This also was the invention of Hero, and was a reaction engine, on the principle of the eolipile.
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On 16 May 1932 Mikhail Tukhachevsky filed a memorandum to the effect that GIRD and the State Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL) of Leningrad should be combined, and the result was the Reaction-Engine Scientific Research Institute (RNII), founded on 21 September 1933.
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RBU-1200 on a Pauk-class corvette The RBU-1200 ( Russian:Реактивно-Бомбовая Установка, Reaktivno-Bombovaja Ustanovka; reaction engine-bomb installation & Смерч; waterspout) is a Russian anti submarine rocket launcher . The weapon system is remotely similar to the British Hedgehog anti submarine rocket launcher from the Second World War.
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In practice, she functions more like a governess, being Lotta's constant companion and overseer. Intelligent and resourceful in her own right, she drives a customized pink hover car. ; Captain Clayton : : A dyed-in-the-wool military man. Several years ago he was in charge of test flights for Trick Star, a new fighter jet equipped with a still experimental G-Reaction engine.
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Renowned scientist Dronov works in Novosibirsk on the creation of an advanced reaction engine. He has a heart disease and fears being unable to complete his job. Unfortunately, the prototype engine repeatedly fails to pass the test at a Moscow factory. Dronov abandons the rest of his work, including the leadership of the Institute which is entrusted to his disciple Morozov.
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2, 2010), Spaceflight Now, "Investigators probing what went wrong with AEHF 1" (accessed Dec. 14, 2011) and it was declared inoperable. To solve the problem, the perigee altitude was raised to 4700 km (2900 miles) using twelve firings of the smaller Reaction Engine Assembly thrusters, originally intended for attitude control during LAE maneuvers.Ray, Justin (October 9, 2011), Spaceflight Now, "Air Force satellite's epic ascent should finish soon" (accessed Dec.
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Members of the Group for the Study of Reactive Motion. 1931. Left to right: standing I.P. Fortikov, Yu A Pobedonostsev, Zabotin; sitting: A. Levitsky, Nadezhda Sumarokova, Sergei Korolev, Boris Cheranovsky, Friedrich Zander The Moscow-based Group for the Study of Reactive Motion was a Soviet research bureau founded in 1931 to study various aspects of rocketry (, abbreviated , GIRD). In 1933 it was incorporated into the Reaction-Engine Scientific Research Institute (, , РНИИ, RNII).
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It was designed to mimic the flight characteristics of the lunar module (LEM), which had to rely on a reaction engine to land on the Moon. The idea of using the same engine for vertical and horizontal flight by altering the path of the thrust was conceived by Michel Wibault. It led to the Bristol Siddeley Pegasus engine which used four rotating nozzles to direct thrust over a range of angles."Airfoil". Basics of Aeronautics.
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Luigi Gussalli (1885–1950), engineer and inventor, was a pioneer of motor cars. He turned to astronautics in the 1920s, corresponding with world leaders in this field, such as Oberth and Goddard and exchanging with them theories on interplanetary flight and its prospects. He developed a special double- reaction engine, wrote extensively on multi-stage rockets and published two books on space travel. The first one, in 1923, described a space flight to the Moon, the second one, written in 1946, is even more astonishing in its theme: “Interplanetary travels by means of solar radiations”.
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Alexandru Ciurcu Engraving showing the second experimental vessel of Ciurcu Alexandru Ciurcu (29 January 1854, Şercaia –22 January 1922, Bucharest) was a Romanian inventor and publisher, known for his invention with the French journalist of a reaction engine. It used rocket propulsion and was briefly used to power a boat, demonstrated on 13 August 1886. The two men envisioned that such motors would later be used for air travel. The explosion of 16 December On 16 December 1886, during a test with a new second engine for the boat at Asnières, the engine exploded.
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As a propulsion system Gussalli suggested his 'double-reaction engine', consisting in a jet engine equipped with a sort of 'afterburner', i.e. exhaust fumes were diverted by the blades of a turbine powered by another engine, so as to boost its power. The second turbine, according to further research by Gussalli, was to be fuelled electrically, and the electrical power was to be transmitted to the capsule wirelessly from Earth, in order to reduce the paying load of the rocket. This last suggestion is a startling premonition of what is now called 'direct energy transmission', a possibility explored with the aim of realizing 'climbers' on space elevators.
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A jet engine is a reaction engine which uses ambient air as the working fluid, and converts it to a hot, high-pressure gas which is expanded through one or more nozzles. Two types of jet engine, the turbojet and turbofan, employ axial-flow or centrifugal compressors to raise the pressure before combustion, and turbines to drive the compression. Ramjets operate only at high flight speeds because they omit the compressors and turbines, depending instead on the dynamic pressure generated by the high speed (known as ram compression). Pulse jets also omit the compressors and turbines, but can generate static thrust and have limited maximum speed.
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U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagles Simulation of a low-bypass turbofan's airflow Jet engine airflow during take-off (Germanwings Airbus A319) A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include rocket, water jet, and hybrid propulsion, the term typically refers to an airbreathing jet engine such as a turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, or pulse jet. In general, jet engines are internal combustion engines. Airbreathing jet engines typically feature a rotating air compressor powered by a turbine, with the leftover power providing thrust through the propelling nozzle—this process is known as the Brayton thermodynamic cycle.
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While traveling to Mars, the cruise stage was three-axis stabilized with four hydrazine monopropellant reaction engine modules, each including a 22-newton trajectory correction maneuver thruster for propulsion and a 4-newton reaction control system thruster for attitude control (orientation). Orientation of the spacecraft was performed using redundant Sun sensors, star trackers, and inertial measurement units. During descent, the lander used three clusters of pulse modulated engines, each containing four 266-newton hydrazine monopropellant thrusters. Altitude during landing was measured by a doppler radar system, and an attitude and articulation control subsystem (AACS) controlled the attitude to ensure the spacecraft landed at the optimal azimuth to maximize solar collection and telecommunication with the lander.
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The satellite vehicle's Liquid Apogee Engine (LAE) provided by IHI failed to raise the orbit after two attempts. To solve the problem, the perigee altitude was raised to 4700 km with twelve firings of the smaller Aerojet Rocketdyne-provided Reaction Engine Assembly thrusters, originally intended for attitude control during the LAE engine burns. From this altitude, the solar arrays were deployed and the orbit was raised toward the operational orbit over the course of nine months using the 0.27 Newton Hall thrusters, also provided by Aerojet Rocketdyne, a form of electric propulsion which is highly efficient, but low thrust. This took much longer than initially intended due to the lower starting altitude for the HCT maneuvers.
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Otto Mader, head of the Junkers Motorenwerke (Jumo) division of the large Junkers aviation firm, stated that even if the concept was useful, he had no one to work on it. Schelp responded by stating that Dr Anselm Franz, then in charge of Junkers' turbo- and supercharger development, would be perfect for the job. Franz started his development team later that year, and the project was given the RLM designation 109-004 (the 109- prefix, assigned by the RLM was common to all reaction engine projects in WW II Germany, and was also used for German WW II rocket engine designs for manned aircraft). Franz opted for a design that was at once conservative and revolutionary.
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BM-13N Katyusha on a Lend-Lease Studebaker US6 2½-ton 6x6 truck, at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow (2006) BM-31-12 on ZIS-12 at the Museum (Diorama) on Sapun Mountain, Sevastopol Postwar Katyusha on a ZIL-157 truck Reloading a BM-13 An M13 rocket for the Katyusha launcher on display in Musée de l'Armée. In June 1938, the Soviet Reaction-Engine Scientific Research Institute (RNII) in Moscow was authorized by the Main Artillery Directorate (GAU) to develop a multiple rocket launcher for the RS-132 aircraft rocket (RS for , 'rocket-powered shell'). I. Gvay led a design team in Chelyabinsk, Russia, which built several prototype launchers firing the modified 132 mm M-132 rockets over the sides of ZiS-5 trucks. These proved unstable, and V.N. Galkovskiy proposed mounting the launch rails longitudinally. In August 1939, the result was the BM-13 (BM stands for боевая машина (translit.
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RBU-6000 system A RBU-6000 rocket launcher aboard a Udaloy class destroyer Polish corvette Kaszub firing a RBU-6000 rocket depth charge Indian frigate Trikand, completed in 2013, with its RBU-6000 launcher and BrahMos VLS, visiting Portsmouth, UK, on its delivery voyage from St Petersburg. Indian Navy frigate INS Tabar firing an RBU rocket. The RBU-6000 Smerch-2 (Реактивно- Бомбовая Установка, Reaktivno-Bombovaja Ustanovka; reaction engine-bomb installation & Смерч; waterspout) is a 213 mm caliber Soviet anti-submarine rocket launcher. It is similar in principle to the Royal Navy Hedgehog system used during the Second World War. The system entered service in 1960-61 and is fitted to a wide range of Russian surface vessels. It consists of a horseshoe shaped arrangement of twelve launch barrels, that are remotely directed by the Burya fire control system (that can also control the shorter ranged RBU-1000). It fires RGB-60 unguided depth charges. The rockets are normally fired in salvos of 1, 2, 4, 8 or 12 rounds.
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