And by reifying painting, did he also end up reifying his viewer?
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My favorite moment is the two-channel video "Reifying Desire 4" by Jacolby Satterwhite.
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After all, with most other long-term memes, everyone reifying the meme is in on the message.
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And there's always a danger that they are simply compiling common biases and limitations in current models — reifying conventional wisdom.
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In that way, rom-coms may also be significant cultural forces reifying existing—or producing new—relationship standards and gender roles.
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Hippie communities of the '212009s often wound up reifying the same restrictive and imbalanced gender norms that they purported to escape.
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It is a way of misrepresenting, demeaning, reifying what you see, of creating fables out of real objects, real places, real people.
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When Asians internalize and perpetuate anti-Black racism and violence, we are reifying our complicity and driving a deeper wedge between the minority groups.
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But if that is what they actually care about, they wouldn't be reifying the old myth that women need to be harassed into sex.
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Increased awareness of automated surveillance, in other words, is most effective at demystifying the systems doing the watching, not reifying their wisdom and authority.
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At its best, a trade between artists is a mutual affirmation of artistic identity, a way of reifying the nonmaterial, often subconscious transmission of ideas.
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Historically, the white gaze has been harmful—but rather than reifying existing power dynamics, if BDSM can be pleasurable, why not turn the gaze against itself?
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In Kangama, they're seeing modest gains, which they'd like to extend to four other clinics in the district, but there are thirteen other districts where they can't afford to start reifying systems.
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They include figurative sculptures inspired by virtual objects from his video series "Reifying Desire" (2011-14), in which Satterwhite's own digitally animated avatar navigates a world where his mother's renderings of household items are realized.
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I read Charles Homans's piece on the state of the Democratic Party with consternation over the fact that the Democrats don't seem to recognize their direct path to the majority, and journalists seem to be reifying that dazed confusion.
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The goal of the project, as Maggic's mission statement says, has always been less about actualizing the bio-hacked future it imagines and more about demystifying endocrinology, de-reifying gender, and asking people to examine the institutions that control hormone production.
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Kumasi J. Barnett: Secret Identities, curated by Jac Lahav, uses Barnett's hand-painted interventions to riff on the melodrama of old Marvel and DC comic books, thus toying with and reifying the notion of the "Amazing Black Man" and other comic book heroes.
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If Haacke's piece is vigorous and direct, and Jacolby Satterwhite's video "Reifying Desire 3: The Immaculate Conception of Doubting Thomas" (2012) is immersive and seductive, Paul Mpagi Sepuya's two "Mirror Study" works (2017) suggest a more modestly scaled, intimate melancholy: It shows a slender pair of arms reflected, from above and below, in a fragmented mirror.
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In the midst of a xenophobic wave deeming immigrants as other, reifying the soundness of borders as if they were a natural landform, and the financing of overseas wars based on dominant historical narratives, the contemporary use of soil in installations, collections, and jewelry pieces has provided a site of gathering and discussion, and has aided in building empathy.
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But as Karina Longworth notes in her fantastic series about the Manson murders on the You Must Remember This podcast, these hippie communities often wound up reifying the same restrictive and imbalanced gender norms that they purported to escape, with the "free love" culture often leaving young women disempowered and vulnerable to sexual assault and further marginalization.
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A kind of counterpart to The Invention and Conclusion of the Eye, Toril Johannessen's audio drama of optics, the streamlined simplicity of the piece belies its complex dialogue with seeing, being seen, and what is unseen — Tyndall stone constitutes most of Winnipeg's municipal buildings — and reifying the role of the wall as the very fabric of separation and, increasingly, discrimination.
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Google Is Handing the Future of the Internet to China Suzanne Nossel examines the moral compromises Google would make by re-entering China with its censored search engine: Google's compliance with Chinese censorship directives will also have an unavoidable, distorting impact on online discourse in the world's most populous country, obscuring the truth, reifying government-sanctioned orthodoxies, denying history, and furthering the repression of persecuted groups.
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Reification is widely used in conceptual modeling.Antoni Olivé, Conceptual Modeling of Information Systems, Springer Verlag, 2007. Reifying a relationship means viewing it as an entity. The purpose of reifying a relationship is to make it explicit, when additional information needs to be added to it.
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They are said to limit the freedom of the majority to give rights to minorities. Sullivan also adds that anti-discrimination laws are reifying. Sullivan argues in favor of same-sex marriage, maintaining that it would have both a humanising and traditionalising effort. He also advocates the repeal of don't ask, don't tell.
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The development of thought in these Upanishadic theories contrasted with Buddhism, since the Upanishadic inquiry fails to find an empirical correlate of the assumed Atman, but nevertheless assumes its existence, "[reifying] consciousness as an eternal self." The Buddhist inquiry "is satisfied with the empirical investigation which shows that no such Atman exists because there is no evidence," states Jayatilleke.
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This "existence of nonexistence" definition of emptiness can also be seen in Asaṅga's Abhidharmasamuccaya where he states that emptiness is "the non- existence of the self, and the existence of the no-self." In the sixth century, scholarly debates between Yogacarins and Madhyamikas centered on the status and reality of the paratantra-svabhāva (the "dependent nature"), with Madhyamika's like Bhāvaviveka criticizing the views of Yogacarins like Dharmapāla of Nalanda as reifying dependent origination.
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Reifying Desire is a six-part video series by American artist Jacolby Satterwhite, which was on view in the 2014 Biennial at the Whitney Museum of American Art. Satterwhite created 230 3D modeled versions of his body, animated figures, and his mother's drawings. Animating all of these elements, he performs in a digital "utopian and non-political space", combining his public reactions to art history, political histories, and pop culture with his mother's private drawings and inventions.
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The more detailed analysis of ramification in number fields can be carried out using extensions of the p-adic numbers, because it is a local question. In that case a quantitative measure of ramification is defined for Galois extensions, basically by asking how far the Galois group moves field elements with respect to the metric. A sequence of ramification groups is defined, reifying (amongst other things) wild (non-tame) ramification. This goes beyond the geometric analogue.
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Accessed 16 March 2016. In 2007, Duke University Press published Keeling's first book, The Witch's Flight: The Cinematic, the Black Femme, and the Image of Common Sense. In this book, Keeling argues that the cinema's ability to structure social reality, thus producing and reifying racism, homophobia, and misogyny, can be disrupted by the figure of the black femme. Despite her lack of representation in hegemonic imagery of race and gender, she haunts that imagery, constantly threatening to make visible alternative social arrangements.
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Several reviewers have likened the album to a bootleg. Neither Wheeler nor Parallel World provided any information about the artists or names of the tracks. When re-issued in 2003, reviewer Mack Hagood criticized Parallel World for reifying its bootleg status by retaining the anonymous track list rather than working to look for surviving artists or their families, who would likely benefit greatly from royalties. With information more widely available on the Internet and the opportunity to collaborate, all tracks have since been identified.
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His work often utilizes his mother's schematic drawings/inventions of ordinary objects influenced by consumer culture, medicine, fashion, Surrealism, mathematics, sex, philosophy, astrology, and matrilineal concerns. His series Reifying Desire was featured in the 2014 Whitney Biennial at the Whitney Museum of American Art. Combining 3D animation and live action, the work explores themes of memory and personal history in a virtual dreamlike environment. Satterwhite has also shown/performed in group exhibitions including at MoMA PS1, the Smithsonian, The Kitchen, Rush Arts Gallery, and Exit Art.
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The jury praised his showing of the "irreconcilability and complexity of site". Frieze wrote that the pavilion showed a "relational attitude to space, ... responsive to context and not overly concerned with diplomacy and reifying otherness", as other African nation pavilions had been. Artsy Giles Peppiatt named the series as a highlight and recommended purchase at the 2014 1:54 contemporary African art fair. The photographs on display came from Chagas's larger series, "Found Not Taken", which included conceptually similar photographs from citiesin addition to Luandawhere the photographer had spent time: London and Newport, Wales.
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Some prefer to treat the word 'conscience' as an untranslatable foreign word or technical term, without its normal English meaning.Simpson, George (Trans.) in Durkheim, Emile "The Division of Labour in Society" The Free Press, New York, 1993. pp. ix As for "collective", Durkheim makes clear that he is not reifying or hypostasizing this concept; for him, it is "collective" simply in the sense that it is common to many individuals;Warren Schmaus, Durkheim's Philosophy of Science and the Sociology of Knowledge: Creating an Intellectual Niche, 1994, , p. 50-51 cf.
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A fifth line of criticism, articulated especially by libertarians such as Friedrich von Hayek and the Austrian School, concerns the role of value in human freedom and progress. Marx and Engels tended to present "value" and "value relations" as negative, alienating and reifying phenomena that cause people to get used by others, for ends they can no longer fathom. Therefore, markets appear to be evil things, and the conclusion then follows that people are better off without them. Yet market value can also be viewed as a very positive thing.
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Many prominent Americans, such as the noted painter Charles Wilson Peale and the famous military leader George Armstrong Custer, were enthusiastic taxidermists. The art has enjoyed a pervasive integration into the fabric of American social life as practitioners are found in practically every small town in America. Specimens are widely employed in home and store decorations, for business advertising, for sporting trophies, and perhaps, most importantly, reifying the notion that humans can symbolically "restore" life to dead animals — thereby, in a sense, demonstrating our perceived human power over death.
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Another broad category of hacks contains strong elements of social commentary or street protest (e.g. "Nth Annual Spontaneous Tuition Riot") about events on campus or in the world at large. But the strongest element of many hacks is the sheer joy of conceptualizing something new, and then reifying it with effective engineering, both technical and social (e.g. installing a full-sized mockup solar-powered subway car on the parapet wall around the base of the Great Dome, and then driving it back and forth under remote wireless control from Killian Court, some five stories below, after sundown).
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In an important 2003 exchange published in Studies in American Political Development, John Gerring, Stephen Skowronek, Rogers Smith, and Bensel offered their thoughts on the state of APD as a subfield. Bensel controversially defined APD as "an insurgency." Its goal, he argued, "should be to destroy disciplinary boundaries, to sabotage reifying conventions, to identify and support intellectual rebellions wherever they appear, and to do our best to make sense of whatever space we may have cleared and claimed for ourselves."Bensel, "The Tension Between American Political Development as a Research Community and as a Disciplinary Subfield," Studies in American Political Development Spring 2003.
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They argue that feminists should not attack other women's sexual desires as being "anti-feminist" or internalizing oppression and that there is no connection between consensual sexually kinky activities and sex crimes. While some anti-porn feminists suggest connections between consensual BDSM scenes and rape and sexual assault, sex-positive feminists find this to be insulting to women. It is often mentioned that in BDSM, roles aren't fixed to gender, but personal preferences. Furthermore, many argue that playing with power (such as rape scenes) through BDSM is a way of challenging and subverting that power, rather than reifying it.
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In programming language semantics, normalisation by evaluation (NBE) is a style of obtaining the normal form of terms in the λ calculus by appealing to their denotational semantics. A term is first interpreted into a denotational model of the λ-term structure, and then a canonical (β-normal and η-long) representative is extracted by reifying the denotation. Such an essentially semantic approach differs from the more traditional syntactic description of normalisation as a reductions in a term rewrite system where β-reductions are allowed deep inside λ-terms. NBE was first described for the simply typed lambda calculus.
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When cultures and individuals accumulate habits and procedures (what Bakhtin calls the "sclerotic deposits" of earlier activity), and adopt forms based in "congealed" events from the past, the centripetal forces of culture will tend to codify them into a fixed set of rules. In the reifying sciences, this codification is mistaken for reality, undermining both creative potential and true insight into past activity. The uniqueness of an event, that which cannot be reduced to a generalization or abstraction, is in fact what makes responsibility, in any meaningful sense, possible: "activity and discourse are always evaluatively charged and context specific."Morson and Emerson (1990). p.
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He is a contributing director for the music video that accompanied Solange's 2019 visual album When I Get Home. Satterwhite's work is in the public collections of the Studio Museum in Harlem, the Seattle Art Museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Kiasma, and the San Jose Museum of Art. In 2012 Satterwhite presented an exhibition entitled Jacolby Satterwhite at the Hudson D. Walker Gallery in Provincetown, Massachusetts. The next year, Satterwhite's exhibition Island of Treasure at Mallorca Landings in Palma De Mallorca, Spain, included the Reifying Desire video series, which was included in the 2014 Whitney Biennial.
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The value of the monad pattern goes beyond merely condensing code and providing a link to mathematical reasoning. Whatever language or default programming paradigm a developer uses, following the monad pattern brings many of the benefits of purely functional programming. By reifying a specific kind of computation, a monad not only encapsulates the tedious details of that computational pattern, but it does so in a declarative way, improving the code's clarity. As monadic values explicitly represent not only computed values, but computed effects, a monadic expression can be substituted with its value in referentially transparent positions, much like pure expressions can be, allowing for many techniques and optimizations based on rewriting.
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In his book Indra's Net: Defending Hinduism's Philosophical Unity, Rajiv Malhotra quoted and cited numerous ideas from Unifying Hinduism, describing it as an "excellent study of the pre-colonial coherence of Hinduism", , and as a "positive exception to many [reifying, homogenizing, and isolating] trends in scholarship" by Westerners about the evolution of Hindu philosophy. However, despite the citations, it was alleged that Rajiv Malhotra's work actually plagiarised Nicholson's work. It led to an online controversy without any actual lawsuit being filed against Rajiv Malhotra. In response to Nicholson, Malhotra stated "I used your work with explicit references 30 times in Indra's Net, hence there was no ill-intention," and provided with a list of these citations.
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The first criticism argued that positivism systematically failed to appreciate the extent to which the so-called social facts it yielded did not exist 'out there', in the objective world, but were themselves a product of socially and historically mediated human consciousness. Positivism ignored the role of the 'observer' in the constitution of social reality and thereby failed to consider the historical and social conditions affecting the representation of social ideas. Positivism falsely represented the object of study by reifying social reality as existing objectively and independently of the labour that actually produced those conditions. Secondly, he argued, representation of social reality produced by positivism was inherently and artificially conservative, helping to support the status quo, rather than challenging it.
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She points out further irony by drawing attention to merchandising produced in order to promote Adbusters' Buy Nothing Day, an example of the recuperation of détournement if ever there was one. Klein's arguments about irony reifying rather than breaking down power structures are echoed by Slavoj Žižek. Žižek argues that the kind of distance opened up by détournement is the condition of possibility for ideology to operate: by attacking and distancing oneself from the sign-systems of capital, the subject creates a fantasy of transgression that "covers up" his/her actual complicity with capitalism as an overarching system. In contrast, scholars are very fond of pointing out the differences between hypergraphics, "detournement", the postmodern idea of appropriation and the Neoist use of plagiarism as the use of different and similar techniques used for different and similar means, effects and causes.
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Intersex people have been portrayed in literature, television and film as monsters, murderers and medical dilemmas. Characters in award-winning literature include Cal Stephanides in the novel Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides and Max Walker in the novel Golden Boy by Abigail Tarttelin. Morgan Holmes, Canadian sociologist and a former activist with the (now defunct) Intersex Society of North America, comments on constructions of intersex people as monsters or ciphers for discussions about sex and gender. Holmes describes her weariness "of writers who had contacted me for a number of years during my intersex-activist days, trying to determine if their proposed ‘hermaphrodites’ could do things like impregnate or have sex with themselves", and how depictions of intersex people are "stalled", reifying "the proper place of traditional visions and modes of masculinity in opposition to femininity" or "beyond and outside the realm of gender altogether"; the character of Annabel/Wayne, in the Canadian novel Annabel by Kathleen Winter, provides an example of monstrous auto- impregnation.
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In this respect, although Coltrane's sound and approach can be understood as part of the same continuum, the context has changed dramatically to the point where the music is clearly experienced more as an immediate sensation. This leads to recordings such as Interstellar Space being received as musical processes rather than as products; they encourage us to listen in the here and now as opposed to assimilating what has happened before and predicting what will happen next." Whyton suggests that "Experiencing a recording as a type of music as process counters the canonical imperative of reifying music; Coltrane's music does not convey a singular meaning or set of values but works as an agent for questioning and opening up the discourse about what music could be. In Coltrane's world at this time, the studio becomes a site for investigation and discovery, and the duets with Ali convey a clear sense of experimentation and interplay between two creative artists.
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The supposed relationship does not appear to be based on logical deducibility. That is, actual idealism does not entail a fascist ideology in any rigorous sense. Gentile enjoyed fruitful intellectual relations with Croce from 1899 – and particularly during their joint editorship of La Critica from 1903 to 1922 – but broke philosophically and politically from Croce in the early 1920s over Gentile's embrace of fascism. (Croce assesses their philosophical disagreement in Una discussione tra filosofi amici in Conversazioni Critiche, II.) Ultimately, Gentile foresaw a social order wherein opposites of all kinds weren't to be considered as existing independently from each other; that 'publicness' and 'privateness' as broad interpretations were currently false as imposed by all former kinds of government, including capitalism and communism; and that only the reciprocal totalitarian state of Corporatism, a fascist state, could defeat these problems which are made from reifying as an external reality that which is in fact, to Gentile, only a reality in thinking.
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Hall Gardner, IR Theory, Historical Analogy, and Major Power War (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Reviewer Sarang Shidore summarizes Gardner's argument: :the standard interpretation of the Peace of Westphalia, the 1648 treaty that is widely seen to have inaugurated a new era in European and world affairs, by reifying state sovereignty as a global governing principle. Westphalian sovereignty, Gardner argues, is substantially a myth. While Westphalia did put aspects of state sovereignty in place, such as the right of almost three hundred German princes to be free of the control of the Holy Roman Empire, it also limited sovereignty in important ways, for instance, by “denying the doctrine of cuius regio, eius religio (the religion of the prince becomes the religion of the state) ... established by the 1555 Peace of Augsburg” (p. 118). Rather than a strict enshrining of the principle of noninterference, Westphalia legitimized “power sharing and joint sovereignty” by giving the new powers France and Sweden the right to interfere in the affairs of the German Protestant princes (p. 117).
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