Here were Trump's most pointed attacks -- and Clinton's rejoinders.
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Rejoinders are punishingly specific, which in turn makes them surprisingly universal.
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But McGaugh's paper met with three quick rejoinders from the numerical cosmology community.
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And to those who say this sounds good but is impossible, I offer two rejoinders.
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A pair of cryptic songs midway through "Father of the Bride" are both rejoinders and acknowledgments.
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One of his frequent rejoinders is, "Interesting, if true," in response to statements of incontestable fact.
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The Parties have been directed to file replies and rejoinders in a fixed time table in January, 2017.
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The criticisms were all previewed for days ahead of the debate, but Bloomberg failed to provide robust rejoinders.
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Today's rejoinders to criticism of these policies from many establishment Democrats underscore how tone deaf the party elites have become.
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Abaroa's choice of materials, exhibition locations, even the name of the work, offer rejoinders to the elitism of High Modernist Art.
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When she questioned Brett Kavanaugh at his confirmation hearing, calmly responding to his flippant and inappropriate rejoinders, she embodied Minnesota Nice.
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In their rejoinders to Mr Sessions, many commentators cited passages in the Old and New Testament which emphasise hospitality to the outsider.
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Hun Sen&aposs party has been dominating Cambodia&aposs political scene, but its election maneuvering has brought some sharp rejoinders from abroad.
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Clinton, who no longer offer each other the polite rejoinders and carefully couched criticisms that characterized the early part of the campaign.
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Economists have some perfectly good rejoinders, which Democratic candidates for the presidency and many of their supporters are happy to articulate when asked.
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Washington's military rejoinders, with more perhaps to come in response to the latest attacks, are an implicit mirror image of the same message.
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The argument-ending rejoinders ran as follows: Trump is a racist, Miller is a racist, and making major deals with them normalizes presidential bigotry.
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Notably, the awards frequently celebrated the increasingly global nature of entertainment, and stars from outside the U.S. delivered some of the most pointed political rejoinders.
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Here are some of the funniest bits of analysis, nastiest rejoinders and most bizarre takes on Trump's first address to a joint session of Congress.
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At first, the parents seem to be engaged in no more than a bit of social banter, politely lobbing remarks and rejoinders back and forth.
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For starters, her toilets could be seen as female rejoinders to Duchamp's urinal, and, of course, her work is riddled with variations on the ready-made.
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Her enemies flung into a simmering pot labeled "untrustworthy" any fault they could identify – flip-flops on policy, and exaggerations of rejoinders in the heat of debate.
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This is not a man who came up in the Twitter moment that rewards quick, punchy rejoinders, a skill at which some of Mr. Biden's rivals have excelled.
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Coaches issue sharp rejoinders: they finished 6-10 last season, not 10-6, and even though they beat three playoff teams, they did not make the playoffs themselves.
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In the Republican primaries, Jeb Bush, Senator Marco Rubio and Senator Ted Cruz all tried at times to challenge him on substance; he brushed them aside with pointed personal rejoinders.
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Republican Mark Meadows invited Patton to stand while he argued in Trump's defense, a move that prompted a sharp rebuke from Democrat Rashida Tlaib and angry rejoinders back from Meadows.
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A United Nations Security Council meeting on Venezuela's crisis briefly turned into a diplomatic brawl on Tuesday, as the United States and Russia traded rejoinders reminiscent of the Cold War.
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Artisans have fashioned Trump piñatas, and former President Vicente Fox has made it his mission to rebuke Mr. Trump's every word, to name but two of the rejoinders from Mexican society.
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Giuliani blasted what he called "somebody's version of the truth," and drew mockery and biting rejoinders on social media by adding that "truth isn't truth" if key facts are being disputed.
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Besides Senegal, Nigeria and Benin are also opening new museums meant to serve in part as rejoinders to arguments by European museum directors that Africa lacks the facilities to care for the works.
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But given the awards' exclusionary history, maybe the strongest rejoinders to the political arguments of the day — over whom to let into the country, and to whom the culture belongs — were the winners.
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These are the movies that in some modest yet real way feel like rejoinders to all the stories of assault and abuse that reminded us, outrage by outrage, of what a cesspool the movie industry can be.
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With his off-key rejoinders, he demonstrated repeatedly how he sees everything -- people, properties, cities, and entire countries -- in terms of how they factor into his business and personal universe, which seem to be one and the same.
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The range and thoughtfulness of these rejoinders, alongside the idiosyncrasies of their handwriting on the survey forms, are a museum wonk's dream of the potential for public engagement including reactions that are positive, negative, and everything in between.
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But now that we're in the New Year I want to respond to one of the most in-depth rejoinders to my forays, which was supplied by John W. Martens of the University of Saint Thomas, writing for America Magazine.
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The increasingly aggressive rejoinders by her co-hosts have escalated to the daytime TV equivalent of a cage fight for the viewing public, reflecting the frustrations of discourse in our current political climate under the magnifying glass of harsh studio lighting.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads LOS ANGELES — Taking Duchamp as a starting point, B. Wurtz performs simple operations on found objects, generating pointed rejoinders to a wide array of aesthetic movements and, along the way, teaching us something about self-knowledge.
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Judge Sutton considered worries like these to be "straw men" stemming from a "fertile imagination", but his rejoinders gave rather short shrift to the Supreme Court precedent from 2013 Judge White cited regarding "unconstitutional conditions": Agency for International Development v Alliance for Open Society International.
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Even when Bortzutsky seems intent on relentless parody of the engaged poem, setting desultory tones and adding smart-ass comments that would seem to operate practically as nasty rejoinders to the scrupulous witnessing exemplified in, say, a poem like Anna Akhmatova's "Requiem," he gets his intended effect.
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Photo: Ian Forsyth (Getty)When pundits, politicians, or advocates have talked about the need to reduce fossil fuel production to combat climate change, one of the most common rejoinders has been to appeal to that most central of American concerns—it creates a lot of jobs.
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At the same time, the talk in these rejoinders of Hemings as simply "property," as if she were akin to an inanimate object or nonsentient being, turns aside decades of historiography that makes clear that enslaved people, when they had chances, often acted to shape their circumstances to the extent that they could.
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True to form, Biden has responded to Trump's attacks on Hunter Biden not with indictments of the Republican Party's complicity, but with rejoinders mostly aimed at Trump himself—presumably to avoid alienating his expected partners in governance and the voters who hope to see the dream of bipartisan comity revived and realized.
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Carson, Kevin (Winter 2006). "Carson's Rejoinders". Journal of Libertarian Studies. Mises Institute.
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In our examination of the voluminous pleas, replications, rejoinders, and surrejoinders, we have been unable to find any other, either tendered or accepted.
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Each of these objections, rebuttals, rejoinders, and surrejoinders is in itself admirable, and does infinite credit to the acuteness and candour of the author.
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"Carson's Rejoinders". Journal of Libertarian Studies. 20 (1): 97–136. many anarchists, including mutualists, continue to use the term and do not consider it an old definition of the term.
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Jalpa is defined in Nyayasutra as a debate where, among the stated characteristics of the first type of debate, only such characteristics as would seem appropriate would be applicable. In addition, the debater can use, for the establishment of his own position and for the refutation of the opponent's thesis, such means as quibbling, illegitimate rejoinders and any kind of clincher. Three kinds of quibbling are listed, twenty-four kinds of illegitimate rejoinders and twenty- two kinds of clinchers.
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The Winter 2006 issue of the Journal of Libertarian Studies published by the Mises Institute was dedicated to reviews of Kevin Carson's Studies in Mutualist Political Economy.Carson, Kevin (Winter 2006). "Carson's Rejoinders". Journal of Libertarian Studies.
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The twin method has been subject to criticism from statistical genetics, statistics, and psychology, with some researchers, such as Burt & Simons (2014), arguing that conclusions reached via this method are ambiguous or meaningless. Core elements of these criticisms and their rejoinders are listed below.
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Business & Society publishes new scholarship based on original research. The journal will consider a wide range of theoretical, empirical (quantitative and qualitative), normative, and methodological submissions. The journal publishes both full-length articles and shorter- length research notes. Commentary pieces and rejoinders are considered on an individual basis.
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Readers further interested in the categorical versus continuous nature of attachment classifications (and the debate surrounding this issue) should consult a paper by Fraley and Spieker and the rejoinders in the same issue by many prominent attachment researchers including J. Cassidy, A. Sroufe, E. Waters & T. Beauchaine, and M. Cummings.
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A rule consists of a type, a label (optional), a pattern, and an output. There are three types of rules. Gambits are something a chatbot might say when it has control of the conversation. Rejoinders are rules that respond to a user remark tied to what the chatbot just said.
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Vekhi () is a collection of seven essays published in Russia in 1909. It was distributed in five editions and elicited over two hundred published rejoinders in two years. The volume reappraising the Russian intelligentsia was a brainchild of the literary historian Mikhail Gershenzon, who edited it and wrote the introduction.
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He claims that "the term 'capitalism,' as it was originally used, did not refer to a free market, but to a type of statist class system in which capitalists controlled the state and the state intervened in the market on their behalf".Carson, Kevin (Winter 2006). "Carson's Rejoinders". Journal of Libertarian Studies.
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Francis, pp. 232–233 The issue prompted Samuel Sewall to write The Selling of Joseph in 1700, a pamphlet that argued generally against slavery.Francis, pp. 221–223 In addition to rejoinders to Sewall in verse, he published A Brief and Candid Answer, in which he sought to answer Sewall's charges and also catalogued his grievances against Adam.Francis, p.
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" Jackson and Abdul applauded his positive attitude, with Abdul remarking, "That's the best attitude yet." Hung's response to Cowell's criticism starkly contrasts with the often confrontational rejoinders of other contestants. Hung added, "...you know, I have no professional training of singing and dancing," eliciting mock surprise from Cowell, who replied, "No? Well, this is the surprise of the century.
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1st Edition. 2004. page 310. The various elements outlined here make up the standard procedure of Buddhist debate theory. There is an 'unravelling' or explication (nibbethanam) of one's thesis and stances and then there is also a 'winding up' ending in the censure (niggaho) of one side based on premises he has accepted and the rejoinders of his opponent.
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In the 19th century, a group of Spanish Jesuits began the publication of letters of Saint Ignatius of Loyola. The century’s atmosphere of religious controversies and polemical anti-clerical and anti-Jesuit pamphlets and diatribes required, for appropriate rejoinders, that access be given to the foundational documents of Jesuit life and history. Historical science had also made great progress. New methods had been developed.
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Many of the human pilots express dismay, arguing that their ships will be defenseless before the Cylons. Lt. Eammon "Gonzo" Pike in particular is vocal about his anger and distrust of the plan. His complaints lead to several rejoinders by the Cylon pilots, especially the Sixes. But the Eight and Helo point out that the Cylon pilots will be fighting and dying as well.
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Despite rejoinders, arguments, and examples of women advocates in other countries (such as Clara S. Foltz), the attorney general argued that women were forbidden by law and public policy to enter the milizia togata. The Court of Appeal subsequently found that the inscription of Signorina Poët was illegal. She then appealed to the Court of Cassation of Turin, but the decision of the court below was confirmed.
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Retrieved October 19, 2010. Jon Caramanica of The New York Times called it "an uncentered collection of odds and ends", writing that "Too often Lil Wayne lapses into predictable flow structures, quick ideas paired with built-in rejoinders: 'They say money talks/ but it’s my spokesperson,' and so on".Caramanica, Jon (October 10, 2010). "New CDs (Lil Wayne: 'I Am Not a Human Being')", The New York Times.
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ARTICLE 8: SUPPRESSION OF NEWS Under no circumstances should news or a publication be suppressed unless it borders on national security or it is in public interest to do so. ARTICLE 9: CORRECTIONS Whenever there is an inaccurate or a misleading report, it should be corrected promptly and given due prominence. An apology should be published whenever appropriate. ARTICLE 10: REJOINDERS A fair opportunity should be given to individuals and organisations.
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The name "Retort" acknowledges that the project is engaged in a wider conversation whose terms and assumptions they reject, and that Retorters stand on ground, rhetorical and otherwise, not of our own choosing. Some feel forced to spend much of the time - far too much - in rebuttals, demurrers, rejoinders. In a word, retorting. The name gestures to an obscure non- sectarian 1940s journal of that title, which at first, (new) Retort thought seriously about reviving.
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", The Times Higher Educational Supplement, 3 June 1988, p. 14. adopting as he does a line that seems now radical, now trenchantly traditionalist.See especially his "The Shock Of The New Has Lost Its Edge", The Times Higher Educational Supplement, 13 May 1988, p. 16. His decision, in the words of John McLeod, “not to work with the niceties and orthodoxies of postcolonial theory" has on occasions given rise to sharply worded rejoinders.
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Image of artist Johannes Zick painted in the ceiling fresco The interior was remodeled and decorated in baroque style in 1746. The richly carved, gothic, early 16th century choir stalls were preserved when most of the interior decorations were removed during the iconoclasm of the Reformation.In Defense of Images: Two Local Rejoinders to the Zwinglian Iconoclasm, Christopher S. Wood, The Sixteenth Century Journal,Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring, 1988), pp. 25-44.
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In 1329, while Pierre Roger was still Archbishop-elect of Sens, a major assembly of the French Clergy was held at Vincennes in the presence of King Philip VI (1328–1350), to deal with issues involving the judicial powers of ecclesiastical authorities. Many propositions were put forward against ecclesiastical jurisdiction, which were ably argued by Pierre de Cugnières (Petrus de Cugneriis). Pierre Roger made the rejoinders on 22 December 1329, on behalf of the ecclesiastical authority.
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In U.S, Ojike lectured extensively about his experience living in an African cultural environment and his views about colonialism and racism. He wrote rejoinders to articles that portrayed Africa in a negative light in addition to writing two books and a pamphlet on African culture. His books explained cultural practices and debunked the notion of African inferiority. In My Africa, he introduced Americans to his culture partly as a way to promote a cultural relationship between the two cultures.
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It remains a research focus today. Among the publications by Kiessling is the first comprehensive look at the influence of accurate science terminology on laws titled, "What is an Embryo," published by the Connecticut Law Review along with rejoinders by Harold Shapiro, Prof John A. Robertson, Prof. Lars Noah, and Father Kevin P. Quinn. The law review addresses the controversy of all of the entities that are currently called embryos with regards to embryonic stem cell research legislation around the world.
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Von Foerster's tongue-in-cheek prediction of Doomsday on November 13, 2026, was based on an extrapolation into the future of doubling- time, with the finding that doubling-time would decrease to zero on that date. Responders to his Doomsday prediction objected on the grounds of the finite human gestation time of 9 months, and the transparent fact that biological systems rarely persist in exponential growth for any substantial length of time. Those who knew von Foerster could see in his rejoinders an evident sense of humor.
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On 12 June 1557, Morone was interrogated in the Castel S. Angelo by the committee: Cardinals Innocenzo del Monte, Jean Suau, Scipione Rebiba, Spoletano [Alessandro Farnese], and Michele Ghislieri.Cesare Cantù, "Il Cardinale Giovanni Morone," Illustri Italiani Volume II (Milano: Brigola 1873), p. 421. Having examined him and heard his extensive rejoinders, the committee reported in favor of Morone but Paul IV was not satisfied. Morone remained in the Castel S. Angelo until the death of Paul IV, when the College of Cardinals ordered his release.
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He writes that "for all its sharp—and in many cases justified—rejoinders to the official inquiries its report is likely to be ignored in some quarters for its brazen hypocrisy." Pearce argues that one of the criticisms of the three inquiries was that no climate sceptics were on the inquiry teams, and now the critics themselves have produced a review of the reviews that included no one not already supportive of the sceptical position. But, Pearce wrote, Montford "has landed some good blows here." Pearce, Fred.
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Retrieved 20 May 2012. For example, scientists acknowledge that there are indeed a number of mysteries about the Universe left to be solved, and scientists actively working in the fields who identify inconsistencies or problems with extant models, when pressed, explicitly reject creationist interpretations. Theologians and philosophers have also criticized this "God of the gaps" viewpoint. In defending against young Earth creationist attacks on "evolutionism" and "Darwinism", scientists and skeptics have offered rejoinders that every challenge made by proponents of YEC is either made in an unscientific fashion, or is readily explainable by science.
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The film premiered in September 2008 at the Toronto International Film Festival. Critics praised Biel for her performance, with Todd McCarthy of Variety saying Biel "more than kept up" with veterans Kristin Scott Thomas and Colin Firth and praising her "sparkling" performance. The Hollywood Reporter described her performance as "an irresistible force of nature — a kind, witty, supremely intelligent and beautiful woman who ... is capable of rejoinders that thoroughly undercut her opponent's withering criticism." Biel also performed two songs on the film's soundtrack, "Mad About the Boy" and "When the Going Gets Tough".
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Similarly, OPG Securities Limited and its Directors was found to have made an unfair gain of Rs 15.57 crore which is to be disgorged with interest of 12% from April 7, 2014. The broking firm is barred from capital markets for a period of five years. The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) has given the four-week timeline to eight NSE officials including past-CEO Chitra Ramakrishna, to file rejoinders in their pleas against SEBI penalising them in the co-location case. These officials have challenged the order at the SAT on May 21.
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In response to claims from anarcho-capitalists that he uses the term capitalism incorrectly, Kevin Carson says he is deliberately choosing to resurrect what he claims to be an old definition of the term in order to "make a point". He claims that "the term 'capitalism,' as it was originally used, did not refer to a free market, but to a type of statist class system in which capitalists controlled the state and the state intervened in the market on their behalf".Carson, Kevin A. Carson's Rejoinders. Journal of Libertarian Studies, Volume 20, No. 1 (Winter 2006): 97–136, pp. 116, 117.
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In response to claims that he uses the term capitalism incorrectly, Carson says he is deliberately choosing to resurrect what he claims to be an old definition of the term in order to "make a point". He claims that "the term 'capitalism,' as it was originally used, did not refer to a free market, but to a type of statist class system in which capitalists controlled the state and the state intervened in the market on their behalf".Carson, Kevin A. Carson's Rejoinders. Journal of Libertarian Studies, Volume 20, No. 1 (Winter 2006): 97–136, pp. 116, 117.
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Their frustration with his failure to follow through on what they stated were promises to correct the record, particularly to the accusations of general cowardice and incompetence among the pilots, led them to detailed public rejoinders when the errors continued to be widely asserted, including in a History Channel broadcast April 8, 2001. This is a 12-part work by Lew Johnston, a TC pilot with the 314th TCG. As recently as 2004, in MHQ: The Quarterly of Military History, the misrepresentations regarding lack of night training, pilot cowardice, and TC pilots being the dregs of the Air Corps were again repeated, with Ambrose being cited as its source.
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Under Pope Paul V (reigned 1605-1621), a major conflict arose between Venice and the Papacy. Paolo Sarpi, as spokesman for the Republic of Venice, protested against the papal interdict, and reasserted the principles of the Council of Constance and of the Council of Basel, denying the pope's authority in secular matters. Bellarmine wrote three rejoinders to the Venetian theologians, and may have warned Sarpi of an impending murderous attack, when in September 1607, an unfrocked friar and brigand by the name of Rotilio Orlandini planned to kill Sarpi for the sum of 8,000 crowns.The Cambridge Modern History, Volume 4: Fra Paolo Sarpi (Cambridge University Press 1906), p.
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These appeared in The Workbook between 1994 and 2000, when the magazine was discontinued by its sponsor. Walls's survey article on community organizing has been updated twice and remains a popular on-line resource. In the early 2000s Walls engaged in a dispute with Project Censored over what he saw as a denial of war crimes committed by Serbs in Bosnia and Kosovo, specifically concerning atrocities at Trnopolje camp and Omarska camp near Prijedor in Bosnia, and the Račak massacre in Kosovo. Walls's article in New Politics drew a supportive letter from sociologist Bogdan Denitch and rejoinders from Peter Phillips, Diana Johnstone, and Edward S. Herman and David Peterson, with replies to each by Walls.
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He believed that Dewey had seriously misrepresented his father, unreasonably portrayed the character of the ICS itself, and misled the Brayne family, whose collection of private papers he used. In his rejoinders, Dewey pointed out that when he asked for permission to use Brayne's papers, he believed that Brayne's Gurgaon Experiment had been a success, because he only had Brayne's vainglorious accounts of his own achievements to go on; and he only lost confidence in Brayne's form of "rural reconstruction" after the overwhelming mass of evidence showed how dismally it had failed. It was impossible, he maintained, to take Brayne at his own valuation. Brayne boasted that he could 'do anything with propaganda' – and propaganda is what his work remained.
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This change of religion caused great controversy, and the letter he wrote to his family from Paris, explaining his reasons for the step he had taken, went through about fifty editions in a short time, was translated into nearly every modern language, and called forth numerous rejoinders and apologies. In this document he made known his long-felt inclination to join the Catholic Church and his growing conviction that he must bring his political opinions in harmony with his religious views. His family soon followed him; with them he left Berne for ever and took up his residence in Paris. There the Foreign Office invited him to assume the instruction of candidates for the diplomatic service in constitutional and international law.
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" Corban Goble of Pitchfork said, "At its best, Born Sinner, showcases J. Cole's overall musicality, pairing his ability as a lyricist with a more broadly developed production palette. In a heat, he can rattle off some fierce rejoinders (See: "Niggaz Know"). But several releases deep into Cole's growing catalogue, we haven't been delivered the savior that Jay-Z's "A Star Is Born" seemed to anoint. (The latter's current indifference to Cole has become so pronounced that Cole has to keep squashing beef rumors.)" David Jeffries of AllMusic said, "It's snide, smart-ass stuff and when it comes to sublime / ridiculous balancing act that his heroes Jay-Z and Nas have mastered, Cole is a little short on the sublime side here to be considered classic.
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Alain Badiou, who has remained steadfast in his Maoist affiliations, has engaged in a long-standing contretemps with Milner over these changing affiliations (and many other differences, including accusing Badiou of Anti-Semitism).On that subject, see articles against Badiou by: Roger-Pol Droit ("Le Monde des livres", 25 November 2005) and Frédéric Nef ("Le Monde des livres", 23 December 2005), and in defense of Badiou by: Daniel Bensaid ("Le Monde des Livres", 26 January 2006); Claude Lanzmann, Jean-Claude Milner and Eric Marty ("Les Temps modernes", Nov.-December 2005/January 2006), and Meir Waintrater "L’Arche" February 2006: "Alain Badiou et les Juifs: Une violence insoutenable", and the answers by Alain Badiou and Cécile Winter followed by rejoinders by Claude Lanzmann and Eric Marty ("Les Temps modernes", March–June 2006). See also Badiou's response to Eric Marty.
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The Lettres d'un bon jeune homme, written to the Figaro under the signature of "Valentin de Quevilly", provoked more animosities. During the next few years, he wrote novels, stories, a play (which failed), a book-pamphlet on the Roman question, many pamphlets on other subjects of the day, innumerable newspaper articles, some art criticisms, rejoinders to the attacks of his enemies, and popular manuals of political economy, L'A B C du travailleur (1868), Le progrès (1864). His more serious novels include Madelon (1863), L'Infâme (1867), the three that form the trilogy of the Vieille Roche (1866), and Le roman d'un brave home (1880) – a kind of counterblast to the view of the French workman presented in Émile Zola's L'Assommoir. He is best remembered as a farceur, for the books Le nez d'un notaire (1862); Le roi des montagnes (1856); L'homme à l'oreille cassée (1862); Trente et quarante (1858); Le cas de M. Guérin (1862; see Georges Maurice de Guérin).
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Kirkus Reviews called the collection "[i]nvaluable, not just for the splendid fiction and lively nonfiction, but as another annual snapshot, complete with grins and scowls." The reviewer notes that "Jonathan Lethem kicks off this year's debate with his complaint that SF lost all hope of claiming literary respectability when in 1973 the SFWA voted Arthur C. Clarke's Rendezvous with Rama Best Novel, rather than Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow. Rejoinders in various hues issue from Gordon van Gelder and George Zebrowski—although nobody sees fit to remark on this year's Best Novel, where nostalgia beat out one of the finest, most wrenching SF novels ever written, J. R. Dunn's Days of Cain."Kirkus Reviews (review), Mar. 1, 2000. Ray Olson in The Booklist also notes the debate begun by Lethem, observing that it and the nonfiction pieces on publishing and movies, along with William Tenn's speech, "fairly steal the award-winning stories' thunder," as does the reprinted 1946 Hal Clement story.
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Marni Jackson thought the story was "a good idea" and called the film "dutifully pretty," but called the characters "so diaphanous you can see daylight through them," concluding the project suffered from a low budget, "which says more about the Canadian film-making climate than Shebib." Maurice Élia echoed many of Jackson's impressions: the story itself is quite original and a source of inspiration in some sense, and, for the first time (on the screen or off), Toronto actually looks good (perhaps to the point of exaggeration). The film begins well, but loses its way due to an ineptly written script littered with the kind of dialogue which undermines the credibility of the supporting characters: Paula is a sketch at best and the couple's son barely exists at all; even Lindsay Wagner's character is effectively a secondary character made up of unacceptable rejoinders. John Reeves said that Second Wind is well filmed and acted, but likewise faulted the script as unbelievable: the film does not accurately show the realities of training for competition, and thereby relegates itself to the realm of melodrama.
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Mikhail Bakhtin's theorization of complex, secondary speech genres as composites of simple, primary speech genres in the analysis of the interaction between the multiple competing voices and registers in literary works. Bakhtin defines complex, secondary speech genres as "novels, dramas, all kinds of scientific research, major genres of commentary, and so forth [that] arise in more complex and comparatively highly developed and organized cultural communication" (62). While Bakhtin focuses on the historical emergence of the novel in much of his work, in his essay "The Problem of Speech Genres," he makes clear that his theory can be applied to all literary genres, including "profoundly individual lyrical work[s]" (61) such as the pastoral elegy. Complex, secondary speech genres are formed by "absorb[ing] and digest[ing] various primary (simple) genres that have taken form in unmediated speech communion" (62). Primary speech genres are "short rejoinders of daily dialogue," "everyday narration," "brief standard military command" (60), "verbal signals in industry" (63), "letters, diaries, minutes, and so forth" (98), notable for their referentiality to and function within the pragmatic communicative contexts of "extraverbal reality (situation)" (83).
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