Greenpeace Indonesia said 80% of cleared forests had been turned into become palm and pulpwood plantations.
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Greenpeace Indonesia said 80% of cleared forests had been turned into become palm and pulpwood plantations.
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One of those men is Jamie Foxx's Walter McMillian, a pulpwood worker sentenced to death for capital murder despite evidence proving his innocence.
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"Just Mercy" begins in 1987, when McMillian — played in an astonishing comeback performance by Jamie Foxx — is in a forest outside Monroeville, where he works as a pulpwood contractor.
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Sinan Abood, a geospatial analyst with America's Forest Service, calculates that more than one-quarter of pulpwood concessions and more than one-fifth of palm-oil concessions are located on peatland.
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Citing analysis of mapping and concession data, Greenpeace said concessions linked to three pulpwood companies saw about 403,300 hectares, an area more than five times the size of Singapore, burned from 2015 to 2018.
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Indeed. And the use of those muscles by digital moderns gets even more complicated when we encounter our x's not on paper—carbon-black ink, like liquid soot, inscribed on bleached pulpwood—but on screens.
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"We fear that vast areas of natural forest, especially in Kalimantan, Sumatra (island), and Papua will be designated for land swaps and converted into pulpwood plantations in the name of peatland restoration," the environmental organizations said.
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Like many of the lynching victims of the past, Johnny D threatened racial hierarchies, both because he was economically independent (owning a successful pulpwood business) and because of an affair he had with a white woman.
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KUALA LUMPUR/JAKARTA, Sept 24 (Reuters) - Indonesia has not imposed serious enough penalties on pulpwood and palm oil firms that had large fires on their land from 2015 to 2018 and more fires on some of those farms also polluted the region's air quality this year, Greenpeace said on Tuesday.
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Harvesting a stand of eucalyptus pulpwood in Australia. Pulpwood is timber with the principal use of making wood pulp for paper production.
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The floor of each pulpwood car sloped 12 inches (30 cm) to the unloading side; and the slatted side of the car was hinged at the top to swing open when latches were released so the pulpwood would slide out of the car into Umbazooksus Lake. Bark breaking off the pulpwood logs accumulated so the Plymouth switcher periodically dragged a rake adjacent to the pier to keep the water deep enough to float the pulpwood logs being dumped. Normal operations transferred 6,500 cords of pulpwood per week enabling Great Northern Paper Company to manufacture approximately one- fifth of the United States' annual paper production.
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The pulpwood toss event is typically run as a team event, and requires all competitors to throw a set of four pieces of pulpwood between two pairs of stakes, typically set 15–20 feet apart. The event is typically timed until 48 qualifying pieces of pulpwood have been thrown. A piece of wood earns a point toward the 48 possible points if it breaks the plane between the two stakes after the competitor is done throwing. This means that pulpwood thrown too far, not far enough, or not between the stakes is not counted.
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Pulpwood is also harvested from tree farms established for the specific purpose of growing pulpwood, with little or minimal sawlog production. Monoculture of species intended specifically for pulpwood include loblolly and slash pines in the southern USA; various species of eucalyptus (most commonly Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus grandis) in Latin America, Iberian Peninsula, Australia, south-east Asia and southern Africa and acacia (most commonly Acacia mangium) in south- east Asia and southern Africa.
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Hatton, Brown & Co., Inc. was established in 1953, the same year the company started a new Southern regional logging title, Pulpwood Production. At 33, Charles Cline joined the company as editor in the summer of 1953 and helped get the first issue into print that August. Pulpwood Production's title was lengthened to Pulpwood Production & Saw Mill Logging in 1956 and its circulation was extended into the Lake States and New England in 1962.
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Andrews 1987 p.79 There were 110 pulpwood cars in 1938 and the mill consumed 180 cords of pulpwood per day. Narrow gauge locomotives transferred 250 tons of coal per day to the mill boilers and transported ash from the boilers to a disposal pile.
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Lumber and pulpwood from this tree shipped to Florida is the main export of the Abaco Islands.
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Mason 1974 p.11 The locomotives were originally oil fueled; but were converted to burn coal after three employees died in an oil fire during refueling in 1921.Mason 1974 pp.7-8 Pulpwood was transported into the mill in 20-foot-long cars carrying 2 cords of pulpwood.
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In 1935, the Thistle family started cutting export wood. They remained a major economic force in Burlington for approximately 30 years. Camps later opened for the cutting of pulpwood and continued for about ten years. In 1969 pulpwood was again the main industry, shipped out by truck from Burlington.
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The Pulpwood Stacker on the east bank of the Chippewa River at Cornell, Wisconsin was manufactured to streamline the Cornell Wood Products Mill pulpwood process. It was designed by Joor Engineering Company of England and constructed on-site in 1912 by Minneapolis Tool and Machinery Company. Wisconsin had become a major manufacturer of paper and pulpwood products in the United States by the last half of the 19th century. By extension, the timber industry was one of the state's most important employers.
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Spruce forests of the Maine North Woods were a source of pulpwood through the 20th century. Trees were bucked into lengths and loaded onto sleds towed by draft animals or log haulers to the nearest river or lake. Log drives would float the pulpwood logs to a downstream paper mill when the snow and ice melted. Pulpwood growing in the upper Saint John River drainage was destined for Great Northern Paper Company's Millinocket mill on the West Branch Penobscot River.
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The Seboomook Lake and Saint John Railroad was a forest railway built to transfer pulpwood between drainage basins in the Maine North Woods. The railroad was built slowly in preparation for anticipated pulpwood harvesting, but onset of the Great Depression caused the railroad to be dismantled when harvesting plans were delayed.
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This definition includes the full range of wood products; all categories of saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood and firewood.
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The problem was getting the pulpwood out of the north-flowing Allagash River into the east-flowing Penobscot River.
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Spruce forests of the Maine North Woods were a source of pulpwood throughout the 20th century. Trees were bucked into 4-foot (1.2-meter) lengths and loaded onto sleds towed by draft animals or log haulers to the nearest river or lake. Log drives would float the pulpwood logs to a downstream paper mill when the snow and ice melted. Pulpwood harvested in the upper Allagash River drainage was destined for Great Northern Paper Company paper mill on the West Branch Penobscot River in Millinocket.
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Routine operations involved two trains moving ten or twelve loaded pulpwood cars south from Eagle Lake to Umbazooksus Lake, and empty pulpwood cars northward in a round trip taking about 3 hours. The two trains would pass at a midpoint siding. One Plymouth switcher shunted loading cars at Eagle Lake and the other shunted unloading cars at Umbazooksus Lake. The inland rail of the 600-foot (180 m) long pulpwood-unloading pier was six inches (15 cm) higher than the lakeside rail to expedite unloading.
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The Baker Branch drains a portion of the Maine North Woods utilized for 20th century pulpwood production. Spruce and Balsam Fir trees were bucked into 4-foot (1.2-meter) lengths beginning in 1917 and loaded onto sleds towed by draft animals or log haulers to the nearest river or lake. Log drives would float the pulpwood logs to a downstream paper mill when the snow and ice melted. A problem arose because pulpwood growing around the Saint John Ponds was destined for Great Northern Paper Company's Millinocket mill on the West Branch Penobscot River.
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These natural mineral deposits are essential to supporting the construction industries in nearby Pensacola and Mobile, especially for use as aggregate materials in concrete. Timber and pulpwood are other valuable natural commodities of the area. Nearby papermills at Cantontment, and Brewton, Alabama, provide a market for cut pulpwood. Timber processing is conducted by another industry about south of Century.
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Primary commodities include feed products, chemicals, plastic pellets, aggregates, lumber, grain, pulpwood, scrap metal, and fertilizer, amounting to around 7,500 annual carloads.
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To the north of the railroad tracks is a lot where pulpwood is handled. Pitt was burned in the Baudette Fire of 1910.
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As forests within the west branch drainage were converted to pulpwood, GNP built the Eagle Lake and West Branch Railroad and the Seboomook Lake and Saint John Railroad to transport pulpwood from the Allagash and Saint John river drainage basins into the west branch log drives. Environmental concerns ended river transport of pulpwood in 1971 when Great Northern opened the Golden Road (Maine) which parallels the river to the mill in Millinocket. The privately owned Golden Road remains the primary road access to the river. The lumber industry has been greatly diminished and the Millinocket mill is being torn down.
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In their shop in Waterville, the Lombard brothers produced the huge steam-powered locomotives that slid on skis and were powered by huge tracks in the rear, enabling them to travel throughout the Maine woods free from the steel tracks that limited other railroad vehicles. In time, Lombard produced smaller, diesel powered loghaulers as well as trucks, snowplows and other commercial vehicles. Lombard also obtained patents for a pulpwood debarker, a device for automatically cutting pulpwood into shorter lengths for grinding, a pulpwood crusher, a device for removing knots from sulfite process pulp, and a governor to control the speed of water turbines.
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By 1933 GNP had constructed storage capacity of 57 billion cubic feet on the west branch. The west branch also transported pulpwood to Millinocket. Log drives initially floated 20- or 24-foot (6.1-7.3 m) "long logs" to the mill. Pulpwood was cut into shorter 4-foot (1.2 m) lengths beginning in 1917; and the last "long log" drive was in 1928.
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Upon its start, traffic included pulpwood, woodchips, plastic, lumber, fertilizer, and others, generating 2,500 annual carloads. The railroad became part of OmniTRAX in 1992.
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Camden white gum is a fast- growing and adaptable tree in cultivation and is being investigated in South Africa and South America for pulpwood plantations.
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Eucalyptus is the most common short fibre source for pulpwood to make pulp. The types most often used in papermaking are Eucalyptus globulus (in temperate areas) and the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid (in the tropics). The fibre length of Eucalyptus is relatively short and uniform with low coarseness compared with other hardwoods commonly used as pulpwood. The fibres are slender, yet relatively thick walled.
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Texas Observer, "Bound and Determined," January 10, 2008 In 2008, she wrote the nonfiction book The Pulpwood Queen's Tiara- Wearing, Book-Sharing Guide to Life.Book listing, The Pulpwood Queen's Tiara- Wearing, Book-Sharing Guide to Life In 2011, Random House announced it was planning a 12-episode season for an online book club talk show, featuring interviews with Random House authors. The company spokesman said the show was created "in response to increased demand for digital content from book clubs."Publisher's Weekly, "Random, Pulpwood Queens Book Club Partner on Online Talk Show," January 18, 2011 Patrick appeared on Good Morning Americas "Recipe Show" with her chicken shish kabob recipe.
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From its earliest days, the Commission had promoted using forest and sawmill waste for the production of wood pulp. Industry eventually began to show some interest and in 1936. Under Galbraith's Chairmanship, the Commission and Australian Paper Manufacturers Ltd (APM) reached an agreement which gave certain pulpwood rights to the company for fifty years over an area of about 200,000 ha of State forest. The Commission retained control over the pulpwood harvesting operations to ensure that pulpwood remain secondary to the use of the more valuable types of produce such as sawlogs, poles and piles, the main source being of the ash eucalypts from both mature trees and thinnings.
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During the winter of 1926-27, Édouard Lacroix's Madawaska Company used log haulers to move heavy railway equipment overland from Lac-Frontière, Quebec to Churchill Depot and then over frozen Churchill Lake and Eagle Lake. The log haulers delivered two steam locomotives, two Plymouth gasoline-powered switchers, miles of steel rail, and sixty railroad cars for carrying pulpwood. Each railroad car was 32 feet (9.7 m) long with high, slatted sides to hold 12 cords of pulpwood. Three diesel-powered conveyors were built to lift pulpwood logs from Eagle Lake to a height of 25 feet (7.6 m) over a distance of 225 feet (68 m).
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A survey in 1955–56 to determine survival, development, and the reasons for success or failure of conifer pulpwood plantations (mainly of white spruce) in Ontario and Quebec up to 32 years old found that the bulk of the mortality occurred within the first 4 years of planting, unfavourable site and climate being the main causes of failure.Stiell, W.M. 1958. Pulpwood plantations in Ontario and Quebec. Can. Pulp Pap. Assoc.
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The ship, carrying a load of pulpwood, caught fire at Silverdale Green Bay, Newfoundland on the 9th September 1924. She was later broken up at Genoa in September 1925.
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She also speaks at book festivals and events, including the Texas Library Association convention, Southwest Louisiana Writer's Conference, Pulpwood Queens Girlfriend Weekend book conference, and the Texas Book Festival.
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"Heavens to Betsy" (1955, Harper & Row) by Charles Earle Funk Another possible origin comes from the practice of transporting pulpwood on special railroad cars. In the era of slavery, the pulpwood cars were built with an outer frame with the wood being stacked inside in moderately neat rows and stacks. However, given the nature of the cars, it was possible to smuggle persons in the pile itself, possibly giving rise to the term.
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The Cornell Pulpwood Stacker is located at Millyard Park in Cornell, Wisconsin. It was utilized to move pulpwood logs into large piles so they could be sent through waterways to paper mills. The stacker operated at the Cornell Wood Products Mill from 1912 until its obsolescence in 1971. It is listed both on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as on the Wisconsin State Historical Society listing of Cornell Millyard Park.
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Maple is used as pulpwood. The fibers have relatively thick walls that prevent collapsing upon drying. This gives good bulk and opacity in paper. Maple also gives paper good printing properties.
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The mill originated or terminated over 6,000 carloads in 1973, while cumulative pulpwood and lumber loading at Ellsworth, Franklin, Cherryfield, Columbia Falls, Whitneyville, Machias, and Dennysville contributed less half that volume.
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Like other species of pine, Pinus banksiana has use as timber, although its wood tends to be knotty and not highly resistant to decay. Products include pulpwood, fuel, decking, and utility poles.
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Lumber from two sawmills, with a daily capacity of 125,000 board feet (295 m³), goods from basket and stave factories, logs, ties, poles, and pulpwood were shipped in 200 cars per month.
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Kathy L. Patrick is an author, hairdresser, founder of Pulpwood Queens Book Club, and owner of the Jefferson, Texas, hair salon/bookstore, Beauty and the Book. She was born and raised in Kansas.
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Madawaska is a rural town whose economy centers on the Saint John River paper industry. The river historically provided water power for the mills and was the route of log drives bringing pulpwood from upstream forests. The river still provides the water supply for paper manufacture, but environmental concerns encourage pulpwood delivery by highway and rail. Canadian corporation Twin Rivers (originally Fraser Papers) has a large facility located in Madawaska which processes the pulp produced by the mill's other plant in Edmundston.
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Hersey in 1917 Harold Brainerd Hersey (April 11, 1893March 1956) was an American pulp editor and publisher, publishing several volumes of poetry. His pulp industry observations were published in hardback as Pulpwood Editor (1937).
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Woodcutters of the Deep South is the sixth and final feature-length film produced and directed by American independent filmmaker Lionel Rogosin. The film looks at workers who organize to resist exploitation by pulpwood corporations.
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Hybrid canola also requires bee pollination, and some beekeepers service this need. A canola field in Alberta Forestry plays a vital role in Alberta's economy, providing over 15,000 jobs and contributing billions of dollars annually. Uses for harvested timber include pulpwood, hardwood, engineered wood and bioproducts such as chemicals and biofuels. Recently, the United States has been Canada and Alberta's largest importer of hardwood and pulpwood, although continued trades issues with the U.S. have likely been a contributing factor towards Alberta's increased focus on Asian markets.
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Anticipating the need for an economical logging newspaper in the South, Hatton-Brown launched Loggin' Times (later titled Southern Loggin' Times) in 1972. In late 1974, sensing a change in the nature of the traditional pulpwood market, management decided to phase in a new name for Pulpwood Production & Saw Mill Logging. The latter part of the title was dropped and replaced with the words, Timber Harvesting. The journal carried a double title until it went national in 1977 and became more fittingly known as Timber Harvesting.
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Burned land can be sold at a higher price illegally, and eventually used for activities including oil palm and pulpwood production. Burning is also cheaper and faster compared to cutting and clearing using excavators or other machines.
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The Abaco Islands have been long famous for shipbuilding. Their chief exports are lumber, fruit, and pearl shells. Crawfish (Caribbean spiny lobster) are exported to the United States. Pulpwood is shipped to a Florida plant for processing.
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Under the farm forestry scheme, the Company motivates and facilitates the marginal and small farmer to take up pulpwood plantation. The salient features of the Scheme are a supply of quality planting material at subsidized cost, arranging credit facilities for the needy people through banks, providing timely technical advice through a team of qualified professionals, and buy back arrangement with minimum support prices or prevailing market rate at the time of felling, whichever is higher, and harvesting and transport of pulpwood from the farmer's field to Factory at company's cost.
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The area was extensively logged in the early 20th century, and abandoned logging camps can still be found throughout the forest. The Pigeon River Company, the Hughes Brothers Timber Company, and the George W. Mead Company were responsible for the harvest of millions of board feet of White Pine and Northern White Cedar timber, and pulpwood from the black and white spruce found in the forest. Cut pulpwood was usually rafted on Lake Superior to pulp mills in Wisconsin. Wildfires historically played a large part in the formation of the forest's woods.
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Outbound lumber traffic declined from 50,000 tons in 1906 Maine Railroad Commissioners 1906 pp.81&156 to 11,000 tons in 1919.Crittenden 1966 pp.171-2 Pulpwood traffic increased as smaller spruce trees were harvested. The Phillips shop converted two-thirds of the flat cars for loading with 4-foot-long (1.2 meter) pulpwood logs by installing high, slatted sides and ends loosely resembling a stock car with doors and roof removed.Crittenden 1966 pp.200-203 Federal railway post office service between Farmington and Phillips ended 13 March 1917.Crittenden 1966 p.
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168 Freight traffic peaked at 157,809 tons in 1919; but 84 percent of that freight was pulpwood, and demand for pulpwood declined dramatically when federal paper contracts were canceled at the end of World War I. 1919 was the last year of service on the three miles of the former Eustis Railroad beyond Langtown.Crittenden 1966 p.174 Various curtailments of winter service were tried over the following years to reduce operating costs. Winter service was discontinued on the former K&DR; north of Kingfield from 21 December 1921 to 1 May 1922.
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Salvage cuts after forest fires, tornadoes, hurricanes, or other natural disasters are often used for pulpwood. An alternative source of wood for use in Kraft pulping is recovered lumber from demolition, industrial processing of wood and wooden pallets.
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Hydroelectricity is generated by diverting through a mile-long penstock around the former falls. Pulpwood was sluiced over the dam until 1971 when Great Northern Paper Company began trucking the lumber to the mill via the Golden Road.
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Their births had a tremendous impact on tourism in the area. For a province struggling against economic strangulation they were as valuable a resource as gold, nickel, pulpwood, or hydro power. They saved an entire region from bankruptcy.
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Yet, within 20 years, the planted pines did provide a source of pulpwood for the paper mill. The paper mill also benefited from favorable tax legislation on reforestation, construction of hard-surface highways, and low- cost truck transportation.
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Jones (1979) pp. 121 & 341. Pulpwood cutting kept the railroad profitable through World War I, but sustained forest yield was insufficient to pay operating costs. The railroad went into receivership in 1923 and was dismantled from 1934 to 1936.
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About 25% of produced oxalic acid will be used as a mordant in dyeing processes. It is used in bleaches, especially for pulpwood. It is also used in baking powder and as a third reagent in silica analysis instruments.
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Sydney Cotton ran the first airmail service in Newfoundland to Hawke's Bay. In 1933, pulpwood harvesting was established in the area by the International Pulp and Paper Company. The first Postmistress was Miss Dorothea Desse Hoddinott who died in August 2003.
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Before 1900 it was a source for poles, pilings, posts, sawlogs, flooring, plywood, pulpwood and naval stores (tapped for turpentine). Currently heart pine for building and woodworking is procured by reclaiming old lumber and recovering logs, felled pre-1900, from rivers.
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Paper demand declined through the Great Depression until pulpwood transfer ceased in 1933 after the railroad had carried nearly a million cords of pulpwood. The Plymouth switchers found work elsewhere while the steam locomotives waited in the engine house for improved economic conditions. Great Northern found trucks more cost effective than restoring the railroad when business returned following World War II. The trestle gradually collapsed into Chamberlain Lake, but Maine Forest Service employees continued using a motor vehicle over the two miles of track between Eagle Lake and Chamberlain Lake.Smith, Dwight A. Northern Rails (1967) p.
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Edmundston is a rural town whose economy centres on the Saint John River paper industry. The river historically provided water power for the mills and was the route of log drives bringing pulpwood from upstream forests. The river still provides the water supply for paper manufacture, but environmental concerns encourage pulpwood delivery by highway and rail. Forestry is one of the city's major industries, with several sawmills and paper plants in the vicinity, the largest being the Twin Rivers pulp mill, formerly owned by Fraser Papers, now owned by Norbord, by way of Noranda Forest (1998) and Nexfor (2004).
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From the 1900 to present day smaller sawmills operated and contributed to the local economy. In the 1940s and 1950s many residents engaged in producing pulpwood for export to Germany. Starting in the 1960s to the present day the production, haulage, and trucking of pulpwood for the papermills at Corner Brook and Grand Falls, has provided the majority of employment to the people of King's Point. Subsistence farming provided part of a living to early residents and gradually evolved into the commercial farming ventures that are significant contributor to the economies of King's Point and Rattling Brook today.
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Ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen sources for Pinus radiata and Picea glauca. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 32(6):879–884. than did the same amount of nitrate nitrogen. Swan (1960)Swan, H.S.D. 1960. The mineral nutrition of Canadian pulpwood species. 1.
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Pennington, M. & Scott, L. (1977). The Courthouse Burned: Buckingham County. Waynesboro: McClung. In the 21st century, large tracts of land are held by companies such as WestVaco, which sell pulpwood and other timber products to the paper mills and wood product producers.
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Diversified farming gave way to cattle raising and watermelon crops by 1950. The Mineola Watermelon Festival began in 1948. Subsequently, sweet-potato farming, a creamery, a nursery, and a company that supplies poles and pulpwood to the telephone company helped the economy.
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Studies in forest pathology. XXII. Nutrient deficiencies and climatic factors causing low volume production and active deterioration in white spruce. Can. Dep. Agric., For. Biol. Div., Ottawa ON, Publ. 1067. 29 p. \- Swan, H.S.D. 1960. The mineral nutrition of Canadian pulpwood species. 1.
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Ashford is a town in Houston County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town was incorporated in June 1891. For most of its history, it was a center for naval stores production, pulpwood harvesting, and cotton agriculture.
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A village of the Timucua people was once located south of the present city and at Manatee Springs. The area's economy is traditionally based on agriculture, primarily farming (peanuts, watermelons, hay); ranching (cattle, hogs); dairy (milk); timber (pulpwood, lumber, turpentine) and aquaculture (fishing, oystering, crabbing).
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Eucalypts have been grown in plantations in many other countries because they are fast growing and have valuable timber, or can be used for pulpwood, for honey production or essential oils. In some countries, however, they have been removed because they are highly flammable.
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It was used to move large quantities of pulpwood logs, making the process of stacking wood faster, safer, and easier. The stacker has been unused since 1972, but is considered a historical treasure. An annual town fair, known as the Stacker Festival, continues today.
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Supplies to operate the railroad arrived from the opposite direction. National railway system deliveries to Greenville, Maine were transported over 45 miles of road, and then across Chesuncook Lake on the side-wheel steamboat A. B. Smith. Great Northern Paper Company built the Chesuncook and Chamberlain Lake Railroad from the steam boat landing at the north end of Chesuncook Lake along the eastern shore of Umbazooksus Lake to the pulpwood unloading pier at the north end of Umbazooksus Lake. Both steam locomotives had been converted to burn oil, so drums of petroleum products to fuel the pulpwood conveyors, switchers and steam locomotives became a major freight commodity over Chesuncook Lake.
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Like other Upper Peninsula state forests, Copper Country is made up of clear cut parcels of forest land in thinly settled portions of counties such as Baraga County and Dickinson County. The state of Michigan acquired these land parcels after they had been stripped of their old growth trees in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; today, the state manages the land for reforestation. In many cases, the second-growth trees that have sprouted throughout Copper Country land are pulpwood trees such as aspen and birch. In addition to pulpwood logging, the Copper Country land is valuable for active recreation, such as camping, fishing, and hunting.
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In 1918 the Pere Marquette 16 was sold to the Hammermill Paper Company of Erie, Pennsylvania where she was cut down to a bulk freighter for use in the pulpwood trade, and was renamed Harriet B. In 1921 the Harriet B. was reduced to a barge.
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The most common fiber source for pulp mills is pulpwood. Other common sources are bagasse and fibre crops. The first step in all mills using wood (trees) as the fiber source is to remove the bark. Bark contains relatively few usable fibers and darkens the pulp.
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Since 2000, Jefferson has been the location for the Pulpwood Queens Book Club Girlfriend Weekend's annual conference, attracting authors from all around the country.Texas Observer, "Fake Fur, Big Hair and La Vie Littéraire," February 16, 2010 Home of the famous TJ Blackburn Syrup Works since 1927.
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Patrols lasting up to ten-days were made on snowshoes through the winter months and by canoe or on foot during the summer.Jackson (2007) p.6 The area had been logged in the early 19th century, and Édouard Lacroix began cutting second-growth hardwood and pulpwood in 1926.
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The species is widely grown in southern Africa, and its leaves are used for the production of distilled eucalyptus oil. The oil is high in cineole (75–84%).Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, Eucalyptus Leaf Oils, 1991, E. smithii also shows some promise in the pulpwood industry.
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No pulpwood trains ever ran to Seboomook Lake. The railroad was ultimately used by a Ford truck with flanged wheels to deliver supplies from the lake to logging camps through World War II, and rails were removed converting the right of way to a truck road after the war.
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This facility is located across the road from the mainline and freight yard on the site of a former pulpwood loading yard that the company used to load pulpwood onto flatcars for transport to paper mills. The company also installed a state-of-the-art weigh-in-motion scale near its Waco Mill Yard in 2002 that weighs trains after being activated by a radio link from the locomotive. It lets the crews know it's working by activating the yellow and red signals and by speaking a computer radio message over the road channel. The scales transmit a weight chart to the office downtown so they will know which cars are overloaded and which ones are not.
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Current rail customers served by the Wiregrass Central remain relatively unchanged from the initial startup of the operation in 1987. However, during the first five years of existence, the railroad served an aggregates consumer closer to Daleville, carried pulpwood from a woodyard near Clintonville (west of Enterprise), as well as additional peanut mills in Enterprise proper. With the decline in popularity of smaller volume railcar shipments during the 1990s, in addition to trucks being favored as a more flexible alternative to pulpwood shipment via railcar, these on line customers soon ceased rail shipments. This left only the current pair of feed mills and single peanut processor as the remaining source of daily traffic by 1996.
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The fiber length of the cellulose fiber is the most important parameter of the pulpwood and determines what it may be used for. The first separation is into softwood and hardwood, that have long and short fibers respectively. In paper production fiber from softwood give tensile strength and fibers from hardwood give opacity.
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Duluth News Tribune September 22, 2004, p. 2B. According to the US Census Bureau, Aroostook County has a smaller overall area (which includes interior waters and adjacent waters) but a greater land area. St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism.
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Granville was badly damaged and set on fire. She was towed into Cherbourg, France after the fire had been extinguished. In 1952, she made her first voyage to the Great Lakes, delivering a cargo of china clay to Muskegon, Michigan. In 1953, she delivered a cargo of pulpwood to Port Huron, Michigan.
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The company was to engage in trade in round timber, pit props and pulpwood. Wiik acted as a buyer, and Höglund, having studied at a commercial college and spent some time in England in 1928, was responsible for sales and bookkeeping. Though they had a prosperous first year in business the company also faced periodic difficulties, for example during the Depression years of 1930-1933. However, in the late 1930s, the company expanded fast, and became one of the major round timber exporters in Finland, with Emil Höglund travelling as a salesman to Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Britain. By 1939 Wiik & Höglund was the biggest timber exporter in Finland, accounting for 26% of the country's total lumber exports and some 20% of pulpwood exports.
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Its annual convention, Girlfriend Weekend, is held each January. Pat Conroy, author of Prince of Tides and South of Broad, was a keynote speaker at the 2010 conference.Dallas News, "Pat Conroy to Meet Pulpwood Queens in Jefferson, Texas," October 22, 2009 Conroy returned in 2011 and was joined by 40 other authors, including New York Times bestsellers Fannie Flagg, author of Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistlestop Cafe, Jamie Ford, who penned Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, and Jeannette Walls, whose first book, The Glass Castle, stayed on the New York Times bestseller list for 100 weeks.Dallas News, "A Sneak Peek at the Pulpwood Queens Reading List," January 12, 2010 As a result, the 2011 event sold out.
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Barnjum was born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Francis Barnum and Leonora Pryor. Barnjum married Bertha L. Clement. He was extensively involved in lumbering in Nova Scotia and became a millionaire. Barnjum, a proponent of forest conservation and reforestation known as the "Canadian Forestry Crusader", opposed the export of pulpwood to the United States.
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Seasonal cutting and exports of timber from scows continued into the 1940s. The last year-round resident left in 1943, although the descendants of several Eatonville families maintain cabins in the area. The surrounding forests were logged by various Cumberland County Mills but especially for pulpwood by the Scott Paper Company until the 1980s.
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It is grown and marketed mainly as pulpwood. It is commonly used as an ornamental tree in landscaping because of its fast growth and pleasing appearance; it is planted with little regard to soil type. The acorns provide food for raccoons, white-tailed deer, wild turkeys, squirrels, ducks, bobwhite quail, and small birds and rodents.
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The Sundarbans plays an important role in the economy of the southwestern region of Bangladesh as well as in the national economy. It is the single largest source of forest produce in the country. The forest provides raw materials for wood-based industries. In addition to traditional forest produce like timber, fuelwood, pulpwood etc.
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The Kaolin Road used to also own cushion underframe boxcars but they were all retired and sold to Norfolk Southern. The other fleet of railcars the company owns is a fleet of large and small covered hoppers used to transport bulk (powder) kaolin clay and a fleet of open-top hoppers for transporting pulpwood chips to paper mills.
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The commercial value of the railroad was felt from the beginning. The economy depended on the production of cotton, lumber, and, ultimately, a wide variety of wood products, including pulpwood, piling, pallets, broom handle squares, ammunition boxes, and U.S. Army pup tent poles. The financial make-up of the community was divided for several decades into owners and sharecroppers.
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Tree height is measured to a merchantable top, the point at which a tree can be accepted for use by a sawmill. This point can be reached either by defects (extreme sweep, crook, deviating branching, or other defects) or at a diameter limit for very straight trees. A common cutoff is diameter, which is acceptable for pulpwood.
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The USES operated originally in only a few states but by World War II, it was operating in all states and played a major role in providing jobs during the war. In the United States home front during World War II, the service coordinated employment of prisoners of war (e.g., using German POWs at Gettysburg for local pulpwood cutting).
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In Indonesia (mainly in Sumatra) and in Malaysia (mainly in Sabah), plantations of A. mangium are being established to supply pulpwood to the paper industry. Acacia wood pulp gives high opacity and below average bulk paper. This is suitable in lightweight offset papers used for Bibles and dictionaries. It is also used in paper tissue where it improves softness.
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Lowndes County is included in the Valdosta, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located along the Florida border. The county is a major commercial, educational, and manufacturing center of south Georgia with considerable forest products including pulpwood and naval stores, such as turpentine and rosin. Part of Grand Bay, a swamp, is located in Lowndes County.
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Mark Rowsell was the local merchant, but many residents traded at Pilley's Island or Little Bay Islands. In 1937 Roberts Arm became a major center for pulpwood. Bowater came to town under the supervision of A. J. Hewlett who was born and raised there. Men from other communities working in Tommy's Arm moved to Roberts Arm with their families.
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The Eagle Lake and West Branch Railroad was a forest railway built to transfer pulpwood between drainage basins in the Maine North Woods. The railroad operated only a few years in a location so remote the steam locomotives were never scrapped and remain exposed to the elements. Its tracks were located in Penobscot County and Piscataquis County.
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Each conveyor could fill a railroad car in 18 minutes.Pike, Robert E. Tall Trees, Tough Men W.W.Norton & Company (1999) p.164 Lacroix completed the Umbazooksus and Eagle Lake Railroad to a pulpwood-unloading trestle at the north end of Umbazooksus Lake.Rice, Douglas M. Log and Lumber Railroads of New England (3rd edition) The 470 Railroad Club (1982) -p.
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It was built in 1915 by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. At its peak in the 1920s and 1930s the railroad spur was used for shipping produce and pulpwood. It ceased use as a passenger depot in 1935. Up until the 1990s, the town's administrative office, municipal court and police department were housed in the depot.
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The pulpwood operations owned by Bowater closed, causing many to leave the area. In the 1980s, a crab plant was opened up to provide employment for the community, but in the late 1980s a fire destroyed it and the sawmill. By 1992, the sawmill was running again, the crab plant had been rebuilt, but was not operating.
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The economy of Säffle is largely based on industry. Säffle has continued to grow as the pulpwood industry has expanded in Sweden. The pulp mill in Säffle has been a major driving force in the local economy. In the early 19th Century there was also a brickworks in Säffle, which supplied the town with facing bricks.
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Brunet Island State Park is adjacent to the city. The northern trailhead for the Old Abe State Trail, a paved rail-trail, is located downtown. Cornell has the world's only surviving pulpwood stacker. The stacker helped to launch the huge timber industry in the Northwoods of Wisconsin in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
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The wood is used for general construction. The pulpwood produces certain resins that are used as artificial vanilla flavouring (vanillin). The resin is also used to make turpentine and related products, and is used medicinally to treat a variety respiratory and internal ailments, such as kidney and bladder upsets, wounds, and sores. The bark is a source of tannin.
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The Great Walton Railroad is a class III railroad that operates of track in Georgia, United States. In addition to its own line between Monroe and Social Circle, Georgia, the railroad operates the Athens Line, LLC and the Hartwell Railroad. Clay, feldspar, grain, machinery, fertilizer, woodchips, plastics, pulpwood, and silica are carried by the railroad, generating around 3,650 annual carloads.
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Stockton is an unincorporated community in Lanier County, Georgia, United States. Stockton is located in the far southern portion of the state on U.S. Highway 84, near Valdosta and Lakeland. The surrounding area produces tobacco, turpentine, pine lumber, and pulpwood. Moody Air Force Base is located nearby, and transport is provided mainly by U.S. Route 84 and U.S. Route 129.
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A black liquor sample In industrial chemistry, black liquor is the by-product from the kraft process when digesting pulpwood into paper pulp removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood to free the cellulose fibers. The equivalent material in the sulfite process is usually called brown liquor, but the terms red liquor, thick liquor and sulfite liquor are also used.
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A son of U.S. Senator William E. Chandler donated the original parcel, about , to the town in 1919. Additional property has been added over time. Since 1928 it has been managed by the Chandler Reservation Committee, an elected board. The area was logged at various times and in the 1930s the Civilian Conservation Corps was involved in creating pulpwood plantations and trails.
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These trains originate in Kostomuksha, Russia, and terminate in Kokkola, Finland, where the ore is transloaded in to bulk ships. Previously taconite train also ran to Rautaruukki steel mill in Raahe, but this traffic ceased early in 2007, when Rautaruukki decided to order the taconite from LKAB in Sweden. Other primary commodities carried on the line is timber and pulpwood.
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In 1944 one of the first industrial users, Bloedel Stewart and Welch Ltd. in British Columbia had 112 chain saws in operation, but their use accounted for only a small part of total forestry tree cutting. In 1950 less than one percent of pulpwood in Canada was cut with chain saws. However, by 1955 this figure had grown to more than 50%.
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Kapuskasing lies in the heart of the Great Clay Belt. The topography of the region is very flat, dotted with numerous small lakes and muskeg bogs. Also in the heart of Canada's boreal forest, the region is drained by rivers running north to James Bay. The district is heavily forested, mostly by thick stands of black spruce that have commercial value as pulpwood.
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Fire destroyed the construction camp and power project at Sturgeon Falls. A year's supply of pulpwood that was boomed up in the river was washed away in the spring flood. A fire at the new mill killed two workers and brought production to a halt. In 1923, a water storage and hydro electric dam was built by Morrow and Beatty Ltd.
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Forest plantations are generally intended for the production of timber and pulpwood. Commonly mono-specific and/or composed of introduced tree species, these ecosystems are not generally important as habitat for native biodiversity. However, they can be managed in ways that enhance their biodiversity protection functions and they can provide ecosystem services such as maintaining nutrient capital, protecting watersheds and soil structure, and storing carbon.
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Timbercorp, a now-defunct managed investment scheme within Australia from 1999 to 2008, was established to manage superannuation and investments in agriculture. The consortium of companies were placed into public administration on 23 April 2009 and is currently being wound up by administrators.Timbercorp Limited In Liquidation Korda Mentha. Over 40 businesses were operated by Timbercorp, including silviculture, pulpwood timber, avocados, olives, almonds and other agribusiness schemes.
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Herminio Disini, a Marcos crony known for his tobacco monopoly, also had dealings with agriculture and logging. Disini had timber and pulpwood operations in Abra and Kalinga-Apayao in Northern Luzon. Hundreds of families and indigenous groups were evicted for the benefit of his company, backed by presidential degrees. In 1973, Disini's company Cellophil Resources Corp, (CRC) was granted logging concessions in Abra and Kalinga-Apayao.
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Walter McMillian, who was born on October 27, 1941, lived in a black settlement near Monroeville where he "grew up picking cotton." Monroe County was described by The Guardian as "a remote, dirt-poor region of pine trees and bean farms". McMillian purchased logging and paper mill equipment and became a "moderately successful businessman". He was described by The New Yorker as a black pulpwood worker.
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White birch at Acadia National Park in Maine Betula papyrifera has a moderately heavy white wood. It makes excellent high-yielding firewood if seasoned properly. The dried wood has a density of and an energy density . Although paper birch does not have a very high overall economic value, it is used in furniture, flooring, popsicle sticks, pulpwood (for paper), plywood, and oriented strand board.
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The area was settled before 1786, but that was the year of any definite settlement, located by Hagedorns Mills. The town was formed from part of the Town of Galway in 1796. The early economy was based on forestry with the harvesting of lumber, and the manufacture of pulpwood being important. It is currently under consideration for a municipal wireless broadband network to be built in it.
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Eventually the Central of Georgia was acquired by the Southern, and later became part of Norfolk Southern. The line was cut back to White Oak February 28, 1986. The Georgia & Alabama railroad began operation on June 1, 1989 under the Thoroughbred Shortline Program between Smithville and White Oak. Freight included peanuts, aggregates, pulpwood, and cement, which generated approximately 3,300 annual carloads for the line in 1995.
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Pollen: 82 A Swedish subsidiary was established on 1 May 1970 with responsibility for procuring pulpwood from Sweden. Within a few years imports reached .Pollen: 52 The acquisitions resulted in Nordenfjelske becoming a concern, where the factor at Fiborgtangen merely was the largest mill. The group took the name Norske Skogindustrier ("Norwegian Forest Industries") and started trading as Norske Skog on 28 April 1972.
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Dissolving pulp is mainly produced chemically from pulpwood in a process that has a low yield (30 - 35% of the wood). This makes up of about 85 - 88% of the production. Dissolving pulp is made from the sulfite process or the kraft process with an acid prehydrolysis step to remove hemicelluloses. For the highest quality, it should be derived from fast-grown hardwoods with low non-cellulose content.
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A blight, discovered in 1912, progressed to the point that by 1922 foresters were salvaging the tree before its destruction by the blight. Pulpwood and extractwood contractors cut about 200,000 cords of wood on the Glenwood land between 1930 and 1950. The district sold almost 75,000 million board feet of chestnut in its first 38 years, and by 1951 only an estimated 4400 million board feet remained in the district.
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From 1907 to 1923, Booth maintained a large pulpwood depot in Elk Lake. In the spring of 1930, Booth completed the last log drive on the Montreal River shortly after he sold his local interest to the E.B. Eddy Company. The Indian Chute Generating Station was constructed on the Montreal River in 1923, north- west of Elk Lake. Today, Elk Lake's economy continues to be driven by a sustainable forest industry.
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In Uruguay this species is now very rare (175 plants on a single hill) due to habitat loss due to agricultural activities such as cattle ranching and forestry (pulpwood plantations of eucalyptus). Sheep and cattle eat the seedlings, preventing recruitment. As of 2017, like all four species of Butia native to Uruguay, it is protected by law. Adult palms may not be felled or moved without government permission.
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The pulp and paper industry is a major demand driver for certain species of tree such as Eucalyptus, Babul Acacia catechu, Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) and Casuarina equisetifolia. As a rough estimate, the total demand for pulpwood is approximately 10 million ADMT (wood having 10% moisture). The Indian Paper Manufacturer's Association is an umbrella organization that coordinates and drives plantation efforts by member organizations in India to supply its industrial requirements.
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Currently the Tomahawk Railway operates 6 miles of track, providing daily service to the pulpboard mill at Wisconsin Dam, owned by Packaging Corporation of America, as well as its own 105,000-square-foot warehouse located in Tomahawk. The TR handles over eight thousand carloads annually, consisting of coal, chemicals, scrap paper, woodpulp and pulpwood inbound, as well as pulpboard outbound from Wisconsin Dam to its connection with CN at Tomahawk.
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913-914 in: The Jepson Manual, 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. In Portugal and also Spain, eucalypts have been planted in plantations for the production of pulpwood. Eucalyptus are the basis for several industries, such as sawmilling, pulp, charcoal and others. Several species have become invasive and are causing major problems for local ecosystems, mainly due to the absence of wildlife corridors and rotations management.
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They can be chopped off at the root and grow back again. They provide many desirable characteristics for use as ornament, timber, firewood and pulpwood. Eucaplytus wood is also used in a number of industries, from fence posts (where the oil-rich wood's high resistance to decay is valued) and charcoal to cellulose extraction for biofuels. Fast growth also makes eucalypts suitable as windbreaks and to reduce erosion.
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Located near to the equator, temperatures vary little during the year, typically with a high of 90° and low of 74° in each month. Rainfall ranges from under in February to in September, totalling about per year.MSN Weather: Tebing Tinggi, IDN The land is flat. At one time it was entirely covered by peat swamps and dense forest, but it is rapidly being cleared for pulpwood and palm oil plantations.
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The bottom of Crescent Lake is reported to be covered in wooden logs from when logging took place in the community. For decades, Crescent Lake was used to transport more than half a million cords of pulpwood that was harvested from the surrounding areas and shipped to paper mills. Some speculate that bubbles of gas from the decomposing wood lifts these logs to the surface of the lake.
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Both companies are owned by the same shareholders and as with the current subsidiaries, function as separate departments within a large company rather than as completely independent companies. The Simpson Lumber Company conducted logging operations and was based in Shelton, Washington. Four mills were sold to Interfor and the Shelton property was sold to Sierra Pacific Industries.Interfor purchases four U.S. sawmills The "Simpson Tacoma Kraft Company" produced pulpwood and linerboard products.
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Prince was honorably discharged on June 15, 1945, and returned to his home on the Brokenhead Reserve, working in a pulpwood camp. In 1946 a woman attacked him at a dance and cut his cheek with a beer bottle, requiring 64 stitches. After this incident he left the reserve and moved to Winnipeg. Using funding from the Department of Veteran's Affairs, Prince began a small but relatively prosperous cleaning service.
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For most of its existence employment to the town has been limited to logging, to supply the local sawmills and for pulpwood. After Gros Morne National Park was established, tourism has become an important industry to the town. The community is just south of the park boundary and the Bonne Bay Development Association has established a museum and a pioneer village there. The community also provides some tourism services.
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In Uruguay this species is now very rare (300 plants) due to habitat loss due to agricultural activities such as cattle ranching and forestry (pulpwood plantations of eucalyptus). Sheep and cattle eat the seedlings, preventing recruitment. Brussa & Grela consider it (as B. paraguayensis) to be endangered in Uruguay in their Flora del Arbórea Uruguay. As of 2017, like all four species of Butia native to Uruguay, it is protected by law.
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Cut-to-length logging is the process of felling, delimbing, bucking, and sorting (pulpwood, sawlog, etc.) at the stump area, leaving limbs and tops in the forest. Mechanical harvesters fell the tree, delimb, and buck it, and place the resulting logs in bunks to be brought to the landing by a skidder or forwarder. This method is routinely available for trees up to in diameter. Harvesters are employed effectively in level to moderately steep terrain.
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Wood-free paper(printing) is paper created exclusively from chemical pulp rather than mechanical pulp. Chemical pulp is normally made from pulpwood, but is not considered wood as most of the lignin is removed and separated from the cellulose fibers during processing, whereas mechanical pulp retains most of its wood components and can therefore still be described as wood. Wood-free paper is not as susceptible to yellowing as paper containing mechanical pulp.
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They service the many Kaolin processing plants in the area such as the Kentucky Tennessee Clay Company and Imerys Pigments Plant 2 both in Deepstep, and the Imerys Pigments Plant 1, KaMin LLC., Burgess Pigment Company, and Thiele Kaolin Company plants, all in Sandersville. The Railroad also services Bulk Chemical Services, Fulghum Fibers Pulpwood Chip Mill, and the two Duraline pipe manufacturing plants. The profitable road also handles inbound and outbound grain shipments.
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The timber of Parkia bicolor is not highly esteemed but is used to make planks, canoes and for light construction work, joinery and turnery. Additionally, it is used to make plywood and pulpwood. The flesh of the fruit can be eaten, and the seeds can be fermented to make a condiment. The bark, leaves and roots are all used in traditional medicine and the spreading crown makes this a useful shade tree.
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Pulpwood was practically the only business on the Laona Line by the end of 1961. Traffic volume continued to drop off until operation was reduced to a single train a week. In 1979, the ICC gave C&NW; permission to abandon the line. As reported in the Summer 1983 Northwestern Line Magazine, a 37.79-mile segment of the line between Wabeno and Tipler was sold for continued operation as a short line.
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Today, the second-growth forests of the Abbaye Peninsula are managed for the production of pulpwood. The thickly wooded peninsula is almost uninhabited, with no paved roads offering access to any point within the rocky promontory. Gravel roads allow extraction of pulp logs; the graded pathways can be driven by four-wheel-drive vehicles and, in winter, by snowmobiles. Parcels of land within the peninsula are located within the Copper Country State Forest.
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Perhaps Badger's most important role in logging was that it was from there that the "Badger Drive" was conducted. This log drive took place on the Exploits River between Badger and Grand Falls and was carried on between 1908–1991. It was famously described by John Valentine Devine in his song The Badger Drive. Most all of the pulpwood from Millertown and Badger divisions west of Badger had to pass through the area.
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The tourism, fishing, fur, pulpwood, forestry, agricultural grains, livestock, dairy and poultry product industries all support Meadow Lake which boasted seven grain elevators in 1955. Meadow Lake was processing three million bushels of grain in 1953, the highest amount for a single Canadian community. Currently the city's heavy industry is dominated by the primary forestry industry and related service companies, including trucking and forestry management companies. The forest companies include NorSask Forest Products Inc.
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Irving Randall Todd (December 15, 1861 - December 27, 1932) was a Canadian lumber merchant and politician. Born in Milltown, New Brunswick, the son of Charles F. and Annie M. (Porter) Todd, Todd was educated at Hallowell Classical School, New Brunswick High School in Milltown and St. Stephen. When he was eighteen, he entered into business with his father. He worked for the Eastern Pulpwood Company and was president of Fundy Fisheries Company.
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Climax #2 arrived at South Terminal on July 6, but Baldwin #1 was returned to the manufacturer. of track were laid before construction was halted in the autumn of 1922. Telephone line was strung in 1923, but the Climax rested in the engine house until construction resumed in 1926. Construction was again halted when rails reached Fourth Saint John Pond as attention shifted to pulpwood delivery over the Eagle Lake and West Branch Railroad.
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183 In 1928 Oxford Paper Company began shipping pulpwood from Barnjum to their mill in Rumford Falls. The receivers operated extra winter trains to Barnjum, and were encouraged to resume full year service over the former P&R; commencing 20 May 1929.Jones 1980 p.237 The last steam train left Rangeley in May 1931 and railcar service over the former P&R; north of Phillips ended in the autumn of 1931.
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Two passenger train sets were required for this service. The first consisted of baggage #10, RPO #25, and one or two coaches. A couple of bench seats at one end of baggage-RPO #11 provided smoking accommodation for the second train set. Freight traffic in 1913 was 18% outbound lumber, 15% outbound pulpwood, 15% inbound coal, 11% outbound apples and canned corn, 11% manufactured goods, 10% feed & grain, 10% express, and 2% inbound petroleum products.
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It was stored around 1960, and in 1965 it was modified to cement wagon KCC 170.Norm Bray, Peter J Vincent & Daryl M Gregory, 2009, Fixed Wheel Freight Wagons of Victoria K-Z, p52, KPW 1, the pulpwood wagon, was converted from open wagon IA 11350 in 1967. It had tall ends but no sides, instead having three removable fence panels each side. It is thought that the primary traffic was from Colac.
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Albany Port in Western Australia The raw materials of woodchips can be pulpwood, waste wood, and residual wood from agriculture, landscaping, logging, and sawmills. Woodchips can also be produced from remaining forestry materials including tree crowns, branches, unsaleable materials or undersized trees.Wood chipperForestry operations provide the raw materials needed for woodchip production. Almost any tree can be converted into woodchips, however, the type and quality of the wood used to produce woodchips depends largely on the market.
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The state is the nation's largest producer of sugar beets, sweet corn, and peas for processing, and farm-raised turkeys. Minnesota is also a large producer of corn and soybeans, and has the most food cooperatives per capita in the United States. Forestry remains strong, including logging, pulpwood processing and paper production, and forest products manufacturing. Minnesota was famous for its soft-ore mines, which produced a significant portion of the world's iron ore for more than a century.
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Moran is an unincorporated community in Prince Edward County, Virginia, United States. Moran is in a fairly remote section of the Virginia countryside and was one time a bustling area called "Beck" with a rural post office. At that time the village was very active with the main industries being tobacco and pulpwood that was cut and shipped on the railroad. The Norfolk and Western gave up the spur line because of economic conditions and even removed the tracks.
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After the olympics in 1972 he played professional for Atletico de Madrid until 1975. From 1975 till 1983 he worked with Scandinavian Bulk Traders AS. Scanfiber AS in 1983, a trading company within the forestry industry. Scanfiber AS is importing wood rawmaterial for the pulp and paper industry in Europe from overseas sources including trading of pulpwood inside Europe. Per Axel Ankre is married to Maria Katharina Schenk and have 2 sons from a previous marriage.
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The Pulpwood Queens is a meet-and-greet book club founded in early 2000 in Jefferson, Texas, by Kathy L. Patrick in a combined beauty salon and bookstore, Beauty and the Book. In a joint effort with Random House, the club spawned an Internet book club show that began in January 2011, Beauty and the Book: Where Reading is Always in Style."Beauty and the Book Show," hosted by Kathy Patrick, airs on the Internet, on www.BeautyAndTheBookShow.com .
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When first scientifically described, Paropsisterna selmani was already a pest in both Tasmania and Ireland, causing significant defoliation, and so also in Surrey in 2015. Eucalyptus species are economically important worldwide as a fast-growing source of timber, pulpwood and other products. Paropsisterna selmani is an elliptical beetle up to 9mm long, orange to brown, generally with a yellowish ring of marks towards the tipe of the elytra. Larvae are typical chrysomelid grubs, generally orange- brown.
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The Manistique and Lake Superior Railroad (M&LS;) was an American Class III railroad serving the Upper Peninsula of Michigan from 1909 to 1968. It provided service from Manistique, Michigan to a junction with the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway at Doty, Michigan, southeast of Munising, Michigan. Its nickname was The Haywire. The M&LS; was chartered in 1909 to penetrate what was then a booming lumber and pulpwood region of the central Upper Peninsula.
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The 1919 tug Butterfield was built for World War I, but was sold for the Lake Superior pulpwood trade. During World War II, the boat was taken into government service as the USAT Butterfield, LT-145, serving in the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea. The Roen Steamship Company acquired the tug, renaming it John Purves (after the firm's general manager) and using it as a salvage vessel. It was later donated to the Door County Maritime Museum.
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Wayagamack was successful until the Great Depression when the paper market collapsed. The island property was taken over by Consolidated Paper Corporation Limited in 1931, but they showed little interest in it and put it up for sale. Offers came from Canadian, American, British, French and Belgian parties. In July 1937, an offer was received from a consortium of Dutch and German capitalists who intended to build a sulphite mill and wanted a steady supply of pulpwood and access to Canadian capital.
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The Crowes branch saw a single mixed train daily. The arrival of the Great Depression and competition from motor vehicles saw traffic decline to a point where only one train each way operated over the line three days a week. Increased wartime loadings saw traffic increase to two trains each way daily, however this improvement was only temporary. By the time the railway closed, the timetable listed only one train each way a week, and most of the traffic was pulpwood.
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Black spruce is the provincial tree of Newfoundland and Labrador. The timber is of low value due to the small size of the trees, but it is an important source of pulpwood and the primary source of it in Canada. Fast-food chopsticks are often made from black spruce. However, it is increasingly being used for making cross laminated timber by companies such as Nordic Structures, which allows the high strength due to the tight growth rings to be assembled into larger timbers.
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The mountain was logged in the late 19th century. Timber was moved down-slope in ice-covered wooden sluices. Logs, lumber, and pulpwood were shipped on the narrow-gauge Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad. F-101B fighter similar to the one which crashed on Mount Abraham A McDonnell F-101B Voodoo of the 60th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron out of Otis AFB, Massachusetts, crashed onto the mountain after colliding with another F-101B during a cross-country formation flight on 14 November 1967.
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The Harriet B. with a cargo of pulpwood The Shenango No.2 (Official number 116695) was built in 1895 in Toledo, Ohio by the Craig Shipbuilding Company. She was built for the United States & Ontario Steam Navigation Company of Conneaut, Ohio, a subsidiary Pittsburgh, Shenango & Lake Erie Railroad Company. At an overall length of , and a between perpendiculars length of the Shenango No.2 was one of the largest wooden ships ever built. She had a beam of , and her hull was deep.
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The wood is very compact and fine-grained, the heartwood being reddish, and, when cut into planks, marked transversely with blackish belts. Sweetgum is used principally for lumber, veneer, plywood, slack cooperage, fuel, and pulpwood. The lumber is made into boxes and crates, furniture, cabinets for radios, televisions, and phonographs, interior trim, and millwork. The veneer and plywood, (typically backed with some other kind of wood which shrinks and warps less) are used for boxes, pallets, crates, baskets, and interior woodwork.
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Maine Central railroad purchased the Mount Kineo House with the Somerset Railway; and the railway became the Kineo branch of the Maine Central Railroad in 1911. Aboriginal forests had been converted to lumber and pulpwood before the last passenger train over the branch ran in September, 1933; and the line north of Bingham was dismantled that year. The Mount Kineo House was razed in 1938. Mount Kineo was not the only destination sought by passengers on the Old Somerset Railroad.
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Betula papyrifera (paper birch, also known as (American) white birch and canoe birch) is a short-lived species of birch native to northern North America. Paper birch is named for the tree's thin white bark, which often peels in paper like layers from the trunk. Paper birch is often one of the first species to colonize a burned area within the northern latitudes, and is an important species for moose browsing. The wood is often used for pulpwood and firewood.
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After the old-growth timber of the central U.P. had been harvested, the transportation needs of the local area served by the Manistique & Lake Superior declined. While the cold, swampy region continued to yield pulpwood, the construction of M-94 generally parallel to the M&LS; right-of-way further reduced the need for the little railroad. By the 1960s, the Manistique & Lake Superior had been reduced to only one working locomotive. The railroad and its car ferry ceased operations in July 1968.
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The bridge created a new obstacle for navigation, but a swing span in the bridge allowed large vessels to pass. The Morrissy Bridge was badly damaged on 5 November 1971 when the Panamanian registered Liberty Ship Grand Valor struck the second pier of the bridge while departing the Newcastle Wharf with a load of pulpwood. Several heavy trusses were knocked out and the swing span was moved off its bearing pad. Repairs took three weeks and the vessel was arrested and later released.
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The Crowes branch saw a single mixed train daily. The onset of the Great Depression, and competition from motor vehicles, saw traffic decline to a point where only one train each way operated over the line three days a week. Increased wartime loadings saw traffic increase to two trains each way daily, but that was only temporary. By the time the railway closed, the timetable listed only one train each way a week, and most of the traffic was pulpwood.
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Ballina railway station is located on the N26 beside the bus station. Departing trains stop at Foxford before terminating at Manulla junction where passengers can connect to trains going to Castlebar, Westport or Dublin (Heuston Station). Trains to Dublin operate three times daily and on Friday evenings a train operates direct from Dublin to Ballina. Ballina is a major rail freight hub, with a direct freight line from the town to Waterford Port transporting pulpwood for Coillte, and as of late 2009, a direct Dublin Port line.
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In the nineteenth century the county was settled more heavily by people migrating from the Tidewater area. It was devoted chiefly to plantations, worked by enslaved African Americans. These were converted from tobacco cultivation to mixed farming and pulpwood harvesting as the markets changed and the soil became exhausted from tobacco. These new types of uses required fewer slaves, and many were sold from the Upper South in the domestic slave trade to the Deep South, where cotton cultivation expanded dramatically in the antebellum period.
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The company's innovations included a pulpwood grinding machine still known throughout the paper industry as Great Northern grinders. In the 1910s Great Northern built the Ripogenus Dam and power plant on the West Branch of the Penobscot River. Construction of a thermal power plant in 1958 raised the total generating capacity of the Millinocket mill complex to . High-pressure steam generated by burning waste bark was routed first through generator turbines, and the low-pressure exhaust steam was then used to dry the paper.
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Recently, the wood part of the Subabul tree is used for making pulp in the pulp and paper industry. In the southern and central states of India, Subabul is the most important pulpwood species for making pulp. It has huge positive socio-economic impact on the livelihood of the small farmers where Subabul is grown as an industrial crop. This provides an alternate crop choice to the farmers of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India where they are also growing cotton and chillies.
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KWH Group is one of Finland's biggest companies in abrasives, logistics services and plastics. It is headquartered in Vaasa, Finland. From a modest start in the timber industry, by 1939 it was the biggest timber exporter in Finland, accounting for 26% of the country's total lumber exports and some 20% of pulpwood exports . The company was the world's largest fox and mink fur producer in the 1960s and 1970s, producing approximately 10% of all Finnish mink furs, equivalent to 2% of world production in 1973.
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Claude Casper Poulan (1915-1995) of Monroe, Louisiana was the founder of Poulan Chain Saws and the inventor of bow guide. In 1944, Poulan was supervising German prisoners cutting pulpwood in East Texas. At the time this task required three men, two to operate the chainsaw, and a third to operate a pry pole, utilized to keep the chain from binding as it cut through the trees. Poulan utilized an old truck fender and fashioned it into a curved piece utilized to guide the chain.
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The problem was getting the pulpwood out of the north-flowing Saint John River into the east- flowing Penobscot River. An rail route from Fifth Saint John Pond to the Penobscot River at Seboomook Lake was surveyed in 1910 after Great Northern Paper Company acquired forest lands along the Baker Branch Saint John River. Construction delayed by World War I began in the summer of 1919. of right of way were cleared that year and 60,000 logs were cut for railroad ties and telephone poles.
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In 1904 the railroad carried over of freight, and over of that was iron ore. It had 489 ore cars, 14 locomotives, and 121 employees. In 1923 the LS&I; Railway merged with the Munising, Marquette and Southeastern Railway (MM&SE;), a short line running from Marquette east to Munising to form the LS&I; Railroad. The LS&I;'s new spur ran through a section of the Upper Peninsula thickly forested with pulpwood, adding a second commodity to the LS&I;'s workload.
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Track south of Antlers continued in operation for purposes of hauling pulpwood, which was loaded onto rail cars at the Antlers Depot until 1999, when a loading facility was built just south of town. Burlington Northern Railroad—the successor to the Frisco Railroad—gave the depot to the new Pushmataha County Historical Society in June 1985. Efforts began immediately to stabilize the building and restore it. A new roof, some new window glass, electrical wiring and a furnace and air conditioning system were installed.
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The parcels reverted to the state of Michigan in lieu of unpaid property taxes. The state reorganized these parcels of property as the Escanaba River State Forest. The forest is now managed for active recreational purposes such as hiking, canoeing, fishing, hunting, and the cutting of second-growth wood for paper pulp. The small city of Escanaba continues to this day as a nationwide center of groundwood papermaking, and uses pulpwood from the Escanaba River State Forest and from other public and private landowners.
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Water powered sawmills and paper mills at Woodland used wooden logs and pulpwood floated down the Saint Croix River. These mills were connected to the national rail network via the Maine Central Railroad and under Georgia-Pacific operation originated or terminated over 6,000 railway carloads in 1973. The Maine Central business has since been discontinued, and the only rail service left as of 2012 was a spur line that connected Woodland to St. Stephen, New Brunswick for the shipment of pulp and paper to Saint John.
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1995 brought numerous changes to the Georgia Southwestern network, and the portion of the route from Cusseta to Cuthbert became redundant and was subsequently abandoned in that year, with the rails being removed in September 1997. Rails remained in place from Columbus to Cusseta in order to serve a large pulpwood yard near the latter. In 2002, the Georgia DOT acquired the remaining disconnected segments of the Columbus - Bainbridge line between Columbus and Cusseta, as well as Cuthbert to Bainbridge. The Georgia Southwestern remained as the operator of the line.
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Some logging occurred at Nobleboro before the Civil War, but by the late 1800s a new call for lumber and paper caused new activity in the woods of the region. Pulp and paper mills were built at Hinkley, with saw mills and a debarking mill at Nobleboro. The vast forests to the north were still in private ownership and they supplied these industries for decades. Each spring logs and pulpwood were flushed downstream on the wave of snowmelt and Nobleboro was an important staging area for these log drives.
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A cord of wood The cord is a unit of measure of dry volume used to measure firewood and pulpwood in the United States and Canada. A cord is the amount of wood that, when "racked and well stowed" (arranged so pieces are aligned, parallel, touching and compact), occupies a volume of . This corresponds to a well-stacked woodpile high, wide, and deep; or any other arrangement of linear measurements that yields the same volume. The name cord probably comes from the use of a cord or string to measure it.
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With waterways the most accessible travel routes, the Kennebec River served as an early trade corridor to interior Maine from the Atlantic coast. Ocean ships could navigate upstream as far as Augusta. The cities of Bath, Gardiner, Hallowell and Augusta, and the towns of Woolwich, Richmond and Randolph, all developed along this transportation corridor. Upstream of Augusta, the timber industry used the river for log driving, to transport wooden logs and pulpwood from interior forests to sawmills and paper mills built along the river to use its water power.
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Larix laricina bonsai The wood is tough and durable, but also flexible in thin strips, and was used by the Algonquian people for making snowshoes and other products where toughness was required. The natural crooks located in the stumps and roots are also preferred for creating knees in wooden boats. Currently, the wood is used principally for pulpwood, but also for posts, poles, rough lumber, and fuelwood; it is not a major commercial timber species. Tamarack wood is also used in horse stables to resist abrasion and kicking damage.
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On May 3, 1922 the freighter C.W. Jacob was towing the Harriet B., and another barge Crete, all three vessels were loaded with pulpwood. The vessels arrived near Two Harbors, Minnesota at around 1:00 A.M.; but because of heavy fog, the Jacob Captain decided to wait for the fog to clear before proceeding into the harbour. The three vessels anchored about a mile off shore, and three miles southwest of the breakwater light. Meanwhile, the steel hulled freighter Quincy A. Shaw was moving quickly up the lake.
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Gordonia lasianthus (loblolly-bay, holly-bay, gordonia, or bay) is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree or shrub found in acidic, swampy soils of pinelands and bays on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the southeastern United States. It is a member of the tea or family Theaceae. It is slow growing with soft, light-colored (varies in color from cream to carmine), fine-grained wood of little commercial value, although loblolly-bay could be managed as a source of pulpwood. When older specimens are cut, the wood exudes a strong scent.
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For the war effort built pulpwood barges, floating repair drydocks and concrete ships After the war he continued in civil construction and high-rise projects. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service War 1938 to 1947, Florida's Historic World War II Military Resources George Auchter wanting to retire he sold the company to a group investors in 1981. One of the investors was William H. Glass Jr.. William H. Glass Jr. father was The Auchter Company president for 14 years. William H. Glass Jr. also had adegree in civil engineering.
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Pulpwood and wood chips to the paper mills became increasingly important as potato loadings declined. The remote port facilities at Searsport were a preferred loading point for ammunition during World War II; and BAR transported heating coal and aircraft fuel to Loring AFB for Strategic Air Command bombers through the Cold War. BAR painted 2,500 box cars in the red, white and blue colors of the US flag during the 1950s. A less expensive oxide red paint scheme with large white reporting marks was adopted during the Vietnam War.
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A cord of wood The cord is a unit of measure of dry volume used in Canada and the United States to measure firewood and pulpwood. A cord is the amount of wood that, when "ranked and well stowed" (arranged so pieces are aligned, parallel, touching and compact), occupies a volume of . This corresponds to a well-stacked woodpile, 4 feet deep by 4 feet high by 8 feet wide , or any other arrangement of linear measurements that yields the same volume. A more unusual measurement for firewood is the "rick" or face cord.
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Wareham was not permanently settled until 1918 but was visited earlier by fishermen from islands off Bonavista Bay to do woods work in the winter season and for boat building. The community was named after the home of the first people who lived there, the Firmages. They were from Wareham, Dorset and they came to Wareham, Newfoundland from Fair Island to continue woods work and they opened a sawmill. The International Power and Paper Company began cutting pulpwood nearby in 1920, therefore other families soon moved to Wareham, mostly from Fair Island.
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Barges initially delivered a narrow gauge work train of flatcars and dump cars. It was followed by a steam shovel, teams of horses, and a standard gauge Climax locomotive with fifteen railroad cars to carry of pulpwood each.Gove, William G. The Railroad that went Nowhere in Down East magazine The Climax locomotive had been built in 1910 for the Conway Company of Conway, New Hampshire, and was delivered to Moosehead Lake by the Maine Central Railroad in July. New Baldwin 2-6-2 #1 arrived at Moosehead Lake about the same time.
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Grand Cape County accommodates National protected area of Lake Piso Reserve with an area of and the national plantation of Industrial Trial Pulpwood Plantation, which occupies an area of . The Western part of the county has coastal plains up to a height of above sea-level inward to a distance of . These plains receive very high rainfall ranging from to per year and receive longer sunshine with a humidity of 85 to 95 per cent. It is swampy along rivers and creeks, while there are patches of savannah woodland.
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In post- glacial times Northeastern Minnesota was covered by forest broken only by these interconnected lakes and wetlands. Much of the area has been little changed by human activity, as there are substantial forest and wilderness preserves, most notably the Boundary Waters Canoe Area and Voyageurs National Park. In the remainder of the region, lakes provide recreation, forests are managed for pulpwood, and the underlying bedrock is mined for valuable ores deposited in Precambrian times. While copper and nickel ores have been mined, the principal metallic mineral is iron.
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The first permanent settlers of the community were residents from Englee and Wild Cove who went there to work in the sawmill operation and to clear land for growing crops for the St. Anthony hospital. The first census was taken in 1911, and showed a population of 46, but the sawmill closed and by 1921 there were only 8 residents left and the community was abandoned the next year. Four years later, the sawmill was reopened and in the 1930s Bowater began pulpwood cutting in the area. By 1945, the population rose to 548.
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In 1959, after running Heikkinen Machine Shop with his brothers for over a decade, Heikkinen incorporated Prentice Hydraulics. With Prentice Hydraulics, Heikkinen excelled due to selling his knuckleboom loader, a revolutionary design for pulpwood loaders that allowed a single operator to load a truck through a design that featured essentially a “yo-yo” and “claw” versus manually wrapping logs with a cable or worse, loading the logs by hand. The company began with 35 employees and grew to 340 employees and $9 million in sales prior to its sale to Omark Industries in 1967.
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Others found work in the booming logging industry, buoyed by an abundant supply of cordwood and pulpwood. A temperance society Onnen Satama, meaning Harbor of Luck, was the first Finnish organization in Covington, and was organized on November 28, 1899. One year later, the Finnish Lutherans established the Covington Evangelical Lutheran Church. The church underwent a number of repairs and modifications over the ensuing years, but an altar painting offered to the church in 1931 by Professor Elmer A. Forsberg of the Chicago Art Institute resulted in the largest modification to date.
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Pollen: 51 There was an overproduction of chemical pulp and this could be bought cheaply and easily. An additional of pulpwood would be needed; this could be secured from Jämtland.Pollen: 52 There was a certain political opposition, especially in the Conservative Party, with concerns that it would lead to an overdemand for lumber.Pollen: 54 The second machine, PM2, received political approval,Pollen: 55 and was approved by the annual meeting on 10 April 1964. The extra NOK 75 in funding was secured through issuing additional shares, bringing the share equity to NOK 64 million.
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In 1843 the former convict Fred Moon commenced farming sheep at the mouth of the Bega River near Baronda, on land that would later become known as "Riverview". Soon afterwards, in 1846, George Nelson and Jack Hayden constructed a hut at Nelson Lagoon with the aim of establishing a cattle grazing operation.NGH, 2010 With the establishment of pastoral properties in the Bega Valley, land was being partitioned and sold for grazing or for orchards and gardens. The hinterland forests were logged for railway sleepers, pulpwood or sawlogs, native wildlife was hunted and creek lines scoured for gold.
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Research is currently being done in Truro, Nova Scotia to develop a tree which will not drop its needles after being cut."Researchers in NS look to create Christmas tree that holds needles longer" Dec. 11, 2007 This is key to an industry which exports 80 percentChristmas Tree Council of Nova Scotia of its product to the USA—a market that is steadily become interested in artificial trees that don't drop needles. Much pulpwood and timber has been harvested from the community especially since the Mersey Pulp Mill was built in 1929 in Liverpool, Nova Scotia (Bowater, 2007).
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At various points, the road commissions in Dickinson, Menominee and Delta counties tried to give the roadway back to the state for maintenance. Menominee County made the request in 1974 and 1982, both times rejected because the road did not carry enough traffic to be a state highway. The road was a maintenance issue for the counties because of its relative isolation and high truck traffic carrying pulpwood to the paper mill in Escanaba and potatoes from farms near Felch. The roadway was in a relative state of disrepair in 1982, and the counties wanted the state to fix it.
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Ashford Depot 1920's In March 1888, the Alabama Midland Railway built a small depot of Victorian railroad architecture in Ashford to be a waystation along the Bainbridge-to-Montgomery route. The depot was the only building to survive the 1915 fire that destroyed the rest of the town. The original depot received additions at least twice—an enclosed warehouse and open loading dock were added to the east, followed by racially segregated passenger waiting rooms on the west side. The depot faced two sidings that served for loading turpentine from the Adams Company still one block away, and pulpwood.
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In the case of lease mode, the lease rent for a barren land is Rs. 1000/- per acre, whereas for an irrigated land it is Rs. 3000/- per acre every year paid to landowner and the entire product is taken by TNPL. In the last five years of operation (2004–05 to 2008–09), TNPL has raised plantation in involving 8235 farmers in twenty eight districts in Tamil Nadu under the Farm Forestry scheme and under the Captive Plantation Scheme. In all, TNPL has established pulpwood plantations in about 40291 acres (as on 31 March 2009).
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Water powered sawmills and paper mills at Woodland used wooden logs and pulpwood floated down the Saint Croix River. These mills were connected to the national rail network via the Maine Central Railroad and under Georgia-Pacific operation originated or terminated over 6,000 railway carloads in 1973. In 1950, the village voted to stay on Daylight saving time, so as to allow hunters an extra hour of daylight after work, as they would otherwise be hunting at night. It was known locally as "Deerlight Saving Time" and overlapped with the start of deer season, through November 1.
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The Seaboard System formally filed to cut the line back to Clintonville on August 13, 1984 and designated the remaining as an industrial spur, protected by a derail at the entrance near Newton. The remaining portion of the line was sold by CSX to Gulf & Ohio subsidiary Wiregrass Central on December 11, 1987. The railroad was initially operated by L.A. Transportation and traffic included pulpwood, aggregates, and grain. On July 10, 1992 an additional segment running approximately from Clintonville to Enterprise was abandoned by the Wiregrass Central, prompted by the closure of a woodyard at the end of the line.
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Today's Trans-Canada Highway follows the route of the proposed English road along the north bank of the river through the disputed portion of the drainage. Most of the Saint John drainage on the disputed south bank became Aroostook County, Maine, where the town of Madawaska still shares the Acadian French dialect with Edmundston across the river. The Allagash River and Baker Branch of the Saint John River upstream of Madawaska flow through the sparsely populated North Maine Woods. These black spruce forests were a primary source of pulpwood for Maine paper mills through the 20th century.
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Danau Sentarum National Park is a wetland of international importance located in the north of the province There are three National Parks in the province: Danau Sentarum, Gunung Palung and Betung Kerihun. Currently, illegal logging for trees such as dipterocarp and plantations of palm oil and pulpwood threaten many rare species in the province due to the effects of habitat destruction. Peat bog fires and droughts or flooding during ENSO episodes also threaten the area and are worsened by ongoing deforestation. Dr. Hotlin Ompusunggu has received the 2011 Whitley Award for her conservation work in West Kalimantan.
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The "New Road" as it stands has provided access for pulpwood cutting, tourism, fishing, hunting, aquaculture, silviculture, mineral exploration, as well as access to the Star Lake Hydroelectric Development. When passable, it still provides access for local residents and visitors to the Lloyd's Valley and Southwest Brook areas. The Construction of the Hinds Lake hydroelectric project in 1980 led to the extension of a gravel road north from the Buchans Airstrip to Hinds Dike at the southernmost end of Hinds Lake. Forest access roads extending from near the community of Howley are now only a few miles from this road.
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As the labor market changed in early part of the 20th century, employers looked towards mechanization to achieve the same results. Timber was cut into logs at the pulpwood mill, and then stockpiled on the premises before being sent along the river to paper mills. Operating with a 35-bhp motor at a 45-degree angle, the double-trussed stacker replaced what had been a labor-intensive method of handling the timber product. It moved the cut logs into large piles on land, from which they could then be placed in the water for their journey to the paper mill.
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The town council was then controlled by Slovaks and during the 15th century the town was Slovakized. In the 19th century, it was one of the centres of Slovak national movement. It slowly became one of the industrial and financial centres of the Kingdom of Hungary, particularly after the Kassa Oderberg Railway was completed in 1871, when many new factories emerged - paper and pulpwood works, but also brick works (1871) or the textile industry. In 1907, in Černová, which was rather a street than part of the town that is today, happened an event known as the Černová tragedy.
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Many prominent figures of the time, such as Theodore Roosevelt and Henry David Thoreau, ventured to Maine's Somerset County in search of wilderness. Lake Moxie Station became the jumping off point for sporting camps and remote destinations north along the current U.S. Route 201 all the way up to The Forks, Lake Parlin, and Upper Enchanted Township. Bingham became an important loading point for pulpwood floated down the Kennebec River to Wyman Dam until environmental regulations curtailed log driving in the 1970s. A paper mill at Madison was the last major customer on the branch originating or terminating 3,000 annual carloads in 1973.
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Besides pulpwood, rough lumber is the raw material for furniture- making and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods; but it is also readily available in softwoods, such as white pine and red pine, because of their low cost. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry – primarily softwood, from coniferous species, including pine, fir and spruce (collectively spruce-pine-fir), cedar, and hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring. It is more commonly made from softwood than hardwoods, and 80% of lumber comes from softwood.
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Like the rest of the Hiawatha Forest, the Rock River Canyon Wilderness was logged starting about 1880 and ending about 1930. The typical method of logging was to clear-cut all marketable timber and leave the discarded slashings on the forest floor. A severe forest fire was almost inevitable, followed by severe erosion and the creation of a second-growth forest that differed from the previous old-growth forest in many ways. The wilderness is now a template of natural succession that contrasts with most of the Hiawatha National Forest, which continues to be managed for harvestable pulpwood.
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The statue and signs have been part of a deliberate attempt by the community to promote the monster in hopes of boosting tourism and the local economy: > In 1992 Roberts Arm was the principal supply and service centre for > communities on several nearby islands. However, the town's major source of > employment — cutting pulpwood for local contractors — was in crisis, after > having been in decline for some years. It was also hoped that the community > would benefit from efforts to promote tourism along the "Beothuk Trail". > Perhaps this hope is strengthened by the old, local tradition that a > 'monster', named Cressie, inhabits Crescent Lake.
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Metsähallitus has sold wood for different needs since the very beginning of its operations, for a while mainly at auction. In the beginning of the 1900s Metsähallitus sold, among other things, railway cross- ties and firewood to the national railway board, as well as timber to sawmills. Metsähallitus also established its own sawmills, which in 1932, however, were ceded to Veitsiluoto Oy, which the state had a majority holding in. The focus of the forest industry gradually switched from sawmilling to paper and board production, which, in turn, led to an increase in the use of pulpwood.
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Northern Minnesota is essentially covered with one large forest. Although the potential for a lumber industry was recognized early in the course of European settlement, the distances that it would have to be shipped made it uneconomical. But as eastern forests were logged out, the lumber industry moved into Wisconsin and Minnesota.. Lumber and forest products were shipped by rail from Duluth and Superior, Wisconsin to southern and eastern mills. Because of conservation efforts, many of the forests along the North Shore are now protected from deforestation, but there is still a strong paper industry that relies on pulpwood.
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After the war, in 1919 McCormick offered Schmon a job as a manager of forestry operations at Shelter Bay, Quebec (Port-Cartier). The Shelter Bay pulpwood operation was in a remote outpost near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River. Shelter Bay was originally named Rocky River, but had been renamed by McCormick on his first trip there on October 16, 1925. “If we call this place Rocky River no ship captain will come in here to get our wood. Let’s call it Shelter Bay.” Schmon had no engineering expertise, but had the drive to overcome any obstacles.
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He left the Commission in 1951 to join Australian Paper Manufacturers (APM) in the Latrobe Valley to establish their new pulpwood plantations. Later taking up a position as senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne in 1958 he was recruited to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations in 1963 to lead forestry projects in Nigeria before ending up in Rome in 1968. He also presided over the International Tropical Timbers Organisation (ITTO) and International Union of Foresters before receiving an honorary doctorate from the University of Melbourne in 1994 in recognition for his services to international forestry.
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Freight service continued until February 1981, when the Burlington Northern Railroad—which had since purchased the Frisco Railroad—closed and abandoned all railroad track, trestles and right-of-way north of Antlers. South of the town the track remained in place and pulpwood continued being loaded onto railroad cars at the Antlers Depot for shipment southbound. This continued until 1990, when a new loading facility was built just south of Antlers. The Pushmataha County Historical Society was established in 1984 and its first major project was an initiative to obtain the abandoned Antlers depot and restore and preserve it as a county museum.
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The main line (186 miles) runs from Hope, Arkansas (where it interchanges with Union Pacific Railroad) to Lakeside, Oklahoma, then along 20 miles of BNSF Railway trackage rights to a BNSF interchange point at Madill, Oklahoma. Along this line, KRR interchanges with Union Pacific at Durant, Oklahoma, with Kansas City Southern Railway at Ashdown, Arkansas, and with De Queen and Eastern Railroad via Texas, Oklahoma and Eastern Railroad at Valliant, Oklahoma. A 40-mile branch line runs from Antlers, Oklahoma to Paris, Texas. KRR traffic generally consists of coal, lumber, paper, glass, cement, pulpwood, stone and food products.
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Ashley (2000), p. 98. Sf historian Everett Bleiler notes that Hersey did not mention the venture in his autobiographical Pulpwood Editor, published a year later, and adds that "given Hersey's usual attempts to glorify himself and to gild his failures, this silence suggests a fiasco larger than usual". The magazine contained a lead novel and three short stories. The novel, The Master of Mars, by James Edison Northford (or Northfield; the name is spelled one way on the contents page and the other way at the head of the story), has been described by Bleiler as "moronic".
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Cruel Beautiful World was named one of the Best Books of the Year by BlogCritics and by The Pulpwood Queens. Pictures of You was named one of the Best Books of the year by the San Francisco Chronicle, The Providence Journal, Bookmarks, and one of the top five books by Kirkus Reviews. Is This Tomorrow was named one of the Best Books of the Year by January magazine, and was long-listed for the Maine Prize, as well as being a Jewish Book Council BookClub Pick. She lives in Hoboken, New Jersey with the music journalist and author Jeff Tamarkin and has a grown actor/writer son.
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Snow returned to live with his mother and stepfather, again without holding down steady work. Instead, he attempted to get by just peddling fish door-to-door or landing occasional jobs that included transporting passengers and their luggage by horse-drawn buggy to and from the train station in Lunenburg; unloading salt and coal ships; raking scallops and hauling loads of dried cod into a warehouse for processing and shipping. One winter, after being reunited with his father, he cut pulpwood and firewood on his father's farm in the backwoods at Pleasantville, Nova Scotia. At one point, Snow spotted a picture of a guitar for $12.95 in Eaton's catalogue.
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The Penobscot River was an early trade corridor to interior Maine from the Atlantic coast. Ocean ships could navigate upstream to Bangor. The cities of Rockland, Belfast, Brewer and Bangor, and the towns of Rockport, Camden, Northport, Searsport, Stockton Springs, Castine, Bucksport, Frankfort, Winterport, Orrington, and Hampden developed adjacent to the Penobscot River estuary. The river upstream of Bangor became an important transportation corridor for log driving to bring wooden logs and pulpwood from interior forests to sawmills and paper mills built to use water power where the city of Howland and the towns of Veazie, Orono, Old Town, Milford, Passadumkeag, West Enfield, Lincoln, Winn, Mattawamkeag, Medway, and Millinocket developed.
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Ownership of the properties can be traced to Lord Culpeper who transferred the lands which now include Kings Park and Ravensworth Farm to William Fitzhugh in 1690. The land passed through Martha Custis, the wife of George Washington, to her son George Custis, then to his daughter, Mary Randolph Custis, who married Robert E. Lee at Arlington when he was a young officer in the U.S Army. After the outbreak of the Civil War, Mary Custis Lee moved to relative safety at the Ravensworth Farm. Ownership of the property remained in the Lee family until World War I, when the land was sold to the Flatfelter Pulpwood Company.
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Georgia has almost eight million acres (32,000 km2) of prime farmland while over 60% of the land is made up of pine forests.Georgia's Natural Resources, Accessed November 26, 2007 Due to the great number of forested areas in the state Georgia produces more lumber and pulpwood than any other state east of the Mississippi river; from these forests come 74.4 percent of the resins and turpentines (naval stores) produced in the United States, and over half of the world's supply. Both the agricultural areas and the waters of Georgia have created a thriving environment for hunting, fishing and game. The state of Georgia has much in the way of agricultural resources.
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Aerial view of Valdosta Located in the far southern portion of the state, near the Florida line along the Interstate 75 corridor, it is a commercial center of South Georgia with numerous manufacturing plants. The surrounding area produces tobacco, naval stores, particularly turpentine, as well as pine lumber and pulpwood. According to the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Valdosta is called the "Naval Stores Capital of the World" because it supplies 80% of the world demand for naval stores. In the retailing field, Valdosta has one major regional mall, Valdosta Mall, which features national chain anchor stores like JCPenney, Bed, Bath & Beyond, Buckle, PetSmart, Belk, Old Navy, and Ross Stores.
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When grown for sawing timber, pine plantations can be harvested after 25 years, with some stands being allowed to grow up to 50 (as the wood value increases more quickly as the trees age). Imperfect trees (such as those with bent trunks or forks, smaller trees, or diseased trees) are removed in a "thinning" operation every 5–10 years. Thinning allows the best trees to grow much faster, because it prevents weaker trees from competing for sunlight, water, and nutrients. Young trees removed during thinning are used for pulpwood or are left in the forest, while most older ones are good enough for saw timber.
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Much of the lowland dipterocarp forest in Borneo is being cleared for timber and to be used for agriculture and for the establishment of plantations for growing oil palms and pulpwood. How much impact this is having on the populations of Pentace laxiflora is unclear, but it is a common species in at least part of its range, and where it is logged in Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), the timber harvesting is managed in forestry concessions. For these reasons, the conservation status of this tree has been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of least concern, as the tree does not currently meet the criteria for a more threatened category.
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However, an embargo on exports of pulpwood would also benefit Barnjum's business interests. He helped have Otto Schierbeck named as Nova Scotia's first Chief Forester in 1926; in 1923, Barnjum had hired Schierbeck as forester for his own timber holdings in Nova Scotia.Sandberg, AL & Clancy, PL Against the Grain: Foresters and Politics in Nova Scotia (2000) Barnjum resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1926 because he had made a campaign promise to have a paper mill built on the Mersey River; however, it was built by others first. In 1932, he purchased one of the last remaining large stands of virgin timber on Vancouver Island to preserve it for future generations.
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The slow convoy SC 7 left Sydney, Nova Scotia on 5 October 1940 bound for Liverpool and other British ports. The convoy was supposed to make but several merchant ships were much slower, necessitating a further reduced speed.. The convoy consisted of older, smaller ships, mostly with essential cargoes of bulk goods. Much of the freight on these ships originated on Canada's east coast, especially from points to the north and east of Sydney. Typical cargoes included pit props from eastern New Brunswick for British coal mines, lumber, pulpwood, grain from the Great Lakes ports, steel and steel ingots from the Sydney plant and iron ore from Newfoundland, bound for the huge steel plants of Wales.
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Long before Europeans settled North America, Abenaki Indians used the Dead River to travel between the Androscoggin River valley and the Connecticut River valley. In later years, the Glen Manufacturing Company, later purchased by the International Paper Company, used the river to conduct log drives to get pulpwood to its mills located where the Smyth Hydro Park is today. In recent years, local interest in the river and its history has been renewed by Berlin Community Development Director Pamela Laflamme and Pierre Lessard, after Lessard erected a sign reading "Plumpetoosuc River" on his property near the river. The pair are leaders in an effort to rename the river to its aboriginal name.
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Early in the 20th century, with the establishment of the Grand Falls pulp and paper mill Southport fishermen, drew upon this tradition of woods work to find seasonal employment cutting pulpwood. As the Labrador fishery declined and the community's population increased the tradition of working away from the community for much of the year continued, with an emphasis on woods work and general construction labour. From the 1950's onwards, increasing numbers left the fishery altogether, finding wage labour at Labrador and Labrador construction sites such as Goose Bay, Labrador City, Churchill Falls and Come by Chance. Beginning in the early 1960s an increasing number of the community's younger residents moved to Ontario seeking employment.
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Pulpwood Queens dressed in costume at The Great Big Ball of Hair Ball 2011 The final night of Girlfriend Weekend is The Great Big Ball of Hair Ball, where club members and authors wear costumes based on a theme. In 2010, the party celebrated The Wizard of Oz. The theme of the 2011 event was "It's all about the story," and attendees dressed as characters from their favorite books. In a February 2010 article, the Texas Observer described the weekend as "fast becoming one of the most important literary events in America." And the Marshall News Messenger, in Marshall, Texas, wrote that the event is for men too, with members known as the Timber Guys.
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Much of the wilderness consists of wetlands alongside the Carp River, a natural trout stream listed as a National Wild and Scenic River, and the unit's wilderness designation helps protect part of the river's drainage. The wilderness is also a template of natural succession that contrasts with most of the Hiawatha National Forest, which continues to be managed for harvestable pulpwood. The unit's terrain is dominated by postglacial moraines and sand dunes left behind by the Wisconsin glaciation and modified by the stormy climate that accompanied the glacial meltoff. Many of the sandy ridges and mounds are separated by creeks and ribbon-shaped wetlands, and some of the highlands are laced together by beaver dams.
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The West Hurley station area still retains a single, siding that was used by the railroad to store the first half of a train when it was necessary to break a train while coming up the 2% grade from Kingston. The Catskill Mountain Railroad planned to use the siding as a storage track for four passenger cars, a ballast hopper and a gondola, which were to be brought up from Kingston in 2007. The foundations of the depot are still easily seen, and the CMRR planned to further clear out the area around the station and the siding in 2007. The station area may eventually be used as a loading area for pulpwood to be shipped by rail.
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A woodlot is a parcel of a woodland or forest capable of small-scale production of forest products (such as wood fuel, sap for maple syrup, sawlogs, and pulpwood) as well as recreational uses like bird watching, bushwalking, and wildflower appreciation. The term woodlot is chiefly North American; in Britain, a woodlot would be called a wood, woodland, or coppice. Many woodlots occur as part of a farm or as buffers and undevelopable land between these and other property types such as housing subdivisions, industrial forests, or public properties (highways, parks, watersheds, etc.). Very small woodlots can occur where a subdivision has not met its development potential, or where terrain does not easily permit other uses.
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Its formation coincided with the passage of the Underwood Tariff in the United States, which allowed free trade for newsprint and prompted a northward rush from US publishers wanting to secure a cheap supply from Canada. Howard Ferguson Its expansion was greatly aided in 1919 when Howard Ferguson, Ontario's Minister of Lands and Forests, approved the reservation of of pulpwood on Crown land for Abitibi's use. Ferguson declared, "My ambition has been to see the largest paper industry in the world established in the Province, and my attitude towards the pulp and paper industry has been directed towards assisting in bringing this about." After becoming Premier of Ontario in 1923, Ferguson reserved a further to Abitibi.
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First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1905 election, Ferguson served as Minister of Lands, Forest and Mines in the government of William Hearst from 1914 to 1919. As Minister, he approved the reservation of of pulpwood on Crown land to the Mead Corporation, and a further to Abitibi Power and Paper Company, despite the Crown Timber Act's requirement that pulp limits must be sold by public tender. He declared, "My ambition has been to see the largest paper industry in the world established in the Province, and my attitude towards the pulp and paper industry has been directed towards assisting in bringing this about." After becoming Premier of Ontario in 1923, Ferguson reserved a further to Abitibi.
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Around the same time, and with the support of Lind, the Forests Commission Chairman A.V. Galbraith and Sir Herbert Gepp from Australian Paper Manufacturers Ltd (APM) finalised a pioneering legislated agreement for pulpwood supply from State forests and from softwood plantations including the Strzeleckis.J. D. Adams, 'Lind, Sir Albert Eli (1878–1964)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University The company then proceeded to establish a plant at Maryvale in LaTrobe Valley for the manufacture of Kraft papers which came into production in October 1939. Before the end of the Second World War, the Forests Commission began making additional plans to reforest and rehabilitate the Strzeleckis and establish a timber supply. It was joined in the venture by APM.
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State agribusiness has changed from production to processing and the manufacturing of value-added food products by companies such as General Mills, Cargill, Hormel Foods Corporation (prepackaged and processed meat products), and the McDonald Food Company. Red pine forest Iron Range near the Mesabi Trail Forestry, another early industry, remains strong with logging, pulpwood processing, forest products manufacturing, and paper production. The amount of forested land in the state is declining, from 16.7 million acres (68,000 km²) in 1990 to in 2004; however, the average forest is maturing. From 1999 to 2004 the average annual growth within the state was 550 million board-feet (1,300,000 m³) of timber, while the average amount harvested was only 330 million board-feet (780,000 m³) per year.
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The line was leased to Southeast Shortlines, Inc, which renamed the line the Thermal Belt Railway after the area's isothermal effect which, on certain cool nights, allowed the area mountains to be warmer in temperature on the slope than on the base. The line started operations on April 2, 1990. Traffic in its first few years consisted of inbound plastic pellets, grain and lumber and outbound pulpwood on the remaining open sections of track, while work started on clearing the downed trees on the embargoed section. However traffic on that segment never materialized, and after about 10 years of dormancy, the Gilkey- Spindale section was converted into a rail-trail with the provision that it could be reactivated if needed.
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According to Greenpeace in March 2012, APP's main pulp mill in Indonesia (Indah Kiat Perawang) mixes illegal ramin logs regularly with other rainforest species in its pulpwood supply. APP denied the allegations, stating "APP is grateful to Greenpeace for bringing this report to our attention. We take very seriously any evidence of violation of the regulations concerning the protection of endangered tree species…APP maintains a strict zero-tolerance policy for illegal wood entering the supply chain and has comprehensive chain of custody (CoC) systems to ensure that only legal wood enters its pulp mill operations." Since Indonesia banned the logging and trade of ramin in 2001, more than one-quarter of this ramin habitat has been cleared – much of this from areas currently supplying APP.
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The rapids have since been drowned under Lake Winyah, also known as Seven Mile Pond (see map in external links hereafter), a hydroelectric reservoir created by the Norway Dam (also known as Seven Mile Dam). Much of the middle and upper reaches of the Thunder Bay River flow through the Mackinaw State Forest, which is a large swathe of northeastern Michigan that, after logging was completed in the 1910s, reverted to the state for unpaid property taxes. The state forest contains large numbers of aspen and birch trees, pulpwood trees typical of second-growth Michigan forests. The largest reservoir in the Thunder Bay River basin, the Fletcher Pond (also called Fletcher Floodwaters) in western Alpena County, began to fill in 1932.
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In 2001, Asia Pulp & Paper (APP), the subsidiary of Sinar > Mas, called a standstill on $14 billion worth of bonds and loans and stopped > repaying its debt, including interest payments, in what is still the largest > default to foreign investors in Asian market history. On August 15, 2018, > the Anti Forest Mafia Coalition, published a report revealing that two APP > suppliers in East Kalimantan had cleared nearly 32,000 hectares of natural > forest, in violation of APP’s no-deforestation commitment in February 2013. > Prior to this, APP and its pulpwood suppliers had a history of almost 30 > years of deforestation and related destruction in the region. APP has hence > remained one of only three companies in the world that the Forest > Stewardship Council has disassociated from since October 2007.
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Walter "Johnny D." McMillian (October 27, 1941 – September 11, 2013) was an African-American pulpwood worker from Monroeville, Alabama, who was wrongly convicted of murder and sentenced to death. His conviction was wrongfully obtained, based on police coercion and perjury; in the 1988 trial, under a controversial doctrine called "judicial override", the judge imposed the death penalty, even though the jury imposed a sentence of life imprisonment. From 1990 to 1993, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals turned down four appeals; in 1993, after McMillian had served six years on Alabama's death row, the Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the lower court decision and ruled that he had been wrongfully convicted. The controversial case received national attention beginning in the fall of 1992, when it was featured in the CBS News program 60 Minutes.
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The Newfoundland marten range is now condensed into approximately 13,000 square kilometers in the western part of the island, with a large portion of key habitat in the Little Grand Lake area. Due to the unregulated pulpwood harvest during the last century, the forest age-class distribution is skewed to the younger regeneration stage of forest succession, which led to the majority of the island being contiguous blocks of second-growth forest. The behavioral patterns of habitat use by Newfoundland martens are altered by the ecological conditions of low prey biomass and high natural forest fragmentation that occur in Newfoundland. A wide spectrum of habitat types are used throughout the geographic range, however, it has been found the Newfoundland Marten has a strong association with old successional forest.
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The World War II Prisoner of War camp on the Gettysburg Battlefield operated from June 29, 1945, through April 1946 NOTE:: Atkins specifically identifies the POW camp was at former CCC camp "NP-2", but repeatedly uses the inaccurate name "Camp Sharpe" which had been at the former CCC camp NP-1 in Pitzer Woods. at the former site of the McMillan Woods CCC camp. The camp consolidated prisoners of war from the Gettysburg Armory on Seminary Ridge (100 POWs on September 16, 1944) and those from the stockade on the Emmitsburg Road (350 prisoners) at the former World War I Camp Colt site. On January 22, 1945, the U.S. Employment Service began using Gettysburg POWs for pulpwood cutting, and in June the camp opened with 500 German POWs :c.
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The Saint John Ponds are a chain of shallow lakes at the headwaters of the Baker Branch Saint John River in the North Maine Woods. The flow sequence is from the Upper First Saint John Pond, through the Lower First Saint John Pond, Second Saint John Pond, Third Saint John Pond, and Fourth Saint John Pond to the Fifth Saint John Pond. Flow from one pond to the next is sometimes called Baker Stream rather than the Baker Branch Saint John River. Great Northern Paper Company dug a canal from Fifth Saint John Pond eastward to the North Branch Penobscot River in 1939, and built a dam at the north end of Fifth Saint John Pond so pulpwood logs harvested in the upper Saint John River watershed could be floated down the Penobscot River to Millinocket, Maine.
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In 1926 the class was relettered from NQR to NQ, reflecting their use more often than not as flat wagons rather than open wagons. Most of the class then remained in service until the early 1950s, when the four VR lines closed and mass scrappings of narrow-gauge stock began. Puffing Billy Railway currently has NQRs 135 and 219–223 inclusive, fitted with seats and a canopy, and NQR 146 without a canopy. All seven have a capacity of 28 passengers, and a weight of . In goods service NQR wagons 21, 91, 186 and 216 are in service with a goods capacity of and a tare weight of , and NQR can be fitted with seats if necessary to match the configuration of NQR 146. The Railway also possesses untrafficable trucks: NQ 19 is configured for pulpwood while NQ 149 is fitted with a water tank that can hold of water, and open NQRs 59, 92, 103, 125, 142, 151, 153 and 203.
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In the captive plantation scheme, Captive plantations are raised in the lands belonging to the Company, Government Departments, and Educational institutions and in the large land- holding individuals on a revenue sharing basis or on a lease rental basis. The minimum criteria for captive plantation is that the land should be a block of & above in a single location whereas less than is also considered only in the case of adjoining lands of existing captive plantations, provided the adjoining areas should be contiguous to the existing plantation. TNPL enters into a MoU with the owners of such lands for raising a Captive Plantation and undertaking the responsibility of land development, establishment of plantations, maintenance of plantation and harvesting the pulpwood at TNPL's expense. The land would be taken either on long term lease spanning over a period of 6 to 30 years lease or on a gross revenue sharing basis. In the revenue sharing pattern, if the plantation is raised in a barren land, the produce is shared between TNPL and the landowner on a 70:30 basis and in case of wet lands, the revenue sharing pattern is 60:40.
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Continuing southeast for , LA 4 intersects LA 499 at a point near Hoods Mill and heads in a general eastward direction into Caldwell Parish. After crossing the parish line, LA 4 curves to the southeast and intersects LA 557 at a point known as Vixen. later, LA 4 intersects LA 846 at Mount Pleasant. After a brief concurrency, LA 846 splits off to the north, running parallel to LA 4 toward the previous junction with LA 557\. later, LA 4 intersects LA 3239, a gravel road that connects to LA 126 west of Grayson. After another , LA 4 intersects LA 850 at Pulpwood Spur then curves to the northeast across the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) tracks to US 165 at Banks Springs, just north of Grayson. LA 4 turns northeast to follow US 165, becoming an undivided four-lane highway (with middle turning lane) into Columbia, the parish seat, intersecting LA 849 on the way. In Columbia, US 165 and LA 4 cross a high-level bridge over the Ouachita River, after which LA 4 resumes its eastward course as an undivided two-lane highway while US 165 continues north toward Monroe.
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