"There was no quality metric that I guess we had," said one former worker.
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Existing evidence suggests that the program provides minimal benefit and that the entire ObamaCare physician quality metric enterprise rests on decidedly shaky evidential ground.
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It's full of things for which it's easy to have overblown expectations â€" New Year's Eve, for example, and the unintentional friendship quality metric known as "giving gifts.
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"The CDC Guideline does NOT say to reduce such patients' doses against their will, but legislators, health systems, and quality metric agencies have read it that way," Kertesz said.
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Without making an obvious difference in physician quality, Obamacare MOC requirements raise costs, divert physician time from treating patients, and make running nonprofit quality metric and testing programs more lucrative than treating patients.
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"The CDC Guideline does NOT say to reduce such patients' doses against their will, but legislators, health systems, and quality metric agencies have read it that way," Stefan Kertesz, a clinical researcher in addiction at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, told Gizmodo back in March when the Trump plan included threats of everything from restricting doses of pain medication in hospitals to the death penalty for people who over-prescribe.
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The metric can be applied to either human translation or machine translation.SAE J2450 Translation Quality Metric. (2001). Vehicle E/E System Diagnostic Standards Committee.
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The residual bit error rate (RBER) is a receive quality metric in digital transmission, one of several used to quantify the accuracy of the received data.
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The most traditional ways of evaluating quality of digital video processing system (e.g. a video codec) are FR-based. Among the oldest FR metrics are signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), which are calculated between every frame of the original and the degraded video signal. PSNR is the most widely used objective image quality metric, and the average PSNR over all frames can be considered a video quality metric.
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Delaney has had a major focus on work relating to cost-efficiency and value in healthcare, as well as surgical quality, which led to his invention of an affordable quality metric called the HARM Score.
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Rate-distortion optimization solves the aforementioned problem by acting as a video quality metric, measuring both the deviation from the source material and the bit cost for each possible decision outcome. The bits are mathematically measured by multiplying the bit cost by the Lagrangian, a value representing the relationship between bit cost and quality for a particular quality level. The deviation from the source is usually measured as the mean squared error, in order to maximize the PSNR video quality metric. Calculating the bit cost is made more difficult by the entropy encoders in modern video codecs, requiring the rate-distortion optimization algorithm to pass each block of video to be tested to the entropy coder to measure its actual bit cost.
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Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) is an objective full-reference video quality metric developed by Netflix in cooperation with the University of Southern California and the Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE) at The University of Texas at Austin. It predicts subjective video quality based on a reference and distorted video sequence. The metric can be used to evaluate the quality of different video codecs, encoders, encoding settings, or transmission variants.
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Guetzli is known to be very resource intensive, requiring several orders of magnitude more processing time than other JPEG encoders, and a lot of memory. Guetzli supports only the top of JPEG's quality range (quantizer settings 84–100) and supports only sequential (non-"progressive") encoding. The performance of the Butteraugli quality metric it optimizes for breaks down below that range and starves some areas too much. Guetzli is more effective with bigger files.
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The Quality portion of the OEE Metric represents the Good Units produced as a percentage of the Total Units Started. The Quality Metric is a pure measurement of Process Yield that is designed to exclude the effects of Availability and Performance. The losses due to defects and rework are called quality losses and quality stops. Reworked units which have been corrected are only measured as unscheduled downtime while units being scrapped can affect both operation time and unit count.
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Length of stay is commonly used as a quality metric. The prospective payment system in U.S. Medicare for reimbursing hospital care promotes shorter length of stay by paying the same amount for procedures, regardless of days spent in the hospital. Additionally, length of stay in hospital can be linked to additional quality metrics such as patient satisfaction with health professionals, reduction in hospital readmissions, and even mortality. Discharge planning processes can be effective in reducing a patients length of stay in hospital.
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While the M2 factor does not give detail on the spatial characteristics of the beam, it does indicate how close it is to being a fundamental-mode Gaussian beam. It also determines the smallest spot size for the beam, as well as the beam divergence. M2 can also give an indication of beam distortions due to, for example, power-induced thermal lensing in the laser gain medium, since it will increase. There are some limitations to the M2 parameter as a simple quality metric.
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Connascence () is a software quality metric invented by Meilir Page-Jones to allow reasoning about the complexity caused by dependency relationships in object oriented design much like coupling did for structured design. In software engineering, two components are connascent if a change in one would require the other to be modified in order to maintain the overall correctness of the system. In addition to allowing categorization of dependency relationships, connascence also provides a system for comparing different types of dependency. Such comparisons between potential designs can often hint at ways to improve the quality of the software.
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Performance requirements can include: #Optical performance (image quality): This is quantified by various metrics, including encircled energy, modulation transfer function, Strehl ratio, ghost reflection control, and pupil performance (size, location and aberration control); the choice of the image quality metric is application specific. #Physical requirements such as weight, static volume, dynamic volume, center of gravity and overall configuration requirements. #Environmental requirements: ranges for temperature, pressure, vibration and electromagnetic shielding. Design constraints can include realistic lens element center and edge thicknesses, minimum and maximum air- spaces between lenses, maximum constraints on entrance and exit angles, physically realizable glass index of refraction and dispersion properties.
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Judged by the objective quality metric VQM in 2015, x265 delivered video quality on par with the reference encoder of the royalty-free VP9 format that competes with HEVC.Jan Ozer, April 2015: The Great UHD Codec Debate: Google's VP9 Vs. HEVC/H.265 A codec comparison from 2015 found x265 to be a leading HEVC implementation measured by SSIM metric.Jan Ozer, November 9, 2015: Moscow State Releases First HEVC Comparison In August 2016, Netflix published a comparison of x264, VP9, and x265 using video clips from 500 movies and TV shows using 6 different quality metrics and found that both VP9 and x265 have 40%–50% better quality at 1080p than x264.
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At least as of the early 1990s, the company defined customer value in terms of traditional product quality as this was what customers both demanded and needed as the capsule products were faced with increasing degrees of filling automation and filling speed. The product quality metric was a matter of ensuring consistency among batches delivered to the customer. At one point, the company had more than 100 inspectors at every major manufacturing facility to inspect each product twice; over time, cost reductions were realized by major reductions in this inspection crew as statistical process control methods were implemented. Note: This work is a textbook and contains a case study devoted to Capsugel beginning on page 438, entitled "Long-Term Quality Improvement and Cost Reduction at Capsugel/Warner- Lambert".
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An encoding speed versus efficiency comparison of the reference implementation in libvpx, x264 and x265 was made by an FFmpeg developer in September 2015: By SSIM index, libvpx was mostly superior to x264 across the range of comparable encoding speeds, but the main benefit was at the slower end of x264@veryslow (reaching a sweet spot of 30–40% bitrate improvement within twice as slow as this), whereas x265 only became competitive with libvpx around 10 times as slow as x264@veryslow. It was concluded that libvpx and x265 were both capable of the claimed 50% bitrate improvement over H.264, but only at 10–20 times the encoding time of x264. Judged by the objective quality metric VQM in early 2015, the VP9 reference encoder delivered video quality on par with the best HEVC implementations. A decoder comparison by the same developer showed 10% faster decoding for ffvp9 than ffh264 for same-quality video, or "identical" at same bitrate.
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