"The fundamental question is whether the repeaters are different in their nature and distance scale than non repeaters," Loeb told Gizmodo.
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FRBs come in two varieties: repeaters, which flash multiple times at the same spot, and non-repeaters, which are one-off bursts.
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We would also like to study the properties of whole populations of FRBs and try to see if there are different sources that give rise to repeaters and non-repeaters.
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To know more, scientists need more FRBs, and more repeaters.
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I look forward to the day when we have hundreds of repeaters.
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"Repeaters seem to have voice qualities that are almost normal," Scherer says.
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It is one of these new repeaters — a signal called FRB 180916.
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The company provides signal repeaters to extend wireless signals to fill coverage gaps.
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With this new discovery, astronomers are now hopeful of finding even more repeaters.
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Evan's devices, instead, are known as "keyless repeaters" and carry out so-called relay attacks.
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Such repeaters are theoretically possible, but so technologically complex that they remain impossible in practice.
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The existence of two FRB sources that seem to be repeaters suggests a different origin.
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But to get repeaters, particularly children, a ballet has to have at least some dramatic force.
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The process of locating fast repeaters is relatively straightforward because they happen at the same point in space.
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"Repeaters," as Scherer calls teens who have made numerous suicide attempts, have an entirely different tone of voice.
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I did everything right and I've tried multiple configurations in my home including power-line networking and multiple repeaters.
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CDT on Saturday when engineers manually shut down the sirens' radio system and repeaters, city Emergency Management Director Rocky Vaz said.
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Meanwhile, contemporary demand for electrical outlets mandates extensive rewiring, and thick walls may require multiple repeaters to maintain steady internet service.
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They are not designed, as were the Montre à tact and the minute repeaters, to help us tell time in the dark.
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But minute repeaters, which continue to be produced largely by hand and by ear, remain the preserve of more highly priced pieces.
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The microwave repeaters that make Everest Link possible are mostly located on mountain peaks, and the entire network relies exclusively on solar power.
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Sending one farther than that would require the invention of quantum repeaters, devices that could receive, store and re-transmit quantum information securely.
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Similar to optical telecommunications here on Earth, quantum systems need repeaters that can amplify the message so it can be passed long distances.
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That hose is wrapped in copper, which conducts the direct current that powers the cable and its repeaters, sometimes up to 210,2000 volts.
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"Imagine spools of spools of garden hose along with a lot of these repeaters the size of an old travel trunk," Clatterbuck said.
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Lee is working on a way to test such a network without having to trust its manufacturer or the manufacturer of the repeaters.
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The best part, Lindsey said, is that you don't even need to attach equipment or repeaters all along the length of the cable.
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In the watch world, you'll most often see it used in minute repeaters, watches that will chime the time when you hit a button.
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The Voice is the only smart bulb that can act as an assistant, and the company also makes bulbs that work as wireless repeaters.
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All the while, the rover drops ultra-rugged Wi-Fi repeaters off its rear like a breadcrumb trail, extending its signal in the process.
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Called minute repeaters, they allow the wearer to hit a button and the watch will respond with chimes indicating the time of the day.
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"Our company was started many years ago in a business of manufacturing mobile signal repeaters, you know, which are to boost the signal," he said.
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Standard fibre-optical signals suffer from the same weakening of the signal, so "repeaters" to boost it are placed at regular intervals along their path.
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A couple of access points will be connected to a hard fiber optic line, but most will be stand-alone repeaters that communicate through the mesh.
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The cable, which features about 110 repeaters, will have a total design capacity of 36 terabits per second with the option to expand in the future.
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One day, quantum repeaters might send entangled particles of light, called photons, to the computers on a network in order to set up a quantum link.
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They're more powerful than repeaters, and in many cases, you can buy one or two of them and then add more over time depending on your needs.
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The Meraki repeaters are preconfigured to a maximum 30 dB signal strength, the FCC cutoff designed to keep radio frequencies clear for aviation and point of sale devices.
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But for now places like Santa Cruz Itundujia survive using a rudimentary radio network to reach far away communities, or makeshift and unstable solutions like cheap cell signal repeaters.
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At places like the University of Chicago, researchers hope to go a step further, exploring what are called quantum repeaters — devices that could extend the range of quantum encryption.
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According to Gaensler, they should spot more FRBs in one day than have been found in the past 10 years, providing ample opportunity to look for repeaters and localize signals.
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To get the ball rolling, the Mozilla blog highlights ideas such as turning backpacks into roaming routers or repurposing old phone booths or other under-utilized infrastructure as WiFi hotspots or repeaters.
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" Mejías is working to distribute a network of ham radio equipment and signal repeaters across Puerto Rico, so that "we can start hearing and listening to what's going on in the countryside.
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Striking watches, and minute repeaters in particular, are made only in small quantities by a handful of specialist companies, and considered among the most difficult watches to produce, and the most collectible.
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FRBs are also mystifying because they can be either one-offs or "repeaters," meaning some bursts appear only once in a certain part of the sky, while others emit multiple flashes to Earth.
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But FRBs come in two flavors: repeaters and one-offs, the latter of which are more common but, up until this point, were impossible to pinpoint in space owing to their transient nature.
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Diana Nucera of the Detroit Community Technology Project began setting it up in 2016, installing wireless repeaters and access points to spread its own gigabit connection and intranet resources to those in need.
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Then last year, scientists announced that the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, or CHIME, used a radio telescope to detect eight new repeating FRBs, bringing the number of known repeaters to a total of 10.
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He and others are trying to get around it by designing quantum repeaters, which would be similar to those that are used in current communications to carry messages over long distances, but ones that are quantum-friendly.
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In the real world, losses in optical fiber will always be present, but if quantum repeaters are placed periodically along a long-distance fiber link, then the distance over which entanglement can be successful can be enhanced further.
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But investors like Sequoia, which led the round and whose partner Carl Eschenbach is joining Aurora's board, T. Rowe Price and Amazon, along with repeaters like Index Ventures (general partner Mike Volpi is also on the board) have patience, access to cash and long-term strategic thinking.
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Patek Philippe has been making minute repeaters since it was founded in 211.59, but this model, a 22016-piece limited edition, was the first it has designed with the striking mechanism on the dial side of the watch so it can be seen by the wearer.
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You've got a host of hardware options that can help you out, from mesh routers to Wi-Fi repeaters, but before you upgrade any set up, do some detective work—with some carefully chosen apps you can work out where your wi-fi network is failing and come up with better possible solutions.
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Such a project would require a quantum channel, or a physical link to transmit qubits; it would need quantum repeaters that would allow for two qubits to entangle over large distances; and finally, it would require quantum end nodes that could be a simple as devices that measure the qubits' values or full-scale quantum computer processors.
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The communication line can stretch 1900 meters without repeaters or 9500 meters with up to 4 allowed repeaters.
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There is evidence to suggest mirror-mounted repeaters may be more effective than repeaters mounted in the previously predominant fender side location.
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GMRS repeaters are permitted to be linked with other GMRS repeaters but are not authorized to connect to the Public Switched Telephone Network.
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Effect of repeaters The effect of Morse's use of "repeaters" is shown in the figure at the left, a graph of signal amplitude (with noise) vs. distance. The signal decays between repeaters, but Morse restores the signal to a predetermined level before it falls into the noise.
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Additionally, Sirius applied for repeaters in Hawaii and Alaska and has already been granted authority for 20 repeaters covering the island of Puerto Rico by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
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The mountain is named for its patches of Quaking Aspen trees on the north and south face. Aspen Mountain also houses repeaters used by local highway patrol and local police and fire services for Sweetwater County,Sweetwater County Homeland Security which are also present on nearby Wilkins Peak. If the local emergency repeaters on Aspen Mountain fail, they are automatically switched to the Wilkins Peak repeaters, and vice versa. The mountain also houses amateur radio repeaters,Sweetwater Amateur Radio Club repeaters The Utah VHF Society and a long range radar station (operated by the FAA) is the mountain's most visible feature.
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A cellular repeater is used to extend cell coverage into larger areas. They range from wideband repeaters for consumer use in homes and offices to smart or digital repeaters for industrial needs.
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These repeaters are also called regenerators for the same reason.
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Devices incorporating HDcctv interfaces include video cameras, DVRs and repeaters.
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Atlantic Bird 3 was assembled by Alcatel Space, later Alcatel Alenia Space, on a Spacebus 3000 3B platform. It was equipped with 35 repeaters covering Europe, North Africa and the Middle-East as well as 10 C band repeaters. The Ku band repeaters are 94 W. The 12 C band repeaters, 55 W, though only 10 can be simultaneously active. During the eclipse of spring 2004 equinox, the satellite lost 6 of its total of 108 battery elements, reducing its performance.
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Additional synchronized TIS/HAR repeaters are being added to the network.
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The extended star network topology extends a physical star topology by one or more repeaters between the central node and the peripheral (or 'spoke') nodes. The repeaters are used to extend the maximum transmission distance of the physical layer, the point-to- point distance between the central node and the peripheral nodes. Repeaters allow greater transmission distance, further than would be possible using just the transmitting power of the central node. The use of repeaters can also overcome limitations from the standard upon which the physical layer is based.
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When coaxial cables were introduced as submarine cables, a new issue with cable-laying was encountered. These cables had periodic repeaters inline with the cable and powered through it. Repeaters overcame significant transmission problems on submarine cables. The difficulty with laying repeaters is that there is a bulge where they are spliced in to the cable and this causes problems passing through the sheave.
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Televisa's Tehuacán transmitters are repeaters of the stations at Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca.
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Also, the ISS has amateur radio repeaters and radio location services on board.
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XHZER has two 500-watt repeaters in Fresnillo and Jerez de García Salinas.
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Amateur radio repeaters may even use commercially packaged repeater systems that have been adjusted to operate within amateur radio frequency bands, but more often amateur repeaters are assembled from receivers, transmitters, controllers, power supplies, antennas, and other components, from various sources.
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Repeaters may be linked together in order to form what is known as a linked repeater system or linked repeater network. In such a system, when one repeater is keyed-up by receiving a signal, all the other repeaters in the network are also activated and will transmit the same signal. The connections between the repeaters are made via radio (usually on a different frequency from the published transmitting frequency) for maximum reliability. Some networks have a feature to allow the user being able to turn additional repeaters and links on or off on the network.
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Inyokern is served by two newspapers, The Daily Independent and the News Review, as well as a mixture of local broadcast stations and repeaters from radio and TV stations based in Los Angeles, California. The repeaters are operated by the IWV TV Booster.
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The network can support up to 5 repeaters (10 when used for redundant networks). The repeaters do not utilize network node numbers and are available in copper or fiber optic choices. The physical layer signaling uses Manchester code at 5 Mbit/s.
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Many amateur radio repeaters identify with Morse, even though they are used for voice communications.
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211–214, Adlard Coles, 1968 . American ships, for a time, tried using flexible repeaters which passed through the sheave. However, by the 1960s they were also using rigid repeaters similar to the British system."Two new British cable ships completed", New Scientist, No. 240, p.
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On telegraph lines this is done with relays, but there was no practical way to power them in a submarine cable. The first transatlantic cable with repeaters was TAT-1 in 1956. This was a telephone cable and used a different technology for its repeaters.
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At present, there is no network connecting quantum processors, or quantum repeaters deployed outside a lab.
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KOLN/KGIN serves its large coverage area with eight translators. Repeaters in bold are owned by Gray Television; all others are owned by local municipalities or organizations. All owned-and-operated repeaters broadcast a multiplexed digital signal including high-definition programming. The remainder broadcast an analog signal.
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The first-generation repeaters remain among the most reliable vacuum tube amplifiers ever designed.. From this page: In 1966, after ten years of service, the 1,608 tubes in the repeaters had not suffered a single failure. In fact, after more than 100 million tube-hours over all, AT&T; undersea repeaters were without failure. Later ones were transistorized. Many of these cables are still usable, but have been abandoned because their capacity is too small to be commercially viable.
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Remote adjustment may be mechanical by means of bowden cables, or may be electric by means of geared motors. The mirror glass may also be electrically heated and may include electrochromic dimming to reduce glare to the driver from the headlamps of following vehicles. Increasingly, the side mirror incorporates the vehicle's turn signal repeaters. There is evidence to suggest mirror-mounted repeaters may be more effective than repeaters mounted in the previously predominant fender side location.
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The cable itself consists of four fibers, using Erbium-doped fiber amplifier repeaters and wavelength division multiplexing.
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For Gigabit Ethernet and faster, no hubs or repeaters exist and all devices require full-duplex links.
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In addition to the main station, WDRE is relayed by additional repeaters to widen its broadcast area.
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Repeaters are available for all of the GSM frequency bands. Some repeaters will handle different types of networks (such as multi-mode GSM and UMTS). Repeater systems are available for certain Satellite phone systems, allowing these to be used indoors without a clear line of sight to the satellite.
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An optical communications repeater is used in a fiber-optic communications system to regenerate an optical signal. Such repeaters are used to extend the reach of optical communications links by overcoming loss due to attenuation of the optical fibre. Some repeaters also correct for distortion of the optical signal by converting it to an electrical signal, processing that electrical signal and then retransmitting an optical signal. Such repeaters are known as optical-electrical-optical (OEO) due to the conversion of the signal.
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Starting in 1994, TV Verdes Mares began to retransmit its programming to the interior of Ceará, using repeaters.
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716, 22 June 1961. Another issue with coaxial repeaters is that they are much heavier than the cable. To ensure that they sink at the same rate as the cable (which can take some time to reach the bottom) and keep the cable straight, the repeaters are fitted with parachutes.
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It also had other minor changes such as body coloured side mirrors and indicator repeaters on the front guards.
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Whether you call them repeaters, double-ups, reduplications, or technically, tautonyms, words like FROUFROU, HINAHINA and GUITGUIT are fascinating.
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One- to five-channel systems may be conventional two-way radio repeaters. More than five channel systems must be trunked.
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High Plains Public Radio also has low-powered repeaters throughout western Kansas, as well as the northern panhandle of Texas.
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Mobile and portable stations have a fairly limited range, usually three to twenty miles (~5 to 32 km) depending on terrain. Repeaters can be used to increase the range of these stations. They are usually placed upon hills and buildings to increase range. Repeaters have one or more receivers and a transmitter, with a controller.
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CKQV-FM is a radio station in Vermilion Bay, Ontario, Canada. The station's main studio and transmitter are located in Vermilion Bay, with repeaters in Kenora, Dryden and Sioux Lookout. Branded as Q104 after its repeaters, the station was locally owned and operated by Norwesto Communications, Ltd. The station broadcasts a classic hits format.
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Peninsula Engineering Group, Inc. (PEGI) was a United States company which was a pioneer in on-frequency microwave and cellular repeaters. From its founding in 1983 until its demise in 2002, the company was a technological leader in the field of low-cost on-frequency repeaters, and was awarded numerous patents. Peninsula Engineering Solutions, Inc.
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In all cases, the RG-6 should be of quad-shield variety. Maximum cable length without repeaters is 1000m and maximum number of nodes on the bus is 99. However, there is a tradeoff between number of devices on the bus and total cable length. Repeaters can be used to further extend the cable length.
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As the handle on the LSO controller is moved up or down it lights three or four consecutive lamps in the light box thus providing a meatball. ;Repeaters :MOVLAS repeaters show where the LSO is displaying the meatball to the pilot. One repeater is displayed on the integrated launch and recovery television surveillance system (ILARTS).
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Releasing the slide releases the spring, and its force as it unwinds moves the repeater mechanism through its chiming sequence. A problem with very early repeaters was that the slide could be released before it was fully cocked, causing the repeater to only chime part of its sequence. Around 1820 French watchmaker Abraham Breguet invented a reliable 'all-or-nothing' mechanism that prevented this, making watch repeaters considerably more reliable and popular. The first repeaters had a single bell mounted in the back of the case, on which 2 hammers would strike.
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Patch cables with patch fields of two Ethernet switches While repeaters can isolate some aspects of Ethernet segments, such as cable breakages, they still forward all traffic to all Ethernet devices. The entire network is one collision domain, and all hosts have to be able to detect collisions anywhere on the network. This limits the number of repeaters between the farthest nodes and creates practical limits on how many machines can communicate on an Ethernet network. Segments joined by repeaters have to all operate at the same speed, making phased-in upgrades impossible.
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In addition to KREY, KREX operates the largest translator network of any commercial station in Colorado, comprising 60 low-power repeaters.
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Its license, along with 43 other silent TBN repeaters, was canceled on December 1, 2011 for remaining silent over a year.
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Repeaters work on the physical layer of the OSI model but still require a small amount of time to regenerate the signal. This can cause a propagation delay that affects network performance and may affect proper function. As a result, many network architectures limit the number of repeaters used in a network, e.g., the Ethernet 5-4-3 rule.
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KXJZ's NPR news programming is also available on three high-power repeaters and three low-power translators in California and northern Nevada.
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Being the main broadcasting transmitter, there are also a number of relays (or repeaters) to cover patches where this transmitter can't properly serve.
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B-50 to B-57.Beach. Around the World Submerged, pp. 217–221. On April 2, Tritons gyroscopic repeaters, used to maintain the ship's navigational bearing, began to experience sudden, severe oscillations, possibly caused by a malfunctioning synchro amplifier. The helm was shifted to direct gyro input, the synchro amplifiers were checked out, and the gyroscopic repeaters appeared to return to normal function.
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The North Forest ISD Ninth Grade Center is dedicated to first-time ninth graders. All ninth grade repeaters will attend North Forest High School.
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However, optical amplifiers are being developed for repeaters to amplify the light itself without the need of converting it to an electric signal first.
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Conventional repeaters, also known as in-band or same-band repeaters, retransmit signals within the same frequency band, and they only repeat signals using a particular modulation scheme, predominately FM. Standard repeaters require either the use of two antennas (one each for transmitter and receiver) or a duplexer to isolate the transmit and receive signals over a single antenna. The duplexer is a device which prevents the repeater's high-power transmitter (on the output frequency) from drowning out the users' signal on the repeater receiver (on the input frequency). A diplexer allows two transmitters on different frequencies to use one antenna, and is common in installations where one repeater on 2 m and a second on 440 MHz share one feedline up the tower and one antenna. Most repeaters are remotely controlled through the use of audio tones on a control channel.
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XETV operates two repeaters, on Cerro La Nopalera in TecateRPC: Shadow XETV Cerro La Nopalera, Tecate, BC and Colonia Playas de Tijuana.RPC: Shadow XETV Col. Playas de Tijuana Both repeaters broadcast on channel 23 in areas where the main channel 23 signal from Mount San Antonio provides insufficient or no over-the-air coverage and are co-located with identical transmitters for XHUAA and XEWT.
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After 1960, amateurs adopted the use of FM repeaters which operated in the VHF spectrum. The use of FM repeaters was a huge advancement for storm spotters; spotters could now hear each other regularly. The low noise floor and greatly improved audio quality meant much better signal reception for all stations. By the 1970s, nearly all spotter radio activity consisted of half-duplex FM repeater use.
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This rule, however, does not apply to repeaters. Incidentally, White River Junction is within the fringe area of another Hearst sister station, WMUR-TV. Both WMTW repeaters were sold to New Hampshire Public Television in 2009. W27CP went silent on July 15 after losing the lease on its tower, while W26CQ was shut down by Hearst on September 2 in preparation for the sale.
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This media system allowed multiple half-duplex Ethernet signal repeaters to be linked in series, exceeding the limit on the total number of repeaters that could be used in a given 10 Mbit/s Ethernet system. 10BASE-FB links were attached to synchronous signaling repeater hubs and used to link the hubs together in a half-duplex repeated backbone system that could span longer distances.
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Amateur television (ATV) repeaters are used by amateur radio operators to transmit full motion video. The bands used by ATV repeaters vary by country, but in the US a typical configuration is as a cross-band system with an input on the 33 or 23 cm band and output on 421.25 MHz or, sometimes, 426.25 MHz (within the 70 cm band). These output frequencies happen to be the same as standard cable television channels 57 and 58, meaning that anyone with a cable-ready analog NTSC TV can tune them in without special equipment. There are also digital amateur TV repeaters that retransmit digital video signals.
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Russian CB operators and clubs have installed several simplex repeaters on mountaintops or the roofs of high-rise apartment buildings to increase communication range of low-powered mobile CB radios. Some of these repeaters feature CTCSS/PL tone protection, remote control via DTMF, linking via Internet gateways, simulcasting via several repeaters at once, and cross-band repeat connections to the UHF PMR446 service. Cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg feature motorist emergency services that are directly accessible via a CB frequency monitored by police and other emergency services. Other services provided by cities in Russia include weather broadcasts and travel/traffic information and warnings via specific CB channels.
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A Passport system combines both of these technologies as a network of linked repeaters over a wide area that repeat the signal from several mountaintops simultaneously.
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The Light Radio Network also carries Air 1 programming on WGLY-FM HD2, and repeaters."Air 1 Radio", The Light Radio Network. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
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There are no Intermountain Intertie repeaters east of I-15 on I-70; in this area, the Sinbad Desert Amateur Radio Club Intertie has substantial coverage.
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In August 1978, the CRTC approved an application from the CBC to establish repeaters for the CBC network, likely through CBUVT, at Sooke and Mount Macdonald.
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Same band repeaters operate with input and output frequencies in the same frequency band. For example, in US two-way radio, 30–50 MHz is one band and 150–174 MHz is another. A repeater with an input of 33.980 MHz and an output of 46.140 MHz is a same band repeater. In same band repeaters, a central design problem is keeping the repeater's own transmitter from interfering with the receiver.
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User segments can have users' systems connected to them. Link segments (FOIRL, 10BASE-T, 10BASE-FL, or 10BASE-FB) are used to connect the network's repeaters together. The rule mandates that there can only be a maximum of five segments, connected through four repeaters, or concentrators, and only three of the five segments may be mixing segments. This last requirement applies only to 10BASE5, 10BASE2, and 10BASE-FP Ethernet segments.
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It was constructed in 1988 by a consortium of companies led by AT&T; Corporation, France Télécom, and British Telecom. AT&T; Bell Laboratories developed the technologies used in the cable. The system was made possible by optical amplifiers acting as repeaters with advantages over the electrical repeaters of former cables. They were less costly and could be at greater spacing with less need for associated hardware and software.
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A shunt fault is a type of fault that occurs in submarine communications cables. Many such cables use underwater repeaters or amplifiers to boost signals being passed along the cable. These repeaters or amplifiers are powered from either end of the cable using Power Feed Equipment. This is achieved by applying a voltage to the metallic (usually copper or aluminium) core of the cable that surrounds the optical fiber.
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Repeaters in the form of Double Light Colour Light signals are provided at some locations in the metropolitan area. These "repeaters" are unusual in that they do not replicate the indication of the stop signals to which they apply. Instead, they are wired like separate block signals or Distant signals. For instance, the repeater will be at green over red when the signal to which it applies is at Stop.
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Additional cables were laid between Foilhommerum and Heart's Content in 1873, 1874, 1880, and 1894. By the end of the 19th century, British-, French-, German-, and American-owned cables linked Europe and North America in a sophisticated web of telegraphic communications. The original cables were not fitted with repeaters, which potentially could completely solve the retardation problem and consequently speed up operation. Repeaters amplify the signal periodically along the line.
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With broadcasters themselves, affiliates and repeaters, CNT based network to a program of national scope in recent years working from five strategic poles: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador, Brasilia and Curitiba. Reaches more than 15 million households, equivalent to 50 million viewers, a large part of Brazil (5 stations and 43 repeaters). And during the coming years to improve its fleet and expand its technical signal to all of Brazil.
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A radio repeater retransmits a radio signal. In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction. Some types of repeaters broadcast an identical signal, but alter its method of transmission, for example, on another frequency or baud rate.
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The United States Undersea Cable Corporation was awarded contracts to lay underwater cable in the Pacific. A cable known as "Wet Wash C" was laid in 1966 between Makua, Oahu, Hawaii and the Johnston Island Air Force Base. surveyed the route and laid of cable and 45 repeaters. These cables were manufactured by the Simplex Wire and Cable Company with the repeaters being supplied by Felten and Guilleaume.
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Local cable companies operate in most towns. TV repeaters allow access to Manila broadcast stations. Satellite dish is a common site in rooftops of houses in remote areas.
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120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999) Television is broadcast as digital (DVB-T) only since August 2007. On cable, only digital (DVB-C) will be broadcast from 2008 on.
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WHHN is the seventh of what is a network of repeaters originated by KJMJ which has been on the air since May 2000...the former KLBG and originally KALB (AM). In 2007, Radio Maria USA applied for ten additional frequencies on the FM band; up to that point it was only a six-station network comprising KJMJ (AM) with three repeaters (one AM and two FMs in Louisiana) with one AM in Texas and an FM and AM in Ohio. Audio streaming plays a huge part in its network operations as its repeater network slowly begins to grow. KJMJ with its repeaters and audiostream make up Radio Maria's only English language network.
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There are other CB repeaters located across Sydney and the rest of Australia. CBRS VMG3 at Mt Razorback, south west of Sydney also has excellent coverage VMG3 and VMB4.
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Radio West is an FM radio station based in Western Region, Uganda. It is based in Mbarara with four additional repeaters. The station is owned by the Vision Group.
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CAP owns over 1,000 vehicles (mostly vans for carrying personnel) and assigns them to units for use in the organization's missions. Members who use their own vehicles are reimbursed for fuel, oil and communications costs during a USAF-assigned emergency services mission. Civil Air Patrol Cessna 206 CAP operates a national radio network of HF (SSB) and VHF (FM) radio repeaters. There are over 500 of these repeaters strategically located across the United States.
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Andrew Corporation products included antennas, cables, amplifiers, repeaters, transceivers, as well as software and training for the broadband and cellular industries. It supports customers from 35 countries across Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Americas, with manufacturing plants in 12 countries, employing over 4,500 people. Andrew sales in 1999 exceeded US$791 million. Specific product applications include antennas, cables, amplifiers, repeaters, transceivers, as well as software and training in radio and other wireless communication systems.
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Common practice for 10-meter repeaters is to use a 100 kHz negative offset for repeater operation. Due to the very few available repeater channels, "odd-splits" (offsets differing from 100 kHz) and non- standard frequencies are not uncommon. Since 10 meters can frequently open up to propagate globally, most 10-meter repeaters use a CTCSS sub-audible access tone. 16 kHz-wide signals with 5 kHz deviation is normal in this band.
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The decoder has provisions for 35 separate functions, and is designed to provide a reliable means of controlling the emissions of the repeaters, beacons and other experiments aboard the spacecraft.
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XHUSH-FM is a radio station in Hermosillo, Sonora. It is owned by the Universidad de Sonora and broadcasts from its campus, with three repeaters in Caborca, Navojoa and Santa Ana.
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Wood poles can also be used for low voltage distribution to customers. Poles in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Today, utility poles may hold much more than the uninsulated copper wire that they originally supported. Thicker cables holding many twisted pair, coaxial cable, or even fibre-optic, may be carried. Simple analogue repeaters or other outside plant equipment have long been mounted against poles, and often new digital equipment for multiplexing/demultiplexing or digital repeaters may now be seen.
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A repeater is an electronic device that receives a network signal, cleans it of unnecessary noise and regenerates it. The signal is retransmitted at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. In most twisted pair Ethernet configurations, repeaters are required for cable that runs longer than 100 meters. With fiber optics, repeaters can be tens or even hundreds of kilometers apart.
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Optical fiber is a thin and flexible piece of fiber made of glass or plastic. Unlike copper wire, optical fiber is typically used for long-distance data communications, being that it allows for data transmission over far distances and can produce high transmission speeds. Optical fiber also does not require signal repeaters, which ends up reducing maintenance costs, since signal repeaters are known to fail often. There are two major types of optical fiber in use today.
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A lack of provision for repeaters and failures of the test was cited as a concern. However, it was clarified that the exam will have no cap on the number of attempts.
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By spring 2010, Pappas had shut off both of its repeaters in Valentine (the other, WCWH-LP, had been a KHGI repeater) and by December had returned both licenses to the FCC.
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With those repeaters, you can still use your wall socket while using the repeater. The latest wifi range extenders have an ethernet port to convert your wifi connection into a wired connection.
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Originally marketed as "non-repeated T1", HDSL increased the reach to on an AWG24 local loop. To enable longer HDSL lines, up to four repeaters can be used for a reach of .
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XHCOM received its permit in 1997. The state received the permits for the 7 stations in 2002. The repeaters brand as their locality name and FM (for instance, Tehuacán FM, Acatlán FM).
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Trecevisión is a television station headquartered in Guatemala City, Guatemala,"Guatemala country profile". BBC News, July 3, 2012. with repeaters throughout the country. The network and stations broadcast in the NTSC format.
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However, it has been retained as its transmitter decently covers Miami and Fort Lauderdale, whereas WGEN has to use several repeaters to cover the inner core of the Miami/Fort Lauderdale metro.
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WWYC is a radio station in Toledo, Ohio. It is now a repeater of KAWZ in Twin Falls, Idaho, the originator of a network of repeaters and mostly translators owned by CSN International.
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The Royal Armoury's inventory of 1775 still listed 133 repeating guns, by this time they were already regarded as antiques. A royal bodyguard of Charles X was equipped with Kalthoff repeaters in 1659.
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Their upper-range watches featuring costlier complications, such as tourbillons or minute-repeaters, typically retailed in the thirty-forty thousand (US) dollar range. In 2009 Rodriguez appointed Fausto Salvi as CEO of Perrelet.
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For example, NASA and AMSAT coordinated the release of SuitSat which was an attempt to make a low cost experimental satellite from a discarded Russian spacesuit outfitted with amateur radio equipment. The repeaters on board a satellite may be of any type; the key distinction is that they are in orbit around the Earth, rather than terrestrial in nature. The three most common types of OSCARs are linear transponders, cross-band FM repeaters, and digipeaters (also referred to as pacsats).
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In several countries cross-band repeaters are used, with AM inputs on 430 MHz and FM outputs on , others have FM-ATV inputs on and outputs on . In the United Kingdom, much activity occurs using in-band repeaters. These generally have an input of 1248, 1249 or 1255 MHz and typically output at 1308, 1312 or 1316 MHz, although other frequencies are also used. Simplex operation occurs on these or other frequencies chosen to avoid interference with other users of the band, e.g. .
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In 1984, when KU announced plans to build a network of repeaters for its NPR station, KANU, the initial plan called for repeaters in Pittsburg and Joplin. Wilson supported this plan, but it collapsed for want of funding. Wilson then renewed efforts for Pittsburg State to support a station of its own. After a two-year fundraising effort, Pittsburg State decided to buy KJWR, a small 380-watt educational station in Weir and operated by the Weir Public Broadcasting Foundation since 1984.
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ISA network interface card supporting both coaxial-cable-based 10BASE2 (BNC connector, left) and twisted pair-based 10BASE-T (8P8C connector, right) For signal degradation and timing reasons, coaxial Ethernet segments have a restricted size. Somewhat larger networks can be built by using an Ethernet repeater. Early repeaters had only two ports, allowing, at most, a doubling of network size. Once repeaters with more than two ports became available, it was possible to wire the network in a star topology.
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The Hidden Peak Repeater, on top of the Snowbird Tram, is the primary hub repeater for the Intermountain Intertie. Linked directly to Hidden Peak is Farnsworth Peak, which connects to southern and western Utah. Also connected to Hidden Peak is Malad Pass, a Simplex Carrier Squealch linking Idaho to the Intertie, Medicine Butte in Evanston, Wyoming connecting Wyoming to the Intertie, and Laketown, Utah connecting Bear Lake to the Intertie. Each of the repeaters connecting to Hidden Peak has repeaters connected to them.
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Four major factors favor optical fiber over copper- data rates, distance, installation, and costs. Optical fiber can carry huge amounts of data compared to copper. It can be run for hundreds of miles without the need for signal repeaters, in turn, reducing maintenance costs and improving the reliability of the communication system because repeaters are a common source of network failures. Glass is lighter than copper allowing for less need for specialized heavy-lifting equipment when installing long-distance optical fiber.
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Hudson is the location of two radio station repeaters: CBLS-FM (Sioux Lookout), a repeater of CBQT-FM, CBC Radio One in Thunder Bay, and CKDR-3, a repeater of CKDR-FM in Dryden.
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During the 1950s television became available nationally by the introduction of more transmitters and repeaters in Goes, Roosendaal, Loon op Zand, Mierlo, Roermond, Markelo, Ugchelen, Zwolle, Smilde and the new Gerbrandy Tower in IJsselstein.
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With notes in hand, Wilder co-signed them and took out a loan from his hometown banks. Soon the brigade was armed with the new seven-shot repeaters and began performing spirited mounted service.
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Television is one of the major mass media of Chile. It was introduced in 1957. There are 63 broadcast stations throughout the country (plus 121 repeaters) (1997). The broadcast television system used is NTSC.
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Klein Titlis hosts a significant telecommunications site, used for high capacity point-to-point microwave radio links and VHF/UHF repeaters. Licensed band radio links are regulated by the Swiss Federal Office of Communications.
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There are 22 television stations; two channels are local, and the rest are repeaters from national broadcasters. Five companies provide cable and satellite television. Telmex controls over 75% of the telephone service in the state.
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Many amateurs have found the 33 centimeter band to be ideal for linking repeaters together. Some of the biggest linked repeater systems in the United States use the 33 centimeter band as their link backbone.
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Underwater plant includes all telecommunications equipment located beneath the surface of a body of water. This includes cables and repeaters. The water can range from relatively pure, to brackish, to badly contaminated with industrial effluent.
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Prior to this many publishers focused on publishing name authors every three years or so. Grann recognized that authors could be brands and she focused on creating a list that weighed heavily towards the repeaters. By focusing on the repeaters, Grann stated that a publishing company can "afford to spend a lot more on its authors than on the machinery of publishing." Grann also taught editors about the financial ramifications of day-to-day decisions and gave them free rein as long as they made margins.
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The signal originated from the studios in St. John's and was carried by cable to repeaters in each dorm. The repeaters boosted the signal, then pushed it through the building via the electrical circuitry. While the FM signal had clearer sound than AM, there were periodic problems when construction on campus caused cuts in the cable. As cable repair was not a top priority of the administrations, WWCU and WCUA staff and supporters held "digging parties" to locate and repair breaks in the cable.
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In addition to the main station, KIYU is relayed on 10 full-power FM repeaters to widen its broadcast area. KIYU programming is also simulcast on KRFF in Fairbanks, weekdays from 1:00pm to 4:00pm.
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Frequently DVB-S modulation is used for digital ATV, due to narrow bandwidth needs and high loss tolerances. These DATV repeaters are more prevalent in Europe currently, partially because of the availability of DVB-S equipment.
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TAT-5 was AT&T; Corporation's 5th transatlantic telephone cable, in operation from 1970 to 1993, carrying 720 3kHz channels, between Rhode Island, United States and Conil de la Frontera, (Cádiz), Spain. It had 361 repeaters.
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Comprising churches in the province, also built radio station VOAC in 1933 and changed its name to VOAR in 1938. The station broadcasts in a Christian format across Newfoundland, and other parts of Canada via repeaters.
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Many inhabited areas of Molokai and Lanai are within range of TV stations and repeaters located on facing areas of Oahu and Maui. Likewise, viewers on Niihau are served by transmitters on the west of Kauai.
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Repeaters is a 2010 Canadian thriller film directed by Carl Bessai, written by Arne Olsen, and starring Dustin Milligan, Amanda Crew, and Richard de Klerk as young drug addicts who find themselves stuck in a time loop.
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KBRW (AM)/KBRW-FM radio station broadcasts in Utqiaġvik on 680 kHz AM and 91.9 MHz FM. KBRW is also broadcast via FM repeaters in all of the North Slope Borough villages, from Kaktovik to Point Hope.
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Many remote indigenous communities in central and north eastern Australia had analogue terrestrial repeaters for this channel, which utilised community licences and later open-narrowcasting licences. In October 2006, ICTV was formally incorporated as a public company.
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Richard de Klerk (born March 27, 1984) is a Canadian actor and producer, known for his work in independent Canadian films. His filmography includes Repeaters, Cole, Fathers & Sons, Bang Bang You're Dead, Mr. Rice's Secret and CBGB.
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The French mountaineers did not find the equipment supposedly left in place by the repeaters - Lacedelli and Ghedina - to abseil. He became an obvious choice for the 1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2 led by Ardito Desio.
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Loading cables to meet the Heaviside condition is no longer a common practice. Instead, regularly spaced digital repeaters are now placed in long lines to maintain the desired shape and duration of pulses for long-distance transmission.
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Wired communications make use of underground communications cables (less often, overhead lines), electronic signal amplifiers (repeaters) inserted into connecting cables at specified points, and terminal apparatus of various types, depending on the type of wired communications used.
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In the UK most repeaters also respond to a short burst of 1750 Hz tone to open the repeater. In many communities, a repeater has become a major on-the-air gathering spot for the local amateur radio community, especially during "drive time" (the morning or afternoon commuting time). In the evenings local public service nets may be heard on these systems and many repeaters are used by weather spotters. In an emergency or a disaster a repeater can sometimes help to provide needed communications between areas that could not otherwise communicate.
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Repeaters may also be connected over the Internet using voice over IP (VoIP) techniques. VoIP links are a convenient way to connecting distant repeaters that would otherwise be unreachable by VHF/UHF radio propagation. Popular VoIP amateur radio network protocols include D-STAR, Echolink, IRLP, WIRES and eQSO. Digital Mobile Radio (DMR), D-STAR, Fusion, P25 and NXDN all have a codec in the user radio and along with the encoded audio, also send and receive user number and destination information so one can talk to another specific user or a Talk Group.
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When the suggestion was put forward to install a new repeater in Newcastle it was deemed impossible and the idea was criticized by many Radio Communications Industry professionals. At this time Newcastle already had 3 repeaters which was regarded sufficient for a region of this size. As time went on, increased traffic on the existing repeaters often caused conflict and the need for an additional repeater was apparent. Also, Channel 6 was not providing sufficient coverage to certain areas due to its northerly location on the Sugarloaf Range.
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Television broadcast stations: 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (2002) Television Licences: 7,452 (2002) Requirement abolished (2007). GBC Television is operated by the Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) is transmitted on VHF Channel 12 with UHF repeaters on 56 and 53. Until 1999, GBC retransmitted BBC Prime, but was relaunched as a community-based service focusing on local news and other items of local interest. GBC programming starts at around 19:30 and finishes before midnight with the most popular programme being the local news bulletin, News Watch at 20:30.
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An alternate configuration rule known as the Ethernet way allows 2 repeaters on the single network and does not allow any hosts on the connection between repeaters.IEEE 802.3 13.4 Transmission System Model 2 The rules were created when 10BASE5, 10BASE2 and FOIRL were the only types of Ethernet network available. The rules only apply to shared-access 10 Mbit/s Ethernet segments connected by repeaters or repeater hubs (collisions domains) and FOIRL links. The rules do not apply to switched Ethernet because each port on a switch constitutes a separate collision domain.
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Due to the high data rates that can be achieved with optical systems, OEO repeaters are expensive to implement as electronics to handle those high data rates are expensive and difficult to construct. Also, since one repeater is required for each wavelength, and many tens of wavelengths may be transmitted down a single fibre, a lot of equipment is required for each fibre. Electrical repeaters are also limited in bandwidth and modulation format. In contrast, an optical amplifier can amplify all of the wavelengths in a single device and works for all modulation formats.
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The local radio station is CKHL-FM 102.1, part of the YL Country network of stations based at CKYL in Peace River. In addition, two radio services have repeaters: CBXL 99.5 FM, carrying CBC Radio One as a repeater of CBX Edmonton, and CFKX-FM 106.1, repeating CKKX-FM from Peace River. The local newspaper is The Echo. Television is available by way of locally owned low-powered analogue repeaters of CITV-DT Edmonton (CH2807 channel 10) and CHAN-DT Vancouver (CH2808 channel 12), both owned by the High Level Community Hall Society.
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Wide-coverage Internet Repeater Enhancement System (WIRES) is a de facto standard created by Yaesu designed to link compatible amateur radio repeaters over Voice over IP, allowing any home stations using those repeaters to communicate with each other over VoIP. WIRES uses DTMF signaling to make a connection over the Internet from a repeater or home station to another WIRES- equipped station that is accessible over the Internet. No proprietary tones or connection formats are used, so any manufacturer's radio (equipped with a DTMF encoding keypad) may be used to bring up the Internet link.
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Telecommunications service providers include Telus and Shaw, with most wireless carriers providing coverage. The Island is served by the Ganges and Fulford Harbour exchanges. Active Radio Amateurs maintain wireless repeaters located on Mt Bruce. 2 meter band (147.320 MHz).
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NEX is a private Panamanian broadcaster based in Panama City. It broadcasts in Panama City on analog UHF channel 21 and channel 49 in DVB-T, with several repeaters across Panama. It is owned by Compañía Digital de TV.
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THROUGH THE GOLDEN AGE – Charles Gretton – Watch and Clockmaking. pp. 419, 443–447. Gretton produced timepieces, clock watches, alarm watches, several forms of repeating watches (i.e., which contained repeaters), and polychrome decorated watches with enamel dials and porcelain boxes.
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These hold the electric block repeaters that maintain communication with the main control frame in the stationmaster's office, from which route orders for trains are despatched. The stationmaster's and the signalmen's apparatus is interlocked to ensure that mistakes cannot occur.
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Power FM (ACMA call sign: 5EZY) is a contemporary hit radio-formatted commercial radio station based in Murray Bridge, South Australia. Broadcasting on 98.7FM, the station has repeaters at Victor Harbor on 99.7FM and in the Adelaide Hills on 100.3FM.
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The broadcast tower is located on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park. The studios and offices are located on Chebucto Road in Halifax. The station also serves as the Première outlet for the Island of Newfoundland, by way of two repeaters.
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On August 16, 2011, the CRTC granted the CBC permission to continue operating 22 repeaters in mandatory markets, including CBKFT-1, in analogue until August 31, 2012, by which time the transmitter had to convert to digital or shut down.
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XHUAEM-FM, known as Radio UAEM, is a radio station serving Cuernavaca, Morelos. It is owned by the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos and has statewide coverage with repeaters installed at the UAEM preparatory schools in Jojutla and Cuautla.
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The 5-4-3 rule, also referred to as the IEEE way, is a design guideline for Ethernet computer networks covering the number of repeaters and segments on shared-access Ethernet backbones in a tree topology. It means that in a collision domain there should be at most 5 segments tied together with 4 repeaters, with up to 3 mixing segments (10BASE5, 10BASE2, or 10BASE-FP). Link segments can be 10BASE-T, 10BASE-FL or 10BASE-FB. This rule is also designated the 5-4-3-2-1 rule with there being two link segments (without senders) and one collision domain.
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Most controllers also decode Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System tones, which allows the repeater to activate only if the station is sending a particular pre-programmed code, preventing unauthorized stations from using the repeater. Additionally, as repeaters are placed on high locations it also prevents distant stations on the same frequency from interfering. A Morse code or a synthesized voice module may produce station ID to comply with station identification regulations; this is most common on amateur radio repeaters, some LMR stations must also identify to be legal in some areas. Along with the repeater units, most stations utilize duplexers.
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These co-channel issues with Emley meant that its output was attenuated to the North. The transmitter is vertically polarised as are most relays/repeaters. The altitude of the transmitting aerials is 231 metres, the actual tower being around in height and of a similar design to many of the repeaters around the UK. In the early 2000s, an extra smaller tower was added at the side of the larger tower possibly for mobile phone use. Digital radio is broadcast from this site and it is just possible to receive digital radio in Chesterfield from other transmitters, specifically Tapton Hill in Sheffield.
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In 1986, he found the first optical counterpart of binary pulsars, while he was a Millikan Fellow at California Institute of Technology. He was instrumental in discovery of the first globular cluster pulsar in 1987 using a supercomputer. With Dale Frail at NRAO and Toshio Murakami and his colleagues at ISAS (predecessor of JAXA that was led by Yasuo Tanaka at that time) Kulkarni showed that soft gamma-ray repeaters are neutron stars associated with supernova remnants. This discovery eventually led to the understanding that neutron stars with extremely high magnetic field called magnetars are the soft gamma-ray repeaters.
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Wilkins Peak also has repeater towers for local police, fire, and EMS services. The emergency radio repeaters on the mountain are used in conjunction with other repeaters located on nearby Aspen Mountain and Mansface Hill. In September 2003, a commercial truck delivering propane to customers on the peak knocked down the then- existent KUWZ tower after the vehicle's brakes failed. The collapse of the tower knocked out power to the mountain for several hours, and while KUWZ borrowed space from neighboring towers for several months thereafter, the station ultimately relocated its transmitter to nearby Aspen Mountain.
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The FCC has defined two types of repeaters: # Wide-band (or broadband) signal boosters are usually repeaters that amplify all frequencies from cell phone carriers. Because interferences can be generated from such boosters, the manufacturers who apply to the FCC must limit their gain (among other things), to 65 dB (for the low LTE 700MHz bands) to 72 dB (for higher frequencies such as AWS). By limiting the system gain, such boosters are only useful when the outdoor signal is relatively high, and need a complex outdoor installation of specific antennas. # Carrier specific (or provider specific) signal boosters.
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According to the defining IEEE 802.3 standards for Ethernet, a network segment is an electrical connection between networked devices using a shared medium. In the original 10BASE5 and 10BASE2 Ethernet varieties, a segment would therefore correspond to a single coax cable and all devices tapped into it. At this point in the evolution of Ethernet, multiple network segments could be connected with repeaters (in accordance with the 5-4-3 rule for 10 Mbit Ethernet) to form a larger collision domain. With twisted-pair Ethernet, electrical segments can be joined together using repeaters or repeater hubs as can other varieties of Ethernet.
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DS1 signals are interconnected typically at Central Office locations at a common metallic cross-connect point known as a DSX-1. When a DS1 is transported over metallic outside plant cable, the signal travels over conditioned cable pairs known as a T1 span. A T1 span can have up to +-130 Volts of DC power superimposed on the associated four wire cable pairs to line or "Span" power line repeaters, and T1 NIU's (T1 Smartjacks). T1 span repeaters are typically engineered up to apart, depending on cable gauge, and at no more than 36 dB of loss before requiring a repeated span.
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Wiring diagram of a single transformer hybridFor use in 2-wire repeaters, the single transformer version suffices, since amplifiers in the repeaters have grounded inputs and outputs. X, Y, and Z share a common ground. As shown at left, signal into W, the 2-wire port, will appear at X and Z. But since Y is bridged from center of coil to center of X and Z, no signal appears. Signal into X will appear at W and Y. But signal at Z is the difference of what appears at Y and, through the transformer coil, at W, which is zero.
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The Model 69 was retired without a direct replacement; all other mid-priced .22 bolt-action repeaters had already been dropped from the Winchester lineup, leaving the Model 52 standing alone in the catalog until the introduction of the Model 131 in 1967.
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KUER-FM operates one of the largest translator networks of any NPR station in the country, consisting of 35 low- power repeaters. Of these, translator K283BS Manti is one of the few translators broadcasting in HD, airing the main station's two HD feeds.
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Yellowknife is served by CIVR-FM 103.5, a community radio station; and VF2136 97.3 FM, a local Ici Radio-Canada Première repeater owned by L'Association Franco-Culturelle de Yellowknife. Ici Radio-Canada Télé broadcasts in Yellowknife and Hay River through locally owned repeaters.
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These services commenced in July 2009 using channels within the Band III TV band. A significant deployment of digital on-channel repeaters has been effected in recent years to in-fill coverage gaps both within and at the periphery of their coverage areas.
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The first-generation LHS, sold in Europe with the New Yorker nameplate during the 1995–1997 model years, featured rear amber turn signals, rear fog lights, side turn signal repeaters, lack of side markers, and headlamps that incorporated different lens geometry and bulbs.
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Sirius XM announced on January 17, 2011 that it would place repeaters in those states and adjust three of its satellites to cover those areas. The move gave Sirius XM coverage in all 50 states. On January 12, 2011, XM Satellite Radio, Inc.
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A set of large fans located in the two portal operations buildings would then force smoke out through a set of ventilation shafts. The tunnel also has repeaters for cell phone and FM radio service; WSDOT can override the latter for emergency broadcasts.
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The channel installed three repeaters in Limón, Santa Elena and Cerro de la Muerte. In 1994, Channel 23 opened its first studio. Later on August 2 of that year Channel 23 began transmitting vía satellite during TBN’s flagship program Praise the Lord.
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There is no local TV broadcasting station. However, the island has three FM radio channels, out of which two operate via repeaters. The island has a fully integrated access telephone system and with capability for direct dial on fixed and wireless systems.
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Converters between RS-485 and RS-232 are available to allow a personal computer to communicate with remote devices. By using repeaters very large RS-485 networks can be formed. TSB-89A, Application Guidelines for TIA/EIA-485-A does not recommend using star topology.
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There are thirty-six AM radio stations and sixteen FM stations. There are thirty-seven local television stations and sixty-six repeaters. Newspapers of Chiapas include: Chiapas Hoy, Cuarto Poder , El Heraldo de Chiapas, El Orbe, La Voz del Sureste, and Noticias de Chiapas.
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Renting two-way radios has brought comfort to customers in renting two-way radios because the price and non commitment to owning such two-way communication devices. Customers can rent anything from two-way radios to two-way radio equipment like speaker microphones or repeaters.
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The repeaters transmit in the same frequency band as the satellites. A typical city contains 20 or more terrestrial stations. Typically, the receiver owner is unaware when a terrestrial station is being used, unless he or she checks antenna information from the receiver being used.
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This comprised minor restyling to the front and rear, a comprehensively updated interior, improved suspension, revised trim and more features. Front turn signals were relocated from the headlamps to the bumper, with side repeaters added to the wrap-around sections of the front bumper.
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Although most falling-blocks were single-shot actions, some early repeaters used this design, notably the Norwegian Krag–Petersson and the U. S. Spencer rifle. The former loaded from a Henry-style underbarrel magazine; the latter fed from a tubular magazine in the buttstock.
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' is a client–server software program designed by amateur radio enthusiasts for linking amateur radio frequency gateways and repeaters via the internet by using a Voice over IP protocol. It is developed for licence free radios like Citizens Band, PMR446 and Family Radio Service.
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9 – Ethernet Hardware Addresses, p. 29, explains the filtering. Despite the evolution of Ethernet technology, all generations of Ethernet (excluding early experimental versions) use the same frame formats. Mixed-speed networks can be built using Ethernet switches and repeaters supporting the desired Ethernet variants.
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Since the launch of Speake-Marin, the Speake-Marin collection has grown from time-only wristwatches to include models with a single hand; date; jumping hours; perpetual calendars; tourbillons and minute repeaters; while featuring fired- enamel; semi-skeletonised; hand-engraved; and multi-level dials.
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1.5 Collision detect thresholds On all other media, a carrier sensed on the receive channel while transmitting triggers a collision event.IEEE 802.3 14.2.1.4 Collision Presence function requirements (half duplex mode only) Repeaters or hubs detect collisions on their own and propagate jam signals.IEEE 802.3 9.5.
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Use of the term has continued in telephony and data communications. In computer networking, because repeaters work with the actual physical signal, and do not attempt to interpret the data being transmitted, they operate on the physical layer, the first layer of the OSI model.
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Western Electric Company was responsible for the main range but Underseas Cable Corporation was to lay cable connecting Grand Turk to Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico with of cable with nineteen repeaters and a second stage of cable with twenty-one repeaters connecting Ramey with Coolidge Air Force Base, Antigua. Omega laid all the shore ends of these segments. Omega laid the shore ends of the Air Force Vietnam Coastal Network system in 1967 at Da Nang, Qui Nhon, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh Bay, Vung Tau, in Vietnam and then at Ban Sattahip, Thailand. In 1971 the ship was sold to International Marine Operations Inc.
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This station was assigned call sign KVOY on February 13, 2014. The station, originally owned by Real Community Radio, was sold to the Chickasaw Nation, owner of KCNP in Ada and its two dependent repeaters, for $14,000 in 2020. The sale was consummated on May 25, 2020.
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Apart from any physical transmission media, networks are built from additional basic system building blocks, such as network interface controllers (NICs), repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, modems, and firewalls. Any particular piece of equipment will frequently contain multiple building blocks and so may perform multiple functions.
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An Ethernet repeater with multiple ports is known as an Ethernet hub. In addition to reconditioning and distributing network signals, a repeater hub assists with collision detection and fault isolation for the network. Hubs and repeaters in LANs have been largely obsoleted by modern network switches.
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Amongst other small changes, (optionally body coloured) wrap-around bumpers with the indicator repeaters attached to them were fitted. The taillights were also redesigned. Instrumentation changed from Smiths units to VDO. The older Volvo redblock engines in the 360 were upgraded to the low friction B200 unit.
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While the actual DVB-S standard only specifies physical link characteristics and framing, the overlaid transport stream delivered by DVB-S is mandated as MPEG-2, known as MPEG transport stream (MPEG-TS). Some amateur television repeaters also use this mode in the 1.2 GHz amateur band.
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Sistema Nacional de Televisión (National Television System), sometimes simply known as SNT, is a Paraguayan television network which reaches almost the entire population of Paraguay. SNT coverage almost all the Región Oriental, where approximately 97% of the population of Paraguay lives. Currently it has 11 repeaters.
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Bantay Radyo (or El Nuevo Bantay Radyo, "The New Guardian Radio") is a Philippine radio network in the Visayas and Mindanao region owned by Sarraga Integrated and Management Corporation. Its main headquarters are located in Brgy. Capitol Site, Cebu City, with repeaters located in Bogo and Guihulngan.
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These switches need to preserve quantum coherence, which makes them more challenging to realize than standard optical switches. Finally, one requires a quantum repeater to transport qubits over long distances. Repeaters appear in-between end nodes. Since qubits cannot be copied, classical signal amplification is not possible.
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Details of the outside plant including wire gauge, the presence of bridge taps, repeaters, load coils, or other devices that augment the voiceband telephone signal can affect DSL service availability and quality. In areas where FiOS is offered, DSL service is no longer available to new customers.
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The repeaters have an autopatch function which allows users to make local telephone calls in the Humboldt Bay region. The autopatch also allows users a direct link to the 9-1-1 operator for emergency messages. FWRA members are given a code to access the autopatch.
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Canal 12 is a nationwide terrestrial television channel in Nicaragua owned by Nicavisión, S.A., a company of the Valle Peters family. It broadcasts from a main transmitter atop Las Nubes, a major broadcast television site for the Managua area, and from repeaters at Estelí, Matagalpa and Jinotega.
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Magnetars, the most widely accepted explanation for soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), are often characterized as being radio-quiet. However, magnetars can produce radio emissions, but the radio spectrums tend to be flat, with only intermittent broad pulses of variable length.
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Cellular repeaters often make use of external directional antennas to give a far greater signal than can be obtained on a standard cell phone. Satellite television receivers usually use parabolic antennas. For long and medium wavelength frequencies, tower arrays are used in most cases as directional antennas.
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On August 16, 2011, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) granted the CBC permission to continue operating 22 repeaters in mandatory markets, including CBRT-6, in analog until August 31, 2012, at which point the transmitter had to be converted to digital or shut down.
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Transmission is primary by fiberoptic or coax cable network (DVB-C) or copper telephone line (xDSL). Terrestrial transmission (DVB-T) also exists. In terms of television, there were 25 broadcast stations in 1997, and a further 10 repeaters. This digital terrestrial network is owned by Norking Belgium.
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FETV is a television network that broadcasts on channel 5 in Panama City, and is headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country. The network and stations broadcast in the NTSC format. The network takes its name from the Television Education Foundation (FETV), its owner.
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This is a list of broadcast television stations serving cities in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Each of the three municipal counties — Honolulu County, Maui County and Hawaii County — has its own set of stations. Kauai County has repeaters which broadcast Honolulu's stations through its islands.
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These latter could be thousands of miles long and the arriving signal was consequently small.Bright, in Trotter, p. 517 On land, repeaters in the line would be used to regenerate the signal, but these were not available for submarine cables until the middle of the 20th century.Huurdeman, p.
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A decoder is required in order to receive the services as well as a monthly fee. Repeaters have been set up across the country that enables more than 77% of the population to receive these services. The multiplex channels (Nova Sports 2–7) are available only through Nova.
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The "address locality" of Maddens Plains is defined as a suburb of the City of Wollongong, "about 1 km N of Scarborough and about 7 km E of Southend [trig] Station". At the , it had no population. There is a group of telecommunications antennae, including amateur radio repeaters.
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The main payload is amateur radio FM mode V/U voice repeater. It operates on 145.950 MHz uplink (PL 67 Hz CTCSS) and 435.180 MHz downlink. The FM repeater subsystem identifies itself with callsign LY5N. The first filter of repeaters receiver is 15 kHz wide, second is 12 kHz.
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Since then, CBIT was CBHT's full-time repeater station in that market. As part of the CBC's transition to digital transmission, CBIT was shut down on July 31, 2012 — along with the rest of CBHT's repeaters — resulting in CBC television abandoning over-the-air service in those markets.
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It is now in a museum in Le Locle. Minute repeaters, complicated watches and pocket chronometers carried the reputation of the company. Rolf Schnyder and Ludwig Oechslin At that time, famous horologists were French and English. Ulysse Nardin went to London to challenge the best pocket chronometers makers.
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Afterward, a network of repeaters were established. Father Duane Stenzel O.F.M. served as its first national program director, Mass celebrant, teacher and on-air personality from its 2000 inception until his death on January 18, 2011."Father Duane Stenzel dead at 83", Radio & Television Business Report. January 19, 2011.
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Major problems have hindered the development of Chadian education since independence. Financing has been very limited. Limited facilities and personnel also have made it difficult for the education system to provide adequate instruction. Overcrowding is a major problem; some classes have up 100 students, many of whom are repeaters.
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The National Interagency Fire Center hosts the National Interagency Coordination Center (NICC). NICC's primary responsibility is positioning and managing national resources (i.e. Hotshot Crews, smokejumpers, air tankers, incident management teams, National Caterers, mobile shower units, and command repeaters). NICC also serves as clearing house for the dispatch ordering system.
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The Henry rifle used a .44 caliber cartridge with of black powder. This gave it significantly lower muzzle velocity and energy than other repeaters of the era, such as the Spencer. The lever action, on the down-stroke, ejected the spent cartridge from the chamber and cocked the hammer.
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The wireless signal strength of the standard residential wireless router may not be powerful enough to cover the entire house or may not be able to get through to all floors of multiple floor residences. In such situations, the installation of one or more wireless repeaters may be necessary.
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The call letters were changed to KLGU on June 11, 2020, coincident with the consummation of the sale, and the station began broadcasting K-Love, which had previously aired on the translator. Public radio service continued to St. George through repeaters for KUER-FM and Utah Public Radio.
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Central Queensland's Triple M is a commercial radio station broadcasting from Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. It is currently owned by Southern Cross Austereo & broadcasts an Adult Contemporary (AC) format. It features both locally produced content & nationally syndicated content. They have two repeaters, one at Gladstone (95.1FM) & Mount Murchison (101.1FM).
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Over-the-air television service is provided mostly by low-powered repeaters of the Phoenix stations.Faber, Daniel M. "Television and FM Translators: A History of Their Use and Regulation ." 1993. danielfaber.com. Retrieved on April 11, 2007 There is one local broadcast television station serving the city, KFPH-13 (TeleFutura).
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From 1962 to 1976, Hydro-Québec broadcast CKBL/CBGAT's signal on its own repeaters. Radio-Canada purchased the station on November 10, 1971, and the station received its current callsign sometime in 1972. Radio-Canada moved CBGAT's signal from channel 9 to channel 6 on November 29, 1978.
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An amateur radio repeater system consisting of a 70cm repeater and a 2-meter digipeater and iGate. Coaxial cavity RF filter at 2 meter repeater An amateur radio repeater is an electronic device that receives a weak or low-level amateur radio signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. Many repeaters are located on hilltops or on tall buildings as the higher location increases their coverage area, sometimes referred to as the radio horizon, or "footprint". Amateur radio repeaters are similar in concept to those used by public safety entities (police, fire department, etc.), businesses, government, military, and more.
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SGR 0525−66 (also known as PSR B0525−66) is a soft gamma repeater (SGR), located in the Super-Nova Remnant (SNR) 0525−66.1, otherwise known as N49, in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was the first soft gamma repeater discovered, and as of 2015, the only known located outside our galaxy. First detected in March 1979,On the persistent X-ray emission from the soft gamma-ray repeaters it was located by using the measurement of the arrival time differences of the signal by the set of artificial satellites equipped with gamma ray detectors. The association with N49 can only be indirect: it seems clear that soft gamma repeaters form in young stellar clusters.
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CBM once operated a large network of repeaters across the eastern two-thirds of Quebec. However, most of those repeaters were transferred to the license of CBVE-FM in Quebec City when it became a separate station in 1994. Because of deficiencies with the main FM signal which did not exist when the station was on AM, CBME-FM added FM rebroadcasting transmitters with directional antennas in the western part of Montreal (98 watts, from the corner of Cavendish and Sherbrooke Streets in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce) and in Cowansville (2,700 watts). The call sign CBME was formerly used for a low-power AM repeater in La Tuque which changed to CBVE-1.
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With the introduction of UHF CB radios in 1977, many operators used both UHF and HF radios and formed groups to own and operate local FM repeaters. Members of the CBTCC formed what became known as Australian Citizens Radio Movement (ACRM) in the early 1970s; this organization became the voice for legalization of CB radio throughout Australia. After peaking in the 1970s and early 1980s, the use of 27 MHz CB in Australia has fallen dramatically due to the introduction of 477 MHz UHF CB (with FM and repeaters) and the proliferation of cheap, compact handheld UHF transceivers. Technology such as mobile telephones and the internet have provided people with other choices for communications.
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TVB Pearl is broadcast through UHF from its six main transmission stations at Temple Hill, Golden Hill, Castle Peak, Kowloon Peak, Tai Mo Shan, and Lamma Island, and two repeaters at Tsuen Wan and Tsing Yi. The Tsuen Wan repeater started service on 22 August 2003, and the Tsing Yi repeater started on 18 September 2003. The repeaters were built to enhance reception of TVB Pearl. TVB Pearl is carried in mainland China by Southern Television (南方电视台) in Guangdong and in Guangzhou by Guangzhou Television (广州电视台). Due to censorship policies, some programmes carried by the channel have been censored and substituted with different programmes.
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Use of additional pairs requires new equipment to be installed in Harstad and Hotellneset. Segment 2 is redundant to Segment 1 and is only used if the former should fall out. Near shore the cables are armored. On the main section, each segment is equipped with twenty optical communications repeaters.
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Both repeaters cover the entire Sydney basin. They are operated by the Sydney Amateur Television Group and may be activated and used at any time from the control channels. UHF TV Channel 35 was used until July 2001 when the Australian Communications and Media Authority reassigned the channel for digital television.
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That year he also made a repeating flintlock, which was given to the Danish Prince Frederik. The weapon was constructed in Flensburg, and was the first flintlock weapon to be made in Germany. Most repeaters made by Peter use a smooth, rounded trigger guard held in place by a rear trigger.
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This work grew out of an earlier survey by Foster while collaborating with George Campbell in 1920 on 4-port telephone repeaters and produced 83,539 distinct graphs.Foster, p.309 Foster and Campbell, p.232 For a long time topology in electrical circuit theory remained concerned only with linear passive networks.
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FLTSATCOM Satellite FLTSATCOM (also FLTSAT) was a satellite communication system of the U.S. Navy which was used for UHF radio communications between ships, submarines, airplanes and ground stations of the Navy. Most of the transponders on these satellites were simple repeaters with no authentication or control over what they retransmitted.
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Inside the tunnels of the first two high-speed lines, repeaters were installed at a distance of 1500 meters that communicated with the trains using leaky feeders. Between the tunnels, directional antennas were used. Inside the trains, antennas were installed in the service cars. Calls cost 0.7 DM per time unit.
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The rack and snail striking mechanism used in repeaters is described in detail in the striking clock article. Repeater clocks often had a cord with a button on the end protruding from the side of the clock. Pulling the cord actuated the repeater mechanism. This was called a pull repeater.
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Telesistema is a television station in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, broadcasting on Channel 3 and Channel 7 in NTSC. The station has repeaters in La Ceiba and Puerto Cortés, also on channel 7. This channel has programs of news, entertainment, series, sports and movies. At night HRCV-TV has series and movies.
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DWYO2019 NTC FM Stations (103.1 FM), broadcasting as 103.1 Brigada News FM, is a radio station owned and operated by Brigada Mass Media Corporation. Its studios and transmitter are located at the 2/F, T. Olorga Bldg. Rizal Ave., Puerto Princesa City, with repeaters located in various places in Palawan.
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A tree topology (a.k.a. hierarchical topology) can be viewed as a collection of star networks arranged in a hierarchy. This tree has individual peripheral nodes (e.g. leaves) which are required to transmit to and receive from one other node only and are not required to act as repeaters or regenerators.
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Overcrowding is a major problem; some classes have up 100 students, many of whom are repeaters. In the years just after independence, many primary-school teachers had only marginal qualifications. On the secondary level, the situation was even worse. In 2004, 39.6 percent of children ages 5 to 14 years were attending school.
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At each intermediate station the sound is renewed using electrical repeaters incorporating Davy's relay.John Joseph Fahie, A History of Wireless Telegraphy, pp. 6-8, Cambridge University Press, 2011 (reprint from 1901). Davy's marriage broke down shortly after the Regent's Park demonstration and he found himself in litigation with his wife and her creditors.
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The signals are unscrambled by the radio receiver modules, which display the broadcast information. In urban areas, ground repeaters enable signals to be available even if the satellite signal is blocked. The technology allows for nationwide broadcasting, so that, for instance US listeners can hear the same stations anywhere in the country.
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3.2 "Preamble" As the frame propagated through each repeater the preamble would get shorter and shorter. Too many bits lost meant that an end node may not have enough preamble bits to lock on and the entire frame would be missed. Various repeaters (hubs) may use slightly different implementations and operate differently.
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FIT was the only group to protest a proposal removing the FCC's rule against high-powered mobile repeaters in the Industrial/Business Pool frequencies below 450 MHz in 2010, citing concerns that without the rule, licensees might engage in a "power war", creating interference. The FCC understood, but did not share, FIT's concern.
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As ZDF is a channel, not a network, the channel is broadcast throughout Germany, with no regional variations or affiliates, using a number of signal repeaters. ZDF transmitters broadcast a digital signal. Analog signals were gradually phased out, a process which lasted from 2002 to 2008. ZDF does not run any transmitters itself.
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By this time, Howe's formation was strung out in an organised line parallel to the French, with frigates acting as repeaters for the admiral's commands.Jane, p. 95 The French were likewise in line ahead and the two lines began exchanging long-range gunfire at 09:24, whereupon Howe unleashed his innovative battleplan.James, p.
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WOSU (89.7 FM) — branded 89.7fm NPR News — is a National Public Radio news and talk radio station licensed to Columbus, Ohio and serving the Columbus metro area. It is owned by The Ohio State University. The station has multiple repeaters throughout the U.S. state of Ohio, making the station a multiple transmitter station.
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Real Roots Radio is also heard on: AM repeaters WKFI 1090 in Wilmington, Ohio serving southwestern Ohio, metropolitan Cincinnati and portions of Northern Kentucky. WEDI 1130 in Eaton, Ohio serving Preble, western Montgomery and surrounding counties in Western Ohio and Eastern Indiana. FM translator W262BG 100.3 in Xenia serving Xenia and nearby communities.
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WMPH 91.7 and WMHS 88.1 in Wilmington simulcasts WDDE's programming on weekday mornings and afternoons. The station is working to build additional repeaters in the rest of the state. Although WDDE has a collaborative partnership with both Delaware State University and the University of Delaware, it is run independently from both institutions.
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KYCC 90.1 FM, KCJH 89.1 FM, and KYCM 89.9 FM are radio stations broadcasting a Christian music format. Licensed respectively to Stockton, California, Livingston, California, and Alamogordo, New Mexico the stations are currently owned by Your Christian Companion Network, Inc. The station also has several satellites and repeaters throughout the western US.
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The Sirius receiver includes the antenna module and the receiver module. The antenna module picks up signals from the ground repeaters or the satellite, amplifies the signal and filters out any interference. The signal is then passed on to the receiver module. Inside the receiver module is a chipset consisting of eight chips.
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Also, the occurrence of repeaters have increased. The students feel as if the waking world and the dreaming world are beginning to interweave. Concerned, Professor Burns decides to bring the experiment to a conclusion. Before the matter can be discussed further, the students find out the next day that Burns has died.
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Winchester rifle is a comprehensive term describing a series of lever-action repeating rifles manufactured by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. Developed from the 1860 Henry rifle, Winchester rifles were among the earliest repeaters. The Model 1873 was particularly successful, being marketed by the manufacturer as "The Gun That Won the West".
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WNIE followed in 1999. Listeners in the latter three stations' coverage areas had only gotten spotty coverage from WNIU or WNIJ, depending on the location. Originally, the three repeaters simulcast WNIJ during the day and WNIU at night, but problems with switching equipment forced them to simulcast WNIJ 24 hours a day.
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Mixx FM 101.3 is a commercial radio station broadcasting from Horsham, Victoria, Australia. It is currently owned by Ace Radio & broadcasts A Contemporary Hits Radio (CHR) format. It features both locally produced content & nationally syndicated content from both NOVA Entertainment & Grant Broadcasters. They have two repeaters, one at Nhill (94.5FM), & Ararat (98.5FM).
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15–21 but is still sparse in the open scientific literature. For one of the K Project tests, Soviet scientists instrumented a section of telephone line in the area that they expected to be affected by the pulse. The monitored telephone line was divided into sub-lines of in length, separated by repeaters.
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Ridgecrest is served by two newspapers, The Daily Independent and the News Review, as well as a mixture of local broadcast stations and repeaters from radio and TV stations based in Los Angeles and Bakersfield. The repeaters are operated by the IWV TV Booster. Radio stations in the area include KRSF 89.3 a Christian radio format with Radio 74; KZFX 93.7 a classic rock format with ABC and California news and weather; KSSI (FM) 102.7, broadcasting rock music, local news and weather; KLOA (AM) 1240, broadcasting CBS Sports Radio; KZIQ 92.7, featuring adult contemporary music; KRAJ The Heat 100.9 FM, featuring a hip-hop format; and K296AI the 107.1, with KCNV classical music feed. KRCK-1360, "Ridgecrest Radio", went off the air in the 1970s.
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SK7MQ or also known as SK7RNQ B, is a complementary UHF repeater to the SK7RNQ C repeater which is transmitting on the 2m radio band. SK7MQ had its first launch in July 2010, and was on 25 September 2010 that the gateway was connected to the US Trust Server network, making it possible to establish worldwide connections between other D-STAR gateway enabled repeaters through TCP/IP. The first transatlantic D-STAR QSO on SK7MQ were made between SA7BOS and KC5NID at September 27, 2010 via Reflector 001-C, also known as the "D-STAR Mega Repeater". As of 2011, Repeatergruppen SK7RNQ is the fastest deploying D-STAR group within Sweden, currently owning and maintaining two RP2C controlled D-STAR repeaters and one experimental GMSK HotSpot.
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She opened fire and succeeded in splashing the first two attackers. The third plane pressed home his combination strafing run-suicide attack and, though hit several times, managed to crash into Walkes bridge on the port side and burst into flames. The destroyer lost all communications, radars, gyro repeaters, and electricity throughout the superstructure.
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The 1995 addition of the 93.7 frequency in Kokomo, Indiana began the building of a network of stations and repeaters that continued through 2008, greatly increasing the station's coverage across northern Indiana and southern Michigan. Most of this growth occurred since May 2003 with the assistance of a group called Friends of Christian Radio.
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His technology development responsibility included design of low cost satellite receiving terminals for automobiles and of broadcast sound programming, earth station, terrestrial repeaters and satellite control facilities. During 2000, Briskman launched three Sirius satellites into a unique operational orbital constellation which he designed. The mobile subscriber radios use his patented space and time diversity technology.
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There is no known website for KPBI-CA. KFDF, the original MNTV affiliate, joined the Retro Television Network. KPBI-CA signed off March 28, 2008, after losing its transmitter site. Two of the station's repeaters, KJBW-CA in Springdale and KRBF-CA in Hindsville, also lost their sites, and left the air two days earlier.
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The cable was manufactured by Standard Telephones and Cables. It runs between Broadstairs in the UK and Oostende in Belgium, and has a total length of . The cable had 3 repeaters and had 3 pairs of optic fibres, each operating at 280 Mbit/s giving a total capacity of 11,520 x 64kbit/s circuits.
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RPC-TV is a television network, and is headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country. The station broadcasts in NTSC format and in Panama City also in DVB-T format. RPC is the oldest commercial TV station in Panama, airing imported shows, programming for kids, and local and international sporting events.
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Eight radio stations broadcast from the city, including KVOP, among the oldest in the region. KVOP's call sign originally meant "Voice of Plainview". The city is within the Lubbock television market. Due to the terrain, television stations based in Amarillo can be received over-the-air, either directly or via repeaters north of the city.
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In 2008, KUNM launched three high-power repeaters. KBOM in Socorro signed on February 15, 2008, broadcasting from "Mountain M" at 88.7 MHz. KRAR in Española followed on April 1, 2008, with 6,000 watts from Black Mesa on 91.9 MHz. Two days later, the new Arroyo Seco station, KRRT 90.9 MHz, came into service.
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Yagi antenna being used to communicate through an FM satellite. A number of low earth orbit (LEO) OSCAR satellites use frequency modulation (FM). These are also commonly referred to as "FM LEOs" or the "FM Birds". Such satellites act as FM amateur radio repeaters that can be communicated through using commonly available amateur radio equipment.
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Low attenuation Signals transmitted on optical fiber attenuate much less than through other media like metal cables or wireless media.M. Vidmar, “Optical-fiber communications: Components and systems”, Informacije MIDEM, vol. 31., no. 4., 2001 By using optical fiber, the radio signals can gap larger transmission distances, reducing the need of additional repeaters or amplifiers.
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At that time, the repeaters worked in only one direction, therefore two cables were needed for each route. The Hawaii No. 1 cable provided the first direct operator dialing between Hawaii and the mainland and was retired in 1989 after 32 years of service, then being replaced with more advanced Fiber Optic cable technology.
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Can be found only in dispersive media. In a waveguide, phase velocity varies with frequency. In a filter, group delay tends to peak near the cut-off frequency, resulting in pulse distortion. When analog long distance trunks were commonplace, for example in 12 channel carrier, group delay distortion had to be corrected in repeaters.
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200pxIn same-band repeaters, isolation between transmitter and receiver can be created by using a single antenna and a device called a duplexer. The device is a tuned filter connected to the antenna. In this example, consider a type of device called a band-pass duplexer. It allows, or passes, a band, (or a narrow range,) of frequencies.
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For example, a fiber optic cable might run up to without a repeater from the telephone exchange to a concentrator site, and local subscriber wire local loops can extend an additional 4 km beyond the concentrator and its DSLAM. With repeaters in the fiber optic cable the distance from the telephone exchange can be extended much farther.
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Amateur Radio Club (K2CC), established in 1922 is the University's oldest organization that is still active today. The club offers two licensing exam sessions per semester and interacts regularly with the local community. K2CC has both analog and digital voice repeaters and maintains a contest and experimentation room equipped with DX, weak signal and satellite radios and antennas.
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It is designed to transmit on the 2 meter band between 144 and 148 MHz and on the 70cm band between 430 and 450 MHz. Features include CTCSS and duplex operation for use with local repeaters, dual watch and dual reception, an LED flashlight, voice prompts in either English or Chinese and programmable LED lighting for the LCD display.
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If the required distance is greater than the range of the wireless call box, an external antenna can extend the range. In the FCC-licensed frequency range, radio repeaters can extend this range even more. A wireless call box that runs on solar power can be truly wireless, since no power lines need be run to it.
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The Klett system was another system used for repeating firearms, and was an improvement on the Kalthoff system. The oldest date found on guns using the system is 1652. Klett repeaters also use a horizontally rotating trigger guard to operate the weapon. The Klett system features two rotating screw breeches, which function like the breech of the Ferguson Rifle.
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Note that due to a vast number of CBC low-power AM transmitters in Quebec, such as the repeaters of CBF, CBSI and CBVE are not listed here and its uncertain if most of these transmitters are still currently in operation. It's also uncertain if most of these CBC transmitters currently listed below are still in operation.
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Radio signals have a limitations due to distance and terrain. If two radios are far apart, or there is a mountain in the way, they will not be able to communicate. To alleviate this, radio repeaters are installed on mountaintops to repeat the signal from one radio to another, or group of others. This is a standard repeater site.
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Despite this, no effort from Nexstar has been made to bring back any of the repeaters. A digital channel 28 translator in Waymart remains operational, as the facility is owned and operated by NextEra Energy Resources. Wind turbines run by the company in the area surrounding Waymart interfere with the transmission of full-power television signals.
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SLBC relied on mediumwave as its primary mode of domestic broadcasting until the 1990s. Some sporadic FM broadcasts were already introduced at several relay stations more as a means of expanding the broadcasts to medium wave repeaters stations. However, by the late 1980s. This was followed by the ‘Island FM Development Project’ that was launched in year 1995.
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A small fraction of short gamma-ray bursts are probably produced by giant flares from soft gamma repeaters in nearby galaxies.Frederiks 2008Hurley 2005 The origin of short GRBs in kilonovae was confirmed when short GRB 170817A was detected only 1.7 s after the detection of gravitational wave GW170817, which was a signal from the merger of two neutron stars.
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A simple source routing mechanism using digipeaters is available at the datalink level. Digipeaters act as simplex repeaters, receiving, decoding and retransmitting packets from local stations. They allow multi-hop connections to be established between two stations unable to communicate directly. The digipeaters use and modify the information in the frame's address field to perform this function.
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In 1974, Telecentro was created as a division of ENRAD (Empresa Nacional de Radiodifusión), a state controlled company used to operate all of the country's radio and television stations. However, private broadcasters still owned the broadcast stations. When satellite transmission links were introduced in Peru in 1989, many affiliates had become repeaters of the main stations based in Lima.
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Babel is a public radio station in Uruguay, broadcasting a world and instrumental music format. It is one of the four services of Radiodifusión Nacional del Uruguay and broadcasts on 97.1 FM in Montevideo and 100.9 FM in Maldonado. In addition to the two full-time stations, RNU's regional repeaters air Babel overnight from 12 to 6 a.m.
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In Australia and New Zealand, the 77-channel (previously 40-channel) UHF CB citizen's band near 477 MHz is used for a similar purpose. In New Zealand hand-held transceivers are "class licensed" and require no individual registration. Repeaters may be used, but these require individual station licences. Personal Radio Service, Public Information Bulletin 20, retrieved 2011-07-28.
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In 2004 the company acquired Avaya's Connectivity Solutions business. The Avaya business acquisition included the legacy intellectual property and patents from Western Electric, AT&T;, Lucent Technologies, and Avaya. In June 2007, CommScope acquired Andrew Corporation for $2.6 billion. Andrew's products included antennas, cables, amplifiers, repeaters, transceivers, as well as software and training for the broadband and cellular industries.
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They originated before widespread artificial illumination, to allow the time to be determined in the dark, and were also used by the visually impaired. Now they are mostly valued as expensive novelties by watch and clock enthusiasts. Repeaters should not be confused with striking clocks or watches, which do not strike on demand, but merely at regular intervals.
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With no submarine repeaters and no power feeds, repair and maintenance of the submarine cable is minimized. At the same time, the solution is future proof, as the end-point technology is the only item in need of change to increase the capacity. In the spring of 2013, the cable was cut at the south of Orkney.
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Other industries in the town are coal mining, forestry, tourism and angling. A new gold mine is planned to open in 2024, it is expected to employ 100 people. Locally received radio stations include repeaters of both The Hits from Greymouth and Coast FM from Westport. The Greymouth Star newspaper is also received daily in the town.
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WMUN-LP was a low-power television station licensed to Muncie, Indiana. It was a repeater that broadcast programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network, via satellite. On August 12, 1980, the station signed on as W32AC, and was one of the first low-power TBN repeaters. The station later changed their callsign to WMUN-LP in 1995.
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Old electrical wire is strewn about in various places, and rusted conduit is still present, along with boxes that contained breakers. On November 9, 2013 the two large passive microwave repeaters directly southwest of the beacon were removed. These were used to reflect microwave radio communications from Salt Lake to northeastern Utah. They had also been heavily vandalized.
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A MPR-series hand-held model was offered for GE Marc V trunked systems. Later models included a Japanese-made radio with model numbers beginning with TMX (mobiles) and TPX (portables). Certain later models of PCS and MDX radios were dual-mode, supporting GE Marc V and EDACS. A large system operator might own their radio backbone (repeaters).
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In July 2019, astronomers reported that non-repeating Fast Radio Bursts may not be one-off events, but actually FRB repeaters with repeat events that have gone undetected and, further, that FRBs may be formed by events that have not yet been seen or considered. Additional possibilities include that FRBs may originate from nearby stellar flares.
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The 10BASE-FB is a network segment used to bridge Ethernet hubs. Here FB abbreviates FiberBackbone. Due to the synchronous operation of 10BASE- FB, delays normally associated with Ethernet repeaters are reduced, thus allowing segment distances to be extended without compromising the collision detection mechanism. The maximum allowable segment length for 10BASE-FB is 2000 meters.
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Telefuturo, sometimes known as Canal 4, is a Paraguayan television network. The station operates between 66 and 72 MHz in Asunción, and reaches almost the entire population of Paraguay. Telefuturo's coverage reaches almost all the Región Oriental, where approximately 97% of the population of Paraguay lives. Since its inception it maintained a steady growth and currently has 14 repeaters.
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Mixx FM 106.3 is a commercial radio station broadcasting from Colac, Victoria (Australia). It is currently owned by Ace Radio and broadcasts contemporary hits. The station features both locally produced and nationally syndicated content from NOVA Entertainment and from Grant Broadcasters. It has two repeaters: one at Lorne (92.7 FM) and another at Apollo Bay (95.9 FM).
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Robert C. Tyler. Determined to fight to the last ditch, the Confederates fought a wave of dismounted Union troops. The Confederates did not stand a chance as they were largely outnumbered and poorly armed, whereas the Federals were armed with repeaters. The Union soldiers crossed over a ditch while the rebels hurled primitive hand-grenades and fired their weapons.
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In the late 2040s, India is ruled by The Council. Drinking water and fresh air is an extravagance. Shalini is married to Rizwan Chaudhury, a Muslim man with whom she has a daughter, Leila. One day Rizwan is killed by goons known as "Repeaters" during a party on the suspicion he wasted water; they also abduct Leila.
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As the crank handle is turned through the notches, the battery is alternately connected and disconnected from the line and the local instrument. Thus, current is alternately applied and removed from the mechanism turning the needles.Shaffner, pp. 329–330 A drawback of the Foy–Breguet system was that it did not use repeaters over long distances.
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Radio broadcast stations: AM 190, FM 88, shortwave 24 (1999) Radios: 120.5 million (1997) Television broadcast stations: 7,108 (plus 441 repeaters; note – in addition, US Forces are served by 3 TV stations and 2 TV cable services) (1999) Televisions: 86.5 million (1997) Amateur radio: 446,602 licensed stations as of October 2011. See Amateur radio call signs of Japan.
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On September 24, 2015, XHMNL in Monterrey shut off its analog signal and began exclusively broadcasting in digital on channel 28.IFT: El 24 de septiembre concluirán las señales de televisión analógica en diferentes localidades de cuatro estados Other transmitters followed in December 2016, with the state network adopting 28 as its virtual channel. In May 2017, TVNL (TV Nuevo León) began branding as Canal 28 with a new logo and slogan. On September 5, 2018, the Federal Telecommunications Institute approved the conversion of Canal 28 into a common-concession state network that could build new repeaters anywhere in Nuevo León, with the existing 23 repeaters of XHMNL-TDT losing their individual concessions and callsigns and also being moved to channel 28 to form a single-frequency network.
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The only local television channel serving Fort Frances is the Shaw TV community channel on Shaw Cable channel 10. There are no local broadcast outlets or repeaters serving Fort Frances; Shaw Cable carries CBWT-DT (CBC), CBWFT-DT (Ici Radio-Canada Télé) and CKY-DT (CTV) from Winnipeg, CITV-DT (Global) from Edmonton, and TVO, plus CITY-DT (Citytv), CHCH-DT (independent), CFTM-DT (TVA, live feed) and TFO. CJBN-TV from Kenora used to be available on cable until it permanently signed off on January 27, 2017. United States network programming on Shaw TV comes from Detroit (WDIV-TV, WXYZ-TV, WWJ-TV, and WTVS) and Rochester (WUHF); stations from the Duluth television market are not available on cable, though they are available over-the-air from repeaters in International Falls.
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Unlike other microphone types, the carbon microphone can also be used as a type of amplifier, using a small amount of sound energy to control a larger amount of electrical energy. Carbon microphones found use as early telephone repeaters, making long-distance phone calls possible in the era before vacuum tubes. Called a Brown's relay, these repeaters worked by mechanically coupling a magnetic telephone receiver to a carbon microphone: the faint signal from the receiver was transferred to the microphone, where it modulated a stronger electric current, producing a stronger electrical signal to send down the line. One illustration of this amplifier effect was the oscillation caused by feedback, resulting in an audible squeal from the old "candlestick" telephone if its earphone was placed near the carbon microphone.
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The translator band, UHF TV channels 70–83, consisted mostly of these small repeaters; it was removed from television use in 1983 with the tiny repeaters moved primarily to lower UHF channels. The 806–890 MHz band segment is now used primarily by mobile phones. Many of these transmitters, if still in operation, were moved again in 2011 as UHF channels 52–69 were lost primarily to mobile telephony during the DTV transition, and a third time by 2020, when the 2016 wireless spectrum auction eliminated channels 37–51. As improvements to originating stations lessen the need for these translators, the small transmitter facilities and their allocated frequencies were often repurposed for low-power broadcasting; instead of repeating a distant signal, the tiny transmitter would be used to originate programming for a small local area.
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The electronic repeaters were designed by the Bell Telephone Laboratories of the United States and they were inserted into the cable at intervals – a total of 51 repeaters in the central section. The armored cables were manufactured southeast of London, at a factory in Erith, Kent, owned by Submarine Cables Ltd. (owned jointly by Siemens Brothers & Co, Ltd, and The Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Company, Ltd). The cables were laid over the summers of 1955 and 1956, with the majority of the work done by the cable ship HMTS Monarch. At the land-end in Gallanach Bay near Oban, Scotland, the cable was connected to coaxial (and then 24-circuit carrier lines) carrying the transatlantic circuits via Glasgow and Inverness to the International Exchange at Faraday Building in London.
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DWAR (103.9 MHz) RMN Palawan is an FM radio station owned by Romeo Servando's Rolin Broadcasting Enterprises, Inc. It is an affiliate of Radio Mindanao Network. Its main studio is located at BM Road, Puerto Princesa City, with repeaters located in various towns in Palawan. Gerry Ortega, the pro- environment journalist slain last 2011, had a program in this station.
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WMRA is a Public Radio formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Harrisonburg, Virginia. It is the NPR member station for the central Shenandoah Valley. Combined with its full-power repeaters and low-power translators, it serves much of west-central Virginia from Winchester to Lexington as well as the Charlottesville area. WMRA is owned and operated by James Madison University.
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Univision programming is available in Mexico through affiliates in markets located within proximity to the Mexico–United States border (such as KBNT-CD/San Diego (and repeaters KTCD-LP and KHAX-LP); KUVE-DT/Tucson, Arizona; KINT-TV/El Paso, KLDO-TV/Laredo and KNVO/McAllen), whose signals are readily receivable over-the-air in border areas of northern Mexico.
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An intermediary step which allows the testing of communication infrastructure are trusted repeaters. Importantly, a trusted repeater cannot be used to transmit qubits over long distances. Instead, a trusted repeater can only be used to perform quantum key distribution with the additional assumption that the repeater is trusted. Consider two end nodes A and B, and a trusted repeater R in the middle.
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The front hood (bonnet) and front bumper covers use the Japanese configuration, with turnsignal repeaters on the exterior mirrors, and standard equipment front and rear foglights. The turbodiesel and the 2.5i engines are Euro5 compliant. 2013 brings a facelift of the model with minor updates on the exterior and interior. Steering and handling is improved, and CVT is offered with the diesel engine.
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Most television stations in Mexico are operated as repeaters of the networks they broadcast. Translator stations in Mexico are given call signs beginning with XE and XH. Televisa and Azteca maintain two national networks apiece. Televisa's Canal de las Estrellas network includes 128 stations (the most in Mexico), and Azteca's networks have 88 and 91 stations. The stations may insert local advertising.
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Like any trunked system, LTR MultiNet allows users to be grouped to virtual channels on a system backbone. The system backbone consists of repeaters configured to support the LTR protocol. The virtual channels, called system and group, are controlled by the system electronics. In an LTR system, the electronics that set up communications between radios are housed in each radio set, (scan-based).
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GTS signed on for the first time on 1 March 1968. BKN followed soon afterward, on 16 August. In 1974, the stations (and their repeaters) merged to form Spencer Gulf Telecasters and broadcast under the name GTS/BKN Television. The company was bought by Southern Cross Broadcasting (SCB) in 2001, though it retained the Central name until the end of 2005.
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Columbus-III entered service since December 1999 and it's owned by over 30 carriers. Supported by 90 repeaters, it's 9833 km long. After a 2009 upgrade, the capacity of the system between the United States and Portugal was increased to 160 Gbit/s initially. The upgraded system could accommodate up to 320 Gbit/s with potential to go even further beyond.
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SAT-2 was a submarine communications cable linking Melkbosstrand, South Africa, to El Medano, Tenerife Island, Spain and Funchal, Madeira islands, Portugal. It was long, contained 82 repeaters, operated at 560 Mbit/s and was in service from 1993 to January, 2013. It is the property of Telkom SA Ltd, Telefónica, Marconi, British Telecom, France Cables et Radio, and Deutsche Telekom.
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Racks can be used with multiple types of fireworks, such as aerial shells, fountains, Roman candles, and the newest class of fireworks, 500 gram repeaters. Other tools are involved with the setup of fireworks for later display, such as shovels, various hand tools, and spare visco fuses. The true scope of tools used with consumer fireworks is limited only by the displayer's imagination.
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Those outsides of the primary network will be able to connect through the new "repeated" network. However, as far as the original router or access point is concerned, only the repeater MAC is connected, making it necessary to enable safety features on the wireless repeater. Wireless repeaters are commonly used to improve signal range and strength within homes and small offices.
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Some wireless range extending devices connect via a USB port. These USB adapters add Wi-Fi capability to desktop PCs and other devices that have standard USB ports. USB supports not only the data transfers required for networking, but it also supplies a power source so that these adapters do not require electrical plugs. Some wireless repeaters have a power outlet.
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" His most common tactic, with no voter ID, was to use "repeaters." Here's how he described it, "When you've voted'em with their whiskers on you take'em to a barber and scrap off the chin-fringe. Then you vote'em again with side lilacs and a mustache. Then to a barber again, off comes the sides and you vote'em a third time with the mustache.
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All trains are equipped with Wi-Fi for passenger access to the Internet and were repainted grey as of 2005. The trains also have electric power supply sockets at all seats in both first and second class. The trains have been fitted with repeaters to improve mobile phone reception. It has a top commercial speed of , but has reached in a test.
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CapRadio (formerly Capital Public Radio) is the public radio service of California State University, Sacramento. It consists of two full-power stations and five repeaters, all members of National Public Radio. It is the NPR member for Sacramento and much of the surrounding area, including Stockton and Modesto. The group is headquartered on Folsom Boulevard on the Sacramento State campus.
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KPBX-FM is a public radio station serving Spokane, Washington. It broadcasts at 91.1 MHz with an ERP of 56,000 watts and is one of three stations operated by Spokane Public Radio. KSFC and KPBZ are the others. Through seven full- power repeaters and six translators, it reaches 70,000 listeners in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, northern Idaho, western Montana and southern British Columbia.
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Framing is done by detection of a special synchronization pattern, which appears on the (unscrambled) serial digital signal to be a sequence of twenty ones followed by forty zeroes; this bit pattern is not legal anywhere else within the data payload. The SMPTE 292 digital interface is known to be reliable (without use of repeaters) at cable lengths of 100 m or greater.
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Some Linux distros handle this by removing iputils arping along with dependent packages like NetworkManager if Habets's arping is installed. Others (e.g. Debian-based distros like Ubuntu) have iputils-arping split into a separate package to avoid this problem. In networks employing repeaters that implement proxy ARP, the ARP response may originate from such proxy hosts and not directly from the probed target.
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The "sweet spot" where the most repeaters could be heard had at least nine reverberations of anything that was shouted loud enough. The study of the sweet spot has even been used as boy scout projects. Along the way in Millard Canyon, a special station stop was made at Dawn Station above the Dawn Mines, an old gold mining operation.Seims, p. 149.
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This doubled the capacity to 24 channels, the same as a basic digital Type T PCM carrier introduced in the late 1950s, which became the now- ubiquitous "T-1" of the digital world. Repeaters were spaced approximately 6 miles (10 km) apart, depending on wire gauge. With few exceptions, N-carriers used 19 gage unloaded toll pairs in two-wire operation.
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Mercedes-Benz introduced the side turn signal repeaters integrated into the side view mirror in 1998, starting with its facelifted E-Class (W210). Since then, many automakers have been incorporating side turn signal devices into the mirror housings rather than mounting them on the vehicle's fenders. Some evidence suggests these mirror-mounted turn signals may be more effective than fender-mounted items.
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Telemetro is a television network headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country. The station broadcasts in NTSC format and in Panama City also in DVB-T format. In 1996 Telemetro and RPC TV merged and formed Corporacion Medcom. Main programming consists on news, novelas, and local reality shows; it has a direct rivalry with TVN since it has similar programming.
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Meraki employed people who worked on the MIT Roofnet project. In 2007, Meraki selected San Francisco for their community-based Free the Net campaign. They started putting gateway devices in the Lower Haight neighborhood to provide Internet access and giving away repeaters. In the first year of the project, the growth of the network was primarily in the Mission District.
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There are several different types of repeaters; a telephone repeater is an amplifier in a telephone line, an optical repeater is an optoelectronic circuit that amplifies the light beam in an optical fiber cable; and a radio repeater is a radio receiver and transmitter that retransmits a radio signal. A broadcast relay station is a repeater used in broadcast radio and television.
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At least seven of these transmitters used to be repeaters of CBF-FM: CBFA-FM-1 Manawan, CBFA-FM-2 Obedjiwan, CBFW-FM Wemindji, CBFM-FM Mistissini, CBFA-3 (later re-called CBFG-FM-3) Wemotaci, CBFH-FM Waskaganish, and CBFV-FM Waswanipi; these repeaters changed their source of programming from CBF-FM to CBFG-FM following approval by the CRTC on October 30, 2012.Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-599 CBFG-FM Chisasibi – New transmitters and revocation of licences, CRTC, October 30, 2012Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-602-1 CFFB Iqaluit – New transmitters in Puvirnituq, Kuujjuarapik, Inukjuak, Salluit and Kuujjuaq (Fort Chimo) – Correction, CRTC, November 5, 2012 It is unknown if CBFG-FM was a repeater of CBF-FM. On July 15, 2015, the CRTC renewed CBFG's licence until August 31, 2018.Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2015-313, July 15, 2015.
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Two additional repeaters, K18CD and KWAZ-LP channel 35 in Lincoln, carried KFXL's programming (and that of KTVG prior to June 12, 2009) until December 1, 2009; both repeaters, as with KSNB, were owned by Colins Broadcasting Company. (A third Colins-owned translator, K17CI in Beatrice, had left the air on June 12, 2009.) KFXL-TV was rebroadcast on KUVR-LD, channel 29, in McCook until mid- June 2009, when KUVR-LD became KWNB-LD and began rebroadcasting KWNB-TV (though as noted above, KFXL remains available on KWNB-LD via channel 6.2). KTVG-TV also once operated its own repeater in McCook, WCWH-LP channel 40; this was shut down in favor of KWNB-LD2 on March 19, 2010. In addition, KFXL- TV (and KTVG before it) were carried on KHJP-LP, channel 29, in Valentine from 2004 to 2010.
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Various projects exist for gateway administrators to add "add-on" software to their gateways, including the most popular package called "dplus" created by Robin Cutshaw AA4RC. A large number of Gateway 2.0 systems are offering services added by this software package to their end-users, and users are getting used to having these features. Features include the ability to link systems directly, "voice mail" (a single inbox today), ability to play/record audio to and from the repeaters connected to the Gateway and the most important, the ability for DV-Dongle users to communicate from the Internet to the radio users on the repeaters. There is often a misconception by users and system administrators alike that the Gateway 2.0 systems have these add-on features from dplus by default, a testament to the popularity of this add-on software.
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Since it is difficult to fit three bulky wire gongs into a watch movement, virtually all repeaters use two gongs, made from the two ends of a single length of wire supported in the middle, and if a third sound is needed it is made by striking the two gongs rapidly in sequence, first the high tone and then the low: "ding-dong". The repeaters have a mechanism that allows the pace of the repeater strikes to be changed. The owner of a repeater watch can ask a watchmaker to change the pace, making it faster or slower. According to the book "Etablissage et Repassage des Montres à Répétition" by John Huguenin (page 39 of the original edition), "a minute repeater with an average speed takes about twenty seconds to strike 12 hours, three quarters and fourteen minutes".
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Through-the-Earth (TTE) signalling is a type of radio signalling used in mines and caves that uses low-frequency waves to penetrate dirt and rock, which are opaque to higher-frequency conventional radio signals. In mining, these lower- frequency signals can be relayed underground through various antennas, repeater or mesh configurations, but communication is restricted to line of sight to these antenna and repeaters systems.
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The external rear-view mirrors were revised with integrated the side turn signal repeaters and power-assisted mirror control, eliminating the separate turn signal indicators attached to the body. The front and rear turn signal indicators received the clear lens. The newly- revised headlamps for both American and international markets had the clear glass lens. The interior was updated with more creature comforts and better control switches.
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In areas with many repeaters, "reverse splits" were common (i.e., 94/34), to prevent interference between systems. Since the late 1970s, the use of synthesized, microprocessor-controlled radios, and widespread adoption of standard frequency splits have changed the way repeater pairs are described. In 1980, a ham might have been told that a repeater was on "22/82"—today they will most often be told "682 down".
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Until cellular telephones became popular, it was common for community repeaters to have "drive time" monitoring stations so that mobile amateurs could call in traffic accidents via the repeater to the monitoring station who could relay it to the local police agencies via telephone. Systems with autopatches frequently had (and still have) most of the public safety agencies numbers programmed as speed- dial numbers.
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In addition, amateur radio satellites have been launched with the specific purpose of operating as space-borne amateur repeaters. The worldwide amateur satellite organization AMSAT designs and builds many of the amateur satellites, which are also known as OSCARs. Several satellites with amateur radio equipment on board have been designed and built by universities around the world. Also, several OSCARs have been built for experimentation.
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IBIS is an evolving standard with many proposed changes submitted to IBIS Open Forum for consideration. Proposed changes are called BIRDs (Buffer Issue Resolution Documents), a play on the word ibis, a type of bird. Version 6.0 was ratified on September 20, 2013. Changes included an IBIS‐AMI extension for mid-channel repeaters, new parameters for jitter and noise in IBIS-AMI, and analog buffer modeling improvements.
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Packet repeaters, called digipeaters, form the backbone of the APRS system, and use store and forward technology to retransmit packets. All stations operate on the same radio channel, and packets move through the network from digipeater to digipeater, propagating outward from their point of origin. All stations within radio range of each digipeater receive the packet. At each digipeater, the packet path is changed.
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WCLE (1570 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Cleveland, Tennessee, the station is currently owned by Hartline, LLC and features programming from CNN Radio, Motor Racing Network, and Premiere Radio Networks. The station also broadcasts 2 repeaters, W267BI-FM, which broadcasts with a frequency of 101.3 MHz, and a power of 250 watts. The other translator is W256DQ on 99.1 MHz.
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Also, a wireless device connected to any of the repeaters in the chain has data throughput limited by the "weakest link" in the chain between the connection origin and connection end. Networks using wireless extenders are more prone to degradation from interference from neighbouring access points that border portions of the extended network and that happen to occupy the same channel as the extended network.
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The network also allows for transmission of data at a speed of 12-13 kbit/s. There has been raised criticism against several fundamental shortcomings in the network system. The most fundamental is the lack of indoor coverage. This has in part been reversed by increasing the signal strength in urban areas and installing repeaters at for instance medical clinics, Oslo Courthouse and Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.
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On January 30, 2012, the CRTC revoked CIER-TV's licence at the request of the station;CRTC Decision 2012-62 the licences of the Ear Falls TV Committee's other repeaters are known to be cancelled.Query the REC's Canadian station database for Ear Falls, OntarioPer channel listings at zap2it.com, post code: "P0V 1T0"; listings have a "local programming" channel allocated in Ear Falls to cable channel 8.
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Between 1955 and 1956, cable was laid between Gallanach Bay, near Oban, Scotland and Clarenville, Newfoundland and Labrador. It was inaugurated on September 25, 1956, initially carrying 36 telephone channels. In the 1960s, transoceanic cables were coaxial cables that transmitted frequency-multiplexed voiceband signals. A high-voltage direct current on the inner conductor powered repeaters (two-way amplifiers placed at intervals along the cable).
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The following is a list of all IFT-licensed over-the-air television stations broadcasting in the Mexican state of Tlaxcala. The only standalone stations licensed within Tlaxcala are the five transmitters in Tlaxcala Televisión, the state network of Tlaxcala, which broadcasts on virtual channel 10. Most television service in Tlaxcala is offered by repeaters of stations in Puebla and on Altzomoni, Estado de México.
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Ford has also done away with the Euro-style turn signal repeaters for this model year. For the 2011 model year, the Mariner featured HD Radio as a standard, but continued with the same features as the 2010 models. This version of the Mariner was its last, as Ford discontinued the Mercury brand due to declining sales. Ford ended production of the Mariner in October 2010.
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The MARS cable is deployed with a no-burial laying methodology. It consists of two fibre pairs and six submarine repeaters using the dense wavelength division multiplexing transmission technology. The laying of the submarine cable started on the 6 November 2018 at La Prairie, Mauritius and was connected to Rodrigues on the 17 November 2018. The cable is expected to be ready for service in March 2019.
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K34EM was a low-power television station licensed to Wenatchee, Washington. It was a repeater that broadcast programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network, via satellite. The station broadcast on UHF channel 34, with no digital channel. K34EM was among the 155 TBN-owned repeaters slated to be transferred to the Minority Media and Telecommunications Council in 2010; however, , the application to transfer K34EM had not been approved.
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This meant that amateurs who wanted to experiment with the 1.25-meter band had to build their own equipment or purchase one of the few radios available from specialized amateur radio equipment manufacturers. Many of the repeaters which have been constructed for 1.25-meter operation have been based on converted land-mobile base station hardware, often extensively modifying equipment originally designed for other VHF bands.
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For the 2010 model year, the Mariner added Ford's MyKey and trailer sway controls as standard on all trim levels. The Mariner engine has a Flex-Fuel option on all of them which features being able to use E85 fuel and/or regular unleaded only on the optional V6 engine. Ford has also done away with the Euro-style turn signal repeaters for this model year.
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ONE-NET supports star, peer-to-peer and multi-hop topology. Star network topology can be used to lower complexity and cost of peripherals, and also simplifies encryption key management. In peer-to-peer mode, a master device configures and authorizes peer-to-peer transactions. Employing repeaters and a configurable repetition radius multi-hop mode allows to cover larger areas or route around dead areas.
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Most earlier models also had louvers near the bottom of each side panel. The side repeaters are also positioned on the side panels. The bonnet has a large, central scoop and, on most S6 models, a bump above where the intake sits as the carburetors need clearance and would contact the bonnet otherwise. The rear section consists of the head fairing, and fuel filler cap.
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XEQ-TDT (channel 22, virtual channel 9) is a Televisa TV station, based in Mexico City. XEQ is the flagship television station of the Nu9ve network. The Nu9ve network, unlike the other major networks in Mexico, is broadcast by a mix of full-time repeaters as well as local stations, operated by Televisa and its local partners, that also produce and air local programs.
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A major repeater of XEQ is located in Toluca, Estado de México, broadcasting from Cerro Jocotitlán on digital channel 22 (virtual channel 9, formerly 8) with 200 kW ERP.RPC: Shadow XEQ Toluca It is among the most powerful repeaters of its type in the country. The Toluca station carries certain local programs and is known as Nu9ve Estado de México. Local programming in Toluca began in 2002.
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Internet service satellite phones have notoriously poor reception indoors, though it may be possible to get a consistent signal near a window or in the top floor of a building if the roof is sufficiently thin. The phones have connectors for external antennas that can be installed in vehicles and buildings. The systems also allow for the use of repeaters, much like terrestrial mobile phone systems.
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These systems provide advanced processing capabilities and can also be used as quantum repeaters. Their chief advantage is that they can store and retransmit quantum information without disrupting the underlying quantum state. The quantum state being stored can either be the relative spin of an electron in a magnetic field or the energy state of an electron. They can also perform quantum logic gates.
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The station's original transmitter was located at 580 kHz in Edmonton. It operated at 10,000 watts. Due to its location near the bottom of the AM dial, as well as its transmitter power, it was powerful enough to cover nearly all of Alberta's densely populated area. It added an FM simulcast in 1947. Starting in the 1970s, CKUA built a network of 16 FM repeaters across Alberta.
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After that, Osman set about preparing for the next attack. He took advantage of the natural landscape and built a strong network of forts, trench lines, and redoubts that enabled him to fully use his superior armament (his troops had Krupp breech-loading artillery, long range Peabody-Martini rifles and Winchester repeaters, which severely outgunned and outranged the Russians). He also received 5,000 soldiers as reinforcements.
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The ship, as built, was , , fully loaded displacement of 14,000 tons, length overall, length between perpendiculars, breadth, and a draft, fully loaded, of . Four diameter cable tanks of total volume were capable of holding of coiled cable. The tanks held of deep sea telegraph cable or of coaxial telephone cable with repeaters. A hold, forward of the cable tanks, was available for lines and cable buoys.
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One radio and one television station transmits from a broadcast tower below the summit on the west side: WAMC (90.3 Albany, New York); and W38DL (38 Adams, Massachusetts) (Repeater of WNYT-TV). A NOAA Weather Radio station (WWF-48, 162.525 MHz) broadcasts from a different tower on the mountain. The Northern Berkshire Amateur Radio Club runs several amateur radio repeaters on the mountain under the callsign K1FFK.
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Enlace Nicaragua began its broadcasts in 1988 with a low-power transmitter providing it a coverage radius of . In 1991, the network began transmitting from Las Nubes, a high mountain south of the capital of Managua. It was Nicaragua's first UHF television station. The new station soon built studios to begin national program production, as well as a series of repeaters to give it national coverage.
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The satellite had a C-band global coverage horn, which provided coverage of the entire earth, for receive and transmission of two channels or repeaters. The satellite also had two Ku-band steerable spot beams which could be moved to cover any specific area on the earth, and could be re- pointed as needed. The Ku-band spot beams provide both receive and transmit capability.
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XHPNW operates four 500-watt repeaters that carry its signal to the Cinco Manantiales region, at Allende,RPC: XHPNW-33 Allende Nava,RPC: XHPNW-33 Nava Villa UniónRPC: XHPNW-33 Villa Unión and Zaragoza.RPC: XHPNW-33 Zaragoza These stations broadcast on channel 33, where XHPNW will be moved following repacking. The authorization to move the main station was approved by the IFT on March 7, 2018.
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The Tumbler Ridge Observer formerly covered the town and was published by the Peace River Block Daily News in Dawson Creek. The Ridge Blog was a short-lived online news source. One newsletter, Coffee Talk, based out of Chetwynd, is circulated in the town. No radio station, or television station broadcasts from the town but there are local repeaters for stations from larger centres.
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Other negative resistance tube oscillators followed, such as the magnetron invented by Hull in 1920. The negative impedance converter originated from work by Marius Latour around 1920. He was also one of the first to report negative capacitance and inductance. A decade later, vacuum tube NICs were developed as telephone line repeaters at Bell Labs by George Crisson and others, which made transcontinental telephone service possible.
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In 1953, the CIRT supported a move that allowed large Mexico City radio stations to establish nationwide repeaters, adversely affecting local stations. It supported the Televisa Law in 2006, even when many of the association's smaller members would have been harmed by a measure that benefited Televisa and TV Azteca. Likewise, it opposed the Federal Telecommunications Institute's decision to auction new radio and TV stations in 2016.
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Radio DDR Radio DDR 2 () was a radio channel in East Germany run by Rundfunk der DDR, created in October 1958. It was a regional service in the morning and at 01:00 local time, broadcast centralized classical music and radio plays produced in Berlin. Since this was a regional service, it used mostly FM broadcasting, with some minor AM broadcasting repeaters near Senftenberg.
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Lee calls these occurrences repeaters. The phone rings and he wakes up again to hear a voice that he hadn't heard since his college days: Ella Innes. The first thing they say to each other is that it's happening again. They thought they could escape Dreamside only to find that over ten years later, it is once again worming its tendrils back into their lives.
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Many of the exercises and phenomena involving lucid dreaming were taken from actual sleep research studies and exercises. The various methods that the characters used to determine if they were dreaming are called induction techniques. The "repeaters" that Lee suffers from in the Prologue are called false awakenings. The immobility that the characters suffer from in Dreamside are similar to the effects of sleep paralysis.
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The international system employs a radiotelephone system, with connections to Comoros, France and Madagascar. A new microwave relay station to Mauritius is also in use, along with one Intelsat satellite-earth station. As of 1998, there are two AM broadcast stations and 55 FM stations, serving (as of 1997) 173,000 radios. In 1997, there were 22 television broadcast stations (and 18 low power repeaters), serving 127,000 televisions.
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Mossberg 500 is a series of pump action shotguns manufactured by O.F. Mossberg & Sons. The 500 series comprises widely varying models of hammerless repeaters, all of which share the same basic receiver and action, but differ in bore size, barrel length, choke options, magazine capacity, stock and forearm materials. Model numbers included in the 500 series are the 500, 505, 510, 535, and 590.
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For this purpose, configuration data (e.g. tunnel areas) and rules for permissible and impermissible adjustments as well as train categories, which have different characteristics (e.g. axle pattern and ETCS train category), have been developed. A corresponding system was in the final phase of development in the middle of 2015. 26 GSM-R base transceiver stations and 31 repeaters are provided for voice and data communication.
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Loaded cable is no longer a useful technology for submarine communication cables, having first been superseded by co-axial cable using electrically powered in-line repeaters and then by fibre-optic cable. Manufacture of loaded cable declined in the 1930s and was then superseded by other technologies post-war. Loading coils can still be found in some telephone landlines today but new installations use more modern technology.
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The MDF is a termination point within the local telephone exchange where exchange equipment and terminations of local loops are connected by jumper wires at the MDF. All cable copper pairs supplying services through user telephone lines are terminated at the MDF and distributed through the MDF to equipment within the local exchange e.g. repeaters and DSLAM. Cables to intermediate distribution frames (IDF) terminate at the MDF.
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CFMT shut down its analogue signal, over UHF channel 47, on August 31, 2011, the official date in which full-power television stations in larger Canadian television markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 64, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to UHF channel 47 for post-transition operations.Digital Television – Office of Consumer Affairs (OCA) Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analogue channel 47. CFMT's digital repeaters in London and Ottawa also relocated to new channels for the same reason behind the relocation of the main signal; these repeaters would use their former UHF analogue channel numbers (69 and 60) as their virtual channel numbers.
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Amateur transponder repeaters are most commonly used on amateur satellites. A specified band of frequencies, usually having a bandwidth of 20 to 800 kHz is repeated from one band to another. Transponders are not mode specific and typically no demodulation occurs. Any signal with a bandwidth narrower than the transponder's pass-band will be repeated; however, for technical reasons, use of modes other than SSB and CW are discouraged.
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An SSTV repeater is an amateur radio repeater station that relays slow-scan television signals. A typical SSTV repeater is equipped with a HF or VHF transceiver and a computer with a sound card, which serves as a demodulator/modulator of SSTV signals. SSTV repeaters are used by amateur radio operators for exchanging pictures. If two stations cannot copy each other, they can still communicate through a repeater.
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For decades, cross-band repeaters have been used as fixed links. The links can be used for remote control of base stations at distant sites or to send audio from a diversity (voting) receiver site back to the diversity combining system (voting comparator). Some legacy links occur in the US 150–170 MHz band. US Federal Communications Commission rule changes did not allow 150 MHz links after the 1970s.
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This gives the ships a maximum speed of and a range of at .Saunders (2004), p. 92 The Kingston class is equipped with two Sperry Marine Bridgemaster "E" navigational radars, one using the I band and the other operating in the E and F bands. In 2017 Edmonton will be fitted with the Sperry Marine navigation suite, including updated NAVIGAT X gyrocompasses and NAVITWIN IV heading management system and repeaters.
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The repeaters gained three more outputs, making nine in total. Up to seven repeater boxes (63 luminaires) could be supplied by one ACS rack. Multiple ACS racks could be linked together, data-wise, with one acting as a master and the other as slaves. Manchester encoding was used to improve transmission resilience and a polling system was introduced to get feedback (known as Reply Data) from each luminaire.
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In August 1981, he secretly travelled to Afghanistan, bringing with him three FM transmitters and the experience gained with Radio Città Futura. His reference person in Afghanistan is the partisan commander Ahmad Shah Massoud. When Rossellini leaves Afghanistan, all Resistance groups but one have their united radio, reaching through repeaters the Afghan capital Kabul. Radio programs are in Pashto and in Dari, with a ten minutes prerecorded part in Russian.
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It has 4 S and Ku band channels with repeaters manufactured by Thales Alenia Space and other equipment manufactured by Sumitomo. The Ku band antenna operates at up to 150 Mbit/s and the S band antenna at up to 5 Mbit/s. The satellite also has a "laser-radio channel". The satellite is designed to relay data from the ISS, satellites in low earth orbit and rocket launch vehicles.
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Hohle et al. 2008 The Magnificent Seven represent a large class of young neutron stars with many properties different from normal radio pulsars. There are other types of young isolated neutron stars which are different from standard radio pulsars, such as soft gamma repeaters, anomalous X-ray pulsars, rotating radio transients, and central compact objects in supernova remnants. Some of them can be related to the Magnificent Seven.
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The Fútbol para todos broadcast included its own announcers and advertising, which all repeaters carried. At the beginning and end of its time, FPT was successful in luring advertisers to its broadcasts. However, in February 2010, after just six months on the air, all but two advertisers were forced out. One was truck manufacturer Iveco, which paid for some of the air time in trucks; the other was the Argentine presidency.
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The facelifted X350 debuted in February 2007 for model year 2008 with a revised front grille and front bumper assembly featuring a prominent lower grille. A Jaguar emblem within the grille replaced the previous bonnet-mounted hood ornament. The front lights were revised and door mirrors incorporated side repeaters. The front fenders/wings had prominent faux side vents, and the side sills, rear bumper and tail lights were revised.
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Both the current and the former logo are still used on CJTK's website. The station's former brandings were known as K95.5, or just simply the K and was also used on CJTK's other repeaters. CJTK will be the new play-by-play voice of the Sudbury Wolves for the upcoming 2009-2010 Ontario Hockey League season."Wolves move away game broadcasts to FM dial", Northern Life, September 11, 2009.
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"Realism has never been brought to greater perfection. The howling of the mob, the tocsin, the revolting sayings and jests, are marvellously depicted. An epoch cannot be more strikingly and faithfully delineated. The piece is a denunciation of the terror which even now finds a few defenders and perhaps would-be repeaters, but there is nothing new in this indictment" (On the original production of the Comédie Française).
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The advent of the radio Emergency Broadcast System rendered NEAR obsolete, although a severe disadvantage inherent in the Emergency Broadcast System was that it required a television or radio to be turned on for a household to receive the emergency alarm, whereas NEAR did not. Despite this advantage, upon the introduction of the Emergency Broadcast System, stockpiled NEAR repeaters were destroyed by their respective manufacturers. August 2009. No. 8, season 7.
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Its powerful 100,000-watt signal allows it to double as the main NPR station for the state capital, Topeka. From the KANU studio in Lawrence, KPR broadcasts mostly classical music, National Public Radio news, jazz, and folk/bluegrass music. KANH, KANV, K210CR and K258BT serve as full repeaters of KANU. KPR also operates an HD2 signal, which broadcasts a mix of National Public Radio and BBC news-talk programming.
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There was only one serious interruption to the service during World War I, in 1914 when the Nurnberg, a German cruiser, cut the cable at Fanning Island. Technical changes to the system in 1923, including the installation of automatic repeaters, relegated Southport to a repeater station. The Southport station continued to be operated by the Pacific Cable Board until 1932. Management was then taken over by Cable & Wireless.
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SIC enables satellite repeaters to extend coverage to indoor, urban canyon, and other locations by reusing the same frequencies. This type of repeater is essentially two radios connected back-to-back. One radio faces the satellite, while the other radio faces the area not in direct coverage. The two radios relay the signals (rather than store-and-forward data bits) and must be isolated from each other to prevent feedback.
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In the United States, there is a Taxicab Radio Service with pairs assigned for this purpose. A taxi company can also be licensed in the Business Radio Service. Business frequencies in the UHF range are also licensed in pairs to allow for repeaters, though taxi companies usually use the pair for duplex communications. Taxi dispatch is evolving in connection to the telecom sector with the advent of smart-phones.
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TTARS offers four membership levels: full, associate, honorary and affiliate. To be eligible for full membership, one requires an amateur radio license issued by the Trinidad and Tobago government. Dues from full members go mainly toward maintaining the repeaters and the club station, as well as the general operational costs of the society. Only full financial members get the ability to vote and run for office as elected TTARS officials.
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Trinidad is covered by two repeaters. One of them is located on the Northern mountain range and its operating frequency is 147.93 MHz with a negative shift of 600 kHz and covers most of the island. However, coverage is best in the Northern part of the island. Sometimes, hams from other Caribbean Islands such as Grenada and St. Vincent are able to talk to hams in Trinidad via this repeater.
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Inside, audio controls were relocated to the steering wheel and Bluetooth became standard across the range. Upper trims included power folding heated mirrors with turn signal repeaters. The center display for sound system was previously red LED and was revised to include a full color range. The Kia Soul will be a mini SUV after 2013 in its second generation which the Kia Track'ster will succeed the first generation Kia Soul.
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On 6 October 2000, TV B92 began broadcasting as a local TV station reaching Belgrade's greater municipal area and parts of Vojvodina. Over the next few years, the station expanded its network of repeaters and could be seen in most of Serbia. From the 2000s, the daily newscast on TV B92 become popular with viewers. Its TV news service was the second most watched in Serbia after the national broadcaster.
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The Aruba Amateur Radio Club (AARC) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Aruba. AARC operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. The organization operates amateur radio repeaters located at points of high elevation on Sero Yamanota that can be accessed from around the island, from Curaçao, and parts of Venezuela.Aruba Amateur Radio Club (2008).
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Scientists Find Second Pulsar and Link It to Ancient Supernova, John Noble Wilford, New York Times, January 11, 2001. Kaspi's research with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer showed that soft gamma repeaters, astronomical sources of irregular gamma ray bursts, and anomalous X-ray pulsars, slowly rotating pulsars with high magnetic fields, could both be explained as magnetars.Evidence Helps Confirm Existence of Powerful Magnetars, Robert Roy Britt, space.com, September 11, 2002.
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High-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) is a telecommunications protocol standardized in 1994. It was the first digital subscriber line (DSL) technology to use a higher frequency spectrum over copper, twisted pair cables. HDSL was developed to transport DS1 services at 1.544 Mbit/s and 2.048 Mbit/s over telephone local loops without a need for repeaters. Successor technology to HDSL includes HDSL2 and HDSL4, proprietary SDSL, and G.SHDSL.
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Besides personal use, the equipment is used by search and rescue organizations, businesses, security guards, taxi companies and delivery services. In urban areas, simplex repeaters, usually mounted on the roofs of high-rise buildings, are used to increase communication range. CTCSS and DCS are often used due to heavy channel congestion in urban areas. Operating rules are less restrictive than amateur radio service, with an initial license fee required.
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However, because they were often used in bedrooms where the hourly striking of the bell could disturb sleepers, they either had a knob to silence the hourly striking, or did not strike on the hour at all but only at the pull of the cord. These were called 'silent pull repeaters'. A bracket clock with matching wall bracket, made around 1735 by Nicolas Delaunay, a watchmaker of Paris.
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The three legacy Telsusa stations — XHTVL/XHTOE, XHDY and XHGK — each produce their own local newscasts and a midday magazine show on weekdays. All Telsusa stations brand their news as Notitrece and their magazines as Giros. The new repeaters currently simulcast XHTVL in Villahermosa. Most of the rest of the stations' programming consists of music videos, programs from Albavisión-owned El Nueve in Argentina, movies, and paid programming.
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In 1952, William Gardner Pfann revealed the method of zone melting which enabled semiconductor purification and level doping. The 1950s also saw developmental activity based upon information theory. The central development was binary code systems. Efforts concentrated more precisely on the Laboratories' prime mission of supporting the Bell System with engineering advances including N-carrier, TD Microwave radio relay, Direct Distance Dialing, E-repeaters, Wire spring relays, and improved switching systems.
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An unimproved road for ATVs and four-wheel drive vehicles also exists for those who do not want to hike to the summit, and starts in Emigration Canyon directly to the east. This road begins on private property however, and reaching the summit via vehicle is strongly discouraged as parts of this mountain are on National Forest lands, where such vehicles are prohibited. The road terminates at the radio repeaters.
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In October 2009, North Texas Public Broadcasting filed an application with the FCC for a license to operate a KERA translator in Tyler. The license application requested for the translator to operate on UHF channel 25. The application was dismissed in March 2011. Two additional applications are still pending for repeaters on UHF channels 35 and 44, but no apparent actions have been taken on these applications to date.
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These teleprinter circuits were connected to switching equipment at the central office for Telex and TWX service. Private line teleprinter circuits were not directly connected to switching equipment. Instead, these private line circuits were connected to network hubs and repeaters configured to provide point to point or point to multipoint service. More than two teleprinters could be connected to the same wire circuit by means of a current loop.
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Operations for the three stations are based on Skyview Drive in Casper, in the same studios as ABC affiliate KTWO-TV (channel 2), Fox affiliate KFNB (channel 20) and MeTV affiliate KWYF-LD (channel 27). KGWC is one of the few stations in the country that signs off at night. Its repeaters KGWL and KGWR stay on air, but freeze up on the last image transmitted by KGWC.
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Individual competitions are held with musket, revolver, carbine, repeater, single shot, single shot pistol, and smoothbore arms. Distances are 50 and with muskets, carbines, and repeaters; and 25 and with revolvers, single shot pistols, and smoothbore muskets. All individual matches are slow-fire precision events fired on standard N-SSA paper targets. The dimensions of these targets correspond closely to National Rifle Association targets for rifle and pistol.
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KCBX (90.1 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station that is licensed to San Luis Obispo, California. The public radio station is a member station of National Public Radio (NPR) and airs a wide variety of programming, including All Things Considered, Democracy Now!, and jazz and classical music. KCBX has a network of repeaters and translators that enable the station to be heard throughout the Central Coast of California.
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Repeaters are found mainly in the VHF 6 meter (50–54 MHz), 2 meter (144–148 MHz), 1.25-meter band (1 meters) (220–225 MHz) and the UHF 70 centimeter (420–450 MHz) bands, but can be used on almost any frequency pair above 28 MHz. In some areas, 33 centimeters (902–928 MHz) and 23 centimeters (1.24–1.3 GHz) are also used for repeaters. Note that different countries have different rules; for example, in the United States, the two meter band is 144–148 MHz, while in the United Kingdom (and most of Europe) it is 144–146 MHz. Repeater frequency sets are known as "repeater pairs", and in the ham radio community most follow ad hoc standards for the difference between the two frequencies, commonly called the offset. In the USA two-meter band, the standard offset is 600 kHz (0.6 MHz), but sometimes unusual offsets, referred to as oddball splits, are used.
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Its United States of America operation is one of the newest to join the World Family, in May 2000, with KJMJ (AM) in Alexandria, Louisiana, being the originating English-language station, together with a network of several FM and AM repeaters in Louisiana, an AM station in Port Arthur, Texas, on 1250 AM (KDEI), and an FM repeater in Anna, Ohio. An AM repeater in Springfield, Ohio, east of Dayton, commenced broadcasting in June 2008 with new FM repeaters in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, coming on the air in June 2009, D'Iberville, Mississippi, and Peshtigo, Wisconsin, both in May 2010. Spanish-language and Italian-language programming is heard on FM subcarrier frequencies in Boston, Chicago, Houston, New York City and Washington, D.C.. Italian-language programming can also be heard on the New York City FM subcarrier as well as French Canadian and English speaking services on FM subcarriers in Toronto, Ontario. Audiostreaming is available from most of these stations.
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Transceivers are normally in receive mode, the user presses a push-to-talk button on his microphone when he wants to talk, which turns on his transmitter and turns off his receiver. They use channels in the VHF and UHF bands, giving them a limited range, usually depending on terrain. Output power is typically limited to 4 watts. Repeaters installed on tall buildings, hills or mountain peaks are used to increase the range of systems.
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Any company, such as a taxi service, towing service, or construction company, may use an SMR service. These concerns may rent radios from the SMR operator or may buy compatible radios. SMR systems use differing protocols, frequency ranges, and modulation schemes: not every radio is compatible with every SMR system. These systems generally consist of one or more repeaters used to maintain communications between a dispatch fleet of mobile or hand-held walkie talkie radios.
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The only differences are some structural designs that had to be adapted for its companion to orbit, KazSat-3. It has 6 S and Ku band channels with repeaters manufactured by Thales Alenia Space and other equipment manufactured by Sumitomo. The Ku band antenna operates at up to 150 Mbit/s and the S band antenna at up to 5 Mbit/s. The satellite also relays COSPAS/SARSAT signals and Planet-S System data.
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Bandwidth requirements will vary from this for PAL and SECAM transmissions. ATV operation in the 70 cm band is particularly popular, because the signals can be received on any cable-ready television. Operation in the 33 cm and 23 cm bands is easily augmented by the availability of various varieties of consumer-grade wireless video devices that exist and operate in unlicensed frequencies coincident to these bands. Repeater ATV operation requires specially-equipped repeaters.
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In late 1994, the 1995 T600B replaced the T600A. The sleeper was replaced with the new Aerocab sleeper, which integrated the cab and sleeper into basically a single unit, fully open between the cab and sleeper. The roof of the cab was raised upward several inches (to better integrate with the design with the Aerocab sleeper). Another change involved the addition of turn signal repeaters added to rear-facing portion of the front fenders.
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At the age of seven, Alexia Fast wrote, directed and starred in a short film entitled The Red Bridge. She starred in her first feature film, Fido (2006), after gaining her first agent at the age of 11. She has appeared in a number of television films, feature films and in episodes of various television series. Fast played a role in Hungry Hills and Repeaters, both of which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.
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Low-power stations were exempt from the June 12, 2009 mandatory switch-off of full-power analog television stations in the United States, therefore KIDZ-LP was unaffected. When the FCC allowed low-power stations to apply for digital companion channels, so that low-power stations could get their digital operations up and running, neither KIDZ-LP nor its repeaters submitted applications; but, began digital broadcasting as a simulcast of KXVA in 2011.
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This is the peer to peer mode of dPMR (without repeaters or infrastructure) but without the limitations of the licence-free counterpart. It can operate all typical licensed PMR frequency bands and without the RF power limits of dPMR446. As well as offering voice and data, dPMR446 Mode 1 also supports combined voice+data so it is possible to embed data into a voice call or automatically append it at the end of a call.
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The only commercial radio stations serving Tenterfield are Rebel Media stations, Rebel FM 93.7 and The Breeze 102.5. The Tenterfield-based community radio station is Ten FM. The station also broadcasts to Stanthorpe north of the border, on a separate frequency. ABC New England North West and ABC Radio National broadcast to Tenterfield on local FM repeaters. Tenterfield's local newspaper is The Tenterfield Star, which is a weekly newspaper issued each Wednesday.
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Since then, Sood has been a regular performer in television and feature film productions. Most notably, he portrayed the leading role of conservative Muslim father, Baber Siddiqui in the popular CBC sitcom Little Mosque on the Prairie, which aired for six seasons. Other television appearances include Da Vinci's Inquest, The Dead Zone, Romeo! and Dead Like Me. Sood has acted in films such as Romeo Must Die, Rat Race, Meltdown, Watchmen and Repeaters.
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In other words, the circuit should be built with high quality and reliability and with minimum cost. The most common cable used to build the circuit is the 51-pair cable. This type of cable is often utilized in house phone because of the low price and good functionality. Also, signals can be transmitted efficiently since the distance between two adjacent repeaters can be 6000 feet rather than only 3000 feet compared to other cable.
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AM 960 WQLE (the former WKZA), the first station in Kane, ceased broadcasting in 1992, while what is now WCGH (the former WLMI) moved to another town in the early 2010s. WXZY operates out of WLMI's former studios on Fraley Street in Kane. Public broadcaster WPSX and religious broadcaster Family Life Network (the latter of which owns WCGH) both have repeaters in the borough that do not originate any programs from Kane.
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Air vents are installed for rear passengers at the back of the center front armrest compartment. The front hood (bonnet) and front bumper covers are not interchangeable with the North American version due to slight changes in the sheet metal. Turn signal repeaters are still integrated into the side exterior mirrors on all Japanese-spec models. Woodgrain accents are standard on the "L" package and the SI-Cruise vehicle, silver accents on lower trim levels.
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Typically both ends share the current generation with one end providing a positive voltage and the other a negative voltage. A virtual ground point exists roughly halfway along the cable under normal operation. The amplifiers or repeaters derive their power from the potential difference drop across them. A shunt fault occurs when the cable insulation becomes damaged, such that there is a short circuit from the metallic core to the seawater directly.
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XHNUC-FM 105.1 is a radio station in Cancún, Quintana Roo, known as Radio Turquesa. It is owned by Gastón Alegre López, a longtime radio entrepreneur, hotel owner, and PRD politician in the state. XHNUC "Radio Turquesa" is not to be confused with sister station XHCANQ-FM 102.7 "Turquesa Pop", which is commonly owned but a noncommercial (permit) station. Radio Turquesa is heard statewide on several repeaters and additional stations owned by Grupo Turquesa.
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On June 13, 2012, the Federal Communications Commission announced that all licenses associated with Great Lakes Community Broadcasting, including WAQQ, had been cancelled, due to false claims that the group had built a series of stations and repeaters. With this cancellation order, the FCC ordered Great Lakes Community Broadcasting to cease operations of all its stations immediately.FCC document: Letter of cancellation decision to James McCluskey, Ph.D., Great Lakes Community Broadcasting, Inc., June 13, 2012.
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Cable length is limited to , although up to 16 cables can be daisy chained using active repeaters; external hubs or internal hubs are often present in FireWire equipment. The S400 standard limits any configuration's maximum cable length to . The 6-conductor connector is commonly found on desktop computers and can supply the connected device with power. The 6-conductor powered connector, now referred to as an alpha connector, adds power output to support external devices.
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The radiocommunications station has callsign "VJM" and conducts a nightly HF radio schedule with the field huts on 3023 kHz (time varies depending on season and staff preferences). Communications with Australia are conducted using the ANARESAT Earth station facility which utilises the Intelsat Pacific Ocean satellite. Inmarsat and Iridium Satellite LLC portable units are used as a backup. A network of VHF radio repeaters is utilised with handheld transceivers by bushwalkers on the island.
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It has 6 S and Ku band channels with repeaters manufactured by Thales Alenia Space and other equipment manufactured by Sumitomo. The Ku band antenna operates at up to 150 Mbit/s and the S band antenna at up to 5 Mbit/s. The satellite also relays COSPAS/SARSAT signals and Planet-S System data. The satellite is designed to relay data from the ISS, satellites in low earth orbit and rocket launch vehicles.
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After a successful appeal to the Government of Western Australia, ICTV resumed broadcasting part- time on Westlink Network on 13 November 2009. Westlink Network was already carried on the existing Optus Aurora service as an open-narrowcast channel. Programming from ICTV was scheduled every weekend from Friday night to Monday morning. Remote communities with analogue terrestrial repeaters had begun to install equipment to automatically switch the NITV channel to Westlink Network every weekend.
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A collision domain is a network segment connected by a shared medium or through repeaters where simultaneous data transmissions collide with one another. The collision domain applies particularly in wireless networks, but also affected early versions of Ethernet. A network collision occurs when more than one device attempts to send a packet on a network segment at the same time. Members of a collision domain may be involved in collisions with one another.
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Former analog channel 68 KLMV logo Buena Vida Broadcasting logo KLMV-LD Channel 15.1 is a low-powered digital broadcasting television station serving the Laredo, Texas and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico markets. It has a broadcasting power of 15 kW. KLMV started broadcasting in 1999 as K68FU and was on analog channel 68. KLMV was Buena Vida Broadcasting's flagship station that aired independent Spanish Christian programming to a few repeaters across South Texas.
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During its life, CFWH-TV was always licensed as a repeater. For most of its existence, this station was part of a "radiocommunication distribution undertaking" that included CFYK-TV in Yellowknife and CFFB-TV in Iqaluit. The CRTC did not license it as a television station, but merely as a transmitter to redistribute CBC North. In 2011, CFYK-TV was licensed as a full television station, with CFWH and CFFB as repeaters.
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This bell was made of "Bell metal", a mixture of copper and tin. Later repeating watches use gongs made of long hardened steel wires that are coiled inside the watch case. Tiny hammers actuated by the repeater mechanism strike them to make the chiming sounds. Some of the complex repeaters, such as the minute repeater, need to produce three different sounds, to distinguish hours, quarter hours, and minutes in the striking sequence.
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Conversions for automatic firearms are often more complex than those for single shot or manual repeaters, as the difference in power available to the operating mechanism can be significant. There are a number of makers of cartridge conversions that convert various centerfire firearms to .22 Long Rifle, operating both as cartridge conversions and caliber conversions. These conversions typically convert the firearm from gas operation or recoil operation to a simple blowback operation.
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The first of these came when XEAQ and XEFH moved to new facilities after Rodríguez Verdugo sold his stakes in the business.Elízabeth Rodríguez Delgado, "Capítulo III: El cambio, 1960-2000" XEFH affiliated to Cadena RASA for news programs, while the arrival of Mexican television in Agua Prieta via repeaters of the XEW and Canal 13 networks from Mexico City attracted attention away from radio listeners. XEFH was cleared for AM-FM migration in December 2011.
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Ethernet has evolved to include higher bandwidth, improved medium access control methods, and different physical media. The coaxial cable was replaced with point-to-point links connected by Ethernet repeaters or switches. Ethernet stations communicate by sending each other data packets: blocks of data individually sent and delivered. As with other IEEE 802 LANs, adapters come programmed with globally unique 48-bit MAC address so that each Ethernet station has a unique address.
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To alleviate these problems, bridging was created to communicate at the data link layer while isolating the physical layer. With bridging, only well-formed Ethernet packets are forwarded from one Ethernet segment to another; collisions and packet errors are isolated. At initial startup, Ethernet bridges work somewhat like Ethernet repeaters, passing all traffic between segments. By observing the source addresses of incoming frames, the bridge then builds an address table associating addresses to segments.
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There is little evidence that the dimensions of these early racks were standardized. Telephone equipment racks (1923) The 19-inch rack format with rack-units of was established as a standard by AT&T; around 1922 in order to reduce the space required for repeater and termination equipment in a telephone company central office. The earliest repeaters from 1914 were installed in ad-hoc fashion on shelves, in wooden boxes and cabinets.
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Often, repeater stations of a commercial state network will place local news inserts over some portions of local newscasts aired by the parent station. For years, many of them aired separate full-fledged newscasts of their own, though due to budget concerns this has become less common. Additionally, the repeaters usually air separate local advertising from that broadcast by the parent station. Some state networks use callsigns that differ by only one letter between stations.
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This type is used in channels that transmit data in the form of an analog signal in which the voltage or current is proportional to the amplitude of the signal, as in an audio signal. They are also used in trunklines that transmit multiple signals using frequency division multiplexing (FDM). Analog repeaters are composed of a linear amplifier, and may include electronic filters to compensate for frequency and phase distortion in the line.
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They are used as optical repeaters in the long distance fiberoptic cables which carry much of the world's telecommunication links. There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal, which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fiber amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs.
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On Saturday, December 2, they began searching through the data logs of cell sites, trying to find records of repeaters to which the Kims' cellphone may have connected. They discovered that on November 26, 2006 at around 1:30 a.m., the Kims' cellphone made a brief automatic connection to a cell site near Glendale, Oregon, and retrieved two text messages. Temporary atmospheric conditions, such as tropospheric ducting, can briefly allow radio communications over larger distances than normal.
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In 2010, Crew co-starred with Zac Efron and Kim Basinger in the supernatural romantic drama Charlie St. Cloud, playing the love interest of the titular character. Despite negative reviews, it proved to be Crew's mainstream breakthrough. Later that year, she starred in the crime thriller Repeaters as Sonia Logan, a drug addict who becomes trapped in a time loop. The film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival on September 13 and received negative reviews from critics.
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Current "hybrid" FRS/GMRS radios will not require a GMRS license for power up to 2 watts, but FRS radios will still not be permitted to use the input frequencies of GMRS repeaters. Any radio exceeding the limits of the new FRS service will be classified as a GMRS radio. On September 30, 2019, it became unlawful in the USA to import, manufacture, sell, or offer to sell radio equipment capable of operating under both GMRS and FRS.
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There are no local broadcast outlets or repeaters serving Fort McMurray, with television service in the area available only via cable. CFRN-DT (CTV) operates a rebroadcaster on channel 12 from Ashmont that provides separate commercials and local news bulletins for Fort McMurray. It is only available on cable, as that transmitter's coverage area does not reach Fort McMurray. CBXT-DT (CBC Television), CBXFT-DT (Radio- Canada) and CITV-DT (Global) are also available on cable and satellite.
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According to USA Today, "SeaDream Yacht Club delivers a luxurious, yet low-key experience that's appealing even to those who don't usually cruise." SeaDream's slogan is "it's yachting, not cruising". The company's passengers are likely to be SeaDream repeaters, and to feel like members of a club: "It's a well-traveled, cultured, convivial bunch, mostly Americans and Europeans and mostly couples, age 40 and up." , SeaDream's destinations included the Mediterranean, Caribbean, northern Europe and Asia-Pacific.
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The on-screen graphics were modernized and it started to use higher-quality video equipment. In the early 1990s, WGKI launched several repeaters in the Eastern Upper Peninsula unreached by the station's analog signal. By the mid-1990s, the station moved into permanent studios southeast of Cadillac along US 131. On January 11, 1993, the station launched WGKU in Vanderbilt on channel 40 as a full-time satellite of WGKI reaching the Gaylord and Petoskey areas.
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Roberts had earlier proposed an alternate plan that would have had only the WAZE repeaters be transferred to the trust, which would have allowed the sale of WRBU and WZRB to TCT. The CW affiliation in Columbia moved to WKTC (with MyNetworkTV, which the station had already been affiliated with, being relegated to a secondary affiliation) in March 2014, after temporarily remaining on WZRB after its conversion into an Ion Television O&O; the previous month.
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Driver's control for side mirrors, with tiny curb-view button (Saab 9-5). A power side-view mirror (power side mirror, power wing mirror, or simply power mirror) is a side-view mirror equipped with electrical means for vertical and horizontal adjustment from the inside of the automobile. The glass of a power mirror may also be electrically heated to keep it from fogging or icing. Increasingly, power side mirrors incorporate the vehicle's turn signal repeaters.
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The Mercury includes stylistic differences, such as a two-tone interior, turn signal repeaters borrowed from the European-market Ford Maverick (the Escape's name in Europe), monotone cladding, and the signature Mercury "waterfall" front grille. Unlike its counterparts, a manual transmission was not part of the powertrain lineup. The Mariner was the first Mercury with a four-cylinder since the Mercury Cougar was dropped in 2002. For 2006, the lineup was expanded with the introduction of the Mariner Hybrid.
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The first fiber- optic system for live telephone traffic was in 1977 in Long Beach, Calif., by General Telephone and Electronics, with a data rate of 6 Mbit/s. Early systems used infrared light at a wavelength of 800 nm, and could transmit at up to 45 Mbit/s with repeaters approximately 10 km apart. By the early 1980s, lasers and detectors that operated at 1300 nm, where the optical loss is 1 dB/km, had been introduced.
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Wouxun KG-UVD1P dual-watch handheld for 2 m and 220 MHz. Today, the 1.25-meter band is used by many amateurs who have an interest in the VHF spectrum. There are pockets of widespread use across the United States, mainly in New England and western states such as California and Arizona with more sporadic activity elsewhere. The number of repeaters on the 1.25-meter band has grown over the years to approximately 1,500 nationwide as of 2004.
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WDLI's signal was once relayed on translators W52DS in Youngstown, and W51BI serving Geauga, Lake, and eastern Cuyahoga counties from a site in Kirtland. Both translators were shut down by TBN due to declining support, which was attributed to the digital transition; W51BI ceased operations on July 13, 2009, while W52DS left the air March 26, 2010. Their licenses, along with 42 other silent TBN repeaters, were cancelled on December 1, 2011 for remaining silent over a year.
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Repeaters made by Matthias Kalthoff, who also worked in Denmark, have an initially straight trigger guard with a right angle formed by the carrier. They do not have a release trigger, and use a straight rod for retention of the lever. Guns by Mathias carry dates ranging from 1650 to 1679. Karl XI In 1649, a pair of repeating pistols made by a gunsmith with the surname Kalthoff were reported to have been sent to King Frederik III.
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Personal recollection, G.Stokes Teacher BCS 1986–88. The manual exchange number prior to automation phone number was (050) 4841 to reach the exchange, then the numbers (050)201-000 to 201–999 were allocated for Balranald subscribers. Following the ACA renumbering in the late 1990s, the numbers are now in the (03)5020-1000 to (03)5020–1999 range. There are two amateur radio repeaters installed near the town on the 2-metre and 70 cm. bands.
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On the morning of October 16, 2012, a man was struck and killed by a train after jumping into its path. The death was later ruled a suicide. On January 15, 2018, a 7000-series train derailed on the northbound track between Farragut West and Metro Center because of a cracked track. The response was hampered by poor radio reception for Metro's radios inside the tunnel and minimal cell service due to the depth and the lack of repeaters.
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The wide bodied cars also received revised interiors and equipment specifications to keep the cars competitive in the market. The wide body ("Series 2") 155s can be distinguished from their earlier counterparts by their flared front and smooth rear wheel arches (the latter replacing the lip round the wheel arch of the original). They also sported round or oblong indicator side-repeaters and had their model badges moved below the rear lights rather than having them above.
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In 1975, Grupo Radiópolis was officially formed, including XEW, XEQ and XEX as well as their FM counterparts. 1992 saw the acquisition of the former Radio Comerciales de Jalisco stations in Guadalajara owned by Francisco Javier Díaz Romo, including XEBA-AM-FM, XEHL-AM-FM, XELT-AM and XEZZ-AM. These were the first Radiópolis stations outside of Mexico City, excluding the repeaters which no longer rebroadcast XEW. The group also expanded into Mexicali with XHMOE-FM.
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A remote base station is a common name for an amateur radio auxiliary station that is controlled and operated from a remote location. Most remote base stations have similar features to any other Amateur radio station but can be controlled over a direct wired connection or the internet, or by radio. In many ways, remote base stations controlled by radio, resemble repeaters with additional features. Remote base stations are usually run and maintained by individual hobbyists or clubs.
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Each scholar received a monthly allowance of 420 euros. A scholar could only be granted a scholarship once and could not reapply. Thus, there were no repeaters in the course of the original two-year program. At the end of each semester, a formal graduation ceremony was held, still at the Instituto Cervantes, where the coordinators would also announce the names of the new batch of scholars who would carry on with the radio program for its new season.
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The combination of low power and high frequency limited broadcast range. The band was reallocated to cellular telephone services during the 1980s, with the handful of remaining transmitters moved to lower frequencies. Full-power repeaters such as WPBS-TV's identical-twin transmitter, WNPI-TV, are normally assigned TV call signs like other full- power stations. These "satellite stations" do not have numbered call signs, and must operate in the same manner as other full-power broadcasters.
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One variant of this model is the 21061-41, which had Canadian Domestic Market bumpers and fitments, but it featured European Domestic Market repeaters, tail lights, side logo, etc. This model is one of the rarest of the 2106 series, and some examples survive in the former USSR and in Europe. Special rally-prepared versions had up to from the and up to from the , while there was a turbocharged sixteen-valve 1.8 liter delivering .Thompson, p.115.
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XHNUC-FM is the only station in Mexico to have non-co- channel repeaters on the same concession. Authorized in the 1990s, the network gives XHNUC coverage of key population centers in Quintana Roo. In 1999, the network was partially closed in evident political retribution for Alegre's candidacy for Governor of Quintana Roo; a federal court ordered the transmitters returned to service in 2000, ruling that the state branch of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation acted incorrectly.
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The main research activities of this department includes study on solar-terrestrial environment including solar disturbances, Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere etc. Peoples also work on seismo- ionospheric precursors, lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling processes, long-term and transient solar activity and ionospheric climatology using both ground and space based VLF receiver. Monitoring of galactic X-ray transients, Soft Gamma ray Repeaters (SGRs) and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) etc. are also active research topic in this department.
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The rest of the island has been covered by VHF and UHF analog repeaters, since the 1950s. Also with more disaggregated data and communications centers as follows: 13 control centers, one in each Region Police, a Command Center in Fura and Radio Control Center that is responsible for monitoring all Regions and Units of the Police of Puerto Rico And coordinates internal and external resources. Puerto Rico Police use the Ten- code on police radio communication.
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See FCC Gives The Nod and Making Modifications Repeaters may be designed for amateur packet radio, these are dubbed "digipeaters". The first known amateur packet radio activity in the US occurred in San Francisco during December 1980, when a packet repeater was put into operation on 2 meters by Hank Magnuski KA6M, and the Pacific Packet Radio Society (PPRS).Kenney, Larry "Introduction to Packet Radio - Part 1", "A Short History - How it all began". Retrieved on 2009-08-09.
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In the spring of 2017, WCQS and its associated stations rebranded as "Blue Ridge Public Radio." WCQS (and its repeaters and translators) became "BPR Classic," retaining their established format of NPR programming and classical music. As part of the relaunch, on March 6, 2017, WYQS relaunched as BPR News, an all news-and-talk station airing BBC and NPR programming around the clock. Its launch ended the 24-hour relay of the BBC after almost a decade.
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DWDW (88.7 FM), broadcasting as 88.7 Radyo Bandera News FM, is the flagship news and music radio station owned by Radyo Bandera Network Philippines. The station's main studio is located in Macasaet Business Complex, Roxas St., Puerto Princesa City, with repeaters located in various towns in Palawan. It is currently the overall #1 FM radio station in the province and ranked #1 in the news FM segment, according to the latest KBP-RRC Kantar Media radio survey.
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The Matabele headed into the countryside armed with a variety of weapons, including: Martini-Henry rifles, Winchester repeaters, Lee-Metfords, assegais, knobkerries and battle-axes. As news of the massive rebellion spread, the Shona joined in the fighting, and the settlers headed towards Bulawayo. Within a week, 141 settlers were slain in Matabeleland, another 103 killed in Mashonaland, and hundreds of homes, ranches and mines were burned. A particularly tragic case occurred at the Insiza River where Mrs.
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A telecommunications network is a collection of transmitters, receivers, and communications channels that send messages to one another. Some digital communications networks contain one or more routers that work together to transmit information to the correct user. An analog communications network consists of one or more switches that establish a connection between two or more users. For both types of network, repeaters may be necessary to amplify or recreate the signal when it is being transmitted over long distances.
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The station broadcasts terrestrially via a network of repeaters throughout all of Greece and Cyprus. The antenna is led by Theodore Kyriakou. He served as Executive Vice President of the Antenna Group SA (from 1995) and as Chief Operating Officer (from September 1998) until his appointment in March 1999 as Chief Executive Officer, a position which he held until his appointment in January 2002 as Group Vice Chairman. Mr. Kyriakou has been a Director since September 1998.
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WIFM in Elkin is a full-time FM radio station. The county has three AM stations, WYZD in Dobson, as well as WSYD and WPAQ in Mount Airy, both of which operate also on 24-hour FM repeaters that cover most of the county. There are no broadcast television stations in Surry County. Surry County is part of the Piedmont Triad radio and television market but many broadcasts from the Charlotte market also can be received in Surry County.
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WCFE-TV signed on March 6, 1977 from its studios at SUNY Plattsburgh. In 1993, it rebranded itself as "Mountain Lake PBS" to reflect its growing viewership. From 1990 to 1996, WCFE-TV had a sister National Public Radio (NPR) station, WCFE-FM on 91.9. However, in a case of exceptionally bad timing, WCFE-FM signed on just as North Country Public Radio began building a number of satellites and repeaters in the WCFE-TV service area.
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Some of the technical categories on the contract include portable/mobile radios, control/base stations, software, upgrades, repeaters, routers, comparator systems, engineering, design, installations, maintenance, frequency managers, spectrum managers and test equipment. In May 2016 it was disclosed that Rivada Networks had partnered with Harris Corporation, Ericsson, Nokia, Intel Security, Fujitsu Network Communications, and Black & Veatch to form Rivada Mercury. Rivada Mercury unsuccessfully bid to build a nationwide LTE network in the 700 MHz spectrum licensed to FirstNet.
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Mount Wire formerly could be identified from other nearby mountains by its two passive microwave repeaters near the summit. These billboard like structures were used to bounce microwave signals over the mountain to the north-eastern parts of Utah. Mount Wire also houses an old airway beacon directly on the summit. An interesting man-made rock outcropping about halfway up the mountain looks like several lawn chairs in a row, and is a common rest stop for hikers.
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WOWD and its low-power network of repeaters aired 24-hour weather information direct from WOOD-TV's weather center. This was in an early pre- digital format comparable to the now defunct NBC Weather Plus. The weather programming aired from the mid-1990s until it switched to a general entertainment programming format a few years later. It featured graphic displays of various current conditions and forecasts as well as periodic forecast segments from WOOD-TV's meteorologists.
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This resulted in the evolution of radio from a commercial message service to the first mass communication medium, with the beginning of radio broadcasting around 1920. Triodes made transcontinental telephone service possible. Vacuum tube triode repeaters, invented at Bell Telephone after its purchase of the Audion rights, allowed telephone calls to travel beyond the unamplified limit of about 800 miles. The opening by Bell of the first transcontinental telephone line was celebrated 3 years later, on January 25, 1915.
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In Trinidad and Tobago, The Trinidad and Tobago Amateur Radio Society (T.T.A.R.S), the officially recognized body for amateur radio in Trinidad and Tobago, manages the emergency communications arm of the group often referred to as EmComms. EmComms have, in the past, not only been active in Trinidad and Tobago, but throughout the Caribbean. The Office of Disaster Preparedness Management (ODPM) is actively involved in amateur radio and maintains an active amateur radio station and five repeaters.
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CSMA/CD is a modification of pure carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA). CSMA/CD is used to improve CSMA performance by terminating transmission as soon as a collision is detected, thus shortening the time required before a retry can be attempted. With the growing popularity of Ethernet switches in the 1990s, IEEE 802.3 deprecated Ethernet repeaters in 2011,IEEE 802.3-2012 Clauses 9, 27, 41 making CSMA/CD and half-duplex operation less common and less important.
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If direct communication is required, the engineer of the first-in engine will relay all messages directly to the dispatch center via the 4-meter radio on the engine. However, a dispatch center can monitor and if necessary respond on a (non-)repeatered 2-metre tactical channel. In most cases, German tactical channels are not used with a repeater. In bigger areas, there is usually a number of relay stations/repeaters in place which repeat the signal, giving it more range and quality.
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WRVO Public Media is a non-profit public radio network in Oswego, New York licensed to the State University of New York at Oswego, operating from studios in the Penfield Library on the SUNY Oswego campus. Its multi-station network serves more than 20 counties in central and northern New York from flagship WRVO in Oswego, repeaters WRVD in Syracuse, WRVH in Clayton WRVN in Utica and WRVJ in Watertown. Low-power translators serve Geneva, Hamilton, Ithaca, Norwich and Watertown.
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Since the rebranding of the TQS network to V, on August 31, 2009, V's three owned and operated stations (O&Os;) outside Montreal and Quebec City have dropped all non-network programming and become de facto repeaters of flagship CFJP-DT in Montreal. Unlike O&O; stations, non-owned affiliates of the network, such as CFGS-DT in Gatineau/Ottawa, CJPC-DT in Rimouski, CFTF-DT in Rivière-du-Loup and CFVS-DT in Val-d'Or/Rouyn-Noranda, continue to broadcast local programming.
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Mobile services, such as SiriusXM, and Worldspace, allow listeners to roam across an entire continent, listening to the same audio programming anywhere they go. Other services, such as Music Choice or Muzak's satellite-delivered content, require a fixed- location receiver and a dish antenna. In all cases, the antenna must have a clear view to the satellites. In areas where tall buildings, bridges, or even parking garages obscure the signal, repeaters can be placed to make the signal available to listeners.
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The pairs operate independently of each other, including having their own power supply, allowing for redundancy should one fall out. The repeaters have an estimated lifetime of twenty-five years. The cables are equipped with an ocean ground protection panel to provide isolation and thus hinder damage from lightning. If it is necessary to pick up the cables, the power feed equipment can send a 4 to 5 hertz sine wave through the high-voltage output, which can be detected on the seabed.
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The HDCP repeater bit is a part of the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection specification and applies to intermediate devices (HDCP Repeaters) between the Source device and the Presentation device. For example, a Blu-ray connected by HDMI to an AV Receiver which in turn connected to a TV using HDMI makes the AV Receiver an HDCP Repeater. The AV Receiver reports to the Transmitter whether it is a Repeater or a Receiver (no downstream devices) using the REPEATER bit.
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Water filling algorithm is a general name given to the ideas in communication systems design and practice for equalization strategies on communications channels. As the name suggests, just as water finds its level even when filled in one part of a vessel with multiple openings, as a consequence of Pascal's law, the amplifier systems in communications network repeaters, or receivers amplify each channel up to the required power level compensating for the channel impairments. See, for example, channel power allocation in MIMO systems.
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If the radios are used mainly inside buildings, then UHF is likely the best solution since its shorter wavelength travels through small openings in the building better. There are also repeaters that can be installed that can relay any frequencies signal (VHF or UHF) to increase the communication distance. There are more available channels with UHF. Since the range of UHF is also not as far as VHF under most conditions, there is less chance of distant radios interfering with the signal.
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Most amateurs operating on 70 cm use either equipment purpose built for ham radio, or commercial equipment designed for nearby land mobile frequencies. Amateurs predominately use the band for FM or digital voice communications through repeaters (useful for emergency communications), as well narrow band modes (analog and digital) for long distance communications (called "DX", including Moonbounce). The band is also popular for Amateur Satellite Service. Due to its size, it's the lowest frequency ham band which can support amateur television transmissions.
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Beartooth Communications Company was granted an original construction permit on December 12, 1997 to build a full-service television station to serve Lewistown and surrounding areas in central Montana. On January 3, 2001, KBAO channel 13 signed on as a satellite of KTVH, and as Lewistown's first television station; it was licensed on July 18, 2001. The station expanded its reach when the four translator television stations serving Phillips County in northern Montana became repeaters for KBAO. KBAO went silent January 25, 2008.
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Individual body parts can also be targeted to take targets down without killing them. When the player shoots an enemy, the game's AI reactions and movements depend on where they were hit. Weapons consist of pistols, revolvers, repeaters, rifles, shotguns, bows, explosives, lassos, mounted Gatling guns, and melee weapons such as knives and tomahawks. Red Dead Redemption 2 brings back the trademark mechanic in the franchise: Dead Eye, a targeting system that allows the player to slow down time and mark targets.
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The club owns and operates two amateur radio repeaters from a location in Paddington operating under the call sign VK2ROT. On the 2 metre band the repeater operates on 147.025 MHz FM output / 147.625 MHz input using a 91.5 Hz CTCSS tone while on 70 cm the repeater is assigned to 438.575 MHz FM output / 433.575 MHz input using a 91.5 Hz CTCSS tone. The 70 cm repeater works with both analogue and P25 transmissions and has access to Echolink and IRLP.
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Buena Vida Broadcasting's stations The network, KLMV, and the repeaters are owned and operated by J. B. Salazar. In July 2012, KLMV started broadcasting on subchannel 15.3 a local general programming channel called Televida Laredo. Potential viewership is about 600,000. In February 2011, KLMV stopped transmitting analog signal on channel 68 and started transmitting digitally on channel 15.1. In late December 2012, KLMV announced that it would start broadcasting TeLe-Romantica programming on subchannel 15.2 in the first quarter of 2013.
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A number of signalling alterations were required, chiefly facing point locks and signal repeaters; in addition the Company had no passenger rolling stock yet. A reinspection on 13 August also resulted in refusal, but passenger operation was at last started on 23 September 1875. The service ran from Lydney to , with Upper Lydbrook, , added to the list of main line stations. The early passenger service consisted of two trains a day throughout from Lydney to Lydbrook and two from Lydney to Coleford.
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On June 13, 2012, the Federal Communications Commission announced that all licenses associated with Great Lakes Community Broadcasting, including WJKQ, has been cancelled, due to false claims that the group built a series of stations and repeaters. The cancellation of WJKQ's license has been retroactive to June 5, 2005. With this cancellation order, the FCC orders Great Lakes Community Broadcasting to cease operations of all its stations immediately.FCC document: Letter of cancellation decision to James McCluskey, Ph.D., Great Lakes Community Broadcasting, Inc.
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Access 31 (call sign ATW-31) was a free-to-air community television station based in Perth, Western Australia which operated between 1999 and 2008 before closing due to insolvency. The station had broadcast on UHF 31 from NEW's television mast at Carmel in the Perth Hills. It was also available at certain times on the Westlink Network, which at the time, was broadcast via the Optus Aurora satellite service and some analog terrestrial repeaters which included the city of Albany.
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CBCT-DT, virtual and VHF digital channel 13, is a CBC Television owned-and- operated station licensed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. The station is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. CBCT-DT's studios are located on University Avenue in Charlottetown, and its transmitter is located on Route 1 near Bonshaw. It is the only full-fledged television station based in Prince Edward Island; all other television service in the province is provided by repeaters of stations from New Brunswick.
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Deported Mexicans sometimes faced extreme conditions in their country; 88 deported workers died in the heat in July 1955. Another issue was repeated illegal border crossings by those who had been previously deported; from 1960 through 1961, repeaters accounted for 20% of the total deportees. Certain U.S. Border Patrol agents practiced shaving heads to mark repeat offenders who might attempt to reenter the United States. There were also reports of beating and jailing chronically offending illegal immigrants before deporting them.
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He was said to be one of the "most knowledgeable people in the department" about radio communication in high-rise fires, and authored a training article for the department on how to use repeaters to boost radio reception during such emergencies. Palmer was also published in a number of nationally distributed firefighting magazines as well as the internal FDNY newsletter. He also taught FDNY promotional classes at night while working toward his own bachelor's degree in Fire Engineering from John Jay College.
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Other rifles included the Martini-Henry and the Snider-Enfield. Only a few had repeaters like the Winchester or the Swiss Vetterli. As hunters they had learned to fire from cover, from a prone position and to make the first shot count, knowing that if they missed, in the time it took to reload, the game would be long gone. At community gatherings, they often held target shooting competitions using targets such as hens' eggs perched on posts over 100 yards away.
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Mirror-mounted turn signal In most countries, cars must be equipped with side-mounted turn signal repeaters to make the turn indication visible laterally (i.e. to the sides of the vehicle) rather than just to the front and rear of the vehicle. These are permitted, but not required in the United States. As an alternative in both the United States and Canada, the front amber side marker lights may be wired to flash with the turn signals, but this is not mandatory.
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Chetwynd's community television station, CHET-TV channel 55, began broadcasting on 8 March 2000, in a ceremony attended by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson. The Chetwynd Communications Society also owns a series of low-powered repeaters that rebroadcasts selected Canadian and American stations via satellite. In addition, Chetwynd is served by CBUZ-FM 93.5, repeating CBC Radio One station CBYG-FM from Prince George. Two periodicals covered local news: the weekly newspaper Chetwynd Echo and the biweekly newsletter Coffee Talk Express.
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Sections of road subject to the national or in-town speed limit only require limit marker signs at the start of a section, without repeaters, provided street lights are or are not present as appropriate. Speed limits of 5 mph, 20 mph, 30 mph, 40 mph, 50 mph and 60 mph are also used on roads in the UK where it is deemed that the national or in-town speed limit is inappropriate, with repeater signs posted at regular intervals.
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In addition, new paneling was added to the walls surrounding the field. In 2014, the east end-zone scoreboard was updated to include a digital screen, the addition of 150 flat screen monitors throughout the concessions areas, additional culinary options in the form of food trucks on the north side of the stadium, increased cell phone repeaters and an upgrade to the sound system. Additionally, the sideline wall graphics were updated from the new panels installed in the 2010 season.
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WDS also requires that every base station be configured to forward to others in the system as mentioned above. WDS capability may also be referred to as repeater mode because it appears to bridge and accept wireless clients at the same time (unlike traditional bridging). Throughput in this method is halved for all clients connected wirelessly. When it is difficult to connect all of the access points in a network by wires, it is also possible to put up access points as repeaters.
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Russia was among the first countries to introduce radio and television. Due to the enormous size of the country Russia leads in the number of TV broadcast stations and repeaters. There were few channels in the Soviet time, but in the past two decades many new state-run and private-owned radio stations and TV channels appeared. In 2005 a state-run English language Russia Today TV started broadcasting, and its Arabic version Rusiya Al-Yaum was launched in 2007.
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Baloo projects that the most exciting development in quantum communication will be beyond the current point-to-point into many-to-many, on demand, instantly. This requires quantum repeaters and other architecture in a managed service, which Baloo predicts could be achieved in 5–10 years' time. Baloo is interested in the future of cyber security and how quantum computing may impact privacy. She is an expert in network architecture, security weaknesses in mobile and voice-over-IP, cyrotography, and quantum communication networks.
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He has served as chairman of the Dr. Herbert and Nicole Wertheim Family Foundation since 1977. It has supported hundreds of local and international educational, cultural, sporting and health care organizations around the world with millions of dollars in financial aid and grants. In 1987 the Foundation was the founding benefactor of the Koala and Asian River Otter projects at Miami MetroZoo. It funded the building of the public radio station in Vail, Colorado and educational TV repeaters in the Vail Valley.
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It uses the same twisted pair copper wire that analog trunks used, employing one pair for transmitting, and another pair for receiving. Signal repeaters may be used for extended distance requirements. Before the digital T-carrier system, carrier wave systems such as 12-channel carrier systems worked by frequency division multiplexing; each call was an analog signal. A T1 trunk could transmit 24 telephone calls at a time, because it used a digital carrier signal called Digital Signal 1 (DS-1).
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This results in nearly constant attenuation with frequency over two successive repeater sections, and eliminates the need for large slope equalization and adjustments. Singing and crosstalk are minimized because the high-level output of a repeater is at a different frequency than the low-level input to other repeaters. It also diminishes group delay distortion. A repeater that receives on the high band from both direction and sends on the low band is called Hi-Lo; the other kind Lo-Hi.
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Cross-band repeaters are sometimes a part of government trunked radio systems. If one community is on a trunked system and the neighboring community is on a conventional system, a talk group or agency-fleet-subfleet may be designated to communicate with the other community. In an example where the community is on 153.755 MHz, transmitting on the trunked system talk group would repeat on 153.755 MHz. Signals received by a base station on 153.755 MHz would go over the trunked system on an assigned talk group.
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Channel 3 holds an affiliation with Artear's El Trece and primarily airs its national programs. However, it also is involved in the production of local news and other programs. The local news on El Tres tends to focus specifically on the Rosario metropolitan area, with little if any coverage of southern Santa Fe province or the cities where repeaters are located. Local programs include Antes de salir, a morning show, De 12 a 14 at midday and a local version of Telenoche aired at night.
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In 1985 developed Supercanal SA with more than 500,000 subscribers in 17 provinces. In 1993 he founded his first day in Mendoza, which he called Journal UNO. It was followed by buying “The Capital” of Rosario, UNO Entre Ríos and Santa Fe. The Group also has radios AM and FM, being emblematic Radio Network, with repeaters throughout the country and national television. “America” is a TV channel that is distributed throughout the country and abroad, and “A24” is a news cable signal nationally distributed.
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The landing site at Hotellneset Landing station in Hotellneset The Svalbard Undersea Cable System is a twin submarine communications cable which connects Svalbard to the mainland of Norway. The two optical fiber cable consist of two segments, from Harstad to Breivika in Andøy, and from Breivika to Hotellneset near Longyearbyen in Svalbard. The segments from Harstad to Breivika are long, respectively, and the segments from Breivika to Hotellneset . Each consists of eight fiber pairs and there are twenty optical communications repeaters on each segment.
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An n-port ideal conference network exists if and only if there exists a conference matrix of order n. For instance, a 3-port conference network can be constructed with the well-known hybrid transformer circuit used for 2-wire to 4-wire conversion in telephone handsets and line repeaters. However, there is no order 3 conference matrix and this circuit does not produce an ideal conference network. A resistance is needed for matching which dissipates signal, or else signal is lost through mismatch.
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Two pistols using the Kalthoff system are held at the National Museum of Denmark, but it can not be confirmed that these are the pistols mentioned. In Germany, wheellock repeaters were made by an individual referred to as the 'Master of Gottorp' (who was likely a gunsmith named Heinrich Habrecht). Two wheellock magazine guns, made circa 1645 and 1650 respectively, are attributed to Habrecht. These guns use a different breech system; the breech is quarter- cylindrical, and rotates at an axis parallel to the bore.
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Many of the stations, especially those that relayed XHIMT, operated under non-commercial licenses, known as permits (permisos) in Mexican parlance. These had to be converted into commercial licenses, or concessions, to allow their sale, with the concessionaires being a series of state-owned businesses, the largest of which was called Televisión Azteca. Eventually, two national networks were put on the auction block: a network headed by XHDF, with 90 repeaters, and a network led by XHIMT, with 78. The latter network was sold in regional blocks.
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Unlike repeaters, they are not usually open to all amateur radio operators. A remote base is one type of station where the primary control point is not at the station location. When using a radio link, remotely controlling an auxiliary base station consists of sending the primary signal (voice or data) along with some form of control signal, such as DTMF tones, to another station to change its operating parameters i.e. turn it on or off, change frequency or transmitter power level, rotate the antenna, etc.
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NASA TV (originally NASA Select) is the television service of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It is broadcast by satellite with a simulcast over the Internet. Local cable television providers across the United States and amateur television repeaters may carry NASA TV at their own discretion, as NASA-created content is considered a work of the U.S. government and is within the public domain. NASA TV is also available via various cable, satellite, and over-the-top media services around the world.
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When the sequence is exhausted, another letter is added. This has already happened for translator on channels 7 and 13 in K territory; what is now KMNF-LD was assigned callsign K13AAR-D in September 2018 and K07AAH-D in May 2019. Numbered translator stations (a format such as W70ZZ) are typically low-power repeaters – often 100 watts (or less) on FM and 1,000 watts (or less) on television. The former translator band, UHF television channels 70 through 83, was originally occupied primarily by low-powered translators.
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The use of a bipolar code prevents a significant build-up of DC, as the positive and negative pulses average to zero volts. Little or no DC-component is considered an advantage because the cable may then be used for longer distances and to carry power for intermediate equipment such as line repeaters."T1 Fundamentals", Revision 1.0, dated 23 January 1997, by Digital Link, retrieved on 25 January 2007 The DC- component can be easily and cheaply removed before the signal reaches the decoding circuitry.
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Also, he was at sea after a five-year break in sea command duty. Carroll had directed that the aviation assessment personnel aboard the cruiser be returned to shore in a small boat just before the grounding occurred. The report found that the ship's fathometer, which measures water depth, was broken, as well as both radar repeaters on the cruiser's bridge. Some time before the grounding, the ship switched navigation systems from a Global Positioning System, called the Voyage Management System, to a gyroscope.
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Continuous tone coded squelch system (CTCSS) allows a group of radios set with the same tone to converse on a channel without hearing other radios using that channel. CTCSS can be used to silence a radio until another radio with the same tone transmits. This allows monitoring of a channel for transmissions from radios set with the same tone without hearing other conversations that use different or even no tone. The use of CTCSS is not permitted on UHF CB repeaters or the designated emergency channels.
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The HDCP Repeater bit controls the authentication and switching/distribution of an HDMI signal. According to HDCP Specification 1.2 (beginning with HDMI CTS 1.3a), any system that implements HDCP must do so in a fully compliant manner. HDCP testing that was previously only a requirement for optional tests such as the "Simplay HD" testing program is now part of the requirements for HDMI compliance. HDCP accommodates up to 127 connected devices with up to 7 levels, using a combination of sources, sinks and repeaters.
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1964 When Frank B. Jewett was looking for someone to work on repeaters for transcontinental telephony, Arnold was suggested by Millikan. Arnold worked at the University of Chicago from 1907 to 1909 and served as a professor at Mount Allison University, from 1909-1910 and then at University of Chicago (1910). In 1911 he joined the Western Electric Company under Edwin H. Colpitts. His earliest work was in the development of a vacuum- tube based amplifiers beginning with improvements to Lee De Forest's triode “audion”.
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Morelos operates a public television station, XHCMO-TV Channel 3 in Cuernavaca, with a repeater, XHMZE-TV channel 22 in Zacatepec. Cuernavaca also has five other terrestrial television stations available, some local and others repeaters of Mexico City-based stations. Newspapers of Morelos include: Diario de Morelos, El Regional del Sur, El Sol de Cuautla, El Sol de Cuernavaca, La Jornada de Morelos, La Unión de Morelos, and Unomásuno Morelos. Morelos is the most-connected state in terms of roadways, with highways connecting all of its communities.
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This is a similar mechanism to the production of high-energy photons in megavoltage radiation therapy machines (see bremsstrahlung). Inverse Compton scattering, in which charged particles (usually electrons) impart energy to low-energy photons boosting them to higher energy photons. Such impacts of photons on relativistic charged particle beams is another possible mechanism of gamma ray production. Neutron stars with a very high magnetic field (magnetars), thought to produce astronomical soft gamma repeaters, are another relatively long-lived star- powered source of gamma radiation.
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No repeaters are foreseen since vehicles in between can have discharged batteries. A unique property of the WTB is the train inauguration (Zugtaufe) in which the newly connected vehicles receive an address in sequence and can identify the vehicle side (called port and starboard like in the marine) so that doors open on the correct side. Up to 32 addresses can be dynamically allocated. When two train compositions join, the addresses are reallocated to form a new composition of vehicles with a sequential address.
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A new General Manager, Shelly Markoff, took control of operations. In 2000, the United Communications Corporation (then-owner of WWNY) entered into an agreement with Smith Broadcasting to make WWTI's repeaters (W28BC and W25AB) separate full-time Fox affiliates known together as WNYF. After a year of joint operation, United Communications took complete ownership of the two stations. The Ackerley Group purchased WWTI in 2000, reuniting channel 50 with former parent WUTR, at which point David Males, then General Sales Manager, was promoted to General Manager.
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Over-the-air, CBET can be received in Cleveland and Toledo, Ohio with a really strong and reliable rooftop and/or indoor antenna. The station was also listed in some TV Guide editions in northern Ohio. Prior to July 31, 2012, CBET was the only CBC-owned station not to have any repeaters; transmitters in Sarnia and Chatham rebroadcast CBLT instead. CBET is carried on cable providers in Detroit, as well as on in much of Southeast Michigan, as far away as Flint and East Lansing.
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The cable has 24 fibre-optic strands with no intermediate repeaters and provides a communications cable between the South Island and the North Island that is physically diverse from the existing Cook Strait communications cables. The terminal stations are located at Nelson and Levin.Information contained on an information panel up Sentinel Hill south of Cable Bay In August 2014 the name of the bay officially became Rotokura / Cable Bay, following the Treaty of Waitangi settlement between the Crown and Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Ihu.
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Canal 13 is a regional broadcasting network operating in parts of Mexico, a division of . Its largest subsidiary, Telsusa Televisión México, S.A. de C.V., holds the concessions for 12 TV stations, primarily in southeastern Mexico, obtained in the IFT-6 television station auction of 2017. The Canal 13 network also includes full-fledged TV stations in Villahermosa, San Cristóbal de las Casas—Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Tapachula, as well as their repeaters, and an additional station in Michoacán. All Canal 13 stations are assigned virtual channel 13.
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A four-speed gearbox with floor change fitted as standard; the 1300 would remain the only Giulia model not fitted with a five-speed gearbox. Braking was by discs all around, without a servo at first, later with a servo. Visually the 1300 was distinguished by a new grille design housing single instead of twin head lamps, rectangular side repeaters without ornamentation, and all-metal hubcaps. It also did without bumper over-riders, most pieces of exterior chrome trim, and rear back-up lamps.
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Amateur radio operators attached to New York City ARES provided a backup communications link to emergency shelters and hospitals. Amateur radio repeaters were supplied with emergency power and remained functional. Many major U.S. networks (CBS, NBC, ABC, and FOX) and some cable TV networks (such as HBO, MTV, and Nickelodeon) were unable to broadcast because of the lack of electricity in the New York City area, but back-up stations in Dallas and flagship transmitters there made it possible for prime- time television to be broadcast.
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Also in the 1970s, the station launched an FM sister station, XHRED-FM 88.1. Monitor grew to have four daily editions (morning, noon, evening and midnight) and became Mexico City's top-rated radio newscast by the late 1980s. In 1994, RPM/Radiodifusora Red—which, by this point, had grown to include XERED-AM, XHRED-FM, and XHRCA-FM 91.3 in Mexico City, as well as Radio Red repeaters in Guadalajara (XEDKR-AM 700) and Monterrey (XESTN-AM 1540), was sold to Grupo Radio Centro.
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Routers and other higher-layer devices form boundaries between broadcast domains. The notion of broadcast domain should be contrasted with that of collision domain, which would be all nodes on the same set of inter-connected repeaters, divided by switches and learning bridges. Collision domains are generally smaller than, and contained within, broadcast domains. While some layer two network devices are able to divide the collision domains, broadcast domains are only divided by layer 3 network devices such as routers or layer 3 switches.
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First is the great range it has (without repeaters) because of its amplitude modulation (i.e. AM). Second is the ability to contact, inform and be informed directly by other aircraft pilots of their intentions thereby improving collision avoidance and increasing safety. Third is to allow greater liberty regarding distance flights in regulated airspaces, in which the aircraft radio is normally a legal requirement. Fourth is the universal emergency frequency monitored by all other users and satellites and used in case of emergency or impending emergency.
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When W47DL converted to digital, the PSIP didn't show as the former physical channel 66, but as the new physical channel 47. Neither Comcast Detroit, Bright House Livonia nor Cogeco Windsor had W47DL-D in their line-ups, though both systems offered the national TBN feed, seen part-time on Comcast channel 70 from 2 pm to 2 am, and shared with The Inspiration Network and full-time on digital channel 290, as well as on Bright House digital channel 116. Some TBN repeaters, including W47DL-D, use Dish Network equipment to pick up the signal off of Dish Network's satellites, instead of a free-to-air source. This occasionally led to technical problems: for about 10 days following June 12, 2009, W66BV broadcast an error screen informing viewers that a new smart card was needed to view the station, and to contact Dish Network. On Monday, June 22, the problem was resolved and the TBN feed returned to W66BV. In 2010, following financial problems that led to the closedown and sale of many of its repeaters to other parties, W47DL-D was one of the few TBN translators that remained in service under TBN ownership.
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Services provided by a repeater may include an autopatch connection to a POTS/PSTN telephone line to allow users to make telephone calls from their keypad-equipped radios. These advanced services may be limited to members of the group or club that maintains the repeater. Many amateur radio repeaters typically have a tone access control (CTCSS, also called CG or PL tone) implemented to prevent them from being keyed-up (operated) accidentally by interference from other radio signals. A few use a digital code system called DCS, DCG or DPL (a Motorola trademark).
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Since the repeater must transmit at the same time as the signal is being received, and may even use the same antenna for both transmitting and receiving, frequency-selective filters are required to prevent the receiver from being overloaded by the transmitted signal. Some repeaters use two different frequency bands to provide isolation between input and output or as a convenience. In a communications satellite, a transponder serves a similar function, but the transponder does not necessarily demodulate the relayed signals. iDEN digital trunked system repeater at a cell site.
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In conventional government systems, cross band repeaters are sometimes used to connect two agencies who use radio systems on different bands. For example, a fire department in Colorado was on a 46 MHz channel while a police department was on a 154 MHz channel, they built a cross-band repeater to allow communication between the two agencies. If one of the systems is simplex, the repeater must have logic preventing transmitter keying in both directions at the same time. Voting comparators with a transmitter keying matrix are sometimes used to connect incompatible base stations.
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However, PALplus reaching audiences is a different story. PALplus is not preserved when content is distributed via NOVA, due to heavy MPEG encoding since WSS signaling and additional information embedded in PALplus are seriously degraded to the extent that renders them no longer decodable. As some of the repeaters of ERT's channels are fed via OTE (Greek public telecom provider) in uncompressed form over terrestrial links, and others are fed via NOVA (Greece's only satellite platform) it depends on each repeater's feed source whether the content terrestrially broadcast (VHF - UHF) is PALplus or not.
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WCRO was sold in February 1991 from Tschudy Communications to J. Richard Lee, who formed the Eagle Radio Network, making WCRO its flagship station. Lee had purchased two other AM stations north of Johnstown that had recently gone dark and their studios vacated and assets liquidated through bankruptcy proceedings. Because those stations, WNCC and WRDD, no longer had separate studio buildings or facilities of their own other than their tower sites, they became repeaters for WCRO. WCRO and Eagle Radio Network operations then moved to 616 Main Street.
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DMR Tier I products are for licence-free use in the European PMR446 band. Tier I products are specified for non- infrastructure use only (meaning without the use of repeaters). This part of the standard provides for consumer applications and low-power commercial applications, using a maximum of 0.5 watt RF power. Note that a licence free allocation is not present at this frequency outside of Europe, which means that PMR446 radios including DMR Tier I radios can only be used legally in other countries once an appropriate radio licence is obtained by the operator.
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On July 15, 2011, the FCC issued an order to low-power broadcasters that effectively requires all remaining television transmitters to vacate channels 52 to 69 by December 31, 2011. In that same order, the FCC effectively required all remaining analog transmitters to have shut down by March 29, 2016. Unlike AM and FM, unlicensed use of television bands is prohibited for broadcasting. The amateur television channels do allow for some very limited non-entertainment transmissions however, with some repeaters airing NASA TV during Space Shuttle missions when they are not in local use.
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GMRS radios are typically handheld portable devices much like Family Radio Service (FRS) radios, and they share a frequency band with FRS near 462 and 467 MHz. Mobile and base station-style radios are available as well, but these are normally commercial UHF radios as often used in the public service and commercial land mobile bands. These are legal for use in this service as long as they are certified for GMRS under USC 47 Part 95. GMRS licensees are allowed to establish repeaters to extend their communications range.
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In Canada, hand-held GMRS radios up to 2 watts have been approved for use without a license since September 2004. Typically these are dual FRS and GMRS units, with fixed antennas, and operating at 2 watts on some GMRS channels and 0.5 watts on the FRS-only channels. Mobile units (permanently mounted in vehicles), base stations and repeaters are not currently permitted on the GMRS channels in Canada. Other countries have licensed and unlicensed personal radio services with somewhat similar characteristics, but technical details and operating conditions vary according to national rules.
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Wired systems also have the advantage, if wired properly for example by dual loop, of being tamper- evident. Wireless systems, on the other hand, often use battery-powered transmitters which are easier to install and have less expensive start-up costs, but may fail if the batteries are not maintained. Depending on distance and construction materials, one or more wireless repeaters may be required to bring the signal to the alarm panel reliably. A wireless system can be moved to a new home easily, an advantage for those who rent or who move frequently.
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Astronomer Chryssa Kouveliotou of the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center decided to test the theory that soft gamma repeaters were magnetars. According to the theory, the bursts would cause the object to slow down its rotation. In 1998, she made careful comparisons of the periodicity of soft gamma repeater SGR 1806-20. The period had increased by 0.008 seconds since 1993, and she calculated that this would be explained by a magnetar with a magnetic-field strength of 8×1010 teslas (8×1014 gauss).
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This was enough to convince the international astronomical community that soft gamma repeaters are indeed magnetars. An unusually spectacular soft gamma repeater burst was SGR 1900+14 observed on August 27, 1998. Despite the large distance to this SGR, estimated at 20,000 light years, the burst had large effects on the Earth's atmosphere. The atoms in the ionosphere, which are usually ionized by the Sun's radiation by day and recombine to neutral atoms by night, were ionized at nighttime at levels not much lower than the normal daytime level.
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Though not offering weekly or monthly coverage, the New York- based bilingual France-Amérique magazine writes periodic news stories on Francophone community events and institutions in New England. With the exception of Francophone group publications such as the newsletter of Boston Accueil, no regular French periodicals are extant within New England today. In other mediums the language is rarely found, with the exception of Canadian French AM repeaters of Radio-Canada from Quebec, and an online forum maintained by the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, "Bienvenue à Boston".
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Various operative structures, plans and systems have been set up to prepare responses to volcanic activity within the urban areas, mainly coordinated in the 'Auckland Volcanic Field Contingency Plan' of the Auckland Regional Council, which provides a framework for interaction of civil defence and emergency services during an eruption. Auckland also has a seismic monitoring network comprising six seismometers—including one deep at Riverhead—and three repeaters within the region that will detect the small tremors likely to precede any volcanic activity.New recorder boosts earthquake, volcano warnings, The New Zealand Herald, NZPA, 11 May 2008.
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Amateur radio operators have access to amateur satellites, which have been designed specifically to carry amateur radio traffic. Most such satellites operate as spaceborne repeaters, and are generally accessed by amateurs equipped with UHF or VHF radio equipment and highly directional antennas such as Yagis or dish antennas. Due to launch costs, most current amateur satellites are launched into fairly low Earth orbits, and are designed to deal with only a limited number of brief contacts at any given time. Some satellites also provide data-forwarding services using the X.25 or similar protocols.
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On July 24, 2007, Montecito announced that it would sell all of its stations (KSNT, KSNW and its satellites, as well as KHON-TV and KOIN) to New Vision Television. The sale closed on November 1 of that year. Subsequently, on July 7, 2008, New Vision Television announced its intention to buy Fox affiliate KTMJ-CA (channel 43) and its repeaters—KTLJ-CA (channel 6) in Junction City, KMJT-LP (channel 15) in Ogden and KETM-LP (channel 17) in Emporia—from Montgomery Communications. The purchase was completed on September 1.
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K31BW is a low-power television station licensed to Manhattan, Kansas. It was previously a repeater that broadcasts programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network, via satellite; in recent years, due to TBN's financial problems, many of its repeaters were sold to other parties, including K31BW, which was sold to Luken Communications, the parent company of Retro Television Network, under the licensee name "Digital Networks - Midwest".FCC application: "Notification of Suspension of Operations / Request for Silent STA" for W19CX The station broadcasts on UHF channel 31, with no current digital channel.
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One start code, one house code, and one function code is known as an X10 frame and represent the minimum components of a valid X10 data packet. Each frame is sent twice in succession to make sure the receivers understand it over any power line noise for purposes of redundancy, reliability, and to accommodate line repeaters. After allowing for retransmission, line control, etc., data rates are around 20 bit/s, making X10 data transmission so slow that the technology is confined to turning devices on and off or other very simple operations.
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W18BT is a low-power television station licensed to Alpena, Michigan. It used to be a repeater that broadcasts programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN), via satellite. Because of TBN's financial problems, many of its repeaters were sold to other parties, including W18BT, which was sold to Luken Communications, the parent company of Retro Television Network, under the licensee name "Digital Networks - Midwest".FCC application: "Notification of Suspension of Operations / Request for Silent STA" for W19CX The station broadcasts on UHF channel 18, with no digital channel.
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An auxiliary station, most often used for repeater control or link purposes or to remotely control another station, is limited in the United States to operation on frequencies above 144.5 MHz excluding 144.0–144.5 MHz, 145.8–146.0 MHz, 219–220 MHz, 222.00–222.15 MHz, 431–433 MHz, and 435–438 MHz. Operation of such control links in the crowded 2-meter band is problematic and on many frequencies in that band expressly prohibited, leaving 1.25-meter band frequencies as the lowest available for remote control of repeaters and unattended stations.
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Unless a distant signal, distant signal repeater or main signal is visible, the train driver treats this signal as "Vr0 or Ks2: Expect Stop". Every distant signal is mounted with a Ne2 plate to mark their position (if this plate was not fitted, the driver would not know if he had passed the distant signal or not when showing aspect Vr1, since in this position it is practically invisible). Distant signal repeaters or distant signals mounted in combination with a main signal do not have a Ne2 plate.
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In 1648, after Frederik III succeeded his father, he ordered that the Scanian Guard be equipped with Kalthoff repeaters. This order was fulfilled by Peter and Mathias Kalthoff (and possibly a few other gunsmiths), and the guns were issued in 1657. The Guards received about a hundred guns (some of the surviving guns are numbered via an engraving on the stock, 108 and 110 being the highest), and they are thought to have been used in the Siege of Copenhagen (1658–59) and the Scanian War. By 1696 the guns had been removed from service.
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Its broadcast licence area covered all of southern Tasmania, these areas being reached by various repeaters and retransmitters. It continued to broadcast as TVT-6 until 1982, where it was bought by ENT, owner of Launceston station TNT-9. Both stations began broadcasting under the unified on-air identity of TasTV by 1985, thus becoming for the first time a statewide network. ENT also owned Vic TV in regional Victoria. In 1988, TNT-9 was sold to Tricom Corporation (later Southern Cross Broadcasting), leaving TVT-6 continuing to service the south as TasTV.
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Introduced during the 2005 refresh of the Ford Escape, the Mercury Mariner was positioned above both it and the Mazda Tribute in the compact sport utility vehicle group. It also includes stylistic differences, such as a two-tone interior, turn signal repeaters borrowed from the European-market Ford Maverick, monotone cladding, and the signature Mercury "waterfall" front grille. Unlike its counterparts, a manual transmission was not part of the powertrain lineup. The Mariner was the first Mercury with a four-cylinder since the Mercury Cougar was dropped in 2002.
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In 1985, Imevisión desired to add a VHF station in Mexico City, which became XHIMT-TV channel 7. In order to accomplish this, a complex channel swap was conducted involving XHTM and Televisa's relay stations at Altzomoni in the State of Mexico. XEX-TV, then on channel 7, was moved to 8, and XEQ-TV, then on 9, was moved to channel 10. As part of the move, Televisa moved the XEQ-TV callsign to Mexico City, so the two repeaters on Puebla became XEX-TV and XHTM-TV.
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The late 1980s also saw a unique split between XHGC and XEX-TV on Altzomoni, the other Canal 5 station receivable in Mexico City. The network began its broadcast day at 7 am in Mexico City, but at 4 pm in the rest of Mexico. The daytime hours on XEX (and some other Canal 5 repeaters) were filled by "TV Matutina" (later known as "Supercadena 8" or Super Channel 8), which offered repeats of Canal 5 and other Televisa programs. In the 1990s, Canal 5 began branding with its channel number again.
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The 1.4 L CR4 engine complies with the Bharat Stage-IV norms. Variants of the car, with the Bharat Stage-III compliant TDI engine continued to be sold till 2012. The 1.2 L SOHC petrol engine was carried over, with an upgraded Bharat Stage-IV compliant catalytic converter. In 2012, Tata Motors introduced a high-end version of the car, the Indigo eCS VX, featuring anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electric brake-force distribution (EBD), electrically-adjustable outside rear-view mirrors (E-ORVMs), side repeaters mounted on the ORVMs, and 14-inch alloy wheels.
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Error correction can be used in quantum repeaters. Due to technological limitations, however, the applicability is limited to very short distances as quantum error correction schemes capable of protecting qubits over long distances would require an extremely large amount of qubits and hence extremely large quantum computers. Errors in communication can be broadly classified into two types: Loss errors (due to optical fiber/environment) and operation errors (such as depolarization, dephasing etc.). While redundancy can be used to detect and correct classical errors, redundant qubits cannot be created due to the no- cloning theorem.
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Yakshagana – a theatre art is often played in town hall Bengaluru is home to the Kannada film industry which churns out about 100 movies each year and is the fifth largest movie industry in India, in terms of revenue. The Kannada Movie Industry has spawned a different colloquial type variety altogether, commonly referred to as Bengaluru Kannada. Bengaluru is also known as the Ham Radio Capital of India because of the number of Amateur (Ham) Radio licence holders and their activities. Bengaluru has nearly twenty Amateur (Ham) Radio Clubs and four VHF Repeaters.
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That December, Equity Media Holdings filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection; offers by Luken Communications to acquire Equity-owned stations in six markets were later withdrawn. KUOK and its repeaters were sold at auction to Tyler Media on April 16, 2009, which created a duopoly with KTUZ-TV (which became an affiliate of Univision competitor Telemundo in 2005); this placed KUOK in the unique position of being the junior partner in a duopoly with a Telemundo affiliate, a rarity given that Univision is the longer established and higher rated nationally of the two networks.
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TTARS coordinates several activities related to Amateur Radio in Trinidad and Tobago on most popular amateur radio bands, including HF bands and the two meter band. TTARS holds an annual emergency exercise or Field Day which may or may not coincide with the IARU region 2 field day. Local radio amateurs operate from a sponsored campsite, usually, a beach house in a remote region in the North East of Trinidad called Toco and talk to other hams worldwide. TTARS operates three FM repeaters on the two meter VHF amateur band.
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The second net is the Hummingbird net and is held on 7.159 MHz LSB in the 40 meter band on Sunday mornings at 9AM local time or 1300 UTC. These repeaters are available for use in emergencies as listed by the U.S. Navy.Hurricane Plans and Preparation, Curacao, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The local Boy Scouts movement, in conjunction with TTARS participates in the worldwide annual Jamboree on the Air (JOTA) where scouts are given the opportunity to talk to Scouts in other parts of the world via amateur radio.
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Side repeater lenses were also added to the US version, but they were used as side marker lights and not turn signal repeaters. In the United States, parking lights were installed next to the headlights for MY 1990–1991 within dedicated corner lenses, then incorporated with the front turn signals from 1992 to current models. Parking lights for European, Australian and Japanese versions were incorporated inside the headlights, on the outer edge. All international versions of the Legacy utilize a dedicated parking light switch installed on top of the steering column until model year 2010.
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CANTAT-2: Completed in 1974 by the British General Post Office and Canadian Overseas Telecommunications Corporation (COTC). The cable with 489 repeaters linked Beaver Harbour, Canada with Widemouth Bay, England. The cable was withdrawn from service in 1992 but the Canadian end was rerouted to Sable Island and recommissioned as SITIFOG 2000 until it was abandoned after developing a fault. The work on the U.K. end of the cable involved an accident in which Pisces III, engaged in repeater burial of the newly laid cable on the shelf off Ireland, sank.
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Fiber-optics allow for fast data speeds and large bandwidth, they suffer relatively little attenuation, allowing them to cover long distances with few repeaters, and they are also immune to crosstalk and other forms of electromagnetic interference which plague electrical transmission. The real-time routing protocols and redundancy built into the backbone is also able to reroute traffic in case of a failure. The data rates of backbone lines have increased over time. In 1998, all of the United States' backbone networks had utilized the slowest data rate of 45 Mbit/s.
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The loco is equipped with digital notch repeaters. Newer locos also feature larger windshields, more spacious driver cabin with bucket seats and ergonomic controls. The control panel has a mix of digital and analog displays in newer units while the older units were mostly analog. Original units weighed 120 tonnes, which was later brought down to 112 tonnes through the usage of lighter material. Some of the WAP-1 and WAP-3 and all the WAP-6 units were rebuilt to WAP-4 specifications after replacing the bogies & electricals.
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WKSU (89.7 FM) - branded 89.7 WKSU - is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Kent, Ohio, and primarily serving the Akron metropolitan area. WKSU also reaches much of Greater Cleveland, and extends throughout Northeast Ohio with two low-power broadcast relay stations and four full-power repeaters. Owned by Kent State University, WKSU broadcasts a mix of public radio and classical music, and serves as the local affiliate for NPR, American Public Media, and Public Radio International. Besides a standard analog transmission, WKSU broadcasts over four HD Radio channels, and is available online.
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In 1987, Kulkarni obtained a position as faculty at the California Institute of Technology. According to his website, he has mentored 64 young scholars by the end of 2016. Kulkarni is known for making key discoveries that open new sub- fields within astronomy, using wide range of wavelength in observation. ADS shows that his papers cover following fields: (1) HI absorption studies of Milky Way Galaxy, (2) pulsars, millisecond pulsars, and globular cluster pulsars, (3) brown dwarfs and other sub-stellar objects, (4) soft gamma-ray repeaters, (5) gamma-ray bursts, and (6) optical transients.
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At the time, the Russian Army was in process of reequipping with the more modern but still single-shot Berdan rifle. It became clear at Plevna that it was already obsolete while it was introduced and that it was outclassed by the Turkish Winchester repeaters. Reports of the heavy losses suffered by the Russian Army at the hands of the Turks at Plevna prompted militaries across Europe to start re-equipping themselves with repeating rifles or finding a way to convert their existing single-shot rifles into magazine-fed weapons.
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An HDMI extender is a single device (or pair of devices) powered with an external power source or with the 5V DC from the HDMI source. Long cables can cause instability of HDCP and blinking on the screen, due to the weakened DDC signal that HDCP requires. HDCP DDC signals must be multiplexed with TMDS video signals to comply with HDCP requirements for HDMI extenders based on a single Category 5/Category 6 cable. Several companies offer amplifiers, equalizers and repeaters that can string several standard HDMI cables together.
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In 2003, the names New Brunswick Broadcasting and Acadia Broadcasting were replaced by a single new name, Acadia Broadcasting. In May 2007, Acadia Broadcasting Limited acquired three radio stations in northern Ontario: CKDR-FM in Dryden, CJRL-FM in Kenora, and CFOB-FM in Fort Frances. Through a series of repeaters, CKDR-FM in Dryden also serves six other northern communities: Sioux Lookout, Hudson, Ear Falls, Red Lake, Atikokan, and Ignace.Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2008-295 In January 2010, Acadia acquired CJUK-FM and CKTG-FM in Thunder Bay, Ontario from Newcap Radio.
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South Australia's parliament voted the funds approved on 4 November 1874, allowing the work to commence. The two lines met at Eucla, a location close to the WA/SA border, after some very substantial hardships and logistical challenges had been encountered during construction. The line became operational on 8 December 1877. The telegraph operated for 50 years, then, with the introduction of electro-magnetic automatic repeaters and a more easily maintained telegraph line alongside the recently completed transcontinental railway line,WA Telegraph History , oseagram, Accessed 4 March 2011 the line closed in 1927.
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For long distance telephone connections, 20th century telephone companies used L-carrier and similar coaxial cable systems carrying thousands of voice circuits multiplexed in multiple stages by channel banks. For shorter distances, cheaper balanced pair cables were used for various systems including Bell System K- and N-Carrier. Those cables didn't allow such large bandwidths, so only 12 voice channels (double sideband) and later 24 (single sideband) were multiplexed into four wires, one pair for each direction with repeaters every several miles, approximately 10 km. See 12-channel carrier system.
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For example, emergency service (police, fire, and ambulance) radios and CB radios are permitted. However, large transmitter owners must typically coordinate their operations with the Green Bank Observatory. The only broadcast radio stations are part of the Allegheny Mountain Radio network, with just one station in the AM band, and several low-power FM broadcast translator stations. Exceptions to restrictions are usually determined on a case-by-case basis, with preference given to public safety concerns, such as remote alarm systems, repeaters for emergency services, and NOAA Weather Radio.
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WOSA (101.1 FM) – branded Classical 101fm – is a non-commercial educational classical music radio station licensed to Grove City, Ohio. Owned by the Ohio State University under licensee "WOSU Public Media," the station serves Columbus, Ohio and much of the surrounding Columbus metro area, extending its reach into Mansfield, Marion and Southern Ohio with four full-power repeaters. The WOSA studios are located at the Fawcett Center on the Ohio State University campus, while the station transmitter resides off of Borror Road in Lockbourne. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WOSA is available online.
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Upon WOSA's establishment, it assumed WOSU-FM's 24-hour HD-2 and internet-only all classical music service on a full-time basis, operating as a non-commercial station. In addition, WOSU-FM's format changed to news/talk as a simulcast with WOSU (subsequently divested). WOSU also converted four repeater stations for WOSU-FM—WOSB in Marion, WOSE in Coshocton, WOSP in Portsmouth and WOSV in Mansfield—to repeaters of WOSA. In particular, WOSB and WOSV serve areas north of Columbus that are not served well by the new 101.1 frequency.
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A white Nissan Elgrand E51 in Guangzhou, China. Note the presence of Hong Kong (yellow) and mainland Chinese foreign plates (black), which are required for an HK-based vehicle to have in order to enter mainland Chinese soil. The E51 Elgrand is quite different from its predecessor, now equipped with power sliding doors, turn signal repeaters built into the side mirrors, a rear roof spoiler, and 16- (XL) or 17-inch (HWS) aluminum alloy wheels. The new front fascia, with a chromed grille, gives the Elgrand a sportier look.
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After failing to find a buyer at a bankruptcy auction, KPBI- CA's repeaters were sold to Pinnacle Media in August 2009 (after having initially been included in Silver Point Finance's acquisition on June 2 of several Equity stations), with Pinnacle assuming control under a local marketing agreement on August 5. KPBI-CA itself, as well as KJBW and KRBF, were not named in either sale. The licenses for KJBW and KRBF were deleted in 2010; however, the license for KPBI-CA remained active until the FCC canceled the license on October 24, 2011.
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In 2002, the station's analog signal was reallocated to UHF channel 22, and changing the call letters to W22CH in the process. In 2010, TBN closed down many of its low-powered repeaters, including W22CH, due to ongoing economic problems. This was also due in part of the rise in digital over-the-air television. The license for W22CH was surrendered to the FCC in early or mid-2011 as per the rule that low-power stations that have been off the air for more than a calendar year would have their license canceled.
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1993-1995 to 2006. There is also a network of over 80 community radio stations spread across all seven regions of the country, governed by the Comité de Pilotage de Radios de Proximité (CPRP), a civil society organisation. The independent sector radio networks are collectively estimated by CPRP officials to cover some 7.6 million people, or about 73% of the population (2005). Aside from Nigerien radio stations, the BBC Hausa service is listened to on FM repeaters across wide parts of the country, particularly in the south, close to the border with Nigeria.
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However, in Charleston and Birmingham, the company proposed to shut down stations entirely (rather than selling them to other buyers that would also handle their operational responsibilities) so it could maintain legal duopolies; surrendering the licenses for WCIV and the full-powered repeaters of WBMA-LD (WJSU and WCFT), and moving their ABC programming to Sinclair's existing stations WMMP and WABM respectively – which would shift their existing MyNetworkTV programming to digital subchannels. After nearly a year of delays, Sinclair's deal to acquire Allbritton was approved by the FCC on July 24, 2014.
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He has made contributions to numerous sub-fields of astrophysics including multi-wavelength electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational-wave events, gamma-ray bursts, extrasolar planets, soft gamma-ray repeaters, the interstellar medium, pulsars, masers, and supernova remnants. To the public he is best known for discoveries in extrasolar planets and gamma-ray bursts. In 2010, he was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship. From August 2011 through September 2015, he was NRAO's Assistant Director for the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Very Long Baseline Array, and site director for New Mexico operations.
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Repeaters have HDMI inputs and outputs. Examples include home theater audio-visual receivers that separate and amplify the audio signal, while re-transmitting the video for display on a TV. A repeater could also simply send the input data stream to multiple outputs for simultaneous display on several screens. Each device may contain one or more HDCP transmitters and/or receivers. (A single transmitter or receiver chip may combine HDCP and HDMI functionality.) In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved HDCP as a "Digital Output Protection Technology" on August 4, 2004.
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Each participating amateur station wanting to use repeaters/gateways attached to a particular trust server domain must "register" with a gateway as their "home" system, which also populates their information into the trust server—a specialized central gateway system—which allows for lookups across a particular trust server domain. Only one "registration" per trust domain is required. Each amateur is set aside eight 10.x.x.x internal IP addresses for use with their callsign or radios, and various naming conventions are available to utilize these addresses if needed for specialized callsign routing.
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The rise of radio minstrel shows occurred on live locally programmed community radio stations. They broadcast content that was popular and relevant to their local/specific audience. During the 1920s and 1930s the majority of stations functioned as independent stations but there was little study on the types of content they aired. It is commonly believed that almost all programming of the era came through the networks with local stations acting as signal repeaters because broadcasts on local stations were produced live and went unrecorded in either sound or paper form.
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The UK to US section of the cable was shut down just after 02:00 hours on 8 February 2004, as it was no longer considered financially viable by Cable & Wireless. Competitors to the cable had dropped their prices drastically after they re-emerged from Chapter 11 with little or no debts to service, something C&W; was unable to compete with. This cable provided intelligent repeaters that counted bit errors which were reported in response to interrogation from a base station. It contained three fibre pairs which were used to provide two active channels.
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Other breechloaders of the time often relied on a simple, separate percussion cap for ignition, just like a typical muzzleloader of the era, and often used paper or linen cartridge cases, which provided no obturation, or sealing of the breech against the expanding gases (such as the Sharps rifle). Some utilized self-contained primers, but still lacked metallic cases (the Dreyse "needle gun"). While these one-shot breechloading weapons were great improvements over the muzzleloader, it required the adoption of the self-contained metallic case before repeaters could become viable weapons. The .
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KPCC also extends its signal via full-power satellites KUOR-FM Redlands (89.1 FM), KVLA-FM Coachella (90.3 FM), and KJAI Ojai (89.5 FM), as well as low-power translators KPCC-FM1 Santa Clarita (89.3 FM), KPCC-FM2 West Los Angeles (89.3 FM), KPCC-FM3 West Los Angeles (89.3 FM), K210AD Santa Barbara (89.9 FM) and K227BX Palm Springs (93.3 FM). KUOR is licensed to the University of Redlands, while KVLA and KJAI are licensed to American Public Media Group's SCPR. All three of the station's full-power repeaters also broadcast two HD Radio signals.
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La Serena, Coquimbo Region. Among its signals is considered a main channel of free reception which transmits by satellite to several repeaters that are located in Chilean territories, having a reach of 98% of the population. It also has nine regional channels with its own production centres, an international service called TV Chile; the news channel Canal 24 Horas; four thematic over-the-top Internet television channels called TVN Kids, TVN Música, TVN de Culto and 24Play; online presence with several sites and the music label TVN Records.
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By the early 20th century, although the physical causes of negative resistance were not understood, engineers knew it could generate oscillations and had begun to apply it. Heinrich Barkhausen in 1907 showed that oscillators must have negative resistance. Ernst Ruhmer and Adolf Pieper discovered that mercury vapor lamps could produce oscillations, and by 1912 AT&T; had used them to build amplifying repeaters for telephone lines. In 1918 Albert Hull at GE discovered that vacuum tubes could have negative resistance in parts of their operating ranges, due to a phenomenon called secondary emission.
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There is also a network of over 80 community radio stations spread across all seven regions of the country, governed by the Comité de Pilotage de Radios de Proximité (CPRP), a civil society organisation. The independent-sector radio networks are collectively estimated by CPRP officials to cover some 7.6 million people, or about 73% of the population (2005). Aside from Nigerien radio stations, the BBC's Hausa service is listened to on FM repeaters across wide parts of the country, particularly in the south, close to the border with Nigeria.
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Coaxial variants of the specification range in length but are typically less than . Fiber optic variants of the specification such as 297M allow for long-distance transmission limited only by maximum fiber length or repeaters. SDI and HD-SDI are usually available only in professional video equipment because various licensing agreements restrict the use of unencrypted digital interfaces, such as SDI, prohibiting their use in consumer equipment. Several professional video and HD-video capable DSLR cameras and all uncompressed video capable consumer cameras use the HDMI interface, often called clean HDMI.
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As well as user defined processes such as 'Alley Lamps' and 'Run Lock' (Run Lock allows the engines to continue to run without the need for keys in the ignition) to avoid the vehicle being stolen whilst attending an incident. The lamps are then fitted, typically for a Police vehicle they will have an external roof lightbar, blue repeaters and flashing headlamp relays. The siren can also be controlled by the original vehicles horn switch (steering wheel). This is only activated when the '999' or 'Siren' button is depressed on the controller inside the vehicle.
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TVN is a television network headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country. The stations broadcast in the NTSC format and DVB-T for Panama City. In DVB-T format it is the only TV station in HD for most of the day and they also broadcast in a sub-channel two hours behind programming from the main channel(DVB-T only), being the first TV station to have this service. Main programming consists of local news, telenovelas, and Panamanian reality shows called Produccion Nacional (national productions).
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Systems which use ToA, generally require a complicated synchronization mechanism to maintain a reliable source of time for sensors (though this can be avoided in carefully designed systems by using repeaters to establish coupling). The accuracy of the TOA based methods often suffers from massive multipath conditions in indoor localization, which is caused by the reflection and diffraction of the RF signal from objects (e.g., interior wall, doors or furniture) in the environment. However, it is possible to reduce the effect of multipath by applying temporal or spatial sparsity based techniques.
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Divers assist pilots from Pisces III. Pisces III was being used to bury cable and repeaters of the CANTAT-2 transatlantic telephone cable on the sea bottom off Ireland in 1973 when a buoyancy tank was inadvertently flooded. It sank to the bottom of the ocean with its two-man crew, Britons Roger Mallinson and Roger Chapman, stranded at a depth of and 72 hours of available life support, which they were able to extend to 76 hours by careful conservation. Initial rescue efforts by Pisces III sister submersibles were unsuccessful.
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The station became a charter affiliate of Fox when the network launched on October 9, 1986. However, like most Fox stations early on, it continued to program as a de facto independent for Fox's first eight years of existence. On April 3, 1988, KAAS-TV (channel 17) signed on in Salina as a full-time satellite of KSAS. The station later added repeaters in Western Kansas in 1995, with the launches of low-power stations KSAS-LP (channel 29) in Dodge City and KAAS-LP (channel 31) in Garden City.
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In operation, Refuge had 13 translators at the end of its life, as well as two full-power licenses outside of Duluth, KRGM in Marshall and KRFG in Nashwauk. These stations became full-power repeaters of Northwestern Media Life stations, and the translators were divided among Northwestern's existing Life and Faith stations. The following translators were not owned by Refuge Media Group and thus not part of the donation of the network. The Estherville translator repeats off-air a translator reassigned to a Northwestern station and is being donated to Northwestern as of February 2020.
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It is also important to note that some countries have launched national television networks, so that individual television stations can act as common repeaters of nationwide programs. On the other hand, television networks also undergo the impending experience of major changes related to cultural varieties. The emergence of cable television has made available in major media markets, programs such as those aimed at American bi-cultural Latinos. Such a diverse captive audience presents an occasion for the networks and affiliates to advertise the best programming that needs to be aired.
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In Eeyou Istchee, CBFG-FM ChisasibiDecision CRTC 2001-541, 31 August 2001 and its repeaters simulcast Ici Radio-Canada Première outlet CBF- FM Montreal in French, except for three hours of regional programming in the Cree language on weekdays, namely Winschgaoug (ᐗᓂᔥᑳᒄ, "get up") from 8:00 to 9:00 a.m., repeated from 4:00 to 6:00 p.m., and Eyou Dipajimoon (ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᑎᐹᒋᒧᐎᓐ, "Cree news") from 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. These Cree programs are to be transferred to the English-language Radio One affiliates (CBMP-FM etc.).
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Unique EmComm support is provided by use of the HF, VHF and UHF frequency spectrums and many operating modes for voice and data communications. Besides usual point-to-point communications, we rely on repeaters, international networks such as Winlink, Echolink, APRS and HAMNET. For instance, one of the 5 mirror- redundant Winlink common message servers is located in Vienna. To increase the skill level of our members in being first responders, exercise and training is done regularly, and ongoing contact with government and non- government organizations is also maintained.
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Repeaters had been set up across 67 country that enabled more than 80% of the population to receive these services. Lumiere TV was originally available on the NOVA Cyprus platform but following a financial dispute, it moved over to rival Athina Sat in July 2006.Multichoice Official As of March 3, 2008, LTV is once again available through NOVA Cyprus the 80% following a new agreement that was signed between the two companies. The channel is no longer available through Athina Sat, which has ceased operations in March 2008.
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A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at the data link layer. A broadcast domain can be within the same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN segments. In terms of current popular technologies, any computer connected to the same Ethernet repeater or switch is a member of the same broadcast domain. Further, any computer connected to the same set of inter-connected switches/repeaters is a member of the same broadcast domain.
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Receivers in base stations, or repeaters at remote mountain top sites, are usually not adjustable remotely from the control point. In two-way radios (also known as radiotelephones), the received signal level required to unsquelch (un-mute) the receiver may be fixed or adjustable with a knob or a sequence of button presses. Typically the operator will adjust the control until noise is heard, and then adjust in the opposite direction until the noise is squelched. At this point, a weak signal will unsquelch the receiver and be heard by the operator.
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Squelch was invented first and is still in wide use in two-way radio, especially in the amateur radio world. Squelch of any kind is used to indicate loss of signal, which is used to keep commercial and amateur radio repeaters from continually transmitting. Since a carrier squelch receiver cannot tell a valid carrier from a spurious signal (noise, etc.), CTCSS is often used as well, as it avoids false keyups. Use of CTCSS is especially helpful on congested frequencies or on frequency bands prone to skip and during band openings.
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Unguided transmission media are methods that allow the transmission of data without the use of physical means to define the path it takes. Examples of this include microwave, radio or infrared. Unguided media provide a means for transmitting electromagnetic waves but do not guide them; examples are propagation through air, vacuum and seawater. The term direct link is used to refer to the transmission path between two devices in which signals propagate directly from transmitters to receivers with no intermediate devices, other than amplifiers or repeaters used to increase signal strength.
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There can be no cable bridge taps or Load Coils across any pairs. T1 copper spans are being replaced by optical transport systems, but if a copper (Metallic) span is used, the T1 is typically carried over an HDSL encoded copper line. Four wire HDSL does not require as many repeaters as conventional T1 spans. Newer two wire HDSL (HDSL-2) equipment transports a full 1.544 Mbit/s T1 over a single copper wire pair up to approximately twelve thousand (12,000) feet (3.5 km), if all 24 gauge cable is used.
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American early and middle 20th century telephone cables had load coils at intervals of a mile (1.61 km), usually in coil cases holding many. The coils had to be removed to pass higher frequencies, but the coil cases provided convenient places for repeaters of digital T-carrier systems, which could then transmit a 1.5 Mbit/s signal that distance. Due to narrower streets and higher cost of copper, European cables had thinner wires and used closer spacing. Intervals of a kilometer allowed European systems to carry 2 Mbit/s.
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Telecompetition: The Free Market Road to the Information Highway, Lawrence Gasman, p. 91 Once the term "broadband Internet access" came to be associated with data rates incoming to the customer at 256 kbit/s or more, and alternatives like ADSL grew in popularity, the consumer market for BRI did not develop. Its only remaining advantage is that, while ADSL has a functional distance limitation and can use ADSL loop extenders, BRI has a greater limit and can use repeaters. As such, BRI may be acceptable for customers who are too remote for ADSL.
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Over the next decade, it boosted its signal to 100,000 watts, and built a network of translators and repeaters across Montana, and now has one of the largest geographical coverage areas in the entire NPR system. Shortly after EMC merged with the Montana State University System, KEMC rebranded itself Yellowstone Public Radio, reflecting that its coverage area spanned across most of the area around Yellowstone National Park. In the same year, its home since 1983, a three-story house west of campus, was renamed the Joseph L. Sample Studios in honor of the Montana broadcasting pioneer.
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The company's operations gained controversy as the Optical Media Board accused CD-R King in 2008 of facilitating copyright infringement through inexpensive media supplied by the company, imposing a P1.5 million penalty for failing to produce permits for some of its optical media disc importations. In 2013, Globe Telecom has signed agreements with several major retailers of gadgets and IT equipment, including CD-R King, in a bid to curb the sale of illegal repeaters or signal boosters in the country. The agreement binds retailers from selling signal boosters that do not comply with the specifications set by the National Telecommunications Commission.
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A radio repeater is a combination of a radio receiver and a radio transmitter that receives a signal and retransmits it, so that two-way radio signals can cover longer distances. A repeater sited at a high elevation can allow two mobile stations, otherwise out of line-of-sight propagation range of each other, to communicate. Repeaters are found in professional, commercial, and government mobile radio systems and also in amateur radio. Repeater systems use two different radio frequencies; the mobiles transmit on one frequency, and the repeater station receives those transmission and transmits on a second frequency.
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Most aircraft radios did not have the ability to receive and transmit over long distances, and there were few repeaters or other transmitters in between airports. to advise that it had passed over the Stone Mountain reporting point and was descending. The operator provided the pilots with the altimeter setting for Candler Field and with the current weather. Flight 21 then contacted the Atlanta control tower twice, first to advise that it was making an approach and then to advise that the aircraft was over the Atlanta range station two miles southeast of the airport at an altitude of .
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This transformation was key in the development of large radio groups. At the same time, however, there was tension between radio stations in Mexico City and those in the nation's interior. The networks began to install repetidoras (repeaters) of their programming; XEW, for instance, established such stations in San Luis Potosí, Monterrey, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Guadalajara, among other cities. These stations, which merely served to rebroadcast programming entirely produced in the capital, were seen as a serious threat by the regional broadcasters, who banded together to form the Coordinating Committee of Broadcasters in the States (CCRE).
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So far, most data about neutron-star oscillations come from the blasts of four specific Soft Gamma Repeaters, SGR, especially the event of 27 December 2004 from SGR 1806-20. Because so few events have been observed, little is known for sure about neutron stars and the physics of their oscillations. The outbursts which are vital for analyses only happen sporadically and are relatively brief. Given the limited knowledge, many of the equations surrounding the physics around these objects are parameterized to fit observed data, and where data is not to be found solar values are used instead.
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The South Africa Far East cable is an optical fiber submarine communications cable linking Melkbosstrand, South Africa to Penang, Malaysia. It was commissioned in 2002 and built by Tyco Submarine Systems of the United States with an initial capacity of 10 Gigabits per second, and current capacity of 440 Gigabits per second. It has four fiber strands, using Erbium-doped fiber amplifier repeaters and wavelength division multiplexing. It has a total length of and is one of a pair of cables--SAT-3/WASC being the other--that provides high-speed digital links between Europe, West and Southern Africa, and the Far East.
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Some of the programs on Alfa TV were broadcast incorporation with well-known pay-TV channels, and specifically with those of MultiChoice (CineMagic, SuperSport and K-T.V.). It was broadcast over the air, together with Lumiere TV, on several platforms, like CytaVision, with an extra fee. Repeaters had been set up across the country that enabled more than 80% of the population to receive those services. Alfa TV was available on the NOVA Cyprus platform but due to a financial dispute with the provider, the channel was removed and signed on with rival Athina Sat in July 2006.
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At the current stage, the Soviet troops did not have the necessary number of helicopters and front-line aviation for the landing, and the aviation forces - air cover for helicopters - were also lacking. One of the main problems was also the lack of proper communication for controlling the landing in the mountains, especially when descending into the gorge. The loss of communication with the foot groups was tantamount to their death. At the initial stage of the war, the Soviet troops were not yet equipped with aviation systems with radio repeaters, those that later hung in the air during each of the hostilities.
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K50JG is a low-power television station licensed to Independence, Kansas. It was previously a repeater that broadcasts programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network, via satellite; in recent years, due to TBN's financial problems, many of its repeaters were sold to other parties, including K50JG, which was sold to Luken Communications, the parent company of Retro Television Network, under the licensee name "Digital Networks - Midwest".FCC application: "Notification of Suspension of Operations / Request for Silent STA" for W19CX The station broadcasts on UHF channel 50, with no current digital channel. Polarization: Effective Radiated Power (ERP): 19.
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Righteous army of Jeongmi (1907) Korean independent army. Late Joseon dynasty period Korean nationalism outgrew the unplanned, spontaneous, and disorganized Donghak movement, and became more violent as the Japanese occupation began a brutal regime throughout the Korean peninsula and pursued repressive policies against the Korean people. The Japanese occupiers fought with rifle guns, state-of-the-art cannons, machine guns, repeaters, mounted cavalry reconnaissance units in the mountains, and an entrenched class of informers and criminals developed over the previous decade before the battles began. Koreans fought with antique muzzle-loaders, staves, iron bars, and their hands.
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Prelaunch logo of Toronto One.Craig Media was awarded a licence for Toronto 1 (originally stylized as "Toronto One") by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) on April 8, 2002 in a controversial split decision regarding five competing applications for new Toronto-area TV stations. Torstar, which proposed a "Hometown Television" format with a main station in Toronto and repeaters in Hamilton and Kitchener, was widely deemed the frontrunner for the licence. However, its proposed schedule, with minimum 85% Canadian content consisting primarily of local and regional programming and no U.S. simulcasts, was found to be unviable by most commissioners.
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The Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) is a system for distributing a live stream of weather information in the United States. The backbone of the system is operated via satellite by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS), but data are transmitted over radio repeaters by the NWS, citizens, and other organizations in many regions, and information can also be downloaded via the Internet. Local VHF/UHF radio rebroadcasts and older- generation EMWIN satellite systems operate at the speeds of 1200 and 9600 baud. EMWIN data consists of textual observational and forecast information, including a limited number of cloud and radar images.
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New York City's 311 information hotline received over 175,000 calls from concerned residents during the weekend. Amateur radio operators attached to New York City ARES provided a backup communications link to emergency shelters and hospitals. Amateur radio repeaters were supplied with emergency power via generators and batteries and remained functional. Major U.S. networks (CBS, NBC, ABC and Fox) and some cable television channels (HBO, MTV and Nickelodeon), centered in New York City, were unable to broadcast normally, so backup stations and flagship transmitters in Dallas were used for prime-time TV. ABC ran their news broadcasts from Washington, D.C. instead.
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Jaguar X-Type estate (2008 facelift) The X-Type facelift debuted at the 2007 Canary Wharf Motorexpo and went on sale internationally during 2008, with United Kingdom sales from March. The facelift featured revised front and rear fascias, new door mirrors with integrated turn indicator repeaters, the choice of a 2.2 litre diesel with particulate filter, and a new six speed automatic transmission with Jaguar Sequential Shift. The range continued to offer the 2.0 litre diesel, and two V6 petrol engines; 2.5 and 3.0 litre. In some European markets, the petrol engines were no longer marketed.
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For analog signals, connections usually consist of a simple electrical bus and, especially in the case of a chain of many devices, may require the use of one or more repeaters or amplifiers within the chain to counteract attenuation (the natural loss of energy in such a system). Digital signals between devices may also travel on a simple electrical bus, in which case a bus terminator may be needed on the last device in the chain. However, unlike analog signals, because digital signals are discrete, they may also be electrically regenerated, but not modified, by any device in the chain.
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Very small UHF TV transmitters continue to operate with no programming or commercial identity, instead retransmitting signals of existing full-power stations to a smaller area poorly covered by the main VHF signal. Such transmitters are called "translators" rather than "stations". The smallest, owned by local municipal-level groups or the originating TV stations, are numbered sequentially – W or K, followed by the channel number, followed by two sequentially issued letters, yielding a "translator callsign" in a generic format that appears K14AA through W69ZZ. Translators and repeaters also exist on VHF channels, but infrequently and with stringently limited power.
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At the same time, a project known as Televisión Rural de México (later Televisión de la República Mexicana) sought to bring culture and information to rural Mexican audiences. In the 1980s, XHTRM-TV channel 22, the first UHF television station in the Valle de México, came to air bringing TRM programming to the nation's capital. In 1985, TRM was dismantled, and with the sign-on of XHIMT- TV channel 7 in Mexico City, the TRM repeaters were linked to that station, which became the flagship of the Red Nacional 7 of Imevisión. In 1993, Imevisión's privatization gave birth to Televisión Azteca.
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AMSAT- NA is currently building a series of 1U CubeSats to carry university experiments, including a camera, and mode U/V FM repeaters. The first two of these satellites, Fox-1A, and Fox-1B, were launched on 8 October 2015 and 18 November 2017 respectively and are currently operational and available for use. Fox-1D (AO-92) was launched on 12 January 2018 on the PSLV-C40 mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. Fox-1Cliff was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base aboard the SpaceX Falcon-9 SSO-A rocket on 3 December 2018.
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WPOZ-HD4 used to broadcast a Christian rock format as 103.7 The Rock and had a low-powered repeater in Clermont, W279CT. W240BV, W273CA and W292DZ used to be low-powered repeaters that rebroadcast WPOZ in the Lake County area but were moved to Orlando. As of October 2018, W273CA has since taken back control by Central Florida Educational Foundation following the expiration of the lease with iHeartMedia in September 2018. It now broadcasts a Spanish Christian contemporary format, following a stunt with 1950s/60s oldies two days prior to the launch of "La Z 102.5" via WPOZ-HD4.
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Manufacture of submarine cable at the site ended in 1975 (transferring to Southampton), and work concentrated on manufacture of optical repeaters and amplifiers. It subsequently passed to Northern Telecom and then to Alcatel of France in 1994. In 2006 Alcatel merged with US company Lucent to create Alcatel-Lucent, and the following year their division based at Enderby Wharf was renamed Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks, which became Alcatel Submarine Networks after Alcatel-Lucent was acquired by Nokia in 2016. Around 2010, a large part of the site was sold to Barratt Developments for a housing estate, called Enderby Wharf.
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William Baume, who took over the management of the Baume company in Les Bois in 1910, represented the third generation after his grandfather and father. He had previously completed his watchmaking apprenticeship with Mathey-Tissot at Les Ponts-de-Martel, about 30 kilometers from Les Bois between Le Locle and Neuchâtel. Mathey-Tissot, established in 1886, was specialised in complicated watches, especially minute-repeaters and precision chronographs. It was thus with this specialist background that William Baume joined the family firm in 1909, working for a year with his father until he was entrusted with the management of the company in 1910.
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Expenditures increased over the next several years but declined at the end of the decade. In 1969 funding for education dropped to 11 percent of the budget; the next year it declined still further to 9 percent. In the late 1980s, the government allotted only about 7 percent of its budget to education, a figure lower than that for all but a few African countries. Limited facilities and personnel also have made it difficult for the education system to provide adequate instruction. Overcrowding is a major problem; some classes have up 100 students, many of whom are repeaters.
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After the turn of the century it was found that negative resistance mercury lamps could amplify, and were also tried in repeaters, with little success. The development of thermionic valves starting around 1902, provided an entirely electronic method of amplifying signals. The first practical version of such devices was the Audion triode, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest, The link is to a reprint of the paper in the Scientific American Supplement, No. 1665, November 30, 1907, p.348-350, copied on Thomas H. White's United States Early Radio History website which led to the first amplifiers around 1912.
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Those "lowest numbered" channels often reside between VHF channels four and five on HRC (harmonically related carrier) and IRC (incrementally related carrier) systems where the normally four MHz gap is increased to six MHz, wide enough for one NTSC channel. Similar situations exist in the rest of the world as well. Another use of a cable-ready tuner is for receiving amateur television (ATV) in North America, where the main ATV band appears on cable channels 56 to 59, 57 being the most popular. Most repeaters output on these channels, while input from amateur operators is often in another band.
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Starting in mid-1993, a newly developed bogie with air suspension was tested in a first class intermediate car (801 088-6) in scheduled service. The two-year trial was to prove that the bogie that was homologated for 300 km/h was ready to go into production for the ICE 2. Since 1995, two ICE 1 trainsets have been used as so-called idea trains ("Ideenzüge") on services from Hamburg to Basel and Stuttgart. These trainsets were used to test cellular repeaters, returnable bottles in the restaurant car and different concepts for in-train Internet access.
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Amateurs who use local repeaters on the 33 centimeter band use commercial handheld or mobile 900 MHz radios. As shown above, these radios can transmit between 896 and 902 MHz and receive between 935 and 941 MHz. Getting many of these radios to transmit on the repeater's input frequency (between 902 and 903 MHz) and receive on the repeater's output frequency (between 927 and 928 MHz) usually requires very little or no circuit modification, depending on the choice of radio. For instance, the Motorola model GTX (mobile and handheld versions) do not require any hardware modifications at all.
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The decimal repeater works like the minute repeater, but instead of chiming the quarter hours followed by minutes, it sounds the number of ten- minute intervals after the last hour and then the minutes. For example, if the time is 2:49 then the decimal repeater will sound 2 low tones representing 2 hours, 4 sequence tones representing 40 minutes, and 9 high tones representing 9 minutes: "dong, dong, ding-dong, ding-dong, ding-dong, ding-dong, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding". These repeaters, although first made more than 250 years ago, are very rare.
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In April 1988, Chrysler started offering some models on the European market. One of them was the "Chrysler GTS", a rebadged version of the Dodge Lancer ES. Due to European vehicle regulations, the exterior appearance was slightly different. The rear turn signals were amber rather than red, the front sidemarkers and the centre high mount stop lamp (CHMSL) were blanked off, small round repeaters were installed into the front fenders and the sideview mirrors were of spring-hinged rather than rigid design. The engine options included the naturally aspirated Four, and a turbocharged version of the same engine.
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Many of the club's members regularly operate from rare amateur radio locations around the world for the expressed purpose of "putting out a new one" for DXCC credit to their fellow amateurs, or counting as a "new multiplier" for contests held on the bands each year., Retrieved 2013-5-31. The TDXS repeaters are frequently used for disaster communication, and for public service events like the Chevron Houston Marathon, Buffalo Bayou Regatta Races, and others. The TDXS club callsign K5DX is in memory of our long-time friend and fellow club member Clarence E. Sharp who became a SK in September 2001.
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WDDE began broadcasting on August 17, 2012 from its studio on the Delaware State University campus in Dover. Philadelphia's two full NPR members, WHYY-FM and WRTI, have long claimed much of Delaware as part of their primary coverage areas; the latter has long operated repeaters in Wilmington and Dover. However, until WDDE's launch, Delaware had been the only state without a full- fledged NPR station within its borders. The station's first president, Micheline Boudreau was formerly headed WHYY's Dover bureau and reported for Delaware Tonight, the long-running news program that was canceled in the 2009 cutback.
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They are almost always made of wood, often ebony, and often ornamented with ormolu mounts, brass inlay, wood or tortoise shell veneer, or decorative varnish. Since in their day clocks were expensive, and a household would not have one in every room, bracket clocks usually had handles to carry them from room to room. These clocks were almost always repeaters, that is striking clocks which could be made to repeat the striking of the hours at the pull of a lever or cord. This feature was used before artificial illumination to tell what time it was at night.
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XHI's stations in Obregón and Mochis produce substantial local programming; while the latter is licensed as a repeater, it is treated by Televisoras Grupo Pacífico as a separate station, with its own local news. The local programming includes news, lifestyle shows and sports programming. In October 2016, XHI, including all its repeaters, switched to virtual channel 10 as a result of new guidelines harmonizing television virtual channels nationwide. Channel 2 was used for the Las Estrellas network nationwide, requiring XHI to move; similarly, other national networks prompted other TVP stations to move to virtual channel 10.
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Interpretive programs are offered in the spring and summer months; other amenities include an amphitheater, picnic tables, outdoor grills, covered shelters, restrooms, and a playground. For ham/amateur radio operators, two linked repeaters are near the top of the mountain. The frequencies are 146.74 MHz, with a 600 kHz negative offset (the 2 meter repeater), and 53.75 MHz, with a 1.7 MHz negative offset, and a PL Tone of 100 Hz (the 6 meter repeater). Kamiak Butte, together with Steptoe Butte, is a National Natural Landmark, and Pine Ridge Trail is listed as a National Recreation Trail within the National Trails System.
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UHF TV signals are generally more degraded by moisture than lower bands, such as VHF TV signals. Since UHF transmission is limited by the visual horizon to 30–40 miles (48–64 km) and usually to shorter distances by local terrain, it allows the same frequency channels to be reused by other users in neighboring geographic areas (frequency reuse). Radio repeaters are used to retransmit UHF signals when a distance greater than the line of sight is required. Occasionally when conditions are right, UHF radio waves can travel long distances by tropospheric ducting as the atmosphere warms and cools throughout the day.
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Radio and TV broadcasting in Pretoria is supplied via a network of VHF/FM and UHF transmitters and repeaters owned and operated by Sentech - South Africa's state-owned broadcast signal distributor - from four transmitter sites in and around the city. A number of community radio stations operate transmitters from non-Sentech sites. The inception of an FM broadcast service in South Africa, began on 1 September 1961 from what is now known as the Sentech Tower in Brixton, Johannesburg. The remainder of South Africa was initially served by medium wave transmitters, which were essentially localised to the larger centres.
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It not only wanted to preserve public radio in the region, but saw WVWR as a way to increase Virginia Tech's ties to Roanoke. The foundation formally took control in 1982 and initially applied for the call sign WRVT before settling on WVTF. Over the next decade, WVTF built translator after translator to better serve its mostly mountainous coverage area. From 1980 to 2017, WVTF and its repeaters maintained a schedule typical of full-service public radio stations, with NPR news in drive times, classical music during the day and overnight, and various special music and talk programming on nights and weekends.
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The accident, coupled with the Jyväskylä rail accident, showed the importance of the automatic train control system, which was installed on all major lines during the following years, and was later expanded to cover all passenger lines and all goods-only lines with the exception of lines which see only a maximum of few trains a day. The two locomotives, Sr1 units 3042 (freight train) and 3031 (InterCity) were refurbished and returned to service. As the result of this accident and the expansion of automatic train control, signal repeaters were removed from all stations except the Helsinki Central railway station.
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WCIC and Champaign-based sister station WBGL are part of the New Life Media Network. Between them, the two stations and their satellites and repeaters cover almost two-thirds of Illinois, as well as portions of Missouri, Iowa, and Indiana. On August 6, 2019 the Illinois Bible Institute reached an agreement to sell the entire WBGL/WCIC New Life Media Network to the University of Northwestern – St. Paul, which owns and operates a network of contemporary Christian stations and a network of Christian talk and teaching stations, for $9,901,558.34."Northwestern Media Acquires WBGL/WCIC In Illinois", Radio Insight.
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A big expansion to the "telegraphic net of longitude" was due to the successful completion of the transatlantic telegraph cable between S.W. Ireland and Nova Scotia in 1866. A cable from Brest in France to Duxbury Massachusetts was completed in 1870, and gave the opportunity to check results by a different route. In the interval, the land- based parts of the network had improved, including the elimination of repeaters. Comparisons of the difference between Greenwich and Cambridge Massachusetts showed differences between measurement of 0.01 second of time, with a probable error of ±0.04 seconds, equivalent to 45 feet.
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A simple bridge connects two network segments, typically by operating transparently and deciding on a frame-by-frame basis whether or not to forward from one network to the other. A store and forward technique is typically used so, as part of forwarding, the frame integrity is verified on the source network and CSMA/CD delays are accommodated on the destination network. In contrast to repeaters which simply extend the maximum span of a segment, bridges only forward frames that are required to cross the bridge. Additionally, bridges reduce collisions by creating a separate collision domain on either side of the bridge.
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HDSL-2 does not employ multiple repeaters as does conventional four wire HDSL, or newer HDSL-4 systems. One advantage of HDSL is its ability to operate with a limited number of bridge taps, with no tap being closer than from any HDSL transceiver. Both two or four wire HDSL equipment transmits and receives over the same cable wire pair, as compared to conventional T1 service that utilizes individual cable pairs for transmit or receive. DS3 signals are rare except within buildings, where they are used for interconnections and as an intermediate step before being multiplexed onto a SONET circuit.
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A physical extended star topology in which repeaters are replaced with hubs or switches is a type of hybrid network topology and is referred to as a physical hierarchical star topology, although some texts make no distinction between the two topologies. A physical hierarchical star topology can also be referred as a tier-star topology, this topology differs from a tree topology in the way star networks are connected together. A tier-star topology uses a central node, while a tree topology uses a central bus and can also be referred as a star-bus network.
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Using hybrids for bidirectional amplificationThe primary use of a voiceband hybrid coil is to convert between 2-wire and 4-wire operation in sequential sections of a communications circuit, for example in a four-wire terminating set. Such conversion was necessary when repeaters were introduced in a 2-wire circuit, a frequent practice at early 20th century telephony. Without hybrids, the output of one amplifier feeds directly into the input of the other, resulting in a howling situation (upper diagram). By using hybrids, the outputs and inputs are isolated, resulting in correct 2-wire repeater operation.
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MK4 Golf Cabriolet MK4 Golf Cabriolet As with the Mk2 Golf, Volkswagen did not make a convertible version of the Mk4 Golf. Instead, they face-lifted the front bumper, fenders, grille, and hood to resemble Mk4 Golf styling but to fit a Mk3 chassis. VW managed to incorporate some non-structural Mk4 parts as well such as fender repeaters, headlights, side mirror caps, rear license tag lights, 3-spoke steering wheel airbag, etc. The rear also received a redesigned bumper with the number plate tub moved from the hatch and a Mk4 handle with a larger VW emblem above it to resemble the rear of a Mk4 Golf.
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Grann proved to be a formidable publisher who took care of her authors while emphasizing sales and the bottom- line. Grann credited MCA President Lew Wasserman for her own emphasis on caring for her authors saying, "Lew Wasserman taught me that you're only as good as the talent you have under contract and the talent that walks out the door every night. You have to take care of these people." Grann took Putnam from having $10 million in revenue in 1976 to over $100 million by 1983 by building a publishing list around what she called "repeaters," bestselling authors who could turn out annual bestsellers such as Tom Clancy.
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WBGL and Peoria-based sister station WCIC are part of Northwestern Media. Between them, the two stations and their satellites and repeaters cover almost two-thirds of Illinois, as well as portions of Missouri, Iowa, and Indiana. In August 2019 the Illinois Bible Institute reached an agreement to sell the entire WBGL/WCIC New Life Media Network to the University of Northwestern – St. Paul, which owns and operates a network of contemporary Christian stations and a network of Christian talk and teaching stations, for $9,901,558.34, plus $200,000 in third-party underwriting announcements for the seller's non- broadcast, non-profit activities for one year. The closing date was November 1, 2019.
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Renaming the division "Radio Communications", "to reflect a broader focus by the Company on integrated radio communications systems". On 11 June 2012 at Eurosatory (International Defence and Security tradeshow), Codan Radio Communications announced the launch of the Codan Envoy – a software-defined radio that enables users to add new capabilities to the radio through software updates. On 7 August 2012 Codan announced the acquisition of Daniels Electronics Limited (Daniels), a leading designer, manufacturer and supplier of land mobile radio communications (LMR) solutions in North America. It has since launched tactical solutions such as Stratus (P25/LTE) and HiveNet (P25) transportable repeaters for secure mobile voice operations.
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The fundamental theoretical work in data transmission and information theory by Harry Nyquist, Ralph Hartley, Claude Shannon and others during the early 20th century, was done with these applications in mind. Data transmission is utilized in computers in computer buses and for communication with peripheral equipment via parallel ports and serial ports such as RS-232 (1969), FireWire (1995) and USB (1996). The principles of data transmission are also utilized in storage media for Error detection and correction since 1951. Data transmission is utilized in computer networking equipment such as modems (1940), local area networks (LAN) adapters (1964), repeaters, repeater hubs, microwave links, wireless network access points (1997), etc.
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In 1921, a two-story white building was built, which was used as a laboratory and dormitories for engineers. Research continued through the 1930s in conjunction with Bell Telephone Laboratories (the successor to Western Electric’s research division), to use shorter wavelengths for radio transmission, this eventually led to the development of the microwave radio relay systems used to carry long distance telephone traffic in the latter half of the 20th century. The development of fiber-optic communications (also by Bell Labs) ended the widespread use of microwave repeaters. Facilities at the test site were used in the 1950s and 1960s to monitor missiles and satellites launched from Cape Kennedy.
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The transceiver is normally in receiving mode so the user can hear other radios on the channel; when a user wants to talk he presses a push to talk button on his microphone, which turns on his transmitter. They use channels in the VHF or UHF bands and transmitter power is usually limited to around 5 watts, giving them a limited range, usually depending on terrain, although repeaters installed on tall buildings, hills or mountain peaks can be used to increase the coverage area. Older systems use AM or FM modulation, while some recent systems use digital modulation allowing them to transmit data as well as sound.
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BriteCloud has been developed to protect platforms against these modern tracking systems. Dispensed from a standard 55mm flare cartridge, BriteCloud has been designed to draw threats away from the host platform, generating large miss distances. The BriteCloud technology builds on previous generations of electronic countermeasures such as repeaters and Towed Radar Decoys (TRD). When launched the decoy searches for and counters priority threats. Incoming radar pulses are received and the BriteCloud’s on-board computer copies these pulses and uses them to simulate a ‘false target’ so that the threat system cannot detect the deception. By doing this, the BriteCloud can ‘seduce’ the most modern threats away from the platform.
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Amateur use of VHF and UHF allocations exploded in the late 1960s and early 1970s as repeaters started going on the air. Repeater use sparked a huge interest in the 2-meter and 70-centimeter (420–450 MHz) bands, however, this interest never fully found its way into the 1.25-meter band. Many amateurs attribute this to the abundance of commercial radio equipment designed for 136–174 MHz and 450–512 MHz that amateurs could easily modify for use on the 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands. There were no commercial frequency allocations near the 1.25-meter band, and little commercial radio equipment was available.
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Distant aspects that announce 'halt' or 'proceed with low speed', like Vr 0, Vr 2, Ks 2, Hl 10 etc., are normally (except for repeaters) accompanied by an activated 1000 Hz magnet of the PZB train safety system. Passing it triggers hidden timers in the vehicle's part of the PZB system, which first checks that the driver acknowledges the distant signal, then it supervises the braking. If the acknowledgement does not occur in time or if, at any point, the system detects that the train's speed exceeds the limits of a certain braking profile, it engages full brakes and enforces a stop of the train.
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On the other hand, the estate's sheetmetal was unchanged; body-colour buttresses were added to fit the new tail lights to the 1954-vintage body. Almost all of the exterior trim was new, including door handles and turn signal repeaters. Exterior distinguishing features of the 1958 model were a new grille made of thin vertical bars crossed by four horizontal ones, with a Millecento (1100 spelled out in Italian) script on its centre, and "stepped" chrome spears on the sides. From a mechanical standpoint the main improvement were the uprated brakes, with self-centering brake shoes and wider drums, transversely instead of longitudinally finned.
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There are two possible ways to climb the additional 6 meters of La Rambla Extension. Immediately after Andrada's traverse, you can either decide to climb directly upwards to the higher anchor, or you can traverse about one meter farther, and grab a very large hold ("jug") which allows you to rest as much as needed to complete the climb. Most repeaters used the jug, but Puigblanque and Adam Ondra decided not to use it, as they wanted to stay as close as possible to the line of Huber's original project. However, they were perfectly aware that their choice was just a matter of preference.
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However, in September 2014, Sinclair sold WCIV, WCFT-TV and WJSU-TV to Howard Stirk Holdings due to ownership conflicts with Fox affiliate WTAT-TV (channel 24) and MyNetworkTV affiliate WMMP (channel 36) in Charleston and CW affiliate WTTO/WDBB and MyNetworkTV affiliate WABM (channel 68) in Birmingham, which led to the termination of its local marketing agreement with WTAT through its owner Cunningham Broadcasting, the WCIV intellectual unit and call letters migrating to WMMP, and WDBB and WABM becoming subchannel-only repeaters of WBMA-LD (with WDBB replacing WSES as its west-central Alabama repeater; WGWW also relegated its simulcast of WBMA's programming to a digital subchannel).
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Radiópolis got its start with the establishment of each of the Mexico City stations in the 1930s and 1940s. XEW-AM, founded by Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta, came on air September 18, 1930 and immediately became the country's most important broadcaster. XEQ-AM was established eight years later, and in 1947, XEX-AM joined the stable. Several repeaters of XEW were built in the late 1940s and early 1950s,Edgar Rogelio Ramírez Solís, "La Cultura Tiene Permiso: XEJB y la Política Cultural del Estado de Jalisco, 1941-1992", ITESO thesis, 1993 including XEWK-AM in Guadalajara, two XEWA-AM stations in Monterrey and San Luis Potosí, and XEWB-AM in Veracruz.
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A DTS does not use broadcast repeaters in the conventional sense, since they cannot receive a signal from a main terrestrial broadcast transmitter for rebroadcast; to do so would introduce a re-transmission delay destroying the required synchronization, causing interference between transmitters. The use of virtual channels is another alternative, although this may cause the same channel to appear several times in a receiver – once for each relay station – and require the user to tune to the best one (which may change due to propagation issues such as weather). Although boosters or DTS cause all relay stations to appear as one signal, they require careful engineering to avoid interference.
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Interview with Lolita Ayala at the charity auction "Arte en Barricas" (Art in Barricas) sponsored by Tequila Herradura in Mexico City. With the exception of the short-lived but popular Televisión Independiente de México (1968–72), which TSM absorbed in 1973 to form Televisa, the latter saw no major commercial competition until 1993. Instead, the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s were marked by a large expansion in state-owned television. This took flight in 1972 when the government, through financier SOMEX, expropriated XHDF-TV in Mexico City and used it to form the base of a Canal 13 national network with repeaters across the country.
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Like other stations in the area, WBRE was forced to rely on repeaters to serve its coverage area for most of its history. The market is one of the largest (in land area) east of the Mississippi River and is very mountainous. In addition, Scranton/Wilkes-Barre was a "UHF island" before the digital transition because it is too close to Philadelphia and New York City for VHF analog service. During March 2010, in a cost-cutting move, all owned and operated translators were shut down after Nexstar determined that its VHF signal for WBRE is adequate enough to reach most of the market.
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On August 31, 2011, when Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts, CBKFT flash cut its digital signal into operation on VHF channel 13 in order for those repeaters/stations to avoid interference from the Regina and Saskatoon stations. Through the use of PSIP, television receivers will list CBKFT-DT's virtual channel number as 13.1. CBC had originally decided that none of its rebroadcasters will transition to digital. Also, the CBC had originally planned to not convert any non- originating stations in mandatory markets to digital, which would have forced CBKFT-1 in Saskatoon to sign off on the transition date.
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Only a few had repeaters like the Winchester or the Swiss Vetterli. As hunters they had learned to fire from cover, from a prone position and to make the first shot count, knowing that if they missed the game would be long gone. At community gatherings, target shooting was a major sport and competitions used targets such as hens eggs perched on posts 100 yards away. The commandos became expert light cavalry, making use of every scrap of cover, from which they could pour an accurate and destructive fire at the British with their breech-loading rifles which could be rapidly aimed, fired, and reloaded.
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New Haven 600 is a series of pump-action shotguns manufactured by O.F. Mossberg & Sons on behalf of department stores, most notably the Montgomery Ward Company, Western Auto, and other retail stores. New Haven is one of O.F. Mossberg & Sons' private, promotional brands. The New Haven 600 is identical to the Mossberg 500 from O.F. Mossberg & Sons, with the addition of an anti- rattle system in the magazine tube. The 600 series comprises widely varying models of hammerless, pump action repeaters, all of which share the same basic receiver and action, but differ in bore size, barrel length, choke options, magazine capacity, and "furniture" (stock and forearm) materials.
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Most wireless repeaters (or range extenders) are purpose-built, but certain wireless routers can be flashed with custom firmware such as DD-WRT to give them a 'range extender' option. A better option for extending wireless coverage is to configure a secondary box as a wireless access point, with a wired connection between a LAN port on this secondary box and a LAN port on the primary box (a router). If Ethernet wiring is not an option, an alternative is powerline networking. Wireless extender kits consisting of a powerline adapter module (connected to the wireless router) and a wireless extender module (integrated powerline networking and wireless access point) are available.
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Map of radio affiliates in 2016 The Oakland Athletics Radio Network consists of 15 AM stations and 7 FM translators or repeaters in the state of California. The Athletics are the only team in Major League Baseball and one of only two teams in major league sports to not have a flagship radio station or a station carrying games in their home market. Instead the team uses an exclusive channel on TuneIn called A's Cast to air the games in the Bay Area and that channel is the de facto flagship. There is a 4-station Spanish- language network (all AM) with affiliates in italics.
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AM was the earliest modulation method used for transmitting audio in radio broadcasting. It was developed during the first quarter of the 20th century beginning with Roberto Landell de Moura and Reginald Fessenden's radiotelephone experiments in 1900. This original form of AM is sometimes called double-sideband amplitude modulation (DSBAM), because the standard method produces sidebands on either side of the carrier frequency. Single-sideband modulation uses bandpass filters to eliminate one of the sidebands and possibly the carrier signal, which improves the ratio of message power to total transmission power, reduces power handling requirements of line repeaters, and permits better bandwidth utilization of the transmission medium.
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As of its closure on August 31, 2009, CHCA-DT never signed on the air. CHCA-DT was allocated channel 28 for Red Deer, while its Edmonton and Calgary repeaters converted to digital as a flash-cut. Following the station's closedown and licence revocation, the allocations for its analog and digital frequencies became open for future stations.Industry Canada: "DTV Post-Transition Allotment Plan", December 2008 Should a new television station open up in Red Deer in the future, it would not be required to operate as a digital station, as Red Deer is not a mandatory market for digital conversion, which took place in most other markets on August 31, 2011.
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In HDSL, full duplex by means of echo cancellation is used, enabling simultaneous transmission in both directions on each of the two wire pairs, effectively reducing the symbol rate by a factor two. Through the use of 2B1Q encoding, two bits are combined to one symbol, further reducing the symbol rate by a factor of two. For this two-pair 2B1Q variant of HDSL, framing increases the bitrate from 1.544 Mbit/s to 1.568 Mbit/s, resulting in a symbol rate of 392 kilobaud and a Nyquist frequency of 196 kHz. Legacy T1 required repeaters every 35 dB of attenuation, equivalent to , depending on conductor gauge and other circumstances.
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The system today is capable of linking repeaters together locally and through the Internet utilizing callsigns for routing of traffic. Servers are linked via TCP/IP utilizing proprietary "gateway" software, available from Icom. This allows amateur radio operators to talk to any other amateurs participating in a particular gateway "trust" environment. The current master gateway in the United States is operated by the K5TIT group in Texas, who were the first to install a D-STAR repeater system in the U.S. D-STAR transfers both voice and data via digital encoding over the 2 m (VHF), 70 cm (UHF), and 23 cm (1.2 GHz) amateur radio bands.
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Signal propagation on the 33 centimeter band is very dependent on the transmitting and receiving antenna's line of sight. Because of this, many wide-area coverage systems like repeaters are located on top of large hills and mountains which overlook a vast area. This ensures that the transmitting antenna is higher than terrestrial obstructions such as trees and buildings. Assuming that the transmitting antenna's wavelength, height above average terrain, and effective radiated power is equal, a transmitted signal on 33 centimeters will, generally speaking, usually travel about 3/4 of the distance that the same signal would if transmitted on the 70 centimeter band.
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From the mid-1980s at the earliest, it was a semi-satellite of CBLFT in Toronto as part of the Ontario-Outaouais network. In 1991, as part of cost-cutting measures at the CBC, CBEFT's licence, along with all other Radio-Canada transmitters in Ontario, was merged with that of CBOFT in Ottawa. However, CBEFT, along with CBLFT's other former repeaters, carried the split- feed newscast for the rest of Ontario that was produced at CBOFT. On April 28, 2010, the CRTC relicensed CBLFT as a standalone station, which would again produce a separate newscast for the province of Ontario outside of CBOFT's primary market.
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Channel 44 finally gained competition in 1981, when Family Group Broadcasting signed on WFTS-TV (channel 28) as a family-oriented independent station. However, WTOG remained the clear leader in the market for the next two decades. During the 1970s and 1980s, the station was carried on many cable providers in central and southwestern Florida. In the 1980s, WTOG also maintained a network of low-powered repeaters, located in Sebring, Inverness, Arcadia (in the Fort Myers market; that translator has since shut down), Ocala (part of the Orlando market; that translator, W29AB, has since become a translator for Orlando's WKMG-TV) and Okeechobee (part of the West Palm Beach market).
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The repeating clock was invented by the English cleric and inventor, the Reverend Edward Barlow in 1676. His innovation was the rack and snail striking mechanism, which could be made to repeat easily and became the standard mechanism used in both clock and watch repeaters ever since. The best kind of repeating clocks were expensive to make; a separate train of wheels had to be added to the striking mechanism, and to activate it one pulled a cord whereupon it would strike the hours and quarters, or even the hours and five-minute divisions (five minutes repeating). During the nineteenth century such clocks gradually went out of use.
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The various serial digital interface standards all use (one or more) coaxial cables with BNC connectors, with a nominal impedance of 75 ohms. This is the same type of cable used in analog video setups, which potentially makes for easier upgrades (though higher quality cables may be necessary for long runs at the higher bitrates). The specified signal amplitude at the source is 800 mV (±10%) peak-to-peak; far lower voltages may be measured at the receiver owing to attenuation. Using equalization at the receiver, it is possible to send 270 Mbit/s SDI over without use of repeaters, but shorter lengths are preferred.
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The site was located at the highest elevation in Texas at above sea level; a tramway had to be installed as there was no access to the transmitter by roadway. KELP-TV and the yet-unlaunched KCOS (channel 7, now on channel 13), as were some FM radio stations, were to use the new site. While no television stations used the site until KCIK signed on, the local two-way radio operation began to use the site for radio repeaters. KCIK-TV moved to the site in 1979 using a transmitter than had been used by a television station on channel 30 in Puerto Rico.
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Intermedia fought for and won the television station in Chihuahua Capital in the IFT-6 television station auction of 2017, prevailing in the 13th round of bidding and paying 53.5 million pesos.IFT: 13th Subsequent Round - IFT-6 Auction The station, XHICCH-TDT 30 (VC 44), began transmissions in July 2018 from the Canal Once tower atop Cerro El Coronel in Chihuahua.RPC: #028248 Infrastructure Share Agreement between the Instituto Politécnico Nacional and Intermedia de Chihuahua Local programming from new studios in Chihuahua began on August 6, 2018. XHICCH was approved for dependent repeaters in Ciudad DeliciasRPC: #030607 Shadow XHICCH Cd. Delicias and Ciudad CuauhtémocRPC: #030617 Shadow XHICCH Cd. Cuauhtémoc in July 2018.
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China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting (CMMB) is a mobile television and multimedia standard developed and specified in China by the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT). It is based on the Satellite and Terrestrial Interactive Multiservice Infrastructure (STiMi), developed by TiMiTech, a company formed by the Chinese Academy of Broadcasting Science. Announced in October 2006, it has been described as being similar to Europe's DVB-SH standard for digital video broadcast from both satellites and terrestrial repeaters to handheld devices. It specifies usage of the S-band/U-band and occupies 25 MHz bandwidth within which it provides 25 video and 30 radio channels with some additional data channels.
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In 2005, WMTW activated two analog repeaters. This included W26CQ channel 26 in Colebrook, New Hampshire (transmitter was northeast of town in Coleman State Park) and W27CP channel 27 in White River Junction, Vermont (transmitter was in the Mascoma section of Lebanon, New Hampshire) to make up for lost coverage when it signed off from Mount Washington. Under normal conditions, these translators should have been built before WMTW moved off the mountain in order to comply with FCC regulations. However, construction was delayed almost four years because the Canadian Radio- television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) had to agree to the proposed tower locations for the translators.
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The console was equipped with repeaters for each of the aircraft instruments needed to operate the sight, like altitude and airspeed. The operator simply turned the dials on the console so their indicator arrows matched the readings on the instruments displayed in the same location, known as laying needle on needle. This reduced the possibility that the numbers would not be changed as the bomber manoeuvred, but required so much manual working that a new crew member was introduced to operate the console, the bomb-aimer's mate. The inputs operated by the bomb-aimer's mate drove a mechanical calculator inside the console, or computor.
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In 1987 SynOptics introduced the first twisted-pair Ethernet at 10 Mbit/s in a star- wired cabling topology with a central hub, later called LattisNet. These evolved into 10BASE-T, which was designed for point-to-point links only, and all termination was built into the device. This changed repeaters from a specialist device used at the center of large networks to a device that every twisted pair-based network with more than two machines had to use. The tree structure that resulted from this made Ethernet networks easier to maintain by preventing most faults with one peer or its associated cable from affecting other devices on the network.
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This station has now signed an affiliation agreement with Tribune Entertainment's Antenna TV network, as of October 24, 2018. It is also now boosting its signal coverage area to cover more of Chattanooga, 30 miles northwest. North Georgia Television also owned WTNB-CA in Cleveland, Tennessee until selling it to PTP Holdings in 2009; in 2005, WTNB and WDNN both offered similar schedules featuring FamilyNet and local programming, but WTNB produced its own local programming separate from WDNN and its repeaters. WDNN-CD was also repeated by LaFayette, Georgia's WLFW-LP (on channel 41) until February 16, 2017, when the Federal Communications Commission cancelled WLFW-LP's license.
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L-carrier also carried the first television network connections, though the later microwave radio relay system soon became more important for this purpose. Type L-3 was used for a short time for coast-to-coast network television feeds, but the advent of NTSC color was the cause for the move to Type TD microwave radio. The tube repeaters of the L-3 added too much group delay to the baseband broadcast signal for the cables to be of much use to broadcasters, and "L-pipes" weren't used for broadcast television much as around 1964.Recollections of early network television service at the Los Angeles Television Operating Center, c.
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They were used at the Battle of Chickamauga and had become fairly widespread in the Western armies by 1864. Repeater rifles for comparison were rare in the Army of the Potomac. Notable early instances of use included the Battle of Hoover's Gap (where Colonel John T. Wilder's "Lightning Brigade" of mounted infantry effectively demonstrated the firepower of repeaters), and the Gettysburg Campaign, where two regiments of the Michigan Brigade (under Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer) carried them at the Battle of Hanover and at East Cavalry Field.Rummel III, George, Cavalry of the Roads to Gettysburg: Kilpatrick at Hanover and Hunterstown, White Mane Publishing Company, 2000, .
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W16AL is a low-power television station licensed to Burlington, Vermont. It was previously a repeater that broadcast programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network, via satellite; in recent years, due to TBN's financial problems, many of its repeaters were sold to other parties, including W16AL, which was sold to Luken Communications, the parent company of Retro Television Network, under the licensee name "Digital Networks - Northeast".FCC application: "Notification of Suspension of Operations / Request for Silent STA" for W19CX Many of these stations, including W16AL, was acquired by Luken from the Minority Media and Telecom Council (MMTC).FCC document of sale of W16AL; January 2011.
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This created the largest television market in terms of land mass in the United States, stretching across 70 counties in Kansas and far southern Nebraska. KCKT's owner, Central Kansas Television, then purchased Wichita's KARD-TV (channel 3) and combined it with its existing three-station network. The new group was known as the "Kansas State Network," based at KARD. To help its viewers think of its four stations as part of one large network, in 1983, KARD changed its call letters to KSNW and had its repeaters adopt similar call letters under the "KSN" structure (KOMC changed its calls to KSNK, KCKT changed theirs to KSNC and KGLD became KSNG).
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2007 map showing submarine fiberoptic telecommunication cables around the world. The communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a system of software layers that control various aspects of the architecture. As with any computer network, the Internet physically consists of routers, media (such as cabling and radio links), repeaters, modems etc. However, as an example of internetworking, many of the network nodes are not necessarily internet equipment per se, the internet packets are carried by other full- fledged networking protocols with the Internet acting as a homogeneous networking standard, running across heterogeneous hardware, with the packets guided to their destinations by IP routers.
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Initially, T1 used Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) to reduce frequency bandwidth and eliminate the DC component of the signal. Later B8ZS became common practice. For AMI, each mark pulse had the opposite polarity of the previous one and each space was at a level of zero, resulting in a three level signal which however only carried binary data. Similar British 23 channel systems at 1.536 megabaud in the 1970s were equipped with ternary signal repeaters, in anticipation of using a 3B2T or 4B3T code to increase the number of voice channels in future, but in the 1980s the systems were merely replaced with European standard ones.
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A four-wire terminating set (4WTS) is a balanced transformer used to perform a conversion between four-wire and two-wire operation in telecommunication systems. For example, a 4-wire circuit may, by means of a 4-wire terminating set, be connected to a 2-wire telephone set. Also, a pair of 4-wire terminating sets may be used to introduce an intermediate 4-wire circuit into a 2-wire circuit, in which loop repeaters may be situated to amplify signals in each direction without positive feedback and oscillation. The 4WTS differs from a simple hybrid coil in being equipped to adjust its impedance to maximize return loss.
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In 1962, Robert Aaron of Bell introduced the T1 system, which allowed a pair of twisted pair lines to carry 1.544 Mbps of data over a distance of about one mile. This was used in the Bell network to carry traffic between local switch offices, with 24 voice lines and a separate 8 kbps line for signaling commands like connecting or hanging up a call. This could be extended over long distances using repeaters in the lines. T1 used a very simple encoding scheme, alternate mark inversion (AMI), which reached only a few percent of the theoretical capacity of the line but was appropriate for 1960s electronics.
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With ISDN allowing digital- quality voice, two separate lines and all-the-time data, the telephony world was convinced there would be high customer demand for such systems. This proved not to be the case. During the lengthy standardization process, new concepts, especially local area networks like Ethernet, provided performance around 10 Mbps which had become the baseline for computer connections. Additionally, modems had continued improving, introducing 9600 bps systems in the late 1980s and 14.4 kbps in 1991, significantly eroded ISDN's value proposition for the average customer. Meanwhile, Lechleider had proposed using ISDN's echo cancellation and 2B1Q encoding on existing T1 connections, doubling the distance between repeaters to about .
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CIHO-FM is a French language community radio station that broadcasts at 96.3 FM in Saint-Hilarion, Quebec, Canada. Its network of five transmitters serves the Charlevoix and Charlevoix-Est RCMs in the Capitale-Nationale region northeast of Quebec City. Owned by Radio MF Charlevoix, the station was licensed in 1985.Decision CRTC 85-62 On August 28, 2009, Radio MF Charlevoix received CRTC approval for a new French language Class B community FM radio station in Saint-Hilarion, with repeaters in La Malbaie, Baie-Saint-Paul, Petite-Rivière-Saint-François and Saint-Siméon; this license, which was not consummated and expired in August 2011, would have replaced the previous license for the station held by Radio MF Charlevoix.
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Edison's patent specified that the audio recording was embossed. # ' – Acoustic Telegraphs # ' – Automatic-Telegraph Perforator and Transmitter # ' – Speaking-Machines # ' – Speaking-Telegraphs # ' – Speaking-Telegraphs # ' – Speaking-Telegraphs # ' – Speaking-Telephones # ' – Telephone Call-Signal # ' – Telephones or Speaking-Telegraphs # ' – Circuits for Acoustic or Telephonic Telegraphs # ' – Perforating Pens # ' – Pneumatic Stencil-Pens # ' – Duplex Telegraphs # ' – Duplex Telegraphs # ' – Speaking-Telephones # ' – Quadruplex- Telegraph Repeaters # ' – Vocal Engines (better known as the Phonomotor) # ' – Automatic Telegraphs # ' – Electric Lights # ' – Thermal Regulators for Electric Lights # ' – Sextuplex Telegraphs # ' – Duplex Telegraphs # ' – Magneto-Electric Machines # ' – Apparatus for Electric Lights # ' – Electric Lighting Apparatus # ' – Dynamo-Electric Machine # ' – Electric Lights # ' – Telephones # ' – Carbon-Telephones # ' – Magneto-Electric Machines : Edison main dynamo. The device's nickname was the "long-legged Mary-Ann". This device has large bipolar magnets and is highly inefficient.
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They have subcontracted the construction and operation of the network to Norkring. The network is based on DVB-T transmission with MPEG-4 encoding, using five multiplexes. Each multiplex gives a capacity of 20 megabits of content distribution. The television network covers 95 percent of the population; the rest must have access to satellite television. It is transmitted using 430 transmitters, of which there are 42 main transmitters. NTV is required to cover 5,200 homes (0.25 percent) which are in the satellite shadow—meaning they do not have access to cable or satellite because of typographical hindrances. Six hundred repeaters are installed to serve the shadow areas, many of which only relay NRK's channels.
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The first public television station in West Virginia signed on July 14, 1969 under the callsign WMUL-TV, broadcasting from Marshall University in Huntington. In 1981, WMUL-TV changed its call letters to WPBY-TV; two years later, the public station at West Virginia University in Morgantown, WWVU-TV, was renamed WNPB-TV. WPBY-TV and WNPB-TV received their new call letters to underline that the operations were managed by the state educational broadcasting authority, and not the university system. In 1992, the state completed a microwave link that permitted it to convert WNPB and the state's third PBS station, WSWP-TV in Grandview to become repeaters of WPBY-TV in Huntington and form a state network.
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That same month on March 13, the station changed its callsign to KWDW-LP. On June 25, 2008, Equity announced that it would sell KUOK, its low-power repeaters and KUTU to Luken Communications (owned by former Equity executive Henry Luken). That December, Equity Media Holdings filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection; offers by Luken Communications to acquire Equity-owned stations in six markets were later withdrawn.Equity's Management Cause of Downfall, Former CEO Asserts, Mark Hengel, Arkansas Business, February 2, 2009 KUOK and its translators were sold at auction to the Tyler Media Group on April 16, 2009; this effectively created a duopoly between KUOK and Telemundo affiliate KTUZ-TV (channel 30).
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In the same year, it built the first of several low-powered translators; much of the surrounding area was among the few areas of the Northeastern United States that was still without public radio. Its first full-powered repeaters, WSLO in Malone and WSLL in Saranac Lake began broadcasting in 1989, with additional stations signing on in the early 1990s. It now comprises 15 full-power FM transmitters and 18 low-powered translators serving the North Country, parts of western Vermont and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec with regional and national news, public affairs programs, and an eclectic variety of music."NCPR: on the Air and on the Map", North Country Public Radio.
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The out-of-market CKNR from Elliot Lake, CJJM from Espanola and CFRM and CHAW from Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands can be heard in parts of the city, particularly in the western half of Walden. In 2008, CFRM applied to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to add a rebroadcaster in Sudbury, citing that this "would allow Sudbury residents who own property on Manitoulin Island to stay connected by providing them with important information relating to local weather, marine and road reports and events specific to Manitoulin." That application was denied by the CRTC on April 29, 2008.CRTC Decision 2008-90 CBCS, CBON and CJTK have repeaters in Espanola and on Manitoulin Island.
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The station is controversial,Tabla pogovorov :: Splošno :: Re: Zakaj ne vidim Italia 1 La voce del popolo TV e frontiera, un caso triestino because it transmits, from the local repeater of Tinjan, near the town of Koper, on the Slovenian Littoral, on the channel UHF 52. However, in the same area, on the same channel, transmits, from the repeater of Conconello in Trieste (but also receivable on the same frequency from the repeaters of Monte Madonna (Teolo) in Padova, Prati della Chiesa (Pedrosa) Udine, and Monte San Michele (Sagrado) in Gorizia),OTG TV the Italian private channel Italia Uno, which is the most watched channel by the youths of both Italy, and the Slovenian Littoral.
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Around that time, CKGF began operating as a semi-satellite of CJAT in Trail. In 1993, CKGF began simulcasting programs of CKQR Castlegar. On August 18, 2004, Boundary Broadcasting was authorized to delete the originating CKGF Grand Forks transmitter, which was already off the air. CKGF-2-FM Greenwood became the originating station for repeaters CKGF-1-FM Christina Lake, and CKGF-3-FM Rock Creek.Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2004-356 The arrangement became official on January 16, 2007.Broadcasting Desion CRTC 2007-35 On March 3, 2014, the CRTC approved Vista's application to operate a new originating station in Grand Forks, of which the current CKGF transmitters in Greenwood, Rock Creek and Christina Lake would rebroadcast.
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The last NTIA grants offered to LPTV Broadcasters/Repeaters to convert their systems to digital ended in July 2012. The September 2015 deadline is to allow for possible new construction to accommodate digital equipment.FCC Sets Deadlines for LPTV, TV Translator and Class A Stations To Convert to Digital - And Gives Hints When Television Spectrum May Be Reclaimed for Broadband Broadcast Law Blog July 19, 2011 Unlike the TV Full-Power Transmitter Digital Conversion in 2009, there will be no consumer subsidy program for the final LPTV digital conversion deadline since it is anticipated that without DTV Set-Top Converter Boxes, the majority of remaining SDTV/EDTV models in use should have left the consumer market by then.
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For the 2014 model year, the XV Crosstrek Hybrid was introduced in two trims, the XV Crosstrek Hybrid and Hybrid Touring. The base Hybrid model included the Limited's features, MPG of 29 city, 33 city, removes the leather interior, and added different wheels, grill shutters, quick-ratio electric power-steering, side mirrors with signal repeaters, keyless ignition, chrome door handles, and an upgraded multi- function display, along with more power (up to and of torque). The Hybrid touring included a sunroof, leather, a navigation system with voice controls, Aha radio, HD radio, Satellite radio, and a 6.1 inch head unit. The Premium and Limited trims could be equipped with the upgraded head unit and a sunroof.
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On November 1, 1985, the Dirección del Centro de Producción de Televisión Imevisión de San Luis Potosí (Imevisión Television Production Center San Luis Potosí) was launched to produce local opt-out programming for Imevisión.Periódico Oficial de San Luis Potosí 26 February 2002 By 1990, given changing circumstances and the impending privatization of Imevisión, the agreement had been phased out, and instead a new television station was built, XHSLS-TV channel 9; XHSLS was permitted in May 1987 and replaced an earlier station on channel 7. It boasted repeaters in Matehuala (XHATS-TV channel 4, which stopped operating early in the 2000s) and Tamazunchale (XHAZS-TV channel 6). XHAZS never operated in digital, and its concession was not renewed.
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In the United States, the Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) is a licensed by rule two-way radio service similar to Citizens Band (CB). Established by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission in the fall of 2000, MURS created a radio service allowing for licensed by rule (Part 95) operation in a narrow selection of the VHF band, with a power limit of 2 watts. The FCC formally defines MURS as "a private, two-way, short-distance voice or data communications service for personal or business activities of the general public." MURS stations may not be connected to the public telephone network, may not be used for store and forward operations, and radio repeaters are not permitted.
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IP-DECT is a technology used for on-site wireless communications. It uses the DECT air interface for reliable wireless voice and data communication between handsets and base stations and the well established VoIP technology for the corded voice communication between base stations and server functions. The advantage is the circuit switched approach and therefore better specified quality of service for vocal communication than with Wireless LAN. A DECT phone must remain in proximity to its own base (or repeaters thereof), and WLAN devices have a better range given sufficient access points, however voice over WLAN handsets impose significant design and maintenance complexity for large networks to ensure roaming facilities and high quality-of-service.
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NPG to buy two broadcast TV affiliates, radio station In late 2008, KJCT's third digital subcarrier became western Colorado's affiliate for The CW. However, despite The CW being available locally, Denver's KWGN-TV, which has been on cable for decades in Grand Junction, is still available through two low-powered repeaters in the area. On August 2, 2013, News Press & Gazette announced the sale of KJCT's license assets to Excalibur Broadcasting and its non-license assets to Gray Television; Excalibur is owned by former Gray executive, Don Ray. Gray planned to operate the station through joint sales and shared services agreements, making KJCT a sister station to KKCO. The sale was completed on October 31.
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Montana PBS is the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member public television state network for Montana. It is a joint venture between Montana State University (MSU) and the University of Montana (UM). The network is headquartered in the Visual Communications Building on the MSU campus in Bozeman, with a separate studio on the UM campus in Missoula. The network comprises six stations — flagship KUSM-TV (channel 9) in Bozeman and full- power satellites KUFM-TV (channel 11) in Missoula, KBGS-TV (channel 16) in Billings, KUHM-TV (channel 10) in Helena, KUGF-TV (channel 21) in Great Falls and KUKL-TV (channel 46) in Kalispell — and a network of 60 low-powered repeaters in Montana.
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New York: McGraw-Hill. . In 1997, Tyco acquired AT&T; Submarine Systems, gaining research and development and fleet assets, along with the manufacturing capability to produce repeaters and transmission equipment.Wall Street Journal Tyco to Buy for $850 Million AT&T;'s Cable-Laying Unit April 14, 1997 These additional capabilities, combined with cable manufacturing at Tyco Integrated Cables Systems in Newington, New Hampshire, established Tyco Telecommunications as the world's first vertically integrated global optical network supplier, capable of developing the technology and manufacturing the components, to designing, building and maintaining systems. In July 1997, Tyco merged by reverse takeover with a smaller publicly traded security services company named ADT Limited, controlled by Michael Ashcroft.
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New Vision subsequently launched the My Valley branding for several services offered by WKBN, WYFX, and WYTV. In September 2007, New Vision acquired Savannah, Georgia ABC affiliate WJCL-TV from Piedmont Television; in November, it acquired all of the assets of Montecito Broadcasting: KOIN-TV in Portland, Oregon; KHON-TV in Honolulu, Hawaii and satellites; KSNW-TV in Wichita, Kansas and satellites; and (in a related stock transaction) KSNT-TV in Topeka, Kansas. In 2008, New Vision bought KTMJ-CA and repeaters in Topeka (co-managed with KSNT) and announced plans to convert KBNZ-LD in Bend, Oregon (which has since been sold) from a translator of KOIN to its own station.
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The earliest firearms were loaded with loose powder and a lead ball, and to fire more than a single shot without reloading required multiple barrels, such as pepper-box guns and double-barreled shotguns, or multiple chambers, such as in revolvers. Both of these add bulk and weight over a single barrel and a single chamber, however, and many attempts were made to get multiple shots from a single loading of a single barrel through the use of superposed loads. While some early repeaters such as the Kalthoff repeater managed to operate using complex systems with multiple feed sources for ball, powder and primer, easily mass-produced repeating mechanisms did not appear until self-contained cartridges were developed.
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On September 20, 2016, MPBN rebranded as "Maine Public". Following the merger, WMEA-TV became the flagship station for a secondary PBS service, Maine Public Television Plus; unlike the main network, this service expanded its over-the-air reach through the use of low-power repeaters—W39BQ in Lewiston, which signed on January 1, 1994, and W30BF in Bangor, which launched on April 16, 1994. (preview of subscription content) Cuts in federal funding led to the elimination of MPT Plus on June 30, 1996; WMEA and W30BF then reverted to carrying the primary Maine Public Television service (though the latter station was sold in 1999 and is now Positiv affiliate WCKD-LP), while W39BQ eventually ceased operations.
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HABET Flight Stack The following is an excerpt from Ralph Wallio on the beginnings of the HABET program in the SSCL: > HABET was started by the Central Iowa Technical Society (CITS) an Amateur > Radio organization. CITS launched four HABET flights, HABET-1 through > HABET-4, 1993–1994, from the rural home of Ralph Wallio, W0RPK, in north > central Warren County. HABET-1 was a traffic load test on a packet radio > digital repeater which was developed to fly on STS (this payload did not fly > on STS but it began the process that resulted in ARISS today). Flights > HABET-2, -3 and -4 included GPS telemetry, Amateur Radio repeaters (23>70 > cm) and numerous experiments.
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ComReg set prices, allocate frequencies, and issue licenses to those involved in these sectors and provides statistical data, consumer product price comparisons to assist consumers in achieving value for money on a fair basis. In relation to terrestrial television and radio, the commission acts in conjunction with the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland. After the enactment of the Broadcasting Act 2009 RTÉ and TG4 authorities were disbanded and now come under the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland's remit. ComReg is also tasked with enforcing wireless telegraphy legislation, in particular the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1926, in relation to use of the radio spectrum, which includes actions against pirate radio stations, distributors of mobile phone repeaters and other unlicensed users of radio spectrum.
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Decision 2001-509 In this sense, CTV as it presently operates could be seen as an enlarged BBS by another name, rather than the direct successor to the "original" CTV; however, for most viewers, this is a technicality of little practical significance. Baton's independents and newly disaffiliated CHRO were sold to CHUM Limited, becoming NewNet stations; however CTVglobemedia (now Bell Media), Baton's successor as a corporate entity, reacquired them as part of its purchase of CHUM Limited in 2007. These stations are now operated by Bell Media under the CTV Two banner. Baton's CBC affiliates were later sold to the public broadcaster, and became repeaters of other CBC owned-and-operated stations.
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TV-2, a Kent State University student-run production, is available on campus, on local cable, and online. Kent is also in range of the television stations that broadcast out of Youngstown. Studios of WKSU For radio, Kent is part of the Akron Radio Market, though it is within range of major stations in the Cleveland Radio Market as well as many in the Youngstown-Warren and Canton markets. Two radio stations, both on the FM dial, are licensed to Kent. WKSU, at 89.7 FM, broadcasts from the campus of Kent State University and is the main affiliate for National Public Radio in Northeast Ohio for the Akron, Canton, and Cleveland radio markets via repeaters around the region.
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A DSL loop extender is a device that a telephone company can place between subscriber premises equipment and central office interfaces to extend the distance and increase the channel capacity of digital subscriber line (DSL) connections. ADSL repeaters are deployed by rural telephone companies trying to provide rural Internet service to farms and small towns where it is impractical to place the DSLAM closer to the subscriber. Typical distance improvements with a loop extender are shown in the diagram below, with rate in megabits per second and distance in thousands of feet.Strowger :: Infinite Reach ADSL center Multiple loop extenders can be placed on a line, effectively making the reach of the ADSL signal infinite.
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Bender makes cameo appearances in several Family Guy episodes. In "Blue Harvest" he can be seen at the Mos Eisley cantina, and in "The Splendid Source", he is one of the repeaters of a dirty joke whose original author Peter Griffin, Joe Swanson, and Glenn Quagmire are seeking. In the episode "Boopa-dee Bappa-dee", Peter attempts to use the guide on the television remote, turning Stewie Griffin into a host of past and present Animation Domination characters, including Bender. In "Throw it Away", Lois Griffin drags Stewies Time Machine down the stairs which takes them to, in order, the 1950s, the 18th century, the future, with Chris Griffin replaced by Bender.
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Radio 1RPH 1125 kHz Canberra (89.5FM Wagga, 99.5FM Junee) is a volunteer- staffed AM band radio broadcast station in the Australian Capital Territory serving all of the ACT and surrounding areas of NSW including Queanbeyan, Yass and Michelago, with FM repeaters at Wagga and Junee,VHF FM RADIO Callsign order , ACMA, July 2012, accessed 8 August 2012 and a streaming media on its web site. Radio 1RPH is a member of the Radio Print Handicapped Network. Its catch-phrases are, Your information station and Turning print into sound, and it is intended to serve all those who are, for any reason, handicapped from reading printed material. Newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed material are read to air.
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The delay was due to the unexpected domestic demand. The export version included different tail lamps with integrated reverse and amber turn signal lamps, larger external rear view mirrors with integrated side turn signal repeaters, a rear bumper without reverse light inserts, and other changes as to comply with ECE regulations. Although not in continuous production for the entire period, the 2012 model year marked the 45th anniversary of the Camaro and this was commemorated with a model available only in "Carbon Flash Metallic" paint. This edition Camaro also included a unique stripe package, red, white, and blue interior stitching and 45th edition exclusive 20-inch wheels. The V6 was updated to a 3.6 L "LFX" engine producing .
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The technology, deployed by Metricom Inc., worked as a wireless mesh network: packets were forwarded by small repeaters (typically mounted on streetlights, for the use of which Metricom negotiated agreements with municipal governments) and might "bounce" among several such units along the path between an end-user's modem and a wired internet access point; hence the name of the service. The wireless ISP service was an outgrowth of technology Metricom had developed to facilitate remote meter reading for utility companies. It was originally inspired by amateur packet radio, but differed from this technology in many respects: for instance, Ricochet used spread spectrum (FHSS) technology in the low-power "license- free" 900 MHz ISM band of the RF spectrum.
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Call Book is annual publication that provides an index of all licensed amateurs in New Zealand by call sign, providing addresses for the purpose of contact acknowledgement (QSL), as well as much other information useful to the New Zealand radio enthusiast, such as a series of Repeater/Beacon Maps for both VHF and UHF repeaters based around New Zealand. This eighty page stapled publication is included free with membership of NZART, bundled with the November-December issue of Break-In. Although produced as a paper publication, electronic versions have also been produced on CD-ROM, with the last version produced in this format in 2017. The membership decide each year at the AGM on the format to be produced.
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CBTK-FM was previously repeated on CBYK-FM Kamloops and on 22 CBC radio repeaters in the Thompson and Cariboo regions. On October 28, 2011, the CBC filed an application with the CRTC to convert CBYK-FM to an anchor of a new regional CBC Radio One network. The CRTC approved the new regional network on March 30, 2012, with a start-up date slated for October 9, 2012. CBUC-FM, which was originally to have been part of the new network, will remain a repeater of CBTK-FM, following interventions from various parties, including the City of Salmon Arm, that the region is more economically-tied with the Okanagan region than with Kamloops.
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In the spring of 2017, WCQS and its associated stations rebranded under the name "Blue Ridge Public Radio", with WCQS (and its repeaters and translators) continuing to air the established format of NPR programming and classical music. At this point WYQS became the home for a new channel, BPR News, with the aim of providing listeners with the choice of an all-speech format station in addition to the established NPR/classical format on WCQS. The reception areas of WCQS and BPR News overlap significantly in some areas due to the topography, giving listeners a choice of FM listening from Blue Ridge Public Radio. The station also makes efforts to push uptake of its mobile app and streaming services.
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As part of the relaunch, Bell expanded the system's coverage area. Alberta's provincial education channel Access (which had aired a limited amount of A programming) was renamed CTV Two Alberta and began carrying the full CTV Two primetime lineup excluding local CTV News programming. On June 17, 2011, Bell also filed an application with the CRTC and Industry Canada to establish additional repeaters for CKVR-DT to expand its signal farther into the Golden Horseshoe area; on UHF 42 in Fonthill, serving Niagara Falls, Fort Erie and St. Catharines, and a repeater on UHF 35 on CHCH-DT's Tower, serving Hamilton, Oakville, Haldimand County, Caledonia, Brantford, Milton and Cambridge. These applications were later approved by the CRTC.
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Instead radio programs were transmitted by copper wire, using a hub and spoke system, to loudspeakers in approved listening stations, such as the "Red" corner of a factory.Stephen Lovell, "How Russia learned to listen: radio and the making of Soviet culture." p 600-1 Due to the enormous size of the country Russia today leads in the number of TV broadcast stations and repeaters. There were few channels in the Soviet time, but in the past two decades many new state-run and private-owned radio stations and TV channels appeared. The telecommunications system in Russia has undergone significant changes since the 1980s, resulting in thousands of companies licensed to offer communication services today.
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GB75RD at QRZ.COM More recently Ofcom have agreed to what was a very special arrangement for the use of the Special Event Station call sign Gx100RSGB during 2013 to mark the 100th anniversary of the RSGB (where "x" is replaced by the secondary location identifier, M, W, I, D, U and J, etc. but never with B to form the typical 'GB' prefix for other special events.) Exceptionally, call signs taking the form 'GB3xx' are usually allocated to repeaters whilst beacons usually take the 'GB3xxx' form. The GR prefix has now been allocated, as of 2017, as a special event prefix alongside "GB", as the callsign GR2HQ has been in use under a Notice of Variation (NoV) since 2011.
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The simulcast continued until 1997, when KIIS AM flipped to Sports Talk as KXTA, simulcasting with XETRA-AM Tijuana/San Diego until 2005. In 1996, in a deal in which Gannett acquired WTSP television in the Tampa, Florida market from Jacor, KIIS-AM-FM was acquired by Jacor/Citicasters, which in 1998, merged into Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia). After Clear Channel's acquisition of KAVS (now KVVS) and KYHT (now KLXB), the two stations abandoned their previous format as "High Desert Modern Rock 97.7 & 105.3" and together began serving as repeaters for KIIS-FM. Another simulcast, KIIS (1220 AM) in Santa Clarita, was added in 1999, as well as KFMS (101.9 FM) in Las Vegas, Nevada.
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The Chargers were not called Chrysler Valiant Chargers any longer; with the 'Valiant' name being dropped.Chrysler Valiant VK Retrieved from Unique Cars And Parts on 4/8/2008 The VK Regal also had blinker repeaters housed in small chrome boxes which sat on top of both front guards. Another unusual option was the Fuel Pacer option from the Chrysler US parts bin which detected low engine vacuum – as under hard acceleration – and illuminated the driver side guardtop blinker repeater to indicate wasteful driving. Inertia-reel seatbelts and slightly different heater controls were introduced on the VK, as well as a combination control stalk for the lights and wipers from the Mitsubishi Galant.
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With God's Eye near telecommunications repeaters, Dom, Brian, Nobody, and his team track down and capture Shaw, but are ambushed by Jakande and his henchmen and forced to flee while Jakande obtains God's Eye, as the injured Nobody calls for medical attention. The team returns to Los Angeles where Dom plans to singlehandedly fight Shaw alone, while Letty, Brian, Tej, and Roman plan to protect Ramsey from the wrath of Jakande. Meanwhile, Brian promises Mia that he will fully dedicate himself to their family after he defeats Shaw and Jakande. As Jakande pursues Brian and the rest of the team with a stealth helicopter and an aerial drone, Ramsey attempts to hack into God's Eye.
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A net is nothing more than a time of day and a radio frequency where the appropriate group of amateur operators can meet to send the messages on their way. ARRL Radiogram traffic typically begins and ends its journey at local nets, often through nearby repeaters. Local nets typically involve city or county-wide coverage on VHF (2-metre band) or UHF (70 cm band), and although the ARRL does not endorse a single mode for traffic passing, messages are typically relayed by voice at this level. Representatives from section nets relay traffic collected from local nets up to the appropriate region net, or relay to a nearby section for further delivery.
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The groundtrack of QZSS orbit, which has similar characteristics to a Tundra orbit, but a lower inclination From 2000 to 2016, Sirius Satellite Radio, now part of Sirius XM Holdings, operated a constellation of three satellites in Tundra orbits for satellite radio. The RAAN and mean anomaly of each satellite were offset by 120° so that when one satellite moved out of position, another had passed perigee and was ready to take over. The constellation was developed to better reach consumers in far northern latitudes, reduce the impact of urban canyons and required only 130 repeaters compared to 800 for a geostationary system. After Sirius' merger with XM it changed the design and orbit of the FM-6 replacement satellite from a tundra to a geostationary one.
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When finished speaking, the CapCom would release the PTT, which would send the outro tone, and the astronauts would respond to Mission Control. Therefore, those transmissions would consist of a "beep" (PTT press) followed by Houston talking, then another "beep" (PTT release) and finally the voice of the astronauts. Another misconception about Quindar tones is that they were designed to signal the end of a transmission, similar to a courtesy tone used on many half-duplex radio repeaters. Although the astronauts may have secondarily used the Quindar outro tone to know when the CAPCOM had started/stopped speaking, no equivalent existed for Mission Control because the astronauts keyed their transmissions locally (inside the spacecraft) using either a PTT or VOX, neither of which required Quindar tones.
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Power-line communication systems were also manufactured by the company in those years along with the first fixed and mobile communication terminals in VHF band (1972) for vehicular communications (precurring modern mobile phones) and anti burglar alarm systems. By 1973, a whole new internal division was created for the design of television broadcasting equipments (repeaters and transmitters) whose main customer was the national television company RAI. The first television products were based on thermo-ionic tubes though the improvement of solid state technologies soon replaced vacuum tubes. Similar improvements in printed board manufacturing made microstrip circuits a viable solution for increasingly-high microwave frequencies and in 1978 the RT12 radio equipment boasted the first direct-conversion 2.3 GHz synthesized modulator and could aggregate 120 telephone channels.
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Artist's conception of a magnetar, with magnetic field lines Artist's conception of a powerful magnetar in a star cluster A magnetar is a type of neutron star believed to have an extremely powerful magnetic field (∼109 to 1011 T, ∼1013 to 1015 G). The magnetic field decay powers the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays and gamma rays.Ward; Brownlee, p.286 The theory regarding these objects was proposed by Robert Duncan and Christopher Thompson in 1992, but the first recorded burst of gamma rays thought to have been from a magnetar had been detected on March 5, 1979. During the following decade, the magnetar hypothesis became widely accepted as a likely explanation for soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs).
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The figure illustrates the great question, "What did Morse invent?" Did he invent the depicted apparatus and no more? Did he invent the more generic and abstract formulation of claim 8 — the use of electromagnetism, however developed, for marking intelligible characters at any distance? Samuel Morse’s “plan [was] combining two or more electric or galvanic circuits, with independent batteries for the purpose of overcoming the diminished force of electromagnetism in long circuits.” The concept is illustrated in the figure shown at the right. Morse inserted the relays (or “repeaters” as the opinion terms them) at sufficiently short intervals (say, every 15 to 20 miles) so that the signal was regularly restored to its initial level before noise could swamp it out.
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The channel 66 allocation in the New York City area originally began operation in 1970 as W66AA, which served as a repeater for WABC-TV (channel 7). Originally, most of the upper UHF band stations were used as a compromise to work around the "reflection" problem brought about by the then-new World Trade Center. The issue was that TV signals transmitted from the Empire State Building (about three miles north of the WTC) would bounce off the WTC skins, leading to viewers on that north/south direction getting excessive ghosting. The use of UHF translators and repeaters that were mounted on the WTC with a northward transmission pattern allowed viewers in that zone the option of tuning in to the new, and clearer, signal.
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As of February 2016, the LoRa® Alliance is made up of more than 200 members that use the global adoption of LoRaWAN open networking standards for their IoT networks."Senet Announces Expansion of the Senet LoRa-based Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) Network at Mobile World Congress 2016" PRNewswire. Retrieved 2-11-2016 LoRa® technology provides wireless range without repeaters, which simplifies system design and lowers the total cost of deployment."Senet to Reveal a New Strategic IoT Developer Initiative for 2016 at the CES 2016 Conference in Las Vegas, NV January 6 - 9, 2016" PRWeb. Retrieved 2-11-2016 The Senet Network uses the open standard protocol LoRaWAN which has been designed to provide low-lost, mobile, secure and bidirectional communication in IoT.
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In April 2013, KRBK improved its signal coverage in this vast and mostly mountainous market through the implementation of a distributed single-frequency network, consisting of five specially engineered slot antennas positioned throughout the Ozarks. All of the repeaters broadcast high definition digital signals on UHF channel 49. Due to the single-frequency system, the station was unavailable over-the-air in Salem (located in the northeast part of the market), and was only available on cable television in that town. Since the main KRBK signal missed Springfield itself, Koplar leases two subchannels of Harrison, Arkansas-licensed KWBM (channel 31) from its owner, Daystar, in order to provide a full-power signal of their Fox and MeTV channels to the southern portion of the market.
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The original XEWA in San Luis Potosí received its concession on December 2, 1948, one of a string of repeaters of XEW-AM 900 Mexico City authorized in the late 1940s. XEWA began operations on the frequency of 540 kHz with 150,000 watts of power — still its current levels, making it the most powerful AM radio station in the country. In May 1961, a second station, initially with callsign XEWM-AM, was licensed to operate in Monterrey, Nuevo León, in order to provide daytime XEW service and an improved nighttime signal there; the call letters soon were changed to XEWA-AM to match the co-channel San Luis station. It operates with 1,500 watts during the day and 1,000 watts night.
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The Univision parade float in Boston's 2016 Dominican Parade , Univision has 27 owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 37 additional television stations, encompassing 25 states, the District of Columbia and the U.S. possession of Puerto Rico. The network has an estimated national reach of 58.35% of all households in the United States (or 182,330,440 Americans with at least one television set), making Univision the largest U.S. broadcast television network by total market reach. Univision maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in several markets, including a few larger markets such as San Diego (KBNT-CD and its repeaters KTCD-LP and KHAX-LP), Minneapolis−St. Paul (WUMN-LP), and Kansas City (KUKC- LP).
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The first color program broadcast was Paraíso infantil (Children's Paradise). Mexico was also likely the third country in North America and the fourth in the world, behind the United States, Cuba, and Japan, to introduce color television. During its early years, XHGC also brought educational television to Mexico City viewers, with Telesecundaria, a pioneering educational program operated by the Secretary of Public Education. At the end of the 1980s, the then-vice president of Televisa, Alejandro Burillo Azcárraga, spearheaded drastic changes in the branding of the company's television networks. While XHGC had branded as Canal 5 for years, using various logos with the number 5. However, as the network's various repeaters were not all on channel 5, the network began branding by the XHGC callsign.
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Mediaset always has Hotbird 13 ° E of service frequencies to power terrestrial DTT / DVB-H repeaters (transmitted in a professional mode with dedicated equipment, so it can not be tuned by the end user) only sporadically in case of testing you can receive from of the standard DVB-S2 decoders. In these frequencies there are all Mediaset channels present on digital terrestrial, but still encrypted on satellite. To continue providing service to non-card users, a second satellite frequency has been activated from the same date (the channel identifier is capitalized) on which you can continue to receive the signal clear: Which do not hold foreigners' rights, however, are obscured by an information notice where users are invited to have a Tivùsat decoder.
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ARINC and Telenor have formed a joint venture company to offer such a service aboard commercial aircraft. The cell phone calls are routed via satellite to the ground network and an on-board EMI screening system prevents the cell phones from attempting to contact ground-based networks. These systems are comparatively easy to implement for customers in most of the world where GSM phones operating on one of just two bands are the norm. The multitude of incompatible mobile phone systems in the United States and some other countries makes the situation more difficult—it is not clear if the onboard repeaters will be compatible with all of the different cell-phone protocols (TDMA, GSM, CDMA, iDen) and their respective providers.
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There is usually a news department, where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV. Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks, or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters, who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live. To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators) only simulcast another, usually the programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own.
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Rear view (production model) The design is based on the Civic Hatchback, with a winged carbon fibre splitter with red accent line, slatted ducts, diamond-mesh air intakes, red 'H' badge above a new air vent at the nose of the car, new air intake on the bonnet, an air scoop sited centrally in a trapezoidal recess, smoked lenses for the LED headlights, indicators and side repeaters, carbon fibre side skirts, 20-inch piano black alloy wheels with red accents, 245/30 R20 high-performance tyres, enlarged wheel arches, a carbon fibre diffuser which runs below the wider rear bumper, 3 tailpipes with a pair of directional strakes at each side, central tailpipe in bright metallic red and unique peaks at the roof flanks that point backwards.
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In the U.S., no new on- channel UHF signal boosters have been authorized since July 11, 1975. A distributed transmission system (DTS or DTx) uses several medium-power stations (usually digital) on the same frequency to cover a broadcast area, rather than one high-power station with repeaters on a different frequency. Although digital television stations are technically capable of sharing a channel, this is more difficult with the 8VSB modulation and unvariable guard interval used in ATSC standards than with the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) used in the European and Australian DVB-T standard. A distributed transmission system would have stringent synchronization requirements, requiring each transmitter to receive its signal from a central source for broadcast at a GPS-synchronized time.
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At first the repeater gave out a measured effect of 25W, but a recently added PA increased the effect to 90W, improving the packet loss resistance and thus extending the transmitted range. The D-STAR gateway has its default reflector set to REF-031A, which collects all district 7 repeaters (southern part within Sweden) into one unique intranet. By a simple metadata command, the repeater can switch between REF-031B or C for instant coverage of the middle or northern districts. In order to be able to use the D-STAR gateway on the repeater, each HAM operator must apply for an approval within the US Trust Server network, which is done at the registration webpage at any US Trust Server connected gateway repeater.
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Passive repeaters may be used to achieve NLOS links by deliberately installing a precisely designed reflector at a critical position to provide a path around the obstruction. However they are unacceptable in most urban environments due to the bulky reflector requiring critical positioning at perhaps an inaccessible location or at one not acceptable to the planning authorities or the owner of the building. Passive reflector NLOS links also incur substantial loss due to the received signal being a 'double inverse-square law' function of the transmit signal, one for each hop from the transmit antenna to the receive antenna. However, they have been successfully used in rural mountainous areas to extend the range of LOS microwave links around mountains, thus creating NLOS links.
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The time brokerage agreement between Pappas Telecasting and Colins Broadcasting Corporation (the licensee of KSNB) expired without renewal on November 30, 2009. As a result, KSNB was removed from Fox Nebraska and shut down on December 1, 2009. As of April 2010, KTVG-TV was no longer listed on KFXL ID screens. It was stated on a message board that parent station KHGI-TV announced during a newscast that KTVG-TV shut down on April 5, 2010; this was confirmed by a comment in the station's July DTV education quarterly activity report filed with the FCC. Until KTVG shut down in April 2010, that station fed programming to KFXL and the network's low-power analog repeaters even though KFXL was billed as the main station.
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Schematic. Image #9 and #10 Lee's bolt action mechanism was a great improvement over other designs of the day. The rear-mounted lugs placed the operating handle much closer to the rifleman, over the trigger. This made it much quicker to operate than other, forward-mounted lug designs which forced the rifleman to move his hand forward to operate the bolt; also, the bolt's distance of travel was identical with the length of the cartridge, and its rotation was only 60 degrees compared to the 90 degree rotation of some French and Mauser-style actions. In addition Lee introduced a superior detachable box magazine to replace the integral magazines in use with most repeaters, and this magazine offered greater capacity than the competing Mannlicher design.
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In 2002, ORTM had 35 local radio and/or television broadcast points or repeaters, with TV/radio broadcast points in all eight Regions of Mali. From its headquarters in Bamako, ORTM produces two radio networks (RTM and Chiffre II), a national television network (RTM), and directs the work of a number of regional RTM radio stations. Considered one of the freest news markets in Africa, although government office holders threaten (and sometimes resort to) prosecution of broadcasters under Mali's strict anti-libel laws. In 2001, the head of OTRM was threatened with jail after the government attempted to prosecute RTM for an interview in which the mayor of Bamako accused the Malian judiciary of corruption."IFEX Communiqué" Vol 10, no 21.
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Chrysler Sebring 2.7 LX sedan (European model) Chrysler Sebring 2.7 LX sedan (European model) Chrysler also manufactured export versions of the 2001-2006 Sebring sedan and convertible for the mainland European market. Front and rear lights are to European standards, different from the USA & Canada in that turn-signal indicators are orange, with additional side-turn repeaters on the front fenders. The rear bumper has a larger recess for the longer European- size license plates, and two rear fog-lamps are fitted; one on each side of the license plate. The LHD headlamps incorporate Euro-type H4 bulbs, together with three-way up and down beam-level adjustment via a dash-mounted switch to the left of the steering wheel.
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The magnetic field strength on the surface of neutron stars ranges from 104 to 1011 tesla. These are orders of magnitude higher than in any other object: For comparison, a continuous 16 T field has been achieved in the laboratory and is sufficient to levitate a living frog due to diamagnetic levitation. Variations in magnetic field strengths are most likely the main factor that allows different types of neutron stars to be distinguished by their spectra, and explains the periodicity of pulsars. The neutron stars known as magnetars have the strongest magnetic fields, in the range of 108 to 1011 tesla, and have become the widely accepted hypothesis for neutron star types soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs).
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A military navigation team will nearly always consist of several people. A military navigator might have bearing takers stationed at the gyro repeaters on the bridge wings for taking simultaneous bearings, while the civilian navigator must often take and plot them himself. While the military navigator will have a bearing book and someone to record entries for each fix, the civilian navigator will simply pilot the bearings on the chart as they are taken and not record them at all. If the ship is equipped with an ECDIS, it is reasonable for the navigator to simply monitor the progress of the ship along the chosen track, visually ensuring that the ship is proceeding as desired, checking the compass, sounder and other indicators only occasionally.
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CBLT served much of Ontario through a network of over 35 rebroadcast transmitters, including all of Northeastern Ontario and most of Southwestern Ontario, with the exception of Windsor since CBET-DT serves the Windsor area. The station only served Southern Ontario and a few rural Northern Ontario communities until 2002, when it took over the CBC affiliates of the MCTV twinstick.Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2002-303 CBLGT in Geraldton and the CBLAT transmitters had operated since the early 1970s, while others were added as other CBC affiliates disaffiliated from the network or were bought by CBC. On August 16, 2011, the CRTC granted the CBC permission to continue operating 22 analogue repeaters within mandatory markets, including those in London and Kitchener.
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The system also included two sets of "repeaters" that sent the directional information to a searchlight, and both the directional and range (as dialed in on the rangefinder's handwheel) to a gun. The accuracy was not enough for direct gunlaying, but in combination with a searchlight the gun's existing optical equipment could "fine tune" the radar's guidance. The radar operated at 205 MHz with a PRF of 4098 pulses per second of 6 μS (microsecond) duration, with an inter-pulse time of 240 μS. Radio waves (light) travel at about 0.093 miles/μS round-trip, so the system had a maximum range (240 × 0.093). It broadcast about 75 kW of power, which was, in theory, more than enough to offer longer range.
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KBTC-TV's programming is also repeated on low-powered translators K41KT-D (channel 16) in Grays River (serving the inland areas of Wahkiakum and Pacific counties, and northern Clatsop County, Oregon) and K18NJ-D (channel 18) in Bellingham (serving the northern Puget Sound and San Juan Islands regions, and Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, from Mount Constitution). Both repeaters remap to PSIP channel 28. KCKA (virtual channel 15, UHF digital channel 19) in Centralia operates as a full- time satellite of KBTC-TV; this station's transmitter is located atop Crego Hill. KCKA covers areas of southwestern Washington that receive a marginal to non-existent over-the-air signal from KBTC-TV, although there is significant overlap between the two stations' respective contours otherwise.
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In the early days of radio, an operator, technician or electrical engineer was required to attend to a transmitter at any time it was operating or capable of operating. Any condition (such as distorted or off-frequency transmission) which could interfere with other radio services would require immediate manual intervention; facilities also had to be monitored for any fault conditions which could impair the transmitted signal or cause damage to the transmitting equipment. As technology improved, transmitters became more reliable, and electromechanical means of checking and later correcting problems became commonplace. Regulations eventually caught up with these advances, and radio stations (both broadcast and non-broadcast, such as amateur radio repeaters) were allowed to run unattended provided that there was such an ATS installed.
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W260CB first launched in 2000 as W206BI on 89.1 MHz as a repeater of Toledo, Ohio's WGTE-FM, covering the Hamtramck area. In 2010, it would move to 99.9 MHz as W260CB and become an FM repeater of AM 1200, before experimenting with a format of retro soul hits in early 2018. This would end when the station was purchased by Urban One, who relocated their Praise Radio station from 102.7 upon that station's sale to the Educational Media Foundation on May 1, 2018. Upon moving to 99.9 and launching on August 9, 2018, the station acquired two repeaters (W228CJ in Oak Park and W252BX in Southwest Detroit) from the EMF to fill in gaps in coverage in the area.
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By comparison, smaller scale civil defense programs were instituted in the United States starting in the 1950s, where schools and other public buildings had basements stocked with non- perishable food supplies, canned water, first aid, and dosimeter and Geiger counter radiation-measuring devices. Many of the locations were given "Fallout shelter" designation signs. CONELRAD radio information systems were adopted, whereby the commercial radio sector (later supplemented by the National Emergency Alarm Repeaters) would broadcast on two AM frequencies in the event of a Civil Defense (CD) emergency. These two frequencies, 640 and 1240 kHz, were marked with small CD triangles on the tuning dial of radios of the period, as can still be seen on 1950s-vintage radios on online auction sites and museums.
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Engine choice was enlarged to two boxers, shared with the renewed Alfasud ti, a 1.3 (1,350 cc) and an 1.5 (1,490 cc); the earlier 1286 cc units was not offered anymore, remaining exclusive to the Alfasud. Outside many exterior details were changed from chrome to matte black stainless steel or plastic, such as the wing mirrors, window surrounds and C-pillar ornaments; the B-pillar also received a black finish, the side repeaters changed position and became square, and the front turn signals switched from white to amber lenses. In the cabin the seats had more pronounced bolsters and were upholstered in a new camel-coloured fabric. Just one year later, in June 1979, another engine update arrived and the Alfasud Sprint became the Alfasud Sprint Veloce.
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A section of TAT 1 cable with the layers successively stripped back The first transatlantic telegraph cable had been laid in 1858 (see Cyrus West Field). It only operated for a month, but was replaced with a successful connection in 1866. A radio- based transatlantic telephone service was started in 1927, charging £9 (about $45 USD, or roughly $550 in 2010 dollars) for three minutes and handling around 300,000 calls a year. Although a telephone cable was discussed at that time, it was not practical until a number of technological advances arrived in the 1940s. The developments that made TAT-1 possible were coaxial cable, polyethylene insulation (replacing gutta-percha), very reliable vacuum tubes for the submerged repeaters and a general improvement in carrier equipment.
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Radio Central de México, S.A., the concessionaire of XERED-AM, received a concession to operate an FM radio station in Mexico City in 1972. XHRED-FM launched in 1976, picking up a format previously heard on 1560 AM: "Radio VIP", programming and music in English. In the 1980s, the Spanish- language Monitor newscasts were added, airing simultaneously with XERED-AM. From 1987 to 1994, the station's callsign was changed to XHVIP-FM in reference to its name. In 1995, Radiodifusora Red—which, by this point, had grown to include XERED-AM, XHRED-FM, and XHRCA-FM 91.3 in Mexico City, as well as Radio Red repeaters in Guadalajara and Monterrey (XEDKR-AM 700 and XESTN-AM 1540)—was sold to Grupo Radio Centro.
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In telecommunication, the term frequency frogging has the following meanings: # The interchanging of the frequencies of carrier channels to accomplish specific purposes, such as to prevent feedback and oscillation, to reduce crosstalk, and to correct for a high frequency response slope in the transmission line. # In microwave radio relay systems, the alternate use of two frequencies at repeater sites to prevent feedback and oscillation. Note: Frequency frogging is accomplished by having modulators, which are integrated into specially designed repeaters, translate a low-frequency group to a high- frequency group, and vice versa. A frequency channel will appear in the low group for one repeater section and will then be translated to the high group for the next section because of frequency frogging.
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The cable used only 53 repeaters with spacing at around 135km (84 miles). Part of the rationale behind the PacRim network was to bring much of the region's telecommunications traffic to Australia, forming a regional telecommunications and technology hub. The largest shareholder was OTC, Australia's international carrier and around 70 percent of the cable was manufactured in Australia. The Network was designed to have an operational life of 25 years, but became obsolete within only three years with the building of Jasuraus, although after decommissioning in 2005 the cable was cut near the Solomon Islands and relaid to form APNG-2 in 2006 connecting Sydney and Papua New Guinea, saving PNG around 80% of the cost of building a new cable and plant with the equipment from the Guam landing station being moved to PNG.
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This makes it possible for frames to be delivered on a network link that interconnects hosts by some combination of repeaters, hubs, bridges and switches, but not by network layer routers. Thus, for example, when an IP packet reaches its destination (sub)network, the destination IP address (a layer 3 or network layer concept) is resolved with the Address Resolution Protocol for IPv4, or by Neighbor Discovery Protocol (IPv6) into the MAC address (a layer 2 concept) of the destination host. Examples of physical networks are Ethernet networks and Wi-Fi networks, both of which are IEEE 802 networks and use IEEE 802 48-bit MAC addresses. A MAC layer is not required in full-duplex point-to-point communication, but address fields are included in some point-to-point protocols for compatibility reasons.
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It was, with just 178 watts of power, the lowest-powered television station operating on a regular license in North America. This distinction(which excludes repeaters of other Canadian networks, especially those affiliated with CBC Television and CBC North) was formerly tied with KJWY in Jackson, Wyoming (now WDPN-TV in Wilmington, Delaware/Philadelphia), until that station increased its power to 270 watts at the time of the digital television transition in the U.S. It was therefore the lowest-powered Canadian television station affiliated with a major network. Its main method of distribution was via sister company Shaw Cable, and other cable and satellite services. In a letter to the CRTC on November 30, 2016, Shaw Communications announced it would not renew the station's license and intended to close the station on January 27, 2017.
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Matthews's illustration of the Air Loom.Matthews believed that a gang of criminals and spies skilled in pneumatic chemistry had taken up residence at London Wall in Moorfields (close to Bethlem) and were tormenting him by means of rays emitted by a machine called the "Air Loom" or gaseous charge generator. The torments induced by the rays included "Lobster-cracking", during which the circulation of the blood was prevented by a magnetic field; "Stomach-skinning" and "Apoplexy-working with the nutmeg grater" which involved the introduction of fluids into the skull. His persecutors bore such names as "the Middleman" (who operated the Air Loom), "the Glove Woman" and "Sir Archy" (who acted as "repeaters" or "active worriers" to enhance Matthews' torment or record the machine's activities) and their leader, a man called "Bill, or the King".
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Strategically placed range-extenders can elongate a signal area or allow for the signal area to reach around barriers such as those pertaining in L-shaped corridors. Wireless devices connected through repeaters suffer from an increased latency for each hop, and there may be a reduction in the maximum available data throughput. Besides, the effect of additional users using a network employing wireless range-extenders is to consume the available bandwidth faster than would be the case whereby a single user migrates around a network employing extenders. For this reason, wireless range-extenders work best in networks supporting low traffic throughput requirements, such as for cases whereby a single user with a Wi-Fi-equipped tablet migrates around the combined extended and non-extended portions of the total connected network.
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KLRA station ID from 2004. The station became an affiliate of Spanish-language network Univision in 2001. On May 8, 2004, Equity began simulcasting the station's programming on sister station KUOK in Woodward, Oklahoma as well as its three translators (K69EK (now KOCY-LP) and KCHM-LP (now KUOK-CD) in Oklahoma City; KUOK-CA (now defunct) in Norman; and KOKT-LP (also now defunct) in Sulphur), forming a regional mini-network known as Univision Arkansas-Oklahoma. Local commercials from the Little Rock area that were inserted by that station during national commercial breaks and KLRA-LP's station identification bumpers were broadcast through this simulcast to Oklahoma viewers (the Oklahoma City repeaters were identified only through text-only IDs placed at the bottom of the screen each half-hour).
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On January 3, 2013, the repeater network of WAZE ceased operations; later that month on January 28, independent station WTVW hurriedly joined The CW, in order to maintain the network in the Evansville area. On December 2, 2013, Roberts filed to sell WZRB to Radiant Light Ministries, a subsidiary of Tri-State Christian Television, for $2 million. On December 4, Roberts also filed to sell WRBU to TCT for $5.5 million. However, on December 11, the United States bankruptcy court gave initial approval for a plan by Roberts's creditors to instead transfer WRBU, WZRB and the WAZE repeaters to a trust with Ion Media Networks (a creditor in Roberts's chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings) as its beneficiary, with Roberts' attorney subsequently stating that Ion would purchase the stations for $7.75 million.
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The phrase is also noted as the "much vaunted maxim" of the Tammany Hall political machine of the 1860s: they used "repeaters", who were given five dollars and free liquor to go and vote for recently deceased voters. This process was depicted in the Martin Scorsese film Gangs of New York (2002), where drunkards are forcibly shaved (to alter their appearance) and turned back toward polling stations to vote again. In 1933 in Dáil Éireann (the Irish lower house), Thomas Kelly of Fianna Fáil said, > If a poor man is sick in hospital and not able to get out, surely it is a > good turn to see that his vote is registered. If he has gone away and his > neighbours know his opinions, I do not see any harm in personation.
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The primary advantage of 70 centimeters is that base station antennas of very significant gain (up to 11 dB or so) are practical while 6 dB is about the practical limit on 2m. The extra 5 dB of receive and transmit gain are often critical for long-range communication, particularly for high-power repeaters which can then concentrate all of their power and receive sensitivity at the horizon. The 70-centimeter amateur band also provides a wider spectrum than the 2-meter band (in the U.S., this is 30 MHz of spectrum, compared to only 4 MHz on the 2-meter band). This allows for many more channels, accommodating fast scan television, wideband digital modes, and point-to-point linking, which may not be permitted on 2-meter and lower frequencies, depending on local regulations.
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In the United States, for example, a television license defines the broadcast range, or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires a station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages. Another form a television station may take is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting. To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs.
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The use of UHF to provide programming that otherwise would not be available, such as province-wide educational services (BC's Knowledge: channel, or TVOntario - the first UHF originating station in Canada), Télé-Québec, French language programming outside Québec and ethnic/multilingual television services), has therefore become common. Third networks such as Quatre-Saisons or Global often will rely heavily on UHF stations as repeaters or as a local presence in large cities where VHF spectrum is largely already full. The original digital terrestrial television stations were all UHF broadcasts, although some digital broadcasts returned to VHF channels after the digital transition was completed in August 2011. Digital Audio Broadcasting, deployed on a very limited scale in Canada in 2005 and largely abandoned, uses UHF frequencies in the L band from 1452 to 1492 MHz.
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A broadcaster cannot mix the numbering systems under a single call sign; the transmitters are numbered sequentially or by their analogue channel. If sequential numbering reaches 99 (such as TVOntario's former broadcast transmitters), the next transmitter is assigned a new call sign and numbered "1". Translators which share a frequency (such as CBLT's former repeaters CBLET, CBLHT, CBLAT-2 and CH4113 on channel 12) are given distinct call signs. Digital re-broadcasters may be numbered by the TV channel number of the analogue signal they replaced. TVOntario's CICO-DT-53 (digital UHF 26, Belleville) is an example; the station was converted in 2011 to vacate an out- of-core analogue channel (UHF 53), and retains CICO-TV-53's former analogue UHF television call-sign numbering as a surviving TVO repeater.
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After going dark, the station's equipment was sold to WENY-TV, who used much of it to aid in its launch. The channel 26 allocation was used for much of the 1970s and 1980s by a low-power experimental Appalachian Television Service "translator" relay station (W26AA) of WNED-TV from Buffalo, operated by the regional Board of Cooperative Educational Services, which was able to originate local programming from studios in Fredonia. Channel 26 is the last remaining survivor of WNED-TV's once massive translator network that had several repeaters scattered throughout the Southern Tier of Western New York; all of the others were shut down by 2012. The license was re-issued to a new group years later, and channel 26 signed on again on September 24, 1988 under the new call letters WTJA.
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After exhaustive testing – including comparisons to domestic and foreign single-shot and repeating rifles – the Army Ordnance Board (whose members included officers Marcus Reno and Alfred Terry) authorized the Springfield as the official firearm for the United States Army.Donovan, 2008, p. 191: "The Springfield had won out over many other American and foreign rifles, some of them repeaters, after extensive testing supervised by an army board that had included Marcus Reno and Alfred Terry."Gallear, 2001: "In 1872 the Army tested a number of foreign and domestic single-shot breechloaders..." The Springfield, manufactured in a .45-70 long rifle version for the infantry and a .45-55 light carbine version for the cavalry, was judged a solid firearm that met the long-term and geostrategic requirements of the United States fighting forces.
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It was less than an hour before dawn, and the railway tracks were shrouded with fog. Due to the fog, Button could not see his down distant signal or his down outer home signal (both were connected to electrical repeaters which showed the signal position via an instrument in his box), but he could see his 'fog object' and therefore saw no need to call out fogmen. The section from Berkeley Road to Charfield was clear, and therefore Button could accept the LMS night mail from Smith. He was perfectly justified in doing so, given that had a quarter of a mile clear between the clearing point signal and his outer home signal (the first "stop" signal controlled by Charfield box)- there was plenty of space for the mail to stop.
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International shortwave broadcasters usually do not use callsigns, instead giving the name of the service and the location of the home office, and occasionally the frequencies that the current broadcast is being transmitted on. There are a few exceptions, particularly in the United States, the time station WWV being a prime example. Amateur radio requires the call sign to be stated at the end of a communication and every ten minutes during (some hams use countdown clocks to remind them to identify); modes such as packet radio and fast-scan television often have a provision for automatic identification, either including it as part of a digital data stream or overlaying it over an analog picture. Repeaters are often designed to automatically transmit the repeater's callsign, usually in Morse code.
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An absence of portable or back–up repeaters meant there was no > redundancy in the radio infrastructure system of the Esperance region, and > therefore no workarounds available in the event of infrastructure not being > functional. These failures were compounded by radio congestion. Esperance > shire had two channel systems intended for use during incidents; the BFB > network and the DFES command network, however the DFES command network was > not able to be used during the initial days of the incident, or the 17 > November major runs by the fires, due to a faulty antenna. In response to > the failures during the fires, the construction of two mobile phone > towers—in the Grass Patch and Salmon Gums townships respectively—was > expedited by the Shire of Esperance in early December 2015.
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XEWA received its concession on December 2, 1948, one of a string of repeaters of XEW-AM 900 Mexico City authorized in the late 1940s. XEWA began operations on the frequency of 540 kHz with 150,000 watts of power — still its current levels, making it the most powerful AM radio station in the country. In May 1961, a second XEWA-AM was licensed to operate in Monterrey, Nuevo León, in order to provide daytime XEW service and an improved nighttime signal there. It operates with 1,500 watts during the day and 1,000 watts night. On March 16, 1988, XEWA struck out on its own with a grupera format known as Súper Estelar WA. Broadcasting from Monterrey, Súper Estelar was programmed by Multimedios Estrellas de Oro and served as one of Mexico's pioneering grupera stations.
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Cultural Native American and Mexican American music and programming are also featured regionally. The U.S. government operates some limited direct broadcasting services, but all are either highly specialized (and, since the dawn of the millennium, automated) information services (WWV/WWVH time service, NOAA Weather Radio) or targeted at foreign audiences like Voice of America. From 1948 to 2013, foreign-targeted broadcasts, many of which were intended as propaganda, were barred from U.S. audiences because of the Smith–Mundt Act, a restriction that has since been lifted. While NOAA Weather Radio has individual terrestrial repeaters across the United States (albeit on a special band reserved for such broadcasts), WWV, VOA and others operate from single shortwave facilities; none of these services can be heard on the AM or FM bands most common on U.S. radio.
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XEAQ and XEFH, now sister stations, engaged in a sort of "friendly competition" with each other, which remained until the 1980s, a turbulent decade that involved many changes for the stations. The first of these came when XEAQ and XEFH moved to new facilities after Rodríguez Verdugo sold his stakes in the business.Elízabeth Rodríguez Delgado, "Capítulo III: El cambio, 1960-2000" XEAQ affiliated to Grupo ACIR, while the arrival of Mexican television in Agua Prieta via repeaters of the XEW and Canal 13 networks from Mexico City attracted attention away from radio listeners. In 1997, XEAQ flipped from a format of popular ballads to grupera as "La Caliente", putting it in competition with XHSAP-FM which had signed on four years earlier as the first commercial FM station in the area.
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Bases may be bayonet-type with one or two contacts, plastic or glass wedge, or dual wire loops or ferrules used on tubular "festoon" lamps. Screw-base lamps are never used in automobile applications due to their loosening under vibration. Signal lamps with internal or external coloured lenses use colourless bulbs; conversely, lamps with colourless lenses may use red or amber bulbs to provide light of the required colours for the various functions. Typically, bulbs of 21 to 27 watts producing 280 to 570 lumens (22 to 45 mean spherical candlepower) are used for stop, turn, reversing and rear fog lamps, while bulbs of 4 to 10 W, producing 40 to 130 lm (3 to 10 mscp) are used for tail lamps, parking lamps, side marker lamps and side turn signal repeaters.
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Most of the core of the New York area, including the Five Boroughs, got only a rimshot signal even in digital, and it completely missed most of Long Island. For most of its first quarter-century as a TBN-owned station, the bulk of its viewership was in the Albany–Schenectady–Troy market. Until 2010, WTBY operated two translators in that market—W52DF channel 52 to reach Albany and the Capital District, and W47CM on channel 47 to reach Glens Falls and the Adirondacks. Both stations ceased broadcasting due to declining support, which has been attributed to the digital transition, with W52DF shutting down on March 13 and W47CM shutting down one month later. W52DF's license, along with 43 other silent TBN repeaters, was canceled on December 1, 2011 for remaining silent over a year.
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WVBT, virtual channel 43 (UHF digital channel 21), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States, serving the Hampton Roads area of southeastern Virginia (comprising the cities of Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Newport News, Hampton and environs), and the Outer Banks region of northeastern North Carolina. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group, as part of a duopoly with Portsmouth-licensed NBC affiliate WAVY-TV (channel 10). The two stations share studios on Wavy Street in downtown Portsmouth and transmitter facilities on Kings Highway (SR 125) in the Driver neighborhood of Suffolk, Virginia. There is no separate website for WVBT; instead, it is integrated with that of sister station WAVY- TV. WVBT's programming can also be seen on two Class A repeaters: WPMC-CD (channel 36) in Mappsville, Virginia; and WNLO-CD (channel 14) in Norfolk.
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The use of a CQ call is almost always used in single-sideband (SSB) voice or CW mode (morse code telegraphy). Unlike FM mode, in the SSB voice and CW mode areas of the amateur radio bands operators are free to center their transmissions where it is most optimal (such as away from adjacent traffic that can interfere) and not expected to use whole-number, divisible-by-five, or otherwise channelized center frequencies. CQ is constantly used on the HF shortwave amateur bands but very rarely used in the FM voice mode of transmission or on FM repeaters common on the VHF and UHF local bands since tuning of a repeater or FM signal does not require the aid of human perception to perfectly tune the signal. The code was used as part of the chorus to the song "Communications" by Slim Gaillard.
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At 7:30pm on 1 June 1960, New Zealand's first television channel, AKTV2, started broadcasting in Auckland from the NZBC building at 74 Shortland Street, previously used to broadcast public radio station 1YA and now home to The University of Auckland's Gus Fisher Gallery. Owned and operated by the New Zealand Broadcasting Service (NZBS, which became the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation in 1962), it initially broadcast for two hours a day, two days a week. Christchurch's CHTV3 followed in June 1961, Wellington's WNTV1 a month later, and Dunedin's DNTV2 on 31 July 1962. The numbers referred to the VHF Band I channel allocation that the main transmission (i.e. not repeaters) was broadcast on: channel 1 (44–51 MHz) in Wellington (Mount Kaukau), channel 2 (54–61 MHz) in Auckland (Waiatarua) and Dunedin (Mount Cargill), and channel 3 (61–68 MHz) in Christchurch (Sugarloaf).
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Jaguar 420G Jaguar 420G For the London Motor Show in October 1966 the Mark X was renamed the Jaguar 420G (not to be confused with the smaller Jaguar 420). The 420G was distinct from the Mark X only with the addition of a vertical central bar splitting the grille in two, side indicator repeaters on the front wings, and a chrome strip along the wing and door panels (two tone paint schemes were also available with the chrome strip omitted). Interior changes included perforations in the central sections of the leather seats, padded dashboard sections for safety, moving the clock to a central position, and the introduction of air conditioning as an option. A limousine variant was available on the standard wheelbase; a fixed, one-piece seat back topped with a sliding glass partition replaced the separate chairs of standard cars.
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Ku Satellites, "Brandon's CKX-TV closed", 10/3/2009. The station was the second major TV station in Canada to have gone dark since 1977 (when CFVO-TV in Hull, Quebec left the air; all other defunct stations in Canada became repeaters of other stations almost seamlessly), the other being CHCA-TV in Red Deer, Alberta, closing about one month before CKX. The station's license is still active after the station's closure, although CHCA's license was revoked in December 2009, and CFVO-TV's license was transferred to Radio-Quebec (now Télé-Québec) as that station later became CIVO-TV. By the time the CBC closed down its network of rebroadcasters on July 31, 2012,Speaking notes for Hubert T. Lacroix regarding measures announced in the context of the Deficit Reduction Action PlanBroadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-384, July 17, 2012.
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In 1973, Televisión Independiente de México and Telesistema Mexicano merged to form Televisa. For a time, XHIA continued to provide local programs in the early afternoon as well as network shows from "Ocho Color", but by early 1975, XHIA's primary program source had been changed to Canal 5.XHIA schedules from the early-mid 1970s printed in the El Siglo de Torreón newspaper In November 1975, the stations of Tele-Cadena Mexicana were expropriated by the Mexican government after TCM collapsed. The station allocations were put up for bidding, and in most areas Corporación Mexicana de Radio y Televisión or Tele-Radio Nacional, two state-owned enterprises, won the concessions and maintained most of the stations as repeaters of the Canal 13 network (today Azteca Uno). Immediately, XHIA dropped its Televisa programming and replaced it with Canal 13.
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WAXN-TV, virtual channel 64 (UHF digital channel 32), is an independent television station serving Charlotte, North Carolina, United States that is licensed to Kannapolis. The station is owned by Atlanta-based Cox Media Group, as part of a duopoly with Charlotte-licensed dual ABC/Telemundo affiliate WSOC-TV (channel 9). The two stations share studios on North Tryon Street (US 29/NC 49) north of uptown Charlotte and transmitter facilities near Reedy Creek Park in the Newell section of Charlotte. WAXN's programming is simulcast on fill-in digital repeaters operating on UHF channel 36 (virtual channel 64.7) in China Grove, channel 30 (virtual channel 64.5) from Crowders Mountain, W42DR-D (UHF channel 42, virtual channel 6.2) in Marion (from a transmitter southwest of Connelly Springs), and in Statesville on channel 46 (virtual channel 64.9) from Cool Springs.
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The LMA was designed to end for the full-power KNDX and KXND licenses if Gray purchases another television station in the market, but remained in place for repeaters KNDX-LD and KXND-LP, which Gray chose to acquire outright. At midnight on June 13, 2014, the full power signals of KNDX and KXND went off the air, and Fox programming were moved to a DT2 subchannel of KFYR-TV and its NBC North Dakota satellite stations. KNDX and KXND were then put up for sale on the stipulation that they be acquired by minority interests, which would allow the stations to continue operating on the conditions that they be operated independently of other stations (under minority, female and/or non-profit ownership) and not make any partnerships or sharing arrangements with other broadcasters.Gray retains MMTC as broker for former SSA’d stations, rbr.
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Frequently, there will be a nearby cable landing station, or cable termination station, which may well be shared between multiple cable systems, but in some cases, the cable may be laid many miles inland before reaching its termination point. A cable landing station may or may not be required, depending on whether, for example, the submarine cable requires power in order to provide power to submarine repeaters or amplifiers. The voltages applied to the cables can be high--3,000 to 4,000 volts for a typical trans-Atlantic telecommunications cable system, and 1,000 volts for a cross- channel telecommunications cable system. Submarine power cables can operate at many kilovolts: for example, the Fenno-Skan power cable operates at 400 kV DC. A cable termination station is the point at which the submarine cable connects into the land-based infrastructure or network.
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In addition, as costs come down, it is possible to add advanced squelch capabilities such as CTCSS (analog squelch) and DCS (digital squelch) (often marketed as "privacy codes") to inexpensive radios, as well as voice scrambling and trunking capabilities. Some units (especially amateur HTs) also include DTMF keypads for remote operation of various devices such as repeaters. Some models include VOX capability for hands-free operation, as well as the ability to attach external microphones and speakers. Consumer and commercial equipment differ in a number of ways; commercial gear is generally ruggedized, with metal cases, and often has only a few specific frequencies programmed into it (often, though not always, with a computer or other outside programming device; older units can simply swap crystals), since a given business or public safety agent must often abide by a specific frequency allocation.
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Yes TV (stylized as yes TV) is an independently owned Canadian nonprofit and CRTC licensed religious broadcasting television system in Canada. It consists of three conventional over-the-air television stations (located in the Greater Toronto Area, Calgary, and Edmonton), two rebroadcast transmitters, and several partial affiliates. Formerly known as the Crossroads Television System (CTS), the Yes TV stations and repeaters air a lineup consisting predominantly of Christian faith-based programming, such as televangelists and Crossroads' flagship Christian talk show 100 Huntley Street and "balanced" religious programming. During the late-afternoon and evening hours, Yes TV broadcasts secular, family-oriented sitcoms, game shows, and reality series; the system's September 2014 re-launch as Yes TV emphasized its newly acquired Canadian rights to a number of major U.S. reality series, such as American Idol and The Biggest Loser.
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The Solaris Mobile services use DVB-SH technology to deliver IP based data and media content to handheld and in- vehicle terminals using a hybrid satellite/terrestrial system with satellite transmission serving the whole of Europe and beyond, and terrestrial repeaters for urban and indoor penetration. The S-band frequencies used (2.00 GHz) are reserved for the exclusive use of satellite and terrestrial mobile services, and sit alongside the UMTS frequencies already in use across Europe for 3G terrestrial mobile phone services, allowing the reuse of existing cellular towers and antennas, and the simple incorporation of Solaris services in mobile handsets. Handsets equipped with the first DVB-SH chipsets were successfully demonstrated live at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona in February 2008. Major Players of the DVB-SH Ecosystem Join Forces to Demonstrate Live Mobile TV. Reuters (February 6, 2008).
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CBKST was licensed as a rebroadcaster of CBKT-DT in Regina, even though it operated as a semi-satellite with its own associated network of repeaters; it aired separate commercials and (until the 1990s) its own local news broadcasts. On cable, the station was available on Shaw Cable channel 12 and Sasktel Max channel 3. While the CBC originally planned to discontinue CBKST's over the air feed on August 31, 2011 (as the corporation did not originally plan to convert rebroadcasters in mandatory transition markets like Saskatoon to digital), the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) granted the CBC permission to allow transmitters in selected mandatory markets, including Saskatoon, to still operate an analogue feed until August 31, 2012. On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the CBC's application to delete CBKST from CBKT's licence, effective August 1, 2012.
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Each repeater either received from both directions at a low frequency band and sent in both directions at a higher band, or vice versa. This frequency frogging allowed equivalent four-wire operation on a single cable pair in two-wire operation. During the period when Type N-1 was in widespread use, Lenkurt Corporation, owned and controlled by General Telephone, fielded a variant competitor, the Type BN. BN used the same pairs and repeaters as did the Bell N-CXR, but used four channel "groups," lower single-sideband heterodyning, and 24 channels per carrier, as later seen on Western Electric's Type N-3. Type BN was used at times by Bell Operating Companies after the 1956 Hush-a-phone Decision of the US Supreme Court, a landmark case which challenged AT&T;'s "benign monopoly" of US telephone equipment industry.
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Another area of research in which integrated optics will prove pivotal in its development is Quantum communication and has been marked by extensive experimental development demonstrating, for example, quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum relays based on entanglement swapping, and quantum repeaters. Since the birth of integrated quantum optics experiments have ranged from technological demonstrations, for example integrated single photon sources and integrated single photon detectors, to fundamental tests of nature, new methods for quantum key distribution, and the generation of new quantum states of light. It has also been demonstrated that a single reconfigurable integrated device is sufficient to implement the full field of linear optics, by using a reconfigurable universal interferometer. As the field has progressed new quantum algorithms have been developed which provide short and long term routes towards the demonstration of the superiority of quantum computers over their classical counterparts.
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The Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications approved the start of operations of NOTTV on October 13, 2011. Planning the service with monthly subscription fee of 420 yen for south Kanto Plain, Aichi, Osaka, Kyoto and some other prefectures from April 1, 2012. The deployment plan was to cover approximately 73% of households by the end of 2012, approximately 91% by the end of 2014, and 125 stations or repeaters to be installed in 2016 to cover cities nationwide.. Android smartphones and tablets with ISDB-Tmm receiving capability were also sold mainly by NTT DoCoMo, although a separate tuner (TV BoX manufactured by Huawei; or StationTV manufactured by Pixela) could be purchased for iPhones and iPads as well as Android smartphones and tablets sold by au by KDDI and SoftBank Mobile to receive ISDB-Tmm broadcasts. Due to the continued unprofitability of NOTTV, mmbi, Inc.
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CTV has legally been a "television service" in the eyes of the CRTC since 2000, when it allowed its network licence to expire. CBC, Radio-Canada, TVA and Aboriginal Peoples Television Network are the only official television networks in Canada (CTV was issued a separate network licence in 2001 in order to continue to provide programming to CHFD Thunder Bay, CJBN Kenora and CITL Lloydminster.) CTV lost significant coverage in British Columbia and Newfoundland and Labrador at the beginning of the 21st century, starting with a major television realignment in Vancouver. In 2000, Canwest Global bought the television stations of Western International Communications, which owned longstanding CTV affiliates CHAN in Vancouver and CHEK-TV in Victoria. A year later, after its CTV contract ran out, Canwest made CHAN the Global owned-and-operated station for British Columbia, taking advantage of CHAN's massive network of repeaters that cover 97% of the province.
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Other than the 2009 closedowns of CHCA-TV in Red Deer, Alberta and CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba (both of which gone dark entirely), all other defunct stations in Canada became repeaters of other stations almost seamlessly. In addition, CIAN-TV Calgary and CJAL-TV Edmonton were closed down as they became the cable-only CTV Two Alberta on August 31 that same year. Following these changes, Sun News Network no longer received mandatory carriage and lost its previous low channel position in Toronto, Hamilton, London and Ottawa; the channel's programming was only available on cable and satellite providers carrying the specialty channel. In the Toronto area, shortly after the station left the air, Rogers-owned CityNews Channel took the place of CKXT on its former cable channel 15 slot for digital subscribers, while Buffalo PBS station WNED-TV occupied channel 15 for analogue subscribers.
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Command-2 The Oklahoma Highway Patrol owns and operates Command-2. Its primary functions to provide on-site broadband Internet through and onboard satellite link, a satellite and cellular phone communications rapid deployable radio communications for on- site cross-band radio net integration for VHF/UHF/800 MHz, military and amateur radio. This unit consists of only a 2008 Ford F350 with a camper attachment with onboard generator, and the ability to operate on a standalone basis due to their own power output and the ability to traverse off-road. Command-3 Command-3 is owned and maintained by the Department of Agriculture. This unit is a Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4WD pickup truck containing a large communications camper-style shell. They are equipped with multiple VHF, UHF and 800 MHz public safety radio systems, mobile repeaters, a mobile satellite communications system and telephone systems, among other capabilities.
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The BBG Submarine Communications Cable build by Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks is a three fibre pair cable, with submerged repeaters, submarine branching units and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers and is based on 100G dense wavelength division multiplexing Coherent Technology, utilising wavelength add/drop branching units along the route with an overall design capacity of 10 Tbit/s per fibre pair, underpinning the continued bandwidth growth of new broadband applications and services in the Middle East, The Indian sub-continent and the Far East. The Coherent Technology used on the system mainly consist of four major elements: high order amplitude/phase modulation, polarization multiplexing, coherent detection using a local oscillator laser in the receiver, and high-speed analog-to- digital converters and sophisticated digital signal processing in the receiver, 100G Coherent Technology can overcome various fiber impairments, such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD).
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Signal sensitivity is important for receiving systems and refers to the minimum signal level at the input that is necessary to give a signal that can be resolved reliably by the detection process at the end of the RF chain. This parameter is less important in the case of repeaters and transmitter drivers where signal levels tend to be higher and other concerns such as stage overload and spurious signal generation tend to be more relevant. Determining a value for system sensitivity can be difficult and depends on many things, including the method of detection, the signal coding method, the bandwidth of the RF channel, and whether or not digital processing is involved. Two important parameters used in assessing sensitivity performance of a system areBlake L.V., " Prediction of Radar Range", Ch.2, Radar Handbook, Ed. Skolnik M.L., McGraw-Hill, 1970 the "Probability of Detection" and the "False Alarm Rate".
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It was the first commercial television station in Mexico to bear a five-letter callsign.DOF November 17, 1970: 38–40 In 1975, the stations of Tele-Cadena Mexicana were expropriated by the Mexican government after TCM collapsed. The station allocations were put up for bidding, and in most areas Corporación Mexicana de Radio y Televisión or Tele-Radio Nacional, two state-owned enterprises, won the concessions and maintained the stations as repeaters of the Canal 13 network (today Azteca Trece). There were several major exceptions to this process, however; XHBL channel 13 Culiacán remained on the air for some time with unknown programming, XHST-TV in Mérida remained under SOMEX operation for years until the state government of Yucatán bought it in 1981,"La historia de XHST-TV", 2005 and José Manuel Acosta Castañeda maintained XHJMA, XHIA-TV channel 2 in Torreón and XHCG-TV channel 12 in Los Mochis.
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For OGF, the media sources are connected by repeaters (signal generators) being joined on a central star coupler A repeater is also used for the transition from one medium to another. There is no inauguration, the addresses are statically allocated. The number of addressable devices depends on the configuration of the vehicle bus – there may be up to 4095 simple sensors/actuators (Class I) and up to 255 programmable stations (Class 2, with configuration slots). The physical level is using transmissions at a 1.5 Mbit/s data rate using Manchester II encoding. The maximum distance is determined on the restriction of a maximum allowed reply delay of 42.7 µs (where for longer distances a second mode is used that allows up to 83.4 μs with reduced throughput, in case MVB is used for switchgear on the track side) while most system parts communicate with a response time of a typical 10µs.
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FCC list of "nightlight" stations In a separate category, low power television stations were permitted to continue analog broadcasts for several more years. On July 15, 2011, the FCC posted the required transition deadlines for low power television. Stations broadcasting on channels 52 to 69 were required to vacate those channels by December 31, 2011, and all analog television transmitters (primarily low-powered (LP), and Class-A low-powered (-CA) stations, and also broadcast translator (TX) repeaters in rural communities) were required to shut down by September 1, 2015. On April 24, 2015, it was announced that the conversion date for standard LPTVs and translators still broadcasting in analog had been suspended until further notice, due to economic problems that might have arisen from the then-upcoming spectrum auction; however, Class A low-powered stations were still required to convert by the original deadline date of September 1, 2015.
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In September 2009, The Federal Communications Commission agreed to Sirius XM's request for a special temporary authority to operate 20 terrestrial repeaters for the satellite radio service in Puerto Rico. The commission did so over the objections of the Puerto Rico Radio Broadcasters Association (Asociación de Radiodifusores de Puerto Rico), who said the approval expands the Sirius XM reach outside its authorized coverage area and would allow Sirius XM to compete with terrestrial broadcasters for listeners. After receiving communications by public officials in opposition to the broadcasters, such as Puerto Rico Secretary of State Kenneth McClintock, in rejecting those arguments, the commission said Sirius XM's footprint already covers the island but the signal is weak and blocked by tall buildings and foliage. As for the impact on competition, the FCC said it has considered these arguments before and "declined to find that" satellite radio would harm local broadcasters.
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A significant advantage is that with a USB modem the RF signal is converted to a conventional digital signal at the antenna. Therefore, by using standard USB extension cables, the antenna can be located at a distance from the computer of five meters or more, with no concerns over microwave signal losses that would occur in an RF coaxial cable feedline of that length used to attach a conventional antenna to the RF input of a computer modem. Chaining active USB repeaters, it is possible to locate the antenna at much greater distances from the computer, which is especially useful when line-of-sight (LOS) obstacles (such as vegetation and walls) require the antenna to be located on a roof, for example. If using mesh reflectors, usually with a grid under 5 mm, the antenna will be lighter and present a smaller wind-load than larger dishes.
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On January 5, 2015, WPBY-TV changed its call letters to WVPB-TV as part of an effort to unify all of West Virginia Public Broadcasting's services under a single brand; the television network had previously been branded as "West Virginia PBS," a name that was phased out starting on January 1, 2015. The state network has a total of five low-powered repeaters serving other areas out of the range of the three full-powered stations, most notably Wheeling and Parkersburg. In the past the network showed some Marshall University and West Virginia University sports content, but has abandoned this practice due to Conference USA/Big 12 exclusivity agreements with commercial and cable outlets. The current local content consists of a daily recap of the state legislative session, shows produced by the West Virginia University medical school, and student produced news from campus weekly products from Marshall University and West Virginia State University.
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In the summer of 2011, XHDTV-TV began transmitting a digital signal on UHF channel 47; this signal remaps on ATSC digital tuners in both countries as virtual channel 49.1 (reflecting its analog channel allocation) through PSIP. While the United States completed its transition to full-power digital television on June 12, 2009, Mexico is making the transition to digital-only television broadcasts over the course of several years in order from the largest population centers to the smallest; the country's digital television transition expected to be completed by December 31, 2015. XHDTV was not required to shut down its analog signal on April 16, 2013 like other Tijuana stations, as it is licensed to Tecate; this switch took place on July 14, 2015, and was only accomplished after repeaters of several Tijuana stations were converted there. In March 2018, in order to facilitate the repacking of TV services out of the 600 MHz band (channels 38–51), XHDTV was assigned channel 21 for continued digital operations.
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WFTC, virtual channel 9.2 (UHF digital channel 29), is a MyNetworkTV owned- and-operated television station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and serving the Twin Cities television market. The station is owned by the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of Fox Corporation, as part of a duopoly with Fox owned-and-operated station KMSP-TV (channel 9). The two stations share studios on Viking Drive in Eden Prairie and transmitter facilities in Shoreview. WFTC rebroadcasts its signal on full-power satellite station KFTC (virtual and UHF digital channel 26) in Bemidji (with transmitter near Lake Bemidji State Park) and several low-power repeaters across Minnesota, including the Mankato market (via K23MF-D in nearby St. JamesRabbitEars - Digital TV Market Listing for K23MF-D through the local municipal-operated Cooperative TV (CTV) network of translatorsThe Webpage of Cooperative TV (CTV)CTV Channel Listing via the Cooperative TV (CTV) Website), as that area does not have a MyNetworkTV affiliate of its own.
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In August, Romanian troops led by General Alexandru Cernat crossed the Danube and entered the battle with 43,414 men.[George Marcu, Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti 2011] On 11 September the Russians and Romanians mounted a large- scale assault on Plevna. The Ottoman forces were dug in and equipped with German Krupp-manufactured steel breech-loading artillery and American- manufactured Winchester repeaters and Peabody-Martini rifles. For three hours they pushed back the waves of advancing Russians with superior firepower."The Plevna Delay: Winchesters and Peabody-Martinis in the Russo-Turkish War: A small Turkish army is trapped, but with the help of surprising firepower, they hold up the entire Russian Campaign for over five months." by Richard T. Trenk, Sr. originally published in Man At Arms Magazine, Volume 19, Number Four, August 1997 Czar Alexander II and his brother Grand Duke Nicolas watched from a pavilion built on a hillside out of the line of fire.
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CBC stated that it does not intend on transitioning any of its full-power repeaters to digital, despite in some cases being in markets (such as Kitchener, London and Saskatoon) required to convert by August 31, 2011. In many instances, stations transitioning to digital continued utilizing the same channel, antenna or other facilities for their new digital transmitters after the end of transition. To save costs, with the exception of some stations in the largest markets, stations chose to flash cut from analogue to digital at the transition deadline rather than spending on the infrastructure and energy costs needed to broadcast the station in analogue and digital at the same time. Leading up to the transition deadline, CRTC expressed concern that "if all broadcasters wait until the last moment to proceed to the transition, there could be a shortage of professional engineers and competent technicians capable of assuming the development of new plans and the installation of new systems and structures".
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For the 2006 model year, Ford redesigned its mid-size SUVs. While its U251 platform was all-new, the third- generation Mountaineer followed on with the success of its predecessor by retaining nearly its entire exterior, unlike the Explorer. For the 2006 Mountaineer, the exterior redesign featured clear lens tail lamps, turn signal repeaters on the front fenders, larger wheels, satin silver trim on the sideview mirrors and bumpers; the Mercury logos on the grille and tailgate were enlarged. Since the discontinuation of the Lincoln Aviator left the Mountaineer as the top nameplate of the Ford mid-size SUV model lineup, much of the attention of the redesign was focused in the interior trim and features to better differentiate it from the Explorer Eddie Bauer and Limited. Carried over from the Lincoln Aviator was the option of a DVD-based navigation system with voice control; this system would be unavailable on the Explorer until 2008.
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Individual member stations are free to carry large amounts of syndicated programming and many produce their own educational or edutainment content for distribution to other PBS member stations through services like American Public Television or the National Educational Television Association; likewise, most content on PBS's core national programming service is produced by various individual member stations such as WGBH-TV, WNET and WETA-TV. These are not affiliate stations in that the ownership of the main network is not independent of ownership of the individual local stations. Unlike the modern- day affiliation model with commercial stations, in which network programming is only shared between the main station in a given market and any repeaters it may operate to extend its coverage, PBS is not beholden to exclusive programming agreements with stations in the same metropolitan area. In some markets, the network maintains memberships with two noncommercial educational stations – in some cases, these are owned by the same entity – which split the programming rights.
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Optical fiber Optical fiber can be used as a medium for telecommunication and computer networking because it is flexible and can be bundled into cables. It is especially advantageous for long-distance communications, because light propagates through the fiber with little attenuation compared to electrical cables. This allows long distances to be spanned with few repeaters. In 1966 Charles K. Kao and George Hockham proposed optical fibers at STC Laboratories (STL) at Harlow, England, when they showed that the losses of 1000 dB/km in existing glass (compared to 5-10 dB/km in coaxial cable) was due to contaminants, which could potentially be removed. Optical fiber was successfully developed in 1970 by Corning Glass Works, with attenuation low enough for communication purposes (about 20dB/km), and at the same time GaAs (Gallium arsenide) semiconductor lasers were developed that were compact and therefore suitable for transmitting light through fiber optic cables for long distances.
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While Bolo models generally opted for a "balanced" approach to offensive and defensive capabilities, there were often specialised variations on the base model, such as heavy siege units, scout units and ECM platforms. The additional weaponry thus includes but isn't restricted to: A high-speed auto-cannon which was recurringly referred to as "Infinite Repeaters" (the 'infinite' referring to the fact that the Bolo can create its own ammunition from metals found in the environment, thus not having an ammo count in the true sense of the word), firing systems such as a combination of Gatling guns with mortars similar to the 2S4 Tyulpan; VLS (also for launch of drones etc.); as well as tank guns or railguns similar to battleship secondary armament, which includes additional Hellbores of a smaller caliber. Projectiles include KEP projectiles, DSFSLRP (futuristic APFSDS), other missiles and anti- personnel flechettes. Bolos may carry different types of drones (UAVs, hover- UGVs, even satellites) for maintenance, reconnaissance (sometimes including spy satellites) and providing additional offense.
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Two wireless bridge devices may be used to connect two wired networks over a wireless link, useful in situations where a wired connection may be unavailable, such as between two separate homes or for devices that have no wireless networking capability (but have wired networking capability), such as consumer entertainment devices; alternatively, a wireless bridge can be used to enable a device that supports a wired connection to operate at a wireless networking standard that is faster than supported by the wireless network connectivity feature (external dongle or inbuilt) supported by the device (e.g., enabling Wireless-N speeds (up to the maximum supported speed on the wired Ethernet port on both the bridge and connected devices including the wireless access point) for a device that only supports Wireless-G). A dual-band wireless bridge can also be used to enable 5 GHz wireless network operation on a device that only supports 2.4 GHz wireless and has a wired Ethernet port. Wireless range-extenders or wireless repeaters can extend the range of an existing wireless network.
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Soon afterward, DuBose reached an agreement with Abry Communications in which WDBB and WNAL would convert into semi-satellites of WTTO and begin simulcasting its programming for the vast majority of their broadcast day, with separate syndicated programming airing during the three hours that the stations continued to program themselves. As part of the deal, WDBB/WNAL merged its stronger inventory of programming onto WTTO's schedule, with the local rights to some classic sitcoms on its schedule that it could not retain or move elsewhere on the schedule being sold to WABM (channel 68) in Birmingham, which converted into a general entertainment independent around the same time the WTTO/WDBB/WNAL simulcasting arrangement went into place. The station subsequently began identifying as "Fox 21", using the channel allocation of WTTO as a universal brand for it and its repeaters. The combination of WTTO, WDBB and WNAL provided a strong combined signal throughout the central third of Alabama that was comparable to those of ABC affiliate WBRC-TV (channel 6) and NBC affiliate WVTM-TV (channel 13).
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The school was elected as the best school in the province of North Holland in 2004. In 2010, Elsevier placed the school alongside ‘The winners of 2010, least repeaters and best exam results’. The school newspaper is called De Harpoen. Notable old- Ignatians include beer magnate from the Heineken company; television personality Ivo Niehe; his brother Eric Niehe, Olympic rower and former Dutch Ambassador in India; conductor and recorder player Frans Brüggen; conductor Edo de Waart; Paul Josef Crutzen, a Nobel Prize winner; linguist Pieter Seuren; architect ; journalist ; , former editor of De Groene Amsterdammer; Bernard Delfgaauw, professor of Philosophy at the University of Groningen; former Minister of Social Affairs Charles van Rooy; Piet Steenkamp, founder of the CDA; Rad Kortenhorst, former president of the House of Representatives; Lambert Meertens, former chairman of the PSP; , former chairman of the employers' organization VNO-NCW; Bertus Aafjes, a writer; Paul Biegel, author of children's books; Frans van der Lugt, Jesuit priest murdered in Homs, Syria; and Jaap de Hoop Scheffer and Joseph Luns, both former Secretaries- General of NATO.
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RAF Fylingdales, UK and Clear Air Force Station, Alaska BMEWS stations became SSPARS radar stations when their respective AN/FPS-126 radar (3 faces) and 2001 Raytheon AN/FPS-120 Solid State Phased Array Radar became operational. In 2007, 100 owners/trustees of amateur radio repeaters in the 420 to 450 MHz band near AN/FPS-123 radars were notified to lower their power output to mitigate interference, and AN/FPS-123s were part of the Air Force Space Surveillance System by 2009. The Beale AN/FPS-123 was upgraded to a Raytheon AN/FPS-132 Upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR), circa 2012, with capabilities to operate in the Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) ABM system—the Beale UEWR included Avionics, Transmit-Receive modules, Receiver Exciter / Test Target Generator, Beam Steering Generator, Signal Processor, and other changes. After additional UEWR installations for GMD at Thule Site J and the UK (contracted 2003), a 2012 ESD/XRX Request for Information for replacement, and remote operation, of the remaining "PAVE PAWS/BMEWS/PARCS systems" at Cape Cod, Alaska, and North Dakota was issued.
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Prior to this, Univision was only receivable via local cable providers such as Cox Communications, which carried its programming from the Spanish language network's national feed; that feed was eventually replaced by a direct-from- studio fiber optic feed of KUOK (whose schedule now mirrors the national feed outside of local advertising, news inserts and occasional paid programming substitutions, and provided improved reception of the station throughout the market than that receivable over-the-air prior to the digital transition). In the first months of operation, the Univision Oklahoma stations ran a direct simulcast from KLRA-LP including local commercials from the Little Rock area that were inserted by that station during national commercial breaks and its station identification slides (the Oklahoma City repeaters identified through text-only IDs placed at the bottom of the screen during the top and bottom of each hour). In March 2005, K69EK, though still programmed via satellite from Equity's headquarters in Little Rock, ceased the KLRA-LP simulcast and became a direct simulcast of KUOK (which began operating its own separate feed), carrying advertising for businesses within the Oklahoma City market and separate station promotions.
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Sinclair restructured the deal in March 2014, choosing to sell its existing stations in Harrisburg (WHP-TV), Charleston (WMMP) and Birmingham (WABM) and terminate an SSA with the Cunningham-owned Fox affiliate in Charleston to acquire Allbritton's WCIV, WHTM-TV, and WBMA-LD, while also creating a new duopoly between the ABC and CW affiliates in Birmingham), as well as foregoing any operational or financial agreements with the buyers of the stations being sold to other parties. However, in May 2014, Sinclair disclosed in an FCC filling that it was unable to find buyers for the three affected stations, requiring changes to its transaction. In Harrisburg, Sinclair chose to retain WHP-TV, and instead sell WHTM to Media General. However, in Charleston and Birmingham, the company proposed to shut down stations entirely so it could maintain legal duopolies; surrendering the licenses for WCIV and the full-powered repeaters of WBMA-LD (WJSU and WCFT), and moving their ABC programming to Sinclair's existing stations WMMP and WABM respectively—which would planned shift their existing MyNetworkTV programming to digital subchannels, these station would since move ABC affiliation to digital subchannel.
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This makes the current active satellites as XM-3 "Rhythm" and XM-4 "Blues" with two in-orbit spares. NoMa – Gallaudet University Metro station. On June 7, 2005, Space Systems/Loral announced that it had been awarded a contract for XM-5. XM-5 will feature two large unfurlable antennas. Sirius' Radiosat 5, also to be built by Loral, will have a similar single large antenna. In American and Canadian metropolitan areas, XM and its Canadian licensee "Canadian Satellite Radio" (CSR) and operating as Sirius XM Canada, owned and operated a network of approximately 900 terrestrial repeater stations, meant to compensate for satellite signal blockage by buildings, tunnels, and bridges. In the United States XM owned and operated approximately 800 repeater sites covering 60 markets; in Canada CSR was installing approximately 80 to 100 repeaters that was planned to be owned and operated by CSR in the 16 largest Canadian cities. The actual number of repeater sites varies as the signal is regularly tested and monitored for optimal performance. The actual number of sites in the United States has dropped from the original 1,000 installed when the service first launched in 2001.
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Sinclair owns the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size, WABM-DT2/WDBB-DT2 in the Birmingham market, which serve as repeaters of WBMA-LD (which itself is also simulcast on a subchannel of former WBMA satellite WGWW, owned by Sinclair partner company Howard Stirk Holdings). The E. W. Scripps Company is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach, owning 15 ABC-affiliated stations (including affiliates in larger markets such as Cleveland, Phoenix, Detroit and Denver), and through its ownership of Phoenix affiliate KNXV, Las Vegas affiliate KTNV-TV and Tucson affiliate KGUN-TV, it is the only provider of ABC programming for the majority of Arizona (outside the Yuma-El Centro market) and Southern Nevada. Scripps also owns and operates several ABC stations in the Mountain and Pacific time zones, including in Denver, San Diego, Bakersfield, California, and Boise, Idaho, and when combined with the ABC-owned stations in Los Angeles, Fresno, and San Francisco, the affiliations from the News-Press & Gazette Company in Santa Barbara, Palm Springs, Yuma-El Centro, and Colorado Springs-Pueblo, and Sinclair's affiliations in Seattle and Portland, Oregon, these four entities control the access of ABC network programming in most of the Western United States, particularly in terms of audience reach.
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Two years later, at the 1982 Paris Motor Show, Ferrari launched the 308 quattrovalvole, in GTB and GTS form. The main change from the 308 GTBi/GTSi it succeeded were the four valves per cylinder—hence its name, quattrovalvole, literally "four valves" in Italian—which pushed output back up to restoring some of the performance lost to the emission control equipment. The new model could be recognized by the addition of a slim louvred panel in the front lid to aid radiator exhaust air exit, power operated mirrors carrying a small enamel Ferrari badge, a redesigned radiator grille with rectangular driving lights on each side, and rectangular (in place of round) side repeaters. The interior also received some minor updates, such as a satin black three spoke steering wheel with triangular centre; cloth seat centres became available as an option to the standard full leather. Available options included metallic paint, a deep front spoiler, air conditioning, wider wheels, 16-inch Speedline wheels with Pirelli P7 tyres, and a satin black roof aerofoil (standard on Japanese market models). Apart from the DOHC 32-valve cylinder heads, the V8 engine was essentially of the same design as that used in the 308 GTSi model.
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KCIT launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 14.2 in 2010, which originally served as an affiliate of This TV. On June 15, 2016, Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced that it had entered into an agreement with Katz Broadcasting to affiliate 81 stations owned and/or operated by the group—including KAMR-TV and KCIT—with one or more of Katz's four digital multicast networks, Escape, Laff, Grit and Bounce TV (the latter of which is owned by Bounce Media LLC, whose COO Jonathan Katz serves as president/CEO of Katz Broadcasting). As part of the agreement, on August 25 of that year, KCIT launched three digital subchannels to serve as affiliates of three of the Katz networks: the station began carrying Grit on virtual channel 14.2 (displacing This TV, which did not obtain a replacement affiliate in the market and is now only available in fringe areas of far eastern New Mexico via repeaters of Albuquerque NBC affiliate KOB), Escape on channel 14.3 and Bounce TV on channel 14.4 (which also temporarily remained available on the main channel of low-power station KAUO-LD [channel 15] until January 2017); the Laff affiliation rights for the Amarillo market instead went to KAMR, which launched a tertiary subchannel on the same date.
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On November 1, 2010, Family Broadcasting Group appointed two former area television veterans as its top executives—Vince Orza (former president and CEO of Eatery's Restaurant Management, and two-time candidate for Governor of Oklahoma) was appointed as its president and CEO, and Jerry Hart was named its vice president and operations manager (Orza had earlier announced on October 21 that he would step down as dean of the Meinders School of Business at Oklahoma City University, shortly before he accepted the position); Orza and Hart had worked together at ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5) as an anchor and production manager, respectively, during the 1980s. That month, Orza began appearing in a promotional campaign that aired on the station, seeking opinions from viewers on programming changes that KSBI should make. The station also divested some of its translators; six were converted into repeaters of former sister station KXOC-LP, while two others based in Enid and Stillwater continued to rebroadcast KSBI's signal. It also began a gradual rebrand under the moniker "OK52"; the "OK52" and "KSBI 52" brandings were both used by the station until May 23, 2011, when KSBI started using the "OK52" branding full-time, before reverting to simply identifying by the KSBI call letters in March 2012.
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This was thought to be an opportune time, since competitor WTOP had switched from its long-time wide- ranging AM signal at 1500, to several FM repeaters which curtailed its traditionally strong signal across two states and the District. WNEW-FM was now the only station to provide coverage to both Washington and Baltimore, unlike WTOP, which had, since the early 1970s, focused on the Washington area and only occasionally carried Baltimore news events, sports or the slightly different weather and temperature readings. As done with other CBS-owned all- news stations, WNEW-FM provided the audio feed of such network news programming as the daily CBS Evening News each weeknight at 7 pm, Sunday's Face the Nation interview/discussion program, and the weekly Sunday news magazine, 60 Minutes; the latter's simulcast was frequently promoted by WJZ- TV, but the radio broadcast was paused every 10 minutes for traffic and weather updates, and as a result, the WNEW-FM simulcast would be a few minutes behind the CBS television broadcast. In addition, similar to other CBS-owned all-news stations, 60 Minutes was broadcast at 7 pm on Sundays each and every week, regardless of whether or not the televised version (usually an NFL football game) was delayed on CBS.
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KAKE logo, used from 2007 to 2011. On June 16, 1999, the deYoung family announced that it decided to liquidate Chronicle Publishing's assets. KAKE, its satellites, and WOWT were sold to LIN TV (KRON was later sold to Young Broadcasting, which became involved in a contract dispute with NBC, which had bid for the station, that led to KRON losing its NBC affiliation in January 2002). Almost as soon as the sale was finalized, LIN turned around and traded KAKE and WOWT to Benedek Broadcasting in a cash deal, in exchange for NBC affiliate WWLP in Springfield, Massachusetts. The acquisition of KAKE and WOWT could be seen as the ultimate undoing for the financially challenged Benedek, which in 2002 declared for Chapter 7 bankruptcy; the company then sold most of its stations, including KAKE and WOWT, to Atlanta-based Gray Television. Another translator shuffle occurred on August 15, 2003, as three of the station's low-power repeaters changed channel allocations: K20BU (channel 20) in Russell moved to channel 38 as K38GH, K22CP (channel 22, now KHDS-LD) in Salina moved to channel 51 as K51GC, and K69DQ (channel 69, now KGBD-LD) in Great Bend moved to channel 30 as K30GD.
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The station first signed on the air on March 31, 1997. Founded by locally owned Longmont Broadcasting, KDEN originally operated as an independent station. On January 19, 2006, Longmont Broadcasting sold KDEN to NBC Universal, making the second television station in the Denver market to have been an owned-and-operated station under NBC ownership—after KCNC-TV (channel 4, now a CBS owned-and-operated station), which was owned by the network from 1986 to 1995, the company's 17th Spanish-language television station and the third network O&O; in the market overall (alongside KCNC and KDVR (channel 31), which Fox would eventually sell in 2008). Channel 25 became the market's Telemundo owned-and-operated on March 6, Before moving to KDEN, Telemundo programming was seen in Denver on low-power stations KMAS-LP (channel 63) and KSBS-LP (channel 47), which both served as repeaters of KMAS- TV (channel 24) in Steamboat Springs; after NBC Universal purchased KDEN, it donated the KMAS-TV license and transmitter facility to Rocky Mountain PBS, which changed its call letters to KRMZ, while KSBS-LP was sold to Denver Digital Television (NBC retained KMAS-LP, which moved to channel 33 in 2008, was converted to digital station KMAS-LD in 2012, and remains a repeater of KDEN-TV).
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