101 Sentences With "privilege from" | Random Sentence Generator

This makes more space for religious minorities by removing Christian privilege from the public square.

Giuliani is presumably bound by attorney-client privilege from revealing what Trump and he discuss.

They should seek advice on how to retire white, or male, privilege from their operational culture and payroll.

More broadly, the opinion said lawyers don't have discretion to consider whether the facts strip privilege from presumptively privileged documents.

Cohen's lawyers and an independent attorney in New York are reviewing the documents to block any that might fall under attorney-client privilege from prosecutors.

Dogs have risen in rank and privilege from being relegated to the traditional doghouse in the yard to their present reign as four-legged family members.

The United States and Europe could reveal and freeze ill-gotten spoils, for example by removing the protection of attorney-client privilege from international money transfers.

Continued abuse of this privilege from those acting under the guise of anonymity has been seen in the torrent of racist or xenophobic language and personal attacks.

That team, composed of prosecutors unconnected to Cohen's case, would have reviewed his files and withheld items protected by attorney-client privilege from the prosecutors investigating him.

Already, Mueller not only has used that exception to strip away privilege from Manafort but he effectively turned Manafort's attorney, Melissa Laurenza, into a witness against her client.

Frontrunner Hillary Clinton fielded a question about white privilege from a student that she answered with a long, awkward anecdote about babysitting migrant children in Chicago during her youth.

A privilege from his time as prime minister allowed him to leave the chamber through a back entrance, bypassing the throng of reporters and cameras in the main lobby.

And I&aposm just hurt and confused as to why anyone would want to remove that privilege from any child and to remove those opportunities and faith-based adoption agencies.

Members of Congress enjoy an absolute legal privilege from prosecution for anything said during House and Senate debates, making them an ideal vehicle for getting politically sensitive material into the public record.

It would have been impossible for me to start in the industry without an agency, and I suspect that most sex workers who begin independently have a degree of economic privilege from the start.

But a key question is how much she will be limited in public, either through questions regarding classified material, promises of attorney-client privilege or claims of executive privilege from either Trump or Obama.

Hill's testimony came after claims of executive privilege from the White House, and a letter that her attorneys sent to White House lawyers in response revealed even more about the nature of her testimony.

In reality, there are multitudes of daily invisible acts that count as white privilege, from the "for normal hair" label on a shampoo bottle to not fearing for your life while engaging with the police.

A judge is mulling whether to appoint a so-called special master, who would review Cohen's files to prevent ones that are protected from attorney-client privilege from being turned over to prosecutors in the case.

We have learned what conditions make the prime environment for the rise of a demagogue: disaffection, demographic change, the demise of hope and opportunity and the dislocation of traditional power and privilege from automatic inheritance of prosperity.

The drama that follows — in which Katherine's sins grow less and less forgivable — intimately explores how privilege from wealth, class standing, gender, and race can by turns insulate or expose people to the consequences of their actions, and of others' actions.

That means he likely couldn't ultimately block his White House counsel, based on attorney-client privilege, from being subpoenaed or interviewed by special counsel Robert MuellerRobert (Bob) Swan MuellerMueller report fades from political conversation Trump calls for probe of Obama book deal Democrats express private disappointment with Mueller testimony MORE.

But the committee is considering bringing in officials on their list who did not serve in the White House — which Democrats hope will prevent claims of executive privilege from the White House, although the White House would likely seek to block any discussion about events that took place after the 2016 election.

In 2008, CBI revoked this privilege from banks, and currently issues its own Iran Cheques in denominations of 500,000 and 1,000,000 rials.

It urges that gentlemen of the privy chamber are exempt by privilege from arrest in civil suits, an indignity to which Battine had himself apparently been subjected.

Sutcliffe p. xiv Laud also obtained the "privilege" from the Crown of printing the King James or Authorized Version of Scripture at Oxford.Carter ch. 3 This "privilege" created substantial returns in the next 250 years, although initially it was held in abeyance.

Uppsala Cathedral, seat of the Archbishop of Uppsala. In 1531, Laurentius Petri was chosen by King Gustav I of Sweden (Vasa) to be archbishop, taking that privilege from the pope and in effect making Sweden Protestant. The archbishop was then declared primus inter pares i.e.

A certain Peter, burgher of Sopron complained to the monarch in the next year that Lawrence, as ispán of the county, unlawfully usurped and retook the estate of Dag from him, despite the fact that Peter had received it as a royal privilege from Béla before that.

Some ninety years later, on 25 April 1330, the Frankfurt Spring Fair also received its privilege from Emperor Louis IV. And from this time onwards, trade fairs were held in Frankfurt twice a year, in spring and autumn, forming the basic structure for Messe Frankfurt's modern consumer goods fairs.

Boos, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms, Vol. 1, p. 83 No. 104. The city council tried in the 14th century to gain sole rights over the Eisbach and in 1315 obtained a privilege from King Louis of Bavaria, that the diversion of streams within the city would attract a heavy fine.

In 1238 the bishop of Avignon obtained an important privilege from the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (r. 1195–1250). Salt that was shipped on the Rhône and landed at Châteauneuf would not be subject to tax. As a result, the trade in salt became a considerable source of revenue for the village.

J. Polak, 2011, p. 9 Originally it was named Birowy, and first appeared on a map from 1563. However other source from 1610, issued by Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn, cites a privilege from 1554, where the village was already supposedly mentioned. There is a Catholic Heart of Jesus church in the village.

In April that year she had purchased a piece of land at San Cristóbal de Dormeá, where, on 1 October 1152, she founded a monastery. When the new monastery received a royal privilege from Ferdinand II on 8 November 1157, Lupa was still living. Her children by Munio were Aldonza, Elvira, Fernando, Pedro and Teresa.

During her tenure San Salvatore was removed by her father from the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Aquileia and given to the Archbishop of Milan. Nevertheless, on 13 October 772, Anselperga received a privilege from Patriarch Siguald. The date of Anselperga's death is unrecorded, but she was replaced by Radoara as early as 781.

Dasharatha was the king of Ayodhya. He had three queens, Kausalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra, and four sons: Rama, Bharata, and twins Lakshmana, Shatrughna. Dasharatha also had a daughter named Shanta. Once, Kaikeyi saved Dasaratha in a war and as a reward, she got the privilege from Dasaratha to fulfil two of her wishes at any time of her lifetime.

His father Gerico inherited the position of Schultheiß from his father. Johannes's brother Heinrich von Leysen was the founder of Wartenberg (Wartembork, since 1946 Barczewo) and a village, Skaibotten (Skajboty). On 13 October 1353, Leysen received a settlement privilege from the Bishopric of Warmia. In 1372 he was promoted to the German nobility, adding the preposition von.

Most importantly this meant, that peasants trading goods in country stores was outlawed, but at the same time, that the merchants of the town were now officially recognized as having exclusive rights to conducting trade in the town. Although the royal letter of privilege from 1442 has been long lost, the text is known from a transcript from 1648.

There were no more large-scale rebellions. Ducal Prussia became known as a land of protestantism and sectarianism. In 1544 Duke Albert founded the Albertina University in Königsberg, which became the principal educational establishment for Lutheran pastors and theologians of Prussia. In 1560, the university received a royal privilege from King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland.

Jacob Segal praised Robin's effort and research but does not believe Robin succeeds in proving his thesis that conservatism is the defence of privilege from threats from below and that it is not clear that this is the common connection between a vast array of conservative thinkers and individuals.Segal, Jacob. "The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin." (2012): 261-263.

The king's banker, Piotr Tepper, made efforts to build the church and in 1777 he obtained the appropriate privilege from King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The king however reserved for himself the right of choosing the design of the building. The church was designed by Szymon Bogumił Zug and constructed in 1777–1782. Already on 30 December 1781 the congregation's pastor celebrated the inauguration of the church.

The town was founded on 8 January 1488 by Albanian refugees. Led by Cesare Masi, they arrived in an area called Callicari and received the "Licentia Populandi" privilege from Santapau and Centelles, the presidents of the region of Sicily. Therefore, Albanian people established in that area and founded the town. The area was subsequently called Albavilla until in the year 1599, when the name became Biancavilla.

First prize went to artist Paško Vučetić. This wasn't much of a surprise, as Vučetić was sort of the royal painter, who already made two portraits of King Peter I, which was considered a great privilege. From this moment on, one of the "most bitter artistic polemics in our society" ensued. "Večernje Novosti" wrote that Vučetić's model is actually a "chunk of detached bolder".

In 1915, Japan issued the Twenty-One Demands to extort further political and commercial privilege from China, which was accepted by Yuan Shikai.Hoyt, Edwin P., Japan's War: The Great Pacific Conflict, p. 45 Following World War I, Japan acquired the German Empire's sphere of influence in Shandong province,Palmer and Colton, A History of Modern World, p. 725 leading to nationwide anti-Japanese protests and mass demonstrations in China.

In 1716, Jordan and Chevalier parted ways due to a dispute over profits. Jourdan went to Paris where he published the Suite de la clef, ou Journal historique sur les matieres du tems, which existed until 1776. Chevalier received the privilege from Emperor Charles IV, who now ruled Luxembourg, to continue publishing La clef du Cabinet des princes. It was not known who was the editor after Jordan left.

This piece of land and architectural monument reflects 500 years of Leipzig's inner city's history of trading and culture. In the years 1477 to 1498 the first Gewandhaus (garb-house) was constructed there at the so-called Gewandgäßchen and Universitätsstraße. Due to the imperial fair privilege from 1497 Leipzig quickly became very important as an emporium. The Gewandhaus was home to foreign cloth merchants and also hosted the Zeughaus (armory).

Two wooden observation towers were also built. These actions caused local ill feeling and the city council obtained a privilege from King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia on 13 January 1398. This permitted the city to construct moats, landwehrs and towers in and around Frankfurt and Sachsenhausen at their own discretion. The landwehr encompassed the city at a distance of three to four kilometres, approximately marking the political boundaries of the city.

Heinrich Boos, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms, Vol. 2, Berlin, 1890, p. 59 No.94. In 1381, the city obtained a further privilege from King Wenzel, whereby it was given the rights over all the streams that flowed through the city and its suburbs.Heinrich Boos, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms, Vol. 2, p. 507f, No. 783. If the city felt its use of the waters of the Eisbach was restricted they even used force.

Case no. 10-MC-6-SLC, U.S. Distr. Court for the Western District of Wisconsin (June 4, 2010). The argument that an individual who received Form W-2 wages or other compensation is not subject to federal income tax because the individual has "neither requested, obtained, nor exercised any privilege from an agency of government" was ruled frivolous by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in Sullivan v.

In sentencing him to death, the chief justice said: "The natives are entitled to have their characters, property, and lives protected; and as long as they enjoy that privilege from us, they give their affection and allegiance in return".Asiatic Register, 1808; Calcutta: a Poem, London, 1811, p. 109. Russell's house at Calcutta stood in what was later called after him, Russell Street. Here, on 2 March 1800, his wife's niece, Rose Aylmer, died.

The lobby area's original "power plant" design was meant to remove tones of class and privilege from the symphony-going experience; it was upgraded in late 1997 and included several bars. Expansive windows overlooked the street. Built in 1975, Peavey Plaza was designed by landscape architect M. Paul Friedberg who also designed the Loring Greenway. The plaza which holds an amphitheater and water fountain is considered one of the endangered historic properties in Minnesota.

In 1392, the city received an important trade privilege from the king Władysław II Jagiełło. With the coming of peace between Poland and Lithuania, it developed into a trade centre, handling a large portion of commerce between the countries. In 1474, the area around Lublin was carved out of Sandomierz Voivodeship and combined to form the Lublin Voivodeship, the third voivodeship of Lesser Poland. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly.

He left the chair and walked out 'in a more discontented and angry passion than he came in', followed by shouts of "Privilege! Privilege!" from the members. Charles's intended show of strength had failed, he left London less than a week later, and within months the country was plunged into civil war. Lenthall's defence of his office was acknowledged by the House on 9 April, when it awarded him the sum of £6000.

In addition, Britain experienced increased hostilities with Spain, which added to the anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish feelings by the authorities. In 1691 the British Crown ordered all New York officials to swear oaths under the Test Act. These oaths consisted of a series of declarations against the authority of the Catholic Church and its religious practices. All potential officeholders were obliged to swear that they had not received privilege from the Pope.

In 1775 the town received a privilege from the Polish Crown, allowing the sale of foreign silk fabrics to Poland. Other goods were also sold there, including oxen from Poland, Hungarian wine and colonial products. Early 20th-century view of the town During the Napoleonic Wars French troops were stationed in the town. In 1831, several columns of Polish officers and soldiers marched through the town, fleeing the Russian Partition of Poland after the failed November Uprising.

The argument that an individual who received Form W-2 wages is not subject to federal income tax unless the taxpayer has obtained a "privilege from a governmental agency" was ruled frivolous by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Olson v. United States,760 F.2d 1003, 85-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) ¶ 9401 (9th Cir. 1985). and by the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in Prout v.

It was to be the first part of a planned feature film based on the play Lysistrata by Aristophanes, in which Greek women withhold sexual privilege from their husbands and lovers in order to end a war. The short film depicts the gruesome combat between ancient Greek soldiers, resulting in the death of every combatant and the reveal that the entire skirmish was witnessed by a little girl, who runs off to the comfort of an older woman.

Perto () was the Abbot of Farfa from 854/7 to 872.Marios Costambeys, Power and Patronage in the Early Medieval Italy: Local Society, Italian Politics, and the Abbey of Farfa, c.700–900 (Cambridge: 2007), 162n; Marino Marini, Serie cronologica degli abati del monastero di Farfa: Dissertazione epistolare (Rome: 1836), 12–13. Between 857 and 859 he received a privilege from the Emperor Louis II confirming a cella (probably a small monastic house) called Santa Maria del Mignone.

Through his marriage to Maria van der Way in 1661 he obtained, in 1662, the rights of Amsterdam citizenshipAmsterdam City Archive, Poorterboek No. 2\. p. 181. and was able to become a member of the Guild of Saint Luke in 1664.Amsterdam Archive, Guild of St. Lucas, No. 366/365. In 1689, De Wit requested and received a 15-year privilege from the states of Holland and West Friesland that protected his right to publish and sell his maps.

For the forest as a topos in monastic literature, cf. Chris Wickham, "European Forests in the Early Middle Ages: Landscape and Land Clearance", L'ambiente vegetale nell'alto medioevo, Settimane di studio del CISAM, 37 (Spoleto: 1989) 479–548, republished in Wickham, Land and Power: Studies in Italian and European Social History, 400–1200 (London: 1994). Also during Thomas's tenure the abbey received a privilege from Pope John VII in 705, which also recognised that the abbey was founded by "Bishop Laurence".Costambeys, 9.

About 90% of the planned works were completed that year alone. During the construction of the railway, rich deposits of coal were found at the foot of Mount Tresibaba. From 1909 to 1915, only tests were carried out, and in 1915 Savčić received a privilege from the state to exploit 150 ore fields in that territory, which had to be postponed due to the war and the undeveloped railway. During the occupation, mine Tresibaba was exploited by the Bulgarians, and later the Germans.

Klement rebuilt the Będzin Castle (near Zagórze and Klimontów) and a Zych garrison protecting the silver mines of Rosperk was placed at nearby Zychcych (Żychcice). Because of his successes Klement's previous position as Voivode was restored to him. In 1252 he received a privilege from Bolesław Wstydliwy, releasing him and his descendants from all levies and burdens for the benefit of the ruling house, moreover the right of trial and the privilege of building castles and serving other princes. He died in 1256.

Charles V spent nine months in his new territory. Humbert's agreement further stipulated that Dauphiné would be exempted from many taxes (like the gabelle); this statute was the subject of much subsequent parliamentary debate at the regional level, as local leaders sought to defend this regional autonomy and privilege from the state's assaults. The nobility of the Dauphiné took part in the battles of Poitiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415). The province was also the setting for military events during the war.

In 852, or at least before April 853, Paschasius Radbertus was removed and Odo installed as abbot of Corbie. In 855 Corbie received a privilege from Pope Nicholas I. During Odo's abbacy, the monk Ratramnus wrote the treatise De anima (On the Soul). The two developed an important working relationship, with Odo depending on Ratramnus to right tracts on pressing issues even after Odo became a bishop. In 859, Vikings under Weland attacked Corbie, which Odo ably defended, according to Lupus of Ferrières.

At his court hearing the Lord Chief Justice ruled that as an MP, Wilkes was protected by privilege from arrest on a charge of libel. He was soon restored to his seat and he sued his arresters for trespass.www.historyhome.co.uk As a result of this episode, his popular support surged, with people chanting, "Wilkes, Liberty and Number 45", referring to the newspaper. However, he was soon found guilty of libel again and he was sentenced to 22 months imprisonment and a fine of £1,000.

Religious suppression was linked with economic suppression, as well. The resistance of the serfs led Valdštejn to make concessions, among others was the issuing of the privilege from 1612 which changed the duty of statutory labour of the Vsetín serfs into permanent wages. The dissatisfaction of Wallachs, but also the betrayal Valdštejn experienced at the anti-Habsburg rebellion of the Moravian nobility, was the key reason for long-term Wallachian rebellions during the Thirty Years' War (see Moravian Wallachia#History). Vsetín became their centre.

In the meantime, word of the Complutensian project reached Desiderius Erasmus in Rotterdam, who produced his own printed edition of the Greek New Testament. Erasmus obtained an exclusive four-year publishing privilege from Emperor Maximilian and Pope Leo X in 1516. Theodore Beza's Greek NT Text was used primarily, along with Erasmus' Greek NT Text and with various readings from the Complutensian Greek NT Text to form the Textus Receptus published by the Elzevir Brothers in 1633. Erasmus' later editions were a secondary source for the King James Version of the New Testament.

He founded the Académie d'Opéra, which later was renamed the Académie Royale de Musique when control of it passed to Jean-Baptiste Lully. He worked with Robert Cambert, creating with him La Pastorale d'Issy in 1659, and with Jean-Baptiste Boësset, creating La Mort d'Adonis, in 1662. With Cambert, he also created Pomone, which inaugurated the opening of the first "salle de l'Opéra" in 1671, of which he had obtained the privilege from King Louis XIV. He also presented there his Les peines et les plasirs de l'amour.

J.G.R. Andreae Andreae & Co. (informally the Andreasche Apotheke or Andreae Pharmacy) was the first court pharmacy in Hanover and was owned by members of the Andreae family from 1645 to 1803. It was founded in 1639 on Klappenburg by Dr. Joachim Jäger with a ducal privilege from Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The pharmacy quickly came to serve the ducal court and became the official court pharmacy. As Jäger became canonicus at Braunschweig, he sold the pharmacy to Johann Andreae in 1645 with permission from the Duke.

Ole Jørgen Rawert: Hassel Iron Works in Norway, 1805 Hassel Iron Works () was a former mining and iron works company located near the village of Skotselv in Øvre Eiker, Buskerud, Norway.Hassel jernverk (Store norske leksikon)Skotselv i Øvre Eiker kommune i Buskerud (Skotselv) Hassel Iron Works was established in the 17th century and received a royal privilege from King Frederick III of Denmark and Norway in 1649. The mines was in production until 1854, with some operations continuing until the 1870s. Its most important mines were located at Hassel in Modum and Barbu near Arendal.

Griffo only made one set of punches for the Aldine Press, which were used until 1559. Griffo's original italic type did not include capital letters, so many of the Aldine Press publications forwent capital letters. The 1502 publication of the Metamorphoses included Manutius's privilege from the Doge of Venice indicating that any use or imitation of Manutius's Greek and Italic typefaces was forbidden. Despite trying to have the typeface protected legally, Manutius could not stop printers outside of Venice from using his work, which led to the typeface's popularity outside of Italy.

Again, the titillating image of a "loose" priest comes up. In truth, this arrangement may not have been so shocking in an age in which priests traditionally maintained a life-long, live-in "perpetua" - a woman who dedicated her time to the priest as cook, house cleaner and general companion. But Anna held a special place in Vivaldi's heart; in opera after opera he wrote roles specifically for her, moulding the music to her particular vocal strengths and weaknesses. No other singer received such consistent attention and privilege from the composer.

Practically nothing is known about Cavazzoni's life. The approximate year of his birth can be surmised from his remarks in the preface to Intavolatura libro primo, the first collection of his music to be published. The volume was printed in Venice in 1543, and Cavazzoni informs the reader in the preface that he is "not much more than a boy" (anchor quasi fanciullo), which indicates Cavazzoni was around 17 at the time. Cavazzoni's reputation must have been considerably high already at that time, since he was able to secure a privilege from the Venetian council to publish this collection.

Sometime before 1185 Arnold introduced the Augustinian Rule for his cathedral chapter. On 19 March 1185 he acquired a privilege from Pope Lucius III, confirmed in 1186 by Urban III. A royal charter from early in his episcopate portrays him as an ardent defender of the rights of his neglected see. The towns of Alcántara and Cáceres, which had been added to his see in the time of his predecessor minus one Suero I, were lost in that of his immediate predecessor, Peter I, to the Portuguese (1168–69); they were permanently lost to the Almohads in 1174.

In the wake of Nixon's heavy use of executive privilege to block investigations of his actions, Ford was scrupulous in minimizing its usage. However, that complicated his efforts to keep congressional investigations under control. Political scientist Mark J. Rozell concludes that Ford's: : failure to enunciate a formal executive privilege policy made it more difficult to explain his position to Congress. He concludes that Ford's actions were prudent; they likely salvaged executive privilege from the graveyard of eroded presidential entitlements because of his recognition that the Congress was likely to challenge any presidential use of that unpopular perquisite.

In 739 Lucerius received a privilege from King Liutprand confirming its possessions and granting it the freedom to elect its own abbots. In 729 Thrasimund had sworn loyalty to Liutprand, but in this year (739) he had renounced it. Liutprand marched an army into central Italy, forcing Thrasimund to flee to Rome and installing Hilderic as duke in Spoleto. The next year (740), with the aid of Pope Zachary, Thrasimund retook Spoleto and granted Farfa the right to graze its animals on the pasture of the settlement of Germaniciana and also granted it the tithes of that place.

The band were regulars on the London gig scene and also did several tours of the UK, Europe, the U.S. and Japan. The Chocolate Art and Camping ion France live albums were recorded during this time. Various lineup changes and circumstances prevented the recordings for Privilege from being released until 1990. Their subsequent album Closer to God was a combination of sixties style pop and darker material, and was similar in tone to The Painted Word. Treacy later struggled with mental health issues and drug addiction, and from 1998 to June 2004 was incarcerated for theft.

Some academics and practitioners have criticized the expansion of the state secrets privilege from an evidentiary privilege (designed to exclude certain pieces of evidence) to a justiciability doctrine (designed to exclude entire lawsuits). Under its original formulation, the state secrets privilege was meant only to exclude a very narrow class of evidence whose revelation would harm national security. However, in a large percentage of recent cases, courts have gone a step further, dismissing entire cases in which the government asserts the privilege, in essence converting an evidentiary rule into a justiciability rule. The government response has been that in certain cases, the subject of the case is itself privileged.

The first written reference dates back to the 17th century, when German settlers founded a village Dörfl there. In 1712 one Elias Müller from neighbouring Seifenbach (Rýžoviště) received the privilege from the local landowner Count Aloys Thomas Raimund Harrach of establishing a glassworks here, after which the adjacent settlement was renamed Harrachsdorf. St. Wenceslaus Church Since the end of the 19th century, Harrachsdorf has been known for its glass production, textile industry, and mining. At the beginning of the 20th century, industrial production was bolstered by the construction of a cog railway line between Bohemian Tannwald (Tanvald) via the Izera railway down to Silesian Hirschberg (present-day Jelenia Góra).

This persuaded the Warden to release Shirley, and he also had to apologise on his knees to the House of Commons. Shirley then resumed his seat as an MP. Parliament subsequently passed a general act (The Privilege of Parliament Act), which confirmed the privilege of freedom from arrest for Members, but also gave creditors an opportunity to recover what they were owed when the debtor ceased being an MP. This case is generally regarded as having finally settled the question of privilege from arrest in the Commons’ favour, and was cited as Sir Thomas Shirley's Case for centuries afterwards. His sons Thomas, Anthony and Robert were all noted adventurers.

From another perspective, white privilege is a way of conceptualizing racial inequalities that focuses on advantages that white people accrue from their position in society as well as the disadvantages that non-white people experience.Williams, Constraint of Race (2004), p. 11. This same idea is brought to light by Peggy McIntosh, who wrote about white privilege from the perspective of a white individual. McIntosh states in her writing that, "as a white person, I realized I had been taught about racism as something which puts others at a disadvantage, but had been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects, white privilege which puts me at an advantage".

Following her death, her husband Abel Seyler gave up his paternal rights to their three children to his brother-in-law Andreae, who raised them as his own. They were Abel Jacob Gerhard Seyler (1756–1805), who became a court pharmacist and a member of the Illuminati, Ludwig Erdwin Seyler (1758–1836), who became a prominent banker and co-owner of Berenberg Bank, and Sophie Seyler (1762–1833), who married the poet Johann Anton Leisewitz. After Andreae's death in 1793, the Seyler siblings inherited the pharmacy, and employed Philipp Friedrich David Murray (1770–1828) as its administrator. In 1803, Abel Jacob Gerhard Seyler sold the pharmacy to Johann Ludewig Wilhelm Gruner, with a ducal privilege from George III.

Brewster, 408 U.S. 501, 516. Hogan, in his conclusion, wrote: > The existing broad protections of the Speech or Debate Clause – absolute > immunity from prosecution or suit for legislative acts and freedom from > being 'questioned' about those acts (including privilege from the > testimonial act of producing documents in response to a subpoena) – satisfy > the fundamental purpose of the Clause to protect the independence of the > legislature. The Court declines to extend those protections further, holding > that the Speech or Debate Clause does not shield Members of Congress from > the execution of valid search warrants. Congressman Jefferson's > interpretation of the Speech or Debate privilege would have the effect of > converting every congressional office into a taxpayer-subsidized sanctuary > for crime.

Henwood Priory, also known as Estewll Priory, was a medieval monastic house in the West Midlands, England.Houses of Benedictine nuns: Priory of Henwood British History Online No ruins or earthworks exist today; the earthworks were flattened due to agriculture, although a possible moat still exists. It was founded around 1161, although possibly as early as 1149 (during the reign of King Stephen or Henry II, under Walter Durdent, Bishop of Chester (Coventry)) by Ketelberne (Katelbern) de Langdon and it had confirmation of papal privilege from Gregory IX in 1228. It was extended in 1232, but it was in ruins by the early 1530s, and it was still ransacked and destroyed further by Henry VIII in 1536 during the Reformation.

The fact that the enclave was Assyrian, rather than Hittite, and that the city name became the language name, suggest that the Hittites were already in a position of influence, perhaps dominance, in central Anatolia. The main cache of Hittite texts is the approximately 30,000 clay tablet fragments, of which only some have been studied, from the records of the royal city of Hattuša, located on a ridge near what is now Boğazkale, Turkey (formerly named Boğazköy). The records show a gradual rise to power of the Anatolian language speakers over the native Hattians, until at last the kingship became an Anatolian privilege. From then on, little is heard of the Hattians, but the Hittites kept the name.

Town hall The Saint-Nazaire de Lodéran chapel (now disappeared) was mentioned in 1153. 3 Bédarieux was at one time a notable manufacturing centre. Its cloth-weaving industry, carried on under a special royal privilege from the end of the 17th century to the French Revolution, employed in 1789 as many as 5,000 workmen, while some thousand more were occupied in wool and cotton spinning, etc. In spite of the introduction of modern machinery from England, the industries of the place declined, mainly owing to the loss of the trade with the Levant; but in the late 19th century they somewhat revived, owing partly to the opening up of coal mines in the neighbourhood.

Adrien Auzout's "A TABLE of the Apertures of Object-Glasses" from a 1665 article in Philosophical Transactions, showing a table The idea of a published journal with the purpose of "[letting] people know what is happening in the Republic of Letters" was first conceived by François Eudes de Mézeray in 1663. A publication titled Journal littéraire général was supposed to be published to fulfill that goal, but never was. Humanist scholar Denis de Sallo (under the pseudonym "Sieur de Hédouville") and printer Jean Cusson took Mazerai's idea, and obtained a royal privilege from King Louis XIV on 8 August 1664 to establish the Journal des sçavans. The journal's first issue was published on 5 January 1665.

Leaders of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) testified on February 4, 2009 before the United States House Committee on Financial Services subcommittee including Linda Thomsen SEC enforcement director, acting General Counsel Andy Vollmer, Andrew Donohue, Erik Sirri, and Lori Richards and Stephen Luparello of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). The subject of the hearings was the question as to why the SEC had failed to act when Harry Markopolos, a private fraud investigator from Boston, alerted the SEC detailing his persistent and unsuccessful efforts to get the SEC to investigate Bernard L. Madoff, beginning in 1999. Vollmer claimed executive privilege in declining to answer some questions. Subcommittee chairman Paul Kanjorski asked Mr. Vollmer if he had obtained executive privilege from the U.S. attorney general.

The name of the people located in the upper valley of the Verdon is not certain but it may be the Eguiturii. At the end of the Roman Empire the upper valley of the Verdon depended on the civitas and the bishopric of Thorame. It is possible that the first village was built around Notre-Dame-du-Valvert in the High Middle Ages. It would then have been perched at Banivol before moving lower in the 12th to 13th centuries. The village was cited in 1056Ministry of Culture, Mérimée and had its own consulat from 1233, by privilege from the Comte de Provence,André Gouron, Diffusion of Southern consulates and expansion of Roman law in the 12th and 13th centuries, Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, 1963, Vol. 121. p. 49.

Remains of the fortified villa of Sant'Urbano In February 1018, he received a privilege from the Byzantine catepan of Italy, Basil Boioannes, confirming all the abbey's properties in the region of Apulia, which was then under Byzantine control. This privilege was granted on order from the Emperor Basil II and was probably designed to draw the abbot and his brother away from their support for the Apulian rebel Melus of Bari. After the Byzantine victory over Melus at the Battle of Canne in October 1018, some eighty Norman mercenaries escaped and entered the service of the Lombard princes and of the abbot of Montecassino. Atenulf stationed some of the Normans in the castle (oppidum) of Pignataro Interamna in order to ward off the attacks of the counts of Aquino.

Steindamm Church, also known as the Polish Church, in 1908 Poles were among the first professors of the University of Königsberg, which received the royal Law of Privilege from king Sigismund II Augustus of Poland on 28 March 1560. University of Königsberg lecturers included Hieronim Malecki (theology), Maciej Menius (astronomy) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (medicine). Jan Kochanowski and Stanislaw Sarnicki were among the first students known to be Polish, later Florian Ceynowa, Wojciech Kętrzynski and Julian Klaczko studied in Königsberg. For 24 years Celestyn Myślenta (who first registered at the University as "Polonus") was a seven time rector of the university, while Maciej Menius was a three times rector. From 1728 there was a "Polish Seminar" at the seminary of Protestant theology, which operated until the early 1930s and had developed a number of pastors, including Christoph Mrongovius and August Grzybowski.

Machine cancelled U.S. Congressional frank "Privilege" franking is a personally pen- signed or printed facsimile signature of a person with a "franking privilege" such as certain government officials (especially legislators) and others designated by law or Postal Regulations. This allows the letter or other parcel to be sent without the application of a postage stamp. In the United States this is called the "Congressional frank" which can only be used for "Official Business" mail. WWI pen franked "Soldier Mail"In addition to this type of franking privilege, from time to time (especially during wartimes) governments and/or postal administrations also authorize active duty service members and other designated individuals to send mails for free by writing "Free" or "Soldier's Mail" (or equivalent) on the item of mail in lieu of paid postal franking, or by using appropriate free franked postal stationery.

Lawyers are protected by professional privilege from having to disclose advice that they may provide on clients' tax matters. In contrast, and unlike their American counterparts, British accountants do not enjoy such privilege, and are under general obligations to make disclosures to HM Revenue and Customs. The Chairman of HMRC in February 2010 criticised lawyers who exploited this difference to compete with accountants for clients, saying that he would crush any instances of law firms saying "bring your tax issues to us so we can ensure that HMRC can never get access to them".HMRC on warpath with law firm over 'secret' tax advice , Accountancy Age, 11 February 2010 In July 2010, the legal professional privilege was the subject of a Court of Appeal case, in which Prudential plc claimed that it should not have to disclose tax advice received from accountants PricewaterhouseCoopers.

In the common law, spousal privilege (also called marital privilege or husband-wife privilege) is a term used in the law of evidence to describe two separate privileges that apply to spouses: the spousal communications privilege and the spousal testimonial privilege. Both types of privilege are based on the policy of encouraging spousal harmony and preventing spouses from having to condemn, or be condemned by, their spouses: the spousal communications privilege or confidences privilege is a form of privileged communication that protects the contents of confidential communications between spouses during their marriage from testimonial disclosure, while spousal testimonial privilege (also called spousal incompetency and spousal immunity) protects the individual holding the privilege from being called to testify in proceedings relating to his/her spouse. However, the spousal privileges have their roots in the legal fiction that a husband and wife were one person.

One balancing test from American administrative procedure law applies to the question of due process of law, a consideration arising from the Fifth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments to the constitution. Due process questions concern what type of procedures are appropriate when the government takes away property or a privilege from an individual; the individual would argue that the government should have, for example, given them a hearing before taking away their driver's license or cutting off their Social Security benefits. This balancing test, of which it weighs considerations: # Private interest affected by an official action taken by a government agency, official or non-governmental entity (company) acting as a governmental agency. (i.e., how important is the property or privilege that is being withheld or confiscated?) # The risk of some deprivation being erroneously inflicted on the respondent through the process used or if no process is used. (i.e.

Elisabeth Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1668, the Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück, the later Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, had appointed Christian Jäger as his court pharmacist in Iburg and Osnabrück. When Ernest Augustus relocated to Hanover in 1680, Jäger moved his pharmacy as well and demanded the status of court pharmacist and that the Andreae Pharmacy be closed because he claimed to be the "true court pharmacist." This led to over 20 years of legal wrangling between Jäger and Johann Andreae's children, which ended with a settlement.Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens, 1907, Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen, pp. 118–119 In 1732, the widow and children of the deceased court pharmacist Heinrich Leopold Andreae received a confirmation of their ducal privilege from George II. In 1747, his son Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae, the famous natural scientist, became owner of the pharmacy. He was also a noted philanthropist in Hanover.

Similarly, in United States v. Sloan, the taxpayer's contention -- that he is "not a citizen of the United States, but rather, that he is a freeborn, natural individual, a citizen of the State of Indiana, and a 'master'--not 'servant'--of his government" -- was ruled to be not a legal ground for the argument that the taxpayer was not subject to the federal tax laws; the tax evasion conviction was upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.United States v. Sloan, 939 F.2d 499, 91-2 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) ¶ 50,388 (7th Cir. 1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1060, 112 S. Ct. 940 (1992) ("All individuals, freeborn and nonfreeborn, natural and unnatural alike, must pay federal income tax on their wages, regardless of whether they have requested, obtained or exercised any privilege from the federal government"). Similarly, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit stated, in Powers v.

294, 295. Methuen & Co. Ltd. Rochford family members include a soldier in Edward III’s French wars who was charged with the safety of John II of France during his captivity at Somerton Castle, Lincolnshire, a commissioner of Lincolnshire banks and sewers (fenland drainage), one given authority by Richard II to oversee horse and cattle selling in Holland and Kesteven, and between 1344 and 1409, six becoming High Sheriffs of Lincolnshire. Sir Ralph Rochford, who provided for the building of South Stoke St Mary's south chapel, was granted at Stoke free warren—hunting privilege from the King in 1448 on condition of preventing exploitation by others—a position previously held by John de Neville of Ganthorpe during the reign of Edward II. A sculptured high relief slab, possibly of John de Neville and his wife, was found in a field at Ganthorpe now lies in the north chapel, having been installed in the 19th century.

Most of the surviving copies (three out of five) of the Nuyts reprint of the first book are bound together with his edition of the second book. The dating of that bundle is derived from the printer's privilege from the second bundle which was dated 17 November 1548. Nuyts added to the beginning of the title of the first printed book of Bijns the words "yerste boeck" (the first book) without changing the remainder of the title. Nuyts published the second book of Anna Bijns with the title: "Het tweede Boeck vol schoone ende constighe Refereynen / vol scrifturen ende leeringhen / van menigherhande saken / na uutwijsen der regulen die hier int register navolghen / seer subtijlijck ende Rethorijckelijck ghemaeckt vander eersame ende verstandighe maecht Anna Bijns / seer treflijck straffende alle Ketterijen ende dolinghen van desen onsen tijde" ((This is the second book full of beautiful and artful refrains / full of scriptures and doctrines / on various matters / after banning the rules as are set out here in the index below / very subtly and rhetorically made by the honorable and ingenious maiden Anna Bijns / very aptly castizing all heresies and errors of our time).

In 1215 Władysław Spindleshanks' position was further weakened by the growth of the power of Archbishop Henry Kietlicz, who supported the provisions of IV Lateran Council, and the subsequent congress of the Junior princes in Wolbórz, where Leszek I the White, Konrad I of Mazovia, Władysław Odonic and Casimir I of Opole not only agreed to extend the economic and legal benefits for the Church, but also supported the claims of Odonic to obtain his rightful inheritance. Finally, in 1216, in order to avoid an armed confrontation, Spindleshanks gave Odonic the district who previously belonged to his father (the exact territory was a matter of dispute between historians: some believed that Odonic received Southern Greater Poland with the Obra River as frontier, and others consider that the young prince received the entire district of Poznań together with his castle). The agreement between uncle and nephew was confirmed by a Bull of Pope Honorius III issued on 9 February 1217. There has also been an official reconciliation with the Archbishop Kietlicz, who received the privilege from Spindleshanks to receive the revenues from the cistercian monastery of Łekno.

It is not subject to the limitations clause of the Constitution.s 36. Accordingly, the first applicant's suspension was unconstitutional and in violation of her freedom of speech.453E-G. To the extent that Rule 49(3) of the Standing Rules of Parliament excluded matters of privilege from the jurisdiction of the disciplinary committee of Parliament, it was incumbent on the National Assembly to create a disciplinary mechanism which was consonant with the Constitution. The ad hoc committee was not and could not have been an independent and impartial forum for the purposes of section 34 of the Constitution because, unlike the disciplinary committee envisaged in the rules of Parliament, it was dominated by the majority party. Its independence and impartiality was significantly compromised.453H/I--454B. The court held that the exercise of Parliamentary privilege which resulted in the suspension of the first applicant had clearly affected her constitutional rights.s 16.s 33.34.454E/F-F. The law of parliamentary privilege, according to the court, did not qualify as a law of general application for the purposes of section 36 of the Constitution: > It is not codified or capable of ascertainment. Nor is it based on a clear > system of precedent.

Since the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted a series of reforms (from the 1960s onward) to the honours system, few hereditary titles have been created (the last being created in 1990), while life peerages have proliferated, allowing for more openly LGBT persons to be appointed to the House of Lords. However, despite the legalization of civil partnerships for same-sex couples in 2004, spouses of ennobled civil partners have not been allowed the extension of title and privilege from their spouses' ennoblements as those accorded to married opposite-sex spouses of ennobled persons. In July 2012, Conservative MP Oliver Colvile announced a private member's bill, titled "Honours (Equality of Titles for Partners) Bill 2012-13", to amend the honours system to both allow husbands of those made dames and for civil partners of recipients to receive honours by their relationship statuses. Another bill, the Equality (Titles) Bill, which would allow for both female first-born descendants to inherit hereditary titles as well as for "husbands and civil partners" of honours recipients "to use equivalent honorary titles to those available to wives", was introduced by Lord Lucas in the House of Lords on 13 May 2013, but did not progress past Committee stage.