Its rival Target Corp also raised floor wages to $10 an hour.
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Supporters of the U.B.I. frequently counter that the raised floor will lift other things.
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By isolating the tub in the middle of the room, you will need to conceal that slope either in the space between the joists or in a raised floor.
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Some of the raised- floor buildings of this sub-period were quite tall and large. For example, the largest raised floor building was square in shape (12.5 X 12.5 m) with post- moulds that were 40-50 cm in diameter (SPBE 2000). Raised-floor buildings are known from large Jōmon period sites in Japan such as Sannai-Maruyama site.
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The two large raised-floor buildings separate the megalithic cemetery from the residential area at Igeum-dong. The residential area is composed of pit-houses in the Late Middle Mumun style, otherwise known as Songguk-ri-style. Additionally, raised-floor buildings of varying sizes and plans are found in this area. The largest pit-houses and raised-floor buildings are located closest to Nos.
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Perforated cooling floor tile The installation of a raised floor system can change the thermal behavior of the building by reducing the interaction between the heat gains and the thermally massive concrete slab. The raised floor serves as a separation between the room and the slab. Energy simulations of an office building located in San Francisco showed that the mere presence of the raised floor affects the zone cooling load profile and tends to increase the peak cooling load. When carpeting is present the negative impact of the raised floor on zone peak cooling load may be reduced.
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Williams Arena has a raised floor which was hard on his knees, and ordinarily the team sits off the floor.
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In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium-high partition (five feet) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. 3\.
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In turn, the computing equipment is often designed to draw cooling air from below and exhaust into the room. An air conditioning unit then draws air from the room, cools it, and forces it beneath the raised floor, completing the cycle. Above describes what has historically been perceived as raised floor and still serves the purpose for which it was originally designed. Decades later, an alternative approach to raised floor evolved to manage underfloor cable distribution for a wider range of applications where underfloor air distribution is not utilized.
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This was called a tribuna in Latin, and tribune is used for an area of raised floor backing onto a wall, often in an exedra.
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Beneath a raised floor Structural problems, such as rocking panels and gaps between panels, can cause significant damage to equipment and injury to personnel. Regular inspections for the structural integrity of a raised floor system can help to identify and mitigate problems. Equipment and floor damage can happen when using flooring that does not meet load demands. Load ratings range from 1,000 pounds to 25,000 pounds.
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It would appear that this feature was adapted from private houses. The raised floor and heating system later became a characteristic structure of the Korean house.
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Schematic flow diagram of calculation procedure showing transformation from cooling load calculated for an overhead mixing system into a UFAD cooling load, and then divided between the supply plenum, zone (room), and return plenum. Cooling load profiles for UFAD systems and overhead systems are different, mainly due to the thermal storage effect of the lighter-weight raised floor panels compared to the heavier mass of a structural floor slab. The mere presence of the raised floor reduces the ability of the slab to store heat, thereby producing for the system with a raised floor higher peak cooling loads compared to the system without a raised floor. In the OH system, particularly in perimeter zones, part of the incoming solar heat gain is stored in the floor slab during the day, thus reducing peak zone cooling loads, and released at night when the system is off.
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PCL Construction began work on , replacing the original playing surface from 1928 with a new floor along with new basketball goals. This was the first major upgrade to the facility since a renovation occurred in the early 1990s. Memorial Gymnasium at Vanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt University Admissions: Self-Guided Tours and Hinkle Fieldhouse at Butler University are two other existing arenas with a raised floor. Robertson Memorial Field House at Bradley University, since demolished, also used a raised floor.
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Above the ceiling coconuts and other agricultural products were usually kept. This is called "Thattinpuram"; means top of ceiling. The roof is above this space. Below the raised floor is the Nilavara.
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Another approach involves the use of central vacuum systems beneath micro perforated raised floor tiles to allow a small negative pressure to be pulled so that all dust and dirt are automatically collected.
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Based on these large dimensions, the excavators have illustrated Nos. 60 and 61 as being built up high, not unlike the reconstructions of raised- floor buildings at the Yayoi period Yoshinogari site in Saga, Kyūshū, Japan. Pottery was excavated in and around the two large raised-floor buildings at Igeum-dong, indicating that they were likely used for feasts and meetings. Alternatively, the buildings could also be the dwellings of Igeum-dong's chief and/or members of the local elite group.
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Higher panels can be used on heavier areas of a floor whereas lower panels can be used on lighter areas. Many such problems can be attributed to sub-par installation. During installation, attention should be paid to the condition of the subfloor, which should be clean of debris and should be as level as possible. The walls surrounding the raised floor should be as square as possible to minimize the need for cutting raised floor panels and to minimize rocking panels and gaps.
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The font is octagonal and dates from the 14th century. Also dating from the 14th century are two memorials in the south wall that are partly hidden by the wall and the raised floor.
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In the variants with floor height, the floor is flat from the first door to the last. The endsections have a raised floor in all variants, because the traction equipment installed underneath requires more space than unpowered bogies.
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Thomas Brown (2006) Celtic Roots, Trafford Publishing The northern granary at Vercovicium, looking east. The pillars supported a raised floor to keep food dry and free from vermin. They are not part of a hypocaust.James Crow (2004), Housesteads.
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Two 1401 systems have been restored to operating order at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, complete with a raised floor typical of the mainframe era (and modern data centers), used to hide cabling and distribute cooled air.
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GARI (Gyeongnam Archaeological Research Institute) 2003 Sacheon Igeum-dong Yujeok [The Igeum- dong Site, Sacheon]. GARI, Jinju. Test excavations were conducted in 1997, and wide-scope horizontal excavations took place in 1998 and 1999. The site contains a megalithic cemetery with 63 burials, some of them with artifacts of high-status, 25 raised-floor buildings, including the two largest raised-floor buildings in Korean prehistory, 5 ditches, 1 palisade, and 27 pit-houses. The intra-site patterns show that the site is divided up into at least three ‘zones’: 1) mortuary, (2) feasting-meeting, and (3) residential.
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Also manufactured were articulated vehicles of the type C 744 (intercity) and B 741 (city). In the early 90s, a coach with a raised floor was developed that was marked as Karosa LC 737 (as well as HD 11) and LC 757 (HD 12).
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These double-articulated trams were ordered from Cityway Fiat Railway in 1998 to mark the opening of line 8. 28 trams were ordered. 70% of its length is low-floor; raised floor sections are located at the ends. The entire train measures 31 meters.
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In the late 1990s Dermot Sweeny noticed that his wife suffered from respiratory problems in her work office, but was fine at home. This piqued Sweeny's curiosity which led to the firm's research towards indoor air quality to have a deep understanding on the effects of mechanical and air systems. Through this research and with the guidance from mechanical engineers and manufacturers, they were able to design a new raised floor system which has now become one of the firm's trademark. This new raised floor system along with other sustainable features became part of the base building design for the Canadian Headquarters of Microsoft, Loblaw Company Ltd.
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Williams Arena features an unusual raised floor design. The court surface is raised above the ground approximately two feet so that players' benches, officials tables, etc., are actually below the court. The same goes for fans with the first row looking at players at about knee-level.
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The personages represented by the high-status burials at Igeum-dong may have been the masters of the large raised-floor buildings and they became prominent by being highly involved in economic trade between south-coastal Korea, the interior of South Gyeongsang Province, and northern Kyushu in Japan.
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60 and 61, and successively smaller pit-houses are found the further one is from the two largest raised- floor buildings. Igeum-dong is unique among Mumun pottery period sites in that 1) bronze objects come from the megalithic cemetery, (2) there are two large raised-floor buildings, and (3) a highly organized intra-site settlement plan. Some archaeologists propose that Igeum-dong was the central settlement of a small chiefdom. Other bronze artifact-bearing major Late Middle Mumun cemeteries such as Deokcheon-ri (Korean: 덕천리), Jeongyang-ri (적량리), Jindong-ri (진동리), and Yulha-ri (율하리) are found at a number of locations in a similar environmental location not far from the sea.
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Ciudadelas frequently have U-shaped rooms that consist of three walls, a raised floor, and frequently, a courtyard,Topic, J. R. (2003). From stewards to bureaucrats: architecture and information flow at Chan Chan, Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 14, 243-274. and there were often as many as 15 in one palace.
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Large farmhouses sometimes had a raised, timber-floored internal veranda () that separated the doma and the tatami areas. In older houses, like the 17th century Yoshimura house, this separating zone was up to 2.5 m wide and servants apparently slept there. The raised floor often included a built-in hearth, called an .
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One characteristic of a Japanese home is the genkan, or entryway. It includes a small area, at the same level as the outside, where arriving people remove their shoes. As they take off their shoes, people step up onto a raised floor. They point the tips of their shoes to the outside.
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Because the flooring tiles are rarely removed once equipment has been installed, the space below them is seldom cleaned, and fluff and other debris settles, making working on cabling underneath the flooring a dirty job. Smoke detectors under the raised floor can be triggered by workers disturbing the dust, resulting in false alarms.
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In 2009 a separate category of raised floor was established by Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and Construction Specifications Canada (CSC) to separate the similar, but very different, approaches to raised flooring. In this case the term raised floor includes low-profile fixed height access flooring. Offices, classrooms, conference rooms, retail spaces, museums, studios, and more, have the primary need to quickly and easily accommodate changes of technology and floor plan configurations. Underfloor air distribution is not included in this approach since a plenum chamber is not created. The low-profile fixed height distinction reflects the system’s height ranges from as low as 1.6 inches (40 mm) to 2.75 inches (70 mm); and the floor panels are manufactured with integral support (not traditional pedestals & panels).
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The first - LC 937 (GT 11), which other cars too unlike the 900 series, was produced from 1994 to 1996. Coach LC 957 (HD 12) with a raised floor was a successor to the LC 757 and its production lasted from 1997 to 1999. A total of 13,071 units of buses series 900 were made.
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TransMilenio consists of several interconnected BRT lines, with raised floor stations in the center of a main avenue, or "troncal". Passengers typically reach the stations via a bridge over the street. Usually four lanes down the center of the street are dedicated to bus traffic. The outer lanes allow express buses to bypass buses stopped at a station.
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FPCP, Gyeongju, 2000. The site at Locality 2 consists of the remains of 39 raised-floor buildings enclosed by a formidable ditch-and-palisade system. The excavators hypothesize that the fortified site was a permanent military encampment or barracks. Archaeologists also uncovered a large Silla village dating to the sixth to seventh centuries AD at Siji-dong.
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The cemetery lies beside two long raised-floor buildings, Nos. 60 and 61. These buildings were placed on a series of large wooden footings, the largest of which approached 2 m in diameter. Building 60 was 29 m in length and 174 m² in area, and No. 61 was 26 m in length in 130 m² in area.
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Shizuoka City Toro Museum The total area of the Toro site is . Twelve pit-houses were excavated but as the archaeologists were not able to establish the boundaries of the original Yayoi settlement, the true size of the village is unknown and may have been much larger. In addition to the houses, two raised-floor buildings were found. Archaeologists interpret these as storehouses.
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The site also did not contain the remains of any pit dwellings, although post holes indicated that raised floor buildings may have been constructed on this site due to the marshy nature of the area. The site is approximately 13 minutes on foot from JR Iida Line Shimoji Station and is now an archaeological park with faux reproductions of Yayoi period buildings.
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Located on about five acres in Scottsdale, the Henkel Headquarters is a 348,000-square-foot, four-story structure. The “Cafetorium” serves as a meeting point for employees. The building also features a rooftop building. The building was awarded a LEED Silver rating because of its use of thermal and shading technologies, raised floor systems, and indirect lighting in office areas.
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Created in 1996, this installation piece is composed of glass, an aluminum-raised floor structure and computer-controlled LED and sound system. It is a fully functioning disco dance floor with synchronized music. It creates an atmosphere for social interaction where the viewers complete the piece. Uklański stated that he wanted to create a work whose goal was to give the viewer pleasure.
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In the open plan office space that was implemented in occupied space from 2nd to 21st floors to enhance daylighting and outdoor views, the system provides flexibility to place the required equipment anywhere on the raised integrated service plenum. When departments or occupants needed to be reconfigured, the raised floor also enables maintenance to carry out changes at relatively lower expense.
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Very common in some regions, particularly in single-story commercial buildings. Also called a rooftop unit (RTU) : An enclosed space inside a building or other structure, used for airflow. Often refers to the space between a dropped ceiling and the structural ceiling, or a raised floor and the hard floor. Distinct from ductwork as a plenum is part of the structure itself.
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In addition to dedicated telephone and computer equipment rooms on each floor, there is a raised floor computer room with isolated Liebert units for controlled temperature and climatic conditions on the third floor. The building has five traction elevators serving all floors, as well as an additional hydraulic elevator that provides service between the basement parking area and the first floor.
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The Latin name for lead is plumbum thus plumbing. Romans also made use of glass in construction with colored glass in mosaics and clear glass for windows. Glass came to be fairly commonly used in windows of public buildings."The History of Building" Central heating in the form of a hypocaust, a raised floor heated by the exhaust of a wood or coal fire.
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The site at Locality 2 consists of the remains of 39 raised-floor buildings enclosed by a formidable ditch-and-palisade system. The excavators hypothesize that the fortified site was a permanent military encampment or barracks. Archaeologists also uncovered a large Shilla village dating to the 6th to 7th centuries at Siji-dong (YUM 1999b). The city was given its current name in 757.
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Fabric made of more than 50% recycled material is also available, allowing it to be certified as green product. The material can also be fire retardant, which means that the fabric can still burn, but will extinguish when the heat source is removed. Fabric ducts are not rated for use in ceilings or concealed attic spaces. However, products for use in raised floor applications are available.
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The church has seven double hing windows (two in front, three on one side and two on the other). On the interior, there is a vestibule near the entrance and a main auditorium with plaster walls and wooden flooring. The auditorium has two rows of pews, with additional hinged seating built into the side walls. In front is a pulpit in a raised floor.
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Heat transfer pathways in UFAD system. Plenum supply air temperature rise is the increase of the conditioned air due to convective heat gain as it travels through the underfloor supply plenum from the plenum inlet to the floor diffusers. This phenomenon is also named thermal decay. Plenum air temperature rise is caused by cool supply air coming into contact with warmer than air concrete slab and raised floor.
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Aerial view of the National Cattle Congress area; McElroy is the oval-shaped building. McElroy Auditorium, also known as the Hippodrome, is a 5,155 permanent seat multipurpose arena located in Waterloo, Iowa. The auditorium was built in 1919 and renovated in 1936, when the roof was raised, floor was excavated and additional seating was added. In 2018, the name of the venue was officially changed back to the Hippodrome.
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Several ornate pillars on the raised floor support the ceiling of the mantapa. The main shrine has a dravida (south Indian) style tower (shikhara), a vestibule (sukanasi) that connects the sanctum to a navaranga (closed hall) which leads to the large pillared mukhamandapa. The temple is enclosed by a cloistered wall (prakara). At the frontal extension of the hall are four full length pillars depicting riders on Yalis ("mythical beasts").
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Its large floor plates range from to . Tenants can customise an entire office plan at very little expense, as there are no obstructing columns on the floor plan. Offices are all designed with the advanced raised floor system through which air-conditioning and an advanced fibre-optic network accessible to all tenants is ducted. It boasts the region's fastest elevators, made by Mitsubishi, maxing out at 9 metres per second.
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Only the western end of the refectory range has been excavated; it presents a vaulted undercroft, three bays of which survive, above which the refectory was located on the first floor. A service passage survives between the kitchen and the refectory. The western part of the undercroft was used as a buttery in the late Middle Ages but would have had severely restricted headroom due to its raised floor.
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The remnants of raw materials such as reed, cow dung, sawdust, and agate are found, giving archaeologists hints of how the kiln was operated. A large mud-brick building faces the factory, and its significance is noted by its plan. Four large rooms and a hall, with an overall measurement of . The hall has a large doorway and a raised floor in the southern corner of the building.
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All seats are located on the raised floor and are equipped with safety belts, while those located on the side of the stairs have additional armrests and handles. Above the seats in the low floor part of the bus there are shelves for luggage on the ceiling. The higher door has wheelchair access. Optionally, in place of the wheelchair bay the space can be transformed for four additional passenger seats.
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Pump house and smoke stack, 2008 2 storey polychrome brick structure with walls up to 1 metre thick. It contains a basement approximately 10 metres deep. Six cast iron columns built to support the first floor remain but all other original features have been replaced or obscured by a raised floor, office partitions and a stairway constructed in the 1950s. The first floor retains sufficient fixtures to demonstrate its previous operations.
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UFAD systems rely on air handling units to filter and condition air to the appropriate supply conditions so it can be delivered to the occupied zone. While overhead systems typically use ducts to distribute the air, UFAD systems use the underfloor plenum formed by installation of a raised floor. The plenum generally sits above the structural concrete slab, although lower heights are possible. Specially designed floor diffusers are used as the supply outlets.
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Current major tenants are the American Medical Association, Langham Chicago managed by Langham Hotels International, WeWork and law firm Latham & Watkins.“IBM Plaza in Chicago”, IBM Archives. IBM.com (Retrieved 2019-01-29.) The former IBM Plaza has several design features that are rare in an office building but understandable given its original owner. The building's electrical system, environmental system, floor strength, and ceiling height (on certain floors) can support large raised floor computing centers.
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It opened on December 10 and the first event took place on December 17, a fancy dress carnival. The rink was like other ice hockey rinks at the time, a large unheated building with a concrete floor, which was flooded with water in wintertime to create a natural ice rink. At the time of construction, the seating area was a raised floor surrounding the ice. In the summer, the building was used as an auditorium.
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Huean Kalae is a Kalae house built in 1917 and owned by Oui Paad Phothitha of Tambon Paphlu, Chom Thong District, Chiang Mai Province. This small Kalae house has a raised floor made of hardwood. The roof is covered with wooden tiles. The house has three compartments: the largest one on the east is the sleeping area, the smaller one on the west is the kitchen, and the smallest one in the front is the storage for drinking water.
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The low porch roof extends into the interior, which opens up to a double-height space. Opposite the entry, the south wall houses a semi-circular alcove with a fireplace and a raised floor. A snack bar opens on the west side of the space, and the "rug room," where native crafts were sold, is on the east side with its own fireplace. The interior furnishings throughout were chosen by Colter and are part of the historic designation.
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A sprung floor is also sometimes referred to as a floating floor. That term, though, more often refers to a floor that insulates against noise or a raised floor with ducts and wires underneath, as in computer facilities. The top layer of a sprung floor is a performance surface. This can be either a natural material such as solid wood, engineered wood or rubber, or it can be a synthetic surface such as vinyl, linoleum, or polyurethane.
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The building features an environmentally friendly raised floor underfloor air system. Conditioned air for the occupants is provided by multiple environmental air towers located in the tenant space that deliver air into a raised access floor plenum. This underfloor air system provides users with the ability to control their own space temperature as well as improving the ventilation effectiveness. When building churn occurs, workstation moves can be performed more easily with lower cost and less product waste.
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The main building is a two-story reinforced concrete construction with tile- roofing and a building area of about 800㎡. There is no basement. The construction resembles the raised-floor-style of an ancient log storehouse. It was designed by , architect of the Kabuki-za theater and the Otaru branch of the Bank of Japan, and constructed by the Matsui Group (松井組, now Matsui Construction Co.: 松井建設株式会社).
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Data centers typically contain many racks of thin, horizontally mounted 1U servers. Air is drawn in at the front of the rack and exhausted at the rear. Because data centers typically contain large numbers of computers and other power-dissipating devices, they risk equipment overheating; extensive HVAC systems are used to prevent this. Often a raised floor is used so the area under the floor may be used as a large plenum for cooled air and power cabling.
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Rear view, 2009 The Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd is a single-storey, timber church set on wooden stumps, sited on a rise to the northern side of Brookfield Road. It comprises a four-bay nave, a chancel and a north vestry and west porch. There is a separate sanctuary with an independent roof and raised floor. The church measures twelve metres by six metres, excluding the vestry and porch, and has a seating capacity of approximately eighty.
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It also had of "raised floor" data center space, originally designed for large-scale water-cooled mainframe operations. It is an "off the grid" facility, with its power plant taking advantage of jet turbine technology to generate power for the entire site. In 2006, this power plant was replaced with a larger one as power demands increased. IBM Southbury was originally designed to be one of IBM's new corporate headquarters buildings, as IBM's "North Castle" facility in Armonk became outdated.
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According to art historian George Michel, the general plan of the temple resembles that of the Someshvara temple in Bangalore, except, this temple is more rich in finish and detail.Michell (1995), p69 The temple is noted for its tall superstructure (gopuram) over the main entrance (mahadwara). The superstructure is built of brick and stucco. Though both temples have a large open pillared mukhamantapa (hall) leading to the sanctum (garbhagriha), in Kolar the open mantapa has a central hall surrounded by a raised floor.
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In the 16th century the dining hall was heated by an open fire in the centre of the room, supplemented by movable braziers. In the 1680s the hall was renovated, with a raised floor to accommodate a wine cellar below and a reconstructed roof. Another renovation phase in the mid-18th century included a new chimneypiece, a new ceiling to cover the original timber beams and two gilded chandeliers. The original brazen nose was placed above high table in 1890.
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Access to the raised floor level is via a staircase located at the rear of the building. This floor features an enclosed verandah on its eastern side that wraps around the north-east and south-east corners. The main elevation is unenclosed at ground level with a garden laid out in front of the line of timber stumps. The enclosed first floor verandah is clad in flat sheeting to sill height with a continuous bank of glass- louvered windows above.
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Communication platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Skype, or other types of media have become an extremely important means of communication. Although there are other methods of communications that aren't just related to social media, people can also be hugely influenced by their peers, this process is known as social mediation. Marketing Communication Platforms are a powerful capability for personalizing and expending marketing contents in an automated fashion based on the profile of the recipients. A platform by simplest definition is a raised floor or stage.
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A large outer ditch was built around the edges of the low hill, completely surrounding the settlement and cemetery areas. Inside of the outer ditch, smaller ditch- enclosed precincts were built that surrounded groups of pit-houses and raised- floor buildings. The ditches of the inner precincts of the Late Yayoi were undoubtedly meant for defence based on the evidence of post-moulds indicating palisades on the inside of the ditches. Indeed, the so-called "Northern Inner Enclosure" was surrounded by double ditches (SPBE 2000).
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Toro is notable as the first archaeological site excavated in Japan in which remains of 1st-century CE Yayoi-era wet-rice paddy fields were found. The site was discovered in 1943 during construction work on a military munitions plant in World War II, and was excavated in 1947 and 1948. In 1965 an excavation survey was conducted before the construction of Tōmei Expressway within the planned route. As well as the agricultural remains, archaeological findings included Pit-house dwellings, refuse pits, and raised-floor buildings.
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Internally the building has concrete floors, painted brick walls and steel beams to the roof, with metal covers to the panels of louvres and pink glass inserts to the centre of the sash windows. The east end of the space has a raised floor accessed via a steep metal stair with a more recent steel pipe railing. The original arrangement of equipment is evident. Floor ducting for the power supply is located in the west end of the space but has been filled in.
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There is a tower rising over the sanctuary, above which rises the octagon-to-dome roof, exactly like that of upper Shivalaya, but without amalaka finial. The mandapa interior has a central east-west aisle, defined by raised floor strips linking the free-standing and engaged columns. Two additional columns define a small bay in front of the sanctuary doorway. Transverse beams carried on open-mouthed makara brackets carry the raised and horizontal roof slabs, with vishnu on flying Garuda carved onto the central bay.
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The simple wood frame building measures 19 by 26 feet, with wooden steps leading up to a raised floor with a balustraded verandah that wraps around the sanctuary. Long eaves of the irimoya (hip-and- gable) roof extend over both the front steps and the verandah. The sanctuary is enclosed by sliding doors with latticework tops and contains an inner altar behind a bell rope and a box for offerings. The building has been carefully restored but still lacks the chigi (forked finials) above the ornamental ridgepole.
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Conditioned air for the occupants is provided by raised floor custom air handling units located in the tenant space that delivers 62 degree air into a raised access floor plenum. This underfloor air system provides users with the ability to control their own space temperature as well as improving the ventilation effectiveness. When building churn occurs, workstation moves can be performed easier with lower cost and less product waste. Perot Museum of Nature and Science: Thom Mayne- designed museum dedicated to science, nature and the environment.
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Old Houses along the Parade Ground at Fort Stotsenburg, PI.Although some were built as early as 1903, all the houses along Wirt Davis Avenue, originally called Officers' Row, were completed by 1904. The original cost per house was $1,309.90. The distinctive construction allowed cooling breezes to pass under the raised floor and through the wide, screened verandas, while the steep, metal roofs dissipated trapped heat and allowed a rapid run-off of the heavy rains. All flooring was made from Oregon pine, imported to the Philippines.
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At various times, Crown would market Wayne, Blue Bird, and Thomas Built Buses in California. Sharing much of its underlying structure with the Crown school bus, the intercity Crown Supercoach was marketed with several configurations. Along with an underfloor configuration, Crown also produced a rear-engine version, as well as a raised- floor configuration (along with a version similar to the Scenicruiser); the latter two provided for increased luggage space. To supplement its motorcoach offerings, in 1969, Crown became one of the first distributors of Quebec-built Prevost motorcoaches in the United States.
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Large wooden raised-floor granaries appeared at the end of this sub-period in the middle and southern ends of the site (SPBE 2000). An area of the Middle Yayoi settlement seems to have been dedicated to the casting of bronze implements due to the number of moulds which were found. In the same area, pottery that was common in the Chinese continent and Korean peninsula during the same period was excavated there as well. This has led some Japanese archaeologists to propose that Middle Yayoi interaction with the China was related to bronze- casting.
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The IBM 360 computer was for scientific/business applications so the IRD engineers first had to convert the 360 into a "process control computer" and then develop software and hardware around it. Due to the limited RAM, the software was developed in 360 Assembler Language. This conversion enabled the 360 computer to monitor and control the entire production process the IRD engineers designed and built. The engineering design/build effort was carried out in a raised floor secured area of IBM IRD in Dayton, N.J. which was built specifically for the project.
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It comprised eleven classrooms; a head teacher, male and female teachers rooms; cloakrooms and play area facilities underneath at the basement level. Conforming to sectional design, covered verandahs were incorporated on both the ground and first floor, along all but the southern side of the building. Ten of the classrooms, five on each floor, were interconnected by the use of sliding partitions. A stage was created by the incorporation of a raised floor beneath the western class room on the ground floor, providing multi functional use of class room space.
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A more commonly used method when extended heat is not a concern is to use an autoclave or pressure cooker. When sterilizing in this way, samples are placed into a steam chamber on a shelf or raised floor, and the chamber is closed and heated so that steam forces air out of the vents or exhausts. Pressure is then applied so that the interior temperature reaches , and this temperature is maintained for between 15 and 30 minutes. This elevated temperature and pressure is sufficient to sterilize samples of any commonly encountered microbes or spores.
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The final Jōmon period ruins consist of raised floor buildings arranged unevenly around a roughly square plaza measuring 45 meters east-west by 60 meters north-south. One of the buildings was a rectangular structure with gigantic columns with a diameter of 90-cm, which is presumed to have been used for some ritual purpose. Earthenware and stoneware were excavated in large quantities, and many religious relics such as clay figurines. The site is open to the public as an archaeological park with several reconstructed buildings and a museum.
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Within the moat were 45 raised-floor dwellings, rectangular, measuring four to five meters on each side, with a hearth in the center and a drain groove. Some 32 pit dwellings have also been identified. The settlement also encompassed two rectangular tumuli, and a short distance away, a keyhole-shaped kofun, with a 60 meter diameter round portion, orientated to the north. Some artifacts uncovered at the site are on display at the Yayoi Hill Museum at site, and some faux representations of pit houses have been built.
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The site is located on a river terrace of the Hashiki River, near the centre of the present city of Hakui. It covers a large (20 hectare) area, and contains settlement remains from the early, middle and later Yayoi period, indicating a continuous settlement for over 2000 years. Excavation surveys indicate that the village survived in some form into the Heian period. The foundations of raised-floor buildings, warehouse, small and large tombs, wells and other structures have been discovered, but there is no indication of pit dwellings.
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This style is characterized by an extreme simplicity. Its basic features can be seen in Japanese architecture from the Kofun period (250–538 C.E.) onwards and it is considered the pinnacle of Japanese traditional architecture.History and Typology of Shrine Architecture, Encyclopedia of Shinto accessed on November 29, 2009 It is most common in Mie prefecture. Built in planed, unfinished wood, the honden is either 3x2 ken or 1x1ken in size, has a raised floor, a gabled roofA gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall enclosed between the edges of a sloping roof.
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The main food of the Yangshao people was millet, with some sites using foxtail millet and others proso millet, though some evidence of rice has been found. The exact nature of Yangshao agriculture, small-scale slash-and-burn cultivation versus intensive agriculture in permanent fields, is currently a matter of debate. Once the soil was exhausted, residents picked up their belongings, moved to new lands, and constructed new villages. However, Middle Yangshao settlements such as Jiangzhi contain raised-floor buildings that may have been used for the storage of surplus grains.
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The grant initially larger, was reduced from its initial award due to the economic downturn of 2008. The observatory was found to still house the original telescope and the Newtonian reflector, but many starlings over the years had nested in the observatory and many bird droppings coated the mirrors of both instruments. The observatory had to be fixed up and the older instruments removed. Parts of the original scaffolding used to climb up and view through the old Newtonian were used as a part of a raised floor.
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The Ford Amateur Astronomy Club (located in Dearborn Michigan) helped lead the way with their Astronomical expertise. Joseph Griggs construction company, led by Lions Club member J. R. Griggs helped much in building restoration and construction of a new raised floor, wiring, cleanup and painting. Joseph Griggs was a member of Hector J Robinson's class back in the 1960s and actually worked on the mirror with many other students when the first telescope was being built. So old students were returning and volunteering to help restore the new observatory.
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An inverse of this would be a raised floor. A concave or barrel-shaped ceiling is curved or rounded upward, usually for visual or acoustical value, while a coffered ceiling is divided into a grid of recessed square or octagonal panels, also called a "lacunar ceiling". A cove ceiling uses a curved plaster transition between wall and ceiling; it is named for cove molding, a molding with a concave curve. A stretched ceiling (or stretch ceiling) uses a number of individual panels using material such as PVC fixed to a perimeter rail.
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Additional structural support and lighting are often provided when a floor is raised enough for a person to crawl or even walk beneath. In the U.S., underfloor air distribution is becoming a more common way to cool a building by using the void below the raised floor as a plenum chamber to distribute conditioned air, which has been done in Europe since the 1970s. In data centers, isolated air-conditioning zones are often associated with raised floors. Perforated tiles are traditionally placed beneath computer systems to direct conditioned air directly to them.
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Raised floors and other metal structures such as cable trays and ventilation ducts have caused many problems with zinc whiskers in the past, and likely are still present in many data centers. This happens when microscopic metallic filaments form on metals such as zinc or tin that protect many metal structures and electronic components from corrosion. Maintenance on a raised floor or installing of cable etc. can dislodge the whiskers, which enter the airflow and may short circuit server components or power supplies, sometimes through a high current metal vapor plasma arc.
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Han dynasty granary on Silk Road west of Dunhuang Meiji period granary, Setagaya, Tokyo Simple storage granaries raised up on four or more posts appeared in the Yangshao culture in China and after the onset of intensive agriculture in the Korean peninsula during the Mumun pottery period (c. 1000 B.C.) as well as in the Japanese archipelago during the Final Jōmon/Early Yayoi periods (c. 800 B.C.). In the archaeological vernacular of Northeast Asia, these features are lumped with those that may have also functioned as residences and together are called 'raised floor buildings'.
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Demolition of the Field House, April 2008 Robertson Memorial Field House was a multi-purpose arena on the Bradley University campus in Peoria, Illinois. The arena, built inside two surplus World War II airplane hangars in 1949 for $400,000 ($ in present terms), had a 3-foot (1 meter) raised floor as its sports court and event stage. The Field House was dedicated on December 17, 1949, and named in honor of Alfred J. Robertson, usually known as "Robbie" or "A.J.", who served as Bradley's coach and athletic director for 28 years.
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Thermal stratification is one of the featured characteristics of UFAD systems, which allows higher thermostat setpoints compared to the traditional overhead systems (OH). UFAD cooling load profile is different from a traditional OH system due to the impact of raised floor, particularly UFAD may have a higher peak cooling load than that of OH systems. This is because heat is gained from building penetrations and gaps within the structure itself. UFAD has several potential advantages over traditional overhead systems, including layout flexibility, improved thermal comfort and ventilation efficiency, reduced energy use in suitable climates and life-cycle costs.
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The pulpit was much higher than it appears today; it was lowered in 1885 while the floor was raised by two feet. As a consequence, the internal columns bases are not visible as they are covered by the raised floor. The Reverend Peter Mackenzie (1824–1895) The Reverend Peter Mackenzie was employed as preacher and he drew a large following; he had a personal relationship with many Methodists, whilst his sermons were filled with "grotesque descriptions and extremely funny stories". Mackenzie arrived from Burnley, Lancashire, and lived at Coleford with his wife and two children using a donkey to travel around the circuit.
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The computer room itself is on a raised floor. It has a 735-ton chiller and cooling towers for “free-air” cooling. A significant research area that will be addressed using the SciNet machines is that of climate change and global warming, which is why creating one of the greenest datacenters in the world was of key importance in this project. A traditional datacenter generally uses 33% of the energy going into its centre for cooling and other non-computing power consumption; however, SciNet and IBM have successfully created a centre that uses less than 20% towards these areas.
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These use a modular, raised floor based around a structural "floor tile" usually 600 mm square and supported at the corners by pedestals. The void created gave easy access and routing for the mass of power, networking and other interconnecting cables associated with larger computer systems - processors, drives, routers etc. mainframe computers also generated large amounts of heat so a void under the floor could also used as a plenum to distribute and diffuse chilled air around the computer room. The void therefore was likely to have chilled water pipes running through it along with the drains for condensates associated with refrigeration plant.
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Normally, other than the officials and those players actively playing, only head coaches are allowed to be on the court itself. The raised floor is one of only a few remaining examples left and contributes significantly to the historic aura of the 90-year-old arena. This served as the inspiration for the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship to host stadiums for their Final Four as of 2009 to have the floor about off the stadium floor as part of an increased capacity to a minimum of 70,000. The floor in Williams Arena recently underwent a replacement.
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The site is located on a river terrace of the Shinano River and contains the ruins of a large village from the middle of the Jomon period (3,000 years ago). The first survey of the site was conducted by the Nagaoka Municipal Science Museum in 1951, and several excavations have followed at later dates. In addition to various stone tools (including stone axes) and the foundations of pit dwellings and raised floor structures, a typical design of pottery known as the "Fujihashi style" was discovered. Also found within the site was a production area for jadeite stone balls.
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Some of its sustainable features include advanced heating and cooling delivery through raised floor, deep-lake water cooling system, perimeter radiant panels as well as built-in blinds. The design of the building also focused on ensuring the wellness and comfort of its users by offering better access to natural light through the 11-foot floor-to-ceiling glass windows as well as individual workstation and airflow and temperature controls. The TELUS House Toronto have received multiple awards including the DC Award Bronze (2010), Toronto Urban Design Award (2011), OAA Award Design Excellence (2011), BOMA Earth Award Office Building (2012), and more.
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Telcordia NEBS: Raised Floor Generic Requirements for Network and Data Centers, GR-2930 presents generic engineering requirements for raised floors that fall within the strict NEBS guidelines. There are many types of commercially available floors that offer a wide range of structural strength and loading capabilities, depending on component construction and the materials used. The general types of raised floors include stringer, stringerless, and structural platforms, all of which are discussed in detail in GR-2930. This design permits equipment to be fastened directly to the platform without the need for toggle bars or supplemental bracing.
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Isolated raised-floor systems are used to safeguard essential equipment against earthquakes. The technique has been incorporated to protect statues and other works of art—see, for instance, Rodin's Gates of Hell at the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo's Ueno Park. Base isolation demonstration at The Field Museum in Chicago Base isolation units consist of Linear-motion bearings, that allow the building to move, oil dampers that absorb the forces generated by the movement of the building, and laminated rubber bearings that allow the building to return to its original position when the earthquake has ended.
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Shōsō-in The is the treasure house that belongs to Tōdai-ji in Nara, Nara, Japan."Shōsōin" originally stood for the warehouse area that many of the Buddhist temples and governmental sites in the ages of Nara period and Heian period were known to have, and was meaning each independent building located in such an area. However, all but the one in Tōdai-ji were lost over time, thus Shōsōin became a proper noun for the only remaining treasure house building at Tōdai-ji. The building is in the azekura log-cabin style, with a raised floor.
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Underfloor air distribution is frequently used in office buildings, particularly highly-reconfigurable and open plan offices where raised floors are desirable for cable management. UFAD is also common in command centers, IT data centers and Server rooms that have large cooling loads from electronic equipment and requirements for routing power and data cables. The ASHRAE Underfloor Air Distribution Design Guide suggests that any building considering a raised floor for cable distribution should consider UFAD. Specific space considerations should be taken when using UFAD systems in laboratories because of its critical room pressurization requirements and potential migration of chemicals into the access floor plenum due to spillage.
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Consolidation of plumbing, HVAC, and other utility service points within a building has the benefits of reducing the need for long service lines, but also reduces points of entanglement and conflict with other building elements. Similarly, utilizing raised floor or dropped ceiling methods create easier access to mechanical and electrical services, and can reduce the time-needed to remove these components during the process of deconstruction. Some conventional construction methods and materials are difficult or impossible to deconstruct and should be avoided when designing for deconstruction. The use of nails and adhesives significantly slows down the deconstruction process and has a tendency to ruin otherwise reusable materials.
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A ceiling of tongue and groove boards is fixed between the bottom chord of the trusses with a section of double beaded boarding over the entrance to the middle bay. The library walls and ceiling are lined with flat sheeting and the timber floor throughout is lined with carpet. There are two later offices in the library that are not of cultural significance, one in the western corner and one in the eastern corner which has a raised floor level. Bay 2 has unfinished timber floors, unpainted timber wall linings except around the arched door openings, and king post trusses that have a painted finish.
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In the old days this type of bus was offered by many coachbuilders in the Nordic countries, built on front- or mid-engined chassises, but for the last decade or so Volvo has had very little competition, except for a few double-deckers on Scania chassis, bodied by either Helmark Carosseri or Van Hool. However the brucks are not very common anymore, after the mid-engined B12M chassis was taken out of production in 2009. A rear-engine chassis makes worsened weight distribution and raised floor height at the rear, which results in less cargo capacity. Only a handful have been built on B12B and B11R since then.
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Initially 8 blocks of office buildings were built by the developer. These are purpose built for multimedia companies by being provided extra height ceiling and under floor trunking (some with raised floor), fibre optic wiring, dual redundant power supply, uninterruptible power supply and back up generators for whole electricity load, which common practice in Malaysia is only to 30% load. Presently, there are more than 30 completed office buildings in Cyberjaya catering for multi tenants as well as single tenants. The presence of Government agencies will also increase once the Bank Negara Data Centre and Road and Transport Department's IT Centre buildings are completed.
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However, months later Mercedes-Benz announced the end of integral bus production in Brazil. A statement was made in which the company announced it would henceforth focus on the production and development of bus chassis and platforms, and so it occurred. Bus production was relocated in the São Bernardo do Campo plant in 2000, when the Campinas industrial complex was dedicated for activities related to training and overseeing the dealership network in Brazil, parts and accessories distribution and technical assistance. In 2006 DaimlerChrysler do Brasil unveiled two new articulated modular bus chassis – the O 500 MA (raised floor) and the O 500 UA (low-floor).
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Fahr-Becker (2001), p193 Though there were many possible arrangements of the rooms in a home, one of the most common, called , comprised four rooms in the raised floor portion of the house, adjacent to the doma. The arrangement and size of these rooms was made more flexible with the use of sliding fusuma and shōji partitions.Itoh (1979), p27 The social status of the owner of house governed the conventions of their social relationships in the house. For example, the lowliest ranked people would sit on the earth floor whilst those above them would sit on the hiroshiki and those above them on the tatami floored inner rooms.
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An Indian camp with a sleep chickee, cooking chickee, and eating chickee Chikee or Chickee ("house" in the Creek and Mikasuki languages spoken by the Seminoles and Miccosukees) is a shelter supported by posts, with a raised floor, a thatched roof and open sides. Chickees are also known as chickee huts, stilt houses, or platform dwellings. The chickee style of architecture—palmetto thatch over a bald cypress log frame—was adopted by Seminoles during the Second (1835–42) and Third (1855-58) Seminole Wars as U.S. troops pushed them deeper into the Everglades and surrounding territory. Before the Second Seminole War, the Seminoles had lived in log cabins.
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Kamosu Jinja's honden is the oldest shrine style, takes its name from Izumo Taisha and, like Ise Grand Shrine's, has chigi and katsuogi, plus archaic features like gable- end pillars and a single central pillar (shin no mihashira). Because its floor is raised on stilts, it is believed to have its origin in raised-floor granaries similar to those found in Toro, Shizuoka prefecture.JAANUS, Taisha- zukuri, accessed on December 1, 2009 The honden normally has a 2×2 ken footprint (12.46 × 12.46 m in Izumo Taisha's case), with an entrance on the gabled end. The stairs to the honden are covered by a cypress bark roof.
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The old shrines are dismantled and new ones built on an adjacent site to exacting specifications every 20 years at exorbitant expense, so that the buildings will be forever new and forever ancient and original. The present buildings, dating from 2013, are the 62nd iteration to date and are scheduled for rebuilding in 2033. Main shrine building, Naiku The shrine at Naikū is constructed of Japanese cypress. Built on pillars set directly in the ground, the shrine building measures 10.9 by 5.5 meters and includes a raised floor, verandas all the way around the building and a staircase leading to a single central doorway.
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Carlo Cataldo, La conchiglia di S.Giacomo p.201-202, Alcamo, ed. In 1877 inside the Ex Church of Saint James of the Sword they had collected all the books from the convents suppressed by government, and Rocca made himself available for the cataloguing of those books, so originating the Civic Library in Alcamo. In 1881 he was admitted to the Società Siciliana per la Storia Patria and in 1884 he became a municipal councillor: he proposed the realization of a raised floor in the Ex Church of Saint James in order to protect from humidity the books and the notarial deeds he had collected.
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The kagura masks were not to be worn—or even merely placed in front of the performers—at local churches, though the use of all the other implements including the musical instruments was allowed. Local churches' monthly services, performed on the days sanctioned by Church Headquarters, include the seated service—which is performed by six people seated on the raised floor performing the same hand movements as those used in the morning and evening services—followed by the Teodori.Fukaya, Words of the Path. Out of the twelve monthly services of the year, two of them carry particular significance and are referred to as "grand services" (taisai, "grand festival").
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The Queen Richmond Centre West is LEED Gold Certified and has a strong list of sustainable features such as pressurized raised-floor system for improved indoor air quality, operable windows, automated light shelves to control light and heat gain, indirect lighting reducing glare to workstations, and individual temperature and ventilation controls. The combination of innovative design approach and sustainable features allowed the Queen Richmond Centre West to garner various awards including the Canadian Green Building Award (2017), Ontario Builder Award (2017), OAA Award of Excellence (2017), RAIC National Urban Design Award (2016), and the CISC Ontario Steel Design Award Engineering Award of Excellence (2015) amongst many others.
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A suction-cup tile lifter has been used to remove a tile. A raised floor (also raised flooring, access floor(ing), or raised access computer floor) provides an elevated structural floor above a solid substrate (often a concrete slab) to create a hidden void for the passage of mechanical and electrical services. Raised floors are widely used in modern office buildings, and in specialized areas such as command centers, Information technology data centers and computer rooms, where there is a requirement to route mechanical services and cables, wiring, and electrical supply. Such flooring can be installed at varying heights from to heights above to suit services that may be accommodated beneath.
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The Ōsuzukami site is located in the southwestern portion of Iwate Prefecture, on a river terrace with an altitude of 280 meters. It was excavated in the year 2000 in conjunction with the construction of the Isawa Dam, and as a result of the findings, the design of the dam was altered to preserve the site. The excavation revealed a central square with a diameter of approximately 20 meters, surrounded by 62 large raised floor pillar dwellings orientated with their long axis facing towards the center of the square. Outside the large pit dwellings were smaller pit dwellings, and simple pits which were used for storage purposes.
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Izumo Taisha's honden The honden's interior is a square divided into four identical sections, each covered by fifteen tatami (straw mats). The floor plan has therefore the shape of the Chinese character for , an element which suggests a possible connection with harvest propitiation rites. Because its floor is raised above the ground, the honden is believed to have its origin in raised-floor granaries like those found in Toro, Shizuoka prefecture.JAANUS, Taisha-zukuri, accessed on December 1, 2009 The oldest extant example of taisha-zukuri is the honden at Kamosu Shrine in Matsue, Shimane prefecture, built in 1582 and now declared a National Treasure.
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This style is characterized by an extreme simplicity. Its basic features can be seen in Japanese architecture from the Kofun period (250–538 C.E.) onwards and it is considered the pinnacle of Japanese traditional architecture. Built in plane-unfinished wood, the honden is either 3x2 ken or 1x1ken in size, has a raised floor, a gabled roofA gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall enclosed between the edges of a sloping roof. with an entry on one the non-gabled sides (), no upward curve at the eaves, and purely decorative logs called chigi (vertical) and katsuogi (horizontal) protruding from the roof's ridge.
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A dead silence followed, broken > only by the hideous noise of the blood throbbing out of the inert heap > before us, which but a moment before had been a brave and chivalrous man. It > was horrible. The kaishaku made a low bow, wiped his sword with a piece of > rice paper which he had ready for the purpose, and retired from the raised > floor; and the stained dirk was solemnly borne away, a bloody proof of the > execution. The two representatives of the Mikado then left their places, > and, crossing over to where the foreign witnesses sat, called us to witness > that the sentence of death upon Taki Zenzaburo had been faithfully carried > out.
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To prevent water damage, the grandstand has an acrylic floor covering and the field-level suites are equipped with detachable floor boards, food- service tables mounted on casters, and raised floor outlets and electrical switches. The ballpark's design is inspired by Nashville's heritage, as design elements throughout the park incorporate musical and baseball imagery to connect the park with the city's past. Directional signs are accompanied by information about former Nashville players such as Al Maul, Tom Rogers, and Turkey Stearnes. The park's suites include displays about Sulphur Dell, the Nashville Vols, a minor league team that played there from 1901 to 1961, and in 1963, and other past teams from Nashville.
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The site is located one the east side of Noto Peninsula at an altitude of seven meters above the present sea level of Nanao Bay on the Sea of Japan. The cite contains the remnants of many pit dwellings, along with several groups of very large foundation posts, approximately a meter in diameter and depth of 1.6 meters, with a spacing of approximately 4.3 meters between pillars. The number of holes was 60, and from the spatial orientation it was determined that these were the foundations for three large raised-floor structures, each with a surface area of 150 to 320 square meters. It is surmised that these were either warehouses or had a ceremonial or governmental role.
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Ise is an ancient style typical of, and most common at, Ise Grand Shrine, the holiest of Shinto shrines. It is most common in Mie prefecture.JAANUS, Shinmei-zukuri accessed on December 1, 2009 Characterized by an extreme simplicity, its basic features can be seen in Japanese architecture from the Kofun period (250–538 CE) onwards and it is considered the pinnacle of Japanese traditional architecture. Built in planed, unfinished wood, the honden is either 3×2 ken or 1×1 ken in size, has a raised floor, a gabled roof with an entry on one the non-gabled sides, no upward curve at the eaves, and decorative logs called chigi and katsuogi protruding from the roof's ridge.
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The site is located on a river terrace of the Yahagi River near its conjunction with the Oto River. The ruins cover a wide area of 40,000 square meters and has only been partially excavated. Thus far, the foundations for 12 pit dwellings from the Jōmon period, 37 clay-jar burials, six dirt burials and one square-sided tumulus from the Yayoi period, 11 pit dwellings from the Kofun period, 6 pit dwellings from the Nara period, 19 pit dwellings and one raised floor building form the Heian period have been discovered. Finds included a large amount of artifacts, with including earthenware and stoneware shards, ceremonial stone swords, and clay figurines from the Yayoi period.
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Diagram of air movement in an underfloor air distribution system Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) is an air distribution strategy for providing ventilation and space conditioning in buildings as part of the design of a HVAC system. UFAD systems use an underfloor supply plenum located between the structural concrete slab and a raised floor system to supply conditioned air through floor diffusers directly into the occupied zone of the building. UFAD systems are similar to conventional overhead systems (OH) in terms of the types of equipment used at the cooling and heating plants and primary air- handling units (AHU). Key differences include the use of an underfloor air supply plenum, warmer supply air temperatures, localized air distribution (with or without individual control) and thermal stratification.
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Earthen kura are a common sight in Japan,All Japan: The Catalogue of Everything Japanese (1984) p32 and the basic form is normally seen with only minor variations. The basic wood-framed, plaster-walled, tiled-roof design maintains a stable temperature and humidity throughout the year.Treib (1976), p125 Personal belongings kept in this type of kura tended to be kept in beautifully crafted wooden chests called tansu that would be located on a raised floor or balcony within.Treib (1976), p124 Although they became more popular in the Edo period (1603–1868), references to them are found in the Heian period (794–1185) where statutes were written to govern the distances between kura in towns in order to prevent the spread of fire.
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The E4 test stand consists of four 32 foot tall concrete-walled cells and an associated concrete foundation; a 1,344 square foot hardened and conditioned Signal Conditioning Building; a 12,825 square foot high bay with 10 ton bridge crane, shop area with 1 ton bridge crane, and a 7,000 square foot blast hardened Test Control Center; and two 1,400 square foot raised-floor control rooms. The site also includes underground deluge water piping; underground power, data, and control duct banks; and potable water. The E4 hard stand system was designed to accommodate up to 500,000 pounds-force (2,224 kN) engines and powerpack systems testing in a horizontal configuration. The E4 test stand was proposed in the year 2000 to be located near the H1 test stand.
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Founded by Ralph C. Liebert (1918-1984) as Capitol Refrigeration Industries in 1946, Liebert Corporation was formed in 1965 as the industry's first designer and manufacturer of computer room air conditioning (CRAC) systems. Targeted to the mainframe computer data-processing market, Liebert CRAC systems were the first totally redundant, self-contained units capable of maintaining air temperature, humidity and air quality within the precision tolerances necessary for media and equipment used in these rooms and taking advantage of the raised floor plenums typically found in such rooms. In 1977, Liebert launched sister company Conditioned Power Corporation to design and manufacture power distribution, conditioning and monitoring systems for the data processing industry. The company remained a wholly owned subsidiary until 1981, when it became a division of Liebert Corporation upon the company's initial public offering.
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An Informatics raised-floor computer room in the early 1980s During 1979 and 1980 Informatics tried to broaden its range of IBM mainframe-related products beyond just Mark IV. See also "A Risky Route" sidebar on p. 56. Database management systems were becoming increasingly popular, but Informatics decided not to create its own such system, instead making products that worked in conjunction with IBM's database and data communications products, such as IMS and CICS, respectively. The Answer Division was created to fulfill this goal, although at one point, the Mark IV product line itself was also moved into the division. The Answer Division was located in the Canoga Park area of Los Angeles. Answer/2 was a product released in 1979 that was billed as a moderately priced report writer for files on IBM mainframe operating systems. Advertisement.
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The overall architecture optimizes input/output performance without degrading pure CPU performance. Since most real-world applications of mainframe systems are heavily I/O-intensive business applications, this architecture helps provide the very high levels of throughput that distinguish mainframes from other types of computers. In IBM ESA/390 terminology, a channel is a parallel data connection inside the tree- like or hierarchically organized I/O subsystem. In System/390 I/O cages, channels either directly connect to devices which are installed inside the cage (communication adapter such as ESCON, FICON, Open Systems Adapter) or they run outside of the cage, below the raised floor as cables of the thickness of a thumb and directly connect to channel interfaces on bigger devices like tape subsystems, direct access storage devices (DASDs), terminal concentrators and other ESA/390 systems.
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The Orion VI was a low-floor transit bus available in 40' lengths manufactured by Ontario Bus Industries (renamed Orion Bus Industries in 1995) between 1995 and 2003. The Orion VI was intended to provide an alternative to the existing high-floor Orion V; both the V and VI were replaced by the partially low-floor Orion VII (introduced in 2001). Unlike competing low-floor buses, which package the drivetrain components in an rear underfloor compartment, resulting in a step and raised floor near the rear axle, the Orion VI had its drivetrain in a compartment occupying the rear corner of the bus, with the low floor extending all the way back to the rear of the bus. In addition, the Orion VI was the first North American bus to be offered with a hybrid powertrain option, in 1998.
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The door into the fireman's cab also attracted criticism, as it would have been blocked in the event of the locomotive overturning on that side, preventing the fireman's escape, so that members of the railway trade union ASLEF threatened to stop their crews from operating the Leader. Measurements in the fireman's cab showed temperatures could reach earning the locomotive the nickname of The Chinese Laundry due to the heat and humidity. During work on the crank axles at Eastleigh Works the opportunity was taken to place the locomotive on the weighbridge which showed that the offset boiler and coal bunker caused the locomotive's centre of gravity to be shifted to one side. Experiments had to be undertaken to balance the locomotive by filling the linking corridor with large quantities of scrap metal, replaced in a re- design by a raised floor, covering the weighted material.
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A number of megalithic burials with deep shaft interments, substantial 'pavements' of rounded cobblestone, and prestige artifacts such as bronze daggers, jade, and red-burnished vessels were built in the vicinity of the southern coast in the Late Middle Mumun. High status megalithic burials and large raised-floor buildings at the Deokcheon-ni (Hangeul: 덕천리) and Igeum-dong sites in Gyeongsang Nam-do provide further evidence of the growth of social inequality and the existence of polities that were organized in ways that appear to be similar to simple "chiefdoms". Korean archaeologists sometimes refer to Middle Mumun culture as Songguk-ri Culture (Hanja: 松菊里 文化; Hangeul: 송국리 문화). Co-occurring artifacts and features that are grouped together as Songguk-ri Culture are found in settlement sites in the Hoseo and Honam regions of southeast Korea, but Songguk-ri Culture settlements are also found in western Yeongnam.
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Although there is no standard for the depth of equipment, nor specifying the outer width and depth of the rack enclosure itself (incorporating the structure, doors and panels that contain the mounting rails), there is a tendency for 4-post racks to be or wide, and for them to be , or deep. This of course varies by manufacturer, the design of the rack and its purpose, but through common constraining factors (such as raised floor tile dimensions), these dimensions have become quite common. The extra width and depth enables cabling to be routed with ease (also helping to maintain bend-radius for fibre and copper cables) and deeper equipment to be utilised. A common feature in IT racks are mounting positions for "Zero-U" accessories, such as PDUs (power distribution units) and vertical cable managers/ducts, that utilise the space between the rear rails and the side of the rack enclosure.
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A sound system was designed for the main room by audio engineer Steve Dash and remained throughout the club's existence despite various renovations.DJ Mag article Khabouth credited the system as one of the best in the city and would call Dash up from the United States to tune the room's mixer when required. Additionally, Khabouth also arranged for the installation of a wooden raised floor that had to be redone every year due to wear and tear by dancers at a cost of $30,000 to $40,000, citing it as a necessary component to achieve better sound. Saturdays at The Guvernment (promoted as 'Spin Saturdays') featured underground electronic dance music until 7AM with resident DJs Mark Oliver and the Manzone & Strong duo. Additionally, 'Spin Saturdays' (later known as 'Alive till 7') played host to many international DJs such as Above & Beyond, Armin Van Buuren, David Guetta, Ferry Corsten, Marco V, Markus Schulz, Deadmau5, Sasha, Paul Oakenfold, and Carl Cox.
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The site is located in the alluvial lowland of Iriyama, facing Toyama Bay on the Noto Peninsula, and contains the site of a settlement which was continuously occupied over a 4000 year period from the beginning of the Jōmon period to the end of the Jōmon period. In an excavation survey conducted over a four year period from 1987 an enormous number of relics were discovered, and the site was found to have clearly defined stratigraphic layers facilitating dating. The relics included an abundance of animal bones (especially dolphins), plant relics, as well as engraved pillars, rope, knitted materials, masks, the foundation posts for large raised-floor buildings, and pit dwellings. The site also contained an unparalleled range of pottery from every portion of the Jōmon period, and also all the pottery forms known to have existed in the Hokuriku region, as well as many examples from other regions in Japan, making the site of critical importance into Jōmon pottery research.
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The building has a fine Liberty style tending towards Moorish; with only one raised floor, it is 350 square metres large, with a magnificent garden enriched by fountains and elegant seats. On the main façade (still surmounted by the owner’s coat of arms and his initials) there is a big balcony with a fine marble parapet, with some carvings with the shape of a Greek cross, and five artistic openings. There are 14 rooms, with the ballroom, about 110 square metres large, in the middle of them. After the restoration made in 1980 (made according to the project of the architects Valeria De Folly, Dannis and Carlo Bruschi), this room has become a more functional space, like a corner rich with different plants, well-lighted by a large skylight and a big white chandelier made of Murano glass dated 1943. The furniture is very appropriate, as they have maintained the family’s one, dating back to the early 1900s; there are also two beautiful fireplaces of grey marble, the first is located in the hall and the other in the main bedroom.
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Irori (囲炉裏) A jizai kagi hearth hook with fish-shaped counterbalance The deep eaves of the farmhouse roof helped to protect the interior from driving rain. They stop the sun from entering the interior during the summer, and they allow the low rays of sun to warm the house during the winter. Often there is a timber-floored veranda () around the house under the eaves and protected on the outside by storm shutters. In areas where there is heavy snow there may be a lowered earth- floored area outside the veranda further protected by shutters which helps to stop snow from blowing inside.Itoh (1979), p66-68 The interior of a minka was generally divided into two sections: a floor of compacted earth, called a (the precursor to a Genkan) and a raised floor (generally around 20 inches (50 cm) above the level of the doma), called a , and, in larger, richer houses, an area or set of rooms covered in tatami or mushiro mats, called a .
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Within this level is set a worn sculpted medieval monument, supposed the early 14th-century memorial to John de Neville and his wife, with two recumbent figures—the man in chain armour, the woman with a wimple—draped from elbow to ankle and set within a sunken field. A dog lies at the feet of each figure, and a shield with three Fleur-de-lis lies partly over the man. Set into the raised floor against the north wall is a recessed table tomb with inset panels with angels holding shields, above which is a curved and moulded canopy arch with embedded fleuron repeats and a crocketed top running to a cross-shaped floriate finial. The origin of the monument is unknown. Next to the de Neville monument and set into a marble tile is a lozenge-shaped metal plaque to Florence Amy Laura Neville (died 1934 aged 85 years), daughter of Henry Martin Turnor who was the son of antiquarian Edmund Turnor (1755–1829) and brother of Christopher Turnor (1809–1886).
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A favourite myth is that of the mill's post being part of a tree that grew on the site, the roots of which extended many feet below the ground. Apart from the fact that no mills were built like this in the 1740s, once the raised floor of the tea-rooms was removed from the hexagonal concrete round-house constructed in 1907, it is clear that the post, as is to be expected, is suspended above the ground, by diagonal quarter bars held in place against the cross-trees, themselves resting on brick piers, and that the base of the post is wedged into the centre of the cross-trees, with the wedges used to balance the post and adjust for the varying distribution of weight in the buck as stones, sails and machinery are added or removed. This myth appeared in several publications, including an untitled leaflet published by St. Stephens Press, Bristol, in the 1950s. (It refers to 1897 as being "53 years ago", and the cover page bears text that includes "VISITORS to WORTHING should not fail to see THE 200 YEAR OLD WINDMILL With its wonderful Old Wooden Machinery").
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The inclusion of a commodious manager's private apartment was usual for regional banks. > On the ground floor the building comprised banking chamber, fitted > handsomely in polished cedar, the upper part of the various partitions being > in ornamental ground glass...ample room for the public in front of the > counter for the transaction of business, and a table... placed there for the > accommodation of those who may desire to fill in deposit slips, requisitions > for drafts, &c; a counter...14 ft long by 4ft 6 in [4.2 x 1.4m] wide, with > the bill department on the right, and the exchange clerks' office on the > left; ledger desks...placed at the back of the counter. To the left of the > main entrance to the public hall is the manager's room, ...and opening out > of that is the accountant's office... which has a raised floor, so that the > official, by simply standing up, can get a good view of all that is going > on. There is a passage leading from the manager's room to the dining-room, > which, with the exception of the kitchen and servants' offices is the only > one of the private apartments on the ground floor.
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Low-floor buses are generally divided into two major types: fully low-floor buses with a low floor throughout the length of the bus (more popular in Europe), and low-entry buses with step-free access to only a part of the bus, most commonly between the front door and the middle door (more popular in North America). In North America, both types are commonly called low-floor, as the majority of the vehicle has a low floor, without steps at the doors. The main reason for choosing a low-entry configuration is to allow better placement for the powertrain and other technical equipment in the raised floor section, in addition to allowing a more comfortable ride on rough roads. Some manufacturers use the initials LF or L in their model designations for fully low-floor models (or in the case of German manufacturers, NF or N, based on the German word Niederflur, which means low floor), and in North America buses that are partially low-floor are often also designated LF. In some countries, LE, short for Low Entry, is used by some manufacturers in their model designations for low-entry buses.
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Interior of a Type 1 car in 1987, showing the original seat colors and the stop-request bell cords that were removed in 1994 A MAX train composed of one low-floor car and one high-floor car on the Portland Transit Mall in 2015 The Type 1 cars were manufactured by a joint venture between Bombardier Corporation and La Brugeoise et Nivelles (BN; Bombardier would later acquire the company) and featured a raised floor with steps at the doors. TriMet had wanted to contract American firm Budd Corporation, but the company backed out at the last minute. TriMet announced it would purchase an additional seven vehicles in August 1983, but a budget shortfall forced the agency to withdraw this proposal the following November. The cars were built, with some modifications for Portland, to a BN design that had previously been usedunder license by Brazilian manufacturer Cobrasma(PT)for 68 rail cars for Rio de Janeiro. Bombardier built the frames in Quebec, but its factory in Barre, Vermont, manufactured the majority of each car, with 80 percent of the production and assembly taking place in Barre. The first vehicle was completed at the factory in late 1983"‘Roomy, good-looking’ light-rail cars please Tri- Met official" (November 27, 1983).
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