You use the terms "racial aversion" and "racial antagonism" in the book.
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That raises uncertainty about whether it is segregation itself that causes racial antagonism.
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There has also been a poisonous interaction between racial antagonism and bad social analysis.
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So is there a way any of this — the strong influence of racial aversion and racial antagonism in politics — can be brought under control or stopped, or do we just have to wait for demographic changes that will make people who are motivated by racial antagonism less influential?
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Americans with "fixed" (and mixed) views of society have higher levels of racial antagonism than those with "fluid" views.
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But a perusal of the first front page is a sobering reminder of how racial antagonism has defined America since Sept.
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His career both anticipated the rise of the celebrity athlete and spotlighted the racial antagonism festering in the age of Jim Crow.
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The protests are symptomatic of a resurgence of racial antagonism in South Africa, fanned by frustration over a slowing economy and high unemployment.
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Yes, certain topics remain taboo: Don't cast aspersions on the judiciary or incite racial antagonism, film remains under tight control, and so on.
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If anything, the economic and security justifications for these policies are incidental, while the racial antagonism and scapegoating runs through the entirety of the agenda.
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Ultranationalists and religious extremists had stoked racial antagonism, the panel said, demonizing the Rohingya as "Bengali" immigrants posing an existential threat to Buddhist identity in Myanmar.
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Seriously, Republican political strategy has been exploiting racial antagonism, getting working-class whites to despise government because it dares to help Those People, for almost half a century.
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They don't even realize that their party's success has been based on racial antagonism, that most people want to raise taxes on the rich and maintain social benefits.
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One piece of evidence in support of that: Pollster Cornell Belcher explained to Vox, that his data revealed a "crisis of racial antagonism" among the voters who helped Trump win.
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I should have argued that the core Trump fan base that powered him to victory in the Republican Primary seemed primarily voted by racial antagonism rather than an economic policy message.
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Remember, Mr. Trump won the nomination because he gave his party's base what it wanted, channeling the racial antagonism that has been the driving force for Republican electoral success for decades.
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Critics of affirmative action argue that two wrongs do not make a right; that treating different racial groups differently will entrench racial antagonism and that societies should aim to be colour-blind.
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Since his emergence on the filmmaking scene a quarter of a century ago, Tarantino is one of few American directors to have consistently explored contemporary and historical racial antagonism in his work.
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The President's invocation of lynching defiles the memory of the thousands of documented victims, overwhelmingly African American, murdered by mobs, but it also serves a political function more potent than blind racial antagonism.
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The book was inspired by a survey of voters between the 2008 general election and Obama's reelection in 2012, tracking levels of "racial antagonism" — a term that basically means racism — along with political opinions.
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The book was inspired by a survey of voters between the 603 general election and Obama's reelection in 2012, tracking levels of "racial antagonism" — a term that basically means racism — along with political opinions.
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For months, they have sought to tar Republican politicians with Mr. Trump's essence, arguing that the New York developer and reality star was the true id of a Republican Party marbled with political extremism and racial antagonism.
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Another study, by Korea University's Woojin Lee and Yale's John Roemer, used data from the American National Election Studies (ANES) to identify the percentage of white voters who express high levels of racial antagonism in the United States.
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What we're seeing in this election is a kind of culmination of the strategy the right has been using for decades: distract working-class voters from policies that hurt them by promoting culture war and, above all, racial antagonism.
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We reached out to the academic for some context for her work correcting historic blind spots, how to make sense of the open racial antagonism emanating from this White House, and how black women have been shaping America's story all along.
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Even if they're personally doing well, many voters in lagging regions have a sense of grievance, a feeling that they're being disrespected by the glittering elites of superstar cities; this sense of grievance all too easily turns into racial antagonism.
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Their party used to know that it won elections despite its economic program, not because of it – that the whole game was to win by playing on social issues, national security, and above all on racial antagonism, then use the win to push fundamentally unpopular economic policies.
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Despite warnings from commentators who insisted that looting, vandalism, and the perception of racial antagonism could hobble the efforts of peaceful organizers, protesters managed to change white racial attitudes so rapidly and dramatically that white liberals are now to the left of racial minorities themselves on a number of racial issues.
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The Portuguese regime encouraged white immigration, especially after 1950, which intensified racial antagonism; many new Portuguese settlers arrived after World War II.
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"Solidarity court bid 'stirring up racial antagonism'", BDlive, South Africa, 30 April 2013. Retrieved on 13 May 2013. Another five applicants were later added to the case.Raubenheimer, Graeme.
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"Solidarity takes Correctional Services to court", Eyewitness News, South Africa, 25 April 2013. Retrieved on 13 May 2013. The ANC in the Western Cape called the suit an "attack on employment equity", and accused the applicants of "stirring up racial antagonism between Africans and coloureds".
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Competition in the goldfields, labour disputes and Australian nationalism created an environment of racial antagonism during the second half of the 19th century. The Chinese mining population in particular was to suffer from racial resentment on the mining fields and the Australian colonies began to introduce restrictive immigration policies.
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Both Muslim and other Chinese resented the way foreigners handled Chinese affairs, rather than religion. In the military, imbalances in promotion and wealth were other motives for holding foreigners in poor regard. The Dungan and Panthay revolts were set off by racial antagonism and class warfare, rather than religion. During the Dungan revolt (1862–77) fighting broke out between Uyghur and Hui groups.
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It was primarily anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish in this period, but it also supported white supremacy. The KKK contributed to Detroit's reputation for racial antagonism, and there were violent incidents dating from 1915. Its lesser-known offshoot, Black Legion, was also active in the Detroit area. In 1936 and 1937, some 48 members were convicted of numerous murders and attempted murder, thus ending Black Legion's run.
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This novel shifts between present day and the time of Folsom Man, some 10,000 years ago. Kirkus Reviews comments for this novel "Andre Norton has no peer in his chosen field of science fiction for teenagers ... [here] there's a hint of racial antagonism." (The novel has pointed comments about racism against American Indians.) In the 2000 republished version Norton changed the word Reds to Russians. No change was made in the story.
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He ordered several Muslim rebels to be slowly sliced to death. The Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, Volume 8 stated that the Dungan and Panthay revolts by the Muslims was set off by racial antagonism and class warfare, rather than religion. The Russian government spent thousands of rubles on an unsuccessful expedition trying to determine the cause of the revolt. Dali, the capital of the Pingnan Sultanate in Yunnan, from the set Victory over the Muslims.
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The period after World War I was disruptive in the United States, as numerous veterans sought to re-enter the job market and society. The government had no program to help them. Racial antagonism erupted in 1919 as race riots of whites against blacks in numerous cities across the U.S.; it was called the Red Summer of 1919. Unlike in mob action in the South, blacks in Chicago and other cities fought back against these attacks.
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Jamal ud-Din Yaqut (also Yakut) was an African Siddi slave-turned-nobleman who was a close confidante of Razia Sultana, the first and only female monarch of the Delhi Sultanate in India. Yakub was the puppet of Razia Sultan's stepmother but after sometime he became a trustworthy soldier of Delhi Sultanate. Razia Sultana's patronage made him an influential member of the court, provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were both primarily Turkic and already resentful of the rule of a female monarchy.
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On 9 November 1236, both Rukn-ud-din Feroze and his mother Shah Turkan were assassinated by the Chihalgani. The fifth Sultana was Razia al-Din (), who had the titular name of Jalâlat-ud-dîn Raziyâ Sultana () and reigned from 1236 to 1240. As the first female Muslim ruler in India, she initially managed to impress the nobles and administratively handled the Sultanate well. However, she began associating with the African Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were primarily Central Asian Turkic and already resented the rule of a female monarch.
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Zanna Bukar Dipcharima was a Nigerian politician who was active during the Nigerian First Republic, he was a member of the House of Representatives and later appointed a Minister in the administration of Tafawa Balewa. He was a former Minister of Commerce and Industry and also of Transport. As Federal Minister of Commerce and Industry, he traveled to U.S in the fall of 1963 to seek American commercial interests in the development of manufacturing in Nigeria, a move if successful will reduce the influence of deeply entrenched British firms in the economy. While there, he informed interested firms a promise of absence of racial antagonism and a tax holiday.
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The Dungan Revolt by the Hui occurred partly because of racial antagonism and class warfare, not only religious strife as is sometimes mistakenly assumed. When the Qing dynasty invaded the Ming dynasty in 1644, Muslim Ming loyalists in Gansu led by Muslim leaders Milayin and Ding Guodong led a revolt in 1646 against the Qing during the Milayin rebellion to drive the Qing out and restore the Ming Prince of Yanchang Zhu Shichuan to the throne as the emperor. The Muslim Ming loyalists were supported by Hami's Sultan Sa'id Baba and his son Prince Turumtay. The Muslim Ming loyalists were joined by Tibetans and Han Chinese in the revolt.
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Various sources criticize the claims that the Dungan and Panthay Revolts were due to religious persecution by the Qing. The Dungan and Panthay Revolts by the Hui occurred because of racial antagonism and class warfare, not purely religious strife as is sometimes mistakenly assumed. The Panthay rebellion was not religious in nature, since the Muslims were joined by non-Muslim Shan and Kakhyen and other hill tribes in the revolt. A British officer testified that the Muslims did not rebel for religious reasons, and the Chinese were tolerant of different religions and unlikely to have caused the revolt by interfering with the practice of Islam.
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Branch Rickey, president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, began making efforts to introduce a black baseball player to the previously all-white professional baseball leagues in the mid-1940s. He selected Jackie Robinson from a list of promising Negro league players. After obtaining a commitment from Robinson to "turn the other cheek" to any racial antagonism directed at him, Rickey agreed to sign him to a contract for $600 a month. In what was later referred to as "The Noble Experiment", Robinson was the first black baseball player in the International League since the 1880s, joining the Dodgers' farm club, the Montreal Royals, for the 1946 season.
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The Dungan revolt (1862–1877) and Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873) by the Hui were also set off by racial antagonism and class warfare, rather than the mistaken assumption that it was all due to Islam that the rebellions broke out.John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray 1916 893 During the Dungan revolt fighting broke out between Uyghurs and Hui. In 1936, after Sheng Shicai expelled 20,000 Kazakhs from Xinjiang to Qinghai, the Hui led by General Ma Bufang massacred their fellow Muslims, the Kazakhs, until there were only 135 of them left. Tensions with Uyghurs and Hui arose because Qing and Republican Chinese authorities used Hui troops and officials to dominate the Uyghurs and crush Uyghur revolts.
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The two tribes agreed to the union but a treaty made in 1855 allowed the two tribes to separate as different governments. Native Americans and African Americans had mostly positive interactions through the centuries; unfortunately this positive interaction was not the case in post-Civil War Indian Territory. Racial antagonism, intensified by the abolition of slavery among the Five Civilized Tribes and the new pressures brought on by the influx of land-hungry white settlers, combined to create bitter hostility and in a few instances violent conflicts between the two peoples who had previously lived in relative harmony. The evolution of this changing Native American and African American relationship can be traced to the American Civil War.
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He preached against racism, vigorously and often during a time when racial antagonism and enmity often erupted into violence. He participated in the Poor Peoples’ March on Washington and stayed in Resurrection City. In 1968, with riots erupting all over the U.S., including in Detroit, in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., George Zabelka was the only white person able to walk the streets of Flint, in the company of young black men and women who were trying to prevent Flint from turning into Detroit. During these years, Zabelka also founded “Focus on Progress, a program to help students having academic difficulty in school upgrade their learning skills in those areas in which they were deficient. In the African-American community of Flint it was universally said, “Fr.
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He expressed dislike for other strategies like rebellion, secession, or the various Back to Africa movements — which Harris described as "Negro Zionism" — led by such figures as Marcus Garvey and Haile Selassie I. In The Black Worker, Spero and Harris asserted that African Americans could put an end to the racial antagonism in the working class. They wrote about the history of the racial predicament between whites and blacks had stemmed from the days of slavery. They argued that many African Americans had just recently migrated to the urban setting, and had been unaware of trade unionism and its benefits. They stated that the anti-union beliefs held by organizations such as the National Urban League also provided for the racial division seen in the working class between blacks and whites.
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Rickey was especially interested in making sure his eventual signee could withstand the inevitable racial abuse that would be directed at him. In a famous three-hour exchange on August 28, 1945, Rickey asked Robinson if he could face the racial animus without taking the bait and reacting angrily—a concern given Robinson's prior arguments with law enforcement officials at PJC and in the military. Robinson was aghast: "Are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?" Rickey replied that he needed a Negro player "with guts enough not to fight back."Robinson, Jackie (1995), p. 33. After obtaining a commitment from Robinson to "turn the other cheek" to racial antagonism, Rickey agreed to sign him to a contract for $600 a month, equal to $ today.Rampersad, p. 127.Robinson, Jackie (1995), p. 34.
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Volume 8 of the Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics states that the Panthay Revolt by the Muslims was set off by racial antagonism and class warfare, rather than the mistaken assumption that it was all due to Islam and religion.(Original from Harvard University) In 1856, a massacre of Muslims organized by a Qing Manchu official responsible for suppressing the revolt in the provincial capital of Kunming sparked a province-wide multi-ethnic insurgency. In Dali City in western Yunnan, an independent kingdom was established by Du Wenxiu (1823-1872) who was born in Yongchang to a Han Chinese family, which had converted to Islam. The Manchu official who started the anti-Muslim massacre was Shuxing'a, who developed a deep hatred of Muslims after an incident where he was stripped naked and nearly lynched by a mob of Muslims.
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She also traces the construction of white supremacist stereotypes that portrayed African American women as being inherently inclined towards criminality or violence (the "Colored Amazons" stereotype for which the book is named), and she examines the role of Cesare Lombroso's theories about the heritability of criminality in promoting those stigmas. Gross connects these stereotypes to the burgeoning feminist discourse of post-Reconstruction America, and she shows that racial antagonism was prevalent in Philadelphia despite the egalitarian Quaker and liberal democratic founding ideals of the city. Colored Amazons was reviewed as being a timely contribution to an under- studied historical narrative, because when it was written African American women were over-represented in the American criminal justice system, and were the fastest-growing prison population in the United States. Colored Amazons received the 2005 John Hope Franklin Center Manuscript Prize, and the 2006 Letitia Woods Brown Memorial Book Award from the Association of Black Women Historians.
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As with his views on religion, which developed considerably throughout his long life, Russell's views on the matter of race did not remain fixed. By 1951, Russell was a vocal advocate of racial equality and intermarriage; he penned a chapter on "Racial Antagonism" in New Hopes for a Changing World (1951), which read: Passages in some of his early writings support birth control. On 16 November 1922, for instance, he gave a lecture to the General Meeting of Dr. Marie Stopes's Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress on "Birth Control and International Relations," in which he described the importance of extending Western birth control worldwide; his remarks anticipated the population control movement of the 1960s and the role of the United Nations. Another passage from early editions of his book Marriage and Morals (1929), which Russell later claimed to be referring only to environmental conditioning, and which he significantly modified in later editions, reads: However, in 1932 he condemned the "unwarranted assumption" that "Negroes are congenitally inferior to white men" (Education and the Social Order, Chap. 3).
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According to Bonacich, "The central hypothesis [deriving from split labor market theory] is that ethnic antagonism first germinates in a labor market split along racial lines". Split labor market theory traces the roots of racial/ethnic stratification to social and political differences that predate inter-group contact in the labor market, but the specific outcomes (caste system, exclusion, or something else) result mainly from the actions of the higher paid segment of the working class and their power relative to that of capital. In one of the best-known applications of split labor market theory, William Julius Wilson argued in The Declining Significance of Race that a split labor market provided much of the racial antagonism between blacks and whites during the earlier years of what he called the period of industrial race relations. Wilson argued that this did not last, however, as "the passage of protective union legislation during the New Deal era, and the equal employment legislation in the early sixties have virtually eliminated the tendency of employers to create a split labor market in which black labor is deemed cheaper than white labor regardless of the work performed".
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