138 Sentences With "redistributions" | Random Sentence Generator

Obamacare was one of the most significant redistributions of wealth in American history.

The plans are just expensive redistributions to people who will soon earn more than enough to pay back the difference.

Obamacare was one of the biggest redistributions of wealth from the rich to the poor; the AHCA would reverse that.

The bill's formula for allocating money among the states would also lead to big redistributions, generally taking money away from states that have expanded Medicaid, toward those that have not.

Complicated expansions of the welfare state that require the participation of state and federal governments and the private sector will always be more vulnerable to court intervention than straightforward redistributions of wealth.

The Better Care Reconciliation Act, Senate Republicans' plan to repeal and replace Obamacare, would if passed lead to one of the largest redistributions of income in American history, just as Obamacare itself did.

Morgan Stanley, which can proceed with capital redistributions despite the Fed's decision to require it to resubmit a capital plan, increased its dividend to 20 cents a share from 15 cents a share and announced a $3.5-billion stock buyback.

He pointed to four specific areas of debate: the federalization of some American businesses, the elimination of private health insurance, a ban on energy production, major redistributions of wealth to pay for government programs, and proposals to limit businesses' lobbying and political engagement.

Historians with a more analytical bent than Zeitz maintain that the legislative victories of the Johnson years represent an anomaly in America's political culture, which is typically dominated by corporations and politicians hostile to even modest redistributions of wealth and power to workers and the poor.

With a copious gift for invention, expressed through witty references to flowers, trees, rivers, pathways, and other landscape elements — elements that change roles from one painting to the next with the agility of an improv group — the paintings evolve into stand-alone redistributions of each vista's essential parts.

Another way of saying this is that the Affordable Care Act was one of the single largest downward redistributions of income in American history, made more so when considered in the context of the Obama administration's increases in taxes on the rich and expansions of tax credits for the poor.

Because if you really land Uber and make it successful and it's a hundred billion dollar company and then you do the carry waterfall and you do all the profit redistributions and then you think about Snap and you think about rework, it may not matter what happens after this anyways, economically.

Japan does not have an established process to redistribute its legislative districts. The frequency of redistributions is irregular and not triggered a particular event. Redistributions are approved by the national legislature.

Redistributions are handled by the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission.

Redistributions weakened his margin in subsequent years, and he retired in 1984. Brewer died in Goulburn in 2003.

The electorate's boundary was initially located on the Rongotai isthmus that is occupied by Wellington Airport. This boundary slowly shifted towards the city of Wellington in subsequent electoral redistributions. The electorate boundaries were unaffected by the electoral redistributions in 1972 and 1987. The electorate was abolished in 1996, when it was replaced by the electorate.

India has an established process to redistribute its legislative districts. Redistributions are approved by political appointees to the Boundary Commission of India.

Combined with significant population redistributions within the islands, the boundaries of all but two electorates were altered. These changes took effect with the .

In Australia, redistributions are carried out by independent and non-partisan commissioners in the Commonwealth, and in each state or territory. The various electoral acts require the population of each seat to be equal, within certain strictly limited variations. The longest period between two redistributions can be no greater than seven years. Many other triggers can force redistribution before the chronological limit is reached.

The 'new' imperialism: accumulation by dispossession. Socialist Register 40: 63-87. Harvey argues these policies are guided mainly by four practices: privatization, financialization, management and manipulation of crises, and state redistributions.

The term typically refers to redistribution on an economy-wide basis rather than between selected individuals. Interpretations of the phrase vary, depending on personal perspectives, political ideologies and the selective use of statistics. It is frequently heard in politics, usually referring to perceived redistributions from those who have more to those who have less. Occasionally, however, it is used to describe laws or policies that cause opposite redistributions that shift monetary burdens from wealthy to low-income individuals.

In the United States, redistribution occurs after each decennial census. Most states' legislative district redistributions are approved by the state legislature. Supreme Court rulings (such as the one man, one vote principle) require that legislative districts have roughly equal populations.

Though the seats of Dobell, Paterson and Barton were Liberal wins at the previous election, redistributions changed them in to notionally marginal Labor seats. Pat Conroy is the current MP for the Division of Charlton which is being renamed to the Division of Hunter at the next election.

The towns of Hastings and Havelock North have always been located within the electorate until the 1987 electoral redistribution, whereas the nearby Fernhill was always included in the adjacent electorate.Note that the source was printed in 1989; Havelock North may or may not have fallen within the electorate following subsequent electoral redistributions.

The original electorate covered the southern part of Otago Peninsula and some of the settlements that form the suburb of South Dunedin, including St Kilda. It thus took up most of the area that previously belonged to the electorate (which in itself took over most of the area that previously belonged to the electorate), and some area that had belonged to the electorate (which was abolished). The southern part of Otago Peninsula has always belonged to the St Kilda electorate until the 1987 electoral redistribution, and the various electoral redistributions determined how much of the suburb of South Dunedin belonged to the electorate.Note that the source was printed in 1989; the situation may or may not have been different following subsequent electoral redistributions.

It was created in the 1967 redistribution when cities were separated from their counties and made independent districts. It was not changed in either the 1973 or 1994 redistributions but in 2006 it lost some territory to the neighbouring riding of Nepisiguit.2006 Final Report of the Electoral Boundaries and Representation Commission . Elections New Brunswick.

Rapid redistribution reactions are exhbited by methylboranes. Thus monomethyldiborane rapidly converts at room temperature to diborane and trimethylborane:. The authors refer to redistributions as "disproportionations". :6 MeB2H5 → 5 B2H6 \+ 2 Me3B Useful redistribution reactions are found in organoaluminium-, organoboron-, and organosilicon chemistry.Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. .

Swan River is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created in 1903, in what was then the northwestern corner of the province. Manitoba's borders expanded significantly in 1912, and Swan River is now located in the centre of the province, close to its western border with Saskatchewan. The division has seen several redistributions.

Maranoa of the original sixteen electorates established in 1859. Geographically it was based on the Balonne River catchment area, including the towns of Roma and St George. Despite various redistributions over the years, the electorate remained in the same general vicinity until its abolition in 1949 when most of it was included in the resurrected Electoral district of Balonne.

Redistributions are organised by the independent Northern Territory Electoral Commission. As of 14 June 2019, the quota of electors was 5,555.2019 Enrolment Statistics, Northern Territory Electoral Commission, July 2019. At the general election in August 2020, the quota was 5,649. Northern Territory divisions are the smallest such electorates in Australia, due to the Territory's small population.

The seat's boundaries changed at a number of redistributions, but remained a seat in the rural hinterland between Dalby and Toowoomba, and to the north of Toowoomba. The seat's place of nomination was consistently either Crows Nest or Oakey, both of which were present in all incarnations of the electorate.Queensland Government Gazettes: 1909, p.553; 1915, p.

It might be argued that since such redistributions of resources are not observed now, why would either Rawlsian or utilitarian constructs be appropriate for climate change (Arrow et al., 1996b, p. 140)? A possible response to this would point to the fact that in the absence of government intervention, market rates of redistribution will not equal social rates.

Early sessions dealt with issues of land, labour, railways, public works, immigration, education and gold discoveries. In April 1864, Australia's first Hansard was produced. That year also saw member numbers increased to 32, and by 1868—as more redistributions occurred—the number grew to 42. Members were not paid until 1886, effectively excluding the working class from state politics.

In 1948, the Federal Division of McMillan was proclaimed in his honour, covering western Gippsland. The first elections in the new electorate were held in 1949.Australian Electoral Commission Profile of the electoral division of McMillan (Vic) Retrieved on 11 September 2012 Submissions were made to the Australian Electoral Commission redistributions of Victoria in 2002 and 2010 to have the name changed.

The Division of Maribyrnong is an Australian electoral division in the state of Victoria. It is located in the inner north-western suburbs of Melbourne. It covers the suburbs of Aberfeldie, Airport West, Avondale Heights, Braybrook, Essendon, Gowanbrae, Kealba, Keilor East, Maribyrnong, Moonee Ponds, Niddrie, St Albans and Sunshine North. Due to redistributions, the division has been slowly moving west.

Renamed from Elizabeth at the 2006 state election, the electorate was originally drawn around the City of Elizabeth (now part of the City of Playford). The 1998 and 2002 redistributions made considerable changes, moving the focus further east. The electorate covers an area of approximately . Little Para was mostly working class, with some middle class suburbs on its eastern edges.

The Deputy Leadership Ballot closed at 17:00 UTC+1 on 22 June. Brown was declared leader at a special conference on 24 June, while in an election on the Alternative Vote system, Harriet Harman won the Deputy Leadership by 50.4% to Alan Johnson's 49.6% after preferences were re-distributed, Jon Cruddas coming narrowly third. Harman had been behind until the last round of redistributions.

The neoliberal nation-state is one of the most important agents of redistributive policies. Even when privatization or commodification appear to be profitable to the lower class, in the long run it can affect the economy negatively. The state seeks redistributions through a variety of things, like changing the tax code to profit returns on investment rather than incomes and wages (of the lower classes).

Charles La Trobe, the division's namesake The division was proclaimed at the redistribution of 11 May 1949, and was first contested at the 1949 election. It was named after Charles La Trobe, the first Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria. It was originally located closer to the city, but redistributions moved it further south-east. It originally included the suburbs of Croydon, Dandenong, Ferntree Gully and Ringwood.

Redistributions eventually moved the electorate north until it included Gunnedah and Mudgee. This incarnation was held by the conservative parties—Liberal and National—for its entire existence, and for most of that time was safely conservative. The original electorate was abolished at the 11 October 1984 redistribution. At the redistribution of 31 January 1992 the electorate was recreated, covering a similar area to the original electorate.

The town of Lawrence was within the electorate. In the 1875 electoral redistribution, the electorate's area was unaltered, but boundary changes were introduced in subsequent electoral redistributions. In the 1890 electoral redistribution, the electorate moved further inland and the settlements of Tapanui and Roxburgh were gained. In the 1892 electoral redistribution, the electorate moved further inland again and Tapanui was lost again, but Alexandra was gained.

The Division is named after the suburb of Kooyong, on which it was originally based. However, the suburb of Kooyong has not been in its namesake electorate for some time, being instead in neighbouring Higgins. Nonetheless, the seat has retained the name of Kooyong, primarily because the Australian Electoral Commission's guidelines on electoral redistributions require it to preserve the names of original electorates where possible.

Section 24 of the Constitution requires that electorates be apportioned among the States in proportion to their respective populations; provided that each original State has at least 5 members in the House of Representatives. Section 29 of the Constitution forbids electorate boundaries from crossing state lines, and the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 sets out further requirements.Australian Electoral Commission.Research Report 4 – Australian Federal Redistributions 1901–2003.

Before the election, the Liberal Party made allegations of a Labor 'gerrymander', due to the perceived unfair state of the electoral boundaries. While Labor had not instituted any type of imbalanced electoral legislation, it had nonetheless not issued a redistribution since 1983 (which it was not required to do, because redistributions were only required after every third election). So while the electoral districts were equal within the required 10 percent tolerances when they were drawn in 1983, population shifts had increased that imbalance substantially. Because of this, a 1991 state referendum made redistributions mandatory by the Electoral Commission of South Australia after each election, and included a 'fairness clause' where the commission should redraw boundaries with the objective that the party which receives over 50 percent of the statewide two-party vote at the forthcoming election should win the two-party vote in a majority of seats.

Fassifern was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1873 to 1992. It was based on the area south of Ipswich and stretched toward the New South Wales border, although in subsequent redistributions was reduced in size away from the growing Brisbane area. It was named after the Fassifern Valley. Fassifern was a safe Country/National district for most of its existence.

He was replaced by Bridges' eventual successor to the leadership, Todd Muller, whose climate change portfolio was passed to Simpson. The sixth and final reshuffle, in February 2020, featured minor redistributions of portfolios following announcements that Maggie Barry (on 5 November 2019), Nicky Wagner, Sarah Dowie and David Carter (all on 11 February 2020, although Carter had previously indicated his intentions on 17 October 2018) would retire at the next election.

Normanby was created by the Electoral Districts Act in 1872 as a single-member seat, stretching from the coastal area around St Lawrence, west towards Clermont. Over the years of redistributions, Normanby became an inland electorate to the west of Rockhampton. Normanby was abolished in the 1949 redistribution which split it across the Electoral district of Mackenzie, the Electoral district of Keppel, and the Electoral district of Callide.

Clontarf was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1968 to 1989. It was located in the southern suburbs of Perth on the Canning River, including such suburbs as Wilson, Bentley, Karawara, Rossmoyne and Shelley. It was a marginal seat but with progressive redistributions lost Labor-voting areas to Victoria Park, Canning and Welshpool, and became substantially safer for the Liberal Party.

Sussex-Fundy-St. Martins is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was created as Kings East in 1973 and was slightly altered in the subsequent redistributions of 1994, 2006 and New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 2013. Its name was changed from Kings East to Sussex-Fundy-St. Martins in the 2013 redistribution, while gaining parts of Hampton-Kings and Saint John-Fundy in the process.

Southwest Miramichi–Bay du Vin () is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was created as Southwest Miramichi in 1973, by which name it was known until 2014, and was largely unchanged in the 1994 and 2006 redistributions. In the 2013 redistribution, it moved eastward absorbing those parts of the former district of Miramichi-Bay du Vin which were outside the city of Miramichi.

The international Adelaide Airport is centrally located in the electorate making noise pollution a prominent local issue, besides the aged care needs of the relatively elderly population − the seat has one of the highest proportions of citizens over the age of 65 in Australia. Progressive boundary redistributions over many decades transformed Hindmarsh from a safe Labor seat in to a marginal seat often won by the government of the day.

Te Tai Tokerau's boundaries are similar to those of the pre-Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) Northern Maori electorate. Te Tai Tokerau was created ahead of the first MMP election in 1996. In the 2002 boundary redistribution, the size of the electorate shrank to make room for an increase in the number of Māori electorates from six to seven. The boundaries were not further altered in the 2007 or 2013/14 redistributions.

Other suburbs included Berhampore, Ōwhiro Bay, Seatoun, and Roseneath. A revision after 1996 pulled the boundary southwards, moving the suburbs around the Basin Reserve and the Massey University campus into the electorate. In the 2002 redistribution, the area covered by the Rongotai electorate did not change. Changes to boundaries were done in the 2007 redistribution, but no further changes were done in the 2013/14 or 2019/20 redistributions.

Since the previous national election in 2007 there were a number of redistributions. These realignments of electorate boundaries are regularly undertaken by the Australian Electoral Commission and they maintain similar voter numbers in each electorate. They saw Labor's notional number of seats increase to 88 with the coalition's notional number decreased to 59, with independents in three. The swing required by the opposition to win majority government had decreased by approximately 0.1 percent.

He was elected to Parliament in 1989 after winning the seat of South Coast. The booming population of the Gold Coast saw Quinn's electorate undergo several redistributions and name changes. He was the member for Merrimac from 1992 to 2001 and the member for Robina from 2001 till his retirement from politics in 2006. The Liberal Party victory in the Mundingburra by-election in February 1996 brought about a hung parliament in Queensland.

He instituted the Pontifex maximus besides increasing the number of the sacerdotes and of the Collegium Pontificum and established various forms of dedication concerning various cults. In private law he made provision concerning the paelex (concubine). He made new redistributions of land, as the allotting to plebeians of demanial land. In the field of criminal law his innovations were remarkable: he established the distinction between voluntary homicide (named paricida) and non voluntary.

Redistributions were to be presided over by an independent boundaries commission. The bill passed with the support of the breakaway LM in the upper house—former Premier Steele Hall and his former Attorney-General Robin Millhouse.Jaensch (1981), pp. 231–232. One famous demonstration of Dunstan's charismatic style and media savvy came in January 1976. A psychic predicted that, due to Dunstan and the state's social liberalisation—which he saw as sinfulWhitelock, p. 141.

Reciprocal obligations are fulfilled by the nobles carrying out rituals that only they can perform. They may also make token, symbolic redistributions of food and other goods. In two or three-tiered chiefdoms, higher-ranking chiefs have control over a number of lesser ranking individuals, each of whom controls specific territory or social units. Political control rests on the chief's ability to maintain access to a sufficiently large body of tribute, passed up the line by lesser chiefs.

Climate change may occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors; recent warming is discussed in global warming. Global warming results in redistributions. For example, "a 3°C change in mean annual temperature corresponds to a shift in isotherms of approximately 300–400 km in latitude (in the temperate zone) or 500 m in elevation. Therefore, species are expected to move upwards in elevation or towards the poles in latitude in response to shifting climate zones".

Toowong was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1888 to 1992. It was centred on the Northern Brisbane suburb of Toowong. Redistributions over the years extended Toowong toward Mt Coot-tha and Moggill, and it shrank back toward the populated areas when Mt Coot-tha was given its own district. Toowong was abolished in the 1991 redistribution, and its territories were absorbed into the districts of Mt Coot-tha and Indooroopilly.

Ocean currents are another important factor in determining climate, particularly the major underwater thermohaline circulation which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions. These currents help to moderate the differences in temperature between winter and summer in the temperate zones. Also, without the redistributions of heat energy by the ocean currents and atmosphere, the tropics would be much hotter, and the polar regions much colder. Lightning Weather can have both beneficial and harmful effects.

The AEC's main responsibility is to conduct federal elections, by-elections and referendums. The AEC is also responsible for the maintenance of up-to-date electoral rolls, devising electorate boundaries, apportionments and redistributions. Under the Joint Roll Arrangements, the AEC maintains electoral rolls for the whole of Australia, other than Western Australia, which is used by the state and territory Electoral Commissions to conduct their elections. The AEC publishes detailed election results and follows up electors who had failed to vote.

All the schemes of basic and supplementary pensions in France work on the method of distribution. The schemes redistribute every year, in the form of pensions paid to retirees, contributions received that year from the assets. If the rules of the various pension plans in France correspond to different concepts, however they are based on common principles. All schemes incorporate mechanisms of solidarity: solidarity between generations (principle of distribution) and solidarity within a single generation (large redistributions between different occupational groups and gender).

The electoral district of Logan was established under the 1872 Electoral Districts Act which excised the southern part of the Electoral district of East Moreton (the Gold Coast area). Successive redistributions shifted the boundaries northwards towards Brisbane. It was abolished in the 1949 redistribution, being mostly absorbed into the Electoral district of Coorparoo and the Electoral district of Yeronga. In the 1959 redistribution, the Logan electoral district was re-created in the Redland Shire, largely replacing the Electoral district of Darlington.

To date, the Chávez government has only distributed the first two types of land. Mission Vuelta al Campo fits into this context by seeking to facilitate the willing migration of urban residents back to the countryside in order to receive the benefits of these redistributions. The Chávez government desires that, with increased small-scale farming and ranching by formerly poor, mostly slum-dwelling Venezuelans, both increased economic opportunities of the poor as well as the food sovereignty of Venezuela may be secured.

As redistributions alter an electorate's area and demographic profile, the 2006 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics was the main source of information relating to the electorate. At the time of the 2006 census, the median age was thirty-five, as opposed to the state average of thirty-six. 69.5% of residents were born in Australia, below the state average of 75.2%. The percentage of Catholicism and Irreligion followers is in line with state averages, yet Anglicanism is somewhat less.

Sir John Robertson, the division's namesake The division was proclaimed in 1900, and was one of the original 65 divisions to be contested at the first federal election. The division was named after Sir John Robertson, the fifth Premier of New South Wales. Originally, Robertson was anchored in rural central NSW, encompassing the area around Dubbo, Mudgee and Wellington. It moved eastward to take in Gosford in 1913, and since then it has been moved further eastward in successive redistributions.

Greens candidate Jason Ball, for the Division of Higgins, failed to enter the two-party preferred vote, despite optimism within the Greens and a diminishing Liberal vote. In Macnamara (formerly Melbourne Ports), a three-way contest emerged between the Liberals, Labor and Greens. Greens candidate Steph Hodgins-May had come within a few hundred votes in 2016 of taking the seat, however, redistributions in the electorate for the 2019 election were unfavourable for the Greens' vote, and the party's final vote sat at 24.2%.

The seat was created for the February 1974 general election from the majority of the abolished constituency of Billericay. Its electorate was reduced for the 1983 general election when Billericay was re-established. It underwent a major redistributions for the 1997 election and again for the 2010 election, when it was renamed as South Basildon and East Thurrock. It was one of the best known bellwether constituencies in Britain, having voted for the winning party in each election for the duration of its existence.

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The Northcote electorate is based around the southern and western suburbs of Auckland's North Shore. In addition to the eponymous Northcote, there are Birkenhead, Birkdale, Beach Haven and the southern end of Glenfield. It was created ahead of the change to mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in 1996 by merging the seat of Birkenhead with most of the old Glenfield electorate. A small boundary adjustment was done prior to the , but no further boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent redistributions in 2002, 2007, and 2013/14.

It is estimated that most citizens of hoplite rank owned around 5 hectares of land. In Sparta, the reforms of Lycurgus led to a drastic redistribution of land, with 10 to 18 hectare lots (kleroi) distributed to each citizen. Elsewhere, tyrants undertook redistributions of land seized from wealthy political enemies. From the 4th century BCE onwards property starts to become concentrated among few land owners, including in Sparta where according to Aristotle, the land has passed into the hands of a few (Politics, II, 1270a).

13, No. 1, p. 209–225. Other traditional uses of private bills include chartering corporations, changing the charters of existing corporations, granting monopolies, approving of public infrastructure and seizure of property for those, as well as enclosure of commons and similar redistributions of property. Those types of private bills operate to take away private property and rights from certain individuals, but are usually not called "bill of pains and penalties". Unlike the latter, Acts appropriating property with compensation are constitutionally uncontroversial as a form of compulsory purchase.

The 1983 electoral redistribution was even more politically influenced than the previous one in 1977. The Labour Party believed it had been disadvantaged in 1977 and it was not to let this happen again. Every proposal was put to intense scrutiny, and this resulted in the electoral redistribution taking forty-one working days; the average length of the five previous redistributions was eight. As Social Credit had two MPs, the Labour Party nominee on the commission formally represented that party, which further increased tensions.

The term is a portmanteau of Joh Bjelke- Petersen's surname with the word "Gerrymander", where electoral boundaries are redrawn in an unnatural way with the dominant intention of favouring one political party or grouping over its rivals. Although Bjelke-Petersen's 1972 redistributions occasionally had elements of "gerrymandering" in the strict sense, their perceived unfairness had more to do with malapportionment whereby certain areas (normally rural) are simply granted more representation than their population would dictate if electorates contained equal numbers of voters (or population).

As forest conditions and forest management practices change, the roster of insects perceived to be pests changes. The Hopkins U.S. System files contain valuable biological information that can be used basis for dealing with insects reaching pest status. Because the files contain a vast amount of information on relationships between forest pests and their parasites, predators, and other associated insects, they have served as a source of information to evaluate the potential for biological control through introductions/redistributions of natural enemies or manipulation of habitats.

To privatize them away and sell them as stock to private companies is what Harvey calls accumulation by dispossession. State redistributions can be in the form of contracts given to power groups: for large infrastructures, services paid by the state and carried out by private enterprise, defense developments, research projects. One would have to find out if those contracts serve public good in a fair way or if they sustain a power structure. Also, the granting of licenses for all sorts of state sanctioned activities can turn out as unfair wealth distribution.

Karnataka, thus, other than the communist bastions of Kerala and West Bengal, has had one of the most successful land redistributions in the country. A side-effect of this was to break the hold of the previously dominant Lingayat and Vokkaliga castes over local politics. He was helped in his endeavours by his colleagues Huchamasti Gowda, B Subbayya Shetty and others from his cabinet. Other schemes included the building of shelters for migrant workers; the forgiveness of rural debt; and, in a populist masterstroke, a plan to have an electric bulb in every house.

A referendum on electoral redistributions in South Australia was held on 9 February 1991. The proposal put to voters would require the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission to redistribute the electoral boundaries following every election, and to consider a broader range of criteria when reviewing boundaries: specifically, "to draw the boundaries in such a way that the party with the majority of (the two-party) vote would also win the majority of seats and so be able to form government". The proposals were accepted by a wide margin.

The division is named after John Macarthur and his wife Elizabeth, who were both pioneers of Australia's wool industry. The main products and work in the electorate are in the fruit and vegetable production, lucerne and fodder crops, wine, dairy cattle and horse-breeding. Macarthur has changed hands regularly over the years as redistributions have favoured different parties. Macarthur was a bellwether seat from the time of its establishment in 1949 until the 2007 election—during that 58-year period it was always held by a member of the governing party or coalition.

Enfield is governed by the City of Port Adelaide Enfield council (seated at Port Adelaide) at the local government level. The council has one of its main offices located in the Enfield Public Library, the site of the seat of the former City of Enfield which amalgamated with the City of Port Adelaide in 1996. At state government level, Enfield is contained in the state electoral district of Enfield. The Enfield electorate was first created in 1956-1970 and then later re-established as a part of the 1998 electorate redistributions.

The Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is made up of 25 single-member electoral divisions. The Electoral Act 2004 dictates the characteristics of each of these electorates, and requires, among other things, that each electorate has a similar number of eligible voters and that the physical area of an electorate should be kept as small as is practicable. Mandatory redistributions take place in the middle of each term in order to respond to changing demographics. The boundaries of each division attempts to match a quota of the average divisional enrolment as closely as possible.

Windsor was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1912 to 1992. First created for the 1912 state election, the district was based in the northern suburbs of Brisbane, taking in areas north of Breakfast Creek and south of Kedron Brook. Later redistributions expanded the district westward, whilst still retaining the suburbs of Alderley, Grange, Wilston and Windsor. Windsor was abolished ahead of 1992 state election, divided between the pre-existing district of Brisbane Central and the new district of Kedron.

The larger 2004–13 incarnation. Kingston began to move south from 1969 when the Holdfast Bay area was transferred to the newly created seat of Hawker. Successive redistributions saw Hawker continue to push Kingston south over time, and by 1984 the seat had moved to roughly its current position, though without the current southern coastal strip.SA boundary map, 1984: Atlas SA The redistribution before the 2013 election removed Kingston's rural areas with the transfer of around 6,500 voters in McLaren Vale and Willunga to Mayo, increasing Labor's Kingston margin by half a percent.

A redistribution ahead of the 1984 election made Hindmarsh far less safe for Labor. From then on, successive redistributions gradually gave it a voting pattern similar to mortgage belt seats, which tend to be fairly marginal. Labor's hold on the seat became even more tenuous in the redistribution prior to the 1993 election when it absorbed most of the area around Holdfast Bay that had previously been in abolished Hawker. This reduced Labor's two-party margin from an already marginal 5.3 percent to a paper-thin one percent.

1–11 At the state level, from 1957 to 1989, the Country Party under Frank Nicklin and Joh Bjelke-Petersen dominated governments in Queensland—for the last six of those years ruling in its own right, without the Liberals. It also took part in governments in New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia.Joseph Bindloss, Queensland (2002) p. 24 However, successive electoral redistributions after 1964 indicated that the Country Party was losing ground electorally to the Liberals as the rural population declined, and the nature of some parliamentary seats on the urban/rural fringe changed.

Cruickshank finished third on the primary votes behind Labor candidate Margaret Delves and independent Thomas Marriott, but with Liberal preferences pushed into second place and was elected the victor on Marriott's preferences, with a margin of 51.52%. Partly due to redistributions which greatly strengthened the National Party in Murrumbidgee, Cruickshank faced no further serious challenges and was re-elected in 1988, 1991, and 1995. He retired in 1999, and was succeeded as National MP for the seat by Adrian Piccoli. On 21 May 2010, Cruickshank died at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital from pneumonia.

Northcote is based around the suburbs of Auckland's North Shore that are closest to the northern end of the Auckland Harbour Bridge. In addition to the eponymous Northcote, there are Birkenhead, Birkdale, Beach Haven and the southern end of Glenfield. It was created ahead of the change to mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in 1996 by merging the seat of Birkenhead with most of the old Glenfield electorate. A small boundary adjustment was done prior to the , but no further boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent redistributions in 2002, 2007, and 2013/14.

These processes change the Earth's moment of inertia, affecting the rate of rotation due to the conservation of angular momentum. Some of these redistributions increase Earth's rotational speed, shorten the solar day and oppose tidal friction. For example, glacial rebound shortens the solar day by 0.6 ms/century and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is thought to have shortened it by 2.68 microseconds. It is evident from the figure that the Earth's rotation has slowed at a decreasing rate since the initiation of the current system in 1971, and the rate of leap second insertions has therefore been decreasing.

Copyleft is a general method to make a program (or other type of work) free, demanding that all modified and extended versions of it are also free. The Ruby License has unusual copyleft requirements, stating that redistributions should not necessarily be under the terms of the Ruby license, but placed "in the Public Domain or otherwise Freely Available". For example, a modified form of a program licensed under the Ruby license may be placed under the FreeBSD License, which is a non copyleft license, so it is permissive, and it can cause the software to become private.

Lake Corangamite (in the background), the division's namesake Until the 1930s it was usually a marginal seat which leaned toward the conservative parties, but was won by the Australian Labor Party during high-tide elections. In 1918, it was the first seat won by what would become the Country Party. It was held by the Liberals (and their immediate predecessor, the United Australia Party) without interruption from 1934 to 2007. A reasonably safe seat for most of the time from the 1950s to the 1990s, it became increasingly less safe from 1998 onward as successive redistributions pushed it further into Geelong.

McPherson Range, a region in Queensland from which the division takes its name The division was created in 1948 and is named after the McPherson Range, which forms one of the divisional boundaries. McPherson is located in south east Queensland, and originally included the entire Gold Coast region, stretching as far as the Scenic Rim and Southern Downs. However, the area's dramatic population growth saw the seat shrink with successive redistributions, culminating in 1983 when most of its northern portion became Moncrieff. It now serves the southern portion of the Gold Coast, including Coolangatta, Burleigh Heads, Tugun and Palm Beach.

Its boundaries had changed at all three redistributions undertaken since its creation, as dwindling populations in both the old Clutha-Southland electorate and in the neighbouring Invercargill electorate have forced both seats northwards to ensure every electorate population stays within certain limits. This trend stopped in the 2013 redistribution, however, with both the Clutha-Southland and Invercargill electorates remaining unchanged in area, and then reversed in the 2020 redistribution, with the electorate gaining a large area around Alexandra from , but losing the Balclutha area to the new electorate and Tuatapere to Invercargill. It was renamed as it no longer included the Clutha area.

At the 2016 federal election of the 150 House of Representatives seats the Liberal/National Coalition won 76, a one-seat majority, Labor won 69 seats and crossbenchers won the remaining five. A redistribution in 2017/18 changed the representation entitlements. For the next election, the number of seats in the House will increase to 151, South Australia will lose a seat, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) will gain one seat each. The following Mackerras pendulum shows the notional margins for seats following boundary redistributions in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, the Northern Territory and the ACT.

It was won by Liberal Aurel Smith, formerly the member for Bellarine, upon its inception, and retained for the party by Harley Dickinson upon Smith's retirement in 1982. Dickinson held the seat until 1992, when he quit the party and attempted to retain the seat as an independent, but lost to endorsed Liberal candidate and former television newsreader Alister Paterson. The seat underwent significant demographic change during Paterson's tenure as successive redistributions pushed it further into Geelong. Major population growth in the traditionally Labor-voting areas of Torquay, Barwon Heads and southern Geelong, caused the seat to become progressively less safe for the Liberal Party.

However, it has retained the name of Werriwa, primarily as it is an original Federation electorate—the Australian Electoral Commission's guidelines on electoral redistributions require it to preserve the names of original Federation electorates where possible. It is a very safe seat for Labor, which has held it continuously since 1934 and for all but nine years since 1906. Werriwa is best remembered for being the electorate of former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, who held it from 1952 to 1978. It was represented from 1994 to 2005 by one of Whitlam's former aides, Mark Latham, the leader of the ALP and Leader of the Opposition from 2003 to 2005.

OpenSSL is double licensed under the OpenSSL License and the SSLeay License, which means that the terms of both licenses apply. The OpenSSL License is Apache License 1.0 and SSLeay License bears some similarity to a 4-clause BSD License. As the OpenSSL License is Apache License 1.0, but not Apache License 2.0, it requires the phrase "this product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit" to appear in advertising material and any redistributions (Sections 3 and 6 of the OpenSSL License). Due to this restriction, the OpenSSL License and the Apache License 1.0 are incompatible with the GNU GPL.

The number of members is not fixed but can vary with boundary changes resulting from electoral redistributions, which are required on a regular basis. The most recent overall increase in the size of the House, which came into effect at the 1984 election, increased the number of members from 125 to 148. It reduced to 147 at the 1993 election, returned to 148 at the 1996 election, has been 150 since the 2001 election, and has increased to 151 at the 2019 Australian federal election.Determination of membership entitlement to the House of Representatives Each division elects one member using full- preferential instant-runoff voting.

1182; 1960, p.1911. Maps in Waterson, D.B. Biographical register of the Queensland Parliament, 1930-1980 Canberra: ANU Press (1982). The seat originally extended as far north as Nanango and Blackbutt whilst only extending a short distance west to Oakey; however, at the 1912 election, its north-south distance was cut by about half, with the northern areas going to the new seat of Nanango and some areas on Toowoomba's outskirts such as Highfields and Wellcamp going to the new seat of Drayton. At the 1923 election, Drayton was abolished and over two successive redistributions, Aubigny both moved closer to Toowoomba and further west.

In the ritsi-held lands of Ethiopia, which includes Tigray, peasants have always taken a close interest in government measures that could impact on their access to land. The extent to which the Derg's land reform was carried out in Tigray is difficult to ascertain. It is clear that land held by the nobility was confiscated, and gulti obligations terminated by the peasants on their own, very quickly after they heard of the Derg's 1975 proclamation. However, formal land redistributions were rarely initiated by peasants, and the Derg's weak presence in the province before 1977-8 meant that they were probably not carried out in most of the province.

Caroline Chisholm, the division's namesake On its original boundaries, it was a comfortably safe Liberal seat centred on Camberwell. However, successive redistributions from 1980 onward have moved the electorate south-east, taking in strongly Labor-voting suburbs to balance out the relatively affluent Liberal-leaning suburbs in the north of the seat, and making the seat marginal. The first member for Chisholm, Sir Wilfrid Kent Hughes, was one of Australia's most distinguished soldiers and a former Olympian, who held the seat until his death on 31 July 1970. Labor finally took the seat in the 1983 landslide that brought Bob Hawke to power, only to lose it in 1987.

Electoral redistributions saw his seat renamed Deer Park in 1967 and Keilor in 1976. On 8 April 1982, Ginifer was made a minister in John Cain's first cabinet as Minister for Consumer Affairs and Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, but he resigned from those posts, and from the parliament, a month later on 10 May, after being diagnosed with terminal cancer. He died two months later on 9 July, aged 54. Ginifer railway station in St Albans, J. J. Ginifer Reserve in Altona North, Jack Ginifer Reserve in Gladstone Park, and Ginifer Court, a cul-de-sac in St Albans, were named after him.

Macartney was Secretary for Public Lands from 7 February 1911 until 11 December 1912 and served as Leader of the Opposition twice: in 1915 and again from 1918 to 1920. Although a speaker of no more than average ability, and regarded as being overly sensitive to criticism, he chaired several committees and exerted considerable parliamentary power from 1902 onwards. He argued for one vote, one value, took a keen interest in electoral redistributions, and in 1905 introduced legislation against juvenile smoking. From 1915 until his retirement from parliament, Macartney was at loggerheads with the ALP Government, which condemned him as a representative of monopolies and the money power.

The Parliamentary boroughs in the area, during the period of the existence of this constituency, were Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, Knaresborough, Leeds, Pontefract, Ripon, Sheffield and Wakefield. For the 1865 general election the West Riding was split into two new two member county divisions by the Birkenhead Enfranchisement Act 1861. Unusually this local redistribution had taken place between the general redistributions of seats, in 1832 and 1868. This was because some seats, taken from Sudbury and St Albans boroughs disenfranchised for corruption, were re-allocated to what (by the developing idea that representation should be related to population) were the still under- represented northern English counties.

Woollarawarre Bennelong, the division's namesake When the Division of Bennelong was created in 1949, it covered mainly the suburbs of Ryde, Hunters Hill and Lane Cove, all of which were (and still are) relatively affluent areas, and as such it has historically been a "fairly safe" Liberal seat. Over the years Bennelong became increasingly marginal, and this has been attributed to two factors. Firstly, the electoral boundary of Bennelong has been redrawn ("redistributed") numerous times, pushing it further westward into Labor-friendly territory. Successive redistributions eliminated Lane Cove and Hunters Hill in the east and incorporated Eastwood, Epping, Carlingford and middle-class Ermington in the north and west.

The government had begun land seizures in accordance with the agrarian reform law, but was hedging on compensation offers to landowners, instead offering low-interest "bonds", a step which put the United States on alert. At this point the affected wealthy cattlemen of Camagüey mounted a campaign against the land redistributions and enlisted the newly-disaffected rebel leader Huber Matos, who along with the anti-Communist wing of 26 July Movement, joined them in denouncing "Communist encroachment".Anderson 1997, p. 435. During this time Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo was offering assistance to the "Anti- Communist Legion of the Caribbean" which was training in the Dominican Republic.

Collie-Preston is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. While the seat was known as Collie for just over a century of its existence as an electorate, the seat was known as South West Mining from 1901 to 1904, and Collie-Wellington from 2005 to 2008. It is named for the South West coal mining town of Collie. While historically a very safe seat for the Labor Party, redistributions in 1988 and 2007 due to increases in the quota for country seats which had historically been malapportioned resulted in the seat incorporating surrounding rural shires which were hostile to Labor and thereby becoming more marginal.

The Electoral district of Leederville was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. The district was named for the inner northern Perth suburb of Leederville, which fell within its borders. Starting off as a vast seat covering most of Perth's northwestern hinterland, it shrank in size at various redistributions until, by the time of its abolishment, it was an inner suburban seat able to be absorbed into Wembley and Mount Hawthorn. Leederville was largely created out of the abolished Balcatta by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1911, and its first member, elected at the 1911 state election, was the former member for Balcatta, Labor's Frederick Gill.

Prime Minister John Howard lost his own seat of Bennelong, in the Sydney area, to Labor candidate and former journalist Maxine McKew, becoming the second sitting prime minister, and the third party leader, since Federation to be defeated in his own electorate. Prime Minister Stanley Bruce and National Party leader Charles Blunt lost their seats in 1929 and 1990 respectively. Howard had held the seat since 1974, and it had been in Liberal hands ever since its creation in 1949. However, successive redistributions, along with demographic change, had made the once safe Liberal seat much friendlier to Labor; much of the area was represented by Labor at the state level.

Unlike most other provinces and the federal government, the province of New Brunswick until very recently had no statutory mechanism for electoral district redistribution. Thus, redistributions were not predictable and occurred only when consensus in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick demanded it. Throughout most of New Brunswick's early history redistribution was a result of the addition of new counties, upon which the districts were based, which expanded from seven in 1785 to fifteen in 1874. Starting in 2005-2006, electoral distributions were undertaken under statutory requirements first immediately thereafter and initially after every decennial Canadian census starting in 2011, however the Act was later amendment to hold them after every two general elections.

The following is a pendulum based on the outcome of the 2010 federal election and changes since, including the redistributions of seats in South Australia and Victoria. It is a Mackerras Pendulum, invented by psephologist Malcolm Mackerras, which works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament (71 Labor, 72 Coalition, 1 Green, 1 KAP and 5 independent) according to the percentage point margin on a two-candidate-preferred basis.Two Candidate Preferred by Division: AEC The two-party result is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties in an election, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted.

It has also been suggested that women of color in addition to the glass ceiling, face a "concrete wall" or a "sticky floor" to better visualize the barriers. Liberal feminist theory states that due to these systemic factors of oppression and discrimination, women are often deprived of equal work experiences because they are not provided equal opportunities on the basis of legal rights. Liberal feminists further propose that an end needs to be put to discrimination based on gender through legal means, leading to equality and major economic redistributions. While activists have tried calling on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to provide an equal hiring and promotional process, that practice has had limited success.

Similarly, the Thakurs, who were traditionally warriors, were redundant, and he noted that in some cases occupations had been merged, an example being that the Badiga in an area of South India were by then both carpenters and blacksmiths. Another notable development was the influx of Muslim people into the system. Thomas Beidelman has suggested that the rapid rise in the lower-caste population coupled with the division of lands held by the higher castes tipped a finely balanced, sometimes strained, but viable system of supply and demand into one that could not be sustained. The system had adapted to imbalances for many years by various redistributions but could not do so indefinitely.

As a result, the ownership of the basic means of production was divided into three levels with collective land ownership vested in the production team (see also Ho [2001]). A third land reform beginning in the late 1970s re-introduced the family-based contract system known as the Household Responsibility System, was followed by a period of stagnation. Chen, Wang, and Davis [1998] suggest that the stagnation was due, in part, to a system of periodic redistributions that encouraged over- exploitation rather than private capital investment in future productivity. However, although land use rights were returned to individual farmers, collective land ownership was left undefined after the disbandment of the People's Communes.

Based on ABC analyst Antony Green's calculations of the effect of boundary redistributions for the next election, and the outcome of the 2018 Wentworth by-election, the pendulum has the Coalition government on 73 of 151 seats with the Labor opposition on 72 seats and a crossbench of six seats. Assuming a theoretical nationwide uniform swing, the Labor opposition would need at least 50.7% of the two-party vote (at least a 1.1-point two-party swing) to win 76 seats and majority government. The incumbent Coalition government no longer holds a majority, and would require at least 51.1% of the two-party vote (at least a 0.7-point two- party swing) to regain it.

Green also writes a comprehensive blog on electoral matters. Green has said that he tends not to do campaign commentary and that he "prefers to go into an election night with no preconceived view on the outcome and to just concentrate on understanding the data as it comes in". In a 2015 interview, he explained that some of the work in preparation for his election night coverage can start years earlierincluding building up the database with candidates, polling places and past results and calculating the impact of redistributions. He also recounted the move from doing the coverage from tally rooms to the studio after his "nightmare" of the power outage during the on air coverage of the 2010 Victorian state election.

Lake George, the Aboriginal name of which is the division's namesake Originally, Werriwa was a large and mostly rural electorate that stretched from southwest Sydney to the northern part of what is now the ACT, and included the Southern Highlands, Goulburn and part of the South West Slopes. In succeeding years following its establishment, with demographic change and electoral redistributions, Werriwa began to shrink and from 1913 onwards no longer contained Lake George. It underwent several other major changes to its borders over the years. The 1949 expansion of Parliament saw Werriwa lose most of its remaining rural territory to the newly created Division of Macarthur and move to approximately its current position in southwest Sydney, over away from Lake George.

The 1971 and 1977 redistributions greatly reduced the area of the electorate and minor changes were made in 1991, including the loss of Carbrook in the north and coastal areas below Paradise Point in the south. Its consistently changing boundaries together with its existence in a high-growth area do not provide consistent political leanings over time, although it showed more inclination towards the Labor Party over time than any other Gold Coast seat. The last Member for Albert, Mark Boothman, was first elected in the 2012 election. Albert was removed in the 2017 electoral redistribution, its northern part being transferred into Logan and Macalister, its centre part transferred into Coomera, and its southern part transferred into the new electorate of Theodore.

This measure, which was endorsed by the third Duma in an act passed on 21 December 1908, is calculated to have far-reaching and profound effects on the rural economy of Russia. Thirteen years previously the government had endeavored to secure greater fixity and permanence of tenure by providing that at least twelve years must elapse between every two redistributions of the land belonging to a mir amongst those entitled to share in it. The order of November 1906 had provided that the various strips of land held by each peasant should be merged into a single holding; the Duma, however, on the advice of the government, left this to the future, as an ideal that could only gradually be realized.

Map of current Victorian electoral districts, coloured by result at the 2014 Victorian state election For the purpose of electing members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, one of the two houses of the Parliament of the Australian State of Victoria, the State is divided into 88 single-member electoral districts, commonly referred to as "seats" or "electorates". The Legislative Assembly has had 88 electorates since the 1985 election, increased from 81 previously. Electoral boundaries were last redrawn in 2013, when the Victorian Electoral Boundaries Commission reviewed Victoria's district boundaries, and the resulting redistribution applied at the 2014 and the 2018 state elections.Report on the 2012-13 redivision of electoral boundaries Electoral Boundaries Commission Previous redistributions for Legislative Assembly districts took place in 2005, 2001 and 1991.

He survived two redistributions in the Liberals' favour–prior to the 1977 election from a marginal Labor seat to a notional marginal Liberal seat and again prior to the 1984 election from a fairly safe Labor seat to a notional marginal Labor seat. Jacobi handed the seat to Labor's Elizabeth Harvey, who held the seat for one term before being defeated by Liberal Chris Gallus at the 1990 election on a razor-edge 0.01 percent two-party margin from a 1.2 percent two-party swing, a victory of just 14 votes. Had just 14 Australian Democrats supporters ranked Harvey second on their ballots rather than Gallus, Harvey would have been re- elected. The seat was abolished prior to the 1993 election, with its territory being split between nearby Boothby and Hindmarsh.

Jackson became a Member of the AFL Commission in 1995, then took over the role of CEO in 1996. In his time as CEO of the AFL during the 1990s Jackson continued the expansion of the game into a national competition, initially started by Allen Aylett during the 1970s. He was a strong champion of the sixteen-team competition and during his tenure the AFL supported then struggling clubs including the Western Bulldogs and Kangaroos with several million dollars being made available from various redistributions of AFL monies which became known as the "Competitive Balance Fund". He presided over the $500 million television rights deal in 2001 that saw coverage move from the Seven Network to the partnership of Nine Network, Network Ten and Foxtel (Fox Footy Channel).

The boundaries of the North Shore electorate were last adjusted for the first election held using the mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system in , when the number of general electorates decreased from 95 (1993) to 60 (1996), and the electorate expanded to the north into an area previously belonging to . No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent redistributions in 2002, 2007, and 2013/14. North Shore stretches up the eastern coast of North Shore City in Auckland, starting in the south at Devonport and moving northwards to take in Lake Pupuke and the suburbs of Takapuna, Westlake and Campbells Bay. North Shore is predominately New Zealand European, and has an average income high above the national average, boasting some of the most expensive real estate in the country.

Central (1930-1950 and 1983-) has had different boundaries during the three of the four Slough redistributions in which it has existed (it was divided between Central North and Central South wards 1950-1983), but it has always been a three-member ward with Wexham to the north, Langley to the east, Upton to the south, Chalvey to the south-west and Baylis & Stoke to the west. It was part of the original parish of Upton- cum-Chalvey, although the hamlet of Slough (a few scattered houses and coaching inns along the Great West Road and Windsor Road) was smaller than the villages of Upton and Chalvey until the Great Western Railway arrived in the 1840s. 2003-2004: Labour held the three seats under the 1983 boundaries. 2004: Labour won one and the Conservatives two of the three seats of the revised ward.

English counties were first divided for parliamentary purposes under the Reform Act 1832, when larger counties were divided into two divisions. However none of the county divisions crossed the historic county boundaries (except that under the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 detached parts were allocated for parliamentary purposes to the counties in which they were geographically located). Boundary reviews were considered county by county unless, in the interests of producing more equal constituencies, two or more review areas (administrative counties and county boroughs between the redistributions of 1918 and 1974) were combined for a particular redistribution. In 1918 Rutland, the smallest of the historic counties was joined with part of another county, but it was rare for an English constituency to cross county or county borough boundaries before the redistribution of 1983, which was based on the altered local government arrangements introduced in 1974.

Central (1930-1950 and 1983-) has had different boundaries during the three redistributions in which it has existed, but it has always been a three-member ward with Wexham to the north, Langley to the east, Upton to the south, Chalvey to the south-west and Baylis & Stoke to the west. It was part of the original parish of Upton-cum-Chalvey, although the hamlet of Slough (a few scattered houses and coaching inns along the Great West Road and Windsor Road) was smaller than the villages of Upton and Chalvey until the Great Western Railway arrived in the 1840s. It was a safe Labour ward under the 1983 boundaries, but in 2004 the Conservatives won two of the three seats of the revised ward. Councillors by Party: (1997-2004) 3 Labour; (2004–2006) 2 Conservative, 1 Labour; (2006-) 2 Labour, 1 Conservative.

Since IBM released the relevant code under the terms of the GPL, it claims that the only permission that SCO has to copy and distribute IBM's code in Linux is under the terms and conditions of the GPL, one of which requires the distributor to "accept" the GPL. IBM says that SCO violated the GPL by denouncing the GPL's validity, and by claiming that the GPL violates the U.S. Constitution, together with copyright, antitrust and export control laws. IBM also claims that SCO's SCOsource program is incompatible with the requirement that redistributions of GPLed works must be free of copyright licensing fees (fees may be charged for the acts of duplication and support). IBM has brought counterclaims alleging that SCO has violated the GPL and breached IBM's copyrights by collecting licensing fees while distributing IBM's copyrighted material.

Originally a hybrid urban-rural seat stretching from southwest Sydney to the Southern Highlands, successive redistributions have shrunk the geographical size of the seat due to the rapid growth of the Campbelltown area. In the redistribution prior to the 2001 federal election, Southern Highlands towns such as Bowral and Moss Vale were removed, shrinking the seat to one eighth of its original size and making it an entirely Sydney-based seat. This made the seat notionally Labor by 1.3%, from the previous 5.6% of the Liberals, prompting Liberal minister and former New South Wales premier John Fahey to retire. However, his replacement as Liberal candidate, former ultra-marathoner, Pat Farmer, achieved an 8.3% swing to retain the seat for the Liberals, actually tallying a primary vote large enough to win without the need for preferences. He increased the margin from 7 to 9.5% at the 2004 election.

The population of Germany, which was updated as of December 31, 2011, was subsequently adjusted to 80.3 million on the basis of census results. It is thus about 1.5 million inhabitants lower than the figures reproduced on the basis of the update of the census of 1987 (Federal Republic of Germany including Berlin (West)) and the registry data of the New Federal States of 3 October 1990. This corresponds to an error of 1.9% A correction of the population update by 31 December 2012 on the basis of the results of the 2011 census is to be made by 5 August 2013. The population level as at 31 March 2013 should be published again on the regular date (15 August 2013) As a result of the changed relative population shares of the federal states, there will be redistributions for country financings and sales tax distribution for the years 2011 and 2012.

Among Wührer's editorial activities, he wrote Masterpieces of Piano Music (Wilhelmshaven, 1966); compiled a collection of works by old masters; and prepared editions of the Chopin Etudes, polonaises by Wilhelm Friedemann Bach,Österreichischer Bundesverlag edition, 1949 and the piano music of Franz Schmidt. Claiming to be respecting the composer's own wishes, he created two-hand redistributions of the left-hand works that Schmidt had written for Paul Wittgenstein, although Wittgenstein evidently voiced strong objections.Brofeldt, Hans, Piano Music for the Left Hand Alone, Appendix, Rearrangement of left-hand music for two hands accessed December 16, 2009 Besides editing the Etudes, Wührer wrote 18 Studies on Chopin Etudes in Contrary Motion (1958) as a pedagogical work for equalising the facility of both hands. Wührer also composed and published cadenzas for Mozart's piano concerti in C major, K. 467; C minor, K. 491; and D major, K. 537.

In May 1422 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester had been appointed keeper of the realm whilst King Henry V was away in France. In August 1422 the dying king appointed Gloucester as regent of England. Gilbert Denys had been in the service of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and had appointed the latter's son Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester as one of the two overseers of his will. It was possibly at the request of Beaufort, influential on the regency council, that the wardship of Maurice was awarded to Sir Edward Stradling of St Donat's Castle, Glamorgan, who was then about to marry Beaufort's illegitimate daughter by Alice FitzAlan. Gilbert Denys had been born in Glamorgan and had known Edward Stradling well, having quitclaimed his interests in land in Glamorgan to Stradling following the extensive redistributions of land consequent on the death of Sir Lawrence Berkerolles of Coity Castle in 1411.

The lack of influence of Fisher's debt-deflation in academic economics is thus described by Ben Bernanke in : :Fisher's idea was less influential in academic circles, though, because of the counterargument that debt-deflation represented no more than a redistribution from one group (debtors) to another (creditors). Absent implausibly large differences in marginal spending propensities among the groups, it was suggested, pure redistributions should have no significant macroeconomic effects. Building on both the monetary hypothesis of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz as well as the debt deflation hypothesis of Irving Fisher, Bernanke developed an alternative way in which the financial crisis affected output. He builds on Fisher's argument that dramatic declines in the price level and nominal incomes lead to increasing real debt burdens, which in turn leads to debtor insolvency, thus leading to lowered aggregate demand and further decline in the price level, which develops into a debt deflation spiral.

Despite this 1991 change, Labor has won a further three elections (2002, 2010 and 2014) with less than 50% of the two party preferred vote; though in 2002 this was due to the support of independents (and also initially in 2014, until Labor's Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election soon after). Prior to the 2018 election, at which the Liberals won a majority, Labor had been in office for all but 12 years since 1970, the Liberals having only governed from 1979-1982 and 1993-2002\. Since the end of the Playmander, South Australian politics have been characterised by a concentration of seats in the Adelaide metropolitan area, a manifestation of South Australia's status as the nation's most centralised state. Successive redistributions have resulted in Adelaide and its suburbs containing close to three-quarters of the seats (34 out of 47 in 2017).

Central (1930–1950 and 1983–) has had different boundaries during the three of the four Slough redistributions in which it has existed (it was divided between Central North and Central South wards 1950–1983), but it has always been a three-member ward with Wexham to the north, Langley to the east, Upton to the south, Chalvey to the south-west and Baylis & Stoke to the west. It was part of the original parish of Upton-cum- Chalvey, although the hamlet of Slough (a few scattered houses and coaching inns along the Great West Road and Windsor Road) was smaller than the villages of Upton and Chalvey until the Great Western Railway arrived in the 1840s. It was a safe Labour ward under the 1983 boundaries, but in 2004 the Conservatives won two of the three seats of the revised ward. In 2006 there was a straight fight between the Conservative incumbent and a Labour challenger, which the Labour candidate won.

Sir John Hindmarsh, the division's namesake Though initially based on the greater Port Adelaide area to the north of the present boundary, now represented by the Division of Port Adelaide, Hindmarsh has long been dominated by working-class families and aged pensioners. Redistributions from the late 1940s onward have moved Hindmarsh clear of its initial boundaries over time to include increasingly wealthy seaside suburbs in and around Glenelg and the Holdfast Bay area to the south. With only the two additional seats of Adelaide and Boothby covering the metropolitan area until 1949, the south-east state border rural seat of Barker was then considered a "hybrid urban-rural" seat, stretching all the way from the southern tip of South Australia at least as far as Glenelg and the Holdfast Bay area, and at times even stretched as far as the western metropolitan suburbs of Keswick and Henley Beach. After 1949 some of the area had variously been covered by Boothby, Kingston and now-abolished Hawker.

In 1765 the Spanish King decreed the Bourbon Reforms, which tried to recover the power of the King over the Spanish colonies and increase tax collection for the Crown. Besides administrative redistributions, the Spanish King set a policy aimed to decrease the power of the Catholic Church, which until that moment in time it was absolute over the Spaniards. This policy of diminished church power was based on the Illustration and had six main points: y tenía seis puntos principales: # Decline of the Jesuit cultural legacy # Trend towards a secular culture # Cartesianism # Paying more value to natural science over religious dogma # A severe criticism to the church role within the society. # Royalism The "Casa de Ejercicios" -"House of Spiritual Exercises"-, next to the San Lucas School was finished in 1767, but on April 2 of that year king Carlos III signed the Pragmatic Sanction by which he ordered the Society of Jesus to be expelled from all of his kingdom domains.

In 1973, Labor retained office with 54.5 percent of the two-party vote, and the LCL became the South Australian division of the Liberal Party of Australia in 1974. Labor retained power in 1975 with a majority of seats but lost the two-party vote on 49.2 percent. Dunstan then instituted "one vote one value" electoral reform, which meant that all seats had to contain approximately the same number of enrolled voters; and created an independent body, the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission, to draw the electoral boundaries.History of Redistributions, South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission After John Bannon won in 1989 even after losing the two-party vote at 48 percent, a 1991 referendum was passed which added a "fairness clause" to electoral legislation, requiring the commission to redistribute seats with a view toward ensuring that party which receives a majority of the statewide two-party vote at the forthcoming election should win the two-party vote (in terms of "traditional" two-party matchups between Labor and the Liberals) in a majority of seats.

When the Rump Parliament was recalled, later the same year, and the full Long Parliament was reinstated the following year its composition was exactly the same as before the Protectorate. Only three new English constituencies, with a total of six seats, were enfranchised between the restoration of King Charles II in 1660 and the Reform Act 1832. As many of the constituencies were rotten boroughs, which had either decayed into insignificance centuries ago or had never been important settlements, whereas some major towns only participated in elections as part of the historical county they were situated in, the state of representation was very imperfect. By the Glorious Revolution of 1688 there were 513 MPs, until the Act of Union 1707 added 45 MPs for Scotland. These 558 were again increased to 658 by the Act of Union 1800, with the addition of MPs for Ireland. Over the next 85 years the number of seats varied only slightly, as constituencies were disenfranchised for corruption and the seats were re- allocated some time later (see the lists below for details). The major redistributions of constituencies following the Reform Act 1832 and Reform Act 1867 both created a new House (elected in 1832 and 1868 respectively) with exactly 658 seats.