The Kennedy assassination occurred early in Dr. McClelland's career as a general surgeon; his specialty was liver resections.
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The Kennedy assassination occurred early in Dr. McClelland's career as a general surgeon; his specialty was liver resections.
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Allred has undergone two liver resections and is receiving radiation to shrink metastatic tumors that have spread to at least nine places in her body, she said.
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"We perform around 400 resections (tumor removals) each year, which often involves rousing patients to carry out language tests, but this was the first time I've had a patient play an instrument," he said in the news release.
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He was, and increasingly became over the next six decades, an expert in hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery, specialising in resections of the liver, and famous round Dallas-Fort Worth for turning up at hospitals with Lin clamps in his car, ready to control any bleeding from the portal vein.
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The Enneking and Dunham classification system was developed in 1978 to aid surgeons in characterizing pelvic resections. This classification scheme breaks down pelvic resections into 3 subtypes: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I resections involve removal of the ilium. Type II resections involve removal of the peri-acetabular region.
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Equally well experienced in open & major procedures like PC shunts, liver resections, esophagastrectomies, thyroid, parathyroid surgeries.
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For example, in frontal lobe resections seizure freedom has been achieved in 38-44 percent of patients.
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As of 2012, more than 40% of colon resections in United States are performed via laparoscopic approach.
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Incomplete resections (sub-total or near total thyroidectomy) are also infrequently performed, but are disfavored by most surgeons.
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The surgical approach should be extensile in nature to permit possible future resections for local recurrence or revisions.
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Treatment is by chemotherapy with streptozocin, dacarbazine, doxorubicin or by 'watchful waiting' and surgical debulking via Whipple procedure and other resections of the gastrointestinal organs affected.
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Diseases of the endocrine pancreas occur very infrequently; these include insulinomas, gastrinomas etc. Surgery for these conditions range from simple tumor enucleation to more larger resections.
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This can lead to the patients lung collapsing. A bronchopleural fistula is when there is a tube like opening that allows air to escape. Patients undergoing pulmonary resections often present postoperative air leaks.
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It involved inserting porcelain balls into the thoracic cavity to collapse the lung underneath. Surgical resections of infected lungs were rarely attempted during the 1930s and 1940s, due to the extremely high perioperative mortality rate.
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Ahmed works in the Academic Centre of Surgery and has established minimally invasive colorectal surgery at the Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. His main clinical interest is colorectal cancer, and he performs surgery for primary and recurrent disease as well as multi-visceral resections. He has pioneered single incision laparoscopic colorectal surgery (virtual scarless surgery) and also works with liver surgeons to perform simultaneous laparoscopic liver and bowel resections for cancer. His other clinical interest is advanced stage 3/4 endometriosis, performing laparoscopic surgery with gynaecologists.
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Surgery Today, Volume 34, Number 2 / February, 2004 In patients that are subjected to pulmonary resections where lung tissue is sealed with staplers, there is often postoperative air leaks. Alternative techniques to seal lung tissue are currently investigated.
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While further studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, are needed to investigate the best treatment(s) for MEITL, the use of lymphoma chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and, where needed, surgical resections are the currently recommended treatments for MEITL.
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Of 376 patients who had the amygdalohippocampectomy procedure performed, compared to other types of temporal lobe resections, two thirds of this population were reported free of disabling seizures. Some patients report defects in visual perception and impaired memory function.
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This is particularly true of complex cancer resections such as pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer, and gastrectomy with extended (D2) lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. Surgical oncology is generally a 2 year fellowship following completion of a general surgery residency (5-7 years).
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LARs, generally, give a better quality of life than abdominoperineal resections (APRs). Thus, LARs are generally the preferred treatment for rectal cancer insofar as this is surgically feasible. APRs lead to a permanent colostomy and do not spare the sphincters.
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There are two major types of specimens submitted for surgical pathology analysis: biopsies and surgical resections. A biopsy is a small piece of tissue removed primarily for surgical pathology analysis, most often in order to render a definitive diagnosis. Types of biopsies include core biopsies, which are obtained through the use of large-bore needles, sometimes under the guidance of radiological techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. Incisional biopsies are obtained through diagnostic surgical procedures that remove part of a suspicious lesion, whereas excisional biopsies remove the entire lesion, and are similar to therapeutic surgical resections.
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Professionally he published numerous reported cases in the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion (Washington, 1870–72). He published monographs on “Resections” (New York, 1870), “Syme's Amputation” (New York, 1871), and “Immobile Apparatus for Ununited Fractures” (New York, 1872).
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Hepatectomy is the surgical resection (removal of all or part) of the liver. While the term is often employed for the removal of the liver from a liver transplant donor, this article will focus on partial resections of hepatic tissue and hepatoportoenterostomy.
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Chylothoraces are rare and usually occur as a complication of surgeries in the neck and mediastinum. It has no gender or age predisposition. A chylothorax occurs in 0.2-1% of cardiothoracic surgeries, 5-10% of esophagostomies, and 3-7% of lung resections.
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As of January 2019, more than 2057 surgical and minimally invasive interventional procedures have been completed in AMIGO, ranging from MR-guided prostate biopsies, brachytherapies, and kidney tumor cryoablations to PET/CT-guided liver microwave ablations, MRI-guided brain tumor resections and deep brain stimulations.
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Staplers are commonly used intra-operatively during bowel resections in colorectal surgery. Often these staplers have an integral knife which, as the staples deploy, cuts through the bowel and maintains the aseptic field. The staples, made from surgical steel, are typically supplied in disposable sterilized cartridges.
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Liver failure poses a significant hazard to patients with underlying hepatic disease; this is a major deterrent in the surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. It is also a problem, to a lesser degree, in patients with previous hepatectomies (e.g. repeat resections for reincident colorectal cancer metastases).
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Up to a certain point, the gut can adapt to partial resections that result in short bowel syndrome. Still, parenteral substitution of water, minerals and vitamins (depending on which part of the gut has been removed) is often necessary. Teduglutide may reduce or shorten the necessity of such infusions by improving the intestinal mucosa and possibly by other mechanisms.
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Cataplexy may also occur transiently or permanently due to lesions of the hypothalamus that were caused by surgery, especially in difficult tumor resections. These lesions or generalized processes disrupt the hypocretin neurons and their pathways. The neurological process behind the lesion impairs pathways controlling the normal inhibition of muscle tone drop, consequently resulting in muscle atonia.
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Treatment of bacterial osteomyelitis often involves both antimicrobials and surgery. In those with poor blood flow, amputation may be required. Treatment of the relatively rare fungal osteomyelitis as mycetoma infections entails antifungal medications. In contrast to bacterial osteomyelitis, amputation or large bony resections is a more common fate of neglected fungal osteomyelitis namely mycetoma where infections of the foot account for the majority of cases.
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Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) may require embolization or cauterization for control of bleeding, a complication that is thought to be more common when tumor diameter exceeds 4 cm. The extent of aneurysmal change may determine bleeding risk. Serial abdominal imaging should be performed to assess AML size at 6- to 12-month intervals, at least until trends in growth are clear. Nephron sparing partial resections may be considered for very large tumors.
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Currently, Popescu guides and trains, on permanent basis, students from Faculty of Medicine of Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy. He became famous in Romania after being performing the country's first liver transplant in 2000 after returning from USA. In the following years, he performed and oversaw more than 450 liver transplants and 1500 liver resections. He was also nominated to be the Expert of the European Council in matters of transplants.
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Fungal skin infections may present as either a superficial or deep infection of the skin, hair, and/or nails. Mycetoma are a broad group of fungal infections that characteristically originate in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the foot. If not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion mycetoma infections can extend to deeper tissues like bones and joints causing osteomyelitis. Extensive osteomyelitis can necessitate surgical bone resections and even lower limb amputation.
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Radiation therapy may include photon-beam or proton-beam treatment, or fractionated external beam radiation. Radiosurgery may be used in lieu of surgery in small tumors located away from critical structures. Fractionated external-beam radiation also can be used as primary treatment for tumors that are surgically unresectable or, for patients who are inoperable for medical reasons. Radiation therapy often is considered for WHO grade I meningiomas after subtotal (incomplete) tumor resections.
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After his death, he was succeeded by Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875–1951) as chair of surgery at Zurich. In 1886, Krönlein published an account of an 1884 appendectomy that he performed on a 17-year- old boy. Although the patient died two days after the surgery, it was the first documented case of an appendectomy. He was also a pioneer involving lung resections, and his name is associated with "Krönlein's operation", which is a lateral orbitotomy of the eye.
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Ovarian drilling, also known as multiperforation or laparoscopic ovarian diathermy, is a surgical technique of puncturing the membranes surrounding the ovary with a laser beam or a surgical needle using minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures. It differs from ovarian wedge resection, because resection involves the cutting of tissue. Minimally invasive ovarian drilling procedures have replaced wedge resections. Ovarian drilling is preferred to wedge resection because cutting in to the ovary can cause adhesions which may complicate postoperative outcomes.
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Surgeons can then remove cartilage and bone to correct a dorsal hump, wide tip, or crooked nose. They are also able to correct deviated septums, which are a common airway blockage. Once this is completed, the incisions are closed and splits are placed to maintain stability during the healing process. Aesthetic surgery is also common following tumor resections, where plastic surgeons correct soft tissue or bone misalignments that occurred due to the removal of a tumor.
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Riverside Methodist provides advanced cancer care and treatment, including Tomotherapy, radiation therapy, and the minimally invasive Da Vinci robotic surgical system (used to treat prostate issues, fibroids, gynecological cancers, and lung resections). The Riverside Cancer Care team completes more than 100,000 outpatient, imaging, and surgical procedures for cancer patients each year. Riverside Cancer Care has received Disease-Specific Certification from The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), and the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer.
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The clinical decision to irradiate after a subtotal resection is somewhat controversial, as no class I randomized, controlled trials exist on the subject. Numerous retrospective studies, however, have suggested strongly that the addition of postoperative radiation to incomplete resections improves both progression-free survival (i.e. prevents tumor recurrence) and improves overall survival. In the case of a grade III meningioma, the current standard of care involves postoperative radiation treatment regardless of the degree of surgical resection.
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He has been active in the organization of general, laparoscopic and liver surgery at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University and Kırıkkale University. He has been pioneering in the development and implementation of international clinical protocols, laying the foundations of laparoscopic, transplantation, liver and bariatric-metabolic surgery in Azerbaijan. He has actively participated in establishment of laparoscopyc, transplantation centers and realization of the liver and kidney transplantation in prime hospitals in Azerbaijan such as, Central Clinic Hospital, M. Naghiyev Emergency and Medical Care Hospital, Central Customs Hospital and Azerbaijan Medical University Surgical Educational Hospital. He has broken grounds in healthcare industry in Azerbaijan by leading first stem cell transplantation, major liver resections, hepatectomy including (ALPPS) surgery, damage control surgery, laparostomy and mesh closure surgery, advanced laparoscopic operations such as, common bile duct exploration and resection, choledocho-duodenostomy, choledocho-yeyunostomy, fundoplication, liver, pancreas, gastric, bowel, colon resections, portal vein ligations, gasto-yeyunostomy, splenectomy, hysterectomy, cystectomy, renal operations and sympathectomy, thoracoscopic phrenic nervectomy (first time in the world) and first organ transplantation in Azerbaijan Medical University (2015).
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Dissection of the right superior pulmonary vein with VATS Dissection of the anterior trunk of the right pulmonary artery with VATS Preparing to divide the anterior trunk of the right pulmonary artery with the endoscopic stapler Placing the resected lobe into a water-tight bag for removal from the chest Anatomic lung resection, i.e. pulmonary lobectomy or pneumonectomy, in conjunction with removal of the lymph nodes from the mediastinum is the treatment modality that provides the greatest chance of long-term survival in patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Anatomic lung resections require a dissection of the pulmonary hilum with individual ligation and division of the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and the bronchus where these enter the lung. In the setting of lung cancer, the rationale for anatomic lung resection is a complete removal of a lung tumor along with the lymphatics that drain that tumor to assure that any tumor cells present in the lymphatics will also be removed; lesser resections have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of local recurrence and diminished long-term survival.
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The Hudson Family Papers, the Special Collections & University Archives, W.E.B. Du Bois Library, Univ. of Massachusetts In 1850, Hudson moved to New York City for his practice, and resided there until his death. He devoted himself to orthopedic surgery and mechanical apparatus for deformities, artificial limbs, etc. During the American Civil War, Hudson was appointed by the U.S. government to fit apparatus to persons suffering special cases of gunshot injuries of bone, resections, ununited fractures, and amputations at the knee- and ankle-joints.
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A total of 328 consecutive patients with multiple-laser metastasectomies with a new 1318-nm :YAG laser. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131(6): 1236-1242 Compared to laser surgery, other conventional surgical methods such as segmental or wedge resections with surgical stapling will normally lead to a bigger loss of lung tissue, especially in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules methods.Mineo TC, Cristino B, Ambrogi V et al. Usefulness of the Nd: YAG laser in parenchyma-sparing resection of pulmonary nodular lesions.
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Nakayama, a Japanese cardiothoracic surgeon, reported the first true series of microsurgical free-tissue transfers using vascularized intestinal segments to the neck for esophageal reconstruction after cancer resections using 3–4 mm vessels. Contemporary reconstructive microsurgery was introduced by an American plastic surgeon, Dr. Harry J. Buncke. In 1964, Buncke reported a rabbit ear replantation, famously using a garage as a lab/operating theatre and home-made instruments. This was the first report of successfully using blood vessels 1 millimeter in size.
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During the 1970s Semm pioneered numerous gynecologic laparoscopic operations so that the end of the decade he had performed myomectomies, ovariectomies, ovarian cysts resections, removals of tubal pregnancy, and others. On 13 September 1980 Semm performed the first laparoscopic appendectomy opening up the path for a much wider application of minimally invasive surgery. At first, his operation was severely criticized. Initial attempts to publish it were rejected, and the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology indicated that his technique was “unethical”.
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Dr. David Geller is the Richard L. Simmons Professor of Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Co-Director of the UPMC Liver Cancer Center. As a hepatobiliary Surgical Oncologist, his clinical interests center on the evaluation and management of patients with liver cancer. He has pioneered laparoscopic liver resections, and has performed more than 300 of these cases. Most of these patients are discharged home on the second post- operative day with 4-5 band-aid-sized incisions.
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In thoracic surgery, surgical laser applications are most often used to remove pulmonary metastases and tumors of different primary localizations.Rolle A, Thetter O, Häussinger K. et al. Einsatz des Nd:YAG-Lasers in der Thoraxchirurgie. Herz Gefäß Thorax Chir 1989; 3:85-91 Other areas of application are surgical sectioning of the parenchyma, anatomic segmental resections, removal of tumors from the thoracic wallInderbitzi R, Rolle A. Palliative surgery for primary and secondary thoracic malignancies. Ther Umsch 2001 Jul;58(7) 435-41 and abrasion of the pleura parietalis.
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Type III resections involve removal of the ischial and/or pubic region. Resection of pelvic bone typically requires subsequent reconstruction to ensure stability of the hip joint, particularly in internal hemipelvectomy. Examples of pelvic reconstruction include the use of an allograft, autograft, or prosthesis to bridge the remaining ends of pelvic bone following resection. Arthrodesis is a technique that can be used in internal hemipelvectomy to fix the proximal femur to a segment of pelvic bone for the purposes of stabilizing the lower extremity.
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In the autumn of 2003 he was diagnosed with Head and neck cancer. During several months of chemo- and radiation- therapy he wrote a semi-biographical novel titled RUNAWAY JESUS, which recounted his experiments with the drug dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM), followed by What's so Wrong with Love and Peace- Adventures in the European Underground 1965-67. Both available as E-books at Amazon, iTunes, etc. He survived the Head and neck cancer, but in 2007 was diagnosed with bladder cancer, which was treated with two bladder resections.
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No high quality evidence has evaluated the use of bleomycin in this condition. Proton therapy affords a reduction in dose to critical structures compared to conventional photon radiation, including IMRT, for patients with craniopharyngioma. The most effective treatment 'package' for the malignant craniopharyngiomas described in literature is a combination 'gross total resective' surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel and carboplatin have shown a clinical (but not statistical) significance in increasing the survival rate in patients who have had gross total resections of their malignant tumours.
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The CHTN obtains biospecimens from routine diagnostic or therapeutic surgical resections and autopsies, which otherwise would be discarded. Malignant, benign, diseased and normal biospecimens are collected and distributed to both national and international investigators. In addition, remnant body fluids are available on some patients and limited histological services can be obtained by special arrangement. Requests for large sample sizes, large numbers of biospecimens, rare biospecimens or biospecimens in high demand may be served if they do not negatively impact the availability of biospecimens for other researchers.
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The organic collagen fibers and the inorganic mineral salts provide flexibility and toughness, respectively, to ECM. Although the bone is a dynamic tissue that can self-heal upon minor injuries, it cannot regenerate after experiencing large defects such as bone tumor resections and severe nonunion fractures because it lacks the appropriate template. Currently, the standard treatment is autografting which involves obtaining the donor bone from a non- significant and easily accessible site (i.e. iliac crest) in the patient own body and transplanting it into the defective site.
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Preoperative patients receiving extensive chemotherapy with a FLR/TELV less than 30% should also receive PVE prior to resection; conversely, chemotherapy does not preclude subsequent PVE. Other important considerations before a PVE include co-morbidities such as diabetes, procedure type and the extent of planned resection. Insulin resistance has been associated with slower rates of regeneration and higher likelihood of inadequate FLR growth after PVE. Additionally, if the resection requires more extensive surgery such as a resections of the pancreas or small bowel, a greater FLR/TELV ratio may be needed for safe recovery.
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Bone has a unique and well documented natural healing process that normally is sufficient to repair fractures and other common injuries. Misaligned breaks due to severe trauma, as well as treatments like tumor resections of bone cancer, are prone to improper healing if left to the natural process alone. Scaffolds composed of natural and artificial components are seeded with mesenchymal stem cells and placed in the defect. Within four weeks of placing the scaffold, newly formed bone begins to integrate with the old bone and within 32 weeks, full union is achieved.
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There are two major types of specimens submitted for surgical pathology analysis: biopsies and surgical resections. A biopsy is a small piece of tissue removed primarily for the purposes of surgical pathology analysis, most often in order to render a definitive diagnosis. Types of biopsies include core biopsies, which are obtained through the use of large-bore needles, sometimes under the guidance of radiological techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. Core biopsies, which preserve tissue architecture, should not be confused with fine-needle aspiration specimens, which are analyzed using cytopathology techniques.
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Professor Habib has significant academic interest and so far has published over 300 papers in the peer reviewed journalsProfessor Nagy Habib and is on editorial review board of various journals, the most notable ones being the European Journal of Cancer and the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Professor Habib invented a radio-frequency based liver resection device which has revolutionized liver surgery by allowing liver tumour resections with minimal loss of blood.A. Ferko, et al., A modified radiofrequency-assisted approach to right hemihepatectomy, EJSO (2006), .
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The treatment of cases with disease spreading beyond regional lymph nodes has been variable, ranging from simple excision to radical resections accompanied by adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, depending on the location of disease. Mean disease-free survival for MASCSG patients has been reported to be 92 months in one study. The tyrosine kinase activity of NTRK3 as well as the ETV6-NTRK3 protein is inhibited by certain tyrosine kinase inhibitory drugs such as Entrectinib and LOXO-101; this offers a potential medical intervention method using these drugs to treat aggressive MASCSG disease.
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George Ojemann George Ojemann is a professor emeritus of neurologic surgery in the Department of Neurological Surgery at the University of Washington School of Medicine. His research focuses on the neurobiology of human cognition, particularly cortical organization for language and memory, which he investigates in the context of awake neurosurgery under local anesthesia. In order to study these aspects of cognition, Ojemann utilizes techniques ranging from electrical stimulation mapping to recording of activity of single neurons, which have resulted in methods for reducing the risk of cortical resections for epilepsy and tumors.
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His use of rigorous aseptic technique and visits to continental surgeons like Jan Mikulicz-Radeckin at what was then the University of Breslau and Theodor Billroth in Vienna allowed him to successfully pioneer intestinal surgery in Scotland. He was one of the first to perform major gastrointestinal resections in Scotland. The operations he performed included excision of the tongue for carcinoma, closure of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers, excision of the small bowel for tuberculous stricture, partial colectomy for colonic stricture and excision of the rectum for carcinoma, the latter procedure often performed under spinal anaesthesia.
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Research into other patients with resections of the MTL have shown a positive relationship between the degree of memory impairment and the extent of MTL removal which points to a temporal gradient in the consolidating nature of the MTL. These studies were accompanied by the creation of animal models of human amnesia in an effort to identify brain substrates critical for slow consolidation. Meanwhile, neuropharmacological studies of selected brain areas began to shed light on the molecules possibly responsible for fast consolidation. In recent decades, advancements in cellular preparations, molecular biology, and neurogenetics have revolutionized the study of consolidation.
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Portal vein embolization (PVE) is a preoperative procedure performed in interventional radiology to initiate hypertrophy of the anticipated future liver remnant a couple weeks prior to a major liver resection procedure. The procedure involves injecting the right or left portal vein with embolic material to occlude portal blood flow. By occluding the blood flow to areas of the liver that will be resected away, the blood is diverted to healthy parts of the liver and induces hyperplasia. This may allow for a more extensive resection or stage bilateral resections that would otherwise be contraindicated resulting in better oncological treatment outcomes.
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Incisional biopsies are obtained through diagnostic surgical procedures that remove part of a suspicious lesion, whereas excisional biopsies remove the entire lesion and are similar to therapeutic surgical resections. Excisional biopsies of skin lesions and gastrointestinal polyps are very common. The pathologist's interpretation of a biopsy is critical to establishing the diagnosis of a benign or malignant tumor, and can differentiate between different types and grades of cancer, as well as determining the activity of specific molecular pathways in the tumor. This information is important for estimating the patient's prognosis and for choosing the best treatment to administer.
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MISS is a technique that can be employed for all major types of strabismus surgery like rectus muscle recessions, resections, plications, reoperations, transpositions, oblique muscle recessions, or plications, and adjustable sutures, even in the presence of restricted motility. The smaller openings and the less traumatic procedure are in general associated with faster postoperative rehabilitation and less swelling and dyscomfort for the patient immediately after the procedure. It is supposed that the technique can be performed as an outpatient intervention in many patients (mainly adults) who would otherwise be hospitalized. D. S. Mojon: Review: minimally invasive strabismus surgery.
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Other causes of an OAC are: maxillary fractures across the antral floor typically Le Fort I, displacement of posterior maxillary molar roots into antrum and direct trauma. An OAC can happen for many other more unusual reasons, such as acute or chronic inflammatory lesions around the tip of a tooth root which is in close proximity with the maxillary antrum, destructive lesions/tumours of the maxilla, failure of surgical incisions to heal (e.g. Caldwell-luc antrostomy), osteomyelitis of the maxilla, careless use of instruments during surgical procedures, Syphilis, implants and as a results of complex surgery (for example removal of a large cysts or resections of large tumours involving the maxilla.
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Liver surgery is safe when performed by experienced surgeons with appropriate technological and institutional support. As with most major surgical procedures, there is a marked tendency towards optimal results at the hands of surgeons with high caseloads in selected centres (typically cancer centres and transplantation centres). For optimal results, combination treatment with systemic or regionally infused chemo or biological therapy should be considered. Prior to surgery, cytotoxic agents such as oxaliplatin given systemically for colorectal metastasis, or chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma can significantly decrease the size of the tumor bulk, allowing then for resections which would remove a segment or wedge portion of the liver only.
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The prognosis, chance of recovery, can be varied by multiple factors, which include the location, type, and stage of tumor, the outcomes from the treatments, and other symptoms show recurred of tumors. Research discovered there was a lower survival percentage in the patients diagnosed in the mediastinum (66.7%±13.6%) than the other areas of the human body (96.0%±2.8%)(P=0.001). The cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgical resections are the standard treatments for EGCTs, where the overall survival rate is approximately 80% and above among pediatric patients. The testaments and treatments had been mentioned above are used again if the tumor cells start to grow again.
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During his tenure there, he helped found the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation at AIIMS, of which he was the founder professor. In 1996, he joined Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi where he is the Emeritus Consultant of the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation. He led the team which is credited with 241 liver sections during the period 1996-2005, the details of which were published in a medical paper, Two hundred and forty-one consecutive liver resections: an experience from India. Nundy is the founder editor of the National Medical Journal of India and Tropical Gastroenterology, and the incumbent editor in chief of Current Medicine Research and Practice.
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Amosov elaborated a number of new methods of surgical treatment of heart lesions, the original model of heart-lung machine. His work on the surgical treatment of heart diseases won a State Prize of Ukraine (1988) gold medals (1967, 1982) and Silver Medal (1978) of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements of the USSR. The clinic established by Amosov, produced about 7000 lung resections, more than 95000 operations for heart diseases, including about 36,000 operations with extra-corporeal blood circulation. In 1983 Amosov's cardiac surgery clinic was reorganized in Kyiv Research Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery and in the Ukrainian Republican cardiovascular surgical center. Each year, the institute fulfilled about 3000 heart operations, including over 1500 - with extra-corporeal blood circulation.
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Two decades later, the baby in now a budding lawyer, and the reunion of the recipient and her surgeon stands testimony to the durability and success of paediatric liver transplantation. Prof. Rela currently works in India, where he set up a successful Living Donor Liver Transplant program performing over 250 liver transplants a year, having performed over a 1500 liver transplants in a short span of 8 years. He was also the catalyst in starting liver transplants in tier 2 cities in Tamil Nadu, providing access to such high end medical facilities even to people from far flung places. Rela is also a busy hepatobiliary surgeon, performing Whipple's surgery for pancreatic cancer, liver resections for Cholangiocarcinoma and HCC resection in Cirrhotic patients.
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There is no standard treatment for MEITL. Most individuals have been treated by surgical resections of involved areas with or without anthracycline-based chemotherapy. In these cases, responses have been short- lived and/or poor with 1 year overal survival rates, 1 year progression free survival rates, and median survival times of 36%, 21%, and 7 months, respectively. A retrospective study of patients treated with resection, chemotherapy and autologus hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had a higher 1-year and 5-year overall survival (100%, 33%) compared to one-year survival (73%) and five-year survival (14%) without transplantation; a second retrospective study supported the usefulness of transplantation in that high- dose lymphoma chemotherapy followed by transplantation and standard-dose lymphoma chemotherapy with or without surgical resection increased 5-year overall survival from 22 to 60% and 5-year disease progression-free survival from 22 to 52%.
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Unlike with laparoscopy, carbon dioxide insufflation is not generally required with VATS due to the inherent vault-like shape of the thoracic cavity. However, lung deflation on the side of the chest where VATS is being performed is a must to be able to visualize and pass instruments into the thorax; this is usually effected with a double-lumen endo-tracheal tube that allows for single lung ventilation or a bronchial blocker delivered via a standard single-lumen endotracheal tube. Similarly to laparoscopy, VATS has enjoyed widespread use for technically straightforward operations such as pulmonary decortication, pleurodesis, and lung or pleural biopsies, while more technically demanding operations such as esophageal operations, mediastinal mass resections, or pulmonary lobectomy for early stage lung cancer, have been slower to catch on and have tended to remain confined to selected centers. It is expected that advanced VATS techniques will continue to grow in numbers spurred by patient demand and greater surgeon comfort with the techniques.
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