Sentences Generator
And
Your saved sentences

No sentences have been saved yet

"Reptilia" Definitions
  1. a class of Vertebrata comprising air-breathing animals that have lungs but never gills, usually a three-chambered heart, two aortic arches from which the systemic arteries arise, a bony skeleton in which the skull articulates with the vertebral column by a single occipital condyle, the vertebrae gastrocentral, and the compound mandible articulate with the skull through a quadrate bone, that lack hair or feathers and have the skin more or less covered with horny epidermal plates or scales and relatively free from glands, that are known since the Carboniferous and as the dominant form of life in the Mesozoic, and that are represented in the recent fauna by the snakes and lizards, the turtles, the loricates, and the aberrant tuatara— see cotylosauria
"Reptilia" Synonyms
reptile lizard snake

440 Sentences With "Reptilia"

How to use Reptilia in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "Reptilia" and check conjugation/comparative form for "Reptilia". Mastering all the usages of "Reptilia" from sentence examples published by news publications.

type: All Declarative Interrogative Exclamative

structure: All Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

length: All <=10 words 10-20 words 20-30 words 30-50 words

He saunters through "Reptilia," cracking his voice up at just the right moments, finding the gravel at the back of his throat, choosing when to snarl and when to walk away.
Reptilia Animal prints – think zebra, leopard and cow – have reached all corners of our wardrobes this season, from coats to co-ords, but we're more excited by the reptilian takeover of our accessories.
Reptilia provides reptiles along with skilled handlers for film productions, photo shoots, and television. Reptilia has provided reptiles for Guinness, Murdoch Mysteries, Canada's Greatest Know-It-All, YTV, Daily Planet, and other shows and productions.
Smith, M. A. 1941. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Reptilia and Batrachia. It is found in Mangalore and South Canara.
Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
An example of a well-established taxon that is not also a clade is the class Reptilia, the reptiles; birds are descendants of reptiles but are not included in the Reptilia (birds are included in the Aves).
Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. Found in Bengal, Kachchh, Bilaspur.
Reptilia and Batrachia Their length from snout to vent is about 2.5 in.
Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra. 313pp.
Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. – Serpentes. Secretary of State for India. (Taylor & Francis, Printers). London.
I. Abtheilung Palaeozoologie. III Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves). – XII + 900 pp., 719 figs.
"Corrections to species names recently placed in Kinyongia and Nadzikambia (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)". Zootaxa 1426: 68.
Senter, P. (2004). "Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida)." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2(3): 257-268.
For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class, including all living diapsids. The term reptiles is sometimes used as shorthand for 'non-avian Reptilia'. The earliest known proto-reptiles originated around 312 million years ago during the Carboniferous period, having evolved from advanced reptiliomorph tetrapods that became increasingly adapted to life on dry land. Some early examples include the lizard-like Hylonomus and Casineria.
In: E.M. Zhao, et al. Fauna Sinica, Reptilia, vol. 3, Serpentes. Science Press, Beijing, 1998: 318-320.
Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. From snout-to-vent length about .
The braincase of Youngina capensis (Reptilia, Diapsida): new insights from high- resolution CT scanning of the holotype.
Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp.
Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp.
Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp.
Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 p.
2A Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Biological Resources Studies, Canberra. They are viviparous and eat small invertebrates, especially grasshoppers.
Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp.
Comments on the taxonomic value of (sub)genera within the family Lacertidae (Reptilia). Amphibia-Reptilia 24 119-22. Both "Zootoca" and "vivipara" mean "live birth," in Greek and Latin respectively. It was called Lacerta vivipara until the genus Lacerta was split into nine genera in 2007 by Arnold, Arribas & Carranza.
Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.--Serpentes. Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xii + 583 pp.
This species of flying dragon is classified under the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Reptilia, order Squamata, and family Agamidae.
This stem-based definition is equivalent to the more common definition of Sauropsida, which Modesto and Anderson synonymized with Reptilia, since the latter is better known and more frequently used. Unlike most previous definitions of Reptilia, however, Modesto and Anderson's definition includes birds, as they are within the clade that includes both lizards and crocodiles.
Reptilia provides curriculum compliant educational programs from kindergarten to grade 12 along with specialized post secondary programs for first responders, educators, animal control officers and veterinarians. Educational programs are provided at Reptilia, as well as through the transportation of reptiles to various schools to provide lessons in school classrooms. Lessons are typically of 1 hour duration. Reptilia interacts closely with other educational organizations, supplying reptiles and other supplies to the Ontario Science Centre, helping the Toronto Zoo with their educational programs, and working with many of the schools in the Greater Toronto Area.
No femoral or preanal pores are found.Boulenger GA. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.—Sauria. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 440 pp.
Presently, this in the only site where Dactylosaurus remains are accessible to collect.Kowal-Linka M., Bodzioch A. 2012a. Warstwy kościonośne z Dactylosaurus (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) z retu (trias dolny, olenek) Opolszczyzny (Bonebeds with Dactylosaurus (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Röt (Lower Triassic, Olenekian) in the Opole Silesia region (S Poland). Przegląd Geologiczny 60 (12): 646–649Kowal-Linka M., Bodzioch A. 2012b.
Reptilia is a Japanese horror manga written and illustrated by Kazuo Umezu. The manga, titled in the original Japanese, is a series of three stories involving a shapeshifting snake-woman who haunts a Japanese village. It was originally published in 1966 by Kadokawa Shoten. Hebi shōjo was published in English under the title Reptilia by IDW Publishing in 2007.
Sauropsida and the traditional class Reptilia superimposed on a cladogram of Tetrapods, showing the difference in coverage The class Reptilia has been known to be an evolutionary grade rather than a clade for as long as evolution has been recognised. Reclassifying reptiles has been among the key aims of phylogenetic nomenclature.Gauthier, .A., Kluge, A.G & Rowe, T. (1988).
Based on morphological evidence, the South African genus Ichnotropis and the North American genus Psammodromus diverged from the lineage of Lacerta lepida and Lacerta monticola during the Oligocene epoch (24 to 36 million years ago).Busack, Stephen; Maxson, Linda (1986). "Molecular relationships among Iberian, Moroccan, and South African lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae)". Amphibia-Reptilia 8: 383-392.
Owen, R., 1853, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck formations, Palaeontological Society, London Remarkably, in 1859 he repeated his mistake by again referring iguanodontid vertebrae, specimens BMNH R1010 and R28635, to C. brevis.Owen, R., 1859, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck formations. Supplement no. II. Crocodilia (Streptospondylus, etc.). [Wealden.
But bony fish that breathe through their skin or lungs evolved into living vertebrates, and are more closely related to terrestrial vertebrates than to sharks and other cartilaginous fish. Another example is thermo-regulation in reptilia and birds. Reptilia are ectothermic (coldblooded) and birds are endothermic (warmblooded). This is plesiomorphic for birds and plesiomorphic for reptiles.
Boulenger GA. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Secretary of State for India in Council.
Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. From snout to vent 1.2 inches. Some adults have been observed dwelling in elephant dung.
The male has a subgular vocal sac.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. Females are larger than males.
H.G. Seeley. 1894. "Researches on the Structure, Organization, and Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. Part IX, Section 5. Abstract. On New Cynodontia".
Motani, R. (1997). Phylogeny of the Ichthyosauria (Amniota: Reptilia) with special reference to Triassic forms. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The calcaneum of Fenhosuchus seems to belong to an erythrosuchid or other basal archosauriform.Parrish, J. M. (1992). Phylogeny of the Erythrosuchidae (Reptilia: Archosauriformes).
"Temnodontosaurus risor is a Juvenile of T. platyodon (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14 (4): 472–479 to 12 m (39 ft).
Marsh, O. C., 1895, The Reptilia of the Baptanodon Beds: American Journal of Science, 3rd series, v. 34., n. 299, p. 405-406.
Cope, E.D. (1878). Descriptions of Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian Formation of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 17, no.
Smith MA (1937). "A review of the genus Lygosoma (Scincidae: Reptilia) and its allies". Records of the Indian Museum 39 (3): 213-234.
Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council.
Male mating spurs are also found in most species of the chameleon genus Chamaeleo.Boulenger, G.A., (1890). Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council.
Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council.
Species in the genus Psammophis feed principally on lizards.Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Based on morphological evidence the South African genus Ichnotropis and the North American genus Psammodromus diverged from a common ancestor from the lineage of Lacerta lepida and Lacerta monticola during the Oligocene epoch (24 to 36 million years ago).Busack, Stephan & Maxson, Linda. (1986). "Molecular relationships among Iberian, Moroccan, and South African lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae)". Amphibia-Reptilia 8. pp. 383-392.
Lydekker, R., 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Part I. The Orders Ornithosauria. Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata.
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers).
The turtle shell. In: Gans, C., Bellairs, D.d'A. and Parsons, T.A. (Eds). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol 1, Morphology A. London: Academic Press. pp.
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers).
Zhou, T.; McCord, W.; Blanck, T. & Li, P. P. (2007). "Cuora trifasciata and Cuora cyclornata - captive breeding in China". Reptilia (GB). (50): 68-73.
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers).
Micheli, M.A. Campbell, H. A. Autonomic control of heart rate exhibits diurnal shifts in a crocodilian.Amphibia-Reptilia, Vol. 29 Issue 4, 2008. 567-571.
"Molecular systematics of social skinks: phylogeny and taxonomy of the Egernia group (Reptilia: Scincidae)". Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 154 (4): 781-794. (HTML abstract).
Reptilia and Batrachia. From snout to vent 1.2 inches. Brahmagiri Hills, Coorg. The toad lives in crevices among small rocks to large boulders in streams.
Reptilia and Amphibia. It roosts on green foliage bearing trees like Azadirachta indica. Though very little knowledge is available in roosting ecology of the species.
Gehyra pamela is part of the Gehyra australis species complex.King, Max (1984). "The Gehyra australis species complex (Sauria: Gekkonidae)". Amphibia- Reptilia 4 (2): 147-169.
The under surfaces, limbs, and tail are black.Smith MA. 1935. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.--Sauria.
Based on morphological evidence from the capensis species, southern African genus Ichnotropis and North American genus Psammodromus diverged from a common ancestor in the lineage of Lacerta lepida and Lacerta monticola during the Oligocene epoch (24 to 36 million years ago).Busack, Stephan & Maxson, Linda. (1986) Molecular relationships among Iberian, Moroccan, and South African lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 8. pp. 383-392.
Smith MA (1935). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.—Sauria. London: Secretary of State for India in Council.
Orthologs have been found in mammalia, aves, reptilia, amphibia, osteichthyes; sarcopterygii and actinopterygii, ascidiacea, gastropoda, cephalopoda, insecta, and demospongiae. There are no paralogs within the human genome.
"Concerning Oligocene amphisbaenid reptiles." (1951).Berman, David S. "A new amphisbaenian (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia) from the Oligocene-Miocene John Day formation, Oregon." Journal of Paleontology (1976): 165-174.
These teeth tended to be transversely broader than Diademodon as well.Seeley, H. G. (1895). On the structure, organization and classification of the fossil Reptilia III. On Trirachodon.
Censky's ameiva was described in 1992 as Ameiva corax.Censky EJ, Paulson DR (1992). "Revision of Ameiva (Reptilia: Teiidae) of the Anguilla Bank, West Indies". Ann. Carnegie Mus.
Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Yale Univ. Bull 23:241. pp. During the 1990s, its size was revised to long;Lingham-Soliar, T. 1998.
Reptilia and Batrachia. British Museum. London. p. 369. Adults may attain 1.8 m (6 feet) in total length, with a tail 0.6 m (2 feet) long.Boulenger, G.A. 1896.
The male has enlarged femoral scales and 4-7 preanal pores.Smith MA (1935). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.—Sauria.
The family of Pygopods consists of 41 described species found only in Australia and New Guinea.Shea, G. (1993). Family pygopodidae. In Fauna of Australia volume 2A amphibia and reptilia.
Boulenger, G. A. 1890 Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. From snout to vent, it is up to 7 in long, with a prehensile tail of 8 in.
Coloration is as in Ophisops jerdonii, but the upper lateral light streak is frequently absent.Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Reptilia also has a number of classrooms and party rooms that can be rented out for activities such as birthday parties. Each room is named after a different reptile.
Reptilia (green field) is a paraphyletic group comprising all amniotes (Amniota) except for two subgroups: Mammalia (mammals) and Aves (birds); therefore, Reptilia is not a clade. In contrast, Amniota itself is a clade, which is a monophyletic group. Cladogram of the primates, showing a monophyly (the simians, in yellow), a paraphyly (the prosimians, in blue, including the red patch), and a polyphyly (the night-active primates, the lorises and the tarsiers, in red).
Mason, RT "Reptilian Pheromones." Biology of the Reptilia: Hormones, Brain, and Behavior. Ed. C Gans and D Crews. Vol. 18. Chicago and London: U of Chicago, 1992. 114–228. Print.
Gozzi, E. & Renesto, S.A. 2003. Complete specimen of Mystriosuchus (Reptilia, Phytosauria) from the Norian (Late Triassic) of Lombardy (Northern Italy). Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 109(3): 475-498.
Correlophus sarasinorum,Bauer AM, Jackman TR, Sadlier RA, Whitaker AH (2012). "Revision of the giant geckos of New Caledonia (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae: Rhacodactylus)". Zootaxa 3404: 1–52. (Correlophus sarasinorum, new combination).
The type species is A. gaudryi (commonly misspelled A. gaudrii after BoulengerBoulenger, G. A. (1883). Page 6 in "Reptilia and Batrachia". Rye, E. C. (ed.). The Zoological Record for 1883.
Bennett, A.F. (1982). The energetics of reptilian activity. Biology of the Reptilia, 13, 155-199. Reptiles as a whole made up 38% of the prey remains from Kruger National Park.
H. Haughton and A. S. Brink. 1954. A bibliographical list of Reptilia from the Karroo Beds of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 2:1–187 In 2001, James Allen Hopson e.a.
"Specific distinctness and biogeography of the dwarf chameleons Brookesia minima, B. peyrierasi and B. tuberculata (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae): evidence from hemipenial and external morphology". Journal of Zoology 247 (2): 225-238.
In Acleistorhinus the supraoccipital is rather plate-like. The reduction in the overall size of the supraoccipital allows for the development of large post-termporal fenestra, a characteristic of Reptilia.
Schwartz, Albert; Graham, Eugene D., Jr. (1980). "The shrevei group of Hispaniolan Sphaerodactylus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae)". Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 22 (1): 1-15. (Sphaerodactylus shrevei, pp. 3-4).
Chirindia, Zygaspis, Monopeltis, Dalophia).C. Gans, D. Kraklau, Studies on Amphisbaenians (Reptilia) 8. Two Genera of Small Species from East Africa 8. Two Genera of Small Species from East AfricaAm. Mus.
Skin smooth, the back with very flat, smooth, distinctly porous glandular patches; parotoids flat. Olive above, marbled with brown: beneath immaculate.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
1. Owen placed Labyrinthodon in Batrachia, a group that includes frogs, and classified Batrachia within Reptilia. What are today classified as reptiles (lizards, snakes, crocodilians and turtles) were called saurian reptiles.
Two species are known, Syllomus aegyptiacus (Lydekker, 1889) and S. crispatus Cope, 1896.Lydekker R.A. (1889). Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). III, Chelonia.
T. microlepis may attain a snout-to-vent length of , with a tail long.Smith MA (1935). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.—Sauria.
Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo- Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India.
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. British Museum (Natural History):London, 1-309.
Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.--Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India.
Sander, P. Martin, et al. "A New Pistosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Nevada and Its Implications for the Origin of the Plesiosaurs." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 17, no.
Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Publishing. cite The name is noted as invalid in some sources, and given as a synonym for Pogona brevis.Witten GJ. 1994. Taxonomy of Pogona (Reptilia: Lacertilia: Agamidae).
Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India.
The nasal bones of Dactylosaurus meet and are broadly structured.Rieppel, O & L Kebang (1995), "Pachypleurosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Lower Muschelkalk, and a review of the Pachypleurosauroidea." Fieldiana Geol. N.S. 32: 1-44.
Halpern, M "Nasal Chemical Senses in Reptiles: Structure and Function." Biology of the Reptilia: Hormones, Brain, and Behavior. Ed. D Crews. Vol. 18. Chicago and London: U of Chicago, 1992. 423–525. Print.
Chandramouli SR, Amarasinghe AAT (2020). "On two poorly known, insular skinks, Eutropis tytleri (Theobald, 1868) and E. andamanensis (Smith, 1935) (Reptilia: Scincidae), endemic to the Andaman Islands, India". Taprobanica 9 (1): 31–38.
The snout, chin, and anal region are whitish.Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo- Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes.
Olive above, spotted or marbled with blackish; a light vertebral band; beneath more or less spotted or marbled with blackish.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. Snout–vent length .
The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers).
The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo- Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers).
Macrurosaurus was by Seeley assigned to the Dinosauria. Richard Lydekker in 1888 understood it belonged to the Sauropoda.R. Lydekker. 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History).
New Mid- Cretaceous (Latest Albian) Dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia. PLOS ONE. 4: 7 e6190.Coombs, W.P. and Molnar, R.E., 1981, Sauropoda (Reptilia, Saurischia) from the Cretaceous of Queensland: Queensland Museum, Memoirs, v.
The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers).
Lydekker gave no reason for this choice;Lydekker, R., 1888, Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum. Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia and Proterosauria.
The term is commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in linguistics. The term was coined to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles and all descendants of that ancestor, including all extant reptiles as well as the extinct synapsids, except for mammals and birds. Other commonly recognized paraphyletic groups include fish, monkeys, and lizards.
A fossil melee involving a stegosaurian (Tuojiangosaurus) and a mid-sized theropod (Monolophosaurus), Field Museum in Chicago The Stegosauria was originally named as an order within Reptilia by O.C. Marsh in 1877,Marsh, O.C. (1877). "New order of extinct Reptilia (Stegosauria) from the Jurassic of the Rocky Mountains." American Journal of Science, 14(ser.3):513-514. although today they are generally treated as an infraorder or suborder — or more often an unranked clade — within the Thyreophora, the armored dinosaurs.
The ICZN published Grigg's case for suppressing the names provided in "A Synopsis of the Class Reptilia in Australia", "A Classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia", and "A Synopsis of the Amphibia and Reptilia of New Zealand" in the June 1987 issue of their journal, the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. Case 2531 received "strong arguments" from at least 91 writers and was characterized after the fact by "the usual professional decorum being notable by its absence in some of the attacks upon Wells and Wellington." In the initial case to suppress the names, Grigg gave several specific issues with the Wells and Wellington works. He wrote that their claim that they examined almost 40,000 specimens (translating to more than ten each day every day for ten years) was unlikely.
Pickering, London.OWEN, R. 1850. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the London Clay, and of the Bracklesham and other Tertiary beds, part II: Crocodilia (Crocodilus, etc.). Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London, 50 pp.
Greyish or reddish brown above, uniform or dotted or variegated with darker; lower surfaces uniform whitish.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. From snout to vent 2.25 inches; tail 2.25.
Senter, P. (2004). "Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida)." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2(3): 257-268. The tail of this genus was extremely deep and non-prehensile – much more fin-like than other drepanosaurs.
Reptilia and Batrachia. Head and body 1.5 inches in length. The species has been noted from Jalna in the Deccan region according to Boulenger but this may refer to the white- striped viper gecko.
E. miliaris is found in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina.Marques, Otavio A.V.; Eterovic, André; Endo, Whaldener (2001). "Seasonal activity of snakes in the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil". Amphibia-Reptilia 22: 103-111.
The skull of Trirachodon had a short, narrow snout with a wide orbital region. The zygomatic arches were relatively slender.Seeley, H. G. (1895). Researches on the structure, organization and classification of the fossil Reptilia.
The genus Calotes is still a heterogeneous group that may be divided into the C. versicolor and C. liocephalus groups.Smith MA. 1935. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia.
Schneider, H., Haxhiu, I. (1992): The distribution of the Epeirus frog (Rana epeirotica) in Albania. In: Amphibia-Reptilia. Volume 13, 1992, pp. 293–295. The species is collected from the wild for human consumption.
Unusual death of a Cretaceous giant. Lethaia 31:308–310. more recently, Johan Lindgren estimated that it reached lengths of up to .Johan Lindgren (2005) The first record of Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from Sweden.
A. ahmaddisii was first described in 2004 by Israeli herpetologist Yehudah L. Werner.Werner YL (2004). "A new species of the Acanthodactylus pardalis group (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from Jordan". Zoology in the Middle East 32: 39-45.
Bright green or bronzy olive above, the skin between the scales black; pale green or pale olive beneath, with a yellow line on each side.Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Illustration Eretmosaurus is an extinct genus of plesiosaur.Brown, David S., and Nathalie Bardet. "Plesiosaurus rugosus Owen, 1840 (currently Eretmosaurus rugosus; Reptilia, Plesiosauria): proposed designation of a neotype." Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 51.3 (1994): 247-249.
It cannot be defined > by synapomorphies, as is the proper way. Instead, it is defined by a > combination of the features it has and the features it lacks: reptiles are > the amniotes that lack fur or feathers. At best, the cladists suggest, we > could say that the traditional Reptilia are 'non-avian, non-mammalian > amniotes'. Despite the early proposals for replacing the paraphyletic Reptilia with a monophyletic Sauropsida, which includes birds, that term was never adopted widely or, when it was, was not applied consistently.
A monograph of the fossil Reptilia of the Liassic formations. Part I, Sauropterygia. Palaeontographical Society Monographs 17(75):1-40 and Seeley used NHMUK 14435 as the basis for coining a new genus for this species.
Milleretta is considered the leased derived member of the family, relative to Milleropsis and Millerosaurus.Gow, C.E. 1972. The osteology and relationships of the Millerettidae (Reptilia, Cotylosauria). Journal of the Zoological Society of London, l67:219-264.
Wild individuals average long,Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo- Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India.
On the nomenclature of the genus name Tribolodon (Osteichthyes and Reptilia). Journal of Paleontology 51(5):1046. Fossils of the genus were found in the Anisian Cynognathus Assemblage Zone of the Burgersdorp Formation of South Africa.
Each finger or toe has a slender distal clawed joint, angularly bent and rising from within the extremity of the dilated portion.Boulenger, G.A. (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Global diversity of lizards in freshwater (Reptilia: Lacertilia). Hydrobiologia 595(1): 581–586. They are threatened by both habitat loss and overcollection for the wild animal trade. They are the only members of the subfamily Hydrosaurinae.
The species formerly known as Bavayia madjo is now known as Paniegekko madjo.Bauer AM, Jackman TR, Sadlier RA, Whitaker AH (2012). "Revision of the giant geckos of New Caledonia (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae: Rhacodactylus)". Zootaxa 3404: 1-52.
The length from snout to vent (SVL) is about 3.75 inches (9.5 cm) and the tail measures 9.75 inches (24.8 cm).Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
London: 450 pp. It remained in that genus until 1984, when a revision by Wells and Wellington placed it in the genus Christinus.Wells RW, Wellington CR. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia.
Baird, D., and J. Horner. 1979. Cretaceous dinosaurs (Reptilia) of North Carolina. Brimleyana 2: 1–18. Dryptosaurus was the only large carnivore known in eastern North America until the discovery of the basal tyrannosauroid Appalachiosaurus in 2005.
Simolestes keileni sp. nov., un Pliosaure (Plesiosauria, Reptilia) du Bajocien supérieur de Lorraine (France). Bulletin des Académie et Société Lorraines des sciences, , 1994, tome 33, n°2, p. 77-95. 33. . and the Tithonian of India (S.indicus).
"Reptilia of the Triassic Formation of the United States". American Naturalist 4: 562-563. Belodon priscus (originally described as Compsosaurus priscus by Joseph Leidy in 1856),Leidy, J. (1856). "Notice of some remains of extinct vertebrated animals".
The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe. Revista del Museo de La Plata 29:35-167.Lydekker, R. (1888). Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History).
Monographs on the British Fossil Reptilia from the Kimmeridge Clay III: contains Pliosaurus grandis, Pliosaurus trochanterius, and Pliosaurus portlandicus. Palaeontographical Society Monographs 22(98):1-12 while John Whitaker Hulke erected the species Plesiosaurus manselii for an incomplete postcranial skeleton (NHMUK 40106) from Kimmeridge, Dorset.R. Owen. 1869. Monographs on the British Fossil Reptilia from the Kimmeridge Clay III: contains Pliosaurus grandis, Pliosaurus trochanterius, and Pliosaurus portlandicus. Palaeontographical Society Monographs 22(98):1-12 Harry Govier Seeley came to recognize Plesiosaurus megadeirus as generically distinct, and coined the name Colymbosaurus for the species.H. G. Seeley. 1874.
Males and females are thought to differ in humeral size and shape. Any pachyostosis of the ribs is absent in Serpianosaurus specimens.Rieppel, O. (1989). A New Pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland.
In 1994, Angolasaurus was synonymized with this genus.Lingham-Soliar T. 1994. The mosasaur "Angolasaurus" bocagei (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian of Angola reinterpreted as the earliest member of the genus Platecarpus. Palaeont. Z. 68 (1/2): 267–282.
In: Gans, C and Parsons, T. S. Biology of the Reptilia, v.4, (.1. M.): 285-490, fig 1-169. or was proposed to be closely related to a group fossorial skinks with elongated bodies and reduced limbs.
In: Gans C, Billett F, editors. Biology of the reptilia. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 301–410 C. marmoratus hatchlings do not have any fat in the tail, and they drop it more readily than adults do.
The Plesiosauridae are a monophyletic group of plesiosaurs.Ketchum, H. F., and Benson, R. B. J., 2010. "Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses". Biological Reviews, v.
On Reptilia and Batrachia, he wrote at least 15 papers, and described over 40 new species of reptiles"Beddome". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. and amphibians."Beddome". Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference. research.amnh.org/vz/amphibia.
Owen, R. (1851). Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. The Palaeontographical Society 5(11):1-118. In 1861, further pterosaur specimens were found in the UK, and were given the new species Pterodactylus simus by Owen.
Swaranjit Sen was made ChairpersonJaved, S.M.M., F. Tampal & C. Srinivasulu (2010). First record of Coelognathus radiatus (Boie, 1827) (Reptilia: Colubridae) from the Ananthagiri Hills, Eastern Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(9): 1172-1174. of Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation.
A new species, E. borrii, found in Somalia, was described by Lanza and Nistri (2005).Lanza B, Nistri A (2005). "Somali Boidae (genus Eryx Daudin 1803) and Pythonidae (genus Python Daudin 1803) (Reptilia Serpentes)". Tropical Zoology 18 (1): 67-136.
Zhao X., "The Jurassic Reptilia". In: He had earlier mentioned these species in an unpublished dissertation of 1983, implying they initially were invalid nomina ex dissertatione. However, his 1985 publication did not contain descriptions so the names are still nomina nuda.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 118:392–407.Cluver, M. A., & Hotton, N. 1981. The genera Dicynodon and Diictodon and their bearing on the classification or the Dicynodontia (Reptilia, Therapsida). Annals of the South African Museum 83:99–146.
Bauer, Aaron M., Todd R. Jackman, Ross A. Sadlier and Anthony H. Whitaker (2012). "Revision of the giant geckos of New Caledonia (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae: Rhacodactylus)". Zootaxa 3404: 1–52. Several fish species commemorate his name, an example being Paracanthobrama guichenoti.
The type species, H. boscarollii, was described by Dalla Vecchia in 1998.Dalla Vecchia, F. M. (1998). Remains of Sauropoda (Reptilia, Saurischia) in the Lower Cretaceous (Upper Hauterivian/Lower Barremian) limestones of SW Istria (Croatia). Geologica Croatica 51(2): 105-134.
V. storri is found in the seasonal tropical regions of Australia, specifically in rocky environments.James, Craig D.; Losos, Jonathan B.; King, Dennis R. (1992). "Reproductive Biology and Diets of Goannas (Reptilia: Varanidae) from Australia". Journal of Herpetology 26: 128–136.
"A new replacement name for Diceratops Lull, 1905 (Reptilia: Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)." Zoosystematica Rossica, 16(2), 20 December 2007: 292. Unaware that Ukrainsky had already renamed the animal, Octávio Mateus coined another new name for it in 2008, Diceratus.Ukrainsky, A.S. (2009).
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. British Museum (Natural History):London, 1-309. then to Pelorosaurus as P. manseli.von Huene, F. (1909).
The only documented sighting is that by a Maori chief who found and killed one in 1870.Bauer AM, Russell AP. "Hoplodactylus delcourti n. sp. (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), the largest known gecko" , New Zealand Journal of Zoology (1986), Vol. 13: 141–148.
Hoplodactylus delcourti, also commonly known as kawekaweau,Bauer AM, Russell AP (1986). "Hoplodactylus delcourti n. sp. (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), the largest known gecko" , New Zealand Journal of Zoology 13: 141–148. Delcourt's sticky- toed geckoBeolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
Temnodontosaurus eurycephalus is an extinct species of marine reptile.C. McGowan. 1974. A revision of the longipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England, with descriptions of two new species (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Life Sciences Contribution of the Royal Ontario Museum 97.
Gibbons, J. W., J. L. Green. (1978). Selected aspects of the ecology of the chicken turtle, Deirochelys reticularia (Latreille) (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae). J. Herpetol. 12:237-241. There, it is known to inhabit still waters, ponds, ditches, sloughs, and swamps.
In 1876, Richard Owen named a suborder Theriodontia, which he divided into the Cynodontia and the Gomphodontia.Owen, R. 1876. Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the collection of the British Museum. London. Taylor and Francis.
In his early ages, Brongniart focused on the studies of reptiles and published Essai dune classification naturally des reptiles in 1800, which he compared the anatomy of reptiles in order to classify them into different groups. The four classifications were Chelonia, Sauria, Ophidia and Batrachia. However, even-though he classified Batrachia as a sub-class of Reptilia, Brongniart noticed a huge difference in the anatomy of Batrachia compared to the rest of the class. This problem was resolved in 1804 by Pierre Latreille by replacing Batrachia into a class called Amphibians, and the rest of the Reptilia grouping was retained.
The typical habitat of Duméril's fringe-fingered lizard is mainly found in the deserts of Algeria, Libya, Morocco,D. J. Harris, M. A. Carretero, J. C. Brito, A. Kaliotzopoulou, C. Pinho, A. Perera, R. Vasconcelos, M. Barata, D. Barbosa, S. Carvalho, M. M. Fonseca, G. Perez- Lanuza, C. Rato: Data on the distribution of the terrestrial herpetofauna of Morocco: records from 2001-2006. Mauretania, Senegal, TunisiaS. Nouira, C. P. Blanc: Distribution spatiale des Lacertides (Sauria, Reptilia) en Tunisie; caractéristiques des biotopes et rôle des facteurs écologiques - Geographic distribution of Lacertids (Sauria, Reptilia) in Tunisia; Biotope characteristics and influence of ecological factors.
Utatsusaurs, another close relative. Unlike some basal ichthyosaurs, Parvinatator's forefin appears well adapted for aquatic life, although it was probably used for controlling pitch rather than locomotion.McGowan, C. (1973). Differential growth in three ichthyosaurs: Ichthyosaurus communis, I. breviceps, and Stenopterygius quadriscissus (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria).
A new aetosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Texas and the phylogeny of aetosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(1):50-68.Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P., and Spielmann, J. A. (2007). Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revised.
R. B. J. Benson, H. F. Ketchum, L. F. Noe and M. Gomez-Perez. 2011. "New information on Hauffiosaurus (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) based on a new species from the Alum Shale Member (Lower Toarcian: Lower Jurassic) of Yorkshire, UK". Palaeontology 54(3):547-571.
R. Owen, 1859, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck formations. Supplement no. II. Crocodilia, The Palaeontographical Society, London 1857: 20-44 In 1861, Owen concentrated all such forms in a group of their own: the Opisthocoelia.R. Owen. 1861.
Reptilia and Amphibia. In 1856 he was made Naturalist to the Government of Ceylon. His first work was to study the pearl fisheries. His taxonomic contributions included the description of 16 species of Turbellaria, 22 species of Actiniaria and 63 species of Nudibranchia.
Uracentron is a genus of tropidurid lizards found in forests in northern South America. It contains only two species, which are both arboreal, have a relatively short spiny tail, and mainly feed on ants.Avila-Pires (1995). Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata).
Ventrally, except for the whitish throat area, it is gray with large squarish or crescent-shaped yellow spots.Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes.
More recent research has shown that while mobile, the neck of plesiosauromorphs was not as flexible as previously thought.Zammit M. 2008. Elasmosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) neck flexibility: Implications for feeding strategies. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology , 150, 2, 124-130.
Additionally, Reptilia has been revised into a monophyletic group and is considered entirely distinct from Synapsida, being the sister group of Synapsida within Amniota. Although Synapsida includes modern mammals, the term is most often used when referring to non-mammalian, non-therapsid synapsids.
ERICKSON, B. R. (1985). ASPECTS OF SOME ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF CHAMPSOSAURUS (REPTILIA: EOSUCHIA). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY, 5(2), 111-127. Champsosaurus, like many of its fellow neochoristoderes, features teeth with striated enamel of the tooth crown with enamel infolding at the base.
Global interrelationships of Plesiosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses. Biological Reviews It was later found to be a species of Microcleidus. The following cladogram follows an analysis by Ketchum & Benson, 2011.
"Monograph of the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. Part I. Pterosauria", Palaeontographical Society of London, 27: 1-14 Cast of D. macronyx specimen NHMUK PV OR 41212 Meanwhile, though Dimorphodon is not a very common fossil, other fragmentary specimens were found.
Olive or bronzy above, with black spots usually forming longitudinal series, sometimes forming a network; frequently and or two light longitudinal streaks on each side; lower surfaces white.Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
A new subspecies, A. b. lemosespinali, was described by H. M. Smith & Chiszar (2001) based on a single specimen from near Palma Sola, Veracruz, Mexico.Smith H. M., Chiszar D.. 2001. A new subspecies of cantil (Agkistrodon bilineatus) from Central Veracruz, Mexico (Reptilia: Serpentes).
Lizard in the clouds: a new highland genus and species of Gymnophthalmidae (Reptilia: Squamata) from Maringma tepui, western Guyana. Zootaxa 1992: 53–67. []Kok, P.J.R., R.D. MacCulloch, D.B. Means, K. Roelants, I. Van Bocxlaer & F. Bossuyt (7 August 2012). Current Biology 22(15): R589–R590.
Olive or brownish above, black-spotted, and with 3 more or less distinct light longitudinal streaks, the vertebral sometimes absent; flanks white-spotted; a short horizontal white streak below the eye; lower surfaces whitish.Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Amphibia.
Intraorganismal homology, character construction, and the phylogeny of aetosaurian archosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida). Systematic Biology 52(2):239-252. The presence of elongate lateral osteoderm horns is shared by all of these genera, which make up the subfamily Desmatosuchinae.Martz, J. W. and Small, B. J. (2006).
Lizard in the clouds: a new highland genus and species of Gymnophthalmidae (Reptilia: Squamata) from Maringma tepui, western Guyana. Zootaxa 1992: 53–67. []Kok, P.J.R., R.D. MacCulloch, D.B. Means, K. Roelants, I. Van Bocxlaer & F. Bossuyt (7 August 2012). Current Biology 22(15): R589–R590.
Journal Geological Society of India. 76:251-266. The Tiki Formation contains well preserved and varied vertebrate assemblages including fish, amphibians, reptilian, and mammalian amniotes.Mukherjee, Debarati and Ray Sanghamitra. 2012. Taphonomy of an Upper Triassic Vertebrate Bonebed: a New Rhynchosaur (Reptilia; Archosauromorpha) Accumulation from India.
Cetiosauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs which was first proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1888.R. Lydekker. 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria.
Rieppel, C. (1994). The status of Anarosaurus multidentatus von Huen (Reptilia, Sauropterygia), from the Lower Anisian of the Lechtaler Alps (Arlberg, Austria). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 69(1-2):289-299. Certain aspects of its morphology also suggest it is one of the most basal forms.
C. antiquus is restricted to the area of Sierra San Lorenzo Texas and Sierra Solis in extreme southwestern Coahuila state.McGuire, Jimmy A. (1996). "Phylogenetic Systematics of Crotaphytid Lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae)". Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History (32): iv + 1-143, 52 figures.
English paleontologist Harry Govier Seeley, who described the genus, first mentioned the holotype (SMC B53408), a maxilla or upper jaw bone, in 1869.Seeley, H.G. (1869). Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia from the Secondary Strata. Cambridge University Press:Cambridge, 143 p.
Philippine sailfin lizard at Bristol Zoo The Philippine sailfin lizard is an excellent swimmer and has flattened toes that enable it to run across water, similar to the basilisks.Jackman Bauer (2008). Global diversity of lizards in freshwater (Reptilia: Lacertilia). Hydrobiologia 595(1): 581–586.
Pterodactylus sedgwickii had in 1859 been named by Richard Owen based on specimen CAMSM B54422, the front part of a snout from the Cambridge Greensand. Its specific name honors Adam Sedgwick.Owen, R., 1859, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous formations. Supplement no.
Microcoelus (meaning "small hollow") is a dubius genus of small Titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur native to Argentina.A. Otero and M. Reguero. (2013). "Dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) at Museo de La Plata, Argentina: annotated catalogue of the type material and Antarctic specimens." Palaeontologia Electronica, 16(1): 1–24.
At first, only spiralbound printouts of the issue were reported as being available although in September 1985, several professionally printed copies were distributed in Brisbane. The issue contained two articles, both coauthored by Wells and Wellington. The first, "A Classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia", reassessed Australia's amphibians, naming at least 57 novel genera, resurrecting nine more from synonym status, naming 146 novel species, and resurrecting 110 from synonym status. The second, "A Synopsis of the Amphibia and Reptilia of New Zealand", offered a similar treatment to New Zealand's amphibian and reptile classes, naming four novel genera and elevating or describing six new species.
A number of phylogenetic stem, node and crown definitions have been published, anchored in a variety of fossil and extant organisms, thus there is currently no consensus of the actual definition (and thus content) of Sauropsida as a phylogenetic unit. Some taxonomists, such as Benton (2004), have co-opted the term to fit into traditional rank-based classifications, making Sauropsida and Synapsida class- level taxa to replace the traditional Class Reptilia, while Modesto and Anderson (2004), using the PhyloCode standard, have suggested replacing the name Sauropsida with their redefinition of Reptilia, arguing that the latter is by far better known and should have priority.
Plate XLVII of Animalia Qvadrvpedia et Reptilia (Terra) by Joris Hoefnagel, circa 1575, showing a "horned hare" Stories or descriptions of animal hybrids have appeared in many cultures worldwide. A 13th-century Persian work depicts a rabbit with a single horn, like a unicorn. In Europe, the horned rabbit appeared in Medieval and Renaissance folklore in Bavaria (the wolpertinger) and elsewhere. Natural history texts such as Historiae Naturalis de Quadrupetibus Libri (The History Book of Natural Quadrangles) by Joannes Jonstonus (John Jonston) in the 17th century and illustrations such as Animalia Qvadrvpedia et Reptilia (Terra): Plate XLVII by Joris Hoefnagel (1522–1600) in the 16th century included the horned hare.
Bearded dragon (pogona) skeleton on display at the Museum of Osteology When Sauropsida was used, it often had the same content or even the same definition as Reptilia. In 1988, Jacques Gauthier proposed a cladistic definition of Reptilia as a monophyletic node-based crown group containing turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, and birds, their common ancestor and all its descendants. While Gauthier's definition was close to the modern consensus, nonetheless, it became considered inadequate because the actual relationship of turtles to other reptiles was not yet well understood at this time. Major revisions since have included the reassignment of synapsids as non-reptiles, and classification of turtles as diapsids.
Later that year, British paleontologist Sir Richard Owen had also unearthed several fossil specimens in the Chalk Formation, in which he assigned them as Pterodactylus compressirostris during its description.Owen, R. (1851). Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. The Palaeontographical Society 5(11):1-118.
Protobothrops kaulbacki had originally been known only from the type locality, which is "Pangnamdim, north of the Triangle, Upper Burma" (Myanmar). In 2005 it was reported that it is also found in China.Rao D, Zhao E (2005). "A New Record from China – Protobothrops kaulbacki (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae)".
He entered the Army, obtaining a direct cadetship in 1848 in the East India Company's service, and sent to India was posted to the 42nd Madras Native InfantrySmith MA (1931). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I.—Loricata, Testudines.
Cogger, H 1993 Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Biological Resources Studies, Canberra. Caudal autotomy in snakes is rare and is intervertebral, unlike that in lizards, which is intravertebral—that is, the break happens along a predefined fracture plane present on a vertebra.
First record of Metriorhynchus (Reptilia: Crocodyliformes) in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Paleontology 79 (4): 801–805. However, phylogenetic analysis has shown that these species cannot be referred to Metriorhynchus.Young, Mark T., Brusatte, Stephen L., Ruta, M., Andrade, Marco B. 2010.
Sharp dissecting or microsurgical scissors are used to clip specific ventrals on snakes. A serial enumeration system is used so that individuals can be identified based on the scarring pattern.Brown WS and Parker WS. 1976. A Ventral Scale Clipping System for Permanently Marking Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes).
Olivaceous above, with round yellowish black-edged spots, the black frequently forming a network; vertebral region yellowish, limbs with more or less distinct yellowish cross bars; lower surface yellowish in the female, blackish in the breeding male.Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Restoration At 68 cervical vertebrae, Mauisaurus is notable for having one of the longest necks (in terms of vertebra number) of any plesiosaur. Mauisaurus was fairly large, reaching over in length.Hiller, N., Mannering, A.A., Jones, C.M., Cruickshank, A.R.I. (2005). The nature of Mauisaurus haasti Hector, 1874 (Reptilia: Plesiosauria).
Sea turtle laying eggs Sea turtles are amphibious reptiles, but they are not amphibians. Reptiles belong to the class Reptilia while amphibians belong to the class Amphibia. These are two distinct taxonomic groups. Reptiles have scales and leathery skins, while the skins of amphibians are smooth and porous.
The male has two well-developed internal subgular vocal sacs.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia From snout to vent, it averages 2.5 inches. It is found in the drier regions of India from the Punjab and Sind to southern India and Sri Lanka.
Because of this revision, megadeirus was resurrected as the epithet of the type species of Colymbosaurus.Benson RBJ, Bowdler T. 2014. Anatomy of Colymbosaurus (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the U.K., and high diversity among Late Jurassic plesiosauroids. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34(5), 1053-1071.
In: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons, eds., The Biology of the Reptilia 4:201-262. London: Academic Press. The trend for a long, narrow rostrum developing progressively over time as seen in Eogavialis has been used to suggest that the genus was a direct ancestor of Gavialis.
However, this is actually a case of convergent evolution between cryptoclidids and elasmosaurs.O’Keefe FR. 2002. The evolution of plesiosaur and pliosaur morphotypes in the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). Paleobiology, 28, 1, 101-112 The clade of cryptoclidids creates a unique tree in relation to the paleomorphology of discovered specimens.
Although Seeley assigned Anoplosaurus to a general Dinosauria, he understood its possible affinities with Scelidosaurus or Polacanthus, as shown by the genus name, and other workers began to see it as an armored dinosaur.Zittel, K.A. (1893). Traité de Paléontologie III, Paléozoologie, Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves). Paris:Doin, xii-894.
Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1-87 Galton and Cluver (1976) as well as Galton and Upchurch (2004), however, designated this genus a nomen dubium.P. M. Galton and M. A. Cluver. 1976. Anchisaurus capensis (Broom) and a revision of the Anchisauridae (Reptilia, Saurischia).
Plateosauria is a clade of sauropodomorph dinosaurs which lived during the Late Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. The name Plateosauria was first coined by Gustav Tornier in 1913.Tornier, G., 1913, "Reptilia (Paläontologie)" In: Handwörterbuch Naturwissenschaften 8: 337-376 The name afterwards fell out of use until the 1980s.
They live in tropical rainforest and montane forest habitats. These secretive skinks silently move through thick leaf- litter on forest floor. They are all endemic to the Western Ghats mountains Ganesh, S. R., & GOWRI SHANKAR, P. (2009). Range extension of Kaestlea beddomeii (Boulenger, 1887)(in part)(Reptilia: Sauria: Scincidae).
C. marmoratus is Australia’s most southerly gecko. It occurs from northeastern New South Wales to southwestern Western Australia, as well as a number of islands off the coasts of South Australia and Western Australia.King M, Rofe R. 1976. Karyotypic variation in the Australian Gekko Phyllodactylus marmoratus (Gray) (Gekkonidae: Reptilia).
Probably during the early 1850s, fossil collector Samuel Husbands Beckles discovered some nodules with dinosaur bones in a quarry near Battle, East Sussex. These he sent to palaeontologist Richard Owen, who reported them in 1856.Owen, R., 1856, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden Formation. Part IV. Palaeontographical Society Monographs 10, 26 pp Owen had a lithograph made by Joseph Dinkel of the main specimen, a series of three back vertebrae with very tall spines, whose image was also shown in an 1884 edition of an 1855 volume of his standard work on British fossil reptiles,Owen, R., 1855, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck formations.
2, p. 96.Owen R. (1859) Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous formations. Supplement no. I. Palaeontographical Society, London, 19 pp. Lydekker (1888) and Hooley (1914) tentatively referred it to Ornithocheirus, although the holotype NHM UK 2353/2353a doesn't overlap with the holotype of the Ornithocheirus type species.
The holotype and referred material of Apachesuchus were initially described by Heckert et al. (2001) as similar to the South American Neoaetosauroides.Heckert et al. (2001) Heckert AB, Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Harris JD. A giant phytosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) skull from the Redonda Formation (Upper Triassic: Apachean) of east-central New Mexico.
Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia This genus was previously assigned to the Bufo melanostictus group. Frost et al. suggested that species of the genus Duttaphrynus are only distantly related to other Asiatic bufonids and consequently moved these species to a separate genus in 2006.
Thaisaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyopterygian marine reptile that lived during the Early Triassic. Fossils have been found in Thailand.New Material of Qianichtyosaurus Li, 1999 (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the late Triassic of southern China, and Implications for the Distribution of Triassic Ichthyosaurs. Elizabeth L. Nicholls, Chen Wei, Makoto Manabe.
R. Lydekker. 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I, Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. British Museum (Natural History), London 309 pp For a long time this functioned as a large ill-defined family of typically "primitive" sauropods.
Chelydropsis is an extinct genus in the family of snapping turtle that lived from the Oligocene to the Pliocene in Asia and Europe.Klein N. and T. Mors. (2003). Die Schildkroten (Reptilia: Testudines) aus dem Mittel-Miozan von Hambach (Niederrheinische Bucht, NW-Deutschland). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 268(1-3):1-48.
An attempt to describe it as Chelodina rankini was made by Wells and Wellington (1985)Wells R, Wellington R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplementary Series 1: 1-61. however this was shown to be a nomen nudum by Iverson et al.
Cluver, M. A., and G.M. King. 1983. A reassessment of the relationships of Permian Dicynodontia (Reptilia, Therapsida) and a new classification of dicynodonts. Annals of the South African Museum, 91: 195-273. This later lead King to classify Odontocylops, not as its own genus, but as a synonym for Dicynodon.
The solid, barrel- bodied creatures had a sprawling stance with a flexible backbone, which likely gave them a lizard-like appearance as they moved.King, G. (1981). The postcranial skeleton of Robertia broomiana, an early dicynodont (Reptilia, therapsida) from the South African karoo. Annals of the South African Museum 84: 203-231.
It would have coexisted with AcadiellaH.-D. Sues and D. Baird. 1998. Procolophonidae (Reptilia: Parareptilia) from the Upper Triassic Wolfville Formation of Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(3):525-532, Arctotraversodon, 'Arctosuchus buceros (?),The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Haligonia, Scoloparia and Teraterpeton.
The cladistic analysis of Coeruleodraco by Matsumoto et al. (2019) also found Lazarussuchus to be more derived than Cteniogenys or Coeruleodraco.Matsumoto, Ryoko; Dong, Liping; Wang, Yuan; Evans, Susan E. (2019). "The first record of a nearly complete choristodere (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Jurassic of Hebei Province, People's Republic of China".
The longest banded krait measured was long, but normally the length encountered is . The snake has an entire anal plate and single subcaudals. The tail is small, about one-tenth the length of the snake.Boulenger, George A., (1890), The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Reptilia and Batrachia.
Reptilia and Batrachia. This species attains a maximum length of 8 inches, of which the tail takes 5 inches. From snout to vent 3-5 inches. Ebanasar (1989) reported the histomorphology of thyroid gland and thyroid activity in Sitana ponticeriana in juveniles, males and females with different ovary maturation stages.
On that occasion the type species Scelidosaurus harrisonii was named, the specific name honouring Harrison. The skull later was revealed to be part of a nearly complete skeleton, that was described by Owen in 1863.R. Owen, 1863, A monograph of the fossil Reptilia of the Liassic Formations. Part 2.
Males can reach up to in snout–vent length, while the smaller females only reach .Avila-Pires (1995). Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299(1): 1-706 They have a large, flat tail covered in scales that ends in a point; the function of these scales is currently unclear.
Schumacher, B. A. 2007. A new polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia; Sauropterygia) from the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous; lower upper Cenomanian), Black Hills, South Dakota. in Marin, J.E., and Parris, D.C., eds., The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas: Geological Society of America Special Paper 427, p. 133-146.
Seeley H. G. "Researches on the structure, organisation, and classification of the fossil reptilia. Part IX. Section 1. On the therosuchia. (Abstract)" The Royal Society 55, 224-226 (1894) In 1964 Cox sorted out all of the taxa of endothiodonts and found that the characters originally separating the four genera were not valid.
Thomas Caverhill JerdonHis obituary in The Ibis 1872 (p. 342) and all other works spell his name as Thomas Caverhill Jerdon. This spelling is also found in Hume's Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds Volume 1 (1889); M. A. Smith's The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia Volume 1.
M. beloclis fossils When Harry Seeley first described Muraenosaurus it was thought to belong to Elasmosauridae instead of Cryptoclididae. Muraenosaurs and elasmosaurs share a plesiosauromorph body type typified by having a small head at the end of a long neck.O’Keefe, FR. 2001. A cladistics analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia).
Ianthodon belongs to the clade Sphenodontia within the clade Sphenocomorpha. It played an important role in understanding the initial evolution of Sphenacodonts.Currie, P. J.: A new haptodontine sphenacodont (Reptilia: Pelycosauria) from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America, J. Paleontol., 51, 927–942, 1977 It also provided important evidence of the reptilian-mammal transition.
H. G. Seeley. 1888. Croonian Lecture: Researches on the Structure, Organization, and Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. II. On Pareiasaurus bombidens (Owen), and the Significance of Its Affinities to Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 179:59-109 Lee (1997) classified Parasaurus as a nomen dubium.
Incomplete skull specimens of Dakosaurus have been discovered in Kimmeridgian age rocks from Mexico.Buchy M-C. 2008. New occurrence of the genus Dakosaurus (Reptilia, Thalattosuchia) in the Upper Jurassic of north-eastern Mexico with comments upon skull architecture of Dakosaurus and Geosaurus. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 249 (1): 1-8.
They also lack postaxial accessory facets.Patrick S. Druckenmiller and Anthony P. Russell., "A new Elasmosaurid Plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Northeastern Alberta, Canada". Vertebrate Morphology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Another nearly complete skeleton was found to be slightly more robust than the holotype specimen.
Tail cylindrical, slightly depressed, tapering, covered above with minute scales and transverse series of large keeled tubercles, beneath with a series of large transversely dilated plates. Light brown or grayish above, spotted with darker; many of the tubercles white, lower surfaces white.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Bronzy olive above, aides dark brown; a light, black-edged streak on each side, from the prefrontal and along the supraciliaries to the anterior third of the back, where it gradually disappears ; a light streak from below the eye to the shoulder; lower surfaces whitish.Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Amphibia.
Fish were the main prey of black caimans of over subadult size in Manú National Park, Peru.Wright, L. (1982). The IUCN Amphibia-Reptilia red data book (Vol. 1). IUCN. Various prey will be taken by availability, includes snakes, turtles, birds and mammals, the latter two mainly when they come to drink at the river banks.
Dicynodontoides was first described by Owen in 1876 based on a poorly preserved, but fairly complete skull and mandible, and was originally referred to the genus Dicynodon.Owen, R. 1876. Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum of Natural History, London, 88 pp.
"Interpopulation variation in sexual dimorphism, reproductive output, and parasitism of Liophis miliaris (Colubridae) in the Atlantic forest of Brazil". Amphibia-Reptilia 27 (1): 37-46. A study indicated that females with oviductal eggs did not feed, whereas those E. miliaris snakes with secondary vitellogenic follicles fed more often than did the non-reproductive females.
Acritoscincus is a genus of Australian skinks (family Scincidae). It belongs to the Eugongylus group; the genus Oligosoma appears to be a fairly close relative. (2006): Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 503–511.
ICZN (1993). "Opinion 1734: Ichthyosaurus trigonus Owen, 1840 (currently Macropterygius trigonus; Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia): neotype replaced by rediscovered holotype." Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 50: 184-185. In 2000, Bardet and Fernández found that the holotype specimen of Macropterygius trigonus is undiagnosible beyond the level of Ophthalmosauridae, thus this genus and species were considered nomena dubia.
Monographs of the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic formations (part III) (genera Bothriospondylus, Cetiosaurus, Omosaurus). Palaeontographical Society Monographs 29:15-93. Richard Lydekker formalized this view in a roundabout way in 1890, by assigning Cetiosaurus oxoniensis to Cardiodon on the basis of teeth from Oxfordshire associated with a skeleton of C. oxoniensis.Lydekker, R. (1890).
In C. Gans and D. Crews, Hormones, brain and behavior: Biology of the reptilia, vol. 13, physiology E, pp. 70-113. Joan Roughgarden, a biologist and Darwin-critic, rejected use of the term in the reptile literature, as she says it is "degrading and has been borrowed from the porn industry."Flam, Faye (2008).
Mem Asiatic Soc Bengal Calcutta 1: 183-202. Subsequently, it was incorrectly identified and only recently, elaborate descriptions and molecular data are available, enabling a proper identificationGanesh, S. R., & Chandramouli, S. R. (2010). Rediscovery of Hemidactylus scabriceps (Annandale, 1906)(Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Eastern Tamil Nadu, India. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17(1), 70-74..
The original Reptilia zoo was established in Vaughan; it is housed in a facility. In 2018, it opened a second location in Whitby in a former Rona store. In late 2018, it announced plans to create similar zoos in London and Barrie. London City Council rejected the proposal for a reptile zoo in Westmount Mall.
Adults vary in size from , but can get much larger. The species is endemic to the loess scrublands of the Negev desert in Israel and the Palestinian Territories, a biodiversity hotspot.Moravec J, Baha-El Din S, Seligmann H, Sivan N, Werner YL (1999). "Systematics and distribution of the Acanthodactylus pardalis group (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae) in Egypt and Israel".
"História natural do cágado Hydromedusa maximiliani (Mikan, 1820) no Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho, SP, região de Mata Atlântica (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae)". Masters Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. (in Portuguese). Because of the dense canopy and closed understory of the forests the streams receive little sunlight making basking only possible in gaps along the stream.
Tollman, S. M., F. E. Grine, and B. D. Hahn. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in Aulacephalodon (Reptilia, Anomodontia). South African Museum, 1980. Comparison of juvenile and mature individuals suggest that Aulacephalodon demonstrated a positive allometric growth pattern for their cranial features and a negative allometric growth pattern for their tusk and orbit size as ontogenetic age increases.
Seeley, H.G. (1869). Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria and Reptilia, from the Secondary system of strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge, 143 pp. None have ever been formally described, and since so much time has passed, the original remains may have been lost or renamed something else by now.
He then published a book called The Ornithosauria (meaning "bird lizard"), in reference to the relationship of birds and pterosaurs.Seeley, H.G., 1869, Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata, arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. St. John's College, Cambridge 8: 143. Seeley, H.G. (1870).
In New Zealand O. roimata is endemic to the Poor Knights Islands, off the east coast of the Northland region. It is known to be present on the island of Aorangi.Patterson, G.B.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Chapple, D.G. 2013: Taxonomic revision of the ornate skink (Oligosoma ornatum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex from northern New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3736(1): 54-68.
Evolution of fish-shaped reptiles (Reptilia : Ichthyopterygia) in their physical environments and constraints. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 33: 395-420 The largest eyes measured belonged to the species T. platyodon. Despite the enormous size of its eyes, Temnodontosaurus had blind spots directly above its head due to the angle at which its eyes were pointed.
Cynosaurus was first described by Richard Owen in 1876. Owen wrote and journal titled “Descriptive and illustrated catalog of the fossil reptilia of South Africa in the collection of the British Museum” in 1876. Owen named the fossil Cynosuchus suppostus Owen, 1876 which later gets renamed as Cynosaurus by K. Schmidt in 1927.K. Schmidt. 1927.
Cynosphenodon ( ; "Dog Sphenodontian") is an extinct genus of the family Sphenodontidae from the Middle Jurassic La Boca Formation of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Growth patterns in the teeth of Cynosphenodon suggest its close relationship with the modern tuatara.Reynoso, V. H. (2003). Growth patterns and ontogenetic variation of the teeth and jaws of the Middle Jurassic sphenodontian Cynosphenodon huizachalensis (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalia).
In the ICZN Code, the two taxa are orders of equal rank. Molecular studies, however, have shown that the Cetacea descend from artiodactyl ancestors, although the precise phylogeny within the order remains uncertain. Without the Cetacean descendants the Artiodactyls must be paraphyletic. The class Reptilia, as traditionally defined, is paraphyletic because it excludes birds (class Aves) and mammals.
Negativland Discography at The Skeptic Tank. American Indie Rock band The Strokes used promotional artwork for the game on their 2003 single, Reptilia. Centipede appears in the film Pixels. In May 2016, It was announced that Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films has closed a deal to partner with Atari to produce and finance both Centipede and Missile Command.
"Restudy of Mycterosaurus Longiceps (Reptilia, Pelycosauria) from the Lower Permian of Texas." From the Lower Permian of Texas (1982): n. pag. Web. The proximal end turns up while the distal end curves down, forming the curved shape. Shaft diameter of the femur is 10% of the total length and has a trochanter widely separated from the head.
Rhopalodon is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Permian of Russia. It has been variously classified as a dinosaur, a dinocephalian, or another branch of Reptilia. Rhopalodon is notable for being among the first reptiles mentioned in Nature. T.H. Huxley wrote of this reptile, among others, in the inaugural issue of the magazine, in November 1869.
Paralogs: OCC-1 has no known paralogs. Orthologs: OCC-1 has been found in mammalia, reptilia, amphibian, aves, and actinopterygii. The gene is not found in plants, protists, fungi, archaea, or bacteria. The most distant ortholog is the Oryzias latipers or the Japanese rice fish, which diverged from the human gene approximately 436.5 million years ago.
K. Padian, A. J. de Ricqles, and J. R. Horner. 1995. Bone histology determines identification of a new fossil taxon of pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria). Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Science, Serie II (320)77-84 The material, a partial skull, was recovered from channel sandstone sediments that were deposited during the Campanian stage, approximately 74 million years ago.
Geologische Serie 3:107-117. It was later synonymized with Euskelosaurus by van Heerden (1979),J. v. Heerden. 1979. The morphology and taxonomy of Euskelosaurus (Reptilia: Saurischia; Late Triassic) from South Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum 4(2):23-84 but was subsequently treated as a nomen dubium in the 2nd edition of the Dinosauria.
A skeleton of Cricotus crassidens (specimen AMNH 4550) Detail of the skull and limbs of AMNH 4550 Illustration of the skull and ventral scutes of Cricotus heteroclitus by Edward Drinker Cope. Cricotus is an extinct genus of Embolomeri. It was erected by Cope in 1875,Cope ED. 1875. On fossil remains of reptilia and fishes from Illinois.
Tail cylindrical, tapering, covered above with small granular scales and rings of six or eight large conical tubercles, beneath with uniform small imbricated scales. Brown above, with a network of darker lines; many of the tubercles whitish; lower surfaces whitish, the throat sometimes veriniculated with brown.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Predation by a flightless rail, the weka, which is native to New Zealand, but was introduced to the Open Bay Islands, is a major conservation concern.Chapple, D.G.; Patterson, G.B. 2007: A new skink species (Oligosoma taumakae sp. nov.; Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Open Bay Islands, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of zoology, 34(4): 347-357.
The nostrils are closed during submergence. Like other archosaurs, crocodilians are diapsid, although their post-temporal fenestrae are reduced. The walls of the braincase are bony but lack supratemporal and postfrontal bones.Grigg, Gordon and Gans, Carl (1993) Morphology And Physiology Of The Crocodylia , in Fauna of Australia Vol 2A Amphibia and Reptilia, chapter 40, pp. 326–336.
Qianichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur from the late Triassic (Carnian) period. Its fossils have been found in southeastern ChinaNew Material of Qianichtyosaurus Li, 1999 (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the late Triassic of southern China, and Implications for the Distribution of Triassic Ichthyosaurs. Elizabeth L. Nicholls, Chen Wei, Makoto Manabe. in the Falang formation near Huangtutang in the province of Guizhou.
Guizhouichthyosaurus ("Guizhou fish lizard") is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur which existed during the lower Carnian stage of the Late Triassic in southwest China. The genus contains the single species Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae.Cranial Osteology of Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) From the Upper Triassic of China (2006). By Michael W. Maisch, Xin-Ru Pan, Zuo-Yu Sun, Tao Cai, Da-Peng Zhang, Jia-Lin Xie.
Descriptive catalogue of the fossil organic remains of reptilia and pisces contained in the Museum of The Royal College of Surgeons of England: 184pp. of which the former is based on iguanodont material. His S. cuvieri, of which the type specimen is lost, is today considered a nomen dubium. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul renamed (as an informal name) Magnosaurus into Streptospondylus nethercombensis.
The species name Ahaetulla in Sinhala means 'eye plucker'. It earned this name, and similar ones in Tamil and Indian vernaculars, due to the mistaken belief that it strikes at the eyes.Snakes of Sri Lanka The following description with diagnostic characters is from Boulenger (1890):Boulenger, George A. 1890 The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Lizards that use chemical communication have highly developed olfactory systems, which essentially give these lizards a very well developed sense of "smell" and enable them to detect chemicals in the environment.Halpern, M "Nasal Chemical Senses in Reptiles: Structure and Function." Biology of the Reptilia: Hormones, Brain, and Behavior. Ed. D Crews. Vol. 18. Chicago and London: U of Chicago, 1992. 423–525. Print.
Palaeosaniwa was roughly comparable to a large monitor lizard (Varanidae) in size. Measuring around in length,"Palaeosaniwa" from James Gurney: The World of Dinosaurs it is among the largest terrestrial lizards known from the Mesozoic era (though Asprosaurus may compete with it in sizeThe first lizard fossil (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Mesozoic of South Korea. - Cretaceous Research 55:292-302. - J.-Y.
Grey-brown or olive above, with irregular dark brown spots, vertical bars on the upper lip, and cross bands on the limbs; lower surfaces dirty white, with darker spots; the male's throat brown. Male with a subgular vocal sac and, during the nuptial period, black rugosities on the inner fingers.Boulenger, G. A. (1890). The Fauna of British India – Reptilia and Batrachia.
Taxonomy of the Fabrosauridae (Reptilia, Ornithischia) and the Lesothosaurus myth. South Africa J. Sci. 77, 43 The Upper Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur, Gongubusaurus, from China, is thought to be more closely related to fabrosaurids than hypsilophodontids. The type species, G. shiyii, is from the Shangshaximiao Formation in the Rongxian County in Sichuan Basin, has been classified from only a few scattered teeth.
"Ein Sauropoden-Rest (Reptilia, Saurischia) aus dem Posidonienschiefer (Lias, Toarcium) von Holzmaden". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) (in German). 41: 1–15. As the setting and the importance of the Oxygen levels get important to study the ecological boundary of the formation, new data was provided to expose the influence of the deposits, the fauna, minerals, and other components.
Benton, M. J. (1990). The Species of Rhynchosaurus, A Rhynchosaur (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Middle Triassic of England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 328(1247), 213-306. doi:10.1098/rstb.1990.0114 Hyperodapedon had a longitudinal stapedial canal on the posterior side of the spatulate paroccipital process which the lagenar crest extended laterally to limit the posterior end.
When initially described, populations in the Kimberley Region were also assigned to this species. But later the species Chelodina walloyarrina McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007:59McCord, William P. and Joseph-Ouni, Mehdi (2007). A new genus of Australian longneck turtle (Testudines: Chelidae) and a new species of Macrochelodina from the Kimberley region of Western Australia (Australia). Reptilia (GB) (Barcelona) 55:56–64.
Goehlich, U.B.; Tischlinger, H.; Chiappe, L.M. (2006). "Juravenator starki (Reptilia, Theropoda) ein neuer Raubdinosaurier aus dem Oberjura der Suedlichen Frankenalb (Sueddeutschland): Skelettanatomie und Weichteilbefunde". Archaeopteryx. 24: 1–26. However, a 2010 examination of Juravenator under UV light showed filaments similar to those seen on other compsognathid specimens, indicating that it is likely that these dinosaurs had some sort of feathering.
Eugongylus is a genus of skinks in the subfamily Eugongylinae. It was previously recognised as namesake of the Eugonglyus group of genera within Lygosominae, where it occupied a quite basal position. (2006): Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2): 503–511.
Ctenotus is a genus of skinks (family Scincidae). The genus belongs to a clade in the Sphenomorphus group which contains such genera as Anomalopus and the close relatives Eulamprus and Gnypetoscincus. (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2): 503–511.
Several classification schemes have been used to define the structure of this family. The "historical" classification recognized all New World iguanians, plus Brachylophus and the Madagascar oplurines, as informal groups and not as formal subfamilies. Frost and Etheridge (1989) formally recognized these informal groupings as families.D.R. Frost & R. Etheridge (1989) «A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)» Univ.
Sexual dimorphism in the Neotropical lizard, Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae). Amphibia-Reptilia. The development of color dimorphism in lizards is induced by hormonal changes at the onset of sexual maturity, as seen in Psamodromus algirus, Sceloporus gadoviae, and S. undulates erythrocheilus. Male painted dragon lizards, Ctenophorus pictus. are brightly conspicuous in their breeding coloration, but male colour declines with aging.
I. Palaeontographical Society, London, 19 pp It was in 1869 renamed by Seeley into a Ptenodactylus sedgwickii, and in 1870 into a Ornithocheirus sedgwickii. In 1874, Owen again renamed it into Coloborhynchus sedgwickii.Owen, R., 1874, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. Palaeontographical Society, London, 14 pp Owen in 1859 also referred a front of the lower jaws, specimen CAMSM B54421.
Currie, P.J., and D.A. Russell. 1982. "A giant pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Judith River (Oldman) Formation of Alberta". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19: 894–897 Later research by Michael Habib indicated that they represented a taxon new to science. In 2019, the type species Cryodrakon boreas was named and described by David William Elliott Hone, Michael Habib and François Therrien.
Like most Pliosaurs, Simolestes possessed salt secreting glands, which would have enabled the animal to maintain salt balance and drink seawater.Noè, L. F. (2001). A taxonomic and functional study of the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) Pliosauroidea (Reptilia, Sauropterygia). Chicago Recent studies on Plesiosaur locomotion indicate that Simolestes, like other Plesiosaurs, possessed a unique bauplan for movement, which differs from modern organisms in similar niches.
Coppery-brown above, with two pale golden lateral streaks bordered with black, the upper extending from the supraciliaries to the tail, the lower from the upper lip to the groin; frequently a series of large black spots between the two lateral streaks; lower surfaces yellowish white.Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
"Genetic evidence for wild-living Aspideretes nigricans and a molecular phylogeny of South Asian softshell turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae: Aspideretes, Nilssonia)". Zool. Scripta 36 (4): 301–310. (HTML abstract) Thus, it has been proposed to unite the two genera under the older name, Nilssonia. As it seems, the closest living relatives of the Burmese peacock softshell are the Indian softshell turtle (A./N.
Charig, A.J. & Newman, B.H.†, 1992, "Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 (Reptilia, Ornithischia): proposed replacement in inappropriate lectotype", Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 49: 280–283 Owen intended to call the dinosaur "hindlimb saurian" but confused the Greek word σκέλος, skelos, "hindlimb", with σκελίς, skelis, "rib of beef".R. Owen, 1861, A monograph of a fossil dinosaur (Scelidosaurus harrisonii, Owen) of the Lower Lias, part I. Monographs on the British fossil Reptilia from the Oolitic Formations 1 pp 14George C. Steyskal, 1970, "On the grammar of names formed with -scelus, -sceles, -scelis, etc.", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 84(2): 7-12 The name was inspired by the strong development of the hind leg. Afterwards Harrison sent a knee joint, a claw (GSM 109561), a juvenile specimen and a skull to Owen, that were described in 1861.
The short, wide symphysis is one of the features which differentiates Acostasaurus from other contemporary pliosaurids such as the various brachauchenine pliosaurs from the formation. Other pliosaurids which possess this condition include the Jurassic taxon Simolestes, which like Acostasaururs has large orbits, as well as a short symphysis.Noè, L. F. (2001). A taxonomic and functional study of the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) Pliosauroidea (Reptilia, Sauropterygia).
The type species, P. dawni, is represented by a single near complete specimen (PETMG R338) which was approximately 3.1 metres in length. It had a robust barrel shaped torso, a relatively short neck and small flippers, indicating that it was not an agile swimmer.A. R. I. Cruickshank, D. M. Martill, and L. F. Noe. 1996. A pliosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) exhibiting pachyostosis from the Middle Jurassic of England.
The small size of Ohmdenosaurus has led to speculation that the taxon may be one of the few examples of insular dwarfism among sauropods, much like the German Late Jurassic macronarian Europasaurus.Großmann, F. (2006). Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Palaeoecology of the Plesiosauroids (Sauropterygia, Reptilia) from the Posidonia Shale (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of Holzmaden, South West Germany: Dissertation. Zur Erlangung Des Grades Eines Doktors Der Naturwissenschaften. p. 135.
A definition in accordance with phylogenetic nomenclature, which rejects paraphyletic groups, includes birds while excluding mammals and their synapsid ancestors. So defined, Reptilia is identical to Sauropsida. Though few reptiles today are apex predators, many examples of apex reptiles have existed in the past. Reptiles have an extremely diverse evolutionary history that has led to biological successes, such as dinosaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, and ichthyosaurs.
Digits moderately long, with smooth lamellae, 13 or 14 beneath the fourth toe; the hind-limb reaches to the wrist or the elbow. Palm of the heel and sole of the feet with enlarged sub conical tubercles intermixed with much smaller one.Smith, M.A. (1935): The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese sub- region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol.
Ketchum HF, Benson RBJ. Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses. Biological Reviews A different species, Macroplata longirostris (previously called Plesiosaurus longirostris), which lived somewhat later, during the Toarcian stage, was also included in the genus; however, in 2011, Benson et al. reclassified it as a pliosaurid in the genus Hauffiosaurus, H. longirostris.
Stenoplacosaurus was originally named Helodermoides mongoliensis by Sullivan (1979) for remains found in the Shara Murun Formation of Nei Mongol in Inner Mongolia, China.R. M. Sullivan. 1979. Revision of the Paleogene genus Glyptosaurus (Reptilia, Anguidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 163(1):1-72 In their redescription of Placosaurus, Sullivan and Auge (2006) transferred H. mongoliensis to Placosaurus, as P. mongoliensis.
Arctosuchus is an extinct genus of gorgonopsid from the Lopingian (Permian). The type species, A. tigrinus, is from the Teekloof Formation (Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone),The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive(Owen, R. 1876. Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 88 ppBroom, R. 1911.
Lydekker, R., 1888, Catalogue of fossil reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum. Pt. I. Containing the orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria, British Museum of Natural History, London, 309 pp In 1929 Friedrich von Huene named both taxa as full species. The first became Titanosaurus Valdensis, the specific name referring to the Wealden, the second Titanosaurus Lydekkeri, its specific name honouring Lydekker.Huene, F. v.
Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous formations. Supplement no. I. Palaeontographical Society, London, p. 19 This species however, was reassigned to the genus Camposipterus in 2013, therefore creating the new combination C. segwickii. Later, in 1861, Owen had uncovered multiple distinctively looking fossil remains yet again in the Cambridge Greensand, these were assigned to a new species named Pterodactylus simus,Martill, David. (2010).
Christinus was first described by Wells and Wellington in 1984,Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1984. A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology 1(3-4): 73–129 [1983 on title page] giving the types species as that published as Diplodactylus marmoratus Gray 1845. Their later proposal to establish a genus Ridegekko, based on Boulenger's original description of Phyllodactylus guentheri (C.
Sauropsida ("lizard faces") is a taxonomic clade that consists of reptiles (including birds) and the extinct Parareptilia. The term originated in 1864 with Thomas Henry Huxley, who grouped birds with reptiles based on fossil evidence. Sauropsids are the sister taxon to synapsids—also referred to as "mammal-like reptiles," although synapsids are not part of the class reptilia— some of which later evolved into mammals.
In the same year, Owen also reassigned O. cuvieri into Coloborhynchus cuvieri.Owen, R. 1874, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. Palaeontographical Society, London, 14 pp Seeley later disagreed and didn't accept Owen's position, and he therefore assigned Ornithocheirus simus as the type species of Ornithocheirus in 1881. Seeley had also named a new separate species called O. bunzeli in the same year.
Historically, several species were assigned to it, all based on extremely fragmentary remains, but there is no evidence to support these assignments, making the type species, P. grallipes, the only valid species. Most of these other species' remains likely belong to better-known hadrosaurs, such as Lambeosaurus and Gryposaurus.Brett-Surman, M.K., 1989. A revision of the Hadrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia) and their evolution during the Campanian and Maastrichtian.
1. Studies using molecular phylogenetics, which examine the genes and proteins of living organisms, suggest that testudines (turtles) are diapsids. These studies show that mesosaurs do not form a clade with turtles that excludes diapsids, but fossil evidence still suggests that mesosaurs form a group with parareptiles. In most recent studies, Reptilia is not used as a crown group and still contains mesosaurs and Parareptilia.
PhD thesis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. Unfortunately they had mixed the names up as was brought out first by Thomson (2000) and has been summarised also by Kuchling (2010). A submission to the ICZN was put in by Thomson (2006)Thomson, S.A. (2006). "Chelodina rugosa Ogilby, 1890 (currently Macrochelodina rugosa; Reptilia, Testudines): proposed precedence over Chelodina oblonga Gray, 1841". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 63: 187–193.
A Revision of the Genus Nothosaurus (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Germanic Triassic, with Comments on the Status of Conchiosaurus clavatus. Fieldiana Geology, New Series, No. 34, 1996. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2691 In Franconia's middle Keuper (the Feuerletten) is one of the best known and most common species of dinosaurs of Central Europe: Plateosaurus engelhardti, an early representative of the sauropodomorpha. Its type locality is located at Heroldsberg south of Nuremberg.
Helochelydra was named in 1928 by Franz Baron Nopcsa for a partial shell (NHMUK R171) from the Early Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight that Lydekker (1889) had referred to Tretosternon punctatum, a turtle taxon from the Purbeck Group of Dorset, but no species name was provided.LYDEKKER, R. (1889). Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). III. Chelonia. Trustees Brit. Mus. (Nat.
The successive discovery (1990) of a Middle Jurassic primitive ornithischian, Agilisaurus louderbacki, found in the Xiashaximiao Formation of Zigong, Sichuan Basin, China, has led to paleontologists learning more about the phylogeny of fabrosaurids. Fabrosaurids have many characters that are unique to their physiology, particularly unique tooth morphology and structure, and short forelimb lengths compared to hindlimbs.Galton, P. M. (1978). Fabrosauridae, the basal family of ornithischain dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithopoda). Palaontol.
Long-jawed choristoderes form a monophyletic group. They are generally divided into two main families: Champsosauridae, which includes Champsosaurus, and Simoedosauridae which includes Simoedosaurus, Liaoxisaurus, Ikechosaurus and Tchoiria. Various taxa of uncertain affinities within this group are known, including a specimen from the Cedar Mountain Formation and from the Kuwajima Formation.The first record of a long-snouted choristodere (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Early Cretaceous of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.
Berman considered C. ninevehensis more basal than Ctenospondylus casei and only referred the second species to the genus because of the similar spine length.Berman, D.S. 1978. "Ctenospondylus ninevehensis, a new species (Reptilia, Pelycosauria) from the Lower Permian Dunkard Group of Ohio". Annals of Carnegie Museum 47: 493–514 Later specimen MCZ 8635-42 was referred, a skull; MCZ 8665, a jugal bone and MCZ 3102, a skeleton with skull.
It may still be, however, that the intelligent behaviour is a homoplasy that evolved several times in the Egernia genus-group; the fact that Corucia is a monotypic and rather distinct genus makes it impossible to decide at present. (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 39 (2): 503–511. (HTML abstract).
Lampropholis, the Indo-Australian ground skinks or sunskinks, are a genus of skinks in the lizard subfamily Eugongylinae. The genus Lampropholis was previously found to belong to a clade with the genera Niveoscincus, Leiolopisma and others of the Eugongylus group within Lygosominae. (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2): 503–511.
Because of their peculiar geographic distribution, with many hill ranges in South India and Sri Lanka having an endemic shieldtail, they are thought to be analogous to Darwin's finches, in a broader sense - an evolutionary radiation.Ganesh, S. R. 2015. Shieldtail snakes (Reptilia: Uropeltidae)– the Darwin's finches of south Indian snake fauna? Manual on Identification and Preparation of Keys of Snakes with Special Reference to their Venomous Nature in India.
"Pterosaur remains (Reptilia, Pterosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian) of Hannover (Lower Saxony)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 181: 241–254 O. compressirostris was at the time seen as the type species of Ornithocheirus, but it was meanwhile shown that the correct type species is O. simus. The holotype, SMNS 56628, was found in rocks of the Stadthagen Formation dating from the earliest Hauterivian, about 132 million years old.
Olshevsky thought the holotype represented the eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebra; later researchers, however, have assumed them to be the tenth, eleventh and twelfth. In 1888, Richard Lydekker compared these vertebrae with material referred to Megalosaurus dunkeri, a Cretaceous species represented by a single tooth found in Germany.Lydekker, R. 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1.
Platynota is a group of anguimorph lizards and thus belongs to the order Squamata of the class Reptilia. Since it was named in 1839, it has included several groups, including monitor lizards, snakes, mosasaurs, and helodermatids. Its taxonomic use still varies, as it is sometimes considered equivalent to the group Varanoidea and other times viewed as a distinct group. It is phylogenetically defined as a clade containing Varanidae (the monitor lizards).
Adult male Amboina sail-finned lizards have outer edges of the eyes that are medium-dark clear blue and no nose crest, which are some of the features that separate them from the Sulawesi species. Sailfin lizards are semiaquatic and able to run short distances across water using both their feet and tail for support, similar to the basilisks.Jackman Bauer (2008). Global diversity of lizards in freshwater (Reptilia: Lacertilia). Hydrobiologia.
Such scales were once thought to be typical of the class Reptilia as a whole, but are now known to occur only in lepidosaurians. The scales found in turtles and crocodiles are of dermal, rather than epidermal, origin and are properly termed scutes. In turtles, the body is hidden inside a hard shell composed of fused scutes. Lacking a thick dermis, reptilian leather is not as strong as mammalian leather.
Beobachtung einer Dickschnabelkrähe (Aves: Corvidae) beim Erbeuten von Ceylon-Taubagamen, Cophotis ceylanica (Reptilia: Agamidae), in Horton Plains Nationalpark auf Sri Lanka. Sauria 30(4):59-62. noted that the jungle crow might actually be a, if not the, major predator of local small animals; jungle crows are highly experienced at catching lizards, taking only 45 minutes to find, catch and consume four critically endangered endemic lizards in Horton Plains National Park.
Archegosaurus, Dendrerpeton, Eryops and Trimerorhachis were placed in this group and were considered to be the most primitive members of Reptilia. Their rhachitomous vertebrae, notochord, and lack of occipital condyles (which attached the head to the neck) were features that were also shared with fishes. Thus, they were considered a link between early fishes and more advanced forms such as stegocephalians. Another group was called Microsauria by Cope in 1868.
P. gardineri is usually placed in the subfamily Scincinae, which seems to be paraphyletic. Probably quite close to Janetaescincus, it belongs to a major clade that does not seem to include the type genus Scincus. Thus, it will probably be eventually assigned to a new, yet-to-be-named subfamily. (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands".
The researcher Glenn M. Shea wrote that the names in "A Synopsis of the Class Reptilia in Australia", even those accompanied by "inadequate or erroneous" diagnoses, fulfilled the requirements of the Code and were thus available. However, Shea listed 43 species from "A Classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia" whose diagnoses did not differentiate them from the populations that the pair was attempting to split them from, and also identified three species whose diagnoses were reliant on works that were still in press at the time of Shea's comment (late 1987). Shea identified several proposed species whose holotypes were collected from outside the species' proposed ranges and several well-known populations of species who were suddenly without names based on Wells and Wellington's diagnoses. The researcher Jonathon Stone wrote that the ICZN permitting Wells and Wellington's names would set a negative precedent for subsequent researchers to enact nomenclatural changes without peer review.
19th century lithograph of the type specimen Numerous species have been referred to this genus over time, and only those more widely connected with the genus are included here. The type species, L. compressirostris, is based on NHMUK 39410, a partial upper jaw from the Turonian-age Upper Cretaceous Upper Chalk near Kent. Richard Owen named in 1851 as a species of Pterodactylus;Owen, R. (1851). Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations.
In 1995 the Italian paleontologist Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia named a new species of the genus Eudimorphodon: E. rosenfeldi. The specific name honours the finder Corrado Rosenfeld.Dalla Vecchia F.M., 1995, "A new pterosaur (Reptilia, Pterosauria) from the Norian (Late Triassic) of Friuli (Northeastern Italy), Preliminary note". Gortania, 16 (1994): 59-66 The holotype was MFSN 1797, a partial fossil skeleton with parts of the skull and lower jaws, but lacking the tail, found near Udine.
"Reptilia" is a song by indie rock band the Strokes, and was the second single from their second album, Room on Fire. In the U.S., it peaked at number 19 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. It fared better in the UK, however, where it reached number 17 on the UK Singles Chart and was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry. The single cover depicts an alien from the video game Centipede.
Drepanosaurs (members of the clade Drepanosauromorpha) are a group of reptiles that lived between the Carnian and Rhaetian stages of the late Triassic Period, approximately between 230 and 210 million years ago.Renesto, S., Spielmann, J.A., and Lucas, S.G. (2009). "The oldest record of drepanosaurids (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Late Triassic (Adamanian Placerias Quarry, Arizona, USA) and the stratigraphic range of the Drepanosauridae." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 252(3): 315-325. .
Egernia is a genus of skinks (family Scincidae) that occurs in Australia. These skinks are ecologically diverse omnivores that inhabit a wide range of habitats. However, in the loose delimitation (which incorporates about 30 species) the genus is not monophyletic but an evolutionary grade, as has long been suspected due to its lack of characteristic apomorphies. (2008). "Molecular systematics of social skinks: phylogeny and taxonomy of the Egernia group (Reptilia: Scincidae)". Zool.
Barberenasuchus is an extinct genus of an archosauriform. Fossils (poorly preserved skull and axis vertebra) have been found from the Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil of Late Triassic age. Its phylogenetic position within Archosauriformes is uncertain; the author of its description classified it as a sphenosuchid crocodylomorph,Mattar, L.C.B. 1987. Descrição osteólogica do crânio e segunda vértebrata cervical de Barberenasuchus brasiliensis Mattar, 1987 (Reptilia, Thecodontia) do Mesotriássico do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
This opinion stood until the work of Michael K. Brett-Surman, who stated in his dissertation that, having rediscovered and reexamined the material with Douglas A. Lawson, it was most likely part of a ceratopsid's neck frill, probably part of the squamosal of Triceratops.Brett-Surman, M.K. 1989(1988). A revision of the Hadrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia) and their evolution during the Campanian and Maastrichtian. Ph.D. dissertation, George Washington University:Washington, D.C.. pp.1-272.
Traditionally the species S. hardwickii was placed in the genus Uromastyx, but in 2009 it was moved to the genus Saara together with the closely related species S. asmussi and S. loricata.Wilms TM, Böhme W, Wagner P, Lutzmann N, Schmitz A (2009). "On the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Uromastyx Merrem, 1820 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae: Uromastycinae) – resurrection of the genus Saara Gray, 1845". Bonner zoologische Beiträge 56 (1/2): 55–99.
Bonito MS, Brazil As the majority of sauropsids, the broad-snouted caiman is ectothermic, it depends on its external environment to regulate its body temperature. A recent study on the heart rate's contribution to the regulation of the caimans' body temperature showed an increase in heart rate as the temperature increased, and it lowers once the temperature lowered.Micheli, M.A. Campbell, H. A. Autonomic control of heart rate exhibits diurnal shifts in a crocodilian.Amphibia-Reptilia, Vol.
In 1874, he created two new genera: Coloborhynchus and Criorhynchus. Coloborhynchus (meaning "maimed beak") which comprised a new type species called Coloborhynchus clavirostris, as well as two other species reassigned from Ornithocheirus: C. sedgwickii and C. cuvieri. Criorhynchus (meaning "ram beak") consisted entirely of former Ornithocheirus species: the type species, Criorhynchus simus, and furthermore such as C. eurygnathus, C. capito, C. platystomus, C. crassidens and C. reedi.Owen, R. 1874, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations.
A name had to be found for various Permian and Triassic reptiles no longer included in the anapsids, and "parareptiles" was chosen. However, they did not feel confident enough to erect Parareptilia as a formal taxon. Their cladogram was as follows: Laurin and Reisz 1995 found a different cladogram, in which Reptilia were divided into Parareptilia (now a formal taxon they defined as "Testudines and all amniotes more closely related to them than to diapsids.") and Eureptilia.
Tail feebly compressed, covered with subequal, keeled scales; in the fully grown male the base is swollen and the scales on that part of it are thickened. Green or brownish above, with indistinct darker markings; green or brownish above, with indistinct darker markings; a black streak from the eye to above the tympanum; throat with black streaks; belly: dirty white; gular pouch: pink (in life).Smith, M. A. (1941) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Amphibia.
O. roimata is most closely related to Oligosoma ornatum, which is a variable species complex. Although morphological divergence is very minor, there is 8.7–9.8% sequence divergence (using the ND2 mitochondrial gene). O. roimata has been previously referred to informally as Cyclodina ornata "Poor Knights", Cyclodina ornata "PKI",Chapple, D.G.; Daugherty, C.H.; Ritchie, P.A. 2008: Comparative phylogeography reveals pre- decline population structure of New Zealand Cyclodina (Reptilia: Scincidae) species. Biological journal of the Linnean Society, 95(2): 388-408.
In that same year, the English paleontologist Richard Owen named two species of dicynodonts from South Africa: Dicynodon lacerticeps and Dicynodon bainii. Since Bain was preoccupied with the Corps of Royal Engineers, he wanted Owen to describe his fossils more extensively. Owen did not publish a description until 1876 in his Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the Collection of the British Museum. By this time, many more dicynodonts had been described.
"A revision of the longipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England, with descriptions of two new species (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria)". Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 97: 1–37 The family Temnodontosauridae was described by C. McGowan and is from the Lower Liassic. Temnodontosauridae is part of the monophyletic group Neoichthyosauria, a clade named by Martin Sander in 2000 that includes the families Temnodontosauridae, Leptonectidae and Suevoleviathanidae. Temnodontosaurus is one of the most basal post-Triassic ichthyosaurs.
Zugs' monitor (Varanus zugorum), also known as the silver monitor, is a species of monitor lizards found on the island of Halmahera in the Moluccas, in Indonesia. It is currently only known from the vicinity of Jailolo District but its range is likely to be throughout the island. Zugs' monitor was described from a juvenile museum specimen originally labeled as Varanus indicus.Böhme, W. & T. Ziegler (2005): A new monitor lizard from Halmahera, Moluccas, Indonesia (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae).
Oligosoma is a genus of small to medium-sized skinks (family Scincidae) found only in New Zealand as well as Norfolk and Lord Howe islands. Oligosoma had previously been found to belong to the Eugongylus group of genera in the subfamily Lygosominae; the Australian genus Bassiana appears to be fairly closely related.Austin, J.J.; Arnold, E.N. (2006). Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands.
The genus Amphiglossus is usually placed in the subfamily Scincinae, which seems to be paraphyletic however. Probably quite close to Paracontias and possibly Androngo trivittatus, it belongs to a major clade which does not seem to include the type genus Scincus. Thus, it will probably be eventually assigned to a new, yet-to-be-named subfamily. (2006). Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands.
From the Callovian-Kimmeridgian of England and France L. ferox is well known; while also from the Callovian-Kimmeridgian of England is the rarer L. pachydeirus, described by Seeley (1869) as a species of Pliosaurus (1869).Seeley, H.G. (1869). Index to the Fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Only L. ferox is known from more or less complete skeletons.
Populations such as the sub class Lissamphibia were devastated, whereas Reptilia survived the collapse. The surviving organisms were better adapted to the drier environment left behind and served as legacies in succession after the collapse. An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, ax heads, chisels, and polishing tools. Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6% and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years.
Huene (1932) named the family Gryponychidae to contain Gryponyx and Aetonyx and placed it within Carnosauria.Friedrich von Huene (1932) Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie, Series 1 4: 1–361 Galton and Cluver synonymized G. africanus with Massospondylus harriesi in 1976,Galton, P.M., and Cluver, M.A. (1976). Anchisaurus capensis (Broom) and a revision of the Anchisauridae (Reptilia, Saurischia). Annals of the South African Museum 69(6):121-159.
Colin Tudge wrote: > Mammals are a clade, and therefore the cladists are happy to acknowledge the > traditional taxon Mammalia; and birds, too, are a clade, universally > ascribed to the formal taxon Aves. Mammalia and Aves are, in fact, subclades > within the grand clade of the Amniota. But the traditional class Reptilia is > not a clade. It is just a section of the clade Amniota: the section that is > left after the Mammalia and Aves have been hived off.
D. Cope, 1871, Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 14, pp 252 therefore it was Thomas Henry Huxley who validly named the Scelidosauridae in 1869.Huxley, T.H. 1869. "On the Dinosauria of the Trias, with observations on the classification of the Dinosauria", Nature, 1: 146 In the nineteenth century almost any armoured dinosaur then known has been considered a member of the Scelidosauridae.
Fossils of Cteniogenys are known from the Late Jurassic of Portugal, western Europe, and the Late Jurassic-age Morrison Formation of western North America. A handful of skull and jaw fragments from the Late Cretaceous Oldman Formation and Dinosaur Park Formation in Canada were assigned to Cteniogenys by Gao and Fox (1998).Gao, K, and Fox, R.C., 1998. New choristoderes (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and phylogenetic relationships of the Choristodera.
Bathyspondylus is an extinct genus of plesiosaur. It was first described in 1982 from a specimen originally found in 1774, now housed at the Devizes Museum. Because it is known only from its fossil vertebrae (and so few of those have been recovered), paleontologists are not entirely sure of the taxonomy of Bathyspondylus; the family it belongs to is not currently known.Cladistic Analysis of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia)Adam Stuart Smith, Supervised by M. J. Benton.
Tail cylindrical, tapering, covered above with small, irregular, imbricate smooth scales and scattered pointed tubercles forming four or six longitudinal series, beneath with a series of transversely dilated plates. Pale yellowish brown, with six faint brownish transverse narrow dorsal bands, the tubercles in these areas being almost black; a dark brown streak from the nostrils through the eye above the ear, with a whitish line above it; lips whitish.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Russell referred the genus to the Plioplatecarpinae on the basis of a Platecarpus-like suprastapedial process in specimens referred to H. onchognathus. Several discoveries throughout the 1980s and 1990s helped shed light on Halisaurus, with more complete specimens of the type species H. platyspondylus being discovered and Phosphorosaurus ortliebi being momentarily reassigned to the genus by Lingham-Soliar (1996).Lingham-Soliar, T. 1996. The first description of Halisaurus (Reptilia Mosasauridae) from Europe, from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium.
In 1913, he and Frank Marion Andrews were published in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club with an article about the leaf hairs of salvinia natans. His first book, The Amphibia and Reptilia of Colorado, which he co-wrote with Junius Henderson was published in 1913. His second book, Fishes of Colorado, was published in 1914. During this time, he and his wife Marion had their first child, Cornelia Grace, who was born in October 1914.
Biogeogr.) (2008) 35, 853–864. A recent paper showed that Oligosoma infrapunctatum could be extinct, and that the widespread species in the Oligosoma infrapunctatum group should be called Oligosoma newmani Melzer, S.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Bell, T.; Chapple, D.G.; Patterson, G.B. (2019) Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species. Zootaxa 4623(3): 441-484.
Comparison between the holotypes of Tropeognathus mesembrinus and Ornithocheirus simus Other important ornithocheiromorph discoveries include the ornithocheirids Tropeognathus and Anhanguera from the Romualdo Formation in Brazil.Campos, D. de A., and Kellner, A. W. (1985). "Um novo exemplar de Anhanguera blittersdorffi (Reptilia, Pterosauria) da formação Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil." In Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, Rio de Janeiro, Resumos, p. 13. Tropeognathus was described with its type species, T. mesembrinus in 1987 by German paleontologist Peter Wellnhofer.
"Dental and vertebral morphology of the enigmatic mosasaur Dollosaurus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Sweden." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 52.17 (2005): e25. Towards the end of the Cretaceous, a series of adaptations allowed the highly specialized mosasaurs within the Globidensini, characterized by knob-like teeth,Martin, J. E. 2007. A new species of the durophagous mosasaur, Globidens (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group of central South Dakota, USA.
Acanthosaura capra is a species of Agamid lizards: commonly known as the mountain horned dragon, it is also called the Indo-Chinese spiny lizard or the green pricklenape. A. capra can be found in the tropical forests of Cambodia (Mondolkiri) and southern Vietnam (Dong Nai, Khánh Hòa and Lâm Đồng provinces); reports of their presence in Laos are probably inaccurate.Ananjeva N.B. et al. (2008) Species of Acanthosaura Gray, 1831 (Agamidae: Sauria, Reptilia) of Vietnam: Results of molecular and morphological study.
Ichthyosaurus integer Bronn 1844 was also reassigned to the genus by Maisch to create the new combination Suevoleviathan integer. Based on the relocation of the holotype of Suevoleviathan integer and an updated description of the specimen, Maxwell (2018) concluded that the two Suevoleviathan species are growth stages of the same species, meaning that S. integer has priority and becomes the epithet of the Suevoleviathan type species.Maxwell, E. E. 2018. Redescription of the ‘lost’ holotype of Suevoleviathan integer (Bronn, 1844) (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria).
After 4 to 6 months the nymphs hatch which are 17 millimeters long at hatching.Oliver Zompro: Gespenstschrecken der Familie Heteropterygidae im Terrarium - Reptilia - Terraristik Fachmagazin (Nr.24, August/September 2000) Natur und Tier, Münster 2000 While the nymphs of the original strain, as well as their fresh adult females, are very bright, the newly hatched nymphs of sexually propagated animals are often colored dark gray instead. Later, they show a remarkable color variability from molt to molt, especially the female nymphs.
Skeldon created multiple agreements which allowed the Toledo Zoo the right to salvage as long as they cleared the land. In the end, the Toledo Zoo was able to salvage all the stonework, lumber, radiators needed to begin construction of the Reptilia (Reptile House). The Reptile House was officially opened in September 1934, to house over 485 reptiles and amphibians. The same day, groundbreaking took place for the next two relief effort buildings, the Museum of Science and the attached Amphitheater.
Hogben became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1936. The citation read: > Distinguished for his work in Experimental Zoology, especially in respect of > the mechanism of colour change in Amphibia and Reptilia. He has published a > series of important papers on the effect of hormones on the pigmentary > effector system and on the reproductive cycle of vertebrates, and has worked > on many branches of comparative physiology. More recently he has made > substantial contributions to genetics, especially with regard to man.
The first description of Halisaurus (Reptilia Mosasauridae) from Europe, from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 66, 129–136. In 2005, the species Halisaurus sternbergii was reassigned to its own genus, Eonatator, along with the description of the new species Halisaurus arambourgi by Nathalie Bardet and colleagues. With the description of Eonatator as a closely related genus to Halisaurus, the two genera were grouped into the new subfamily Halisaurinae.
Its consists of five vertebral centra, a neural arch, one dorsal and two sacral ribs, the right ischium, the complete right hindlimb, the right pes, an incomplete left pes, and various other fragments. AMNH 5266 was discovered in 1912 at Red Deer River and was collected by Barnum Brown with assistance from Peter Kaisen, George Olsen, and Charles M Sternberg in the sediments from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation.Coombs, W.P., Jr. (1986, June). A Juvenile ankylosaur referable to the genus euoplocephalus (reptilia, ornithischia).
However, evidence of both Mesosaurus and Stereosternum fossils being found in the black shales of both formations suggest that Stereosternum did cross over the sea way and could have survived being in the deeper part of this ancient sea. These shales were probably deposited in deep waters, going to a maximum depth of within the sea.Oelofsen B.W. (1981). An anatomical and systematic study of the family Mesosauridae (Reptilia, Proganosauria) with special reference to its associated fauna and palaeoecological environment in the Whitehill sea.
169-170 (Archives) He was the taxonomic authority of numerous zoological species, extinct and extant; including the eponymous Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris. In the field of herpetology, he adopted Pierre André Latreille's proposal of separating Amphibia from Reptilia, and then (1816) developed a unique arrangement in regards to sub-groupings, using organs of generation as primary criteria.Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed. (1878) AmphibiaGoogle Books Report of the Annual Meeting, Volume 4, Part 1835 by British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Light pinkish brown above, generally with more or less defined transverse darker bands bordered by pure white tubercles surrounded by deep- brown rings; young very regularly barred with dark brown, there being four dark bars between head and hind limbs; a more or less defined dark-brown streak, white-edged above, on the side of the head, passing through the eye; lower surfaces white-From snout to vent 3.7 inches; tail 3.8.Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
Light pinkish brown above, generally with more or less defined transverse darker bands bordered by pure white tubercles surrounded by deep-brown rings; young very regularly barred with dark brown, there being four dark bars between head and hind limbs; a more or less defined dark-brown streak, white-edged above, on the side of the head, passing through the eye; lower surfaces white.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. From snout to vent 3.7 inches; tail 3.8.
Pachydactylus acuminatus was originally described by Fitzsimons in 1941 as Pachydactylus weberi acuminatus, from eight specimens housed in the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria--seven immature individuals and one adult. The position of Pachydactylus weberi acuminatus was later reassessed by Bauer, who lifted it to species status in 2006.Bauer, A. M., Lamb, T., and Branch, W. R. 2006. A Revision of the Pachydactylus serval and P. weberi Groups (Reptilia: Gekkota: Gekkonidae) of Southern Africa, with the Description of Eight New Species.
Skull of the neotype specimen (BP/1/4934) of M. carinatus The first fossils of Massospondylus were described by paleontologist Sir Richard Owen in 1854.Owen, Richard (1854). "Descriptive catalogue of the Fossil organic remains of Reptilia and Pisces contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England." London pp. 80, 97 Originally, Owen did not recognize these finds as those of a dinosaur; instead he attributed them to "large, extinct, carnivorous reptiles" that were related to today's lizards, chameleons and iguanas.
The species Plesiosaurus megadeirus was coined for two partial postcranial specimens in a publication cataloging Mesozoic tetrapod specimens in the collections of the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge.H. G. Seeley. 1869. Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata, Arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell, and Co, Cambridge 1-143 The name Pliosaurus portlandicus was coined for a partial hindlimb from Dorset,R. Owen. 1869.
Serpianosaurus is an extinct genus of pachypleurosaurs known from the Middle Triassic (late Anisian and early Ladinian stages) deposits of Switzerland and Germany. Serpianosaurus mirigiolensis on display at Zurich natural history museum Fossils of the type species, S. mirigolensis, have been found from the middle Grenzbitumenzone, the oldest strata of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland, an area well known for its abundant pachypleurosaur remains.Sander, P. M. (1989). The Pachypleurosaurids (Reptilia: Nothosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland) with the Description of a New Species.
The false gharial is listed on CITES Appendix I. Currently population surveys indicate that while the false gharial is not for the most extirpated from areas it used to inhabit, the distribution of individuals is much more spotty than the previously more connective distribution, putting the animals at risk of genetic isolation.Stuebing, R. B., Bezuijen, M. R., Auliya, M., & Voris, H. K. (2006). The current and historic distribution of Tomistoma schlegelii (the False Gharial)(Müller 1838)(Crocodylia, Reptilia). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54(1), 181-197.
W.P. Coombs. 1978. "Forelimb muscles of the Ankylosauria (Reptilia, Ornithischia)". Journal of Paleontology 52(3): 642-657 Cladistic analysis of Struthiosaurus indicates that the taxon is a basal member of the Nodosauridae and suggested it may be one of the most basal ankylosaurs in the clade Ankylosauria. An analysis by Ösi in 2005, describing the taxon Hungarosaurus, found that while being younger in age than other nodosaurids, Struthiosaurus was one of the more basal taxa, although many features could not be coded for it.
Hylaeochelys is an extinct genus of plesiochelyid turtle that lived during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous in Portugal, Spain and southern England. The type species was originally named by Richard Owen as Pleurosternon latiscutatum in 1853,R. Owen. 1853. Part I. A monograph on the fossil chelonian reptiles of the Wealden clays and Purbeck limestones. Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Palaeontographical Society 7(25):1-12 before being moved to the new genus Hylaeochelys by Richard Lydekker in 1889.
A variety of other definitions were proposed by other scientists in the years following Gauthier's paper. The first such new definition, which attempted to adhere to the standards of the PhyloCode, was published by Modesto and Anderson in 2004. Modesto and Anderson reviewed the many previous definitions and proposed a modified definition, which they intended to retain most traditional content of the group while keeping it stable and monophyletic. They defined Reptilia as all amniotes closer to Lacerta agilis and Crocodylus niloticus than to Homo sapiens.
The Hoàn Kiếm turtle was an invalid taxon of turtle from Southeast Asia, found in Hoàn Kiếm Lake in Hanoi, Vietnam. Although some Vietnamese biologists assert that R. leloii is a distinct species from the Yangtze giant softshell turtle Rafetus swinhoei, of which there are only three known living specimens left in the world, most authorities classify it as synonymous with the latter species.Farkas, B and Webb, R.G. 2003. Rafetus leloii Hà Dinh Dúc, 2000—an invalid species of softshell turtle from Hoan Kiem Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam (Reptilia, Testudines, Trionychidae). Zool. Abhandl.
The dermal bones of the head and the lateral line system in Osteolepis macrolepidotus Ag. With remarks on the terminology of the lateral line system and on the dermal bones of certain other crossopterygians. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, (4)9, 1-129. He also investigated the cranial anatomy of Triassic stegocephalians from East GreenlandSäve-Söderbergh, G. (1935). On the dermal bones of the head in labyrinthodont stegocephalians and primitive Reptilia with special reference to Eotriassic stegocephalians from East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, 98(3), 1-211. and SpitsbergenSäve-Söderbergh, G. (1936).
The single's B-side was "Modern Girls & Old Fashion Men", a duet between the band's lead singer Julian Casablancas and Regina Spektor. The release of the single was delayed slightly after Casablancas objected to the song being credited as "the Strokes and Regina Spektor", claiming that it should read "Regina Spektor and The Strokes". In October 2011, NME placed "Reptilia" at number 129 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years". The song has appeared in the video games Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock, Guitar Hero Live and Rock Band.
Among other references, "A Classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia" cited over 500 alleged papers, some ostensibly nearly 100 pages long, written primarily by Wells in 1983 and 1984 in the supposed journal Australian Herpetologist. Neither Australian Herpetologist nor the hundreds of papers purportedly published therein were reported as having been available at any major Australian libraries or listed in the Australian Bibliographic Network as of 1985. The first article also referred to several specimens housed in the "Australian Zoological Museum" which was Wells's private collection.
The first Bolosaurus was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1878. His article "Descriptions of Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian Formation of Texas" mentioned the findings of crushed skull and few vertebrae of Bolosaurus striatus and Bolosaurus rapidens (Cope 1878). The imperfect skull of Bolosaurus major was found by Robert Broom in 1911 and was published in his article "On the structure and Affinities of Bolosaurus" in 1913 (Broom 1913). In 1974 a bolosaurid maxilla was found by Tartarinov in Mylva River, Komi, Russia and was named Bolosaurus traati (Tartarinov 1974).
Skin of a sand lizard, showing squamate reptiles iconic Scales A white-headed dwarf gecko with shed tail Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. List of reptiles lists the vertebrate class of reptiles by family, spanning two subclasses. 'Reptile' here is taken in its traditional (paraphyletic) sense, and thus birds are not included (although birds are considered reptiles in the cladistic sense).
The museum, covering an area of , consists of two sections for exhibitions and collections. The exhibition section is open to the public, while the collections section is for scientific use only. In the collections section, around 1,500 Insecta, 35 Pisces, 45 Amphibia, 32 Reptilia, 143 Aves (most of them coming from Yıldız Palace), 170 Mammalia and 193 Invertebrate species are on display. Among them are rare items of Hatteria punctatus (Sphenodon punctatus), a reptile endemic to New Zealand, and extinct Panthera pardus tulliana (Anatolian leopard) the most important exhibits.
Myristica Sapphire, (Calocypha laidlawi); a damselfly found only in Myristica swamps. Nair and colleagues in southern Kerala in 2007 focussed on fauna also. Faunal biodiversity of the Myristica swamps consisted of Platyhelminthes- (Bipalium-2, tapeworm-1) 3 species, Nemathelminthes – 1 species, Annelida (Oligochaeta -2and Hirudinea-2) 4 species, Mollusca- 10 species, Unidentified Crustacean-1 species, Insecta- 281 species belonging to 83 identified families, Myriapoda- 6 species and Arachnidae 54 species, Pisces 14 species, Amphibia 56 species, Reptilia 55 species, Aves 129 species and Mammalia 27 species.Joyce Jose, Ramachandran, K. K. and Nair, P. V. 2007.
283 Especially Kevin Padian propagated the new views, publishing a series of studies depicting pterosaurs as warm-blooded, active and running animals.Padian, K., 1980, Studies of the structure, evolution, and flight of pterosaurs (reptilia: Pterosauria), Ph.D. diss., Department of Biology, Yale University This coincided with a revival of the German school through the work of Peter Wellnhofer, who in 1970s laid the foundations of modern pterosaur science. In 1978, he published the first pterosaur textbook, the Handbuch der Paläoherptologie, Teil 19: Pterosauria,Wellnhofer, P., 1978, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie XIX.
1851 lithograph showing the C. cuvieri holotype and the lost tooth In 1851, James Scott Bowerbank named and described some remains found in a chalk pit at Burham near Maidstone in Kent, as a new species of Pterodactylus: Pterodactylus cuvieri. The specific name honors Georges Cuvier. The same pit had generated remains of Pterodactylus giganteus. In 1869, Harry Govier Seeley renamed the species into Ptenodactylus cuvieri,Seeley, H.G., 1869, Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge.
Marmarospondylus ("marble [reference to the Forest Marble Formation] vertebra") is a dubious genus of sauropod dinosaur from Middle Jurassic deposits in the English Midlands. The type species, Marmarospondylus robustus, was described by Richard Owen as a species of the Late Jurassic genus Bothriospondylus in 1875.Owen, R., 1875, "A monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. Monograph on the Genus Bothriospondylus", Palaeontographical Society, 29: 15-26 The holotype, NHMUK R.22428, a dorsal, was found in the Bathonian-age Forest Marble Formation at Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire.
The brown leaf chameleon occurs in eastern Madagascar (including the island of Nosy Boraha),Carpenter, A.I. and Robson, O. (2005) A review of the endemic chameleon genus Brookesia from Madagascar, and the rationale for its listing on CITES Appendix II. Oryx, 39(4): 345-380. from sea level up to altitudes of over .Andreone, F., Randrianirina, J.E., Jenkins, P.D. and Aprea, G. (2000) Species diversity of Amphibia, Reptilia and Lipotyphla (Mammalia) at Ambolokopatrika, a rainforest between the Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy Massifs, NE Madagascar. Biodiversity and Conservation, 9: 1587-1622.
The specific name honoured collector T.L. Cullingworth. Friedrich von Huene reassessed it in 1932 as belonging to a new genus, which he named Plateosauravus.von Huene, F. (1932). "Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte". Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie, series 1:4, 361 pp. Jacques van Heerden reassigned it to Euskelosaurus in 1976, and this has been how it was usually considered.van Heerden, J. (1979). The morphology and taxonomy of Euskelosaurus (Reptilia: Saurischia; Late Triassic) from South Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum 4(2):23-84.
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of "reptiles" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping or clade (consisting of all descendants of a common ancestor).
However, he did not consider scincosaurs to be part of Nectridea, which to him was restricted to the horned diplocaulids. Instead, scincosaurids were allied with the long-tailed urocordylids and snake-like ophiderpetontids in an order he called Urosauri. Urosaurs, nectrideans, and several other groups of early tetrapods were all considered to belong to the class Microsauria. Microsauria was kept separate from traditional linnean classes such as Reptilia, Mammalia, and Amphibia, due to paleontologists of the time being generally uncertain whether they were reptile-like amphibians or amphibian-like reptiles.
Grey- brown above, with, along the head and back, dark-brown undulating lines, which may be broken up into spots; a dark brown streak from the tip of the snout to the fore limb, passing through the eye; whitish dots scattered on the head and back; tail with darker spots or annuli and two large whitish black-edged spots at the base, frequently and two large whitish black-edged spots at the base, frequently confluent mesially. Lower surfaces whitish, more or less speckled with brownish.Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
This species predominantly occupies semi-arid and open habitats which are dry and sometimes sandy. They are found in Tamil Nadu in South India and in north western parts of Sri LankaGanesh, S. R., Rameshwaran, M., Joseph, N. A., & Jerith, A. M. (2017). On two little-known terrestrial South Asian geckoes Hemidactylus reticulatus and Hemidactylus scabriceps (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Journal of Threatened Taxa, 9(5), 10171-10177.. In India, this species has been observed in the following areas: Ramnad, Adyar, Chennai, Mayiladuthurai, Madurai, Thanjavur, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, and Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary.
As Kimmerosaurus is known from only a skull (and a few cervical vertebrae), much of the plesiosaur's description comes from its teeth, which are recurved and buccolingually compressed (compressed cheek-side to tongue-side). The premaxilla has only eight teeth, while there are thirty- six teeth on each ramus.Brown, David S.; 1981b; The English Upper Jurassic Plesiosauroidea (Reptilia) and a review of the phylogeny and classification of the Plesiosauria; Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology; 35(4) pp.253-347 The parietals of Kimmerosaurus do not form a sagittal crest.
A third skull was discovered by D.S. Berman in the 1980s and was later identified as Pseudopalatus buceros. Redondasaurus was first named by A.P. Hunt and S.G. Lucas in "A New Phytosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) Genus from the Uppermost Triassic of the Western United States and Its Biochronological Significance," published in the New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin in 1993. The authors had previously included the unnamed phytosaur species in a 1992 paper on "Triassic Stratigraphy and Paleontology" in New Mexico.Lucas, SPENCER G., and ADRIAN P. Hunt.
In 1878, Cope published a paper called "The Theromorphous Reptilia" in which he described Dimetrodon cruciger. D. cruciger was distinguished by the small projections that extended from either side of each neural spine like the branches of a tree. In 1886, Cope moved D. cruciger to the genus Naosaurus because he considered its spines so different from those of other Dimetrodon species that the species deserved its own genus. Naosaurus would later be synonymized with Edaphosaurus, a genus which Cope named in 1882 on the basis of skulls that evidently belonged to herbivorous animals given their blunt crushing teeth.
Adaptations facilitating facultative oophagy in the gray rat snake, Elaphe obsolete spiloides. Amphibia-Reptilia 17, 387-394. 1996 Snakes differ from eels in the direction in which the skin is stiffer, the dorsal scale rows are more flexible in snake than in eels because the dorsal scale row associated with stretching. Differences in the local dermal structures, such as variations in the diameters and orientation of collagen fibers within the intersquamous skin create local differences in the mechanical properties of the snake skin, thus allowing it to adapt to the stresses and strains during the feeding process.
Keoladeo National Park is supplied with water from Chambal river irrigation project Lesser Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna javanica) in Keoladeo National Park. Chambal embankment is a major birding area The area lies within the semi-arid zone of north-western India at the border of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh States,Hussain, S. A. 2009. Basking site and water depth selection by gharial Gavialis gangeticus Gmelin 1789 (Crocodylia, Reptilia) in National Chambal Sanctuary, India and its implication for river conservation. Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:127-133. and the vegetation consists of ravine, thorn forest,Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K.,1968.
Meanwhile, in England, controversies between the naming of species and genera also started, with the paleontologists Harry Seeley and Richard Owen fighting over reassignings of different species as well as genera. In 1874, Owen was not pleased with Seeley's publication of his book The Ornithosauria, and he also considered the name Ornithocheirus inappropriate.Owen, R. 1874, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. Palaeontographical Society, London, 14 pp Owen therefore created two new genera: Coloborhynchus (meaning "maimed beak") and Criorhynchus (meaning "ram beak"), in reference to their unique convex "keeled" crests on top, and underside of their snout.
Elachistosuchus is an extinct genus of neodiapsid reptile, most likely basal archosauromorph, known from the Late Triassic Arnstadt Formation of Saxony- Anhalt, central Germany. It contains a single species, Elachistosuchus huenei, known from a single individual. E. huenei, originally considered a pseudosuchian archosaur and then a rhynchocephalian lepidosaur, was largely ignored in the scientific literature, as its small size and fragility did not permit further mechanical preparation and examination. More recently however a non-invasive μCT scanning was performed to resolve its placement within Reptilia, and found it to represent a more basal reptile, potentially closely related to several early archosauromorph clades.
Whereas during the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century, new plesiosaurs were described at a rate of three or four genera each decade, the pace suddenly picked up in the 1990s, with seventeen plesiosaurs being discovered in this period. The tempo of discovery accelerated in the early twenty-first century, with about three or four plesiosaurs being named each year.Smith, A.S., 2003, Cladistic analysis of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). Masters thesis in palaeobiology, University of Bristol, 91 pp This implies that about half of the known plesiosaurs are relatively new to science, a result of a far more intense field research.
These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution, and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to affect the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight responseAlmada RC, Coimbra NC. Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake Bothrops alternatus [ Reptilia , Viperidae ] Synapse 2015:n/a–n/a (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing. Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared to wolves.
In 2018 the real-life scientists Adam Frank and Gavin Schmidt named their Silurian hypothesis for the fictional species. Commonly called Silurians, after their supposed origins in the Silurian period, the creatures have also been referred to by other names. In The Sea Devils, the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) claims that "properly speaking", the Silurians should have been called "Eocenes". The name Homo reptilia is first used to describe the creatures in the novelisation Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (1974), and is first used in the series proper in the episode "The Hungry Earth" (2010).
The type genus, Allodaposuchus, was originally described in 1928 from the Maastrichtian-age Sard Formation of the Hațeg Basin in Transylvania, Romania, and classified as a relative of the North American Leidyosuchus.Nopcsa F., 1928 – Paleontological notes on Reptilia. 7. Classification of the Crocodilia – Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 1: 75–84. It was later classified as a eusuchian outside of Crocodylia in a 2001 paper, and subsequent studies found a number of European eusuchian species (Arenysuchus, Ischyrochampsa, Massaliasuchus, Musturzabalsuchus) to group with Allodaposuchus, prompting the erection of the clade Allodaposuchidae to accommodate Allodaposuchus and all European eusuchians closely related to it.
In 1858 Richard Owen referred a fossil consisting of a set of three metatarsals, foot bones, part of the collection of the British Museum of Natural History, to the herbivorous dinosaur genus Hylaeosaurus because of its size and bone texture.Owen, R., 1858, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Part IV. Dinosauria (Hylaeosaurus). [Wealden]. The Palaeontological Society, London 1856-1864: 8-26 Owen had a lithograph made of the bones that gave a mirrored image: although they were in fact from the left foot, it now seemed they were from the right foot.
Distal part of a left femur of a sauropod dinosaur regarded as the first dinosaur discovery of Thailand Dinosaur fossils were first discovered in Thailand during mineral exploration in the Phu Wiang area of Khon Kaen province. In 1976 Sudham Yaemniyom, a geologist, discovered a piece of bone on a streambed, Huai Pratu Tima, which was later identified as a distal part of the left femur of a sauropod dinosaur,Ingavat, R., Janvier, R., and Taquet, P. (1978) Decouverte en Thailande d'une portion de femur de dinosaure sauropode (Saurischia, Reptilia). C.R. Soc.Geol.France 3: 140-141 regarded as the first dinosaur discovery of Thailand.
Speciation theory caused by mountain ranges and Pleistocene glacial cycles: It is believed that many of the Iberolacerta genus had led to many speciation seen today because of the Pleistocene glacial cycles and Holocene habitat fragmentation.Crochet PA, Chaline O, Surget-Groba Y, Debain C, Cheylan M (2004) "Speciation in mountains: phylogeography and phylogeny of the rock lizards genus Iberolacerta (Reptilia: Lacertidae)". Mol Phylogenet Evol 30: 860–866 For example, I. monticola has been studied to determine its cause of speciation. There was an analysis of 17 I. monticola population's mitochondrial DNA sequences, at a control region and cytochrome b loci, throughout the northwestern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula.
Dimetrodon is an early member of a group called synapsids, which include mammals and many of their extinct relatives, though it is not an ancestor of any mammal (which appeared millions of years laterThe mammals appear). It is often mistaken for a dinosaur in popular culture, despite having become extinct some 40 million years (Ma) before the first appearance of dinosaurs in the Triassic period. As a synapsid, Dimetrodon is more closely related to mammals than to dinosaurs or any living reptile. By the early 1900s most paleontologists called Dimetrodon a reptile in accordance with Linnean taxonomy, which ranked Reptilia as a class and Dimetrodon as a genus within that class.
The evolution of lungs and legs are the main transitional steps towards reptiles, but the development of hard-shelled external eggs replacing the amphibious water bound eggs is the defining feature of the class Reptilia and is what allowed these amphibians to fully leave water. Another major difference from amphibians is the increased brain size, more specifically, the enlarged cerebrum and cerebellum. Although their brain size is small when compared to birds and mammals, these enhancements prove vital in hunting strategies of reptiles. The increased size of these two regions of the brain allowed for improved motor skills and an increase in sensory development.
His skill as an operator was widely known: he was an excellent general surgeon, but made his special mark as an ophthalmologist. As a geologist he attained a European reputation: he was elected FRS in 1867 for his researches on the anatomy and physiology of the retina in man and the lower animals, particularly the reptiles. He subsequently devoted all his spare time to geology and especially to the fossil reptilia, describing many remains of dinosaurs from the Isle of Wight."John Whitaker Hulke" in Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 He had access to one of the best private collections of the day: that of Rev.
The Jarman-Bell Principle has some notable exceptions. Small herbivorous members of class Mammalia, Aves and Reptilia were observed to be inconsistent with the trend of small body mass being linked with high quality food. This discrepancy could be due to ecological factors which apply pressure and encourage an adaptive approach to the given environment, rather than taking on an optimal form of digestive physiology. Small rodents subjected to low quality diet were observed to increase food intake and increase the size of their cecum and intestine, counteracting their low quality diet by allowing viable consumption of such food and hence refuting the link between diet quality and body size.
For two years, the journal did not release any further issues. During this time, the editorial board continued to forward accepted manuscripts to Wells who maintained his UNE address despite having moved. Then, without warning, a 56-page double issue consisting of a single article, "A Synopsis of the Class Reptilia in Australia" by Wells and C. Ross Wellington was published dated December 31, 1983. The paper reassessed the taxonomy of Australia's entire reptile class; in doing so, the pair named 33 novel genera and raised eight further genera from synonym status and established 214 additional species, either by elevating subspecies or resurrecting synonyms.
It is on the strength of these early miniatures that he was appointed by the Dukes in Munich. Gradually these natural history were organised into a four-volume manuscript (various folios dated from 1575 to 1582 in various museums including the National Gallery of Art, Washington, the Kupferstichkabinett Berlin, the Louvre, Paris and various private collections). The work was entitled Animalia rationalia et insecta (ignis); Animalia quadrupedia et reptilia (terra) ; Animalia aquatilia et conchiliata (aqua); and Animalia volatilia et amphibia (aier) and contains detailed depictions of thousands of animals divided according to the four elements. The book is therefore simply referred to as the Four Elements).
Diapsids were originally classified as one of four subclasses of the class Reptilia, all of which were based on the number and arrangement of openings in the skull. The other three subclasses were Synapsida (one opening low on the skull, for the "mammal-like reptiles"), Anapsida (no skull opening, including turtles and their relatives), and Euryapsida (one opening high on the skull, including many prehistoric marine reptiles). With the advent of phylogenetic nomenclature, this system of classification was heavily modified. Today, the synapsids are often not considered true reptiles, while Euryapsida were found to be an unnatural assemblage of diapsids that had lost one of their skull openings.
Deighton, Bell and Co., Cambridge, xxiii + 143 pp at the same time disclaiming the name which makes it invalid by modern standards. In 1870, Seeley had realised that the generic name Ptenodactylus had been preoccupied and renamed the species into Ornithocheirus cuvieri.Seeley, H.G., 1870, The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyls, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell, and Co., Cambridge, xii + 135 pp In 1874, Richard Owen renamed it into Coloborhynchus cuvieri;Owen, R. 1874, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations.
The same year, B. H. Newman suggested to have Lydekker's selection of the knee joint as the lectotype officially rescinded by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, as the joint was in his opinion from a species related to Megalosaurus. Eventually, after Newman had already died, Alan Jack Charig actually filed a request in 1992. In 1994 the ICZN reacted positively, in Opinion 1788 deciding that the skull and skeleton, specimen BMNH R.1111, would be the neotype of Scelidosaurus.International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1994, "Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 (Reptilia, Ornithischia): lectotype replaced", Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 51: 288 The knee joint was in 1995 by Samuel Welles et al.
In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution, and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to affect the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight responseAlmada RC, Coimbra NC. Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake Bothrops alternatus [ Reptilia, Viperidae ] Synapse 2015:n/a–n/a (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing.
Ken Haley from Pop Culture Shock qualified the story as "simplistic", and he said it follows a formula since in the first two chapters Yumiko is always running away from the Snake Lady. Haley commented that Reptilia reminded him of "a classic Universal horror flick", adding that he did not want to put it on the same level as Lugosi's Dracula, or Karloff's Frankenstein but saying that it might appeal to the fans of monster flicks. He also stated that the manga is "nothing like most of the horror series [...] on the market" at the time. Joseph Luster of Otaku USA praised IDW's "fine presentation" of the book and the newly designed cover by Ashley Wood.
Photo and reconstructions of the skull In 1978, Rupert Wild described a small pterosaur specimen in the collection of the Museo di Paleontologia dell´Università di Milano, found near Cene, Lombardy. He referred to it as the "Milan Exemplar" and identified it as a juvenile of Eudimorphodon ranzii. Wild noted considerable differences with the latter's type specimen but these were explained as reflecting the young age of the animal.Wild, R., 1978, "Die Flugsaurier (Reptilia, Pterosauria) aus der Oberen Trias von Cene bei Bergamo, Italien", Bolletino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 17 (2): 176-256 In 2009, Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia confirmed an earlier conclusion by Alexander KellnerKellner, A.W.A., 2003, "Pterosaur phylogeny and comments on the evolutionary history of the group".
Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014 In 2016, a study found that only 11 fixed genes showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to affect the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight responseAlmada RC, Coimbra NC. Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake Bothrops alternatus [ Reptilia, Viperidae ] Synapse 2015:n/a–n/a (i.e., selection for tameness), and emotional processing.
In 1869, Harry Govier Seeley named Ptenodactylus machaerorhynchus,Seeley, H.G., 1869, Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell and Co., Cambridge, xxiii + 143 pp at the same time disclaiming the name which makes it invalid by modern standards. In 1870, Seeley had realised that the generic name Ptenodactylus had been preoccupied and renamed the species into Ornithocheirus machaerorhynchus.Seeley, H.G., 1870, The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyls, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge.
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida; 1992. Most of the remaining hot spots were poorly known or unknown before teams of biologists and students, led by the Haiti National Trust cofounders, visited the sites to survey vertebrates, selected plants, and other species. This work led to the discovery of new species of lizards,Köhler G, Hedges SB. 2016. A revision of the green anoles of Hispaniola with description of eight new species (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae). Novitates Caribaea 9: 1-135 frogs, and plants, and the rediscovery of vertebrates and plants thought to be extinct such as the Tiburon Stream Frog (Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus), La Hotte Twig Anole (Anolis darlingtoni), and Ekman’s Magnolia (Magnolia ekmani).
Lovejoy, E.M.P., 1976, Geology of Cerro de Cristo Rey uplift, Chihuahua and New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir, no. 31. Vertebrate fossils found in the Boquillas Formation include mosasaurs, fish bones, and shark's teeth.Gorden L. Bell, Jr., Kenneth R. Barnes and Michael J. Polcyn (2013) Late Cretaceous mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata) of the BigBend region in Texas, USA. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Available onCJO 2013 doi:10.1017/S1755691013000406Hunt, ReBecca K., Vincent L. Santucci and Jason Kenworthy (2006) A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units, in S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, P.M. Hester, J.P. Kenworthy, and V.L. Santucci (eds.), Fossils from Federal Lands.
Koken, E. (1887). "Die Dinosaurier, Crocodiliden und Sauropterygier des Norddeutschen Wealden" [The dinosaurians, crocodylids and sauropterygians of the North German Wealden], In: Geologisch-Palaeontologische Abhandlungen 3(5): 311-419. The specific name honours paleontologist Wilhelm Dunker, who, many years earlier, had discovered the tooth on the Deister, in the main coal seam of Obernkirchen. This holotype had been, under the inventory number UM 84, added by him to the collection of the University of Marburg. In 1888, Richard Lydekker assigned many fragmentary specimens from the Early Cretaceous of England which had been referred to Megalosaurus in the literature to "Megalosaurus" dunkeri,Lydekker, R. (1888). Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1.
Skeleton of Tchoiria Neochoristoderes first appear in the Early Cretaceous of Asia, where they co-exist with other choristodere groups like monjurosuchids and hyphalosaurids. Here, a regional absence of aquatic crocodilians, possibly due to colder temperatures, seems to have opened the ecological niche for these choristoderes to occupy a similar ecological niche.The first record of a long-snouted choristodere (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Early Cretaceous of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan Article in Historical Biology 27(5):1-12 · December 2014 R. Matsumoto and S. E. Evans. 2010. Choristoderes and the freshwater assemblages of Laurasia. Journal of Iberian Geology 36(2):253-274 Other than a possible specimen from the Cedar Mountain Formation, a large gap occurs between these Early Cretaceous faunas and the Late Cretaceous ones.
Its actual nature was not found until Baird restudied it over a century later and identified it as a squamosal (bone from the back of the skull) of Pachycephalosaurus, including a set of bony knobs corresponding to those found on other specimens of Pachycephalosaurus. Because the name Tylosteus predates Pachycephalosaurus, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Tylosteus would normally be preferred. In 1985, Baird successfully petitioned to have Pachycephalosaurus used instead of Tylosteus because the latter name had not been used for over fifty years, was based on undiagnostic materials, and had poor geographic and stratigraphic information.ICZN Opinion 1371, "Pachycephalosaurus Brown & Schlaikjer, 1943 and Troodon wyomingensis Gilmore, 1931 (Reptilia, Dinosauria): Conserved." Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 43 (1): April 1986.
Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti (4 December 1735, Vienna – 17 February 1805, Vienna) was an Austrian naturalist and zoologist of Italian origin. Laurenti is considered the auctor of the class Reptilia (reptiles) through his authorship of ' (1768) on the poisonous function of reptiles and amphibians. This was an important book in herpetology, defining thirty genera of reptiles; Carl Linnaeus's 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758 defined only ten genera. Specimen Medicum contains a description of the blind salamander (amphibian): Proteus anguinus, purportedly collected from cave waters in Slovenia (or possibly western Croatia); this description represented one of the first published accounts of a cave animal in the western world, although Proteus anguinus was not recognized as a cave animal at the time.
The Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) is a type of house gecko common to the Mediterranean area which has spread to many parts of the world. It is commonly referred to as the Turkish gecko as represented in its Latin name and also as the moon lizard because it emerges in the evening. A study in Portugal found H. turcicus to be totally nocturnal, with the highest activity peak around 2:00 AM.Mateus, O. & Jacinto, J.J. (2002): Contribution to the study of Hemidactylus turcicus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae): rhythms of activity and microhabitat in Évora, Portugal. P. 136, in S.P.H. [Sociedade Portuguesa de Herpetologia] & A.H.E. [Associación Herpetológica Española] (coord.) Livro de resumos do VII Congresso Luso-espanhol de Herpetologia / XI Congreso Español de Herpetologia.
Hạ Long Bay is host to two ecosystems: a tropical, moist, evergreen rainforest ecosystem; and a marine and coastal ecosystem. The bay is home to seven endemic species: Livistona halongensis, Impatiens halongensis, Chirita halongensis, Chirita hiepii, Chirita modesta, Paraboea halongensis and Alpinia calcicola. The many islands that dot the bay are home to a great many other species, including (but likely not limited to): 477 magnoliales, 12 pteris, 20 salt marsh flora; and 4 amphibia, 10 reptilia, 40 aves, and 4 mammalia. Common aquatic species found in the bay include: cuttlefish (mực); oyster (hào); cyclinae (ngán); prawns (penaeidea (tôm he), panulirus (tôm hùm), parapenaeopsis (tôm sắt), etc.); sipunculoideas (sá sùng); nerita (ốc đĩa); charonia tritonis (ốc tù và); and cà sáy.
Gigantosaurus (from the Greek "Γίγας" and "σαυρος", meaning "giant lizard") is a sauropod dinosaur genus from the Late Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation of England. The type species, Gigantosaurus megalonyx, was named and described by Harry Govier Seeley in 1869.Seeley, H.G., 1869, Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia from the Secondary System of Strata, arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. III. Geological Magazine 7 Its syntype series consists of several separately discovered sauropod bones found in Cambridgeshire, including two caudal (tail) vertebrae (CAMSM J.29477 and CAMSM J.29478), the distal end of a tibia (CAMSM J.29483), a cast of the right radius (CAMSM J.29482), a cast of phalanx (CAMSM J.29479) and an osteoderm (CAMSM J.29481).
The term Archosauromorpha was first used by Friedrich von Huene in 1946 to refer to reptiles more closely related to archosaurs than to lepidosaurs. However, there was little consensus on ancient reptile relationships prior to the late 20th century, so the term Archosauromorpha was seldom used until many years after its creation. The advent of cladistics helped to sort out at least some of the relationships within Reptilia, and it became clear that there was a split between the archosaur lineage and the lepidosaur lineage somewhere within the Permian, with certain reptiles clearly closer to archosaurs and others allied with lepidosaurs. Jacques Gauthier reused the term Archosauromorpha for the archosaur lineage at the 1982 annual meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, and later used it within his 1984 Ph.D. thesis.
Male golden toad Herpetology (from Greek ἑρπετόν herpetón, meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal") is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians (gymnophiona)) and reptiles (including snakes, lizards, amphisbaenids, turtles, terrapins, tortoises, crocodilians, and the tuataras). Birds, which are cladistically included within Reptilia, are traditionally excluded here; the scientific study of birds is the subject of ornithology. Thus, the definition of herpetology can be more precisely stated as the study of ectothermic (cold-blooded) tetrapods. Under this definition "herps" (or sometimes "herptiles" or "herpetofauna") exclude fish, but it is not uncommon for herpetological and ichthyological scientific societies to "team up", publishing joint journals and holding conferences in order to foster the exchange of ideas between the fields, as the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists does.
In addition to "I Feel Fine", feedback was used on the introduction to songs including Jimi Hendrix's "Foxy Lady", the Beatles' "It's All Too Much", Hendrix's "Crosstown Traffic", David Bowie's "Little Wonder", the Strokes's "New York City Cops", Ben Folds Five's "Fair", Midnight Juggernauts's "Road to Recovery", Nirvana's "Radio Friendly Unit Shifter", the Jesus and Mary Chain's "Tumbledown" and "Catchfire", the Stone Roses's "Waterfall", Porno for Pyros's "Tahitian Moon", Tool's "Stinkfist", and the Cure's "Prayer For Rain".Hodgson (2010), p.121-122. Examples of feedback combined with a quick volume swell used as a transition include Weezer's "My Name Is Jonas" and "Say It Ain't So"; The Strokes' "Reptilia", "New York City Cops", and "Juicebox"; Dream Theater's "As I Am"; as well as numerous tracks by Meshuggah and Tool.Hodgson (2010), p.122-123.
Distal part of a left femur of a sauropod dinosaur regarded as the first dinosaur discovery of Thailand Beginning in 1970, the US Geological Survey conducted a mineral exploration in the Phu Wiang area of Khon Kaen province and discovered a type of uranium ore, coffinite, in association with copper ores, azurite and malachite. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) later participated. Between 1975 and 1980, the Department of Mineral Resources conducted a detailed drilling program and in 1976 Sudham Yaemniyom, a geologist, discovered a piece of bone on a streambed, Huai Pratu Tima, which was later identified as a distal part of the left femur of a sauropod dinosaur,Ingavat, R., Janvier, R., and Taquet, P. (1978) Decouverte en Thailande d'une portion de femur de dinosaure sauropode (Saurischia, Reptilia). C.R. Soc.Geol.
British paleontologist Harry Govier Seeley then created the new genus Ornithocheirus for the new species in the same year, the generic name translating as "bird hand" is due to the notion of the time that pterosaurs were the ancestors of modern birds. In 1869, Seeley reassigned Pterodactylus cuvieri into Ptenodactylus cuvieri, but in 1870, Seeley had realized that the generic name Ptenodactylus had been considered a nomen nudum, and therefore reassigned the species into Ornithocheirus cuvieri. Between 1869 and 1870, Seeley reassigned various species of pterosaurs, including P. cuvieri into newly named species of Ornithocheirus, therefore 27 in total.Seeley, H.G., 1869, Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata, arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. St. John's College, Cambridge 8: 143.
Furthering the researches, he created supermales (with YY chromosomes) of tilapia, barbs and guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and superfemales (ZZ) in molly (Poecilia sphenops) species, reportedly for the first time in India. He used these monosex organisms to mass-produce monosex progenies in catfish. He is also credited with the cloning and production of fish-based growth hormone gene transformation vectors and with the restoration of rosy barb species using preserved sperms and genome-inactivated eggs of tiger barb. His researches are documented in a number of books which include Animal Energetics: Bivalvia through reptilia, Animal Energetics: Protozoa through insecta, Sex Determination in Fish, Genetic Sex Differentiation in Fish, Environmental Sex Differentiation in Fish and Reproduction and Development in Crustacea, and over 250 science articles; ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific papers, has listed 133 of them.
Cope assigned Aublysodon to the Goniopoda in 1870,Cope, E.D., 1870, "Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 14(1): 1-252 a group roughly equivalent to the modern Theropoda. Marsh however, in 1892 was misled by the small size of the teeth, their D-shaped cross-section and their lack of serrations into considering Aublysodon a mammal exceptionally large for the Cretaceous. By the early twentieth century it was again generally understood that Aublysodon was a theropod reptile; later it would be typically assigned to the Deinodontidae, a group today called the Tyrannosauridae. Aublysodon was by Paul in 1988 thought to belong to a unique subfamily of tyrannosaurids called the Aublysodontinae, a name already coined, together with an Aublysodontidae, by Franz Nopcsa in 1928.
Galton, P.M., 1969, "The pelvic musculature of the dinosaur Hypsilophodon (Reptilia : Ornithischia)", Postilla, 131: 1-64 In 1971 Galton in detail refuted Abel's arguments, showing that the first toe had been incorrectly reconstructed and that neither the curvature of the claws, nor the level of mobility of the shoulder girdle or the tail could be seen as adaptations for climbing,Galton, P.M., 1971, "Hypsilophodon, the cursorial nonarboreal dinosaur", Nature, 231: 159-161 concluding that Hypsilophodon was a bipedal running form.Galton, P.M., 1971, "The mode of life of Hypsilophodon, the supposedly arboreal ornithopod dinosaur", Lethaia, 4: 453-465 This convinced the paleontological community that Hypsilophodon remained firmly on the ground. The level of parental care in this dinosaur has not been defined, nests not having been found, although neatly arranged nests are known from related species, suggesting that some care was taken before hatching.
He assigned these specimens to a new species called Pterodactylus compressirostris.Owen, R. (1851). Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. The Palaeontographical Society 5(11):1-118. In 1914 however, paleontologist Reginald Hooley redescribed P. compressirostris, to which he erected the genus Lonchodectes (meaning "lance biter"), and therefore made P. compressirostris the type species, and created the new combination L. compressirostris. In a 2013 review, P. giganteus and P. cuvieri were reassigned to new genera; P. giganteus was reassigned to a genus called Lonchodraco (meaning "lance dragon"), which resulted in a new combination called L. giganteus, and P. cuvieri was reassigned to the new genus Cimoliopterus (meaning "chalk wing"), creating C. cuvieri. Back in 1859, Owen had found remains the front part of a snout in the Cambridge Greensand, and assigned it into the species Pterodactylus segwickii; in honor of Adam Sedgwick, a British geologist.Owen, R. (1859).
The specific name horrificus is Latin for "dreadful". The tooth, with a preserved length of about three inches, is very broad, flat, and symmetrical and is not recurved.Weishampel, D.B., 2006, "Another look at the dinosaurs of the East Coast of North America", III Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos, Spain. Colectivo Arqueológico-Paleontológico Salense Actas, pp 129-168 In 1870 Edward Drinker Cope concluded it was not a fish but a carnivorous dinosaur.Cope, E.D., 1870, "Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 14(1): 1-252Miller, H.W., 1955, "A check-list of the Cretaceous and Tertiary vertebrates of New Jersey", Journal of Paleontology, 29(5): 903-914 Ralph Molnar followed this up in 1990 by suggesting that it was a synonym of the tyrannosauroid Dryptosaurus.
Reconstruction of Gorgonops The first gorgonopsian remains were identified in the Beaufort Group of the Karoo Supergroup in a South African outcropping, and were classified as Gorgonops torvus in 1876 by English biologist Richard Owen. The name Gorgonops is derived from the Ancient Greek , meaning "gorgon", and , meaning "aspect". Owen presumed that this and several other taxa he described from the supergroup were cold-blooded reptiles, yet they had teeth resembling those of carnivorous mammals, and so proposed classifying all of them under the newly coined order Theriodontia (which he placed in the class Reptilia). He decided to subdivide Theriodontia into families based on the anatomy of the nostrils (the bony narials)—"Mononarialia" for those with 1 opening in the skull for the nose as in mammals, "Binarialia" for those with 2 openings as in reptiles, and "Tectinarialia" for Gorgonops because its opening was overshadowed by a thick bone roof (tectus is Latin for "covered, roofed, decked").
Lithograph of the holotype In 1874, Richard Owen named a pair of lower jaws from the collection of Samuel Husband Beckles, found at St Leonards-on-Sea in Sussex, as a new species of Pterodactylus: Pterodactylus sagittirostris. The specific name means "arrowhead-snouted" in Latin, referring to the mandible profile in upper view.Owen, R. 1874. "A Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. 1. Pterosauria." The Palaeontographical Society Monograph 27: 1–14 In 1888, Edwin Tulley Newton, conforming to the soon to be published pterosaur systematics by Richard Lydekker, renamed the species into Ornithocheirus sagittirostris.Newton, E. T., 1888, "On the Skull, Brain, and Auditory Organ of a new species of Pterosaurian (Scaphognathus purdoni), from the Upper Lias near Whitby, Yorkshire", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v. 179, p. 503-537 In July 1891, the British Museum (Natural History), the present Natural History Museum, bought the piece from the heirs of Beckles.
Holotype of C. sedgwickii, and a lower jaw Owen claimed belonged to the same specimen In 1869, Harry Govier Seeley, based on a fossil found at Haslingfield, Cambridgeshire, named Ptenodactylus nasutus,Seeley, H.G., 1869, Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell and Co., Cambridge, xxiii + 143 pp at the same time disclaiming the name which makes it invalid by modern standards. In 1870, Seeley had realized that the generic name Ptenodactylus had been preoccupied, so he renamed the species into Ornithocheirus nasutus.Seeley, H.G., 1870, The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyls, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell, and Co., Cambridge, xii + 135 pp The specific name means "with a long nose" in Latin. In 2001, David Unwin made this species a junior subjective synonym of Anhanguera fittoni.
At the time, the British Association Code of 1843 allowed to change names if they were inappropriate. In 1850, Richard Owen, considering the species not to have been particularly large, and renamed it into Pterodactylus conirostris; the specific name meaning "cone-snouted", which was based on the conical snout of specimen NHMUK PV 39412.Dixon, F., 1850 The geology and fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, 423 pp However, after insistent objections by Bowerbank, Owen retracted this name in 1851 when he described the finds in more detail.Owen, R., 1851, A monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous formations. Palaeontographical Society, London, 118 pp In 1914 Reginald Walter Hooley assigned the species to a new genus Lonchodectes, "the lance biter", as a Lonchodectes giganteus. In 2013, Taissa Rodrigues and Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner concluded that the type species of Lonchodectes, Lonchodectes compressirostris, was a nomen dubium. Therefore, they created a new genus Lonchodraco, combining Greek λόγχη, lonchē, "lance", with Latin draco, "dragon".
Reconstruction of the Late Permian of Tanzania, with a herd of Endothiodon being pursued by a gorgonopsian Endothiodon was first discovered in the Karoo region of Beaufort West, South Africa.Owen R. "Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the fossil reptilia of South Africa in the collections of the British Museum" Taylor and Francis (1876) The Karoo region is characteristic of siltstones that are fine-to medium- or coarse- grained, dark or greenish grey, and very finely crossbedded.Verniers J., Jourdan P. P., Paulis R. V., Frasca-Spada L., De Bock F. R. "The Karroo Graben of Metangula Northern Mozambique" Journal of African Earth Sciences 9:1, 137-158 (1989) Since then several more specimens have been found in African countries including the Usili, Ruhuhu and lower part of the Kawinga Formations of Tanzania, the basal beds of Madumabisa Mudstone of Zambia, and Chiweta Beds, Malawi.Ray Sanghamitra "Permian reptilian fauna from the Kundaram Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India" Journal of African earth Sciences 29:1, 211-218 (1999) Endothiodon has been placed in the Tropidostoma and/or Cistecephalus Assemblage Zones and dates back to a Late Permian (Tatarian) age.

No results under this filter, show 440 sentences.

Copyright © 2024 RandomSentenceGen.com All rights reserved.