deity, who appears to have been worshipped upon the banks of the Sarnus.Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De Claris Rhetoribus 4.

Greek rhetorician Aristotle (4th century ) discusses the rhetorical technique of mimesis or imitation; what Aristotle describes, however, is the author's imitation of nature, not earlier literary or cultural models.

He was a frequent contributor to conservative magazines, such as Bungeishunjū, Shokun, and Jiyū. Called a "rhetorician", and a "conjuror of controversy", he frequently used cognitive reframing in his discourse.

He moved to California in 1887 and died in Pasadena, California, on July 11, 1891. He was interred in Mountain View Cemetery. Scott was the father of rhetorician Fred Newton Scott.

C. Brown Publishers). Many of these identifications may stem from confusion with the 4th-century rhetorician Diophantus the Arab.Ad Meskens, Travelling Mathematics: The Fate of Diophantos' Arithmetic (Springer, 2010), p. 48 n28.

Alexander (Gr. ), nicknamed Peloplaton ( "Clay-Plato"), also known as Alexander of Seleucia and Alexander the Platonic, was a Greek rhetorician and Platonist philosopher of the age of the Antonines and the Second Sophistic.

1, 10. It is however uncertain if this was the same Castor as the rhetorician, Castor of Rhodes. One of the works of Castor is referred to in the Bibliotheke formerly ascribed to Apollodorus of Athens, who died sometime around 140 BC. Because of this circumstance, one conclusion is that the rhetorician Castor must have lived at or before the time of Apollodorus, around 150 BC, and thus had no connection with the Deiotarus for whom Cicero spoke.Compare Vossius, De Hist. Graec. p.

Mardonius, also spelled Mardonios, was a Roman rhetorician, philosopher and educator of Gothic descent. Mardonius was the childhood tutor and adviser of the 4th century Roman emperor Julian, on whom he had an immense influence.

Edward Tyrrel Channing (December 12, 1790 – February 8, 1856) was an American rhetorician. He was a professor at Harvard College, brother to William Ellery Channing and Walter Channing, and cousin of Richard Henry Dana, Sr.

Gallio (originally named Lucius Annaeus Novatus), the son of the rhetorician Seneca the Elder and the elder brother of Seneca the Younger, was born in Corduba (Cordova) c. 5 BC. He was adopted by Lucius Junius Gallio, a rhetorician of some repute, from whom he took the name of Junius Gallio. His brother Seneca, who dedicated to him the treatises De Ira and De Vita Beata, speaks of the charm of his disposition, also alluded to by the poet Statius (Silvae, ii.7, 32).

Diodorus () of Adramyttium, a rhetorician and Academic philosopher. He is known only from the account given by Strabo.Strabo, xiii. 66 He lived at the time of Mithridates (1st century BC), under whom he commanded an army.

Irfan Shahîd, Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century (1984), pgs. 166-167 Victor was married to Chasidat, the daughter of Queen Mavia of the Tanukh. He was also an acquaintance of the rhetorician Libanius.

René Bary (died in 1680) a French historiographer and rhetorician wrote La Rhétorique française où pour principale augmentation l'on trouve les secrets de nostre langue published in Paris in 1653 for the female audience of the précieuses.

Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.17 (trans. Rackham) (Roman rhetorician 1st century B.C.):Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.17 (trans. Rackham) (Roman rhetorician 1st century B.C.) > Their [Aether and Hemera's] brothers and sisters, whom the ancient > genealogists name Amor (Love), Dolus (Guile) [Dolos], Metus (Fear), Labor > (Toil), Invidentia (Envy), Fatum (Fate), Senectus (Old Age), Mors (Death), > Tenebrae (Darkness), Miseria (Misery), Querella (Complaint), Gratia > (Favour), Fraus (Fraud) [Apate], Pertinacia (Obstinacy), the Parcae (Fates), > the Hesperides, the Somnia (Dreams): all of these are fabled to be the > children of Erebus (Darkness) and Nox (Night) [Nyx].

Lorenzo Valla Lorenzo Valla (; also Latinized as Laurentius; 14071 August 1457) was an Italian humanist, rhetorician, educator and Catholic priest. He is best known for his textual analysis that proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery.

New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 12 Feb. 2014 He is said to have been a well known lawyer and rhetorician, noted for his virtue. He married into the wealthy family of his wife Emmelia, and settled in Caesarea.

His chief instructor was the rhetorician Apollonius Molon of Rhodes. He instructed Cicero in a more expansive and less intense (and less strenuous on the throat) form of oratory that would define Cicero's individual style in years to come.

Gaianus of Tyre was the consular governor of Phoenicia in 362. Pagan Hellene rhetorician Libanius' Epistulae with Gaianus lists his achievements after his graduation from the law school of Beirut.Libanius ep. 119, 336, 799, 800 and 1422Collinet 1925, pp.

1396 He is also mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium.Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Agroetas is also the name of a Roman rhetorician mentioned by the elder Seneca, but about whom nothing more is known.Seneca the Elder, Controversiae ii. 15. 13.

At Leipzig Seibt studied History, Philosophy and Aesthetics. He was powerfully influenced by two leading representatives of the German enlightenment; the poet-rhetorician Christian Fürchtegott Gellert (1715-1769) and the (at the time) widely revered writer Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700-1766).

Crates of Tralles (Greek: Κράτης), an orator or rhetorician in the school of Isocrates.Diogenes Laërtius 4.23. David Ruhnken assigns to him the logoi dēmēgorikoi which Apollodorus of AthensIn Diogenes Laërtius, loc. cit. ascribes to the Academic philosopher, Crates.Hist. Crit. Orat. Graec.

Sextia (d. AD 34) was the second wife of the rhetorician Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus. She was a member of the gens Sextia, the family whose male members used the name Sextius. They committed suicide together when Scaurus was accused of 'treason'.

The Athenian rhetorician Isocrates (436–338 BC) was the first to describe Pythagoras as having visited Egypt. Aristotle wrote a treatise On the Pythagoreans, which is no longer extant.He alludes to it himself, Met. i. 5. p. 986. 12, ed. Bekker.

Cicero (106 BC-43 BC) was a prominent rhetorician, philosopher, lawyer, and is considered the most notable of the Roman orators. When Cicero was twenty years old, he wrote De Inventione, a document that encapsulates the characteristics of first-century BC rhetoric. He believed that the perfect orator should speak eloquently and with dignity, and his ideals molded the values of Eloquentia Perfecta in Jesuit education. Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, also known as Quintilian, was an ancient Roman philosopher, orator, rhetorician who lived from 35 A.D. - 95 A.D. Quintilian embodied Eloquentia Perfecta with his philosophical work on rhetoric titled Insititutio Oratoria.

It mentions a cattle plague, which has been identified as rinderpest. Another title is Carmen bucolicum de virtute signi crucis domini.Walter W. Greg . He has been identified with a rhetorician Severus who was a friend of Paulinus of Nola known as Severus Rhetor.

He was the son or pupil of the rhetorician Demetrianus. He taught rhetoric in Rome, and filled the chair of rhetoric founded by Vespasian. He was secretary to the emperor Maximinus Thrax. His orations, which were praised for their style, are lost.

Alexander Numenius (Gr. ), or (according to the Suda) Alexander, son of Numenius, was a Greek rhetorician who flourished in the first half of the 2nd century. About his life almost nothing is known. We possess two works which are ascribed to him.

Prohaeresius (, Parouyr; , Prohairesios; c. 276 – c. 368) was a fourth-century Armenian Christian teacher and rhetorician originally from Caesarea who taught in Athens. He was one of the leading sophists of the era along with Diophantus the Arab and Epiphanius of Syria.

Cassius Longinus (; ; c. 213 - 273 AD) was a rhetorician and philosophical critic. He was perhaps a native of Emesa in Syria. He studied at Alexandria under Ammonius Saccas and Origen the Pagan, and taught for thirty years in Athens, one of his pupils being Porphyry.

Throughout the remainder of the dialogue, Socrates debates about the nature of rhetoric. Although rhetoric has the potential to be used justly, Socrates believes that in practice, rhetoric is flattery; the rhetorician makes the audience feel worthy because they can identify with the rhetorician’s argument.

Rhetorician Isocrates notes in Section 249 of Antidosis that sacrifices are made to Peitho in the city annually. Furthermore, comic poet Eupolis said that Peitho sat on the lips of Pericles for his persuasive skills. Persuasion was considered essential for the democratic state's success.

Marcus Cornelius Fronto (c. 100late 160s), best known as Fronto, was a Roman grammarian, rhetorician, and advocate. Of Berber origin, he was born at Cirta in Numidia. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of July-August 142 with Gaius Laberius Priscus as his colleague.

Abronius Silo (fl. 1st century BC) was a Latin poet who lived in the latter part of the Augustan age. He was a pupil of the rhetorician Marcus Porcius Latro. His son was also a poet, but degraded himself by writing plays for pantomimes.

Among further names proposed, are Hermagoras (a rhetorician who lived in Rome during the 1st century AD), Aelius Theon (author of a work which had many ideas in common with those of On the Sublime), and Pompeius Geminus (who was in epistolary conversation with Dionysius).

Marinus (; born c. 440 AD) was a Neoplatonist philosopher, mathematician and rhetorician born in Flavia Neapolis (modern Nablus), Palestine. He was a student of Proclus in Athens. His surviving works are an introduction to Euclid's Data; a Life of Proclus, and two astronomical texts.

Sidonius Apollinaris, Epistles vii. 9.6 There was also at that time a bishop "Agrycius", the addressee of a letter of Salvian apologizing for his disrespectful behavior, who is generally taken to be this Agroecius. Agroecius was possibly a descendant of the rhetorician Censorius Atticus.

The term digital rhetoric was coined by rhetorician Richard A. Lanham in his 1993 essay collection, The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts. In 2009, rhetorician Elizabeth LoshElizabeth Losh offered this four-part definition of digital rhetoric in her book, Virtualpolitik: # The conventions of new digital genres that are used for everyday discourse, as well as for special occasions, in average people's lives. # Public rhetoric, often in the form of political messages from government institutions, that is represented or recorded through digital technology and disseminated via electronically distributed networks. # The emerging scholarly discipline concerned with the rhetorical interpretation of computer-generated media as objects of study.

The gens Sepullia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Hardly any members of this gens are mentioned in ancient writers, of whom the most famous was Sepullius Bassus, a rhetorician known to Seneca the Elder.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. I, p.

Sulpicius Cornelianus was a Roman rhetorician. He lived in the reign of the Roman Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. This puts him in the late 2nd century CE (Aurelius and Verus reigned from 161 to 180). Cornelianus acted as secretary (ab epistulis Graecis) to Marcus Aurelius.

Giovanni Sulpizio da Veroli or Johannes Sulpitius Verulanus or Verolensis (fl. c. 1470 – 1490) was an Italian Renaissance humanist and rhetorician. Known to Erasmus,See the brief vita of Sulpizio by Judith Rice Henderson in Peter G. Bietenholz and Thomas B. Deutscher, eds. Contemporaries of Erasmus Toronto.

Johann Ludwig Schönleben (November 16, 1618 – October 15, 1681; , ) was a Carniolan priest, rhetorician, and historian. Schönleben was born in Ljubljana, the son of the politician Ludwig Schönleben and his wife Suzane Kušlan.Slovenska biografija: Janez Ludvik Schönleben The family originally stemmed from Württemberg.Richter, Franz Xav. 1817.

Aristaenetus was the son of Bassianus (a notarius in the eastern court around the year 371) and Prisca. His grandfather was Thalassius, the praetorian prefect of the East.Martindale & Jones, pgs. 124-125; 906 Possibly a pagan, he was related to the rhetorician Libanius, under whom Aristaenetus was a pupil.

Heraclitus All.5 The hymn to Hermes, fr308(b), was quoted by Hephaestion (grammarian)Hephaestion Ench. xiv.1 and both he and Libanius, the rhetorician, quoted the first two lines of fr. 350,Hephaestion Ench. x 3; Libanus Or. 13.5 celebrating the return from Babylon of Alcaeus' brother.

Alexander (; 70–80 AD – 150) of Cotiaeum was a Greek grammarian, who is mentioned among the instructors of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius.Capitolinus, M. Ant. 2Marcus Aurelius, i. ~ 10 We still possess an epitaph () pronounced upon him by the rhetorician Aelius Aristides,Aelius Aristides, Vol. i. Orat. xii. p.

Abas () was an ancient Greek sophist and a rhetorician about whose life nothing is known. The Suda ascribes to him historical commentaries (in Greek ιστoρικά απoμνηατα) and a work on rhetoric (in Greek τέχνη ρητoρική). What Photius in his Myrobiblion quotes from him, belongs probably to the former work.

In the "Imagines", the rhetorician Philostratus the Elder gives a brief description of the Centaurides: In the "Metamorphoses", Ovid gives a brief description of Hylonome: Shakespeare refers to centauresses in King Lear, Act IV, Scene VI, lines 124–125: "Down from the waist they're centaurs, Though women all above".

He notices also his eminence as a rhetorician, and says that he was favourable to Christianity; a statement which has been thought inconsistent with the praises for Pamprepius. The works of Malchus are lost, except the portions contained in the ' of Constantine VII, and some extracts in Suda.

Lucian of Samosata ( 125 – after 180) was an Assyrian"Lucian of Samosata, an Assyrian rhetorician who wrote in the Greek language and whom they translated into Latin." Donskis L. (2011) Troubled Identity, or the European Canon and the Dilemmas of Memory. In: Modernity in Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp.

Optatus was a convert, as we gather from St. Augustine: "Do we not see with how great a booty of gold and silver and garments Cyprian, doctor suavissimus, came forth out of Egypt, and likewise Lactantius, Victorinus, Optatus, Hilary?" (De Doctrina Christ., xl). Optatus probably began as a pagan rhetorician.

Flavius Merobaudes was a 5th-century Latin rhetorician and poet. Merobaudes was a Roman of Frankish origin who was raised in Spain, and likely was a descendant of the famous general of the same name who flourished during the fourth century.Bachrach, Bernard S. (University of Minnesota. Center for Early Modern History).

His promotion of the molecular mindset, and his efforts to experimentally expose what molecules are, has been discussed by one historian under the title "John Tyndall, The Rhetorician of Molecularity". See also Tyndall's popular essay "Atoms, Molecules, and Ether Waves" (year 1882) in Tyndall's book of essays for a broad audience, New Fragments.

Apsines of Gadara (; fl. 3rd century AD) was a Greek rhetorician. He was a native of the Hellenised city of Gadara,Blank, David, "Philodemus", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), accessed 3 June 2020. whose ruins stand today at the border of Jordan with Syria and Israel.

Alcimus () was a Greek rhetorician who flourished around 300 BC. He was called by Diogenes Laërtius the most distinguished of all Greek rhetoricians.Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 114 It is not certain whether he is the same as the Alcimus to whom Diogenes in another passage ascribes a work called Pros Amuntan ().Diogenes Laërtius, iii.

9 Athenaeus in several places speaks of a Sicilian Alcimus, who appears to have been the author of a great historical work, parts of which are referred to under the names of Italica () and Sicelica (). But whether he was the same as the rhetorician Alcimus, cannot be determined.Athenaeus, x. p. 441, xii. p.

The name Atticus Clothing was derived from several places, one being the main character's father in the book To Kill a Mockingbird by the author Harper Lee. In addition to the literary connection the name is derived from Herodes Atticus, a Greek rhetorician who spent his fortune supporting music and the arts.

Joshua Reynold's Portrait of a Young Woman, often cited as being a portrait of Mary Astell. Mary Astell (12 November 1666 – 11 May 1731) was an English protofeminist writer, philosopher, and rhetorician. Her advocacy of equal educational opportunities for women has earned her the title "the first English feminist."Batchelor, Jennie, "Mary Astell".

In 1982 Thomas Willard singled out Corbett as an outstanding "contemporary rhetorician."Locke and Language, New York Times Review of Books, October 7, 1982 Corbett died on June 24, 1998 at his home in Columbus, Ohio.Edward P.J. Corbett in memoriam. Rhetoric Review, 1532-7981, Volume 17, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 126 – 131.

Apollonius the Effeminate () was a Greek rhetorician of Alabanda in Caria who flourished about 120 BC. After studying under Menecles, chief of the Asiatic school of oratory, he settled in Rhodes, where he taught rhetoric. Among his pupils were Q. Mucius Scaevola the augur, and Marcus Antonius, the grandfather of Mark Antony.

Castor of Rhodes (), also known as Castor of Massalia or Castor of Galatia according to Suidas,Suda κ 402 or as Castor the Annalist, was a Greek grammarian and rhetorician. He was surnamed Philoromaeus (Lover of Rome) and is usually believed to have lived about the time of Cicero and Julius Caesar.

René Bary (died in 1680) was a French historiographer and rhetorician author of La Rhétorique française où pour principale augmentation l'on trouve les secrets de nostre langue published in Paris (1653) for the female audience of the précieuses. Indeed, he wrote many books to speak well and also La Défense de la jalousie in 1642.

During his political career, Calhoun gained a reputation as a great rhetorician and intellectual. In addition to his advocacy of states' rights, Calhoun was a proponent of slaveholder rights and believed that slavery was justified by white supremacy. Inheriting his father's farm, Calhoun remained a slaveholder his entire life and profited from the cotton trade.

The art of facilitas was most notably taught by Quintilian, the Roman rhetorician, in the latter part of the first century A.D. (c. 35 – c. 100). In Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria, Quintilian summarizes the Roman educational system. In this system, students, generally young boys, were trained daily from the age of six to about eighteen.

1568 This Apsines and his disciples were hostile to Julianus, a contemporary rhetorician at Athens, and to his school. This enmity grew so much that Athens in the end found itself in a state of civil warfare, which required the presence of a Roman proconsul to suppress.Eunapius, Lives of the Sophists p. 115, &c.

The term οὐσία is an Ancient Greek noun, formed on the feminine present participle of the verb εἰμί, eimí, i.e., "to be, I am". In Latin, it was translated as essentia or substantia. Ancient Roman philosopher Seneca and rhetorician Quintilian used essentia as equivalent for οὐσία, while Apuleius rendered οὐσία both as essentia or substantia.

His son Potamo was also a notable rhetorician. The Lesbonax described in the Suda as the author of a large number of philosophical works is probably of much earlier date;Suda λ 307 on the other hand, the author of a small treatise on grammatical figures (ed. Rudolf Müller, Leipzig, 1900), is probably later.

Severus Sanctus Endelechius (or Endelechus) was a 4th century poet and rhetorician, and the writer of De Mortibus Boum (or Bovum), i.e. On the Deaths of Cattle. It is a poem belonging to the classical bucolic tradition, but also concerned with Christian apologetics.Dennis E. Trout, Paulinus of Nola: Life, Letters, and Poems (1999), p. 110.

Emanuele Tesauro (1592–1675) was a rhetorician, dramatist, Marinist poet, and historian from Turin. His Il Cannocchiale Aristotelico, originally published in 1654, is a work on tropes, literally the oxymoronic "Aristotelian telescope". Its main concern is the invention and wit of ingenious metaphors.George Alexander Kennedy, The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism (1989), p. 448.

Anthippus () was a Greek comic poet, a play of whose is cited by Athenaeus.Athenaeus, ix. p. 403 His existence is uncertain however, and we ought perhaps to read "Anaxippus" (Ἀναξίππῳ) here. The rhetorician Julius Pollux ascribes the creation of the Lydian mode to an Anthippus, though this attribution is considered more mythological than historical.

Along with his poetic work, Tantalidis was an important intellectual in the Greek community and was close to the Patriarchate. He also wrote many treatises, for topics like the Catholic Church and the schism with the Bulgarian Exarchate. For his contributions he was bestowed the title of Grand Rhetorician of the Great Church of Christ.

Gregory was born around 335, probably in or near the city of Neocaesarea, Pontus.Maspero & Mateo Seco, p. 103 His family was aristocratic and Christian - according to Gregory of Nazianzus, his mother was Emmelia of Caesarea, and his father, a rhetorician, has been identified either as Basil the Elder or as a Gregory.Van Dam (2003), p.

Acharya Vamana (latter half of the 8th century - early 9th century)Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Pali Literature was an Indian Rhetorician. Vamana's investigation into the nature of a Kāvya is known as theory of Riti. Vamana's Kavyalankara Sutra is considered as the first attempt at evolving a philosophy of literary aesthetics. He regarded that riti is the soul of Kavya.

Alcimus (Avitus) Alethius was the writer of seven short poems in the Latin Anthology. Classical scholar J. C. Wernsdorf believed him to be the same person as Alcimus, the rhetorician in Aquitania, in Gaul, who is spoken of in terms of high praise by Sidonius ApollinarisJ. C. Wernsdorf, Poet. Lat. Min. vol. vi. p. 26, &c.

Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 1. 26b-c (trans. Gullick) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : "Theopompos [of Khios, poet C4th B.C.] says that dark wine originated among the Khians, and that they were the first to learn how to plant and tend vines from Oinopion, son of Dionysos, who also was the founder of that island- state." Suidas s.v.

Strauss shaped post-war Bavaria and polarized the public like few others. He was an articulate leader of conservatives and a skilled rhetorician. His outspoken right-leaning political standpoints made him an opponent of more moderate politicians and the entire political left. His association with several large-scale scandals made many politicians distance themselves from him.

Praesentia, v. 15, 2014, pp. 1-9. ISSN (en línea): 1316-1857. (online) Apparently, Corinna also criticized Myrtis, as a woman, for venturing to compete with Pindar.. Tatian, a 2nd-century AD travelling rhetorician and Christian apologist, said (Against the Greeks 33) that a bronze statue of Myrtis was made by the sculptor Boïscus, otherwise unknown.

In the last year of his life, Gunthorpe found himself playing host to the king. Gunthorpe was a man of learning, a rhetorician and linguist, a priest and theologian, and an experienced diplomat and secretary, but is not survived by substantial literary remains. On 5 June 1498, John Gunthorpe died. He is buried in St Katherine's Chapel, Wells Cathedral.

Callistratus (), Greek sophist and rhetorician, probably flourished in the 3rd (or possibly 4th) century AD. He wrote Ekphraseis (also known by the Latin title Statuarum descriptiones, and Greek title Ἐκφράσεις), descriptions of fourteen works of art in stone or brass by distinguished artists. This little work is usually edited with the Eikones of Philostratus (whose form it imitates).

Richomeres was interested in literature and was acquainted with rhetoricians such as Libanius and Augustinus. He introduced the rhetorician Eugenius to his nephew Arbogastes. A few years later Arbogastes seized power in the western portions of the Empire. After the death of Valentinian II, Arbogastes promoted Eugenius to be his Emperor, while he himself remained the leader and generalissimo.

Hermagoras of Temnos (, fl. 1st century BC) was an Ancient Greek rhetorician of the Rhodian school and teacher of rhetoric in Rome, where the Suda states he died at an advanced age.Suda ε 3024 He appears to have tried to excel as an orator (or rather declaimer) as well as a teacher of rhetoric.Quintilian v. .3. § 59, viii. pr.

In a contemporary review, Mick Brown of Sounds gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and stated "Gil Scott-Heron takes another step in carving out his singular niche as jazz musician/rhetorician extraordinaire – number one in a field of one".Brown, Mick (November 13, 1976). "Review: It's Your World". Sounds. Retrieved on 2010-10-12.

Aphthonius' style is pure and simple, and ancient critics praise his "Atticism." The book maintained its popularity as late as the 17th century, especially in Germany. A collection of forty fables by Aphthonius, after the style of Aesop, is also extant. According to Rowe and Rees, an Aphthonius, the Greek rhetorician of Antioch visited Serapeum about A.D. 315.

Bonosus (died AD 280) was a late 3rd-century Roman usurper. He was born in Hispania (Roman Spain) to a British father and Gallic mother. His father—a rhetorician and "teacher of letters"—died when Bonosus was still young but the boy's mother gave him a decent education. He had a distinguished military career with an excellent service record.

He was born at Sardis, AD 346. In his native city he studied under his relative, the sophist Chrysanthius, and while still a youth went to Athens, where he became a favourite pupil of Prohaeresius the rhetorician. He possessed considerable knowledge of medicine. In his later years he seems to have lived at Athens, teaching rhetoric.

How much of the story of Secundus's life is accurate is impossible to say. The questions and answers are just one example of several such compositions which survive, including a similar question and answer conversation between Hadrian and Epictetus.Altercatio Hadriani Augusti et Epicteti philosophi. There was a Rhetorician of the same period called Secundus of Athens, mentioned by Philostratus.

Quintilian's statue in Calahorra, La Rioja, Spain Marcus Fabius Quintilianus ( 35 – 100 AD) was a Roman educator and rhetorician from Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing. In English translation, he is usually referred to as Quintilian (), although the alternate spellings of Quintillian and Quinctilian are occasionally seen, the latter in older texts.

308; Duncan, "Bernard (d. 1330/31)". Professor A. A. M. Duncan doubts this however, arguing that "the skilled use of the papal cursus in that text points rather to a professional rhetorician". Professor G. W. S. Barrow thought that Alexander de Kininmund (Kinninmonth) was a more likely candidate, on similar reasoning to Duncan.Barrow, Robert Bruce, p. 308.

Frontispiece of a 1720 edition of the Institutio Oratoria, showing Quintilan teaching rhetoric Institutio Oratoria (English: Institutes of Oratory) is a twelve-volume textbook on the theory and practice of rhetoric by Roman rhetorician Quintilian. It was published around year 95 CE. The work deals also with the foundational education and development of the orator himself.

But Valla had caused offence, to Antonio Loschi, and by championing the rhetorician Quintilian in an early work. In 1431, Valla entered the priesthood and tried in vain to secure a position as apostolic secretary. He was unsuccessful, despite his network of contacts. Valla went to Piacenza, and then to Pavia, where he obtained a professorship of eloquence.

Aemilius Magnus Arborius (4th century) was a Gallo-Roman Latin poet and professor. He was the author of a poem in ninety-two lines in elegiac verse, titled Ad Nympham nimis cultam, which cleverly alludes to Classical authors. The poem was reprinted in several later anthologies. The author of it was a rhetorician at Tolosa (Toulouse) in Gaul.

'Aeschrion (Gr. ') was an iambic poet, and a native of Samos. He is mentioned by Athenaeus,Athenaeus, vii. p. 296,f. viii. p. 335,c. who has preserved some choliambic verses of his, in which he defends the Samian Philaenis, claiming that the popular sex manual attributed to her was really written by Polycrates, an Athenian rhetorician and sophist.

He left the Jesuit order in 1653, received a doctorate in Padua, and then returned to Ljubljana. Schönleben was a well-known rhetorician and some of his speeches were also published. He was important in theology as a proponent of the Immaculate Conception. As a historian, he wrote a series of genealogies of Carniolan noble families.

Richard Whately (1 February 1787 – 8 October 1863) was an English academic, rhetorician, logician, philosopher, economist, and theologian who also served as a reforming Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin. He was a leading Broad Churchman, a prolific and combative author over a wide range of topics, a flamboyant character, and one of the first reviewers to recognise the talents of Jane Austen.

The gens Hateria, occasionally Ateria, was a plebeian family at Rome, known from the last century of the Republic and under the early Empire. The most distinguished of the Haterii was Quintus Haterius, a senator and rhetorician in the time of Augustus and Tiberius. He was consul suffectus in 5 BC.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p.

The dialogue begins just after Gorgias has given a speech. Callicles says that Gorgias is a guest in his home, and has agreed to a private audience with Socrates and his friend Chaerephon. Socrates gets Gorgias to agree to his cross-examination style of conversation. Gorgias identifies his craft as rhetoric, and affirms that he should be called a rhetorician.

Anselm of Besate (Anselmus Peripateticus, "Anselm the Peripatetic") was an 11th-century churchman and rhetorician. Anselm was born at Besate, near Pavia, to a notable local family shortly after the year 1000. He received his education in Padua and Reggio, and became attached to the church of Milan. He later served in the chapel of the Emperor Henry III (reigned 1046–1056).

The late Roman statesman Cassiodorus (c. 485–585) advocated in his rulebook for monastic life the water clock as a useful alarm for the 'soldiers of Christ' (Cassiod. Inst. 30.4 f.). The Christian rhetorician Procopius described in detail prior to 529 a complex public striking clock in his home town Gaza which featured an hourly gong and figures moving mechanically day and night.

Theodorus of Gadara () was a Greek rhetorician of the 1st century BC from Gadara (present-day Um Qais, Jordan)Blank, David, "Philodemus", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), accessed 3 June 2020.Strabo's Geography 16.2.29 who founded a rhetorical school in his native city, where he taught future Roman emperor Tiberius the art of rhetoric. Suetonius (c.

Pietro Della Valle was born in Rome on 2 April 1586, to a wealthy and noble family. His early life was spent in the pursuit of literature and arms. He was a cultivated man, who knew Latin, Greek, classical mythology, and the Bible. He also became a member of the Roman Accademia degli Umoristi, and acquired some reputation as a versifier and rhetorician.

Jonathan Alexander (born October 2, 1967) is an American rhetorician and memoirist. He is Chancellor's Professor of English, Informatics, Education, and Gender & Sexuality Studies at the University of California, Irvine."Faculty profile page at University of California, Irvine" Retrieved on 26 November 2014. His scholarly and creative work is situated at the intersections of digital culture, sexuality, and composition studies.

To move an audience, Campbell believed that a rhetorician must appreciate the relationship between evidence and human nature. Campbell divided evidence into two major types: intuitive and deductive. Intuitive evidence is convincing by its mere appearance. Its effect on the power of judgment is "natural, original, and unaccountable", which suggests that no other additional evidences can make it more compelling or effective.

The philosopher John Searle has argued that Plato expressed some skepticism about the value of writing relative to speech. The rhetorician and philosopher Walter Ong also believes that Plato was phonocentric. He argues that Plato had a clear preference for "orality over writing." However, he notes that Plato's belief in phonocentrism was both contrived and defended textually, and is therefore paradoxical.

Hegesias of MagnesiaMagnesia ad Sipylum, on the plains of Lydia. (), Greek rhetorician, and historian, flourished about 300 BC. Strabo (xiv. 648), speaks of him as the founder of the florid Asiatic style of composition. Agatharchides, Dionysius of Halicarnassus (De compositione verborum 18) and Cicero all speak of him in disparaging terms, although Varro seems to have approved of his work.

Demodocus (; ) is purported to be one of the dialogues of Plato. The dialogue is extant and was included in the Stephanus edition published in Geneva in 1578. It is now generally acknowledged to be a fabrication by a late sophist or rhetorician, probably later than mid-fourth century BC.John Madison Cooper, D. S. Hutchinson, (1997), Plato, Complete works, page 1699. Hackett Publishing.

Published in 1991 and translated by George A. Kennedy, a leading classicist and rhetorician,Kennedy, George A. (trans./ed.). 1991. Aristotle 'On Rhetoric': A Theory of Civic Discourse. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. this work is notable for the precision of its translation and for its extensive commentary, notes, and references to modern scholarship on Aristotle and the Rhetoric.

Apparently, Augustus had built an altar in the city, and a story by the rhetorician Quintilian mentions that the inhabitants of Tarraco complained to Augustus that a palm tree had grown on the altar. He replied that would mean it was not used very often.Quintilian, Institutio oratoria 6, 3. Arc de Berà in the Via Augusta, about 20 km north of Tarraco.

Glenn has earned three fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and has won numerous research, scholarship, teaching, and mentoring awards. Among these are the Conference on College Composition and Communication’s Richard Braddock Award, Rhetoric Review’s Outstanding Essay Award, Best Book/Honorable Mention from the Society for the Study of Early Modern Women, and the 2009 Rhetorician of the Year Award.

Adams Sherman Hill (30 January 1833 - 25 December 1910) was an American newspaper journalist and rhetorician. As Boylston Professor of Rhetoric at Harvard University from 1876 to 1904, Hill oversaw and implemented curriculum that came to effect first-year composition in classrooms across the United States. His most widely known works include The Principles of Rhetoric, Foundations of Rhetoric, and Our English.

A Greek historian and rhetorician from the late first century /early first century , Dionysius of Halicarnassus represents a change from the Aristotelian rhetorical notion of mimesis, from imitation of nature to imitation of literature. His most important work in this respect, On Mimesis (, Perì mimēseōs), survives only in fragments. Apparently, most of this work concerned the proper selection of literary models.

355, Gregory initially pursued a non-ecclesiastical career as a rhetorician. He did, however, act as a lector. He is known to have married a woman named Theosebia during this period, who is sometimes identified with Theosebia the Deaconess, venerated as a saint by Orthodox Christianity. This is controversial, however, and other commentators suggest that Theosebia the Deaconess was one of Gregory's sisters.

The term verborum bombus is used by the sixteenth-century English rhetorician Richard Sherry in his 1550 book A treatise of Schemes & Tropes.California State University (2006). The Development of the Field of Communication: Our Roots In it, Sherry says > Verborum bombus, when small & triflyng thynges are set out wyth great gasyng > wordes. Example of this have you in Terrence of the boasting souldiar.

Menander Rhetor (), also known as Menander of Laodicea (), was a Greek rhetorician and commentator of the 3rd or 4th century AD. Two incomplete treatises on epideictic speeches have been preserved under his name, but it is generally considered that they cannot be by the same author. Bursian attributes the first to Menander, whom he placed in the 4th century, and the second to an anonymous rhetorician of Alexandria Troas, who possibly lived in the time of Diocletian. Others, from the superscription of the Paris manuscript, assign the first to Genethlius of Petra in Palestine. In view of the general tradition of antiquity, that both treatises were the work of Menander, it is possible that the author of the second was not identical with the Menander mentioned by the Suda; since the name is of frequent occurrence in later Greek literature.

Teofil (Bogusław) Rutka SJ (27 December 1622 in the Kiev Voivodeship - 18 May 1700 in Lwów) - Polish Jesuit. Rhetorician, philosopher, theologian and missionary. Teofil Rutka became a Jesuit in 1643 in Kraków and a priest in 1652 in Poznań. He was a professor of rhetorics, philosophy, polemical theology and moral theology in many Jesuit schools in Poland (in 1656–57 also in Bohemian Głogów).

Terminism is defined by rhetorician Walter J. Ong, who links it to nominalism, as "a concomitant of the highly quantified formal logic of medieval scholastic philosophy, and thus contrasts with theology which had closer connections with metaphysics and special commitments to rhetoric" (135).Walter J. Ong (1958), Ramus, Method and the Decay of Dialogue: From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason, Cambridge, MA: Harvard.

"Athenagoras of Athens." Early Christian Writings. 2018. and notes that Athenagoras converted to Christianity after initially familiarizing himself with the Scriptures in an attempt to controvert them. His writings bear witness to his erudition and culture, his power as a philosopher and rhetorician, his keen appreciation of the intellectual temper of his age, and his tact and delicacy in dealing with the powerful opponents of his religion.

So the generous youth would go on fishing expeditions, and > since he was expert in every form of sport, he provided food to his grateful > clients by this means.Gregory of Nyssa, Life of Macrina, trans. by W.K. > Lowther Clarke, (London: SPCK, 1916) Although a talented rhetorician, in 352 Naucratius abandoned that career to become a hermit not far from the family estate at Annesi.Elm, Susanna.

Hildegard's participation in these arts speaks to her significance as a female rhetorician, transcending bans on women's social participation and interpretation of scripture. The acceptance of public preaching by a woman, even a well-connected abbess and acknowledged prophet, does not fit the stereotype of this time. Her preaching was not limited to the monasteries; she preached publicly in 1160 in Germany. (New York: Routledge, 2001, 9).

As a whole it suggests the work of a rhetorician. There are only five books, the first four corresponding to the first four of Josephus' War, but the fifth combines the fifth, sixth and seventh books of War. In addition, the author inserts some passages from Josephus' Antiquities, as well as some Latin authors. The Latin authors most frequently imitated are Virgil, Sallust, and Cicero.

Feminist rhetoric works to expand the rhetorical canon. The rhetorical canon is traditionally composed of five parts: Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, and Delivery. They were introduced by the Roman orator Cicero in his treatise De Inventione around 50 BC. The idea was expanded by the Roman rhetorician Quintilian 150 years later in Institutio Oratoria. The rhetorical canon has been used in rhetorical education since its creation.

Gaius Marius Victorinus (also known as Victorinus Afer; fl. 4th century) was a Roman grammarian, rhetorician and Neoplatonic philosopher. Victorinus was African by birth and experienced the height of his career during the reign of Constantius II. He is also known for translating two of Aristotle's books from ancient Greek into Latin: the Categories and On Interpretation (De Interpretatione)."Medieval Philosophy" (section 3), Plato.stanford.

Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1980. Later in the first century A.D., the Roman rhetorician Quintilian builds upon Aristotle's earlier work of metaphor by focusing more on the comparative function of metaphorical language. In his work Institutio Oratoria, Quintilian states," In totum autem metaphora brevior est similitudo" or "on the whole, metaphor is a shorter form of simile".Quintilian. Institutio Oratoria. Trans.

Heraclitus (; fl. 1st century AD) was a grammarian and rhetorician who wrote a Greek commentary on Homer which is still extant. Little is known about Heraclitus. It is generally accepted that he lived sometime around the 1st century AD.Donald Russell, "The Rhetoric of the Homeric Problems" in G. R. Boys-Stones (2003) Metaphor, allegory, and the classical tradition: ancient thought and modern, page 217.

He joined Dorothy Day's Catholic Worker Movement, a communal movement that stressed social justice and nonviolence. Harrington enjoyed arguing about culture and politics, and his Jesuit education had made him a good debater and rhetorician. He died from esophageal cancer in Larchmont, New York on July 31, 1989.Herbert Mitgang, "Michael Harrington, Socialist and Author, Is Dead," The New York Times, August 2, 1989, p. B10.

60 Professor Edward Champlin included him as a member of "a Cirtan community at Rome" he infers existed there, whose members included: Quintus Lollius Urbicus, consul in either 135 or 136; Gaius Arrius Antoninus, consul c. 170; and the rhetorician Fronto. Champlin speculates Marcianus may be the "Marcianus noster" who assisted Fronto in his prosecution of Herodes Atticus.Champlin, Fronto and Antonine Rome (Cambridge: Harvard University, 1980), pp.

Alexander (Gr. ) surnamed Lychnus (), was an ancient Greek rhetorician and poet. He was a native of Ephesus, from which he is sometimes called Alexander Ephesius, and must have lived shortly before the time of Strabo (i.e., the 1st century BC), who mentions him among the more recent Ephesian authors, and also states that he took a part in the political affairs of his native city.

Because the ancient Greeks highly valued public political participation, rhetoric emerged as a crucial tool to influence politics. Consequently, rhetoric remains associated with its political origins. However, even the original instructors of Western speech—the Sophists—disputed this limited view of rhetoric. According to the Sophists, such as Gorgias, a successful rhetorician could speak convincingly on any topic, regardless of his experience in that field.

Metaphor connects two different things to one another. It is frequently invoked by the to be verb. The use of metaphor in rhetoric is primarily to convey to the audience a new idea or meaning by linking it to an already familiar idea or meaning. The literary critic and rhetorician, I. A. Richards, divides a metaphor into two parts: the vehicle and the tenor.

Heinrich Lausberg (12 October 1912 in Aachen; died 11 April 1992 in Münster) was a German rhetorician, classical philologist and historical linguist specialising in Romance studies. His 1960 treatise Handbook of literary rhetoric,Leiden, Brill, 1988. is considered one of the most complete and detailed summaries of classical rhetoric from the perspective of Quintillian's four operations.Groupe µ (1970) A General Rhetoric, Introduction His daughter, Marion Lausberg, is a classical philologist, too.

Apologeticus has the typical concerns of other apologetic works of his time, though it is presented in a much more complex manner. According to Wright, the text is constantly shifting "from the philosophical mode to the rhetorical and even juridical".Wright, p. 1036 Drawing from his training in literature and law, Tertullian demonstrates his talents as a Latinist and a rhetorician in an attempt to defend his newfound Christian faith.

Optatus was originally a rhetorician (or as characterised by Libanius, a “teacher of letters”) who was the tutor to Licinius the Younger, the son of the emperor Licinius. Libanius alleged that after the fall of Licinius in AD 324, Optatus owed his continued favour at the imperial court to the influence of his wife, who was willing to bestow her favours in order to help Optatus advance his career.

Johannesen 27 The rhetorician must decide which method of argument will best persuade a given audience. In his The Ethics of Rhetoric, Weaver coined the phrases "god terms" and "devil terms".Young 147-49 "God terms" are words particular to a certain age and are vague, but have "inherent potency" in their meanings.Young 147 Such words include progress and freedom – words that seem impenetrable and automatically give a phrase positive meaning.

Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus (died AD 34) was a Roman rhetorician, poet and senator. Tacitus writes that Scaurus was "a man of distinguished rank and ability as an advocate, but of infamous life."Tacitus Annales VI.29 He was suffect consul from July to the end of the year AD 21, with Gnaeus Tremellius as his colleague.Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), p.

Once the children have been commodified, Swift's rhetoric can easily turn "people into animals, then meat, and from meat, logically, into tonnage worth a price per pound". Swift uses the proposer's serious tone to highlight the absurdity of his proposal. In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, textbook-approved order of argument from Swift's time (which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian).Smith, Toward a Participatory Rhetoric, p.

Maior, better known as Maior of Arabia was an Arab sophist and rhetorician during the 3rd century AD. He was a contemporary of the sophists Apsines and Nicagoras, at the time of Roman emperor Philip the Arab (244–249). There is little biographical information available about him. Like Nicagoras, Maior might have held an official chair of rhetoric at Athens. According to the Suda, he wrote thirteen books On Issues.

Henry Johnstone Jr. (1920–2000) was an American philosopher and rhetorician known especially for his notion of the "rhetorical wedge" and his re- evaluation of the ad hominem fallacy. He was Professor of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University (1952–1984) and began studying Classics in the late 1970s. He was the founder and longtime editor of the journal Philosophy and Rhetoric and edited the Journal of Speculative Philosophy.

Bucolica, Georgica, et Aeneis, Servii Mauri Honorati & Aelii Donati commentariis illustrata (Basel 1544) with the commentary of Mancinelli (Mancinellus) printed next to the text. Antonio Mancinelli (6 December 1452 - 1505) was a humanist pedagogue, grammarian, and rhetorician from Velletri who taught in Venice, Rome, and Orvieto. He produced editions of Cicero, Herodotus, Horace, Juvenal, Suetonius, Virgil, and many other authors. His Carmen de Figuris rendered parts of Quintilian's rhetoric in hexameter.

23, p. 1. was a statesman, rhetorician, and philosopher. He flourished in the reigns of Constantius II, Julian, Jovian, Valens, Gratian, and Theodosius I; and he enjoyed the favour of all those emperors, notwithstanding their many differences, and the fact that he himself was not a Christian. He was admitted to the senate by Constantius in 355, and he was prefect of Constantinople in 384 on the nomination of Theodosius.

Choricius, of Gaza (), Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the time of Anastasius I (AD 491–518). Choricius was the pupil of Procopius of Gaza, who must be distinguished from Procopius of Caesarea, the historian. A number of his declamations and descriptive treatises have been preserved. The declamations, which are in many cases accompanied by explanatory commentaries, chiefly consist of panegyrics, funeral orations and the stock themes of the rhetorical schools.

Lucius was a son of Marcus Antonius Creticus, son of the rhetorician Marcus Antonius Orator executed by Gaius Marius' supporters in 86 BC, and Julia, a cousin of Julius Caesar. Together with his older brothers Mark Antony and Gaius Antonius, he spent his early years roaming through Rome in bad company. Plutarch refers to the untamed life of the youths and their friends, frequenting gambling houses and drinking too much.

Lucius Cestius, surnamed Pius, Latin rhetorician, flourished during the reign of Augustus. He was a native of Smyrna, a Greek by birth. According to Jerome, he was teaching Latin at Rome in the year 13 BC. He must have been living after AD 9, since, we are told that he taunted the son of Quinctilius Varus with his father's defeat in the Teutoburgian Forest (Seneca the Elder, Controv. i. 3, 10).

It was probably Severus that introduced Marcus Aurelius to the rhetorician Cornelianus and recommended Galen to him as his personal physician. Severus and his father accompanied Marcus Aurelius on a philosophical visit to Athens in 176. Severus served as a suffect consul in 167 and an ordinary consul in 173. In the year of his second consulship, Severus became a patron and was made an honorary citizen of Pompeiopolis.

The whole family were sold as slaves, on account of some offence committed by the father. In consequence of this, Bion fell into the hands of a rhetorician, who made him his heir. Having burnt his patron's library, he went to Athens, and applied himself to philosophy, in the course of which study he embraced the tenets of almost every sect in succession. First he was an Academic studying under XenocratesDiogenes Laërtius, iv.

Master Arwyl: Master Physicker, an older professor described as having a "grandfatherly" appearance. Arwyl presides over the instruction and day-to-day operations of the Medica. The practice of medicine ('physic') in Temerant is similar to medieval medicine with a large emphasis on herbalism. Master Hemme: Master Rhetorician, who resents Kvothe for embarrassing him in a class he was teaching, and tries to make Kvothe's life in the University as difficult as possible.

Arnobius of Sicca (died c. 330) was an Early Christian apologist of Berber origin, during the reign of Diocletian (284–305).To distinguish him from a later Arnobius, of the fifth century, he is sometimes called Arnobius the Elder. According to Jerome's Chronicle, Arnobius, before his conversion, was a distinguished Numidian rhetorician at Sicca Veneria (El Kef, Tunisia), a major Christian center in Proconsular Africa, and owed his conversion to a premonitory dream.

That is, he acknowledged that logic alone was not enough to persuade man, who is "a pathetic being, that is, a being feeling and suffering".Weaver 1352 He felt that societies that placed great value on technology often became dehumanized. Like a machine relying purely on logic, the rhetorician was in danger of becoming "a thinking robot".Weaver 1353 Weaver divided the nature of man into four categories: rational, emotional, ethical, and religious.

The English Secretary (originally The English Secretorie) is a book by the rhetorician Angel Day, first published in 1586. Among the most important manuals of letter writing in the 16th and 17th centuries,Angel Day, The English Secretary, and the Seventeenth Earl of Oxford, by Robert Sean Brazil, Jefferson Foote (Editor), Lisa Duff (Illustrator) the work combines influences from medieval practices and Renaissance humanism, and reflects the expansion of the reading public in Elizabethan England.

Strachan, p. 184. Depending on the position of the long syllable, the four paeons are called a first, second, third, or fourth paeon.The Roman rhetorician Quintilian, only considered the first and fourth forms to be paeons, while acknowledging that some include all four, Institutio Oratoria 9.5.96. The cretic or amphimacer metrical foot, with three syllables, the first and last of which are long and the second short, is sometimes also called a paeon diagyios.

The satirist and rhetorician Lucian came from Samosata in the province of Syria; although he wrote in Greek, he calls himself a Syrian, and a reference to himself as a "barbarian" suggests that he spoke Syriac.Edwards et al., introduction to Apologetics in the Roman Empire, p. 7; Matthew W. Dickie, "Lucian's Gods: Lucian's Understanding of the Divine," in The Gods of Ancient Greece: Identifies and Transformations (Edinburgh University Press, 2010), p. 350.

Ulrich's triumph did not last: On 8 November, he entered the fortress of Belgrade with King Ladislaus; the next day he was killed by agents of John Hunyadi's son László in unknown circumstances. With him died the male line of the Counts of Celje.The Chronicles of Celje He was buried in the Minorite Church of St. Mary in Celje. The eulogy was delivered by the famous humanist rhetorician and prelate Johann Roth.

Rhetorician John Poulakos sees dissoi logoi as the ability or practice of providing a contrary argument at any point on any issue. He says that people must be persuaded to one side or the other in order to act, and this is accomplished through dissoi logoi. It considers demonstrating contrasting arguments in a single oration a method of demonstrating skill. Protagoras stated that every argument had two contradicting sides, both of which could be argued.

5 He had the reputation of being an excellent raconteur, and Quintilian awards him qualified praise as a writer of epics.Quintilian, x. i. 90 All that remains of his works is a fragment preserved in the Suasoria of the rhetorician Seneca the Elder, from a description of the voyage of Germanicus (AD 16) through the river Ems to the Northern Ocean, when he was overtaken by the storm described by Tacitus.Seneca the Elder, Suaseriae i.

Also daimon is the Greek derivative for the term demon, in which case "demon" means "replete with knowledge".Wilhelm, Robert (1995); p 22. Sometimes eudaimon is incorrectly taken to mean literally "good spirit". Moreover, Eudaimon is as well an ancient proper noun, in particular it was the Greek name of a priest of Zeus and father of P. Aelius Aristeides, a notorious rhetorician of the second century AD.Smith, William (1844); p 295.

Edward Patrick Joseph, P.J., Corbett was an American rhetorician, educator, and scholarly author. Corbett wrote several books, including Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, The Writing Teacher's Sourcebook, The Elements of Reasoning, Style and Statement, and The Little English Handbook: Choices and Conventions. Corbett taught and did research in the English departments of Creighton University and Ohio State University. As a result of his work, the Edward P. J. Corbett Award is named after him.

Alberti was born and died at Bologna. In his early youth he attracted the attention of the Bolognese rhetorician, Giovanni Garzoni, who volunteered to act as his tutor. He entered the Dominican Order in 1493, and after the completion of his philosophical and theological studies was called to Rome by his friend, the Master General, Francesco Silvestri of Ferrara, called "Ferrariensis". He served him as secretary and socius until the death of Silvestri in 1528.

Hagnon of Tarsus (, 2nd century BC) was an ancient Greek rhetorician, a philosopher, and a pupil of Carneades. Quintilian chides him for writing a book called Rhetorices accusatio (Prosecution of Rhetoric) in which he denied that rhetoric was an art.Quintilian, ii. 17. 15 Athenaeus cites him for a curious piece of information that "among the Spartans it is custom for girls before their marriage to be treated like favorite boys (paidikois)" (i.e. sexually).

With Heyne's blessing, Heeren decided to pursue an academic career. In 1784, having received his degree as a Doctor of Philosophy, he simultaneously earned the right to teach at Göttingen as a Privatdocent or adjunct professor. Though he recognized almost immediately that his true vocation lay elsewhere, his first scholarly work was in philology. In 1785 he published an edition of De encomiis by the rhetorician Menander, and proposed as well a critical edition of the of Johannes Stobaeus.

Yuri Rozhdestvensky (December 21, 1926 – October 24, 1999) - Russian rhetorician, educator, linguist and philosopher. Rozhdestvensky started his scholarly career from writing on Chinese grammar; his second Ph.D. involved the study and comparison of 2,000 grammars and established several language universals; he then moved on to comparative study of Chinese, Indian, Arabic and European rhetorical traditions, and then to the study of general laws of culture. Rozhdestvensky's influence continues to be powerful. In his lifetime, he directed 112 dissertations.

Criticism also classifies rhetorical discourses into generic categories either by explicit argumentation or as an implicit part of the critical process. For example, the evaluative standard that the rhetorician utilizes will undoubtedly be gleaned from other works of rhetoric and, thus, impose a certain category. The same can be said about the examples and experts quoted within the work of criticism. Classical genres of rhetoric include apologia, epideictic, or jeremiad but have been expanded to encompass numerous other categories.

Antidosis (Ancient Greek ), is the title of a speech treatise by the ancient Greek rhetorician, Isocrates. The Antidosis can be viewed as a defense, an autobiography, or rhetorical treatise. However, since Isocrates wrote it when he was 82 years old, it is generally seen by some people as an autobiography. The title term, "antidosis" literally translates as “an exchange,” and was applied in ancient Greek courts as a peculiar law pertaining to an exchange of estates between two parties.

Andronicus () was a poet of ancient Greece. Andronicus was a contemporary of the emperor Constantius II, around 360. The sophist rhetorician Libanius wrote that the sweetness of his poetry gained him the favor of all the towns (probably of Egypt) as far as the Ethiopians, but that the full development of his talents was checked by the death of his mother and the misfortune of his native town (which may have been Hermopolis).Libanius, Epist. 75comp.

In order to teach their students the art of persuasion and demonstrate their thoughts, they focused on two techniques: dialectics and rhetoric. The sophists taught their students two main techniques: the usage of sophisms and contradictions. These means distinguished the speeches of the sophists from the other speakers. Contradictions (antithesis ) were important to the Sophists because they believed that a good rhetorician should be able to defend both his own opinion and the exact opposite one.

Cicero, a prominent rhetorician during this period in Roman history, is one such example of the influence of the Second Sophistic on Roman education. His early life coincided with the suppression of Latin rhetoric in Roman education under the edicts of Crassus and Domitius. Cicero was instructed in Greek rhetoric throughout his youth, as well as in other subjects of the Roman rubric under Archias. Cicero benefited in his early education from favorable ties to Crassus.

Themistius, a 4th-century Byzantine rhetorician, mentions that he was the "first of the known Greeks to publish a written document on nature." Therefore, his texts would be amongst the earliest written in prose, at least in the Western world. By the time of Plato, his philosophy was almost forgotten, and Aristotle, his successor Theophrastus and a few doxographers provide us with the little information that remains. However, we know from Aristotle that Thales, also from Miletus, precedes Anaximander.

Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies, trans. by Rosalind Brown-Grant (London: Penguin Books, 1999), introduction. Thomas de Pizan accepted an appointment to the court of Charles V of France as the king's astrologerRedfern, Jenny, "Christine de Pisan and The Treasure of the City of Ladies: A Medieval Rhetorician and Her Rhetoric" in Lunsford, Andrea A, ed. Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women and in the Rhetorical Tradition, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995, p. 77.

Quintilian survived several emperors; the reigns of Vespasian and Titus were relatively peaceful, but that of Domitian was reputed to be difficult. Domitian's cruelty and paranoia may have prompted the rhetorician to distance himself quietly. The emperor does not appear to have taken offence as he made Quintilian tutor of his two grand-nephews in 90 AD. He is believed to have died sometime around 100, not having long survived Domitian, who was assassinated in 96 .

Jagannātha, also known as Jagannātha Paṇḍita or Jagannātha Paṇḍitarāja, or Jagannatha Pandita Rayalu, was a famous poet and literary critic who lived in the 17th century. As a poet, he is known for writing the Bhāminī-vilāsa ("The Sport of the Beautiful Lady (Bhāminī)"). He was a Telugu Brahmin from Khandrika (Upadrasta) family and a junior contemporary of Emperor Akbar. As a literary theorist or rhetorician, he is renowned for his Rasagaṅgādhara, a work on poetic theory.

The general Achillas and the rhetorician Theodotus of Chios were also guardians of the Egyptian king. When Ptolemy and Cleopatra were elevated to the status of senior rulers, Pothinus was maintained as the former's regent. Most Egyptologists believed that Pothinus used his influence to turn Ptolemy against Cleopatra. In the spring of 48 BC, Ptolemy, under Pothinus' guidance, attempted to depose Cleopatra in order to become sole ruler while Pothinus planned to act as the power behind the throne.

Criticism is an art as well; as such, it is particularly well suited for examining rhetorical creations."Jim A. Kuypers, "Rhetorical Criticism as Art," in Rhetorical Criticism: Perspectives in Action, Jim A. Kuypers, ed. (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009). He asserts that criticism is a method of generating knowledge just as the scientific method is a method for generating knowledge: Edwin Black (rhetorician) wrote on this point that, "Methods, then, admit of varying degrees of personality.

In Italy, he discovered manuscripts of the rhetorician Isocrates at the Ambrosian and Laurentian libraries. In the meantime, he published a two-volume work on the history of Corfu called Illustrazioni Corciresi (1811–14). In 1820, he was appointed secretary to the Russian envoy at Turin, and nine years later was named director of education by Greek president Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776-1831). Following Kapodistrias' murder, he returned to Corfu, and was restored to his former position as historiographer.

Gestures have been studied throughout time from different philosophers. Marcus Fabius Quintilianus was a Roman Rhetorician who studied in his Institution Oratoria on how gesture can be used on rhetorical discourses. One of his greatest works and foundation for communication was the "Institutio Oratoria" where he explains his observations and nature of different oratories. A study done in 1644, by John Bulwer an English physician and early Baconian natural philosopher wrote five works exploring human communications pertaining to gestures.

Joan Faber McAlister is an American rhetorician and associate professor, and contributes research to women's studies in communication. Her research primarily focuses on how images and space communicate messages in public culture through perceptions of beauty and critical theory. McAlister received a Ph.D. from the University of Iowa, and an M.A. in communication and B.A. in anthropology from Boise State University. She is currently an associate professor of communication at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa.

The philosopher Epictetus judged him to be the most philosophic spirit among the Romans of his time,Epict. Diss. 3.8.7 and Cornutus, the Stoic, rhetorician and grammarian, dedicated to Silius a commentary upon Virgil.Char. Gramm. 1.125.16-18. He had two sons, one of whom, Severus, died young. The other, Decianus, went on to become consul.Martial 8.66 As he aged, he moved permanently to his villas in Campania, not even leaving to attend the accession ceremony of Trajan.

Hephaestus was one of the Olympians to have returned to Olympus after being exiled. In an archaic story,Features within the narrative suggest to Kerenyi and others that it is archaic; the most complete literary account, however, is a late one, in the Roman rhetorician Libanios, according to Hedreen (2004).Guy Hedreen (2004) The Return of Hephaistos, Dionysiac Processional Ritual and the Creation of a Visual Narrative. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 124 (2004:38–64) p.

340 – 278 BC) a mathematician, the philosophers Idomeneus of Lampsacus, Colotes the satirist and Leonteus of Lampsacus; Batis of Lampsacus the wife of Idomeneus, was the sister of Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger), whose elder brother, also a friend of Epicurus, was Timocrates of Lampsacus. Anaximenes of Lampsacus, a rhetorician and historian. His nephew (son of his sister), was also named Anaximenes and was a historian.Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Philosophers, § 2.3 Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς) of Lampsacus was a stoic philosopher.

The Cestii do not appear to have been divided into distinct families. The cognomina Gallus, Macedonicus, Proculus, and Severus were probably personal surnames, as was Pius, a rhetorician and a native of Smyrna, who was perhaps a freedman of the gens. Gallus refers to a cockerel, or to someone of Gallic extraction. Macedonicus alluded to the military service of one of the Cestii in Macedonia, while Proculus was an old praenomen that came to be used as a surname in many families.

Jones & Martindale, pg. 1046 After this, he was appointed Consularis of Caelimontium, one of the 14 regions of ancient Rome. He was also appointed curator of Laurentum.Jones & Martindale, pg. 522 During the reign of the emperor Gallienus, Lupus was appointed the senatorial Praeses (governor) of Arabia Petraea (a position he held before 259).Lukas de Blois, The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus (1976), pg. 77 During his term the rhetorician Callinicus of Petra dedicated a work to Lupus, titled On Rhetorical Mannerism.

The Edict on Maximum Prices is still the longest surviving piece of legislation from the period of the Tetrarchy. The Edict was criticized by Lactantius, a rhetorician from Nicomedia, who blamed the emperors for the inflation and told of fighting and bloodshed that erupted from price tampering. By the end of Diocletian's reign in 305, the Edict was for all practical purposes ignored. The Roman economy as a whole was not substantively stabilized until Constantine's coinage reforms in the 310s.

Adrianos Komnenos was born as the fourth son (and sixth child) of the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos, brother of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (), and his wife, Irene of Alania. His life and career are mostly known from an encomium by the rhetorician Nikephoros Basilakes. He received a thorough education and training in military exercises, including riding, the javelin, and archery. His uncle raised him to the rank of sebastos and appointed him military governor (doux) of Chaldia in northeastern Asia Minor.

Blaise Gisbert (21 February 1657 - 21 February 1731) was a French Jesuit rhetorician and critic. Gisbert was born in Cahors. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1672, he taught the humanities, rhetoric, and philosophy, after which he devoted himself for a long time to preaching. The pleasure which Gisbert took in discussing pulpit eloquence with Nicolas de Lamoignon, the intendant of Languedoc, impelled him to write an essay on sacred eloquence, which he entitled Le bon gôut de l'éloquence chrétienne (Lyons, 1702).

In this way, was developed the ability to find clear, convincing arguments for any thesis. For the sophists, the primary purpose was to win the dispute in order to prove their excellence in word usage. They were convinced that there was no verity, but there were different opinions, equal in importance, and the "verity" was the only one that would be more convincingly demonstrated by the rhetorician. Sophists were not limited in their speeches only to topics in which they were aware.

In early 1539, Ghent threw a lavish rhetorician festival. The lavishness of the festival infuriated Charles' officials because Ghent claimed it couldn't afford to pay its taxes. In July 1539, rumors spread that certain aldermen had tampered with documents in the city's archives that legitimized Ghent's autonomy. In particular, the guilds were upset over the supposed theft of the Purchase of Flanders, a legendary document from a previous Flemish count which purportedly gave Ghent the right to reject all taxation.

Athenaeus of Naucratis (; or Nαυκράτιος, Athēnaios Naukratitēs or Naukratios; ) was a Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD. The Suda says only that he lived in the times of Marcus Aurelius, but the contempt with which he speaks of Commodus, who died in 192, shows that he survived that emperor. He was a contemporary of Adrantus. Several of his publications are lost, but the fifteen-volume Deipnosophistae mostly survives.

Dale Carrico (born 1965) is an American critical theorist and rhetorician. He is a critic of futurologySuperlative Futurology in Re-publicWikipitome at Amor MundiFuturological Brickbats at Amor MundiCondensed Critique of Transhumanism at Amor Mundi and geoengineering.Geo-Engineering = Futurological Greenwashing Reed, Amanda. World Changing, August 12, 2010Wikipitome at Amor MundiFuturology Against Ecology at Amor Mundi Carrico received his Ph.D. from the Department of Rhetoric at the University of California at Berkeley in 2005 and is an adjunct at the San Francisco Art Institute.

The similarities between the objects being compared may be implied rather than directly stated. The literary critic and rhetorician, I. A. Richards, divides a metaphor into two parts: the vehicle and the tenor.I. A. Richards, The Philosophy of Rhetoric (New York: Oxford University Press, 1936), 119-27. The tenor is the subject of the comparison and the vehicle is the metaphorical term itself, or to phrase it differently, the vehicle is the image that illumines the subject of the metaphor.

R.K. Sprague (Columbia, S.C., 1972), p. 31. Additionally, although they are not described as his students, Gorgias is widely thought to have influenced the styles of the historian Thucydides, the tragic playwright Agathon, the doctor Hippocrates, the rhetorician Alcidamas, and the poet and commentator Lycophron. Gorgias is reputed to have lived to be one hundred and eight years old (Matsen, Rollinson and Sousa, 33). He won admiration for his ability to speak on any subject (Matsen, Rollinson and Sousa, 33).

Arcadius was born in 377 in Hispania, the eldest son of Theodosius I and Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of Honorius, who would become the Western Roman Emperor. In January 383, at the age of 5, his father declared him an Augustus and co-ruler for the eastern half of the Empire. His younger brother was later declared Augustus in 393, for the Western half. During these early years, Arcadius was under the tutelage of the rhetorician Themistius and Arsenius Zonaras, a monk.

Quartered arms of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick Ambrose Dudley was the fourth son of Sir John Dudley, later Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland, and his wife Jane Guildford. The Dudleys had 13 children in all and were known for their Protestant leanings as well as for their happy family life.Ives 2009 pp. 114–115, 307; Loades 2008 Ambrose Dudley and his brothers were trained by, among others, the mathematician John Dee and the rhetorician Thomas Wilson.

Rhetoric, like any field of study, is made up of constituent parts. These parts are often referred to as either rhetorical concepts or rhetorical principles. Rhetorical concepts can be seen as tools of the trade that allow rhetoricians to effectively communicate in a way that is most likely to persuade readers and audiences of the messages and meanings intended by the rhetorician. Rhetorical concepts are an important part of what makes an argument persuasive, and all effective arguments inherently contain them.

Procopius of Gaza ( 465–528 AD) was a Christian sophist and rhetorician, one of the most important representatives of the famous school of his native place. Here he spent nearly the whole of his life teaching and writing, and took no part in the theological movements of his time. The little that is known of him is to be found in his letters and the encomium by his pupil and successor Choricius. He was the author of numerous rhetorical and theological works.

Students at Bratsky Monastery in Kiev (Kyiv) break for summer vacation. The impoverished students must find food and lodging along their journey home. They stray from the high road at the sight of a farmstead, hoping its cottagers would provide them. A group of three, the kleptomaniac theologian Khalyava, the merry-making philosopher Khoma Brut, and the younger- aged rhetorician Tiberiy Gorobets, attracted by a false target, must walk extra distance before finally reaching a farm with two cottages, as night drew near.

Later, the Roman rhetorician Cicero expanded this definition to contain elements of character outside a particular rhetorical act. Most rhetoric scholars today combine the two definitions, understanding ethos to mean character both inside and outside a rhetorical circumstance. Speakers use the mode of ethos when they create an argument based on their own character. When relying on ethos, a speaker uses personal "trustworthiness or credibility" to persuade the audience to believe their specific argument on a particular topic (Ramage 81).

He had several children with her, of whom at least one son and two daughters outlived him. His younger daughter, Licinia, was wife of Gaius Sempronius Gracchus, the would-be reformer who died in 121 BC. Their granddaughter was Fulvia, the third wife of Mark Antony. A cousin was Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur, consul in 117 BC, and friend, patron and tutor of Cicero. Crassus Mucianus's nephew was the rhetorician and jurist Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, son of Publius Mucius Scaevola.

The Syrian rhetorician Lucian (c. 125-180 CE) describes a statue of the Syrian goddess Atargatis in Hierapolis Bambyce (present-day Manbij) with a gem on her head called Greek lychnis (, "lamp; light") (Schafer 1963: 237). "From this stone flashes a great light in the night-time, so that the whole temple gleams brightly as by the light of myriads of candles, but in the daytime the brightness grows faint; the gem has the likeness of a bright fire." (tr.

He promulgated the idea that elegy, shorter and more compact than epic, could be even more beautiful and worthy of appreciation. Propertius linked him to his rival with the following well-known couplet: The 1st-century-AD rhetorician Quintilian ranked Philitas second only to Callimachus among the elegiac poets. Another Greek elegiac poet, the subject of an elegy by Callimachus, was Heraclitus of Halicarnassus.Greek Anthology Book 7, 7.80Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Philosophers, 9.17 Hermesianax was also an elegiac poet.

Viśvanātha Kavirāja, most widely known for his masterpiece in aesthetics, Sāhityadarpaṇa, Acknowledging Visvanatha Kaviraja as the author of Sahitya- darpana was a prolific poet, scholar, and rhetorician who ascended literary heights during the reigns of two successive Gangavamsi rulers of Kalinga (India) (the modern Orissa) – King Narasimha Deva IV and King Nishanka Bhanudeva IV. In absence of availability of exact dates of his birth and date, the periods of their rules (i.e. 1378 AD – 1434 AD) is assumed to be the time of Viswanatha.

Malchion, a Church Father and presbyter of Antioch during the reigns of Emperors Claudius II and Aurelian, was a well-known rhetorician most notable for his key role in the 272 deposition of the heretical bishop of Antioch, Paul of Samosata. He was very familiar with and frequently quoted pagan authors. and was president of the faculty of rhetoric while presbyter of Antioch. He forced Paul to reveal his beliefs and wrote a letter calling him a heretic and criminal to the bishops of Rome and Alexandria.

Even his language had the same characteristics as that of some of the medieval philosophers: hence Claudianus used many abstract adverbs in "ter" (essentialiter, accidenter, etc.; forty according to La Broise). On the other hand, he revived obsolete words and, in a letter to Sapaudus of Vienne, a rhetorician, sanctioned the imitation of Nævius, Plautus, Varro and Gracchus. Undoubtedly his only acquaintance with these authors was through the quotations used by grammarians and the adoption of their style by Apuleius, whose works he eagerly studied.

The word anthypophora is present in Ancient GreekWillamette University College of Law (2006). Anthypophora (and Relatives) and is mentioned by the Roman orator Quintilian in his book Institutio Oratoria. In Institutio Oratoria, Quintilian merely identifies anthypophora as a device used to verify the truth of something, and does not mention raising a hypothetical question or objection.Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria IX.3.87 An earlier work by the Greek rhetorician Gorgias mentions anthypophora in its current definition, that is, presenting an opposing argument and then refuting it.

Hadriani ad Olympum, or simply Hadriani or Hadrianoi (), was a town of ancient Bithynia, not far from the western bank of the river Rhyndacus. It was built, as its name indicates, by the emperor Hadrian, and for this reason did not exist in the time of Ptolemy. As its name indicates, it was situated on a spur of Mount Olympus, and 160 stadia to the southeast of Poemanenus.Aristid. i. p. 596. Hadriani was the birthplace of the rhetorician Aelius Aristides, who was born in 117.

Al-Khalasa was founded by the Nabateans in the early 4th century BCE as "al-Khalus" or Haluza. Roman historian Ptolemy identifies it as a town in Idumea west of the Jordan River. After the Roman conquest, al- Khalus was renamed "Elusa", and in the late Roman period it grew to become the principal town of the western Arabia Petraea province. It was the birthplace of Abraham Zenobius a prominent Rhetorician in Antioch.Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Ed. Avraham Negev,1972, p. 100.

Elocutio is the term for the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin loqui, "to speak". Although the word elocution is now associated more with eloquent speaking, it connoted "style" for the classical rhetorician. It is the third of the five canons of classical rhetoric (the others being inventio, dispositio, memoria, and pronuntiatio) that concern the crafting and delivery of speeches and writing. Beginning in the Renaissance, writers increasingly emphasized the stylistic aspects of rhetoric over the other divisions of rhetoric.

The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1937) by rhetorician I. A. Richards describes a metaphor as having two parts: the tenor and the vehicle. The tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed. In the previous example, "the world" is compared to a stage, describing it with the attributes of "the stage"; "the world" is the tenor, and "a stage" is the vehicle; "men and women" is the secondary tenor, and "players" is the secondary vehicle.

Apollonius () of Athens—sometimes Apollonius of Naucratis—was a Greek sophist and rhetorician who lived in the time of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus, that is, the end of the 2nd century. Apollonius was a pupil of the sophists Adrianus and Chrestus. He distinguished himself by his forensic eloquence, and taught rhetoric at Athens at the same time with Heracleides. He was an opponent of Heracleides, and with the assistance of his associates he succeeded in expelling him from the chair of rhetoric in Athens.

Apollonius was afterward appointed by the emperor to the chair of rhetoric, with a salary of one talent. He held several high offices in his native place, and distinguished himself no less as a statesman and diplomatist than as a rhetorician. Apollonius cultivated chiefly political oratory, and used to spend a great deal of time upon preparing his speeches in retirement. His declamations are said to have excelled those of many of his predecessors in dignity, beauty, and propriety; but he was often vehement and rhythmical.

Once again in Rome, he was urban praetor around the year 127. These responsibilities had accrued to Clemens a degree of prominence in the "Cirtan community at Rome" Edward Champlin infers existed there; other members of this community included Quintus Lollius Urbicus, consul in either 135 or 136; Gaius Arrius Antoninus, consul around the year 170; and the rhetorician Fronto. Champlin notes that Lollius Urbicus and Pactumeius Clemens themselves "could provide powerful support for Cirtan interests, and such support is attested by strong circumstantial evidence."Champlin, Fronto and Antonine Rome (Cambridge: Harvard University, 1980), pp.

The geographer Strabo tells that this stood in the west of the city. Nothing now remains above ground, except the enormous Pompey's Pillar. According to Rowe and Rees 1956, accounts of Serapeum's still standing buildings they saw there have been left by Aphthonius, the Greek rhetorician of Antioch "who visited it about A.D. 315", and Rufinus, "a Christian who assisted at the destruction of [it] during the end of the fourth century"; the Pillar marks the "Acropolis" of the Serapeum in the account by Aphthonius, that is, "the upper part of the great Serapeum area".

55 In book XIII of his Deipnosophists, the Roman Greek rhetorician and grammarian Athenaeus, repeating assertions made by Diodorus Siculus in the 1st century BC (Bibliotheca historica 5:32), wrote that Celtic women were beautiful but that the men preferred to sleep together. Diodorus went further, stating that "the young men will offer themselves to strangers and are insulted if the offer is refused". Rankin argues that the ultimate source of these assertions is likely to be Posidonius and speculates that these authors may be recording male "bonding rituals".Rankin, p.

Baston was born, according to Pitts, of an illustrious race, and not far from Nottingham, where Bale tells us he was buried. He seems to have acquired a great reputation in his own age for elegant verses. At Oxford, says Pitts, he was not unworthily crowned with laurel as a rhetorician and a poet. He is said to have been taken to Scotland by Edward I to sing his praises at the siege of Stirling (1304); and, according to Bale, he is Trivet's authority for his story of Edward's rash approach to the beleaguered garrison.

Asterius of Amasea was the younger contemporary of Amphilochius of Iconium and the three great Cappadocian Fathers. Little is known about his life, except that he was educated by a Scythian slave. Like Amphilochius, he had been a lawyer before becoming bishop between 380 and 390 AD, and he brought the skills of the professional rhetorician to his sermons.Introduction to his sermons Sixteen homilies and panegyrics on the martyrs still exist, showing familiarity with the classics, and containing an unusual concentration of details of everyday life in his time.

The opening line, "You are a sophisticated rhetorician intoxicated by the exuberance of your own verbosity", that is spoken by Anthony when he emerges from the Easter egg, is an almost exact quotation from a speech in the Parliament of the United Kingdom given by British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli in 1878. Disraeli (who was referring to William Ewart Gladstone) used the word "inebriated" rather than "intoxicated".Institute for the Study of Western Civilization: The Long Century - Eminent victorians Anthony Gonsalves was also the name of the arranger for the famous music director Salil Chaudhary.

Lesbonax of Mytilene (), a Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the time of Caesar Augustus. According to Photius I of Constantinople he was the author of sixteen political speeches, of which two are extant, a hortatory speech after the style of Thucydides, and a speech on the Corinthian War. In the first he exhorts the Athenians against the Spartans, in the second (the title of which is misleading) against the Thebans (edition by F. Kiehr, Lesbonactis sophistae quae supersunt (Leipzig 1906). Some erotic letters are also attributed to him.

Diane Davis (born 5 or 15 July 1963) is a post-structuralist rhetorician and professor of Rhetoric and Writing, English, and Communication Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. She was the Director of the Digital Writing and Research Lab at UT from 2009 - 2017 and is now the chair of the Department of Rhetoric and Writing. She holds the Kenneth Burke Chair of Rhetoric and Philosophy at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland, where she teaches intensive summer seminars on Jacques Derrida and Emmanuel Levinas.

Polybius Ancient western thinkers who had thought about recurrence had largely been concerned with cosmological rather than historic recurrence (see "eternal return", or "eternal recurrence").G.W. Trompf, The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought, pp. 6-15. Western philosophers and historians who have discussed various concepts of historic recurrence include the Greek Hellenistic historian Polybius (ca 200 – ca 118 BCE), the Greek historian and rhetorician Dionysius of Halicarnassus (c. 60 BCE – after 7 BCE), Luke the Evangelist, Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527), Giambattista Vico (1668–1744), Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975).

The two provinces of Epirus, along with the provinces of Macedonia, Thessaly, and Achaia, became part of the diocese of Macedonia (capital Thessalonica). In 343, in the Acts of the Council of Sardica, we have the first mention by name of a bishop of Nicopolis, one Isidoros. In 361, newly appointed Consul and rhetorician Claudius Mamertinus delivered a panegyric to the young Emperor Julian (360–363), mentioning heavy taxation in Dalmatia and Epirus. He emphasised the destruction of some of the most important monuments while congratulating the Emperor for his restoration work.

Educators have noted the benefits of class size since classical times. Isocrates opened an academy of rhetoric in Athens around 392 B.C.E to train Athenian generals and statesmen, and he insisted on enrolling no more than six or eight students in his school at a time. Edward J. Power explains that Isocrates admitted "only a few students to his classes because of his extraordinary concern for care." Quintilian, a rhetorician writing in the Roman Empire around 100 CE, cited the practices in Isocrates' school as evidence that a caring education required small class sizes.

Charmadas (; also Charmides (Χαρμίδης); 168/7 – 103/91 BC) was an Academic philosopher and a disciple of Carneades at the Academy in Athens. He was a pupil of Carneades for seven years (145-138) and later he led his own school in the Ptolemaion, a gymnasium in Athens. He was from Alexandria and seems to have lived there, before he went to Athens around 145 B.C. He was an excellent rhetorician and famous for his outstanding memory. Like Philo of Larissa he seems to have pursued a more moderate scepticism.

He was a subtle rhetorician and remains to this day one of the finest in the Scots language. Although his writing usually incorporated a typically medieval didactic purpose, it also has much in common with other artistic currents of northern Europe which were generally developing, such as the realism of Flemish painting, the historical candour of Barbour or the narrative scepticism of Chaucer. An example is his subtle use of psychology to convey individual character in carefully dramatised, recognisable daily-life situations which tend to eschew fantastic elements. west door of Dunfermline Abbey.

Damascius was born in Damascus in Syria, whence he derived his name: his Syrian name is unknown. In his early youth he went to Alexandria, where he spent twelve years partly as a pupil of Theon, a rhetorician, and partly as a professor of rhetoric. He was then convinced by his teacher Isidore to shift his focus to philosophy and science, and studied under Hermias and his sons, Ammonius and Heliodorus. Later on in life he migrated to Athens and continued his studies under Marinus, the mathematician, Zenodotus, and Isidore, the dialectician.

Frontispiece of a 1720 edition of the Institutio Oratoria, showing Quintilan teaching rhetoric Institutio Oratoria (English: Institutes of Oratory) is a twelve-volume textbook on the theory and practice of rhetoric by Roman rhetorician Quintilian. It was written around year 95 AD. The work deals also with the foundational education and development of the orator himself. In this work, Quintilian establishes that the perfect orator is first a good man, and after that he is a good speaker . He also believed that a speech should stay genuine to a message that is "just and honorable" .

The style of Valerius's writings seems to indicate that he was a professional rhetorician; and his writing represents much of the worst rhetorical tendencies of the Silver Latin age. Direct and simple statement is avoided and novelty pursued at any price, producing a clumsy obscurity.H J Rose, A Handbook of Latin Literature (London 1966) p. 356 The diction is like that of poetry; the uses of words are strained; metaphors are invented; there are startling contrasts, innuendoes and epithets; variations are played upon grammatical and rhetorical figures of speech.

Aelius Antipater or Antipater of Hierapolis (; fl. AD 200) was a Greek sophist and rhetorician. He was a son of Zeuxidemus, and a pupil of Adrianus, Pollux, and Zeno. In his orations, both extempore and written, some of which are mentioned by Philostratus, Antipater was not superior to his contemporaries, but in the art of writing letters he is said to have excelled all others, and for this reason the emperor Severus made him his private secretary and tutor (ab epistulis) of his two sons Caracalla and Geta.

Rhetorical Triangle Aristotle established the classic triad of ethos, pathos and logos (the Aristotelian triad of appeals) that serves as the foundation of the rhetorical triangle. The rhetorical triangle has evolved from its original, sophistic model into what rhetorician, Sharon Crowley, describes as the "postmodern" rhetorical triangle, the rhetorical tetrahedron. The expanded rhetorical triangle now emphasizes context by integrating situational elements. The original version includes only 3 points: the writer/speaker (ethos), the audience (pathos), and the message itself (logos), as shown in the bottom image to the right.

Disraeli then asked who would enter an insane convention: English gentlemen "honoured by the favour of their Sovereign and the confidence of their fellow-subjects" or "a sophistical rhetorician, inebriated with the exuberance of his own verbosity, and gifted with an egotistical imagination that can at all times command an interminable and inconsistent series of arguments to malign an opponent and to glorify himself?"Monypenny and Buckle, pp. 1228–9. The House of Commons endorsed the Treaty with a majority of 143; it passed without division in the House of Lords.Monypenny and Buckle, p. 1230.

Everardus Alemannus or Teutonicus, also Everard or Eberhard the German, was a German cleric, scholar, grammarian, rhetorician, university professor (magister), rector, and poet. His greatest work was a Latin poem entitled Laborintus ("Labyrinth"). It is a didactic work that endeavours to teach grammar and the finer points of poetic composition: metre, rhyme, and, most importantly, the various forms of medieval hexameter. Its modern editor, Edmond Faral, in Les arts poétiques du XIIe et du XIIIe siècle (Paris, 1924), dated it no later than 1280 and earlier than 1208-1213\.

Peter Babyon, or Babyo, or Babion, (fl. 1317 - 1366), was an English poet and divine in the reign of Edward II, He was educated from his earliest youth in the literae humaniores by masters of approved ability and long experience. He practised so diligently both prose and verse writing that he soon became an elegant poet and most adept rhetorician. When speaking of him as a poet, John Pits says that he was chiefly remarkable for talents which are rarely found in combination — Ingenium felix, inventio, lucidus ordo, Gratia, majestas, ad rem bene congrua verba.

Maximus of Tyre (; fl. late 2nd century AD), also known as Cassius Maximus Tyrius, was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher who lived in the time of the Antonines and Commodus, and who belongs to the trend of the Second Sophistic. His writings contain many allusions to the history of Greece, while there is little reference to Rome; hence it is inferred that he lived longer in Greece, perhaps as a professor at Athens. Although nominally a Platonist, he is really an Eclectic and one of the precursors of Neoplatonism.

As a suicide, he appears as one of the damned in the Woods of Suicide in Dante's Inferno, Circle VII, Ring II, Canto XIII: Violent against the self: suicides and profligates. Della Vigna reveals his identity to the travelers Dante and Virgil: "I am himself that held both keys of Frederick's heart / to lock and unlock and well I knew / to turn them with so exquisite an art." Dante's portrayal of della Vigna emphasises his skill as a rhetorician. His syntax is complex and tangled, like the thornbushes.

De schoonheid van het lijden The Martyrdom of Saint Dorothea, central panel Van der Baren was an active participant in Leuven's rhetorician circles, which were responsible for the production of theatre performances. His brother held the leading position of the prince in the local chamber of rhetoric De Roos (The Rose). Josse van der Baren was a friend of Justus Lipsius (1547-1606), the eminent philologist and humanist who resided and taught in Leuven. Lipsius composed the epitath on the tombstone of the five-year-old son of van Baren who died in 1605.

Potamon (around 65 BC–around AD 25) was a rhetorician in the Greek city of Mytilene who was active around the same time of Lesbocles. When his son was killed, according to Seneca the Elder, he delivered a speech on the suasoria relating to the Spartans deliberating whether to flee Thermopylae wherein he exhorted the Spartans against flight, in contrast to his rival Lesbocles, who shut down his school of rhetoric after the death of his son. His city sent him on embassies to Rome in 45 and 25 BC.

Nazarius, (fl. 4th century CE), was a Roman and a Latin rhetorician and panegyrist. He was, according to Ausonius, a professor of rhetoric at Burdigala (Bordeaux). The extant speech of which he is undoubtedly the author (in R.A.B. Mynors, XII Panegyrici Latini, Oxford 1964, No. 4; English translation in C.E.V. Nixon / Barbara Rodgers, In Praise of Later Roman Emperors, Berkeley 1994) was delivered in 321 CE to celebrate the fifteenth anniversary of the accession of Constantine the Great, and the fifth of his son Constantine's admission to the rank of Caesar.

Karl Wilhelm Piderit (20 March 1815, in Witzenhausen - 27 May 1875, in Hanau) was a German classical philologist and educator. From 1833 he studied at the University of Marburg, receiving his doctorate with a dissertation on the rhetorician Hermagoras of Temnos, titled Commentatio De Hermagora rhetora. In 1837 he became an apprentice-teacher at the gymnasium in Hersfeld, and two years later began teaching classes at a grammar school in Marburg. In 1844 he returned to Hersfeld as a teacher, and from 1850 performed similar duties at the gymnasium in Kassel.

Timotheus (in Greek Tιμoθεoς, Timotheos; died 338 BC) was son of Clearchus, the tyrant of Heraclea on the Euxine (Black Sea). After the death of his father in 353 BC, he succeeded to the sovereignty, under the guardianship, at first, of his uncle Satyrus, and held the rule for fifteen years. There is extant a letter addressed to him by Isocrates, in which the rhetorician commends him for his good qualities, gives him some very common-place advice, and recommends to his notice a friend of his, named Autocrator, the bearer of the epistle.Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca, xvi.

The family of Marcellus had their roots in Teate Marrucinorum on the east side of Italy; his father was probably named Gaius Vitorius.Anthony Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, revised edition (London: Routledge, 1988), p. 18 Marcellus received his education from the famous rhetorician, Quintilian, who dedicated his Institutio Oratoria to Marcellus, hoping "my treatise seemed likely to be of use for the instruction of your son, whose early age shows his way clear to the full splendor of genius."Institutio, I.6 Anthony Birley identifies Lucius Septimius Severus, the grandfather of the emperor Septimius Severus, as one of his classmates.

Shortly after he registered with the Bruges Guild of Saint Luke, Pieter Pourbus married Anna, the youngest daughter of painter Lancelot Blondeel. His marriage to the daughter of an established artist lacking any male heirs became very important for his reputation and further career as a painter.Abels, in: de Beyer & de Fauw (2018), page 34 In 1545 or 1546, Pourbus' son, Frans ('the Elder'), was born, who later became a prominent artist in his own right. Pourbus became a member of the Crossbowmen's Guild of St George and often visited the rhetorician meetings organised by the Chamber of the Holy Spirit.

John of Gaza wrote two anacreontic poems that he says he presented publicly on "the day of the roses", and declamations by the Christian rhetorician ProcopiusNot the historian. and poetry by Choricius of Gaza are also set at rose-days.Westberg, "The Rite of Spring," in Plotting with Eros, p. 189: ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν ῥόδων; Talgam, "The Ekphrasis Eikonos of Procopius," p. 223. Roses were in general part of the imagery of Early Christian funerary art,Robin M. Jensen, "Christian Art," in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome (Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 93.

Valerius Aedituus was a Roman poet of the 1st century BCE. He is known for his epigrams; otherwise there is very little information, what there is being in the form of literary references.From : In the ninth chapter of the nineteenth book of the Noctes Atticae a certain rhetorician Julianus, when challenged to point out anything in the Latin language worthy of being compared with the graceful effusions of Anacreon, and other bards of that class among the Greeks, quotes two short epigrams by Valerius Aedituus, who is simply described as " veteris poetae," one by Porcius Licinius, and one by Quintus Catulus.

Psellos was universally educated and had a reputation for being one of the most learned men of his time. He prided himself on having single-handedly reintroduced to Byzantine scholarship a serious study of ancient philosophy, especially of Plato. His predilection for Plato and other pagan (often Neoplatonic) philosophers led to doubts about the orthodoxy of his faith among some of his contemporaries, and at one point he was forced to make a public profession of faith in his defense. He also prided himself on being a master of rhetoric, combining the wisdom of the philosopher and the persuasiveness of the rhetorician.

Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8 December 65 – 27 November 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace (), was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as just about the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."Quintilian 10.1.96. The only other lyrical poet Quintilian thought comparable with Horace was the now obscure poet/metrical theorist, Caesius Bassus (R.

He had to be very sensitive to local interests in places where he conducted business. He had to know how to assess the political situation and the customary laws in order to successfully conduct his business. Kotruljević wrote in his bookkeeping and merchandising trade manual that not only must a merchant be a bookkeeper-accountant, but that he must also be a good writer, a rhetorician and a man of letters being diplomatic all the while.Markets of the Mediterranean He contrasted the "Perfect Merchant" to sailors and soldiers by saying that they were many times naive of these points.

A lion keeps watch on a field in which two, three or four bulls are grazing. Knowing that they will group together to defend each other, the lion sows enmity between them so that they separate and he is able to kill them one by one. Early versions of the fable are in Greek, beginning with Babrius,Fable 42 and there is a later latinised version by Avianus.Fable 18 In the 4th century CE the rhetorician Themistius introduced a variant in which it is a fox that brings discord so that the lion can profit from it.

Haushofer's theory of international politics were said to have helped justify the Holocaust. Walsh was strongly anti-Communist, informed in part by his famine relief work in 1922. Walsh became widely known as an anti- Communist author and rhetorician, so much so that he was rumored, falsely, to have been the man who first convinced Senator McCarthy that Communists had infiltrated the U.S. government and entertainment industry, and that he should use the anti-Communist issue in order to gain political prominence. O'Neill, Paul R. and Paul K. Williams, "Georgetown University" Walsh vigorously promoted anti-Communist thought throughout his career.

65 In the 4th century, the Greek rhetorician Libanius reported that the school attracted young students from affluent families and deplored the school's instructional use of Latin, which was gradually abandoned in favor of Greek in the course of the century.Collinet 1925, p. 39Clark 2011, p. 36Rochette 1997 pp. 168, 174Sadowski 2010 pp. 211–216 By the 5th century, Beirut had established its leading position and repute among the Empire's law schools; its teachers were highly regarded and played a chief role in the development of legal learning in the East to the point that they were dubbed “ecumenical masters”.Jolowicz 1972, p.

After this he was silent on astronomical matters for several years. However Virginio Cesarini wrote to him asking for his views on the 1618 comets, as did Archduke Leopold of Austria and Domenico Bonsi, who wrote to him that the court mathematicians of Louis XIII of France all wanted to know his opinion on the phenomenon. Galileo had not observed the comets as he was unwell in the autumn of 1618. However he learned that the Collegio Romano had held four lectures on the comets, respectively by a theologian, a mathematician, a philosopher and a rhetorician.

Most of Lucian's account of Demonax is filled with pithy sayings in order to illustrate Demonax's wit. Long lists of anecdotes (known as chreia), were often collected concerning philosophers, especially Cynic philosophers, in order to demonstrate their character and wit: > When he once had a winter voyage to make, a friend asked how he liked the > thought of being capsized and becoming food for fishes. "I should be very > unreasonable to mind giving them a meal, considering how many they have > given me."Lucian, Demonax, 34-35 > To a rhetorician who had given a very poor declamation he recommended > constant practice.

English rhetorician I.A. Richards has argued that the lack of a word for spirituality in Sanskrit makes it possible for the concept to be used in a nationalist capacity that transcends individual traditions. Mohandas Gandhi's principle in establishing Indian National Spirituality was that each person could discover a universal truth in the Indian struggle with British colonialism. His vision of Indian National Spirituality transcended the bounds of individual religious traditions, to enact a shared nationalist fervour in the fight for independence. Gandhi's Indian National Spirituality was an adaption of Hindu tradition in light of Western thought proposed an independent India to operate within.

Peter David Shore, Baron Shore of Stepney, PC (20 May 1924 – 24 September 2001) was a British Labour politician and former Cabinet Minister, noted in part for his opposition to the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community. His idiosyncratic left-wing nationalism led to comparison with the French politician Jean-Pierre Chevènement. He was described in an obituary by the Conservative journalist Patrick Cosgrave as "Between Harold Wilson and Tony Blair, the only possible Labour Party leader of whom a Conservative leader had cause to walk in fear" and, along with Enoch Powell, "the most captivating rhetorician of the age".

Aristotle, Rhetoric, 3.8.5. This was of special importance to orators (and in particular forensic orators) for whom, while the use of rhythmic elements was thought to produce memorable and moving speech, the use of the less obvious paeonic rhythm was thought to help them seem less contrived and thus more sincere, rendering their speech more effective. According to the Roman rhetorician Quintilian: :Above all it is necessary to conceal the care expended upon it so that our rhythms may seem to possess a spontaneous flow, not to have been the result of elaborate search or compulsion.Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, 9.5.147.

There is currently (2004) no clear indication when reindeer-raising started, perhaps about 500 AD, but tax tributes were raised in the 16th century. Since the 16th century, Samis have always paid taxes in monetary currency, and some historians have proposed that large scale husbandry is not older than from this period. Lapponia (1673), written by the rhetorician Johannes Schefferus, is the oldest source of detailed information on Sámi culture. It was written due to "ill-natured" foreign propaganda (in particular from Germany) claiming that Sweden had won victories on the battlefield by means of Sámi magic.

Rorty argues, "the deliberative rhetorician who wishes to retain his reputation as trustworthy must pay attention to what is, in fact, actually likely to happen." Additionally, Aristotle focuses on deliberative rhetoric so heavily because "it most clearly reveals the primary importance of truth as it functions within the craft of rhetoric itself." A path to action is determined through deliberative rhetoric, since an individual following practical means is likely to foresee likely events and act accordingly. In interpreting Aristotle's work on use of rhetoric, Bernard Yack discusses the vast need for public discourse and public reasoning.

Gaius Blossius (; 2nd century BC) was, according to Plutarch, a philosopher and student of the Stoic philosopher Antipater of Tarsus, from the city of Cumae in Campania, Italy, who (along with the Greek rhetorician, Diophanes) instigated Roman tribune Tiberius Gracchus to pursue a land reform movement on behalf of the plebs. Tiberius was accused by his political opponents of attempting to provoke a popular uprising, and have himself crowned King. Eventually, he was assassinated, and his body thrown into the river Tiber. After the death of Tiberius Gracchus, Blossius was interrogated by the consuls on the matter.

Many tombs passed for those of Charlemagne's gallant knights and others were honored as the resting-places of Veronica and Benedicta. At the other extremity of the city, Benedictines drained and filled in the marshes of L'Eau-Bourde and founded there the monastery of Sainte-Croix. While thus surrounded by evidence of Christian conquest, the academic Bordeaux of the Merovingian period continued to cherish the memory of its former school of eloquence, whose chief glories had been the poet Ausonius (310–395) and St Paulinus (353–431), who had been a rhetorician at Bordeaux and died Bishop of Nola.

Armenians in Italy have had a presence since ancient Roman times. Teacher and rhetorician Prohaeresius was sent by the Emperor to Rome, where he became an object of popular veneration, culminating in the erection of his statue, which bore the inscription Regina rerum Roma, Regi Eloquentiae i.e. "(from) Rome, the queen of cities, to the king of eloquence".Armenians in Italy Justinian's Armenian general Narses successfully attacked resistance to Roman rule wherever it was located and remained a celebrated governor of Venice. Later, in the 9th-10th centuries, a great number of Armenians moved to Italy from Thrace and Macedonia.

As a pupil of the rhetorician Isocrates he was not above embroidering his narrative with believable circumstantial detail. Oswyn Murray remarked, "His style and completeness, unfortunately, made him rather popular, but at least he stands out as one who had thought about the purposes that history should serve, and got them wrong."Murray1988:193. The Hellenica of Theopompus, another pupil of Isocrates, was a continuation of Thucydides. Yet another, fragmentary Hellenica found in papyrus at Oxyrhynchus, is known as Hellenica Oxyrhynchia; it covered events from 411 to the year of the Battle of Cnidus, 395/4 BCE.

By profession, De Swaen was a surgeon; he also formed part of the judicature. But he was also a member of the Dunkirk chamber of rhetoric, the Carsouwe, also known as Sint Michiel (Saint Michael was their patron saint); the chamber of the Kassouwieren (different ways of spelling for instance De Kersauwe are found; the word descends from the Dutch kersouw or daisy). Anne-Laure van Bruaene, "Repertorium van rederijkerskamers in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden en Luik 1400-1650", dbnl.org Michiel de Swaen, as a rhetorician, was befriended by rhetoricians from the region coming from cities such as Diksmuide and Ieper.

Philitas was the first writer whose works represent the combination of qualities now regarded as Hellenistic: variety, scholarship, and use of Homeric sources in non-epic works. He directly influenced the major Hellenistic poets Callimachus and Apollonius of Rhodes. His poetry was mentioned or briefly quoted by Callimachus and by other ancient authors, and his poetic reputation endured for at least three centuries, as Augustan poets identified his name with great elegiac writing. Propertius linked him to Callimachus with the following well- known couplet: The 1st-century AD rhetorician Quintilian ranked Philitas second only to Callimachus among the elegiac poets.

After this departure, the Eglantier appointed Theodore Rodenburgh chairman. But in 1630 Het Wit Lavendel and the Duytsche Academie merged and only two years later, on July 7, 1632, the burgomasters of Amsterdam merged this chamber of rhetoric with the Eglantier into a new chamber of rhetoric, named the Amsterdamsche Kamer, but in sources it also appears under the names De Vergulden Byekorf, Bloeyende Eglantier and Academie, with the motto "Through fervor in love, flourishing". Not every rhetorician agreed with the merger, and Jan Harmensz. Krul founded the Musijckkamer in 1634, which however went bankrupt a year later, in 1635.

In the first, Fronto petitions for his help in getting a position for the rhetorician Antoninus Aquila.Fronto, Ad Amicos I.7; translated by C.R. Haines, The Correspondence of Marcus Cornelius Fronto (London: Heineman, 1919), vol. 2 pp. 169f In the second, Fronto updates Victorinus about his two sons, whom Victorinus had left with Fronto while in Germania Superior.Fronto, Ad Amicos I.12; translated by Haines, Correspondence, vol. 2 pp. 171f After his tenure in Germania Superior, Victorinus became governor of Dacia (168/9), then Hispania Baetica (probably 170/1) and Hispania Tarraconensis (171-172).Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand, p.

Apollodorus () of Pergamon was a rhetorician of ancient Greece who was the author of a school of rhetoric called after him Apollodoreios Hairesis (Ἀπολλοδωρειος αἵρεσις), which was subsequently opposed by the school established by Theodorus of Gadara (Θεοδώρειος αἵρεσις). In his advanced age Apollodorus taught rhetoric at Apollonia, and here the young future Roman emperor Augustus was one of his pupils and became his friend.Strabo, Geographica xiii. p.625Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Augustus 89 The geographer Strabo ascribes to him scientific works (τέχνας) on rhetoric, but Quintilian on the authority of Apollodorus himself declares only one of the works ascribed to him as genuine,Quintilian, 3.1.

Oxford University Press. 17 February 2011 Thucydides, a Greek historian of the Peloponnesian War, writes that the Spartan king Pleistoanax lived on Mt. Lykaion while in exile from the mid-440s BC until 427, where he built a house straddling the sacred region (temenos) of Zeus to avoid further persecution.Thucydides 5.16.3 In his Stratagems, the 2nd-century Macedonian rhetorician Polyaenus describes a battle between the Spartans and Demetrius of Macedon in 294 BC. Mt. Lykaion extended between the camps of the two sides, causing some consternation among the Macedonians due to their unfamiliarity with the terrain. Nevertheless, Demetrius’ forces won the battle with relative ease.

Although the story of a wolf disguised as a sheep has been counted as one of Aesop's Fables in modern times, there is no record of a fable with this precise theme before the Middle Ages, although there are earlier fables of Aesop in Greek sources to which the Gospel parable might allude. The first fable concerning a wolf that disguises itself in a sheep's skin is told by the 12th-century Greek rhetorician Nikephoros Basilakis in a work called Progymnasmata (rhetorical exercises). It is prefaced with the comment that 'You can get into trouble by wearing a disguise' and is followed by the illustrative story.

Socrates gets Gorgias to agree that the rhetorician is actually more convincing in front of an ignorant audience than an expert, because mastery of the tools of persuasion gives a man more conviction than mere facts. Gorgias accepts this criticism and asserts that it is an advantage of his profession that a man can be considered above specialists without having to learn anything of substance (459c). Socrates calls rhetoric a form of flattery, or pandering, and compares it to pastry baking and self-adorning (kommōtikōn). He says that rhetoric is to politics what pastry baking is to medicine, and what cosmetics are to gymnastics.

Socrates argues that just penalties discipline people, make them more just, and cure them of their evil ways (478d). Wrongdoing is second among evils, but wrongdoing and getting away with it is the first and greatest of evils (479d). It follows from this, that if a man does not want to have a festering and incurable tumour growing in his soul, he needs to hurry himself to a judge upon realising that he has done something wrong. Socrates posits that the rhetorician should accuse himself first, and then do his family and friends the favour of accusing them, so great is the curative power of justice (480c–e).

Plato depicts Clitophon as a close associate with the sophistic rhetorician Thrasymachus and the orator Lysias. Clitophon assists the former in Book 1 of Plato's Republic, positing a brief but significant relativistic argument that the advantage of the stronger is identical to whatever the stronger believes it to be. In the potentially apocryphal Platonic dialogue that bears his name he appears as a disgruntled student of Socrates, whom he attacks for the impracticality of, and lack of positive knowledge found in, the Socratic method. The comedic playwright Aristophanes also paired Clitophon alongside Theramenes and parodied the two for their political fickleness in the Frogs.

Julian certainly had a clear idea of what he wanted Roman society to be, both in political as well as religious terms. The terrible and violent dislocation of the 3rd century meant that the Eastern Mediterranean had become the economic locus of the Empire. If the cities were treated as relatively autonomous local administrative areas, it would simplify the problems of imperial administration, which as far as Julian was concerned, should be focused on the administration of the law and defense of the empire's vast frontiers. In replacing Constantius's political and civil appointees, Julian drew heavily from the intellectual and professional classes, or kept reliable holdovers, such as the rhetorician Themistius.

69 – after 122 CE) wrote of Tiberius that: : ...even in his boyhood, his cruel and cold nature did not lie hidden. Theodorus of Gadara was his teacher of rhetoric and, in all his wisdom, seems to have been the first to have understood Tiberius and to have capped him with a very pithy saying when he taunted Tiberius, calling him 'Mud kneaded with blood'... .Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Tiberius (57) His other well-known pupil was Greek rhetorician Hermagoras of Temnos, who later taught oratory in Rome. Theodorus was one of the two most famous rhetoric teachers of the time, the other being Apollodorus of Pergamon.

He was a co-founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1783 and co-founder of Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1792. At the University of Glasgow he was a pioneer of collaborative learning;Lynée Lewis Gaillet, A Foreshadowing of Modern Theories and Practices of Collaborative Learning: The Work of Scottish Rhetorician George Jardine. (1992)(PDF). See also the same author's A Genesis of Writing Program Administration: George Jardine at the University of Glasgow in Historical Studies of Writing Program Administration: Individuals, Communities, and the Formation of a Discipline (2004) editors Barbara L'Eplattenier and Lisa Mastrangelo, , , . he wrote up his method in a book.

Closely related with analysis, interpretation widens the scope of the examination to include the historical and cultural context of the artifact. A rhetorician should, at this point, draw comparisons with other established works of rhetoric to determine how well the artifact fits into a particular category or if it redefines the constraints of that category as well as how the elements illuminate the motivation and perspectives of a rhetor. Rhetorical criticism can then be broken into judgment and understanding. Judgment is concerned with determining the effectiveness of the information and the strategies of presentation that leads to the success or failure of the artifact.

One of Claudel's figures, The Implorer, was produced as an edition of its own and has been interpreted not as purely autobiographical but as an even more powerful representation of change and purpose in the human condition.The different scales, the different modes of plasticity, and gender-representation, of the three figures which make up this important group, enable a more universal thematic and metaphoric stylistics related to the ages of existence, childhood, maturity, and the perspective of the transcendent (v. Angela Ryan, "Camille Claudel: the Artist as Heroinic Rhetorician." Irish Women's Studies Review vol 8: Making a Difference: Women and the Creative Arts. (December 2002): 13–28).

Also, in his humanistic philosophy and its explication and embrace of the secular and civic life, Petrarch showed himself to be more of a "grammarian than that of a rhetorician"Witt, 2000, p. 243 much like Lovato. Among one of the most important ideas of the humanistic philosophy of the specific period was a desire to lead the good life, understood in the sense of being happy and contribute to the world around oneself. The idea of deeply engaging with matters of faith was not an important part of the philosophy of the humanistic tradition, unlike that of the many periods which came before it.

Eustathios Makrembolites (), Latinized as Eustathius Macrembolites, was a Byzantine revivalist of the Greek romance, flourished in the second half of the 12th century CE. He is sometimes equated with his contemporary, the Eparch of the City Eumathios Makrembolites (). His title Protonobilissimus shows him to have been a person of distinction and, if he is also correctly described in the manuscripts as chief keeper of the ecclesiastical archives, he must have been a Christian. He was the author of a Byzantine novel, The Story of Hysmine and Hysminias, in eleven books. Although he borrowed from Homer and other Attic poets, the chief source of his phraseology was the rhetorician Choricius of Gaza.

His Latin style was greatly admired by Erasmus, who also praised Linacre's critical judgment ("vir non-exacti tantum sed severi judicii"). According to others it was hard to say whether he was more distinguished as a grammarian or a rhetorician. Of Greek he was regarded as a consummate master; and he was equally eminent as a "philosopher", that is, as learned in the works of the ancient philosophers and naturalists. In this there may have been some exaggeration; but all have acknowledged the elevation of Linacre's character, and the fine moral qualities summed up in the epitaph written by John Caius: "Fraudes dolosque mire perosus; fidus amicis; omnibus ordinibus juxta carus".

Marcus Terentius Varro, whom the rhetorician Quintilian called "the most learned man among the Romans,"Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 10.1.95. wrote extensively on such topics as grammar, geography, religion, law and science, but only his agricultural treatise De re rustica (or Rerum rusticarum libri) has survived in its entirety. While there is evidence that he borrowed some of this material from Cato's work, Varro credits the lost multi-volume work of Mago the Carthaginian, as well as the Greek writers Aristotle, Theophrastus and Xenophon. Varro's treatise is written as a dialogue and divided into three parts, the first of which contains most of the discussion on wine and viticulture.

Giambattista Vico (born Giovan Battista Vico ; ; 23 June 1668 – 23 January 1744) was an Italian political philosopher and rhetorician, historian and jurist of the Age of Enlightenment. He criticized the expansion and development of modern rationalism, was an apologist for Classical Antiquity (a precursor of systematic and complex thought), finding Cartesian analysis and other types of reductionism impractical to daily life, and was the first expositor of the fundamentals of social science and of semiotics. The Latin aphorism Verum esse ipsum factum ("What is true is precisely what is made") coined by Vico is an early instance of constructivist epistemology.Ernst von Glasersfeld, An Introduction to Radical Constructivism.

Vico's objection to modern rhetoric is that it is disconnected from common sense (sensus communis), defined as the "worldly sense" that is common to all men. In lectures and throughout the body of his work, Vico's rhetoric begins from a central argument (medius terminus), which is to be clarified by following the order of things as they arise in our experience. Probability and circumstance retain their proportionate importance, and discovery—reliant upon topics (loci)—supersedes axioms derived through reflective, abstract thought. In the tradition of classical Roman rhetoric, Vico sets out to educate the orator (rhetorician) as the transmitter of the oratio, a speech with ratio (reason) at the centre.

Lawyer and bioethicist Wesley J. Smith ridiculed the feasibility of the Terasem Movement Foundation's claims to offer a free service that can "preserve one's individual consciousness so that it remains viable for possible uploading with consciousness software into a cellular regenerated or bionanotechnological body by future medicine and technology". Smith facetiously questioned whether this offer would be followed by the sale of "longevity products". Rhetorician and technocritic Dale Carrico harshly criticized Rothblatt's writings for promoting what he argues to be the pseudoscience of mind uploading and the techno-utopianism of the Californian Ideology. Carrico later criticized Rothblatt's claims about digital technology and "mindclones" as being nothing more than wishful thinking.

Other major Greek authors of the Empire include the biographer and antiquarian Plutarch, the geographer Strabo, and the rhetorician and satirist Lucian. Popular Greek romance novels were part of the development of long-form fiction works, represented in Latin by the Satyricon of Petronius and The Golden Ass of Apuleius. From the 2nd to the 4th centuries, the Christian authors who would become the Latin Church Fathers were in active dialogue with the Classical tradition, within which they had been educated. Tertullian, a convert to Christianity from Roman Africa, was the contemporary of Apuleius and one of the earliest prose authors to establish a distinctly Christian voice.

In New England and at Harvard College (founded 1636), Ramus and his followers dominated, as Perry Miller shows in The New England Mind: The Seventeenth Century (Harvard University Press, 1939). However, in England, several writers influenced the course of rhetoric during the 17th century, many of them carrying forward the dichotomy that had been set forth by Ramus and his followers during the preceding decades. Of greater importance is that this century saw the development of a modern, vernacular style that looked to English, rather than to Greek, Latin, or French models. Francis Bacon (1561–1626), although not a rhetorician, contributed to the field in his writings.

First educated by a Jew from Perigord, Albalia went on to the academy in Lucena, where he struck up a close friendship with Me'ir ibn Migash, father of Joseph ibn Migash, and then settled in Granada. When barely thirty years old Albalia began to write Kupat ha-Rokhlim ("The Store of the Merchant"), a commentary on the Talmud. He was a close friend of Samuel ha-Nagid, whose son Jehoseph ha-Nagid became Albalia's patron, to whom he dedicated his 1065 astronomical work Maḥberet Sod ha-Ibbur ("The Secret of Intercalation"), on the principles of the Jewish calendar. According to Moses ibn Ezra, Albalia was also a poet and rhetorician.

108, 113 Gregory's parents had suffered persecution for their faith: he writes that they "had their goods confiscated for confessing Christ."Lowther Clarke, W.K., The Life of St. Macrina, (London: SPCK, 1916) Gregory's paternal grandmother, Macrina the Elder. is also revered as a saintMaspero & Mateo Seco, p. 104 and his maternal grandfather was a martyr, as Gregory put it "killed by Imperial wrath" under the persecution of the Roman Emperor Maximinus II.Gregory Nazianzen, Oration, 43.5-6 Between the 320's to the early 340's the family rebuilt its fortunes, with Gregory's father working in the city of Neocaesarea as an advocate and rhetorician.

Around 1875 Sen was involved in a public controversy with Annette Akroyd a prominent feminist and social reformer who had sailed to India in October 1872. Akroyd was shocked by her discussions with Sen and felt that Sen, the rhetorician of women's education in England was a typical Hindu obscurantist back home in India, trying to keep knowledge from the minds of women. This dispute spilled into the native press and had its impact on the Bethune School. Akroyd was also dismayed with Sen's associates such as Bijoy Krishna Goswami, Aghore Nath Gupta and Gour Govinda Ray who were traditionally Hindu in educational background and resisting the education of women in British India.

James Romm, Ghost On The Throne 410 Agnonides then induced the Athenians to sentence Phocion to death as a traitor, for his role as one of the oligarchs of Athens, installed by Antipater, and for allowing the port of Piraeus to fall into the hands of Nicanor.Plutarch, Phocion 33, 35Cornelius Nepos, Phocion 3 On behalf of the Assembly, he travelled to Polysperchon to argue against leniency being shown to Phocion. After Phocion was executed, the Athenians came to regret their conduct towards him, and put Agnonides to death to appease his manes.Plutarch, Phocion 38 Agnonides was at times considered to have been the same person as the rhetorician named Agnon, but this identification is debated.

Plutarch writes that Cicero was urged to change this deprecatory name when he entered politics, but refused, saying that he would make Cicero more glorious than Scaurus ("Swollen-ankled") and Catulus ("Puppy").Plutarch, Cicero 1.3–5 The Young Cicero Reading by Vincenzo Foppa (fresco, 1464), now at the Wallace Collection During this period in Roman history, "cultured" meant being able to speak both Latin and Greek. Cicero was therefore educated in the teachings of the ancient Greek philosophers, poets and historians; as he obtained much of his understanding of the theory and practice of rhetoric from the Greek poet ArchiasEveritt, A.:"Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome's Greatest Politician" (2001) p.34 and from the Greek rhetorician Apollonius.

Magnus Felix Ennodius (473 or 47417 July 521 AD) was Bishop of Pavia in 514, and a Latin rhetorician and poet. He was one of four Gallo-Roman aristocrats of the fifth to sixth-century whose letters survive in quantity: the others are Sidonius Apollinaris, prefect of Rome in 468 and bishop of Clermont (died 485), Ruricius bishop of Limoges (died 507) and Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus, bishop of Vienne (died 518). All of them were linked in the tightly bound aristocratic Gallo-Roman network that provided the bishops of Catholic Gaul.Ralph W. Mathisen, "Epistolography, Literary Circles and Family Ties in Late Roman Gaul" Transactions of the American Philological Association 111 (1981), pp. 95-109.

Robert J. White) There follows a lengthy and minute recitation of the divinatory significance of having sex with one's mother in various sexual positions. The first three books of the Oneirocritica are dedicated to one Cassius Maximus, usually identified with the rhetorician Maximus of Tyre, and were intended to serve as a detailed introduction for both diviners and the general public. Books four and five were written for Artemidorus' son, also named Artemidorus, to give him a leg- up on competitors, and Artemidorus cautions him about making copies. According to the Suda,Suda α 4025 Artemidorus also penned a Oiônoscopica (Interpretation of Birds) and a Chiroscopica (Palmistry), but neither has survived, and the authorship is discounted.

The tribune Saturninus proposed a law to exile Metellus Numidicus. Rather than face a confrontation between Saturninus' and his own supporters, who were prepared to defend him by force, Metellus departed into exile voluntarily, spending a year in Rhodes. He was accompanied into exile by a rhetorician, Lucius Aelius Praeconinus or Stilo, and pursued his study of philosophy while in Rhodes. Following the death of Saturninus and an electoral reverse for the popular party, the new tribune, Quintus Calidius, proposed to allow Metellus' return to Rome in 99 BC. His son, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius gained the cognomen Pius thanks to his faithful efforts in support of Calidius' proposal, which duly carried.

Thus, while Gadamer would judge prudence based on the execution of contingent principles, Jasinski would examine the artistry of communication in its cultural milieu between accommodation (compromise) and audacity (courage). In his study of Machiavelli, examining the relationship between prudence and moderation, rhetorician Eugene Garver holds that there is a middle ground between "an ethics of principles, in which those principles univocally dictate action" and "an ethics of consequences, in which the successful result is all". His premise stems from Aristotle's theory of virtue as an "intermediate", in which moderation and compromise embody prudence. Yet, because valorizing moderation is not an active response, prudence entails the "transformation of moderation" into a fitting response, making it a flexible situational norm.

It is debatable whether Thales actually was the teacher of Anaximander, but there is no doubt that Anaximander was influenced by Thales' theory that everything is derived from water. One thing that is not debatable is that even the ancient Greeks considered Anaximander to be from the Monist school which began in Miletus, with Thales followed by Anaximander and which ended with Anaximenes.Richard D. McKirahan, Philosophy before Socrates, Ch 5, 32–34 3rd-century Roman rhetorician Aelian depicts Anaximander as leader of the Milesian colony to Apollonia on the Black Sea coast, and hence some have inferred that he was a prominent citizen. Indeed, Various History (III, 17) explains that philosophers sometimes also dealt with political matters.

Crispus's tutor in rhetoric was the Late Latin historian of Early Christianity, Lactantius. Crispus may be the young prince depicted on the Gemma Constantiniana, a great cameo depicting Constantine and his wife Fausta, though the depiction may instead be of Fausta's own son, the future augustus Constantius II. While at Augusta Treverorum, Crispus's praetorian prefect for the prefecture of Gaul was the great Junius Annius Bassus. After his elevation to imperial rank, at which point he was also entitled princeps iuventutis ("Prince of Youth"), the Latin rhetorician Nazarius composed a panegyric preserved in the Panegyrici Latini, which honoured Crispus's military victories over the Franks in . Crispus was three times Roman consul, for the years 318, 321, and 324.

Hélène Cixous (; ; born 5 June 1937) is a professor, French feminist writer, poet, playwright, philosopher, literary critic and rhetorician. Cixous is best known for her article "The Laugh of the Medusa", which established her as one of the early thinkers in post-structural feminism. She founded the first centre of feminist studies at a European university at the Centre universitaire de Vincennes of the University of Paris (today's University of Paris VIII). She holds honorary degrees from Queen's University and the University of Alberta in Canada; University College Dublin in Ireland; the University of York and University College London in the UK; and Georgetown University, Northwestern University, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the USA.

There are, however, strong reasons for believing that it is the product of some rhetorician writing in the name of Phaeax. The style does not at all resemble what the notice in Aristophanes would lead us to expect; and the writer betrays himself by various inaccuracies. If then the speech was written as if by Phaeax, and reliance can be placed on the biographical notices in it (which are in part at least borne out by good authorities), Phaeax was subject to being tried for his life four times, and each time he was acquitted (§ 8, 36. Comp. Aristoph. l.c.). He was sent as ambassador to Thessaly, Macedonia, Molossia, and Thesprotia, besides Sicily and Italy, and was awarded various prizes.

When he had attained the age of manhood, the town of Seleucia, for some reason now unknown, sent Alexander as ambassador to the emperor Antoninus Pius, who is said to have ridiculed the young man for the extravagant care he bestowed on his outward appearance. He spent the greater part of his life away from his native place, at Antiochia, Rome, Tarsus, and traveled through all Egypt, as far as Ethiopia. It seems to have been during his stay at Antiochia that he was appointed Greek secretary to the emperor Marcus Aurelius, who was carrying on a war in Pannonia, around the year 174. On his journey to the emperor he made a short stay at Athens, where he met the celebrated rhetorician Herodes Atticus.

The Iberian denarii, also called argentum oscense by Roman soldiers, circulated until the 1st century BC, after which it was replaced by Roman coins. Hispania was separated into two provinces (in 197 BC), each ruled by a praetor: Hispania Citerior ("Hither Hispania") and Hispania Ulterior ("Farther Hispania"). The long wars of conquest lasted two centuries, and only by the time of Augustus did Rome managed to control Hispania Ulterior. Hispania was divided into three provinces in the 1st century BC. In the 4th century, Latinius Pacatus Drepanius, a Gallic rhetorician, dedicated part of his work to the depiction of the geography, climate and inhabitants of the peninsula, writing: > This Hispania produces tough soldiers, very skilled captains, prolific > speakers, luminous bards.

W.R. Roberts, 1954), New York: Modern Library. This concept can be explained through an example of a generic hybrid of deliberative and epideictic elements, in which a newly elected President delivers an inaugural address. The President is speaking at a formal ceremony recognizing the current state of the nation (characteristic of the epideictic genre), while simultaneously announcing his policy plans for the upcoming four years. U.S. rhetorician Carolyn R. Miller is the author of the article "Genre as Social Action" (1984). She argues, “Rhetorical criticism has not provided firm guidance on what constitutes a genre” and a “rhetorically sound definition of genre must be centered not on the substance or the form of discourse but on the action it is used to accomplish.” Miller, C. R. (1984).

Florus has taken some criticism on his writing due to inaccuracies found chronologically and geographically in his stories, but even so, the Epitome of Roman History was vastly popular during the late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, as well as being used as a school book until the 19th century. The use of his writings far beyond his time is a testament to his premier narrative skills. In the manuscripts, the writer is variously named as Julius Florus, Lucius Anneus Florus, or simply Annaeus Florus. From certain similarities of style, he has been identified as Publius Annius Florus, poet, rhetorician and friend of Hadrian, author of a dialogue on the question of whether Virgil was an orator or poet, of which the introduction has been preserved.

She broke away from the contemporary rhetorical style of the period where orators spoke before an audience for learning, and instead offered a conversational style of teaching "neighbors" the proper way of behavior. She referred only to the Port-Royal Logic as a source of contemporary influence, though still relied upon classical rhetorical theories as she presented her own original ideas. In her presentation, she offered that rhetoric, as an art, does not require a male education to be master, and listed the means of which a woman could acquire the necessary skills from natural logic, which established Astell as a capable female rhetorician. In the early 1690s Astell entered into correspondence with John Norris of Bemerton, after reading Norris's Practical Discourses, upon several Divine subjects.

"Pindar, "Seventh Olympian Ode" lines 37–38 Hesiod states that Hera was so annoyed at Zeus for having given birth to a child on his own that she conceived and bore Hephaestus by herself, but in Imagines 2. 27 (trans. Fairbanks), the third-century AD Greek rhetorician Philostratus the Elder writes that Hera "rejoices" at Athena's birth "as though Athena were her daughter also." The second-century AD Christian apologist Justin Martyr takes issue with those pagans who erect at springs images of Kore, whom he interprets as Athena: "They said that Athena was the daughter of Zeus not from intercourse, but when the god had in mind the making of a world through a word (logos) his first thought was Athena.

A German scholar Otto Crusius in 1893, shortly after the publication of this inscription, was the first to observe that the music of this song as well as that of the hymns of Mesomedes tends to follow the pitch of the word accents. The publication of the two Delphic hymns in the same year confirmed this tendency. Thus in this epitaph, in most of the words, the accented syllable is higher in pitch than the syllable which follows; and the circumflex accents in , and have a falling contour within the syllable, just as described by the 1st century BC rhetorician Dionysius of Halicarnassus. One word which does not conform is the first word , where the music has a low note despite the acute accent.

Bust of Isocrates; plaster cast in the Pushkin Museum of the bust formerly at Villa Albani, Rome Isocrates (; ; 436–338 BC), an ancient Greek rhetorician, was one of the ten Attic orators. Among the most influential Greek rhetoricians of his time, Isocrates made many contributions to rhetoric and education through his teaching and written works. Greek rhetoric is commonly traced to Corax of Syracuse, who first formulated a set of rhetorical rules in the fifth century BC. His pupil Tisias was influential in the development of the rhetoric of the courtroom, and by some accounts was the teacher of Isocrates. Within two generations, rhetoric had become an important art, its growth driven by social and political changes such as democracy and courts of law.

Roman rhetorician M. Fabius Quintilianus published his twelve-volume Institutio oratoria around 95 . In book 10, Quintilian - who was well-read with respect to both Greek and Latin rhetoricians, including Dionysius - gives advice to teachers who are instructing students in oration. He tells them that, by the time students begin composition, they should be so well-versed in exemplary models that are able to imitate them without physically consulting them (10.1.5). Quintilian writes, > For in everything which we teach examples are more effective even than the > rules which are taught in the schools, so long as the student has reached a > stage when he can appreciate such examples without the assistance of a > teacher, and can rely on his own powers to imitate them. (10.1.

Ivor Armstrong Richards (26 February 1893 – 7 September 1979), known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician. His work contributed to the foundations of the New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained and self-referential æsthetic object. Richards' intellectual contributions to the establishment of the literary methodology of the New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism (1923), by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism (1924), Practical Criticism (1929), and The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936).

Presumably a member of the NobilesArnheim, Michael T. W., The senatorial aristocracy in the later Roman empire (1972), pg. 76 and a member of the eastern Senate, Limenius was appointed Proconsul of Constantinople in AD 342. He was an opponent of the rhetorician Libanius, and during his tenure as Proconsul he supported the accusations of Libanius’ rivals, charging him with practicing magic and treason, thereby forcing Libanius to leave Constantinople. Although he was an eastern provincial, he was assigned the dual role of Praetorian prefect of Italy (which the emperor Constans gave to him when he created the new Prefecture, splitting Italy off from the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum)Potter, David Stone, The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395 (2004), pg. 476 as well as Praefectus urbi of Rome.

His talents as an orator and rhetorician were greatly admired by his contemporaries, a number of whom were later regarded as forming a school called after him Frontoniani; his object in his teaching was to inculcate the exact use of the Latin language in place of the artificialities of such 1st- century authors as Seneca the Younger, and encourage the use of "unlooked-for and unexpected words", to be found by diligent reading of pre-Ciceronian authors. He found fault with Cicero for inattention to that refinement, though admiring his letters without reserve. He may well have died in the late 160s, as a result of the Antonine Plague that followed the Parthian War, though conclusive proof is lacking. C.R. Haines asserts he died in 166 or 167.

Available in English as Girolamo Cardano, Nero: an Exemplary Life Inkstone, 2012 This was likely intended as a mock encomium, inverting the portrayal of Nero and Seneca that appears in Tacitus. In this work Cardano portrayed Seneca as a crook of the worst kind, an empty rhetorician who was only thinking to grab money and power, after having poisoned the mind of the young emperor. Cardano stated that Seneca well deserved death. "Seneca", ancient hero of the modern Córdoba; this architectural roundel in Seville is based on the "Pseudo-Seneca" (illustration above) Among the historians who have sought to reappraise Seneca is the scholar Anna Lydia Motto who in 1966 argued that the negative image has been based almost entirely on Suillius's account, while many others who might have lauded him have been lost.

Taranis (with Celtic wheel and thunderbolt), Le Chatelet, Gourzon, Haute-Marne, France The Celts also worshiped a number of deities of which little more is known than their names. Classical writers preserve a few fragments of legends or myths that may possibly be Celtic. According to the Syrian rhetorician Lucian, Ogmios was supposed to lead a band of men chained by their ears to his tongue as a symbol of the strength of his eloquence. The first-century Roman poet Lucan mentions the gods Taranis, Teutates and Esus, but there is little Celtic evidence that these were important deities. A number of objets d'art, coins, and altars may depict scenes from lost myths, such as the representations of Tarvos Trigaranus or of an equestrian ‘Jupiter’ surmounting the Anguiped (a snake-legged human-like figure).

Persuasion began with the Greeks, who emphasized rhetoric and elocution as the highest standard for a successful politician. All trials were held in front of the Assembly, and both the prosecution and the defense rested, as they often do today, on the persuasiveness of the speaker.Ancient greece Rhetoric was the ability to find the available means of persuasion in any instance. The Greek philosopher Aristotle listed four reasons why one should learn the art of persuasion: # truth and justice are perfect; thus if a case loses, it is the fault of the speaker # it is an excellent tool for teaching # a good rhetorician needs to know how to argue both sides to understand the whole problem and all the options, and # there is no better way to defend one's self.

Another of Cicero's works, his history of Latin oratory known as the Brutus, is dedicated to the memory of Hortensius. Though he criticises him at various points,e.g. Cic. Brutus 320 Cicero's respect for Hortensius is evident throughout, and he frequently mourns his rival's death: 'I grieved to have lost in him not, as some may have thought, a rival jealous of my forensic reputation, but rather a friend, and a fellow worker in the same field of glorious endeavour ... each of us was helped by the other with exchange of suggestions, admonitions, and friendly offices'.Cic. Brutus 2–3 Over the centuries, Hortensius's orations were lost, and the last person reported in the literature to have read and commented upon one of Hortensius's original works was the first century AD rhetorician Quintilian.

Favonius was a member of the optimates faction within the Roman aristocracy; in a letter to Caesar on ruling a state (Ad Caesarem senem de re publica oratio), traditionally attributed to Sallust but probably by the rhetorician Marcus Porcius Latro, Caesar is told of the qualities of some of these nobles. Bibulus and Lucius Domitius are dismissed as wicked and dishonourable while Cato is someone "whose versatile, eloquent and clever talents I do not despise." The writer continues, Like Cato, Favonius opposed the corruption of many of Rome's leading politicians in general and the rise of the First Triumvirate in particular. When Caesar returned from his praetorship in Spain in 59 BC and successfully stood for consul, he allied himself with Pompey (to whom he gave his daughter Julia in marriage) and Clodius.

Quintilian's definition of rhetoric shares many similarities with that of Cicero, one being the importance of the speaker's moral character . Like Cicero, Quintilian also believes that “history and philosophy can increase an orator’s command of copia and style;" they differ in that Quintilian “features the character of the orator, as well as the art” . In Book II, Quintilian sides with Plato’s assertion in the Phaedrus that the rhetorician must be just: “In the Phaedrus, Plato makes it even clearer that the complete attainment of this art is even impossible without the knowledge of justice, an opinion in which I heartily concur" . Their views are further similar in their treatment of “(1) the inseparability, in more respects than one, of wisdom, goodness, and eloquence; and (2) the morally ideological nature of rhetoric.

Again Pratt is using a mosaic technique of organizing his diverse material; but because Towards the Last Spike contains a great deal of political material, it is looser in form than the other epics. The gigantic nature of his theme tends to make the poem too impersonal, even though forces like the North Shore Laurentian monster and Lady British Columbia are personified.... Fortunately, the gigantism of these forces is almost matched by the human figures that Pratt has chosen as his heroes, William Van Horne and Sir John A. Macdonald. The two men are complementary in the poem: Macdonald, rhetorician and parliamentarian, supplies the dream of continental union; Van Horne, engineer and administrator, supplies the force and skill that makes the dream come true.Peter Buitenhuis, Introduction, Selected Poems of E.J. Pratt (Toronto: Mcmillan, 1968), xxii.

Marshall McLuhan Catholic Secondary School (Marshall McLuhan, MMCSS, Marshall McLuhan CSS, or McLuhan) is a coeducational, non-semestered, Catholic high school in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada managed by the Toronto Catholic District School Board. The school was formally founded in September 1998 to replace De La Salle College Oaklands campus, founded by the De La Salle Brothers in 1851, which was reverted as a private school in 1994. The school property was originally built for the Toronto Hunt Club and later used by the Canadian Armed Forces as the Canadian Forces College and was used until 1994. This school was named after Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian educator, philosopher, and scholar—a professor of English literature, a literary critic, a rhetorician, a communication theorist, and a committed Roman Catholic.

In 1720, he contributed two poems in Portuguese to Daniel Lopes Laguna's Espejo fiel de la vida. In 1724, he wrote a poem of 1,274 stanzas in Portuguese ottava rima, arranged in thirteen cantos, titled "Viridiadas", after Viriatus, the leader of the Lusitanian people who resisted Roman expansion into Hispania in the first century BC. After Samuda's death, Jacob de Castro Sarmento added another fifty stanzas and presented the manuscript to King João V of Portugal. David Nieto (1654–1728) was the rabbi of the Bevis Marks Synagogue (the oldest synagogue in the United Kingdom) from 1701. Some of his attributes were immortalized by Samuda wrote an epitaph for his tomb,describing him as a "sublime theologian, a man of profound wisdom, remarkable physician, famous astronomer, sweet poet, fluent rhetorician, jocund author".

Gorgias admits under Socrates' cross-examination that while rhetoricians give people the power of words, they are not instructors of morality. Gorgias does not deny that his students might use their skills for immoral purposes (such as persuading the assembly to make an unwise decision, or to let a guilty man go free), but he says the teacher cannot be held responsible for this. He makes an argument from analogy: Gorgias says that if a man who went to wrestling school took to thrashing his parents or friends, you would not send his drill instructor into exile (456d–457c). He says that just as the trainer teaches his craft (techne) in good faith, and hopes that his student will use his physical powers wisely, the rhetorician has the same trust, that his students will not abuse their power.

In one of his works he attacks the corruption and intellectual stagnation of the monastic life of that day; in another polemic, he assails the hypocrisy and sham holiness of his time; in a third he denounces the conceit and arrogance of the Byzantine priests. The rhetorician Michael Italicus, later a bishop, attacks the chief weakness of Byzantine literature, external imitation; this he did on receiving a work by a patriarch, which was simply a disorderly collection of fragments from other writers, so poorly put together that the sources were immediately recognizable. The pupil and friend of Eustathius, Michael Acominatus (12th and 13th centuries) Archbishop of Athens and brother of the historian Nicetas Acominatus. His inaugural address, delivered on the Acropolis, exhibits both profound classical scholarship and high enthusiasm despite the material and spiritual decay of his times.

Leo Strauss argued that the strong influence of Xenophon, a student of Socrates more known as an historian, rhetorician and soldier, was a major source of Socratic ideas for Machiavelli, sometimes not in line with Aristotle. While interest in Plato was increasing in Florence during Machiavelli's lifetime, Machiavelli does not show particular interest in him, but was indirectly influenced by his readings of authors such as Polybius, Plutarch and Cicero. The major difference between Machiavelli and the Socratics, according to Strauss, is Machiavelli's materialism, and therefore his rejection of both a teleological view of nature and of the view that philosophy is higher than politics. With their teleological understanding of things, Socratics argued that desirable things tend to happen by nature, as if nature desired them, but Machiavelli claimed that such things happen by blind chance or human action.

Collegiata di Sant'Orso, Aosta: the Fox and the Stork The first extensive translation of Aesop into Latin iambic trimeters was performed by Phaedrus, a freedman of Augustus in the 1st century CE, although at least one fable had already been translated by the poet Ennius two centuries before, and others are referred to in the work of Horace. The rhetorician Aphthonius of Antioch wrote a technical treatise on, and converted into Latin prose, some forty of these fables in 315. It is notable as illustrating contemporary and later usage of fables in rhetorical practice. Teachers of philosophy and rhetoric often set the fables of Aesop as an exercise for their scholars, inviting them not only to discuss the moral of the tale, but also to practise style and the rules of grammar by making new versions of their own.

The extant, primary sources about the history of the trial and execution of Socrates are: the Apology of Socrates to the Jury, by Xenophon of Athens, a historian; and the tetralogy of Socratic dialogues — Euthyphro, the Socratic Apology, Crito, and Phaedo, by Plato, a philosopher who had been a student of Socrates. In The Indictment of Socrates (392 BC), the sophist rhetorician Polycrates (440–370) presents the prosecution speech by Anytus, which condemned Socrates for his political and religious activities in Athens before the year 403 BC. In presenting such a prosecution, which addressed matters external to the specific charges of moral corruption and impiety levelled by the Athenian polis against Socrates, Anytus violated the political amnesty specified in the agreement of reconciliation (403–402 BC)Waterfield, Robin. Why Socrates Died: Dispelling the Myths. New York, 2009. p. 196.

After the breakup of the western Roman Empire, the study of rhetoric continued to be central to the study of the verbal arts; but the study of the verbal arts went into decline for several centuries, followed eventually by a gradual rise in formal education, culminating in the rise of medieval universities. But rhetoric transmuted during this period into the arts of letter writing (ars dictaminis) and sermon writing (ars praedicandi). As part of the trivium, rhetoric was secondary to the study of logic, and its study was highly scholastic: students were given repetitive exercises in the creation of discourses on historical subjects (suasoriae) or on classic legal questions (controversiae). Although he is not commonly regarded as a rhetorician, St. Augustine (354–430) was trained in rhetoric and was at one time a professor of Latin rhetoric in Milan.

Because rhetoric and composition are so closely related, the composition classroom becomes an open space for fostering social activism through service learning and allowing students to develop a sense of agency for both their scholarship and their interactions with the public. Ellen Cushman tells readers in her article "The Rhetorician as an Agent of Social Change" that "one way to increase our participation in public discourse is to bridge the university and community through activism. Given the role rhetoricians have historically played in the politics of their communities, [Cushman believes] modern rhetoric and composition scholars can be agents of social change outside the university." Through their respective institutions, Cushman argues that both young and old scholars of rhetoric and composition can use their educational expertise to connect with the public outside of the university that, as scholars, they are typically estranged from.

Laelius was a member of the Scipionic Circle, a Graecophile group of friends and political allies who gathered around the wealthy and well-connected Scipio Aemilianus, adoptive grandson of Scipio Africanus. As heir to the most prominent branch of the wealthy Cornelii Scipiones, Scipio Aemilianus was able to act as patron to many Greek scholars, philosophers, and historians, including the Greek historian Polybius and the Carthaginian-born playwright Terence. Laelius's two sons-in-law were both consuls - Gaius Fannius who was consul in 122 BC along with Gaius Sempronius Gracchus, and Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur, who was consul in 117 BC. The younger son-in- law, himself connected by marriage to the Brothers Gracchi, was a prominent rhetorician and jurist, and the teacher and mentor of young Cicero. Cicero thus learned much about Laelius and his relationships with great men from his mentor Scaevola Augur.

But great as was the reputation of Latro, he did not escape severe criticism on the part of his contemporaries: his language was censured by Messalla, and the arrangement of his orations by other rhetoricians. Though eminent as a rhetorician, he did not excel as a practical orator; and it is related of him that, when he had on one occasion in Spain to plead in the forum the cause of a relation, he felt so embarrassed by the novelty of speaking in the open air, that he could not proceed until he had induced the judges, through his friend the propraetor of Hither Spain, to remove from the forum into the basilica. Latro died in 4 BC, as we learn from the Chronicon of Eusebius. Many modern writers suppose that Latro was the author of the Declamations of Sallust against Cicero, and of Cicero against Sallust.

Buddha statue in Thailand depicting the gesture as Vitarka Mudrā Ring gestures, formed by forefinger and thumb with remaining digits extended, appear in Greece at least as early as the fifth century BCE, and can be seen on painted vases as an expression of love, with thumb and forefinger mimicking kissing lips. When proffered by one person toward another in Ancient Greece, the gesture was of one professing their love for another, and the sentiment was conveyed more in the touching of fingertips than in the ring that they formed. As an expression of assent and approval, the gesture can be traced back to first century Rome where the rhetorician Quintilian is recorded as having used it. Quintilian's chironomy prescribed variations in context for the gesture's use during specific points of a speech: to open, give warning or praise or accusation, and then to close a declamation.

According to the Athenian rhetorician Isocrates, Demeter's greatest gifts to humankind were agriculture, particularly of cereals, and the Mysteries which give the initiate higher hopes in this life and the afterlife.Isocrates, Panegyricus 4.28: "When Demeter came to our land, in her wandering after the rape of Kore, and, being moved to kindness towards our ancestors by services which may not be told save to her initiates, gave these two gifts, the greatest in the world – the fruits of the earth, which have enabled us to rise above the life of the beasts, and the holy rite, which inspires in those who partake of it sweeter hopes regarding both the end of life and all eternity". These two gifts were intimately connected in Demeter's myths and mystery cults. In Hesiod, prayers to Zeus-Chthonios (chthonic Zeus) and Demeter help the crops grow full and strong.

Malchus probably followed his profession of rhetorician or sophist at Constantinople. According to Suda, he wrote a history extending from the reign of Constantine I to that of Anastasius I; but the work in seven books, of which Photius has given an account (Bibl. cod. 78), and to which he gives the title ', comprehended only the period from the final sickness of the Eastern emperor Leo I (473 or 474), to the death of Julius Nepos, emperor of the West (480). It has been supposed that this was an extract from the work mentioned by Suidas, or a mutilated copy: that it was incomplete is said by Photius himself, who says that the start of the first of the seven books showed that the author had already written some previous parts, and that the close of the seventh book showed his intention of carrying it further, if his life was spared.

Horace Walpole wrote to Marie Du Deffand: "It attacks all governments and all religions!" ( Anne Robert Jacques Turgot heavily criticized the book in a letter to André Morellet: (He is sometimes rigorous as Richardson, sometimes immoral as Helvetius, sometimes enthusiastic of soft and tender virtues, sometimes of debauchery, sometimes of fierce courage ; treating slavery as abominable and willing slaves; deraisonnant in physics, deraisonnant in metaphysics and often in politics. It does not follow anything of his book, if the author is a man of great intelligence, well educated, but has no fixed idea, who is carried away by the enthusiasm of a young rhetorician. He seems to have undertaken the task of supporting all the paradoxes that are presented to him in his lectures and in his dreams.) At the time, the Histoire des deux Indes was considered an encyclopaedia of the colonial age and the Bible of anticolonialism in the Age of Enlightenment.

Martha Graham Faculty has included Wharton and James biographer R. W. B. Lewis, essayist Edward Hoagland, literary critics Camille Paglia and Stanley Hyman (whose wife Shirley Jackson referenced Bennington College in her writing, particularly Hangsaman), rhetorician Kenneth Burke, former United Artists' senior vice-president Steven Bach, novelists Arturo Vivante, Bernard Malamud and John Gardner, trumpeter/composer Bill Dixon, saxophonist and pianist Charles Gayle, composers Allen Shawn, Henry Brant, and Vivian Fine, painters Kenneth Noland, Mary Lum and Jules Olitski, politicians Mansour Farhang and Mac Maharaj, poets Léonie Adams and Howard Nemerov, sculptor Anthony Caro, dancer/choreographer Martha Graham, drummer Milford Graves, author William Butler (author of The Butterfly Revolution), economist Karl Polanyi and a number of Pulitzer Prize- winning and acclaimed poets including W. H. Auden, Stanley Kunitz, Mary Oliver, Theodore Roethke, Donald Hall, and Anne Waldman, and educator Joseph S. Murphy, the future Chancellor of the City University of New York.

Angel Day was an Elizabethan rhetorician and scholar chiefly known for his The English Secretary (1586), the first comprehensive epistolary manual to employ original English rather than classical models. The book belongs to the genre of instructional manuals, marketed for the growing business and middle classes of late 16th century England, and was extremely popular, going into as many as ten editions by 1635, and becoming the most influential correspondence manual of its time. Although his biography is poorly documented, entries on Day have appeared in the Dictionary of National Biography. Day's precise dates are not known, but an entry in the Stationer's Register shows that he was of an age to begin a trade by 1563, for on 25 December that year he was apprenticed to the stationer Thomas Duxell.Plant, Marjorie, The English Book Trade, 1939, 131-39 This would fix his date of birth sometime in the period 1546-50.

The extant fragments of the Histories (some discovered in 1886) show sufficiently well the political partisan, who took a keen pleasure in describing the reaction against Sulla's policy and legislation after the dictator's death. Historians regret the loss of the work, as it must have thrown much light on a very eventful period, embracing the war against Sertorius (died 72 BC), the campaigns of Lucullus against Mithradates VI of Pontus (75-66 BC), and the victories of Pompey in the East (66–62 BC). Two letters (Duae epistolae de republica ordinanda), letters of political counsel and advice addressed to Caesar, and an attack upon Cicero (Invectiva or Declamatio in Ciceronem), frequently attributed to Sallust, are thought by modern scholars to have come from the pen of a rhetorician of the first century AD, along with a counter-invective attributed to Cicero. At one time Marcus Porcius Latro was considered a candidate for the authorship of the pseudo-Sallustian corpus, but this view is no longer commonly held.

From this point until the late Middle Ages all of the indigenous inhabitants of Asia Minor practiced Christianity (called Greek Orthodox Christianity after the East–West Schism with the Catholics in 1054) and spoke Greek as their first language. The resultant Greek culture in Asia Minor flourished during a millennium of rule (4th century – 15th century AD) under the mainly Greek-speaking Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Those from Asia Minor constituted the bulk of the empire's Greek-speaking Orthodox Christians; thus, many renowned Greek figures during late antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance came from Asia Minor, including Saint Nicholas (270–343 AD), rhetorician John Chrysostomos (349–407 AD), Hagia Sophia architect Isidore of Miletus (6th century AD), several imperial dynasties, including the Phokas (10th century) and Komnenos (11th century), and Renaissance scholars George of Trebizond (1395–1472) and Basilios Bessarion (1403–1472). Thus, when the Turkic peoples began their late medieval conquest of Asia Minor, Byzantine Greek citizens were the largest group of inhabitants there.

Although his father-in-law was doubtless instrumental in securing his appointment, Cutler was in general well-fitted for the position, being "an excellent Linguist", a "good Logician, Geographer, and Rhetorician", while "in the Philosophy & Metaphysics & Ethics of his Day or juvenile Education he was great. . . . He was of an high, lofty, & despotic mien. He made a grand figure as the Head of a College".The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, 1901, II, 339-40. Cutler continued to teach the Enlightenment Curriculum first instituted by Tutor Samuel Johnson in 1716, with courses on algebra, calculus, and moral philosophy. The new rectorship "opened auspiciously and an era of prosperity seemed at hand when, on September 13, 1722, the rector, with Tutor Daniel Browne and several Congregational clergymen, met with the trustees, declared themselves doubtful of the validity of their ordination, and asked advice with regard to entering the Church of England." William Howard Wilcoxson, History of Stratford, Connecticut, 1639-1939, 1939, p. 186. Upon request they made a written statement of their position, and the meeting was adjourned for a month.

The comic poet Athenion has a sceneQuoted in Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, Book 14, §660e in which an interlocutor praises a cook as a new Palaephatus, to which the cook replies by explaining the benefits bestowed on mankind by the first inventor of cooking, who replaced cannibalism by animal sacrifice and roast meat; this alludes to the "first inventor" theories still reflected in our text of Palaephatus. (Unfortunately, Athenion's date is uncertain, but if he wrote, as it appears, New Comedy, he should be 3rd or 2nd century BC.) Aelius Theon, the rhetorician, spends a chapter discussing Palaephatus' rationalism, using several of the examples in our text of Palaephatus; other, later, authors cite Palaephatus for instances not in our text: Pseudo-Nonnus, the author of some commentaries on Gregory Nazianzen,Identification from Pseudo-Nonnus: A Christian’s guide to Greek culture : the Pseudo-Nonnus commentaries on Sermons 4, 5, 39 and 43 by Gregory of Nazianzus ; translated with an introduction and notes by Jennifer Nimmo-Smith, p. 37, which notes that some inferior MSS. give Telephatus, otherwise unknown.

According to Aristotle as well as 20th-century rhetoricians such as Golden, Berquist, and Coleman, experienced rhetors begin their process of adopting rhetorical stance with an analysis of the audience. Professional authors and speakers utilize their knowledge of the subject and establish credibility to help influence how well their message is received. Scottish Enlightenment rhetorician, George Campbell touches on this matter by explaining how one can gain power over and appeal to their audience by applying argumentative and emotional tones. Aristotle emphasizes the consideration of human nature and emotion in order to achieve a successful understanding of one’s audience and the establishment of the relationship necessary for achieving persuasion. According to Kenneth Burke, the author creates this impression by demonstrating an understanding of the audience’s needs and by “substantiating” intellectual and empathetic relationships between oneself and the audience. Following Aristotle’s theory, Cicero explains that by adapting to the emotions of the audience, one can be successful in gaining their respect and attention. Plato’s “noble aims” of rhetoric require the author to strive for a moral elevation of both author and audience.

Louis Ginzberg wrote of Alexander’s work: “Although these excerpts reveal their author as nothing but a compiler without taste or judgment, and bereft of all literary ability, they possess, even in their meagerness, a certain value.” In his compilation Jewish and non-Jewish sources are cited indiscriminately side by side; and to Alexander, therefore, the world is indebted for information on the oldest Jewish, Hellenic, and Samaritan elaboration of Biblical history in prose or poetry. The epic poet Philo, the tragic writer Ezekiel, the historian Eupolemus, the chronicler Demetrius, the so-called Artapanus, the historian Aristeas, and Theodotus the Samaritan, as well as an unnamed fellow countryman of the latter often confused with Eupolemus, the rhetorician Apollonius Molon (an anti-Jewish writer)—all of these authors are known to posterity only through extracts from their works which Alexander embodied verbatim in his. Of some interest for the ancient history of the Jews is his account of Assyria- Babylonia, frequently drawn upon by Jewish and Christian authors; in it extracts are given, especially from Berossus, and also from the Chronicles of Apollodoros and the Third Book of the Sibyllines.

Aurelius's Meditations on Stoicism and on Plato, and the public lectures of the rhetorician Fronto, open Marius' eyes to the narrowness of Epicureanism.Pater, Marius the Epicurean, Chapter XVI ('Second Thoughts') Aurelius's indifference, however, to the cruelty to animals in the amphitheatre, and later to the torments inflicted on people there, causes Marius to question the values of Stoicism (end of 'Part the Second'). Disillusioned with Rome and the imperial court which seem "like some stifling forest of bronze-work, transformed as if by malign enchantment out of the living trees",Pater, Marius the Epicurean, Chapter XXI puzzled by the source of Cornelius's serenity, still Epicurean by temperament but seeking a more satisfying life-philosophy, Marius makes repeated visits alone to the Campagna and Alban Hills, on one occasion experiencing in the Sabine Hills a sort of spiritual "epiphany" on a perfect day of peace and beauty (end of 'Part the Third'). Later he is taken by Cornelius to a household in the Campagna centred on a charismatic young widow, Cecilia, where prevails an atmosphere of peace and love, gradually revealing itself as a new religion with liturgy and rituals that appeal aesthetically and emotionally to Marius.