The preliminary design phase is expected to conclude in 2020.
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The company created a preliminary design under a previous contract.
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I wrote up a preliminary design document for all of that.
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SpaceX has begun small hop tests of a preliminary design, nicknamed Starhopper.
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A beautiful cake as well as a beautiful building needs preliminary design.
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We got a look at a preliminary design of the Harriet Tubman $20 bill.
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Lockheed Martin will receive about $20 million over 17 months for QueSST preliminary design work, NASA said.
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The $20 million awarded to Lockheed Martin will fund preliminary design work over the next 17 months.
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Before the delay, designers were "far along" in the process and had completed a preliminary design of the bill.
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Sandia National Labs has unveiled the preliminary design for a new offshore wind turbine with 650-foot turbine blades.
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Once you have a preliminary design and a style of door selected, share your plans with the custom door manufacturer.
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Through the 17-month $20 million award, the team is required to complete a preliminary design for Quiet Supersonic Technology (QueSST).
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His company focuses on the preliminary design phase, including teaching people how to look at the gondola as a complementary transit option.
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Apparently, Phasma's costume sprang from a preliminary design idea for Kylo Ren, whose final all-black look was initially rendered in silver.
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CAL's Urbmobile concept had gotten a $213,000 research grant from the UMTA, but it was only for a preliminary design, not a working prototype.
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The program has made fast progress through its design phase, completing a preliminary design review in 2017 and the critical design review in 2018.
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For example, the new B-21 long-range strike bomber under development by Northrop Grumman just finished preliminary design review, according to Air Force Gen.
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The Air Force has awarded a $600 million contract to Boeing for "preliminary design efforts" on the new Air Force One planes, officials announced Wednesday.
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While the AS2 concept is finished, AS2 will then undergo preliminary design review in October, with the first aircraft beginning construction in about three years.
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"Now we're continuing that supersonic X-plane legacy with this preliminary design award for a quieter supersonic jet with an aim toward passenger flight," Bolden said.
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"We're continuing that supersonic X-plane legacy with this preliminary design award for a quieter supersonic jet with an aim toward passenger flight," the statement read.
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"We are now working on the preliminary design review to modify those aircraft into a new Air Force One," said Ann Stefanek, an Air Force spokeswoman.
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OneWeb said this summer that it is on track to have its satellites in orbit before 2020, but at this point it has only completed the preliminary design review.
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After months of meetings, Skype calls and simulations, the three worked out a preliminary design: a 20-meter-tall building that would cover an area larger than seven football fields.
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SSL and NASA successfully passed the Preliminary Design Review stage for the Restore-L mission, which aims to combine robotics to create a platform for latching onto and refuelling LEO satellites.
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This decision moves the project from its preliminary design phase to its final design and construction phase, after which another review would move it to the system assembly, test, and launch phase.
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The preliminary design for an updated $2628 bill featuring Harriet Tubman was leaked on Friday after Treasury Secretary Steven MnuchinSteven Terner MnuchinFive key players in Trump's trade battles Pelosi warns Mnuchin to stop 'illegal' .
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Transborders hopes to complete preliminary design work on small-scale floating LNG (FLNG) with TechnipFMC and Norway's Add Energy and talks with potential owners of stranded gas resources by the end of this year.
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While the technology previously existed and NASA has already been testing a preliminary design called the Quiet Supersonic Transport, or QueSST, the U.S. government's recently approved 2019 budget includes full funding for the experimental plane.
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On average, "soft costs" — preliminary design and engineering, plus management while construction is underway — make up about 2700 percent of the cost of transit projects in America, according to a 285 report by the Transportation Research Board.
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" Those with or without a design background can find "essential info" in The Architect's Studio Companion: Rules of Thumb for Preliminary Design, 5th Edition, though Surface notes it "may be inaccessible to some due to cost and extensiveness.
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In August, the Air Force awarded Boeing and Northrop Grumman three-year contracts for the preliminary design phase of the Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent intercontinental ballistic missile weapon system program, essentially to replace America's 1970s-era Minuteman III missiles.
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Designers Lockheed Martin will receive $20 million over the next 17 months for preliminary design work with the hopes of having a complete design by 2017 and a working aircraft as early as the fall of 2019, according to USA Today.
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Regardless, the Air Force announced late Monday that Boeing and Northrop Grumman each won three-year contracts for the "technology maturation and risk reduction," or essentially the preliminary design phase, of the Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent intercontinental ballistic missile weapon system program.
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RP was the only polar lander-rover mission under development by NASA (in fact, by any nation, as all of the international missions to the lunar poles are static landers) and would have been ready for preliminary design review at the beginning of 2019.
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Yujnovich replied "no" when Credit Suisse analyst Saul Kavonic asked whether there was concern about reserves in the Prelude gas field, as Shell had already started preliminary design work on a new field, Crux, and was seeking environmental approval for it to supply Prelude FLNG from 2025 onward.
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Drake, who took over as CEO in June 2015, said the company's space business had seen some big achievements last year, including completion of a preliminary design review for the AR1 engine it is developing as an alternative to the Russian-built RD-180 engine that now powers ULA's Atlas 5 rocket.
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Courtesy National Park Service According to a preliminary design, an apron lushly planted with sweet-smelling mulefat and coastal sage will funnel animals up a gentle incline to the crossing, where the landscaped habitat will continue high above ten lanes of freeway, before depositing the animals, ideally none the wiser, in the open space on the far side.
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The preliminary design plans for a new Republic station involves reopening and reusing these staircases.
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A preliminary design for the grade separation and station rebuild is anticipated for Spring 2019.
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The project was revived in early 2018, and a preliminary design was released in June 2019.
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Nextly, preliminary design methods and related case study is introduced briefly by referencing the previous research.
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The preliminary design for this power plant envisions two Francis turbines, each with an installed capacity of 2.5 MW.
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Nude with Poppies (1916), oil on canvas, is a preliminary design for a headboard which Bell painted for Mary Hutchinson.
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30–31, 36–38, figure 3. Palais-Royal. Preliminary design (c. 1719–1720) for the Salon d'Angle (demolished c. 1784)Bédard 2009, pp.
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As of March 2019, a full-scale prototype has been developed and unveiled, and is currently awaiting clearance for a preliminary design review.
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Geiger Engineers performed preliminary design of the roof's mechanization system. Hardesty & Hanover was Engineer of Record for the mechanization system and performed final design.
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As of 2008, on the National Roads Authority website "road scheme activity" section, the N14 is stated to be still at "Preliminary Design" stage.
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The preliminary design includes urban-style elements such as first-floor storefronts and brick facades. The sides facing the river will have courtyards, balconies and elevated gardens.
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Starting flying in 1929, he received his private license in 1930 and by 1935 had flown 30 different types of aircraft in over 200 flying hours. By 1946 he had over 600 flight hours in 62 different aircraft types. Thorp started designing personal aircraft at the Boeing School. As Lockheed Assistant Preliminary Design Engineer, he was responsible for the preliminary design of the P2V "Neptune", Naval patrol bomber.
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Bede Aircraft Company has since re- formed and has been working on several new designs. Before his death in 2015, Bede hinted at a two-seat tandem version of the aircraft, called the "Super BD-5", using a certified aircraft engine and a number of modifications and improvements, but nothing more than a preliminary design drawing was made available."Super BD-5 preliminary design drawing." bd5.com. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
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They are currently in the preliminary design phase of their next generation vehicle, the SSC Tuatara which features a custom-built, twin-turbo V8 engine capable of producing 1,750 horsepower.
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A preliminary design briefing was held in November 2015, and , Final Design Packages were due on 13 January 2016. A Design Weekend was held at Texas A&M; University on 29–30 January 2016 for all invited entrants. The selected pods will compete at the SpaceX Hyperloop Test Track in January 2017. More than 120 student engineering teams were selected from the preliminary design briefing presentations in November to submit final design packages in January 2016.
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The orbiter study will undergo a preliminary design review in March 2018, potentially launching as a secondary payload on another mission in 2020. The Principal Investigator is Michael Malin, from Malin Space Science Systems.
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Preliminary design was done by architect Cesar Pelli, whose designs are reminiscent of his Wells Fargo Center in Minneapolis. The structure has been LEED pre-certified "silver" and won the EPA's "Green design" award.
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Orbital has developed the operational concept and completed the preliminary design for the air-launched rocket. It will be responsible for the development, production, test and operations of the full system and related ground operations.
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Toronto: CANAV Books, 1995. . p. 263. Lear did not have an expert grasp of aeronautical engineering; so far, he had only been able to pay a California aeronautical consultant to undertake very preliminary design explorations.Logie, Stuart.
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Grosveld, Ferdinand W. et al. "Interior Noise Predictions in the Preliminary Design of the Large Civil Tiltrotor (LCTR2)" 20130013992 NASA, 21 May 2013. Accessed: 9 June 2014. Tiltrotors also provide substantially greater cruise altitude capability than helicopters.
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Not all the preliminary designs created during this time are included; there are gaps and missing plans. Unfortunately, many preliminary design workbooks for this period were considered no longer essential and consequently destroyed in the mid-1970s.
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Project began in September 2017 with ISRO grant of . Preliminary Design Review (PDR) of the XPoSat including the POLIX payload was completed in September 2018, followed by preparation of POLIX Qualification Model and beginning of some of its Flight Model components fabrication.
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"India, Russia finalize transport aircraft project" . IndiaStrategic.in. September 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2013. In October 2012, HAL signed a preliminary design contract with UAC, stipulating that joint design work would begin in Moscow, involving 30 Indian engineers as well as UAC's design team.
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The prototype Puma was also under construction in September 2011, having been designed in 2008. There is no indication that the Puma prototype has yet flown. A fixed gear version of the Puma, named the Raptor, entered the preliminary design phase in 2010.
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Such was the case, albeit unsuccessfully, when the Russian battleship Knyaz Suvorov at Tsushima had been sent to the bottom by destroyer launched torpedoes.Corbett (2015) Vol. II p. 445. A preliminary design for the Imperial Japanese Navy's was an "all-big-gun" design.
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NASA JSC press release (01-23-2006) Ad Astra completed a formal Preliminary Design Review (PDR) on the VF-200 engine with NASA in June 2013. This is the initial major design milestone on the path to flying a VF-200 on the ISS.
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The TTC plans to relocate the loop to Park Lawn Road where it will better serve development growth in the Humber Bay Shores area. Although preliminary design work has been done, the project has not been funded due to reductions in the capital program.
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144 The preliminary design for the embassy was criticized by Sukarno. He felt that the small two-story design they produced suggested that the post was unimportant to the United States. He wished to have a larger and more prominent building constructed.Loeffler 1998, p.
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Owings was a leading figure in the team which developed the preliminary design during more than a year of closely guarded, top-level work.Hutxtable, Ada Louise. "Plan for Rebuilding Pennsylvania Ave. Is Near Completion; National Capital's 'Grand Axis' Is to Be Restored," New York Times.
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On 5 June 2020, NASA awarded Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems a $187 million contract to complete the preliminary design of HALO. NASA will sign a separate contract with Northrop for the fabrication of the HALO, and for integration with the PPE, being built by Maxar.
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During the summer season of 2020, group of Zemun's citizens organized petition for the construction of permanent bridge to the island. In September 2020, the municipal administration of Zemun forwarded the preliminary design of the possible bridge, higher than previously designed, to the city administration.
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"She studied mathematics for modern engineering, aeronautics and missile and celestial mechanics." It was unusual for a company that hired a woman for work during the war to keep that woman once the war ended; "Gold" Ross continued to work for Lockheed. In 1952, she joined Lockheed's Advanced Development Program at the then-secret Skunk Works, where she worked on "preliminary design concepts for interplanetary space travel, manned and unmanned earth-orbiting flights, the earliest studies of orbiting satellites for both defense and civilian purposes." She worked on the Agena rocket project, and on preliminary design concepts for flyby missions to Venus and Mars.
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Gardiner and Gray, pp. 38, 70 She was the fourteenth ship of the Royal Navy to bear that name.Colledge and Warlow, p. 108 The Director of Naval Construction began preliminary design work even before the ship was purchased and submitted an outline design on 8 February 1918.
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Currently in the preliminary design phase, this line will run from Wheaton station to Rockville station and connect to the MD 355 line. The initial plan includes 11 stations, with a possible future extension to Montgomery College along that portion of the MD 355 line's route.
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"AIAA-83-2726, Bell-Boeing JVX Tilt Rotor Program." American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 16–18 November 1983. A request for proposals (RFP) was issued in December 1982 for preliminary design work. Interest was expressed by Aérospatiale, Bell Helicopter, Boeing Vertol, Grumman, Lockheed, and Westland.
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A preliminary design briefing was held in November 2015, where more than 120 student engineering teams were selected to submit Final Design Packages due by 13 January 2016. A Design Weekend was held at Texas A&M; University 29–30 January 2016, for all invited entrants.
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The SP-PZO was used until the war in 1939 by the Pomeranian Aeroclub in Toruń. Possibly also the other one was used in this Aeroclub. In 1939 Jerzy Dąbrowski made a preliminary design of a fast fighter plane PZL.55, being a far development of the PZL.
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The squadron's efforts incorporate ATD oversight and management from concept development and preliminary design review through sustainment and program deactivation. By keeping training devices concurrent, cost effective and viable, the 29th TSS guarantees training systems meet present and future warfighters' needs while supporting evolving training demands with modern technology.
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In spring of 2009, TsSKB-Progress won a government contract to develop a new launcher for Russia's human space program. The project was featured in MAKS 2009 Airshow, and preliminary design of the vehicle was expected to be submitted to the Russian space agency Roscosmos by August 2010.
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It was lighter, faster and of more modern construction, than counterparts, with a similar payload, but the crew was 1 instead of 2. Stanisław Prauss next designed a preliminary design of a fast mail plane PZL.17, a counterpart of PWS-54. It was based on the PZL.
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In 2015 the Herbert Engineering Corp. of Alameda, CA began work on a preliminary design for what became the NSMV. The ship dimensions would have to fit the existing mooring berths at the service academies. The design team visited three of the academies to learn of their training requirements.
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Contractors were encouraged to form teams. Bell partnered with Boeing Vertol to submit a proposal for an enlarged version of the Bell XV-15 prototype on 17 February 1983. Being the only proposal received, a preliminary design contract was awarded on 26 April 1983.Norton 2004, pp. 31–33.
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Preliminary design of all the German half-tracks of the early part of the war was done by Dipl.Ing. Ernst Kniepkamp of the Military Automotive Department (Wa Prüf 6) before the Nazis took power in 1933. His designs were then turned over to commercial firms for development and testing.Spielberger, p.
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The first foundation stones were laid both on Tanzanian and Mozambique sides on October 10, 2005. Construction was initially planned to be finished in 2008. In 2005, Norconsult was awarded the contract for preliminary design and construction supervision of the bridge. It was planned to be about 720 m long.
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J. Arbocz and M. W. Hilburger, "Toward a Probabilistic Preliminary Design Criterion for Buckling Critical Composite Shells", AIAA J., 43 (8), pp 1823–1827, 2005.B. Kriegesmann, R. Rolfes, C. Hühne, and A. Kling, "Fast Probabilistic Design Procedure for Axially Compressed Composite Cylinders", Compos. Struct., 93, pp 3140–3149, 2011.).
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On April 17, 2014, Volusia County and FDOT funded a $2.5 million study to investigate the cost, preliminary design and ridership of a SunRail extension to Daytona Beach. As part of this effort, Volusia County wants to see the Interstate 4 median width maintained as a possible future rail corridor.
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Preliminary design of all the German half-tracks of the early part of the war was done by Dipl.Ing. Ernst Kniepkamp of the Military Automotive Department (Wa Prüf 6) before the Nazis took power in 1933. His designs were then turned over to commercial firms for development and testing.Spielberger, p.
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Pilot testing and preliminary design of moving bed biofilm reactors for nitrigen removal at the Frevar wastewater treatment plant. Wat. Sci. Tech. 41(4-5), 13-20. ,Rusten, B., L. J. Hem and H. Ődegaard (1995a). Nitrification of municipal wastewater in moving-bed biofilm reactors. Wat. Environ. Res. 67(1), 75-86.
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After getting in-principle approval from Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Finance and the Prime Minister's Office, preliminary design phase will be completed in one-and-a- half year and will be submitted to government for approval. Further development will start after government sanctions the project.
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Others, noting that "different authors (in both research literature and in textbooks) define different phases of the design process with varying activities occurring within them," have suggested more simplified/generalized models - such as problem definition, conceptual design, preliminary design, detailed design, and design communication.Dym, C.L. & Little, P. (2009). Engineering Design. 3rd ed.
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Milanovich, p. 72 In June 1896, Sir Andrew Noble, then in Japan, telegraphed Armstrong Whitworth to lay down two stock cruisers. Work then began on a preliminary design based on an improved version of the earlier . Several iterations of the design were made before the IJN approved the final design on 21 August.
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Project approval was given in 2013, and in 2015, Severnoye Design Bureau was awarded with a contract for the creation of a smaller non-nuclear and heavier nuclear-powered variant of the future destroyer. In 2016, the Krylov State Scientific Center handed the preliminary design of the destroyer to the Russian Navy. Initially, twelve ships were planned to be built and split between Russia's Northern and Pacific fleets. Later, construction of eight vessels was mentioned. A May 2017 report indicated that the Lider-class destroyer had been dropped from the Russia's State Armament Programme for 2018–2027 due to financing reductions, however in June 2017, United Shipbuilding Corporation announced the Russian Defense Ministry had approved the preliminary design of the Lider class destroyer.
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Preliminary design was carried out in the Park Service's Western Office of Design and Construction, primarily by WODC architect Cecil J. Doty, with assistance from Milton Swatek and Ed Dottery. The preliminary design set forth the Park Service's design intent for size, arrangement and general architectural character. The WODC design was sent to the Kalispell architecture-engineering firm of Brinkman and Lenon, where Burt L. Gewalt was assigned the task of developing detailed design documents. Gewalt made detail changes, increasing the size of the chimney and using stone-embedded concrete, a construction method originally developed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The construction contract was awarded to the Hefte Construction Company of Spokane, Washington in June 1963 for a contract cost of about $136,600.
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Sukhoi Su-57 in flight with landing gear deployed, 2010 In 2007, India and Russia agreed to jointly develop the Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft Programme (FGFA) for India. In September 2010, it was reported that India and Russia had agreed on a preliminary design contract where each country was to invest $6 billion; development of the FGFA was expected to take 8–10 years. The agreement on the preliminary design was to be signed in December 2010. India planned on acquiring a modified version for its FGFA programme. It originally planned on buying 166 single-seat and 48 two-seat fighters, but later changed it to 214 single-seat fighters, and later reduced its purchase to 144 fighters by 2012.
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The first "Spring Styles" book comprises 216 sheets of U.S. Navy "preliminary design" plans prepared by C&R; between March 1911 and September 1925. The earliest of these plans were prepared by C&R;'s Scientific and Computing Branch, established in 1911, and by its successor organization, the Preliminary Design Division of the New Design Section, beginning in 1918. They were drawn in almost all cases by career civilian employees of C&R; under the supervision of Navy Construction Corps naval architects and at the direction of the Navy's command leadership. Many drawings from World War I and immediately afterwards were prepared by naval architect James L. Bates, who began work at the New York Navy Yard in 1903 and joined C&R; three years later.
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He also completed a preliminary design for a crossing of the River Thames at Charing Cross. Jellett joined the firm of Robert Elliott-Cooper in 1932 to become assistant resident engineer for the construction of the Grand Union Canal in Warwickshire, including the construction of 52 new locks and widening and deepening the canal.
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There have been plans made in 2018 to remodel and modernize the Cambrian Park Plaza. Hundreds of townhouses and apartments, a couple of hotels, a convalescent home, a town square and a small park would mix with stores and shops at the renovated Cambrian Park Plaza shopping center, according to recently unveiled preliminary design plans.
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Elmhurst was a station of the Port Washington Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. It was located on Broadway between Cornish and Whitney Avenues in the Elmhurst section of Queens, New York City. In 2014, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) had proposed to rebuild the station. only a preliminary design study is funded.
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Beechcraft considered a jet-powered version in the mid-1970s. The first prototype King Air 200 was re-engined with Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D turbofans in overwing nacelles.Phillips 1992, p. 66. Given the designation PD 290 (for Preliminary Design), the aircraft was flown in this configuration for the first time on March 12, 1975.
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A very early sketch of the i during preliminary design and development of the vehicle. The 2003 Mitsubishi "i" Concept debuted the car's striking exterior. Two prototypes were exhibited during the car's development. The first was the "i" Concept, which debuted at the 60th Frankfurt Motor Show in 2003, and previewed the car's striking exterior.
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Additional feedback from the focus groups, subsequently validated by a senior level working group, resulted in the preliminary design of a more professional looking two-piece utility shipboard uniform that can be worn both at sea and operational support jobs ashore. Wear tests of the prototype two-piece variants are expected to occur in 2017.
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In February 1961 NASA awarded MIT a contract for preliminary design study of a guidance and navigation system for Apollo. MIT and the Delco Electronics Div. of General Motors Corp. were awarded the joint contract for design and production of the Apollo Guidance and Navigation systems for the Command Module and the Lunar Module.
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The E. A. Baker Company of Washington was hired as general contractor. Following several changes to the site's preliminary design, including reducing the height of the proposed backing wall, the Commission of Fine Arts gave its approval in September 1975.1976 Congressional Record, Vol. 122, Page E3685 (February 18, 1976). The memorial cost $59,430 to build ().
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The government budget of 1965 created a research library council (Forskningsbiblioteksrådet, FBR).Olsson (1995), p. 55. A preliminary design document, Biblioteksadministrativt Information System (BAIS) was published in May 1970, and the name LIBRIS, short for Library Information System, was used for a technical subcommittee that started on 1 July 1970.Olsson (1995), p. 103.
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The bridge on the Miljacka river bears the phrase "Festina lente" (meaning "make haste slowly" in Latin). The 38 meter structure cost about 2 million KM, and was based on conceptual ideas and preliminary design by then students in their second year of Product Design at ALU: Amila Hrustić, Adnan Alagić and Bojan Kanlić.
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Bayraktar Akıncı. With the preliminary design phase completed in June 2019, Akinci started engine ground run in August 2019 with a Ukrainian turboprop engine Ivchenko-Progress AI-450C. First engine test was accomplished on September 1, 2019. Following the completion of other technical tests, the aircraft was moved to the Turkish Army's Çorlu Airfield Command.
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Wisconsin was one of the "fast battleship" designs planned in 1938 by the Preliminary Design Branch at the Bureau of Construction and Repair. She was the third of four completed ships of the of battleships. Her keel was laid down on January 25, 1941, at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. She was launched on December 7, 1943, sponsored by Mrs.
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Mars Micro Orbiter (MMO) is a spacecraft mission concept that would place a small and inexpensive satellite in orbit around the planet Mars to study some aspects of the Mars atmosphere in visible and infrared wavelengths. The orbiter study will undergo a preliminary design review in March 2018, potentially launching as a secondary payload on another mission in 2020.
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In June 2017, NASA approved a move from concept development to the preliminary design phase,NASA plans to test asteroid deflection technique designed to prevent Earth impact G Brown. 4 July 2017 and in August 2018 NASA approved the project to start the final design and assembly phase.Asteroid-deflection mission passes key development milestone. 7 September 2018.
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MiG-105 crewed aerodynamics test vehicle The Soviet Union first considered a preliminary design of rocket- launch small spaceplane Lapotok in early 1960s. The Spiral airspace system with small orbital spaceplane and rocket as second stage was developed in the 1960s–1980s. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 was a crewed test vehicle to explore low-speed handling and landing.
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The program is composed of a total of 71 separate projects, of which 46 are eliminating rail junctions and the remainder are eliminating grade crossings. As of November 2017, a total of 29 had been fully completed, 5 were under construction, four are in final design, and another 13 are in the preliminary design and environmental review process.
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The village also wants to use a $50,000 grant from the state to construct a large municipal parking lot near the station. This would get more people to use the station, as because with the lack of facilities, the station is under-used. The preliminary design was made by Jeff Livingston, an architect on the Sloatsburg Revitalization Committee.
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April 23, 1964. Elizabeth Ulman Rowe, chair of the NCPC from 1961 to 1968 On October 1, 1964, the NCPC approved the preliminary design of the FBI building. During the design phase, the architects discovered that the NCPC supported the FBI's desire for a highly secure building, and this influenced the structure's design significantly.Huxtable, Ada Louise.
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In February 2005, the project was approved by the national development and reform commission, PRC. In April 2006, the preliminary design of Zhongyuan tower began. In November 2006, the design scheme of Zhongyuan tower was obtained by the architectural design and research institute of Tongji university. On December 27, 2006, the construction of Zhongyuan tower began formally.
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During early 1932, PZL were authorised to formally proceed with preliminary design work on what would become the PZL.23. An early key design decision was the selection of the British Bristol Pegasus radial engine to power the type, which was domestically produced by Skoda in their Warsaw plant. The emerging design was for a modern combat aircraft, integrating features such as an all-metal body and unconventional wing construction, being built around light closed profiles instead of spars (this wing design had been previously introduced on the PZL.19). During the spring of 1932, the preliminary design was approved in principal by the Aviation Department, however, in accordance with the department's expressed preferences, the ventral gun turret was redesigned for increased field of fire, as well as to accommodate more capable bomb-aiming equipment.
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This phase simply deals with the fabrication aspect of the aircraft to be manufactured. It determines the number, design and location of ribs, spars, sections and other structural elements. All aerodynamic, structural, propulsion, control and performance aspects have already been covered in the preliminary design phase and only the manufacturing remains. Flight simulators for aircraft are also developed at this stage.
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The aircraft was designed in 1929 in Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów, on factory's initiative, specially to participate in the Challenge International de Tourisme 1930 international touring aircraft contest. A preliminary design was made by Major Wacław Makowski, a construction sketches by Augustyn Bobek-Zdaniewski. The plane was built and first flown in spring of 1930 by Franciszek Rutkowski in Biała Podlaska.
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International consultancy firm NIRAS was involved in the production of preliminary design and project propositions. According to official documentation published during 2005, the projected time for the line's completion was eight years from its authorisation, of which construction will take five years. Reportedly, the Copenhagen–Ringsted Line was estimated to incur a one-time cost of $1.83 billion to complete.
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The City entered into an intergovernmental agreement with Gwinnett County in September 2014. The project is in the initial stages of preliminary design as of July 2017. "Phase III Expansion" The south trail head of the Suwanee Creek Greenway currently is in Suwanee Creek Park. Once the extension is complete, the trail head will extend to the Western Gwinnett Bikeway.
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The AL-34 turboshaft engines, which were designed for light aircraft and rotorcraft, were placed centrally inside the hull. Saratov had also finished the preliminary design of the variant, which would have a span of . In addition to its two AL-34 engines, this larger variant would include a pair of Kuznetsov NK-92 ducted propfan engines to provide of forward thrust.
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At AUVSI 2012, Lockheed Martin spoke openly about their status on the project. AAI Corporation was silent about their involvement details, but confirmed they were still in the competition. At the time of expo, neither company had prototype vehicles, but had designs and scale models of their concept vehicles. Previously, both passed DARPA's preliminary design review, which involved computer modeling.
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General supervision of the work was under Col. F. Mears, chairman and chief engineer of the Alaskan Engineering Commission. The preliminary design of the 504-ft. steel span and the design and details of the timber spans and foundation work were made by W. J. H. Fogelstrom, former bridge engineer for the Commission, assisted by F. H. Chapin, assistant bridge engineer.
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Preliminary design for the electrification effort was conducted by Tedem Civil Engineering in the early 2000s, while Yanai Electrical Engineering was selected by Israel Railways in 2011 to carry out the detailed design of the system. In December 2015 Israel Railways announced that the Spanish engineering firm SEMI (Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales) won the tender for constructing the electrification infrastructure.
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For the U.S. Department of Defense Joint-service Vertical take- off/landing Experimental (JVX) aircraft program, Bell Helicopter and Boeing Vertol teamed to submit a bid for an enlarged version of the XV-15 in 1983. The Bell Boeing team received a preliminary design contract that year, which led to the Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey.Norton 2004, pp. 22–33.
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He has been the director of 60 Phd students. His research Group at EPFL has contributed to the preliminary design of Solar Impulse, the Swiss long-range experimental solar-powered aircraft project, and has carried out the mathematical simulation for the optimization of performances of the Alinghi yacht, the winner of two editions (2003 and 2007) of the America’s Cup.
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During the early stages of World War II, when it was going well for Germany, the airline Deutsche Lufthansa raised a requirement for a postwar transatlantic flying boat with a capacity of 100 passengers. Blohm & Voss gave the design work to their Head of Preliminary Design, Hans Amtmann, who had the necessary experience.Amtmann, Hans; The Vanishing paperclips, Monogram (1988), pp.67, 72-73.
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The firm was established in 1905 as Zantzinger & Borie. Zantzinger and Borie were involved in years of preliminary design work on the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The 1911 commission was shared between Z&B; and Horace Trumbauer. Most of the credit for the final building, completed in 1928, is given to architects Howell Lewis Shay and Julian Abele, both from Trumbauer's firm.
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On 13 June 1979, Ontario Premier Bill Davis depressed the plunger on an electronic detonating device at St. Lawrence Hall in downtown Toronto, triggering an explosion on the site. Construction began immediately and continued on to early 1981. Canadian companies were partners on the preliminary design and engineering of the project. Construction of the mountain alone involved a dozen local companies under Cincinnati engineer Curtis D. Summers.
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The prototype was built in four months. "In anticipation of Rutan's retirement, Scaled Composite employees scrambled to get the new design flying in March of this year, only four months after its preliminary design phase." Test hops have been performed with the prototype at Mojave Air and Space Port using propulsion from the wheels. The vehicle has been ground tested up to 80 mph.
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System engineering, spacecraft bus design, integration and testing has been performed by Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. Instrumentation is being improved, with extensive experience brought in from other projects, such as the IMAGE, Cluster and Cassini missions. In June 2009, MMS was allowed to proceed to Phase C, having passed a Preliminary Design Review. The mission passed its Critical Design Review in September 2010.
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Arlington proposed a Bond Package, approved by voters in 2000. As a result, in 2003, the school added an external wing to the school, containing classrooms and computer lab. On May 8, 2006, the Arlington County School Board approved a preliminary design to rebuild the building. Voters approved about $25,000,000 for the project in the 2006 elections and $75,000,000 is on the ballot for next year.
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To accommodate new riders, TriMet will purchase six new light rail vehicles and upgrade the Ruby Junction maintenance facility in Gresham. Preliminary design work began in February 2018. The following month, the Hillsboro City Council authorized funds to study the effects of the extension on the existing MAX at-grade crossing at Southwest 185th Avenue. This may pave the way for grade separation in the future.
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The only R-XX prototype was used in the MDLot with a number 806 until September 1937, when it was written off, then scrapped in 1938. It was planned to use floats for LWS-5 prototype. There was also a preliminary design of a medium bomber R-XXB, from 1934-1935. It was to have a streamlined fuselage and covered gun turrets, similar to R-XXA.
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The Dungeons of Moria, or just Moria, is a roguelike computer game inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings. The game's objective is to kill a Balrog, presumably Durin's Bane, deep within the Mines of Moria. A later port of Moria called Umoria (UNIX Moria) inspired the Angband roguelike game. This game influenced the preliminary design of Blizzard Entertainment's Diablo.
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The completed spacecraft bus was powered on for first time in early 2016. The solar arrays completed a preliminary design audit in 2012, moving to the detailed design phase. Fuel and oxidizer tanks were shipped out to assembly in September 2015. In 2015 the communications subsystems, star trackers, reaction wheels, fine sun sensors, deployment electronics Unit, command telemetry processors, and wire harnesses were delivered for construction.
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This period saw the development and quantity production of the JATO type rocket at Aerojet. After he returned to Douglas Aircraft in March 1944, he resumed work in aerodynamics and preliminary design. He was responsible for the detailed aerodynamic design of the D-558-I Skystreak, which for a period held the world speed record. He was also responsible for the design of the F3D-1 Skynight.
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In 1986 Peres Joined Israel Aerospace Industries as an adviser, working on the IAI Lavi project, in the engineering division preliminary design, using his background as an Air Force pilot and a technologist. In 1988 Peres joined Decision Systems Israel, now known as DSIT, a high tech company engaged in military and civilian software and systems development, and was responsible for new business development.
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The bridge architect, Miguel Rosales of the Boston-based transportation architects Rosales + Partners, provided the conceptual/preliminary design and bridge architecture. The final design and construction was led by the contractors Suffolk Construction Company in a team that included AECOM as engineers of record and Schlaich Bergermann & Partner as design engineers. The construction and real estate development company Gilbane acted as construction manager for the project.
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The Aalto-1 project began in 2010 with a feasibility study, which was conducted as part of a university course on space technology. The study was followed by the publication of a preliminary design in 2011. A critical design review of the satellite was conducted in 2012. In all, over 80 students of Aalto University's School of Electrical Engineering were involved in the project.
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Mishra Dhatu Nigam is developing a new hull material that is expected to allow the submarine to dive to deeper depths than . A scaled down model of the submarine is planned to be tested first. The total cost of the project is estimated to be around . In February 2020, The Economic Times reported that the preliminary design phase of the programme has been successfully completed.
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The second stage will be powered by two BE-3U engines, also designed and manufactured by Blue Origin. BE-3Us are an expander cycle variant of the BE-3 engine, which are explicitly designed for use in upper stages.BE-3 test update, Blue Origin, August 10, 2018, accessed August 15, 2018]. Preliminary design numbers from 2015 projected the BE-3U to have a vacuum thrust of .
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Malin Space Science Systems, which builds and operates camera systems for spacecraft, signed an early development contract with NASA to conduct preliminary design studies. There would be two cameras. One would take pictures during the descent to the surface of Ligeia Mare, and the other would take pictures after landing. A Meteorology and Physical Properties Package (MP3) would be built by the Applied Physics Laboratory.
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Despite its small size, this four-ton, ball-shaped module could play an extremely important role in the Russian space program. The preliminary design was completed on 15 January 2011, when RKK Energia announced that its Scientific and Technical Council (NTS), conducted a meeting which reviewed and approved the preliminary design of the Nodal Module and associated hardware. The meeting also approved the specialized launch craft, a Progress cargo ship designated the Progress M-UM and the adaptation of the Soyuz rocket for the launch of the Progress M-UM spacecraft-module. Annotated image of the Russian Orbital Segment configuration as of 2011, prior to the launch of Nauka and the NM. Initially, the nodal module was expected to be incorporated into the ISS in 2012, but the launch has been postponed several times because of the delays with Nauka module, which should be launched prior to Prichal.
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The company's first aircraft, the Learjet 23 Learjet was one of the first companies to manufacture a private, luxury aircraft. Lear's preliminary design was based upon an experimental American military aircraft known as the Marvel, substituting fuselage-mounted turbojet engines for ducted fan turboshaft engines.Condon, Peter. Flying the Classic Learjet. Dorval: Condon. 2007. However, that preliminary design was abandoned and the final Learjet design was instead adapted from an abortive 1950s Swiss ground- attack fighter aircraft, the FFA P-16.Georges Bridel, Verkehrshaus der Schweiz, Luzern 1975, . The basic structure of the Swiss P-16 aircraft was seen by Bill Lear and his team as a good starting point to the development of a business jet, and formed the Swiss American Aircraft Corporation, located in Altenrhein, Switzerland and staffed with design engineers from Switzerland, Germany and Britain. The aircraft was originally intended to be called the SAAC-23.
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In testimony on 27 March 2019, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine hinted that NASA would continue Roman after the James Webb Space Telescope, stating "WFIRST will be a critical mission when James Webb is on orbit". In a 26 March 2019 presentation to the National Academies' Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics, NASA Astrophysics Division Director Paul Hertz stated that Roman "is maintaining its US$3.2 billion cost for now... We need US$542 million in FY2020 to stay on track". At that time, it was stated that Roman would hold its Preliminary Design Review for the overall mission in October 2019 followed by a formal mission confirmation in early 2020. NASA announced the completion of the Preliminary Design Review on 1 November 2019, but warned that though the mission remained on track for a 2025 launch date, shortfalls in the Senate's FY2020 budget proposal for Roman threatened to delay it further.
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The slowest portion of the corridor is the segment between Chicago and Joliet, but improving this would require an additional $1.5 billion investment. Two projects proposed from the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program (CREATE) would remove two diamond crossings and construct an overpass to increase train speed and eliminate delays. One project is in the preliminary design phase while the proposed flyover at Brighton Park crossing is unfunded.
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The net savings reduced the preliminary design displacement to standard, though the margin remained tight. This breakthrough was shown to the General Board as part of a series of designs on 2 June 1938.Friedman, p. 311. However, the Bureau of Ordnance continued working on the turret with the larger barbette, while the Bureau of Construction and Repair used the smaller barbettes in the contract design of the new battleships.
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Since 2010, GE has been developing and testing T901-specific technologies. The second GE3000 was tested for performance, endurance, and sand ingestion in late spring 2014. In 2016, the Army awarded GE Aviation a 24-month contract for the T901 preliminary design review, and the prototype six month testing was completed in October 2017. The GE3000 engine was officially designated as the T901-GE-900 engine in January 2017.
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The ship was built by the Zenith Dredge Company in Duluth, Minnesota. Brambles preliminary design was completed by the United States Lighthouse Service and the final design was produced by Marine Iron and Shipbuilding Corporation in Duluth. On 2 August 1943 the keel was laid, she was launched on 23 October 1943 and commissioned on 22 April 1944. The original cost for the hull and machinery was $925,464.
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Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves the formulation of safety regulations and damage control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
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Aero was formed in Culver City, California, in 1944 to design and manufacture a light twin-engined transport aircraft. Ted Smith, a former project engineer at Douglas Aircraft Company, assembled a team of 14 engineers to design what would be the Aero Commander. Preliminary design was completed in 1946. The first prototype took flight on April 23, 1948, and was certified by the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) in June, 1950.
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Prior to that conversation Busso had done preliminary design work for three front-wheel drive concepts. His first was done in 1946 while still at Ferrari, and a second in 1948 after he moved to Alfa Romeo. The third, started in April 1952, was code-named Project 13-61 and was a design for a car powered by a two- cylinder engine mounted transversely driving the front wheels.
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Preliminary design studies had employed twin vertical fin/rudders. The wings, vertical stabilizer and the nose radome folded for carrier stowage. The Vigilante had a crew of two seated in tandem, a pilot and a bombardier-navigator (BN) (reconnaissance/attack navigator (RAN) on later reconnaissance versions) seated on North American HS-1A ejection seats.Aerofax Minigraph 9: North American Rockwell A3J/A-5 Vigilante; Michael Grove and Jay Miller; Aerofax, Inc.
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In 1962, discussions between the British Aircraft Corporation and Sud Aviation began, regarding the possibility of a supersonic transport aircraft. The final collaboration would be that of the successors, British Aerospace and Aerospatiale, respectively. In May 1964, they agreed the preliminary design of the Mach 2 Concorde. Assembly of the British prototype began at Filton in 1966, the same year that John Cochrane was appointed project test pilot.
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Once the trusses were secured to one barge, the transporters were moved to the other half of the trusses to move them onto the second barge. After construction was complete, each gantry was proof tested with a load. VB-10,000 was towed from the yard on . Versabar announced that preliminary design work on a larger successor for operations outside the Gulf of Mexico was under way in April 2015.
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After the war he continued to work in this field until 1958. He then became a research physicist at the Scripps Institute, and later accepted a position at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1960. There he was responsible for the cameras on the Ranger spacecraft exploring the Moon. At the time of his death he had worked out the preliminary design for the camera system of the Voyager space mission.
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The principal engineer for turbopump development at Aerojet was George Bosco. During the second half of 1947, Bosco and his group learned about the pump work of others and made preliminary design studies. Aerojet representatives visited Ohio State University where Florant was working on hydrogen pumps, and consulted Dietrich Singelmann, a German pump expert at Wright Field. Bosco subsequently used Singelmann's data in designing Aerojet's first hydrogen pump.
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Preliminary design of all the German half-tracks of the early part of the war was done by Dipl.Ing. Ernst Kniepkamp of the Military Automotive Department (Wa Prüf 6) before the Nazis took power in 1933. His designs were then turned over to commercial firms for development and testing.Spielberger, p. 24 Borgward was assigned to develop the towing vehicle with the first HL. kl. 2 prototype produced in 1933.
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Churchill Bridge in Labrador — Design of a 360-metre-long bridge and its innovative launch over the Churchill River. This bridge, built as part of a turnkey contract, connects Labrador to the Trans Canada road network. 2007 – Innovative Steel Construction award by the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction. Boulevard Duplessis in Quebec City — Updated the preliminary design, prepared the preliminary and definitive plans and specifications and supervised the work.
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Book 3 includes 75 individual sheets of "preliminary design" plans created between October 1939 and November 1944. Like Book 1, this album is loose-leaf with individual plans created in a variety of sizes. Many of these plans, drawn in ink and pencil on pale off-white drafting paper or linen, also contain informal pencilled notations. Most are drawn to a scale of 1/32 inch to one foot.
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Preliminary design of all the German half-tracks of the early part of the war was done by Dipl.Ing. Ernst Kniepkamp of the "Military Automotive Department" (Wa Prüf 6) before the Nazis took power in 1933. His designs were then turned over to commercial firms for development and testing.Spielberger, p. 24 Daimler-Benz had been working on its own half- track design during 1931—32, the ZD.5.
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In 2009, it was planned to start the first preparatory measures for the new line as of 2011 and a financing agreement was concluded to that effect. Construction would take six years according to plans from 2007. The railway was expected to have a construction cost of about €2 billion in 2007. In February 2008, DB AG called Europe-wide tenders for the preliminary design and approval planning.
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In early 2019, Leonardo selected the General Electric CT7 to power the aircraft. The preliminary design review began in December 2018, to end by the first quarter of 2019, while the critical design review is planned for 2020. Prototype construction is planned for 2021–22. Performance tests are foreseen mid of 2019 at the DNW, the German-Dutch Wind Tunnels, and will be coordinated by the Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR).
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A computer animation movie released by MassDOT showed the complex six-stage rehabilitation process in great detail, including temporary installation of a "shoo-fly track" (bypass track) to allow the permanent railbed at the midline of the span to be rebuilt. The design/build phase of the bridge was assigned to the joint venture team of contractors White-Skanska-Conslgli under supervision by MassDOT. Preliminary design engineering was performed by Jacobs Engineering. STV, Inc.
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On 31 October 2013, General Dynamics successfully completed a preliminary design review of their GCV IFV design. Subsystem and component design reviews were held from August to October of that year and led to the four-day PDR. General Dynamics demonstrated their vehicle met Tier 1 affordability, reliability, and other requirements. The success of the PDR meant that the General Dynamics GCV IFV could be expected to be operationally effective and suitable.
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In the preliminary design, the construction costs (without planning costs) was estimated at DM 215 million at 1975 prices. 26 percent of this was for by land acquisition, compensation and preliminary work in Mannheim and another 31 percent was attributed to bridges. 20.5 percent attributed to substructure and superstructure, 3.5 percent for the local stations and 19 percent for railway technical equipment. The planning cost was DM 260 million at the end of 1981.
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When ABMA became part of NASA in 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and the Preliminary Design Section became the Future Projects Office. The Office served to coordinate between MSFC and NASA as a whole, as well as continuing to study new missions based on the Saturn rockets. In 1960 Koelle became a naturalized American citizen. He took his doctorate in Engineering at the Technical University of Berlin in 1963.
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RAND was created after individuals in the War Department, the Office of Scientific Research and Development, and industry began to discuss the need for a private organization to connect operational research with research and development decisions. On 1 October 1945, Project RAND was set up under special contract to the Douglas Aircraft Company and began operations in December 1945. In May 1946, the Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship was released.
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This new 4/5 passenger General Aviation aircraft programme was launched as a part of the 10th FYP network programme. Following the successful certification of HANSA-3, NAL proposed the development of a 5-seater general aviation aircraft to be carried out during the 10th Plan. However the proposal was approved only in May 2005 and thus spilled over into the 11th Plan. Work on preliminary design of the aircraft commenced in October 2006.
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The main wing incorporated forebody strakes to enhance vortex generation for high angle of attack maneuverability, negative stability for improved subsonic lift and reduced supersonic drag. It was built around a 40-inch fuselage stretch. Both the large wing and fuselage stretch yielded a dramatic increase in range at all speeds. In 1979, with a strong positive response by the USAF, GD released the Model 400 for a company funded preliminary design effort..
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Inspired by the use of gliders by Germany, the United States Navy and USMC initiated a glider program in May 1941. Two glider types were envisioned, a 12-seat and a 24 seat-type. The Naval Aircraft Factory was requested to undertake preliminary design of the gliders, which were to be constructed of wood or composite materials. The idea was to have enough gliders to transport one battalion of Marines (715 men) with equipment.
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ISRO scientists approved the preliminary design review after having a set of meetings with detailed presentations by the students. The initial four member team expanded to around 45 students from 10 different colleges. Seven of the colleges formed a consortium to provide the financial sponsorship for the project. The colleges are bound by an internal MOU, led by Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore as representative college to sign official MOU with ISRO.
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Behind the facade of the church of San Zaccaria, at least four large works by Aliense are preserved. In 1559 the Benedictine monks of San Giorgio Maggiore decided to renovate their church. They commissioned Palladio to execute the work but at the time of his death, twenty one years later, it was still unfinished. The abbot then summoned Vassilacchi to select the best, in his opinion, preliminary design for the central altar of the church.
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However, including all disciplines simultaneously significantly increases the complexity of the problem. These techniques have been used in a number of fields, including automobile design, naval architecture, electronics, architecture, computers, and electricity distribution. However, the largest number of applications have been in the field of aerospace engineering, such as aircraft and spacecraft design. For example, the proposed Boeing blended wing body (BWB) aircraft concept has used MDO extensively in the conceptual and preliminary design stages.
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Accessed: 11 October 2013. Awards were also given to AVX Aircraft, Karem Aircraft, and a Sikorsky-Boeing team. The JMR program is not intended to develop a prototype for the next family of vehicles, but to develop technologies and interfaces. The TIAs give the four teams nine months to complete preliminary design of their rotorcraft, which the Army will then review and authorize the construction of two competing demonstrators to fly in 2017.
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Fundamentally, the purpose of the DATCOM (Data Compendium), is to provide a systematic summary of methods for estimating basic stability and control derivatives. The DATCOM is organized in such a way that it is self-sufficient. For any given flight condition and configuration the complete set of derivatives can be determined without resort to outside information. The book is intended to be used for preliminary design purposes before the acquisition of test data.
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By May 2010, the preliminary design phase had been completed and construction of the first prototype was set to commence, with the aim of completion around the end of that year.Francis, Leithen. "KAI to complete its first general aviation aircraft around year-end." Flight International, 21 May 2010. Commenting in 2011, the company stated that it expected deliveries to commence during mid-2013, and that each aircraft would have a forecast price of US$575,000.
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Elkus / Manfredi Architects is an architectural firm based in Boston, Massachusetts that includes as principals Howard F. Elkus and David Manfredi, both fellows of the American Institute of Architects.David P. Manfredi Elkus/ Manfredi Architects The firm was established in 1988. Its international projects include Sochi Grand Marina and the Galleria at Sowwah Square. In 2014–2015, the firm did lead preliminary design work on the abortive Boston bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics proposals.
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Copeland reintroduced the measure (S. 494) on January 10, 1939, and it passed both houses of Congress on February 27. President Roosevelt signed it into law (Public Law No. 5) on March 7, 1939. Meanwhile, Captain Whithurst's preliminary design for the bridge was approved by both the National Capital Planning Commission and the United States Commission of Fine Arts. As the city began crafting is fiscal 1939 budget, Captain Whitehurst adopted a new legislative strategy.
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The nearly-complete Hemicycle in late 1931 The Hemicycle was never completed. Plans called for a large statuary figure to be placed in the central apse. On December 20, 1935, the CFA approved a preliminary design submitted by sculptor Adolph Alexander Weinman of a warrior youth, head bowed, supported by clouds beneath his feet. His left hand would hold a sheathed sword (symbol of duty performed), and his right hand would be raised in salute.
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In June 1923, the New York City Board of Estimate approved the Clark site, in spite of protests from local parents. By 1924, a preliminary design for the school was in place, created with the Clark estate site in mind. The Clark site was officially chosen 1925. Because of the topography of the area, it was decided to build the school facing south towards Gothic Drive, as opposed to facing 168th Street.
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Preliminary design tests on hull form were conducted by at the University of Michigan determining the best form for minimum wave making resistance in shallow water at high speeds. With a carrying capacity of 6,000 passengers, it had the largest passenger-carrying capacity of any riverboat built at the time of its construction. The steel hulled steamer measured length overall, beam over all, molded beam, depth and draft. The ship's tonnage was .
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In May 1934 Vogt's team was joined by Hans Amtmann, coming like Mewes from Heinkel and bringing to the team his experience of large flying boats. Amtmann made a good impression and was soon appointed Head of Preliminary Design. Other members included Richard Schubert as Head of Aerodynamics and George Haag as head of wing design. The only type to enter service during this period was the Ha 139 long-range seaplane mail carrier.
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On March 13, 2013, Chris Hansen's group released preliminary design renderings of the arena's interior. Configured to support both basketball and ice hockey, the renderings illustrated two unique seating options. Small sideline "pocket" suites would be less than ten rows from the floor. In the upper tier of the arena, three "Sonic Ring" sections would have allowed for expanded standing-room seating that could be opened or closed based on event capacity needs.
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NEXT completed its System Requirement Review in July 2015 and Preliminary Design Review in February 2016. The first two flight units will be available in early 2019. The CAESAR mission concept to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko was a finalist for the New Frontiers program mission #4, and if selected it would have been propelled by the NEXT ion engine. However, on 27 June 2019, the other finalist, the Dragonfly mission, was chosen instead.
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After this first discussion, the regional planning procedure could be initiated. As part of the preliminary design, numerous options were examined. In early 2002, the board of Deutsche Bahn decided to initiate the regional planning procedure for the new line with an option following autobahns 5, 67 and 6. This option has proved to be the cheapest; it would enable the highest traffic growth and would be the most environmentally and economically viable option.
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Movements of various celestial bodies can be accelerated in order to make astronomical concepts clear. There were three partners for the construction: the EEC (50%), the Flemish General Commissioner's office for Tourism (40%) and the local authority of Genk (10%). The EEC had given permission for this project in 1987. Two files were prepared, for the planetarium instrument and the construction. Architect Jos Hanssen made a preliminary design and later a final design for the amount of €450 000.
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On 16 March 2009, Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Limited was employed to undertake the investigation and preliminary design of Cross Bay Link. A My vision of the Cross Bay Link Design Ideas Invitation event was held in August 2009 and the winning entry was selected on 9 November 2009. In March 2010, six bridge design options collected have been developed for detailed evaluation.將軍澳跨灣大橋六揀一 The Sun.
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Route of the Illini and Saluki The Illini and Saluki operates over the Canadian National Railway, successor to the Illinois Central. The route is long. The Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program (CREATE) is in the preliminary design phase for the Grand Crossing Project. This project will reroute the Illini, Saluki, and City of New Orleans trains from Canadian National Railway's tracks to Norfolk Southern's Chicago Line in the Greater Grand Crossing neighborhood in Chicago.
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Cable-stayed design with a single pylon The competition for the preliminary design of the bridge was held in 2004. Twelve companies submitted bids, with the winning design by the Slovenian company Ponting. The bridge designers were the architects Viktor Markelj and Peter Gabrijelčič. The winning conceptual design was unanimously selected by the jury which was chaired by Nikola Hajdin, President of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the architect of the New Railroad Bridge.
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After recovering, Schmued went to work for "Dutch" Kindelberger in early 1936 as a preliminary design engineer. He was involved in the XB-21 (designing the front turret), creating the NA-50 single-engine fighter for Peru then going on to design work on the NA-62 (later the B-25 Mitchell). Schmued later became Chief of Preliminary Design.Bloom 2007. p. 16. NA-35 (later Vega 35) is shown at NAA's facility, with Edgar Schmued standing at the right.
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Currently, almost all of the academic activities have been shifted to the new campus. A ‘star concept’ diagram, overlaying vision, site, programme and quality, was used as a template to zone various facilities and initiate the preliminary design, An-Nur Mosque, also known as the floating mosque, was completed in 2005. The Chancellor Hall of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS is part of the academic complex that was designed by the British architectural design and engineering firm, Foster and Partners.
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The preliminary design of the church was performed in the Department of Civil Engineering Design of Public Works in Berlin in May 1908. The main architect and builder was Oskar Hoßfeld (1848-1915), from Thuringia. He was at the time considered as a specialist in the construction of churches, such as in Poznan, Szczecin or Legnica. During the building in Bydgoszcz, he was assisted by a city senior official, Mr Herrmann and builder managers, Mr Handke and Mr Asmann.
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Indiana will contribute $17 million to restart and lead the environmental studies that will culminate in an approved environmental impact statement (EIS) and record of decision (ROD) that will allow construction to begin. Environmental studies are expected to take about three years to complete, with right-of-way acquisition and construction expected to begin thereafter. Parsons Transportation Group, a California-based firm with offices in Indiana, was picked to complete environmental and preliminary design work on November 15, 2016.
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Water will be conveyed from the first to the latter by a 8,750 m long and 3.3 m diameter underground penstock, and from six smaller water intakes on Mala Reka tributaries via supply canals totalling 10.7 km. It will generate an estimated 117 GWh of power per year, according to the preliminary design studies. The total cost of the project was estimated €144 million as of 2019, rising from €84 million in 2011, and €107 million in 2014.
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HMM led 12 design consultants and a team of about 100 people to complete the design of over 65 kilometers of new highway improvements, including 40 bridge structures. The project has reportedly won more than a dozen national and international awards, including Canada's Lieutenant Governor's Award. From 2007 to 2012, HMM provided project management, preliminary design, environmental engineering, permitting, and right-of-way acquisition services for three segments of the California High-Speed Rail system, each with challenging elements.
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Coates, p. 210 To those who argued that the pipeline would irrevocably alter Alaska wilderness, proponents pointed to the overgrown remnants of the Fairbanks Gold Rush, most of which had been erased 70 years later.Coates, p. 211 Some pipeline opponents were satisfied by Alyeska's preliminary design, which incorporated underground and raised crossings for caribou and other big game, gravel and styrofoam insulation to prevent permafrost melting, automatic leak detection and shutoff, and other techniques.Coates, p. 231.
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The design of a slurry wall (diaphragm wall) includes the design of wall thickness and reinforcements. Thickness of a slurry wall in preliminary design is generally set to about 4-8% of the excavation depth. Slurry wall design is undertaken based on bending moment and shear envelope obtained from the stress analysis. In the design of such underground walls, width of the unit is considered as one meter, and the wall is analyzed under plane strain condition.
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In August 2010 further funding was awarded for detailed design work scheduled for completion by 2012. Launch of the three satellites is scheduled for NET March 2019. Also in the 2009 Federal budget, the agency was awarded funding for the preliminary design of robotic Lunar/Martian rovers. On February 28, 2019, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced Canada's commitment to the Lunar Gateway, an international NASA-led project to put a small space station in lunar orbit.
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Retrieved on July 23, 2013 It would investigate Europa's habitability and assess its astrobiological potential by confirming the existence and determining the characteristics of water within and below Europa's icy shell. Northrop Grumman was selected on September 20, 2004 for a US$400 million preliminary design contract, beating Lockheed Martin and Boeing IDS. The contract was to have run through to 2008. Separate contracts, covering construction and individual instruments, were to be awarded at a later date.
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PS knots have found applications in aerospace problems such as the ascent guidance of a launch vehicles, and advancing the Aldrin Cycler through the use of solar sails.Stevens, R. and Ross, I. M., Preliminary Design of Earth–Mars Cyclers Using Solar Sails, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2004. Stevens, R., Ross, I. M. and Matousek, S. E., "Earth-Mars Return Trajectories Using Solar Sails," 55th International Astronautical Congress, Vancouver, Canada, IAC-04-A.
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A revised preliminary design was approved in July 1992, and the final design in March 1995. Ground was broken for the memorial in June 1995, and the structure dedicated on October 18, 1997. The memorial is notable for its successful mixing of Neoclassical and Modern architecture. The memorial largely retained the Hemicycle, but added a widely praised skylight on the Hemicycle terrace that incorporates not only memorials to servicewomen but also acts as a transition to the memorial below.
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Although Amboy stood only about one-half mile east of the river, there was no nearby highway bridge. A road did enter Amboy from the west, but it crossed the river at a shallows known as Dodd Ford, which apparently was often an obstacle to vehicular traffic. In the fall of 1900 the Blue Earth County Board of Commissioners decided to have a bridge built at that location. The official county surveyor N.F. Brooks prepared the preliminary design documents.
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The CFA and NCPC first gave serious consideration to Kendall's preliminary design for the Virginia bridge approaches in January 1926, when they met jointly to discuss how the Virginia Arlington Memorial Bridge terminus would serve as a gateway to Washington, D.C."Commissions Plan Gateway in Virginia as City Entrance." Washington Post. January 8, 1926. The two bodies agreed to proceed with a refinement by urban planner C.A.S. Sinclair, who proposed a series of roads radiating outward from the bridge.
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Naval Historical Center. Bureau of Ships' "Spring Styles" Book # 3 (1939–1944) – (Naval Historical Center Lot # S-511) – Battleship Preliminary Design Drawings. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 1940 study plan, BB65 Scheme 4 (BB65-4) The Navy had been considering large battleship design schemes since 1938 to counter the threat posed by potential battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which had refused to sign the Second London Naval Treaty and furthermore refused to provide details about its s.
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Ted Stryk, Russia's Venera-D mission (DPS-EPSC 2011), Planetary Society, 10 May 2011 (accessed 25 November 2013) By the beginning of 2011, the Venera-D project entered Phase A (Preliminary Design) stage of development. Following the loss of the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft in November 2011 and resulting delays in all Russian planetary projects (with the exception of ExoMars, a joint effort with the European Space Agency), the implementation of the project was again delayed to no earlier than 2026.
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The Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation (now Mahametro) launched a global competition on 5 June 2015 inviting bids for the Zero Mile and Sitaburdi metro stations. Twenty-three architecture firms submitted designs in response. The metro authority shortlisted 13 firms for the detailed design stage, and eventually requested four firms to submit designs. A panel of architects appointed by the authority to pick the winning design, and the preliminary design of the winning entry was unveiled by the metro authority in May 2016.
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Since then, multiple writers have written for Plankton without Lawrence's involvement, including the teams of writers responsible for Plankton's starring roles in both SpongeBob films. Lawrence continues to write Plankton episodes, having said in 2015, "I'm not just his voice. I get to create how the character is written and how he evolves over time." Preliminary design sketches for Plankton depict him in a robotic suit, with Karen's system built into it; that suit does not appear in the series.
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The J-2 was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine used on NASA's Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles. Built in the U.S. by Rocketdyne, the J-2 burned cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants, with each engine producing of thrust in vacuum. The engine's preliminary design dates back to recommendations of the 1959 Silverstein Committee. Rocketdyne won approval to develop the J-2 in June 1960 and the first flight, AS-201, occurred on 26 February 1966.
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Under the plan, I-95 would be rerouted to follow the turnpike between the new interchange and the New Jersey border. In addition, the interchange would serve as the new terminus of an extended I-295. The area's residents, who thought the interchange would lead to a decline in their quality of life, opposed this plan. An environmental impact statement was released in 2003. The interchange received environmental approval in 2004, the preliminary design was completed in 2008, and the final design followed.
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He removed the initial problems and raised the reactor power in steps, after commissioning of all the systems. The reactor was connected to the grid and electricity was generated in July 1997 at 10 MW power. In September 2002 the indigenously designed and fabricated fuel reached a burn up of 100,000 MWd/t without any failure. In 1985, he was designated as the Head of Nuclear Systems Division and was responsible for the preliminary design of 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR).
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The University Senate committee produced a preliminary design and the Sydney firm of Hennessy, Hennessy & Co was appointed as architects for the project. They produced the Great Court plan with its sandstone, classically inspired buildings that remains central to the University and which influenced later building. The foundation stone was laid in 1937 but the Second World War disrupted work and the main building was used as the headquarters of General Sir Thomas Blamey, head of the Australian Defence forces.
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Engineering for the first of four phases of design for the facility was completed by the British Columbia office of WorleyParsons at a cost of $900,000. This phase included preliminary design work and construction requirements. Construction was originally expected to begin in 2011, and the facility was expected to be operational by 2014. Nyrstar NV, a mining and metals company, began performing remediation work in late 2010 with the tanks from the old tank farm being disposed of in 2011.
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Sawyer was born on June 20, 1901, in Schenectady, New York, but lived most of his life in Ho-Ho- Kus, New Jersey (Ridgewood, Bergen County). He received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Ohio State University in 1923 followed by a master's degree in mechanical engineering in 1930. His undergraduate thesis was entitled "Preliminary Design of 60,000 kw Steam Power Station". After receiving his undergraduate degree, Sawyer began working for General Electric, where he designed and developed early diesel locomotives.
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Old Salem Visitation Center Old Salem's Visitor Center was built in 2003 and is the main location where museum visitors purchase tickets. The building features a large concourse along a serpentine glass wall with interpretive panels about the history of Wachovia and Salem. The preliminary design was developed by Venturi Scott Brown and Associates, with local firm Calloway, Johnson, Moore, and West completing the project. The building also houses a food service, gift shops, and the James A. Gray Jr. Auditorium.
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The design of the I-69 Ohio River Crossing has not yet been defined. A $17 million contract to be awarded by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) in late 2016 will employ a consulting firm to complete required environmental studies and preliminary design of the bridge. Completion of that work is scheduled for the end of 2020. The I-69 ORX will be constructed about east (upstream) of the existing US 41 bridges linking Evansville, Indiana, with Henderson, Kentucky.
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The Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation (now Mahametro) launched a global competition on 5 June 2015 inviting bids for the Sitaburdi and Zero Mile metro stations. Twenty-three architecture firms submitted designs in response. The metro authority shortlisted 13 firms for the detailed design stage, and eventually requested four firms to submit designs. A panel of architects appointed by the authority to pick the winning design, and the preliminary design of the winning entry was unveiled by the metro authority in May 2016.
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The original architect for the NYBG was Calvert Vaux (co-designer of Central Park). He served as an adviser during the formulation of the preliminary design along with Samuel Parsons. The plan they developed together was submitted in 1896 (shortly after Vaux's death), and was ultimately followed almost exactly, except for the location of the conservatory. From the time the land was secured for the park nearly until the Conservatory construction began, the placement of the conservatory within the park was heavily debated.
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Power will be generated by a four-cylinder opposing engine providing 130Hp driving the pull-prop. As the society gained experience in the manufacturing of composites and aluminium during the Impuls- project, these will be the main materials used in the S-Vision. Design on the S-Vision started in September 2010 and work has now been progressing for nearly four years, during which the conceptual and preliminary design were fully completed. By the spring of 2014 volunteers started working on material testing.
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One proposed solution was to use a flat plate of conventional explosives spread over the pusher plate, and detonate this to lift the ship from the ground before going nuclear. This would lift the ship far enough into the air that the first focused nuclear blast would not create debris capable of harming the ship. A design for a pulse unit A preliminary design for a nuclear pulse unit was produced. It proposed the use of a shaped-charge fusion-boosted fission explosive.
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He primarily supervised preliminary design of the Redstone missile and other short- and intermediate-range ballistic missile systems. Thiel left the Army in 1955 to join Space Technology Laboratories, which later became TRW. During the late 1950s, he was program manager for the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space.
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McQuarrie initially worked for a dentistry firm, drawing teeth and equipment, before working as an Artist and Preliminary Design Illustrator for the Boeing Company, where he drew diagrams for a manual on constructing the 747 Jumbo Jet, as well as designing film posters and animating CBS News' coverage of the Apollo space program at the three-man company Reel Three. While there, McQuarrie was asked by Hal Barwood to produce some illustrations for a film project he and Matthew Robbins were starting.
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In January , the United States Air Force (USAF) issued a request for a preliminary design of a heavy cargo transport aircraft. The aircraft needed the ability to transport of payload . By December , the USAF selected a proposal from the Douglas Aircraft Company, which would serve as a cargo transport and as an air-to-air refueling tanker. The Douglas design was given the designation of C-132 by April , and a mockup of the C-132 was built in February .
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The beginnings of the CL-41 Tutor can be found in a decision by Canadian aircraft manufacturer Canadair to develop its own indigenous trainer aircraft as a private venture. The design itself was the product of the company’s in-house Preliminary Design department.Dishlevoy 2005, pp. 8–10. By August 1957, the basic configuration of the design had been completed, which was of a turbojet- powered, low-wing aircraft, complete with a tricycle undercarriage and a side- by-side cockpit arrangement.
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Underway is a reconfiguration of the east/south split between I-70 and I-79, which will eliminate the one-lane, low-speed loop ramp from I-79 northbound to I-70 westbound, replacing it with a two-lane, high- speed flyover ramp. Preliminary design work has also been completed for a redesigned interchange between I-70/I-79 and Murtland Avenue (U.S. 19), and involves replacing the existing substandard cloverleaf in favor of the first diverging diamond interchange in Pennsylvania.
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While developing the reengined Model 222 as the 230, Bell began preliminary design work on a stretched derivative with a four-bladed main rotor in 1991. The Bell 430 was formally launched in February 1992, with two prototypes modified from Bell 230s. The first of these flew in its new configuration on October 25, 1994, and the second prototype, featuring the full 430 avionics suite, first flew on December 19, 1994.Frawley, Gerard: The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, p. 46.
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The SSM-N-2 Triton was a supersonic nuclear land-attack cruise missile project for the United States Navy. It was in development from 1946 to 1957, but probably no prototypes were produced or tested. The Triton program was approved in September 1946, designated SSM-2 a year later, and redesignated SSM-N-2 in early 1948. A preliminary design was produced by 1950 as the XSSM-N-2, but was scaled down by 1955 and redesigned again in 1957.
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On the other hand, in Shine v. Childs, the architect who designed One World Trade Center was found not to have copied an architecture student's preliminary design because although the architect had access to the work, the idea of a twisting tower with rectangular bases and parallels sides was "by no means unique" such that there was no evidence that the architect could only have thought of the design by viewing the architecture student's work.Shine, 382 F. Supp. 2d at 612.
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March 16, 2004. In November, Robert Kogod (a real estate development executive) and his wife, Arlene (heir to Charles E. Smith Construction fortune) donated $25 million to complete the canopy. By then, costs had risen to $298 million with $60 million in private funds still to be raised. In early November 2004, the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC; which has statutory authority to approve all buildings and renovations in the D.C. metropolitan area) approved the preliminary design for the glass canopy.
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By the middle of World War II, the United Kingdom was making use of 15-inch guns kept as spares for the to arm the last British battleship, . Some World War II-era designs were drawn up proposing another move towards gigantic armament. The German H-43 and H-44 designs proposed guns, and there is evidence Hitler wanted calibres as high as ; the Japanese 'Super Yamato' design also called for 508 mm guns. None of these proposals went further than very preliminary design work.
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The LWS-2 was designed as a light ambulance aircraft, for a requirement of the Polish Air Force and the Polish Red Cross (PCK), which was operating military ambulances. A preliminary design was made in 1936 by Zbysław Ciołkosz, the main designer of the LWS factory, a detailed design - by Jerzy Teisseyre. It was influenced by RWD-9 and RWD-13 planes of the RWD team, especially their wing construction with rich wing mechanization, that gave it STOL capabilities. The prototype was built using PCK funds.
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Chinnakada is a complex junction where roads from Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Downtown, Sengottai, Ashramam(Residency Road), Kollam Beach and the City bus stand road meet. The preliminary design prepared for the underpass by the National Transportation Planning and Research Centre (NATPAC) involved the acquisition of of government land on a temporary basis. The height of the road passage above the underpass was increased to from to facilitate movement of modern container trucks through the underpass. The underpass was opened to the public at the end of May 2015.
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In 1956 Arkady Ilyich joined the ranks of the CPSU. In 1975, A.I. Ostashev was the head of testing of the rocket-space systems according to the Russian-American program "ASTP" . All the scientific and engineering activities A. I. Ostashev since 1948 connected with development and introduction of the system of tests of missiles and rocket-space complexes. At the preliminary design of a famous "SEVEN" R-7, under the guidance of A. I. Ostashev was created volume № 14 fully dedicated to the testing of missiles.
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However, it will take the participants from one to three hours to re-establish the team psychology of the initial workshop. #Select the participants: These are the business users, the IT professionals, and the outside experts that will be needed for a successful workshop. These are the true "back bones" of the meeting who will drive the changes. #Prepare the workshop material: Before the workshop, the project manager and the facilitator perform an analysis and build a preliminary design or straw man to focus the workshop.
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Currently, this consortium brings together more than 1000 scientists from 13 European countries and the United States. In 2015, Euclid passed a preliminary design review, having completed a large number of technical designs as well as built and tested key components. In December 2018, Euclid passed its critical design review, which validated the overall spacecraft design and mission architecture plan, and final spacecraft assembly was allowed to commence. In July 2020 the two instruments (visible & NIR) were delivered to Airbus, Toulouse, France for integration with the spacecraft.
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An investigation of the link between the two lines was commissioned on 8 January 1993. In March 1993, the preliminary design for a link between Neumedessen (Leipzig–Dresden railway) and Böhla (Berlin–Dresden railway), including the Kockelsberg Tunnel, was confirmed. With planning expected to be completed in December 1995, it would be possible for the project to be implemented between mid-1998 and early 2000. The project would allow fast and slow traffic to be segregated on its approach to the Dresden railway mode.
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The following year, Saverne engineer Charles Maetz convinced MPs Adrien Zeller and François Grussenmeyer to establish the East European TGV Association (), which managed to bring together local authorities to support the project. The LGV Est is a direct result of a project begun in 1985 with the establishment of a working group chaired by Claude Rattier and later by Philippe Essig. Their report provided the basis for preliminary design studies conducted in 1992–93. The initial 1980s plan extended along a corridor from Paris to Munich.
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The genesis of the BD-10 came about after the Bede BD-5 project in the 1970s, when the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) entered Jim Bede into a consent decree, forbidding him from accepting down payments for aircraft for a period of ten years. Bede worked on numerous other projects during this period with preliminary design begun by 1983 on a small jet.Winchester 2005, p. 29. Within weeks of the agreement expiring in 1989, he announced plans for the BD-10JWinchester 2005, p. 29.
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Since 2010, General Electric has spent more than $300 million to develop and test T901-specific technologies. In 2016, the Army awarded GE Aviation a $102-million, 24-month contract for the T901 preliminary design review for which a team of more than 100 engineers was assembled. The GE-funded prototype six month testing was completed in October 2017, meeting or exceededing the ITEP performance and growth requirements. On 1 February 2019, the US Army selected the GE T901 as the winner of the ITEP program.
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The elevator tower and stairway at the bridge's east end, at Moody Avenue The east terminus under construction summer 2011 The project dates back to 2005 with approval of the federal Transportation Equity Act of 2005 which dedicated $5 million to the project. The preliminary design was approved by the Portland City Council on December 3, 2008. It was originally to be an extradosed-type bridge. In the first round of bidding, the project exceeded the allotted budget, and consequently needed to be rescaled.
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Former Thompsonville station platform and site of the future Enfield station photographed in 2014 In 2004, the Recommended Action of the New Haven Hartford Springfield Commuter Rail Implementation Study included the construction of a new Enfield station at Main Street. A preliminary design located parking lots on Main Street with a smaller lot east of the tracks. The station is proposed to be built on Main Street at North River Street in Thompsonville, near the downtown area. Access from I-91 will be possible via CT-220.
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The neighborhood is located between Lake Merritt and Downtown Oakland. In recent years, market-rate housing developers have proposed constructing a variety of residential and residential mixed-use buildings which have been proposed to be anywhere from five to forty-two stories high. Neighborhood residents have voiced their concerns and objections to various proposed developments. Others have pressed developers to include meaningful community benefits to improve proposed projects at "community meetings," and before Oakland's Preliminary Design Review Committee, the City's Planning Commission and City Council.
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In 1987, the Mill Reef Trust Fund,long time benefactor, commissioned a study to analyze the library's needs and determine the required size and estimate costs. in 1988, the Architects, Freidin Bolcek Associates were asked by the late Hon Minister Reuben Harris to prepare a preliminary design for a new Central Public Library as an aid to fund raising. FBA evolved with the project during that time. The designed evolved over the years culminating in the present form when the latest fund raising campaign began in 1992.
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Airbus, Dassault Aviation and Leonardo unveiled a full-scale mockup at the April 2018 ILA Berlin Air Show. Airbus, Dassault Aviation, Leonardo On 31 October 2018, OCCAR invited Airbus Defence and Space to submit a tender for the program, to coordinate the major sub-contractors, Dassault and Leonardo. On 22 November, the System Preliminary Design Review was achieved, allowing the stakeholders to align their requirements and contract in 2019. In late May 2019, Airbus submitted its offer, but the contract signing may slip from 2019 to 2020.
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The NKAP had asked Mikoyan to begin preliminary design work on a high-altitude interceptor in January 1944, but ordered two prototypes of an all-metal interceptor using the VRDK for testing in February and March 1945. The aircraft was to reach an altitude of in 4.5 minutes with full power and 5.5 minutes using the piston engine alone. Its maximum speed was to be at with full power and at using the VK-107 by itself. Its intended armament was one autocannon and two machine guns.
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In 1855 they produced a preliminary design for the new Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings in timber. The buildings were constructed from 1857–59, but in a more limited form than the original design. As the Provincial Council gained new functions with growth in the population and economy of the province, the buildings were enlarged with a North wing in stone and an iron clock tower from 1859–60, and further enlarged with a stone council chamber and refreshment rooms in 1864–65.Lochhead 1999, pp.
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Ruth Kedar (; born 27 January 1955) is an artist and designer, best known for designing the Google logo that was displayed from May 31, 1999 to September 1, 2015. Larry Page and Sergey Brin were looking at designers to design their logo and website and Kedar was asked to present them with some preliminary design ideas. They liked her approach and design style and she was hired to design both. The design was accepted due to its playful design, the customized Catull typeface and unique visual expression.
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The National Capital Planning Commission approved the preliminary design concept of the American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial on April 1, 2004. However, the NCPC made three requests of the memorial's planners. First, they asked them to continue to study vehicular movement around the memorial and refine the design and site plot accordingly. Second, they asked the planners to study the ways pedestrians would cross busy Independence Avenue SW, 2nd Street SW, and Washington Avenue SW, and to make design refinements based on these studies.
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It's important to understand that there are various framings/articulations of the engineering design process. Different terminology employed may have varying degrees of overlap, which affects what steps get stated explicitly or deemed "high level" versus subordinate in any given model. This, of course, applies as much to any particular example steps/sequences given here. One example framing of the engineering design process delineates the following stages: research, conceptualization, feasibility assessment, establishing design requirements, preliminary design, detailed design, production planning and tool design, and production.
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Funding to sustain the operations is solely from competitive grants and donations from corporate sponsors and individuals in the community. The East Tennessee Community Design Center does request a donation from their clients as well, which is used to help offset the cost associated with providing the design assistance. Funding for preliminary design services is hard to find. The Design Center fills this gap by providing conceptual only architectural and engineering services to community groups and nonprofit organizations early in the project development process.
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The project budget was set at 97.11 billion won, with a government contribution of 69.2 billion won. Following a call by Nam-Hee Chae, the president of the Korea Railroad Research Institute, for proposals for a generic name for Korean-made high-speed trains, on April 5, 2007, Chae announced the name Hanvit (Hangul: 한빛), which means a streak of intense light in Korean. Under the new naming scheme, HEMU-400X is also called Hanvit 400. The preliminary design was presented to the public in May 2009.
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The tank was to be used as a base for a new Polish light tank. The Poles however never received the machine and Christie fearing legal charges, refunded the purchase. Polish Vickers Mark E 6-Ton Tank Due to this failure to purchase the master model and the possible license, at the end of 1930 the WIBI Tank Design Bureau began preliminary design work on their own wheeled/tracked tank, based on the Christie M1928 and Christie M1931 models, known under the working name "A la Christie".
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Yorktown at sea in 1943 In drawing up the preliminary design for Essex, particular attention was directed at the size of both the flight and hangar decks. Aircraft design had come a long way from the comparatively light planes used in carriers during the 1930s. Flight decks now required more takeoff space for the heavier aircraft being developed. Moreover, US carrier doctrine was premised on the "deck-load strike", launching as rapidly as possible as many aircraft as could be spotted on the flight deck beforehand.
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The Export Lightning had all of the capability of the RAF's own Lightnings such as exceptional climb rate and agile manoeuvering. The Export Lightning also retained the difficulty of maintenance, and serviceability rates suffered. The F.53 was generally well regarded by its pilots, and its adaptation to multiple roles showed the skill of its designers.McLelland 2009, In 1963, BAC Warton was working on the preliminary design of a two-seat Lightning development with a variable-geometry wing, based on the Lightning T.5.
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On 4 November 2013 the Saudi cabinet announced that a metro would be built in Madinah within eight years. A committee for the project was to be chaired by the Governor of Medina, Prince Faisal bin Salman. In March 2015 the Madinah Metro Development Authority (MMDA) awarded French companies Systra (consortium leader) and Egis Group a 12-month contract to carry out feasibility studies and produce preliminary design for the metro. The network is to be built in two phases for opening in 2020.
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As part of the Bulgarian motorway network, the motorway is to be linked with the Hemus motorway (A2) at Varna and with the Trakia motorway (A1) at Burgas, both leading to the capital Sofia. The motorway is not included for financing by the allocated for Bulgaria EU funds, unlike other motorways in the country. In 2011 the National Company "Strategic Infrastructure Projects" was established. One of the main aims of this state-run company is to assess and update all preliminary design works and feasibility studies.
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The two most studied lasing media for solar-pumped lasers have been iodine,De Young et al. Preliminary Design and Cost of a 1-Megawatt Solar-Pumped Iodide Laser Space-to-Space Transmission Station, NASA Technical Memorandum, 1987 (Original version, WebCite archive), Retrieved 2011-06-23 with a laser wavelength of 1.31 micrometers, and NdCrYAG, which lases at 1.06 micrometers wavelength. Solar-pumped semiconductor lasers have also been proposed by LandisG.A. Landis, "New Approaches for a Solar-Pumped GaAs Laser," Optics Communications, 92, pp 261-265 (1992).
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The Mitsubishi A5M fighter was just entering service in early 1937, when the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) started looking for its eventual replacement. On 5 October 1937, it issued "Planning Requirements for the Prototype 12-shi Carrier-based Fighter", sending it to Nakajima and Mitsubishi. Both firms started preliminary design work while they awaited more definitive requirements to be handed over in a few months. Based on the experiences of the A5M in China, the IJN sent out updated requirements in October calling for a speed of at and a climb to in 9.5 minutes.
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Although SEO counts as an artist, her works can also be seen as mixed media images. Usually a blank canvas is used to draw a preliminary design, which is then filled out by a large number of pieces of torn rice (mulberry or tetrapanax) paper pasted onto the canvas. Some of the paper used is printed especially for her in South Korea, especially the paper with patterns designed by herself. In the next step she applies thin and (semi-) transparent layers of paint to form the final image.
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Anatolij Perminov, head of the Russian Federal Space Agency, announced that it is going to develop a nuclear-powered spacecraft for deep space travel.Russian Space Agency Announces Plans to Build Nuclear-Powered Deep Space RocketRussia And US To Discuss Nuke-Powered Spaceship Project Preliminary design was done by 2013, and 9 more years are planned for development (in space assembly). The price is set at 17 billion rubles (600 million dollars).Russians to ride a nuclear-powered spacecraft to Mars // 2009 The nuclear propulsion would have mega-watt class, provided necessary funding, Roscosmos Head stated.
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He was the main responsible for more than 500.000 m2 of projects of different types. He was responsible for preliminary design study of Braga Municipal Stadium and was involved in the constructive methods studies of Ponte Infante D. Henrique. He was a design checker of Porto's Casa da Música in Porto and project manager of several structures such as Vodafone Headquarters in Lisbon. In 2000, Pacheco was invited to be Professor of Bridges in FEUP (Engineering Faculty of Porto University) and after that, Member of the Construction Studies Center, in 2001.
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Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite (ORBIS) is a small space telescope still in development by Japan that will study binary black holes in the X-ray region. The ORBIS concept won the first prize at the 18th Satellite Design Contest in 2010, and of 2015 it was on preliminary design and undergoing thermal simulations by the Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo Metropolitan University - ORBIS. 2017 with support from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Development of Binary Black Hole Observation Satellite "ORBIS". (PDF).
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Bruno believed the new, lower-cost launcher could be competitive in the commercial satellite sector. ULA intended to have preliminary design ideas in place for a blending of the Atlas V and Delta IV technology by the end of 2014 but the high-level design was not announced until April 2015. In February 2016, it was announced the development of the Vulcan rocket would be funded via a public–private partnership with the U.S. government. By early 2016, the USAF had committed US$201 million of funding for Vulcan development.
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Work began in 1925 on the design of a fourth aircraft carrier for the US Navy, as a follow-on to the small , converted from a collier, and the large and , which were in the process of being converted from incomplete battlecruisers. Carrier number four was the Navy’s first opportunity to design a purpose-built aircraft carrier. Preliminary design work occurred before extensive operation of the preceding three. Having limited experience to draw on, key characteristics of the design were derived from wargaming experience at the U.S. Naval War College.
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On 16 December 2014, it became known Malakhit was developing a new fifth-generation nuclear submarine as an internal initiative. On 17 March 2016, the codename Husky was disclosed, and finally on 8 August 2016, a contract was signed with the Russian Defence Ministry for development of the submarine. In April 2018, Malakhit CEO Vladimir Dorofeyev reported the preliminary design of the prospective Husky class nuclear submarine was complete. A year later, in April 2019, Malakhit announced it had launched R&D; work on the submarine under a new codename Laika.
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The Hualong One was developed by the China General Nuclear Power Group (CGNPG) and the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) based on the ACPR1000 and the ACP1000 designs. Both are three-loop designs originally based on the same French M310 design. In early 2014 it was announced that the merged design was moving from preliminary design to detailed design. Power output will be 1170 MWe gross, 1090 MWe net, with a 60-year design life, and would use a combination of passive and active safety systems with a double containment.
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RED Aircraft GmbH of Adenau, Germany, obtained EASA type certification on 19 December 2014 for its 6134 cm³ RED A03 V12 four stroke, with common rail, turbocharger, 1:1.88 reduction gearbox and single lever FADEC/EECS, outputting 368 kW (500 hp) at take-off at 2127 propeller rpm and 338 kW (460 hp) at 1995 propeller rpm continuously for dry. The RED A05 is a 3550cc V6 preliminary design, outputting at takeoff at 2127 propeller RPM and continuously at 1995 propeller RPM, with a best brake specific fuel consumption.
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The Monument to the Unknown Soldier was erected on the hill in 1922, in honor of the anonymous captain who was killed on 26 October 1915 during the Morava Offensive, part of the warfare with the occupational Bulgarian army during World War I. A memorial park was built on the eastern slope in 1971, based on the preliminary design by architect Bogdan Bogdanović. There is also a memorial plaque, commemorating the first gathering of workers in the Leskovac area in 1897. A transmitter of the local TV Leskovac is situated on the hill.
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If the grant is approved, the state would contribute $3.6 million and the two cities $3.0 million, with federal funding expected to cover the remaining half. Environmental review and preliminary design are to be completed by September 2016, with a $3.0 million design contract awarded in December. The TIGER application lowered the expected ridership to 519 daily boardings, of which all but 89 would be diverted from Providence and South Attleboro. In October 2016, state and city officials unveiled a sign marking the site of the planned station.
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Amtmann left US Government employment in 1951, to work for Consolidated Vultee in San Diego, California, back in his old role of preliminary design. He worked on the Atlas ICBM system. Following a company separation or aero and missile divisions, under the new company name of Convair he developed the P6Y flying boat for the US Navy, but they withdrew the requirement. He was also involved in the Convair series of supersonic delta-winged jets, proposing his own design for a four-engined seaplane similar to, but larger than, the Convair F2Y Sea Dart.
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Mitzel was born in St. Michael's Hospital in Lethbridge and spent his early years in a farming environment near the now ghost town of Hoping, Alberta, southeast of Foremost, Alberta. After graduating from high school, he took a job as a surveyor for Alberta Transportation where he worked for seven years. During that time Mitzel rose through the ranks to become responsible for two crews, which were focused on the preliminary design and construction of major highways in southern Alberta. He then enrolled at the University of Lethbridge as a second-year pre- engineering student.
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From 1967-1981, Dillner was employed by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in Seattle, US Östgöta Correspondent Article about Bertil Dillner, former Saab flight designer after 11 years at Boeing Seattle USA to work with the supersonic Boeing 2707 SST passenger jet 1967-1972. At Boeing he also become involved with the aerodynamics of the extreme supersonic aviation at the re-entry of Space Shuttle 1971-1972 and Boeing Preliminary Design Group and ex QSRA transporter studies. Dillner was aerodynamic chief engineer at Boeing Commercial Airplanes 1972-1981. He also became an American citizen while in Seattle.
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Burt, p. 312 The Board of Admiralty wished to keep the size of the 1903–1904 Naval Programme battleships to about the of the earlier and also required them to be able to use the drydocks at Chatham, Portsmouth and Devonport, despite the fact that these were enlarged before the ships were completed. This latter requirement severely constrained the length and beam of the design. Preliminary design work began in mid-1902 and it became clear that a displacement at least equal to that of the preceding would be required.
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The preliminary design was made by the aircraft-designer trio Arvo Ylinen (head of the design-bureau), Martti Vainio (aerodynamics), and Torsti Verkkola (structural design). Edward Wegelius was appointed head of the design department of the State Aircraft Factory when Ylinen later moved on to the Helsinki University of Technology in August 1940. VL did not appoint any main constructor to its products, such as the German aircraft manufacturers did. Due to difficulties obtaining duraluminium, the wings were made out of plywood and the fuselage was metal structure with a fabric and plywood skin.
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The High Power laser Energy Research facility (HiPER), is a proposed experimental laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) device undergoing preliminary design for possible construction in the European Union. , the effort appears to be inactive. HiPER was designed to study the "fast ignition" approach to generating nuclear fusion, which uses much smaller lasers than conventional ICF designs, yet produces fusion power outputs of about the same magnitude. This offers a total "fusion gain" that is much higher than devices like the National Ignition Facility (NIF), and a reduction in construction costs of about ten times.
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77–78; Ropp, pp. 286, 288 Preliminary design work in December 1896 was for a ship armed with ten guns, two in single-gun turrets fore and aft of the superstructure and the remaining eight in casemates, protected by a waterline armor belt. The thought that the belt protection was too weak and that the ships needed more endurance. The naval architect Louis-Émile Bertin, recently appointed as the Director of Naval Construction (), agreed and revised the design, sacrificing one pair of guns for more armor and additional coal, which increased its displacement.
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Vaughan-Richards began his career in the 1950s working with the Architect Development Board in Iraq and subsequently Architect Co- Partnership in London. The firm was engaged in the design of a newly reconstructed Bristol Hotel and housing for oil and gas companies in Lagos. In the course of the project, Vaughan-Richards was involved in preliminary design and as a site supervisor visited Nigeria during tours of the projects. When Architect Co-Partnership pulled out of Nigeria, Vaughan-Richards stayed in the country and became a Nigerian citizen.
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Friedman, pp. 310–311. The Mark 2 50-caliber gun turret weighed some more than the Mark 6 45 caliber did; the barbette size also had to be increased so the total weight gain was about , putting the ship at a total of —well over the 45,000 long ton limit. An apparent savior appeared in a Bureau of Ordnance preliminary design for a turret that could carry the 50 caliber guns in a smaller barbette. This breakthrough was shown to the General Board as part of a series of designs on 2 June 1938.
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It has built the first high speed train station here and first train start in Dec, 2019. The Zheng-Fu high-speed railway has a Linquan Station in Linquan County . In the first half of 2016, the preliminary design plan for the Zhengzhou-Fuyang high-speed rail was officially approved by the China Railway Corporation and the provincial governments of Henan and Anhui. The Fuyang section of the Zheng-Fu high-speed railway is 64 kilometers in length, passing through three counties and municipalities in Jieshou, Linquan, and Yingzhou.
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Prior to German reunification, there were proposals for a connection between the two lines. The Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan (Bundesverkehrswegeplan) of 1992 initially provided for an upgrade of both the Berlin–Dresden and the Dresden–Leipzig railways for high speed. As part of the preliminary design of 1992/1993, it was planned that the line from Leipzig to Dresden would run to the south of Riesa and cross the existing line at Medessen and connect to the route from Berlin at Böhla. After optimisation, the section of new line starting at Riesa was discarded.
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The reservoir is within Newtown Township, Marple Township, and Upper Providence Township. Until the last two decades, "Springton Reservoir, Rt. 252 Project Presented" published in Patch > Community Corner> Delaware County (December 2013) The Aqua/PennDOT project, which is currently in its preliminary design phase, is expected to be completed by September 2017. the reservoir was open to fishing via an entrance on Gradyville Road in Newtown Township. There is still a wide array of aquatic life in the reservoir, which includes largemouth and smallmouth bass, crappie, various pan fish, muskie, trout, and catfish.
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In discussions we should concentrate on the proposed changes to a design. If a proven good design is applied to future products, then the risk of failure is low; however, if changes are made to the existing design, then the probability of failure is increased. Mr. Yoshimura advises individuals to work to understand the changes as opposed to trivializing them. He also advises that validation testing can help to identify design weaknesses; but, he also states that good discussions held at preliminary design reviews can achieve the same result.
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Missouri was one of the "fast battleship" designs planned in 1938 by the Preliminary Design Branch at the Bureau of Construction and Repair. She was laid down at the Brooklyn Navy Yard on 6 January 1941, launched on 29 January 1944 and commissioned on 11 June. The ship was the third of the Iowa class, but the fourth and final Iowa- class ship commissioned by the United States Navy. The ship was christened at her launching by Mary Margaret Truman, daughter of Harry S. Truman, then a United States senator from Missouri.
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Between May and December 2017, the GE collaboration resulted in moving the engines to the wing leading edge from its trailing edge, it features a T-tail and a higher wing aspect ratio. Aerion said it is spending $1 billion for the AS2. Hoping to sell per year for $ billion over 20 years, Aerion and Lockheed want to freeze its engines, wings and fuselage configuration in the Summer of 2018. With a 2018 launch, preliminary design would be reviewed by mid-2020 before detailed design for a critical design review in early 2022.
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The Tu-22 was intended originally as a supersonic replacement for the Tupolev Tu-16 bomber. Preliminary design of an aircraft to meet this requirement, designated Samolyot 105 by Tupolev, was started in 1954, with the first prototype completed in December 1957. It made its maiden flight from Zhukovsky on 21 June 1958, flown by test pilot Yuri Alasheev. The availability of more powerful engines, and the TsAGI rediscovery of the Area rule for minimizing transonic aerodynamic drag, resulted in the construction of a revised prototype, the 105A.
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Wade Memorial Chapel in 2018 In 1896, Jeptha H. Wade II decided to fund the construction of a new receiving vault and chapel, dedicated to the memory of his father, at Lake View Cemetery. Wade asked the newly-founded Cleveland architectural firm of Hubbell & Benes to create a preliminary design. He was so happy with their work that he chose this concept as the design for the chapel and commissioned Hubbell & Benes to finalize the blueprints. The association did not formally accept the new chapel until the plans were done.
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As weight was cut out of the hull structure, electronics and ordnance were increased, but at much greater heights. This top weight required ballasting the fuel tanks with seawater to maintain stability both for wind and damaged conditions. The superstructure of the 255s was originally divided into two islands in order to accommodate an aircraft amidships, but this requirement was dropped before any of the units became operational. Following completion of the preliminary design by the Coast Guard, the work was assigned to George G, Sharp of New York to prepare the contract design.
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Preliminary design plan for the CF-2 type flight deck cruiser as envisioned in January 1940 The flight-deck cruiser was a proposed type of aircraft cruiser, warships combining features of aircraft carriers and light cruisers designed by the United States Navy during the period between World War I and World War II. Several designs were proposed for the type, but none was approved for construction. The final design was developed just before World War II, and the entry of the United States into the war saw the project come to an end.
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Also developed was the Ka-50 attack helicopter, which is smaller and more maneuverable and does not have a cabin for carrying troops. A Russian Mil Mi-28N. The Mil Mi-28 along with the Ka-50 represented the first dedicated attack helicopter of the Soviet Air Forces in the 1980s. In 1977, a preliminary design of the Mil Mi-28 was chosen, in a classic single-rotor layout. Its transport capability was removed and it lost its similarity to the Mi-24. Design work on the Mi-28 began under Marat Tishchenko in 1980.
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On 18 May 2015, France, Germany and Italy launched a European MALE RPAS study over two years, joined by Spain since, to define its operational capabilities, system requirements and preliminary design. In November 2015, the program management was assigned to the European defense procurement agency OCCAR, with European Defence Agency support for air traffic integration and certification. The definition study was to be contracted in the first half of 2016, the potential development and production aiming for a 2025 first delivery. A two-year definition study was launched in September 2016.
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Atlas V carrying LRO and LCROSS Developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, LRO is a large () and sophisticated spacecraft. Its mission duration was planned for one year, but has since been extended numerous times after review by NASA. After completing a preliminary design review in February 2006 and a critical design review in November 2006, the LRO was shipped from Goddard to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on February 11, 2009. Launch was planned for October 2008, but this slid to April as the spacecraft underwent testing in a thermal vacuum chamber.
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The library is currently open 37 hours per week, and admission to the WCCLS cooperative was recommended by the WCCLS Policy Group with the authority to determine efficacy of applicants. In July 2013, the Washington County Commission approved $15,000 in county funds for preliminary design of a new library building. The library moved into a larger space in the same shopping center in April 2014, with the size increasing to . In November 2015, Washington County voters approved a library levy that will bring the Aloha Library into the Washington County Cooperative Library Services in 2016.
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To save time, the Lion design was modified to accommodate the four turrets, and preliminary design work began in July 1939. The square or transom stern was retained as it was estimated to improve speed at full power by . This made Vanguard the only British battleship built with a transom stern as the Lions were never finished. Design work was suspended on 11 September 1939, after the start of the Second World War, but resumed in February 1940 after the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, expressed an interest in the ship.
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The U.S. Navy has in the past also undertaken some preliminary design of submarine transports, but never the extent of the Soviet design efforts. In the 1950s a 10,000-ton submarine was proposed, 220 meters (720 ft) long, and with a beam of 38 meters (124 ft). It was to carry 2,240 Marines, landing them using 'amphibious flying platforms' with an undefined propulsion method, supposed to move at 100 mph (160 km/h). However, many older submarines have been refitted during US naval history into transport submarines, mainly for use in covert operations, i.e.
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CanX-3, also known as the BRIght Target Explorer (BRITE), is a nanosatellite planned to make photometric observations of some of the brightest stars in the sky in order to examine them for variability. These observations should be about ten times more precise than any ground-based observations. The satellites are 20 cm cube which uses a number of technologies qualified on CanX-2. A preliminary design for BRITE has been completed with the support of ETech, and the components to be integrated into the nanosatellite are currently being evaluated at UTIAS/SFL.
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Weight was critical, to allow the unit to be carried aboard the Saturn V launch vehicle. In the 1970s, he led the design team at Boeing's space research facility in Kent, Washington, responsible for creating complex components of the Space Shuttle. Weldon was made Contractor Preliminary Design Review (PDR) Team Leader for the Space Shuttle orbiter Aft Fuselage. He was a pioneer in the use of advanced composite materials in aerospace design, and the Orbiter was one of the first composite (Titanium/ Boron Epoxy) reusable aerospace major primary structure applications.
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In accordance with these converging interests, PZL decided to embark upon preliminary design work into the prospective development of a further evolved form of the P.11 that would be aimed specifically at the export market. The project, and the resulting design produced by it, soon received its own designation as the P.24. The Gnome-Rhône 14K, a powerful French radial engine, had quickly emerged as a strong candidate to power the tentative fighter; thus the engine company's offer of support was quickly accepted.Cynk 1967, pp. 3-4.
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April 1, 2003. Government of Hong Kong In 2014, the government confirmed the reservation of a 10-hectare site at Tseung Kwan O for the construction of a reverse-osmosis desalination plant with an initial output capacity of 50 million cubic metres per annum. Plans include provisions for future expansion to an ultimate capacity of 90 million cubic metres per annum, which will meet about 10 per cent of Hong Kong's fresh water demand. Detailed feasibility studies, preliminary design and a cost-effectiveness analysis are planned to be completed by 2014.
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In June 1938, Smith was hired by the El Segundo Division of Douglas Aircraft. During his time there, he worked on aerodynamic and preliminary design problems of the DC-5, SBD Dauntless, DB-7 Boston, A-20 Havoc and A-26 Invader. In October 1942 he went on a leave of absence, at the request of General H.H. Arnold, to help organize and develop the newly formed Aerojet company as its first Chief Engineer. Under his guidance, the engineering organization at Aerojet grew from six people to over 400 by the time he left.
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In 2007, the National Science and Technology Council's Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology developed an Ocean Research Priorities Strategy, which provides a research investment framework to advance understanding of ocean processes and interactions that facilitate responsible use of the ocean environment. The ORPS identified three cross-cutting elements, one of which is ocean observing for research and management. In late 2007 the OOI project underwent its Preliminary Design Review and in 2008 completed its Final Network Design Review resulting in the Final Network Design.Ocean Observatories Initiative.
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Northrop compared his notes with those of Pavlecka, saw the similarity between the USAAC's requirements and those issued by the RAF, and pulled out the work he had been doing on the British aircraft's requirements. He was already a month along, and a week later, Northrop pounced on the USAAC proposal. On 5 November, Northrop and Pavlecka met at Wright Field with Air Material Command officers and presented them with Northrop's preliminary design. Douglas' XA-26A night fighter proposal was the only competition, but Northrop's design was selected and the Black Widow was conceived.
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While two examples of the Shetland were completed, the project was considered a failure and the pair of flying boats were scrapped in 1951. Saunders-Roe considered the Shetland to have not resembled the flying boat that they sought to develop, but was otherwise a useful learning experience; even prior to the Shetland, the company had wanted to develop a more revolutionary flying boat. During 1943, the chief designers of Saunders-Roe and Short had collaborated to produce a preliminary design specification for an innovative large flying boat.Kaplan 2005, p. 204.
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Gold Wings initiated preliminary design of a twin-engine turboprop named Norlindo and even began conceptual design of a turbojet trainer called Tinihaban Superstrike under the All-Filipino Technology Aircraft (AFTA) project. Out of these experiences, a single, piston engine trainer aircraft was conceived, designed, built and flown within three years. The Defiant 300 prototype, as the aircraft was called, flew twice, the first on February 22, 1988. The Defiant project came out to be an excellent collaborative effort of a group of aeronautical engineers, aviation enthusiasts, government agencies and research institutions.
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Each ship in the class was designated to replace an existing cruiser from the older Zenta class. "Cruiser K" was intended to replace , "Cruiser L" would replace , and "Cruiser M" was to replace . Preliminary design work on what became the Ersatz Zenta class began in May 1913, before the budgetary debate had begun. The Marinetechnische Komitee (MTK—Naval Technical Committee) issued a series of requirements for the new cruiser: displacement would be in the range of , speed would be from steam turbines, with a radius of action of at a speed of .
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A preliminary design reminded one critic of "the effort of a camel and donkey to mate." After adding Bellushi and Nervi to the team, the situation improved, though the architects were then accused of plagiarizing the design of the St. Mary's Cathedral in Tokyo that was completed several years earlier. Over time, San Francisco's Catholics who had previously worshipped in traditional churches grew more fond of the modern design. The building was selected in 2007 by the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects for a list of San Francisco's top 25 buildings.
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They lacked essential armour plating to protect the pilot and vital equipment from ground fire and missile hits, and their high flight speeds made it difficult for the pilot to maintain visual contact with a target. Having taken into account these problems, Pavel Sukhoi and a group of leading specialists in the Sukhoi Design Bureau started preliminary design work in a comparatively short period of time, with the assistance of leading institutes of the Ministry of the Aviation Industry and the Ministry of Defence.Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 8. A Russian Air Force Su-25UB.
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The deputy mayor announced that in November 2008 – February 2009 the city would select design and engineering contractors; the preliminary design stage for the metro would last into 2011. In 2011, the city hall was expected to have sound cost estimates for initiating a federal funds appropriation. City officials expected the first stretch of the Rostov metro to be operational in thirteen to fourteen years, assuming normal financing from the federal budget. However, due to a lack of funding, it is unknown when the construction of the metro will start.
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More specifically, the council considered the staff requirements submitted by the (Superior Naval Council) to the Minister and submitted its comments to him. He would then request design studies from the (Director of Equipment), who might invite competitive submissions, which would then be evaluated by the council. Approved designs would be returned to the Minister for his consideration and preliminary design work would begin by the (Naval Construction Department), supervised by the . By the 1890s the council was controlled by very traditional admirals that often clashed with more innovative ministers.
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NASA illustration of Magnum booster. The Magnum was a large super-heavy-lift rocket designed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center during the mid-1990s. The Magnum, which never made it past the preliminary design phase, would have been a booster some 96 meters (315 feet) tall, on the scale of the Saturn V and was originally designed to carry a human expedition to Mars. It was to have used two strap-on side boosters, similar to the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs), but using liquid fuel instead.
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"NEW CITILINK DEPOT" "History" – Citilink initiated efforts to develop an improved Downtown Transit Station in 2002. A site selection process identified a parking lot on Barr Street between Washington & Jefferson as optimum; however, after years of effort and preliminary design, inability to acquire sufficient property proved to be an insurmountable barrier. Other options were explored and the decision was made to use property owned by Citilink at Baker & Calhoun; which had served as the south transit terminal several years ago. The facility was redesigned and received federal & local approvals.
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A number of upgrade packages have been applied to the B-2. In July 2008, the B-2's onboard computing architecture was extensively redesigned; it now incorporates a new integrated processing unit (IPU) that communicates with systems throughout the aircraft via a newly installed fiber optic network; a new version of the operational flight program software was also developed, with legacy code converted from the JOVIAL programming language to standard C.McKinney, Brooks. "Air Force Completes Preliminary Design Review of New B-2 Bomber Computer Architecture." Northrop Grumman, 7 July 2008.
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Development of the R-14 began by directive on 2 July 1958. The preliminary design was completed in December 1958, with flight tests beginning in June 1960 and completed in February 1961. The missile was accepted into service on 24 April 1961; initial operational capability for the first division of four launchers was achieved on 31 December 1961, with the first regiment organized the next day. By the end of 1962 two regiments were fully operational in the Ukraine and Latvia, with later surface launch pad sites in Kaliningrad and Belarus.
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The Jinan Yellow River Bridge (), also known as the Jinan Yellow River Highway Bridge (), is a cable-stayed road bridge across the Yellow River in the city of Jinan, Shandong Province, China. The national State Planning Commission authorized the plan to construct the Jinan Yellow River bridge on December 10, 1977. In February 1978, engineers Li Shou () and Wan Shanshan () from the Communication Planning and Design Institute of Shandong Province started to work on the design. In September of the same year, the preliminary design was approved by the Shandong Province construction committee.
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It therefore can operate across the beach. The SES has rigid side hulls that enclose the air cushion, permitting water propulsion but allowing it to only go to the shore when conducting amphibious operations. Design concepts for a 6000-plus- ton cargo SES's that Rohr and Ingalls Shipbuilding proposed relied on the idea of the ship loading and unloading from beach, lighter, causeway or conventional dock facilities. SES-200 with helicopter in 1990 On 10 November 1972 contracts were let to four firms to conduct 2200-ton prototype preliminary design; these designs were to be completed in August 1973.
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Mikoyan proceeded with the preliminary design of both the MFI and LFI with participation from numerous institutions, which assisted in the progressive definition of the designs. TsAGI (Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, "Central Aero- and Hydrodynamic Institute") was responsible for collecting wind tunnel test results, which, along with theoretical studies, were vital during this phase of development. The institution recommended that Mikoyan include canards for the MFI, since it offers great agility and lift, the latter important as the MFI was a statically unstable design. The delta wings then had a wing leading edge sweep of 40–45°.
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Although there was support for the idea at the highest levels within the Admiralty, production of the weapon would have to come under the Ministry of Aircraft Production (MAP). The Road Research LaboratoryThe RRL had aided the development of Barnes Wallis' bouncing bomb. provided theoretical formula for penetration from US data on the performance of shells against reinforced concrete, and the Chief Engineer of Armament Development at Fort Halstead prepared a preliminary design to present to the MAP. In the face of opposition, the First Sea Lord prepared a memorandum for the Anti-U-Boat Committee, of which Churchill was the Chairman.
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In 1887 preliminary design work began on an armored coast-defence ship intended to serve as the centerpiece of a group of torpedo boats under the auspices of Admiral Théophile Aube, Minister of the Navy and Colonies, and an ardent exponent of the (Young School) of naval strategy that believed in the primacy of coastal defences and commerce raiding. The torpedo warfare role was eventually dropped and four coast-defence ironclads, the and the Bouvines classes, were ordered in 1889.Ropp, p. 173 The Bouvines-class ships were half-sisters to the Jemmapes class laid down at the same time.
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Preliminary design work for LC10 began in 1977, with production scheduled to begin around 1980 – which would have seen it go on sale around the same time as the Ford Escort MK3 and the original Vauxhall Astra. LC10 was styled by Ian Beech under the direction of BL designer David Bache. Two main body variations were provided: a five-door hatchback and a four-door notchback. It was a departure from previous front- wheel drive cars from the company in dispensing with the famous Issigonis transmission-in-sump powertrain that had been pioneered in the Mini.
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It would have incorporated a rocket engine for acceleration to achieve a planned peak altitude of almost 300,000 feet. "With NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the support of local, state and federal governments, we hope to develop a safe, affordable and reusable spaceplane by integrating established technologies, such as the RS-88 engine," said Bob Seto, Rocketplane's vice president of engineering systems and analysis. According to Seto, the craft completed a preliminary design review in March 2005, and it was in the detail design phase. Rocketplane filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and liquidation in 2010.
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Unsatisfied with the destroyer leader, the Soviets decided that they needed foreign design assistance around 1934–1935. The French were not willing to share ship plans so the Soviets turned to Italy, based on their earlier experience with the Italians during the preliminary design work for the s. They requested designs for a high-speed destroyer leader from three Italian shipbuilders and accepted the submission by Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO) in September 1935. They would build the lead ship, named Tashkent, in their Livorno shipyard, and provide assistance for the Soviets to build others in their own shipyards.
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Wanting to return to Hamburg, Amtmann obtained a position as an aircraft designer at the newly established Hamburger Flugzeugbau, under the design leadership of Richard Vogt.William Green; Warplanes of the Third Reich, Fourth impression, Macdonald and Jane's, 1979, p. 69. He started work there as one of Vogt's first recruits, early in 1934, and was soon appointed Head of Preliminary Design. He would remain there, working on Vogt's great range of unconventional and ingenious ideas, throughout its official renaming as a subsidiary of Blohm & Voss shipbuilders, until it was shut down at the end of World War II in 1945.
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Sound Transit's current bus service on the west half of the corridor, Sound Transit Express Route 550, carries over 10,000 daily passengers and takes 35 minutes to travel from Seattle to Bellevue. King County Metro's RapidRide B Line operates on the east half of the corridor, traveling between Bellevue and Overlake at a frequency of 10 to 15 minutes. Sound Transit plans to expand light rail service to Kirkland and Issaquah in 2041, as part of the Sound Transit 3 program. The project's preliminary design includes tracks shared with East Link through Downtown Bellevue, between East Main and Wilburton stations.
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The aircraft's most distinguishing feature is its dorsal-mounted variable-area inlet duct (VAID). While the VAID was at the time a system unique to the F-107A, it is now considered to be an early form of variable geometry intake ramp which automatically controlled the amount of air fed to the jet engine.Simone 2002, pp. 32–35. Although the preliminary design of the air intake was originally located in a chin position under the fuselage like the Vought F-8 Crusader, the air intake was eventually mounted in an unconventional position directly above and just behind the cockpit.Jones 1975, p. 268.
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Design of the Premier I began early in 1994 under the designation PD-374 (PD for Preliminary Design), and development was authorized to continue early the following year. The aircraft was officially launched at the annual National Business Aviation Association Convention in September 1995 and construction of the first prototype commenced late in 1996. In the mid-1990s, the light jet was to be priced at $5 million. The Premier I prototype was rolled out on 19 August 1998 and its first flight was on 22 December 1998; four prototypes were used in the flight test program.
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Image of Phobos. The Fobos-Grunt project began with the feasibility study of a Phobos sample-return mission in 1999. Mockup of the spacecraft's main propulsion unit The Fobos-Grunt project began in 1999, when the Russian Space Research Institute and NPO Lavochkin, the main developer of Soviet and Russian interplanetary probes, initiated a 9 million rouble feasibility study into a Phobos sample-return mission. The initial spacecraft design was to be similar to the probes of the Phobos program launched in the late 1980s. Development of the spacecraft started in 2001 and the preliminary design was completed in 2004.
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The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the construction and operation of a rapid transit system by the Hangzhou Subway Group Co. Ltd in Hangzhou on June 5, 2005.Tang Fuchun, Hangzhou Subway Planning Approved, china.org.cn, 2005-06-16 The preliminary design for the first line, Line 1, was approved on January 11, 2007 by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of study.
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AMT decided not to renew the facility in the previous configuration as the need to travel the long pedestrian tunnel would have been unattractive to users. A preliminary design was created by engineer Michele Montanari of AMT which involved the construction of a funicular to connect to the lifts. Through a tender, the works were assigned to a consortium led by Poma Italy. The initial stage started with preparation of detailed design; the project was presented in January 2001 to the Italian Minister of Transports for the necessary permits, which were granted on 14 November of the same year.
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Prior to the transformation of the larger 100-acre Expo site, a Travelodge motel, built in 1959, sat on the land that would become the U.S. Pavilion. To prepare for the design and construction of the Pavilion, the Department of Commerce issued a request for proposal in December 1971 from firms across the country for preliminary design concepts. Twenty firms initially responded to the proposal, of which half were chosen to advance in the competition. Three finalists were eventually named, with Los Angeles-based Herb Rosenthal & Associates being awarded the contract to develop the plan, including schematic concepts and cost estimates.
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It completed a preliminary design and feasibility test of the 80-90 seat aircraft in , and hoped to finish detail designing and prototype manufacturing by . RAI planned to build six prototypes, with flight testing from to , and targeted issuance of a type certificate from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in . The price of the R-80 would be USD$25 million. B.J. Habibie advocated production of the plane (despite no longer being the director of IPTN) as its only rival, the Fokker 50, was no longer in production because of Fokker Aviation's bankruptcy in 1996.
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Depending on which vehicles would be selected and other factors, the total planned cost of the system is of nearly US$1.1 billion. The preliminary design of the original project foresaw two principal lines. The first line would cross the city from west to south, over Colón and Duarte Quirós Avenues, up to Perón Boulevard, where it would reach the vicinity of the Mitre Railroad, near the bus terminal. The second line would run from north to south near the Ciudad Universitaria area, and under the Suquía river, continuing northwards to the Belgrano railway, near the Alta Córdoba train station.
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At the beginning of the 1980s, one of the USSR leading developers of scientific space probes had completed a preliminary design of revolutionary, new-generation spacecraft, 1F and 2F. The main purpose of Spektr was to develop a common platform that could be used for future deep- space missions. NPO Lavochkin hoped to use the designs of the 1F as the standard design for space telescopes. In 1982, NPO Lavochkin had completed technical blueprints for RadioAstron, a space-based radio telescope. The expectation was that the 1F and 2F spacecraft would follow the expectations of the RadioAstron mission (also known as Astron-2).
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Propeller Investments would shoulder the risk — leasing land from the airport, financing terminal construction and finding tenant airlines. On March 2, 2015, Snohomish County approved a lease-option agreement that gave Propeller Airports three years to carry out preliminary design work, environmental studies and to obtain permits needed to construct a proposed two-gate passenger terminal. In turn, Snohomish County would receive about $429,000 per year in rent plus a share of flight and parking revenues. On March 4, 2016, a federal court denied an appeal by the City of Mukilteo and others citizens groups to prevent commercial flights at Paine Field.
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In need of more space to house the growing collection the Wimodausis club decided to look for funds from Andrew Carnegie, the American industrialist who at the time was helping to fund hundreds of libraries across America. A preliminary design for a building was sent to Carnegie in 1912, and agreement was reached for a $15,000 grant to construct the library on the condition the city of Valdosta maintain the building at a cost of 10% of the initial grant every following year. The result of construction turned out be successful. By 1920 the library collection had grown to 3,750 volumes.
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A preliminary design was completed in November, which resulted in a ship armed with eight 33 cm guns in four twin gun turrets, protected by an armored belt that was thick, and capable of a top speed of . The staff noted that such a ship would likely exceed the 35,000-ton limit, so triple or quadruple turrets should be considered to reduce the weight. The design staff had decided that four twin turrets would provide the best solution to distribution of the main battery, as it would provide equal firepower forward and aft, as well as simplify fire control.
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By Easter 1934 the Committee had the preliminary design of 'A Stretcher', later to become known as the Thomas Stretcher after one of the committee members Eustace Thomas, as well as recommendations of first aid and survival equipment to accompany it. The equipment could be packed into two rucksacks. The basic design of the stretcher was a lightweight aluminium frame supporting a canvas bed. Extendible handles at each corner folded so that the stretcher to be used on narrow paths, and wooden skis kept the casualty clear of the ground and allowed sledging on mud or snow.
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A yearlong design process was started by Pierce County in consultation with Washington State Department of Transportation and other agencies and a citizens' group in January, 2009, after considering other evacuation means such as pathways and a tunnel under the river. The bridge would be wide and accommodate 12,000 people in 30 minutes. Orting is estimated to have a 40 minute evacuation window after the Mount Rainier Volcano Lahar Warning System is activated. Preliminary design renderings from 2014 show a pedestrian suspension bridge with stairsteps approaching a lower pier, and another pier higher on a ridge above Orting, near the community of Tehaleh.
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Raven and Roberts, pp. 108, 158, 280, 315 The Board of Admiralty then began preliminary design work on a 35,000-long-ton ship armed with 16-inch guns and it was promising enough that the Director of Naval Construction (DNC) was ordered to further investigate such designs. To save design time, many of the features of the KGVs were incorporated in the new design, but the limited size of the ship was a real challenge for the designers. Maintaining the same speed, protection, and secondary armament as the older ships while using 16-inch guns proved impossible while remaining within the treaty limits.
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The aircraft was designed by Ryszard Bartel in Samolot factory in Poznań, as an advanced trainer, transitory between primary trainers and bomber or reconnaissance aircraft. Bartel had worked since 1926 on his BM-3 advanced trainer design, the preliminary design for which won a military contest, but in the meantime he developed a quite successful primary trainer Bartel BM-4 and then decided to model the advanced trainer upon that plane, to obtain better durability. The result was the BM 5 design. The BM 5 prototype was built in 1928 and flown on 27 July that year in Poznań.
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The idea of opening an Amtrak station in the vicinity of Mitchell Airport had been discussed since the mid-1970s. The justification for not building the station at the time was based on infrequent Amtrak service and relatively congestion-free access to the airport from the south via I-94 and WI 119. By the late 1990s, a station at the airport was proposed as part of the Midwest Regional Rail Initiative. In June 2001, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation authorized $100,000 to start the preliminary design for the station, with an original opening slated for late-2003.
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The B612 project grew out of a one-day workshop on asteroid deflection organized by Piet Hut and Ed Lu at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas on October 20, 2001. Participants Rusty Schweickart, Clark Chapman, Piet Hut, and Ed Lu established the B612 Foundation on October 7, 2002. The Foundation originally planned to launch Sentinel by December 2016 and to begin data retrieval no later than 6 months after successful positioning. In April 2013, the plan had moved out to launching on a SpaceX Falcon 9 in 2018, following preliminary design review in 2014, and critical design review in 2015.
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AgustaWestland studies began in 2000 and in 2014 the European Union CleanSky 2 initiative contributed $328 million, including 60% for partners, then targeting a 2020 first flight. By 2017, the first flight target was shifted to 2023. The NGCTR wings are designed and produced by a consortium, that was selected in September 2017 and led by the Italian Aerospace Research Centre, including the University of Naples. Leonardo defined the structural requirements in 2018, with a preliminary design review released on 26 November and a critical design review in 2019, ahead of wing assembly in 2020 and first flight in 2023.
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On 10 December 2007, AARC and NASA signed an Umbrella Space Act Agreement relating to the space agency's potential interest in the engine. On 8 December 2008, NASA and AARC entered into a Space Act Agreement that was intended to result in a space flight test of the engine on the ISS. A formal preliminary design review took place on 26 June 2013. In 2 March 2011, Ad Astra and NASA Johnson Space Center signed a Support Agreement to collaborate on research, analysis and development on space-based cryogenic magnet operations and electric propulsion systems currently under development by Ad Astra.
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A model in a wind tunnel at NASA Langley, September 2017 In February 2016, Lockheed Martin was awarded a preliminary design contract, aiming to fly in the 2020 timeframe. A 9% scale model was to be wind tunnel tested from Mach 0.3 to Mach 1.6 between February and April 2017. The Preliminary design review was to be completed by June 2017. While NASA received three inquiries for its August 2017 request for proposals, Lockheed was the sole bidder. On April 2, 2018, NASA awarded Lockheed Martin a $247.5 million contract to design, build and deliver in late 2021 the Low-Boom X-plane. On June 26, 2018, the US Air Force informed NASA it had assigned the X-59 QueSST designation to the demonstrator. By October, NASA Langley had completed three weeks of wind tunnel testing of an 8%-scale model, with high AOAs up to 50° and 88° at very low speed, up from 13° in previous tunnel campaigns. Testing was for static stability and control, dynamic forced oscillations, and laser flow visualization, expanding on previous experimental and computational predictions. From November 5, 2018 NASA was to begin tests over two weeks to gather feedback: up to eight thumps a day at different locations will be monitored by 20 noise sensors and described by 400 residents, receiving a $25 per week compensation.
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Conrad imagined that with modern construction methods and the use of moulded ply, a better dinghy could be constructed. Conrad with the help of Uus Van Essen, a naval architect and measurer for the Dutch Yachting Federation made a preliminary design early in September 1951. The design was sent to 30 top class helmsmen in Europe, including Bossom (SUI), John Cahmier (GBR), Charles Curry (GBR), Manfred Curry (GER), Ferry Laagwater (NED), Stewart Morris (GBR), Morits Skaugen (NOR) and Shorty Trimingham (BER), with the request to comment within two weeks. By the end of September 23 responses had been returned with suggestions for modifications to the design of the boat.
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Yomasari Dam was designed as a multi-purpose dam, to provide for flood control in the event of heavy rains or typhoons, which had potential to flood downtown Hachinohe. The reservoir created was intended to provide water for tap water, as well as agricultural and industrial purposes, and to create a new recreational area for fishing and boating for the residents of Hachinohe. However, there is no hydroelectric power station associated with the dam. Preliminary design work began on the Yomasari Dam in 1976, with main construction beginning in 1989, and was completed by 2003 by a consortium of the Obayashi Corporation, Sumitomo Mitsui Construction, and Tekken Corporation.
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The 50-caliber gun weighed some more than the 45-caliber did; due to the greater outside diameter of the barrel, the barbette diameter also had to be increased from to so the total weight gain was about , putting the ship at a total of – well over the 45,000 long ton limit. An apparent savior appeared in a Bureau of Ordnance preliminary design for a turret that could carry the 50-caliber guns while also fit in the smaller barbette of the 45-caliber gun turret. Other weight savings were achieved through thinning some armor elements and substituting construction steel with armor-grade Special Treatment Steel (STS) in certain areas.
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The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856. In addition to his geological survey work, Owen had a minor role in the preliminary design of the Smithsonian Institution Building in Washington, D.C., and recommended the distinctive, dark-red Seneca Creek sandstone that was used in its construction.
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In 2010, a CPPCC member Chen Dingwang, proposed that services on Line 1 and the Ba Tong line should directly link, with through operations, reducing travel times and removing the unnecessary forced transfers at or . However, the Beijing Subway responded that Line 1's and Batong's signal systems are completely different, so through-operation will be more difficult to achieve, from an engineering standpoint. As of 2016, preliminary design and feasibility studies are underway to allow for through operations between Line 1 and Ba Tong. On June 12, 2020, the project of the through operation of Line 1 and Ba Tong line was approved by Beijing Development and Reform Commission.
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The State of Virginia has pledged $155 million towards the extension to Virginia Beach, as well as lending up to $30 million from the Virginia Transportation Infrastructure Bank. The final route selected by the Virginia Beach City Council was the 3.5 mile short extension to the Town Center at Virginia Beach in mid-2015. On November 8, 2016, after a successful vote four years earlier and a 30 percent Preliminary Design finished a month earlier, 57 percent of Virginia Beach voters disapproved the referendum regarding to use city funds to pay part of the Town Center extension, which would have been close to $90 million.
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Now a commemorative work could memorialize a lesser conflict so long as it did not solely do so.Vietnam Veterans Memorial Visitor Center Authorization, Public Law 108–126 (November 17, 2003), Title II—Commemorative Works, Section 203(c). Title II, Section 203(c)(3) relaxed slightly the standard for issuing a construction permit. Now the Secretary of the Interior or the Administrator of the GSA, in consultation with NCMAC, had the discretion to issue a construction permit if both the NCPC and CFA had issued final (not preliminary) design approval and the foundation had 75 percent (not 100 percent) of the construction funds in hand.
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The Overlake to downtown Redmond segment of East Link was granted engineering and design funding in Sound Transit 2, passed by voters in 2008, leaving a future ballot measure to fund construction. During a funding shortfall in 2010, Sound Transit suspended engineering work on the downtown Redmond segment, which was later restored in 2016. The Sound Transit Board studied several alternative alignments in the downtown Redmond area and selected a route through Marymoor Park and on a disused railroad, terminating at the Redmond Town Center mall. The project was included in the Sound Transit 3 ballot measure, passed by voters in 2016, and preliminary design work began the following year.
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In January 1955, his suggestions about an atomic implosion as the first stage in a two-stage thermonuclear device were finally accepted by the theorists. On 14 January, Zel'dovich wrote a note to Khariton outlining the preliminary design scheme, with the following line: "The A.I. [atomic implosion] idea is due to Viktor Aleksandrovich Davidenko." The introduction to the final report by Sakharov and Zel'dovich on 25 June stated, "The participation of V. A. Davidenko was extremely profitable in the discussion of the problem during its early stage (1952)." He became a doctor and professor of physico-mathematical sciences and deputy supervisor of the Institute in 1957.
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John G. Diefenbaker will be fitted with a fully integrated diesel-electric propulsion system consisting of six diesel generating sets with a combined output of . The power plant, divided into two separate engine rooms, provides power for all shipboard consumers from propulsion motors to lighting in the accommodation spaces. Initially, two propulsion alternatives were proposed during the preliminary design: a traditional three-shaft configuration with a centerline rudder and a hybrid propulsion system consisting of two wing shafts and an azimuth thruster in the middle for improved maneuverability. Of these, the Canadian Coast Guard selected the latter with two wing shafts and a azimuth thruster.
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The cutter was originally proposed to replace aging medium endurance cutters with more capable and technologically advanced cutters as a part of the Integrated Deepwater System Program. By 2010 and 2011 some commentators speculated that the entire program was vulnerable to cancellation on budgetary grounds, because of the long delay in finalizing a preliminary design. However, a bill passed by the United States Congress on November 15, 2011, imposed conditions on the Coast Guard's capital expenditures, that revolved around the design of the Offshore Patrol Cutter, granting greater certainty to the project. By December 2011 plans for the cutter started to become more concrete.
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MathWorks and other third-party hardware and software products can be used with Simulink. For example, Stateflow extends Simulink with a design environment for developing state machines and flow charts. MathWorks claims that, coupled with another of their products, Simulink can automatically generate C source code for real-time implementation of systems. As the efficiency and flexibility of the code improves, this is becoming more widely adopted for production systems,A Software Safety Certification Plug-in for Automated Code Generators: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Design in addition to being a tool for embedded system design work because of its flexibility and capacity for quick iteration.
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The electrotechnical services of Deutsche Reichsbahn and Deutsche Bundesbahn took part in discussions on the electrification of the 88 km-long section between Bebra and Neudietendorf. This resulted in an upgrade program which, among other things, increased the speed of the line to 160 km/h (and potentially 200 km/h), the elimination of level crossings and the reconstruction of the Berlin Curve (Berliner Kurve) that bypasses Bebra towards Fulda. A framework design was adopted for the Neudietendorf–Eisenach section by the beginning of 1993. The planning for the free route between Eisenach and Gerstungen had been completed and the preliminary design for Gerstungen station had been confirmed.
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Missions which require new technologies to be developed are reviewed during these studies at the Concurrent Design Facility at the European Space Research and Technology Centre. After the study, up to three proposals are selected as finalists in "Phase A", in which a preliminary design for each candidate mission is formulated. The SPC then makes a final decision on which proposal proceeds to phases "B" through "F", which include the development, construction, launch, and disposal of the spacecraft used in the mission. During Phase A, each candidate mission is assigned two competing contractors to build their spacecraft, and the contractor for the winning mission is chosen during Phase B.
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S-Vision preliminary design In December 2009, SSVOBB Lambach Aircraft decided to freeze the Impuls-project and the remaining time of that academic year was used to make a thorough evaluation of the project. By the summer of 2010, after having conducted a feasibility study, the society decided to make a second attempt at building an own designed aircraft, which would later be named: S-Vision Unlike the design of the Impuls, that of the S-Vision is substantially more conventional. The S- Vision will have a low wing, fixed gear and single tail boom. The aircraft will be certified according to CS-VLA, which was introduced in 2003.
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Today, the Kogod Courtyard is a popular meeting place in DC. There is plenty of seating, free wifi, and a cafe with snacks for museum visitors open from 11:30 am until 6:30 pm. Design approval for the canopy proved difficult. The design had to be approved by the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC), which has statutory authority to approve all buildings and renovations in the D.C. metropolitan area. Although the NCPC approved the preliminary design, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), the United States Department of the Interior, the D.C. State Preservation Office, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation all opposed the enclosure of the courtyard.
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The club's future training facilities will be built in the city of Alcorcón which is located 15 km southwest of the Madrid metropolitan area.Nuevo Ciudad Deportiva According to the preliminary design of the new sports city, the training centre will accommodate 11 regular-sized training pitches, a stadium with a capacity of 15,000 seats, a medical centre, a dressing room building and a residential building for the players.La ciudad de los «sueños» rojiblancos With an area of 1.4 million m², the new complex will cost about 114 million euros. The training complex will be surrounded with a sports club including a golf course, multiple tennis courts and swimming pools.
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Development of the Starship began in 1979 when Beech decided to explore designs for a successor to its King Air line of turboprops that would fly faster and carry more passengers. The design was originated by Beechcraft in January 1980 as Preliminary Design 330 (PD 330). Beechcraft President Linden Blue was the executive sponsor of the project at its inception. Max E. Bleck was the Beechcraft President who oversaw its subsequent production. C.R. Stoner, head of Beechcraft’s Experimental division, was the project manager. On August 25, 1982, Beech contracted with Scaled Composites to refine the design and build an 85% scale proof-of-concept (POC) aircraft.
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A launchpad at Peenemünde as depicted in a miniature at the Deutsches Museum Several German guided missiles and rockets of World War II were developed by the HVP, including the V-2 rocket (A-4) (see test launches), and the Wasserfall (35 Peenemünde trial firings), Schmetterling, Rheintochter, Taifun, and Enzian missiles. The HVP also performed preliminary design work on very-long-range missiles for use against the United States. That project was sometimes called "V-3" and its existence is well documented. The Peenemünde establishment also developed other technologies such as the first closed-circuit television system in the world, installed at Test Stand VII to track the launching rockets.
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In 1946, the Electric Boat Company, an American industrial group, bought a controlling interest in the company; shortly thereafter, the two companies merged to form the American company General Dynamics in 1952. During 1954, General Dynamics opted to purchase Convair, which had been created by the merger of Consolidated Aircraft and Vultee Aircraft; as a result of this purchase, Canadair was reorganised as Convair's Canadian subsidiary. During the 1950s, Canadair decided that it would develop its own indigenous trainer aircraft as a private venture. This aircraft, which would become the CT-114 Tutor was the product of the company’s in-house Preliminary Design department.
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Yamazaki joined the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) in 1996 and was part of the development team for the system integration of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). She also worked on the JEM failure analysis and creating initial operation procedures. From June 1998 to March 2000, she was part of the ISS Centrifuge team (life science experiment facility) conducting conceptual framework and preliminary design. Yamazaki was selected as an astronaut candidate in February 1999 by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA, now JAXA), attended the ISS Astronaut Basic Training program beginning in April 1999, and was certified as an astronaut in September 2001.
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Except for moment distribution, which came into use in the 1930s, these methods were developed in their current forms in the second half of the nineteenth century. They are still used for small structures and for preliminary design of large structures. The solutions are based on linear isotropic infinitesimal elasticity and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. In other words, they contain the assumptions (among others) that the materials in question are elastic, that stress is related linearly to strain, that the material (but not the structure) behaves identically regardless of direction of the applied load, that all deformations are small, and that beams are long relative to their depth.
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The Ares V was intended as a heavy-launch vehicle to send large hardware and materials to the Moon, or to send supplies beyond Earth orbit to sustain human presence there. The Ares V was designed to be a three-stage rocket: the first and second stages, which burn together, were to use both solid and liquid propulsion with the upper stage providing the necessary propulsion to send the hardware and staples beyond low-Earth orbit and onto a trajectory to the Moon. Ares V underwent a preliminary design review after the results of the 2009 Augustine Commission."Bolden Directs MSFC Special Team to evaluate HLV alternatives". Nasaspaceflight.com (October 21, 2009).
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In the difficult period of ongoing global change in Russia - the geopolitical, social, economic, as well as in connection with the political situation created when Russia was left without a "sea gates" at the Caspian Sea, there was a need for the merchant fleet and the creation of Flotilla base in the region. After the preliminary design study for the construction of the future port site was chosen near the village of Olga Liman district in the Volga-Caspian canal Astrakhan Oblast. The project is implemented port Moscow Institute "Soyuzmorniiproekt." Construction of the port began with the adoption of decrees of the President of Russia from 31.10.
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In the case of rotational landslides in soft clay, the piles contribute to increasing the resisting moment by friction on the upper part of the pile shaft found in the landslide. In the case of suspended piles, strength is governed by the part of the pile offering the least resistance. In practice, those piles in the most unstable area of the slope are positioned first, in order to reduce any possible lateral ground displacements. Preliminary design methods for the micropiles, are entrusted to computer codes that carry out numerical simulations, but which are subject to simplifications in the models that necessitate characterizations of rather precise potential landslide material.
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The preliminary design options for the future diamond interchange would place the main ramps at either SR 524 or Paradise Lake Road. A coalition of politician and business leaders named "Finish522" was formed in 2018 to lobby the state government for barriers and complete grade separation in the wake of several fatal crashes in the mid-2010s. Long-term plans from WSDOT to address increasing traffic congestion in downtown Monroe include the construction of a highway bypass for US 2 to the north of the city. The project would include a northern extension of SR 522 to intersect the realigned US 2 near Kelsey Street and Chain Lake Road.
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In 1981, U.S. Army Aviators Jim Kreutz and Milo Burroughs undertook a study for a low cost battlefield attack aircraft (LCBAA), as they felt the close air support aircraft available were inadequate to support the U.S. Army operations. They decided that a fixed-wing aircraft with excellent maneuvering capabilities at very low altitudes and resistance to stall would be necessary. Burt Rutan joined their study to design an aircraft to meet the requirements with a two-phase program. The first phase was the preliminary design of LCBAA, while in the second phase the Long EZ aircraft was modified to serve as a technology demonstrator.
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Preliminary design studies for a replacement for the Morane-Saulnier MS-760 of the Argentine Air Force started at the Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) in 1978, with these studies resulting in selection of a proposal powered by a single Garrett TFE731 turbofan with high, unswept wings. At the same time the FMA signed a partnership agreement with Dornier to develop the new aircraft.Flores 1987, pp. 59–60. Although influenced by the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet design, the Pampa differs in being a smaller aircraft, it is also single-engined and has straight supercritical wings rather than the swept ones of the Alpha Jet.
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For Russia, "Moscow will provide the know-how and technology, while Beijing will be responsible for the cash". China could see the joint venture involving joint financial investments, rather than an intellectual property sale, as Russia wants with the research and development center in Moscow and the aircraft manufacturing in Shanghai. The main design center is in Russia and Shanghai will also have its own design office, for half of the work each. In September 2017, it was named CR 929 (CR standing for China-Russia), concept approval was slated for 2017, early configuration and preliminary design for 2018, design documentation for 2021, first flight for 2023 and introduction for 2025.
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In October 1949, one year after the creation of the B-52 concept, Schairer and Ed Wells were in Dayton Ohio examining wind tunnel data of an improved wing for the B-52 with Boeing aerodynamicist John Alexander. Their conversation turned to the concept of a civil jet transport. On the spot, they designed and sketched out a low-wing transport using essentially the B-52 wing design, with jet engines in separate pods on swept- back wings and a tricycle landing gear that retracted into the body. When the three engineers returned to Seattle, they passed their design on to the preliminary design group.
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NASA's "Lunar Architecture" forms a key part of its Global Exploration Strategy, also known as the Vision for Space Exploration. The first part of the Lunar Architecture is the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, which launched in June 2009 on board an Atlas V. The preliminary design review was completed in February 2006 and the critical design review was completed in November 2006. An important function of the orbiter will be to look for further evidence that the increased concentrations of hydrogen discovered at the Moon's poles is in the form of lunar ice. After this the lunar flights will make use of the new Ares I and Ares V rockets.
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The design of the ballpark, as well as the redevelopment plan for Tropicana Field, was released on November 28, 2007. On March 11, 2008, the Rays continued to move forward with plans for a downtown stadium by submitting a preliminary design consideration document to St. Petersburg officials. In addition, the organization announced that a detailed transportation and parking study had concluded that the Al Lang site in downtown St. Petersburg is well suited for the Rays' proposed waterfront ballpark. Nearly 14,000 parking spaces that may be available for the majority of ballpark events were identified, a figure that does not include roughly 7,000 on-street parking spaces.
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During this time she was also involved in Postwar construction including preliminary design work on the new City of Darwin and Commonwealth offices for Sydney and Melbourne. After working on larger projects Teague joined the team for major projects and was largely responsible for the original designs of the Braddon Flats and an earlier iteration of the National Library, both in Canberra, and the Commonwealth Offices in Melbourne. She later worked on the Lismore and Sydney, Commonwealth Offices, and subsequently remarked that she enjoyed the complexity of office building design. By 1959 Teague was promoted to Supervising Architect and became the Superintending Architect in 1960.
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Aimed at the deepwater drilling energy market, the preliminary design concept was a pressurized aircraft with an MTOW seating 19–22 passengers, a top speed, a range of and a ceiling of . The initial requirements targeted direct operating costs that would be 30% below a conventional helicopter and recurring cost 50% below. The CleanSky 2 objectives for 2020 compared to 2000 were a 17% drag reduction, a 7% to 20% noise reduction, and a radius flown in 1h 45min, hover included. The 12m (39 ft) span wings will be made out of epoxy carbon fiber, giving it wingspan similar to the AW609, with the chord doubled to .
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On April 26, 2006, the Argentine Federal Law 26.092 created ARSAT S.A.. By section 8 of said law the company is given the right to exploit the 81° West orbital slot. By Section 4 of the company's constitution, it is mandated to build in the country and operate a communication satellite. By the Decree 626/2007 of the National Communications Commission published on May 30, 2007, the rights to the 71.8° West orbital slot is transferred from Nahuelsat to ARSAT S.A. On August 28, 2008, ARSAT S.A. signs the order for the ARSAT-1 satellite with INVAP. On December 10, 2008, INVAP and ARSAT S.A. successfully performed the Preliminary Design Review for the satellite design.
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Work on the power system and drive train was begun. Eviation teamed up with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) to launch a research and development program in the spring of 2019 at ERAU’s Prescott, Arizona campus. The program would focus on performance analysis, validation and testing, along with preliminary design and sub-scale testing of future electric propulsion and airframe design concepts. By early 2019, Eviation had secured $200 million of investment to cover certification and production while the first prototype was assembled in Vannes, northwest France. In April 2019, Eviation selected MagniX Magni250s 375 shp (280 kW) electric motors turning at 1,900 rpm as an alternative power option to Siemens 260 kW motors.
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Admiral Lord Fisher first presented his requirements for the new ships to the DNC on 18 December, before they had even been approved. He wanted a long, high, flared bow, like that on the pre-dreadnought , but higher, four 15-inch guns in two twin turrets, an anti-torpedo boat armament of twenty guns mounted high up and protected by gun shields only, speed of 32 knots using oil fuel, and armour on the scale of the battlecruiser . Within a few days, however, Fisher increased the number of guns to six and added two torpedo tubes. Minor revisions in the initial estimate were made until 26 December, and a preliminary design was completed on 30 December.
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In 2010, a CPPCC member Chen Dingwang, proposed that services on Line 1 and the Ba Tong Line should directly link, with through operations, reducing travel times and removing the unnecessary forced transfers at Si Hui Dong(E) or Si Hui. However, the Beijing Subway responded that Line 1's and Ba Tong's signal systems are completely different, so through-operation will be more difficult to achieve from an engineering standpoint. As of 2016, preliminary design and feasibility studies are underway to allow for through operations between Line 1 and Ba Tong. On June 12, 2020, the project of the through operation of Line 1 and Ba Tong line was approved by Beijing Development and Reform Commission.
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The MiG-21 jet fighter was a continuation of Soviet jet fighters, starting with the subsonic MiG-15 and MiG-17, and the supersonic MiG-19. A number of experimental Mach 2 Soviet designs were based on nose intakes with either swept-back wings, such as the Sukhoi Su-7, or tailed deltas, of which the MiG-21 would be the most successful. Development of what would become the MiG-21 began in the early 1950s, when Mikoyan OKB finished a preliminary design study for a prototype designated Ye-1 in 1954. This project was very quickly reworked when it was determined that the planned engine was underpowered; the redesign led to the second prototype, the Ye-2.
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Koelle arrived in the U.S. in April 1955, three months before President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced that country's intent to launch a satellite during the International Geophysical Year in 1957. He took charge of Preliminary Design Section of the Structures and Mechanics Laboratory. The section had the task of carrying out "blue-sky" studies into conversions and modifications of various missiles for use as space launchers. Over time the section grew from 4 to 70 people as their studies on what was then known as "Super-Jupiter" evolved into the "Juno V" and finally into the Saturn I. Koelle's last job for the Army involved a feasibility study for a lunar base under Project Horizon.
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After only one month working as a naval architect, Amtmann was offered a position as an aircraft designer at Junkers in Dessau. He worked on the wings of the G 38 and Ju 52 all-metal transports, and on in-flight refuelling, rocket-assisted take-off and preliminary design work. There he also met Hermann Pohlmann, who would go on to design the famous Ju 87 Stuka or dive-bomber before eventually becoming Amtmann's superior in another company. In 1933 Amtmann moved to Heinkel at Warnemünde on the shores of the Baltic sea, where he worked on the fuselage of the He 70 transport before becoming involved once again on new project work.
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In January 2002, the development of a new cryogenic engines was approved by the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. The development responsibility was assigned to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, a division of the Academy of Aerospace Launch Propulsion Technology. The preliminary design was accomplished by mid-2002 and the first set of components was manufactured by early 2003. The same year saw the initial component and subsystem tests, with the gas generator successfully performing its first test on July 30. By December 2003 the whole powerpack successfully passed its first integrated test, and on September 17, 2004 a successful 50-second firing of a complete prototype engine was achieved.
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The bridge from the north or Fort Providence side of the Mackenzie River in July 2011 In 2000, the Fort Providence Combined Council Alliance (composed of the area's Dene, Metis and Fort Providence leaders) began considering whether to put together a bridge proposal. They obtained seed money from the territorial and federal governments, and by the end of 2001 had preliminary design and financing concepts. In 2002 a Memorandum of Intent was drafted between the Alliance and the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT). The Deh Cho Bridge Corporation (DCBC) was incorporated, and presented a proposal to the Government of the NWT to finance and build the bridge as a public–private partnership.
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However, the General Board finally decided to use faster ships, which "G" and "H" were not.Friedman, U.S. Battleships, 246–250 These studies demonstrated the difficulty the designers faced. With a displacement of 35,000 tons, there were two basic choices: a ship similar to "A1" which was faster (30 knots) but more lightly armed and armored than contemporary battleships or one which was slower but armed with heavier guns—although fitting in protection against 16-inch guns would be extremely difficult. Preliminary Design drew up five more studies in October, based upon either "A" with additional armor or a scaled-down "B"; all used 14-inch guns and called for 30 or 30.5 knots.
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A planned expansion to Lewis Farms, with the West Edmonton Mall en route, is in the engineering phase as part of the 27-kilometre Valley Line. The option approved by Council in 2010 has the west LRT extension run from downtown along 104 Avenue and Stony Plain Road to 156 Street, then south on 156 Street to Meadowlark Health And Shopping Centre, and then west along 87 Avenue to West Edmonton Mall and beyond. Proponents of this route cited opportunities for transit-oriented development. In 2016, the Valley Line West received funding through the Government of Canada’s Public Transit Infrastructure Fund (PTIF) to review the preliminary design that was completed in 2013.
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When the aircraft was first announced in 2007, it was presented as a 70-seat aircraft. However, when a model of the aircraft was shown at the 2008 Zhuhai Airshow, it was touted as capable of offering about 80 seats in 4-abreast configuration. Preliminary design was reviewed in January 2017, before detailed design. Okay Airways and Joy Air were announced as launch customers for the aircraft and to be involved with its development, which had been due to make its maiden flight in November 2019. By late 2017 there were 185 orders for the 86-seat aircraft with purchase agreements with 11 customers including Joy Air, Okay Airways and Cambodia Bayon Airlines.
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The most significant creation during Pierce's time at the studio was Frankenstein (1931), with Lugosi originally cast as the Monster. The preliminary design (from contemporary newspaper accounts and a recollection of the screen test by actor Edward Van Sloan) was similar to Paul Wegener's German film of The Golem (1920); this is not a surprising idea, since studio head Carl Laemmle Jr. and director Robert Florey were both familiar with German Expressionist films. However, there is some evidence that the Golem look wasn't actually used in a screen test Florey shot with Lugosi. Both Florey and Paul Ivano, his cameraman for the test, remembered that the makeup wasn't that different from what Boris Karloff would later wear.
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MNCPPC constructed the trail in the early 1980s and then connected it to the Rock Creek Trails in 2012. The county constructed a half- mile (0.8 km) long trail to connect it to the Rock Creek Stream Valley Trail as part of the ICC mitigation program. Preliminary design work on the connector trail began in 2006 when it was selected for funding by the Compensatory Mitigation and Environmental Stewardship fund for the Inter- County Connector (ICC). After a year-long controversy, during which the Manor Lake Civic Association fought the connector trail on grounds that a "bike highway" would drastically change the area around the lake, work began in 2010 and was completed in 2012.
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Two days later, White relayed the parameters for the ships to his staff, along with instructions to prepare a suitable design as quickly as possible. The new ships were to have a freeboard equal to that of the battleship , the same main battery as the preceding s, a secondary battery of ten guns, the speed and fuel capacity as the second-class battleship , and an armoured belt that was 6 inches thick.Burt, p. 168 Illustration of Canopus in 1900, by left White and his staff prepared a preliminary design sketch on 23 May, which they submitted to the Admiralty. This vessel was to carry the specified battery of four guns and ten 6-inch guns on a displacement of .
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Shaped concrete armour units (such as Dolos, Xbloc, Tetrapod, etc.) can be provided in up to approximately 40 tonnes (e.g. Jorf Lasfar, Morocco), before they become vulnerable to damage under self weight, wave impact and thermal cracking of the complex shapes during casting/curing. Where the very largest armour units are required for the most exposed locations in very deep water, armour units are most often formed of concrete cubes, which have been used up to ~195 tonnes for the tip of the breakwater at Punta Langosteira near La Coruña, Spain. Preliminary design of armour unit size is often undertaken using the Hudson Equation, Van der Meer and more recently Van Gent et al.
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However, it was altered into a "firefighter" following a request by forestry officials in the Quebec Service Aérien (Quebec Government Air Service) who wanted a more effective way of delivering water to forest fires. The 1962 preliminary design, designated as the CL-204, was a purpose-designed water bomber that evolved into an amphibian flying boat configuration, powered by two shoulder-mounted Pratt & Whitney R-2800 piston engines.Flight International 1968, p. 269. Its design was shaped by a desire for the CL-205 to be well-suited for performing a range of roles, including air-sea search and rescue, cargo haulage and commercial passenger-carrying, in addition to the water bomber mission.
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The station will replace the stop at Yaphank, which is hard to find, according to local residents, and only has 30 daily riders. Prior to the Governor's announcement, on July 21, 2016, elected officials from Brookhaven and the East End of Long Island had requested that the LIRR move the little-used stop at Yaphank to an industrial park near Brookhaven Technology Center and the William Floyd Parkway. In response, LIRR officials announced that the agency had been evaluating the potential relocation of the station as part of its Network Strategy Study. In December 2018, the consulting contract for the project's Preliminary Design and Environmental Review was awarded to Gannet Fleming for $4,040,289.
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The Tukwila station was also selected by Amtrak as a Cascades stop in January 1998, intended to serve all of southern King County as the lone stop between Seattle and Tacoma. Sound Transit selected the Longacres site as its preferred station location for Tukwila on March 12, 1998, and approved the purchase of from Boeing for the station in September. After receiving six design proposals for Tukwila station, Sound Transit selected MBT Architecture to lead the preliminary design team and later the final design team. Final design was suspended in early 1999 at the request of the Tukwila city council, who were seeking transit-oriented development proposals for the Longacres area from private developers.
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Second, the large number of interior walls on the site created areas that ignored the street alignments which gave the site shape. While the DVLMF believed nearly all visitors would come from the north (with pedestrians coming from the Capitol, United States Botanic Garden, and the National Museum of the American Indian), the CFA questioned this assumption and asked that pedestrian flow be studied. Finally, CFA members thought that raising and lowering the flame would trivialize the memorial, the flagpole should be located in less intrusive place, and that the trees in the reflecting pool would create serious maintenance problems. Nonetheless, the CFA approved the memorial's preliminary design on March 18, 2004.
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An arena was ultimately determined to be unfeasible due to "significant operational and construction related challenges." As a result of the Phase 1 recommendation, the Mayor of Baltimore requested the Maryland Stadium Authority to start Phase 2 which the MSA approved in July 2018. Phase 2 started in fall 2018 and will "outline preliminary design, cost estimating (construction and projects), and financing modeling." As of February 4, 2020, it was reported by the Baltimore Business Journal that the proposed expansion will not occur as a revised cost estimate for just expanding the convention center is more than $1.5 billion so the proposal has been scaled back significantly to only modernize the convention center, not expand it as previously proposed.
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That year, Congress authorized construction of the National Archives Building as part of a massive public buildings program designed to beautify the center of Washington, DC, and provide office space for the growing federal bureaucracy. This program led to the design and construction of buildings within the Federal Triangle. Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon gave the responsibility for designing the Triangle grouping to a Board of Architectural Consultants. Louis A. Simon, the Supervisory Architect of the Treasury Department, drafted a preliminary design for the Archives, placing it along Pennsylvania Avenue between 9th and 10th Streets, NW. In late 1927, preliminary drawings of the individual Triangle buildings were incorporated into a formal presentation of the entire project.
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During late 1948, both Douglas and Curtiss-Wright were awarded preliminary design contracts to further develop and refine their proposals. While Douglas managed to maintain the take-off weight at 68,000 lb, Curtiss were unable to meet the more generous 100,000 lb target during this phase, and thus were eliminated from consideration. During April 1949, the USN's critics succeeded in getting the United States-class carriers cancelled; this outcome validated Heinemann's decision to focus on a design that could operate from the navy's smaller s. During July 1949, the USN, recognizing the suitability of Douglas' design, awarded a contract for the production of two flight-capable prototypes and a single static airframe to the company.
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" Artist Gillis recalled his involvement in the project saying, "We were involved in everything from designing and sculpting the aliens to supervising a crew of about thirty people. We sculpted the main characters, supervised the molding and production of their appliances and oversaw the sculpting of the secondary and background characters." During the design phase, the producers supported the subtlety of the makeup and trying to make the aliens look as human as possible. A preliminary design sketch for the aliens as described by Mahan, was that "the males were going to have spines on top of their heads–kind of like a rooster's comb–and when they got angry, these spines would raise up.
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IC designers will map out the functional requirements, verification testbenches, and testing methodologies for the whole project, and will then turn the preliminary design into a system-level specification that can be simulated with simple models using languages like C++ and MATLAB and emulation tools. For pure and new designs, the system design stage is where an Instruction set and operation is planned out, and in most chips existing instruction sets are modified for newer functionality. Design at this stage is often statements such as encodes in the MP3 format or implements IEEE floating-point arithmetic. At later stages in the design process, each of these innocent looking statements expands to hundreds of pages of textual documentation.
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In 1968, Runge and Masters left Fairchild to form TENET Inc with the intent of building a mid-range system with the price of the mini offerings but the power of the mainframes. The early stages of forming TENET involved writing the business plan, preliminary design work on the machine architecture and the Operating System and recruiting key staff to join the venture. Concurrently Runge, to assist with his contribution to the company’s funding, took a contract with Fairchild to complete the specification of FACTOR and design its compiler. In 1969 they managed to arrange a meeting with Fred Adler, a NY trial attorney who had been instrumental in arranging venture capital funding for Data General's launch that year.
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Another is an STES application at a foundry in Sweden. Waste heat is recovered and stored in a large mass of native bedrock which is penetrated by a cluster of 140 heat exchanger equipped boreholes (155mm diameter) that are 150m deep. This store is used for heating an adjacent factory as needed, even months later.Andersson, O.; Hägg, M. (2008), "Deliverable 10 – Sweden – Preliminary design of a seasonal heat storage for ITT Flygt, Emmaboda, Sweden", IGEIA – Integration of geothermal energy into industrial applications, pp. 38–56 and 72–76, retrieved 21 April 2013 An example of using STES to recover and utilize natural heat that otherwise would be wasted is the Drake Landing Solar Community in Alberta, Canada.
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Retrieved: 26 April 2012. Arising from an earlier 1960s research study at the company, the original concept was for a twin-engined floatplane transport, that was altered into a "firefighter" as a result of a request by forestry officials in the Quebec Service Aérien (Quebec Government Air Service) for a more effective way of delivering water to forest fires. The 1962 preliminary design, designated as the CL-204, was a purpose-designed water bomber that evolved into an amphibian flying boat configuration, powered by two shoulder-mounted Pratt & Whitney R-2800 piston engines. Reportedly, in excess of 1,700 hours of wind tunnel and water tank testing was used to help define the aircraft's basic configuration.
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Petr Veliky had its genesis in the visit of the American twin- turret monitor to Kronstadt in August 1866, that inspired Rear Admiral A. A. Popov to submit a preliminary design for a low-freeboard, breastwork monitor with a full suite of sails and masts. He intended the ship to act as a hybrid monitor-cruiser, able to attack enemy shipping and threaten his ports. The design was approved by the Naval Technical Committee (), and a detailed design was prepared by September 1867. This was reviewed on 20 February 1868, and the coal supply was ordered to be raised from four to five days' steaming, which forced the design to be revised to accommodate the extra coal.
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A preliminary design was ready that September, and a consortium of major oil companies formed a new company, National Defense Pipelines, to build a pipeline along the route. The government Supply Priorities and Allocation Board, however, refused to approve the necessary steel, and the consortium's plan was dissolved shortly before the outbreak of war. After the outbreak of fighting, and the consequent deterioration of the sea routes for transporting oil, industry representatives met in March 1942 to produce a new pipeline strategy, called the Tulsa Plan. This included the construction of the Inch pipelines, backed by the slogan "longlines are lifelines", for which the steel was finally approved by the War Production Board on June 10.
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This space would become French's primary studio space for the rest of his working career, even though he divided his time between Stockbridge and New York City. In 1901 French hired Bacon to design a replacement for the farmhouse, the Georgian Revival structure now standing on the estate. His fame as a sculptor was cemented when he was chosen to provide the massive statue of Abraham Lincoln which stands in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. Although the final carving of this massive work was not done at Chesterwood, French did his preliminary design work here, which included the construction of a scale model. After French's death in 1931, Chesterwood passed to his daughter, Margarget French Cresson.
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About €15 million were pledged for the CSTS program at ESA's regular meeting on June 21 and June 22, 2006. Further funding of the study was to have been asked for at the next ESA meeting in July. Both partners, Russia and ESA, would have borne their own costs in the first 2 years of the program. "We are now entering a phase of working with the Russians where we will establish a preliminary design of the vehicle, establish all the legal framework for the operation, delineate the work share for the parties, and outline the aspects of development," said Manuel Valls, head of Policy and Plans Department in ESA's Directorate of Human Spaceflight, Microgravity, and Exploration Program.
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HiPER is currently studying devices that operate at 1 MJ at 1 Hz, or alternately 100 kJ at 10 Hz. R&D; continued on inertial fusion energy in the European Union and in Japan. The High Power laser Energy Research (HiPER) facility is a proposed experimental fusion device undergoing preliminary design for possible construction in the European Union to continue the development of laser-driven inertial confinement approach. HiPER is the first experiment designed specifically to study the fast ignition approach to generating nuclear fusion. Using much smaller lasers than conventional designs, yet produces fusion power outputs of about the same magnitude would offer a much higher Q with a reduction in construction costs of about ten times.
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To facilitate development of the long-range Navaho surface-to- surface cruise missile, North American Aviation (NAA) developed the RTV-A-5 (Research Test Vehicle, Air Force), or X-10 in 1951. This vehicle was to prove out critical flight technology for the design of the cruise vehicle of the Navaho missile design. These included proving the basic aerodynamics out to Mach 2, flight testing the inertial guidance unit and flight control avionics to the same speed, and finally validate the recovery system for the next phase in the Navaho program. Preliminary design of the X-10 was completed in February 1951 and the first vehicle was delivered to Edwards Air Force Base in May 1953. The first flight occurred on 14 October 1953.
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To make progress on understanding the function of muscle, new ways of observing how the network of filaments behave during contraction were needed. Prior to the war, he had been working on a preliminary design for interference microscopy, which at the time he believed to be original, though it turned out to have been tried 50 years before and abandoned. He, however, was able to make interference microscopy work and to apply it to the problem of muscle contraction with great effect. He was able to view muscle contraction with greater precision than conventional microscopes, and to distinguish types of fiber more easily. By 1953, with the assistance of Rolf Niedergerke, he began to find the features of muscle movement.
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In 2004, the Recommended Action of the New Haven Hartford Springfield Commuter Rail Implementation Study included the construction of a new Newington station as part of the New Haven-Hartford-Springfield Commuter Rail Line. A preliminary design in that report included two side platforms serving the line's two tracks, with a 200-space parking lot on the east side. However, Newington and other infill stations were not included in early funding for the line; when the busway station was built nearby, neither commuter rail platforms nor the parking lot were constructed. The 2012 environmental assessment included preliminary plans for infill stations at North Haven, Newington Junction, West Hartford, and Enfield; although they were not yet funded, this would allow future planning and construction to be expedited.
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In August 2018, the BBA appointed Spanish consulting company TYPSA to conduct the feasibility study and preliminary design of Dhaka Subway.. Initial plan was to construct a subway network of 90km, consisting of four lines, with stations spaced at an average distance of approximately one kilometer. After some feasibility studies, the project was expanded to cover the entire Dhaka with a total length of 238 kilometers. The new routes are yet to be finalized.. A number of geotechnical and geophysical surveys and investigations are to be carried out at a total of 250 locations, with boreholes being drilled at 180 of these. Boreholes are to be drilled at proposed station locations, with seismic CPTu tests to be carried out at intermediate locations between stations.
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Porter, p. 119. After the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, however, the United States Department of War sought Lenthalls help in designing shallow-draft warships for United States Army use in riverine warfare operations against Confederate forces.Tucker, p. 349 With his experience limited to deeper-draft seagoing ships, Lenthall doubted that a shallow-draft ship could house a successful steam propulsion plant, but he nonetheless drew up a preliminary design for a 170-foot (51.8-meter) warship with a beam of 28 feet (8.5 meters) and a draft of only 5 feet (1.5 meters) before passing it along to Samuel M. Pook and James Buchanan Eads so that he could devote his own time to ocean-going ships.
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The draft of the ships was also allowed to increase, which enabled the beam to narrow and thus reduced required power (since lower beam-to-draft ratio reduces wave-making resistance). This also allowed the ships to be shortened which reduced weight.Friedman, pp. 310–11. With the additional displacement, the General Board was incredulous that a tonnage increase of would allow only the addition of over the South Dakotas. Rather than retaining the 16-inch/45 caliber Mark 6 guns used in the South Dakotas, they ordered that the preliminary design would have to include the more powerful but significantly heavier 16-inch/50 caliber Mark 2 guns left over from the canceled s and battleships of the early 1920s.
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Admiral Lord Fisher first presented his requirements for the new ships to the Director of Naval Construction (DNC) on 18 December 1914, before the ships had even been approved. He wanted a long, high, flared bow, like that on the pre- dreadnought , but higher, four 15-inch guns in two twin turrets, an anti- torpedo boat armament of twenty guns mounted high up and protected by gun shields only, speed of 32 knots using oil fuel, and armour on the scale of the battlecruiser . Within a few days, however, Fisher increased the number of guns to six and added two torpedo tubes. Minor revisions in the initial estimate were made until 26 December and a preliminary design was completed on 30 December.
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Admiral Lord Fisher first presented his requirements for the new ships to the Director of Naval Construction (DNC) on 18 December 1914, before the ships had even been approved. He wanted a long, high, flared bow, like that on the pre- dreadnought but higher, four 15-inch guns in two twin-gun turrets, an anti- torpedo boat armament of twenty guns mounted high up and protected by gun shields only, speed of 32 knots using oil fuel and armour on the scale of the battlecruiser . Within a few days Fisher increased the number of guns to six and added two torpedo tubes. Minor revisions in the initial estimate were made until 26 December and a preliminary design was completed on 30 December.
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In addition to his geological survey work, Owen had a minor role in the preliminary design of the Smithsonian Institution Building in Washington, D.C.. In 1846 he also recommended the Seneca Quarry's distinctive, dark-red Seneca Creek sandstone that was used in its construction. The following year Owen identified a quarry at Bull Run, twenty-three miles from nation's capital, that provided the stone for the project.Hendrickson, David Dale Owen, pp. 80–82. David Owen and architect Robert Mills developed preliminary plans for the Smithsonian Institution's new building while his brother, U.S. Congressman Robert Dale Owen, introduced and helped to secure passage of the bill that founded the Smithsonian Institution in 1846, served on the Institution's first Board of Regents, and chaired its Building Committee.
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A NASA analysis of deflection alternatives, conducted in 2007, stated: > Non-nuclear kinetic impactors are the most mature approach and could be used > in some deflection/mitigation scenarios, especially for NEOs that consist of > a single small, solid body. The European Space Agency (ESA) is studying the preliminary design of two space missions for ~2020, named AIDA (formerly Don Quijote), and if flown, they would be the first intentional asteroid deflection mission. ESA's Advanced Concepts Team has also demonstrated theoretically that a deflection of 99942 Apophis could be achieved by sending a simple spacecraft weighing less than one ton to impact against the asteroid. During a trade-off study one of the leading researchers argued that a strategy called 'kinetic impactor deflection' was more efficient than others.
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John Glanfield, in his history The Devil's Chariots, states that it was a 75-millimetre or 13-pounder gun. A 6-pounder main gun for such a heavy machine would have meant half the main armament of contemporary vehicles. The preliminary design, for which partial blueprints are in the Albert Stern archive at King's College London, featured two six-pounders in sponsons either side of a bulbous nose equipped with no fewer than five machine guns. Each side had two machine-gun positions on the flanks, with two more at the rear (the original Foster drawings make this quite clear; the reproduction of the drawings in David Fletcher's book British Tanks 1915-19 is cropped and makes the rear guns ambiguous in nature).
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The Late Thomas Kelso.; Interesting Reminiscences of the Life of the Baltimore Philanthropist, The New York Times, July 27, 1878 The Y of Central Maryland completed a master-plan for Towson in 1995, then generated a "feasibility study and preliminary design" for phased renovation of what would be a facility in 2000. In January 2008 those schemes were superseded by a plan to raze all the buildings on the site. Demolition of the Kelso Home building - front facade Demolition of the Kelso Home building - view from existing fitness-center entry Baltimore County government and the current owner, Y of Central Maryland, are involved in an arrangement where the county would purchase 4 to 5 acres (about 2 ha) of the property for use as recreational fields.
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The section, crossing the sectors of the lower valley of the Azergues and Beaujolais, were contested by the agricultural areas and by a strong urban area (near Villefranche-sur-Saône). Despite the refusal by the associations, including a coordinating committee against the highway in Beaujolais (3CAB), which preferred the development of a national road with 2 × 2 lanes, the preliminary design studies summary still took place in 1997. The public inquiry was launched in June 1997 and the commission of inquiry gave a favorable opinion for the realisation of this section of highway. The procedure, leading to a declaration for public use, was not pursued according to a press release of 5 January 1999, following environmental difficulties as contained in the CIADT of 15 December 1998.
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Work on GeoEye-2 began in October 2007 when commercial imagery company GeoEye selected ITT Corporation to begin work on long lead-time items for the satellite camera system. In March 2010, an initial contract for construction of the spacecraft was awarded to Lockheed Martin Space Systems, which previously built the Ikonos imaging satellite. At the time, GeoEye-2 was planned for launch in late 2012. The spacecraft's preliminary design review was completed in November 2010, while its critical design review was completed in June 2011. Lockheed Martin issued a contract to ITT Corporation in August 2010 to continue work on the camera system, and the company announced the completion of the system's critical design review on 1 March 2011.
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While some non-human animals which traveled in space were celebrated as heroes—the chimpanzee Ham was buried at the International Space Hall of Fame in New Mexico, U.S.A., and the Soviet dog Laika has a bronze monument at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, near Star City in Russia—more than 50 years after her mission, there was no monument for Félicette. Then, in 2017 a crowdfunding campaign was started by Matthew Serge Guy to erect a bronze statue of Félicette to commemorate her contribution to science. The statue was designed by sculptor Gill Parker. The preliminary design depicted a cat on top of the Earth, and a plaque featuring the names of major donors was to be included.
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Although the preliminary design had been developed already in the late 1980s, the final technical design of LK-60Ya was completed in 2009 by Central Design Bureau "Iceberg" as Project22220. The construction of the lead ship was awarded to Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard, part of the state-owned United Shipbuilding Corporation, in August 2012 with a contract price of 36.959 billion rubles (about US$1.16 billion). A 84.4 billion ruble (about US$2.4 billion) follow-up contract for two additional vessels was signed in May 2014 and a second contract, worth over 100 billion rubles (about US$1.5 billion), for two more in August 2019. , there are a total of five Project22220 nuclear- powered icebreakers under construction or on order.
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Missouri was one of the "fast battleship" designs planned in 1938 by the Preliminary Design Branch at the Bureau of Construction and Repair. She was laid down at the Brooklyn Navy Yard on 6 January 1941, launched on 29 January 1944 and commissioned on 11 June with Captain William Callaghan in command. The ship was the third of the Iowa class, but the fourth and final Iowa-class ship commissioned by the U.S. Navy.At the time Missouri was commissioned two other Iowa-class battleships— and —were under construction, and the United States Navy had commissioned plans for the s; however, Illinois and Kentucky were canceled before their construction had been completed, and the Montanas were suspended and ultimately canceled before any of their hulls were laid down.
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The design was unveiled in Denver on November 15, 2016 and it was initially intended to make its first subsonic flight in late 2017, powered by three General Electric CJ610 turbojets (a civilian J85), with subsequent supersonic flight testing at Edwards AFB. By April 2017, enough financing was secured to build and fly it. Its preliminary design review was completed by June 2017, with a switch of engine to the military version of the J85 to take advantage of the extra thrust. It was then anticipated that flight tests would start late 2018. In 2017, the composite wing spar was load tested while being heated in an hydraulic testbed at , above the heat soak operational temperature. First expected supersonic flight slipped to 2019.
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Adams, now a couple of months before his twentieth birthday, did a series of preliminary design drawings, basing the main character's appearance and hairstyle on that of singer Limahl, and the female lead, Ricochet Rita, on Nocenti herself. The series was freelance-edited by Louise Simonson, and without a firm schedule, which provided Adams the time he needed to complete it. This was due in part to his problems with perspective and other things he was not accustomed to drawing, such as windmills, babies and people smiling, and in part because he had to redraw the first half of it, as Ann Nocenti's story was so dense that the pages featured up to 20 panels. As a result, Adams took eight months to draw the first issue.
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It is proposed to construct the Beijing West station as soon as possible. In early December 1981, the Beijing Railway Bureau issued a letter to the Ministry of Railways and the Beijing Municipal Government to apply for the construction of the Beijing West Railway Station, and the preliminary design was officially launched. Subsequently, the planning team headed by former Minister of Railways Lu Zhengcao, together with personnel from the Ministry of Railways, Beijing Railway Administration, and the Third Design Institute of the Ministry of Railways, conducted on-site inspections to select the site for the station. The team members once climbed the Xiaotu Mountain on the north bank of the lotus pond to get an overview of the local area.
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In Apocalypse 5, a document outlining the preliminary design decisions for Raku pattern matching, Larry Wall enumerated 20 problems with the "current regex culture". Among these were that Perl's regexes were "too compact and 'cute'", had "too much reliance on too few metacharacters", "little support for named captures", "little support for grammars", and "poor integration with 'real' language". Between late 2004 and mid-2005, a compiler for Raku style rules was developed for the Parrot virtual machine called Parrot Grammar Engine (PGE), which was later renamed to the more generic Parser Grammar Engine. PGE is a combination of runtime and compiler for Raku style grammars that allows any parrot-based compiler to use these tools for parsing, and also to provide rules to their runtimes.
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According to Advisor to the General Director of the Krylov State Research Center Valeriy Polovinki, that worked out the destroyer’s preliminary design, "The Lider will be a universal ship, triple-hatted as a destroyer, large ASW ship and guided missile cruiser while being smaller than Project 1144 ships and carrying far more weaponry," as reported in The Defence Talk. He further reported the new destroyer "is meant to replace the s, the main anti-surface warships of the Russian Navy, as well as the s and the anti-submarine destroyers." The new destroyer will have extensive food storage and stores, giving them an independent cruising capability of 90 days. The ships will be about long with a beam of , and a maximum speed of .
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R-13 can be found here too, as well > as in the yard number of Sviatogor A/W 904.Myers."All these icebreakers were > constructed in England, in Newcastle and yards nearby; there are traces of > my work in every one of them, especially the Alexander Nevsky—now the > Lenin;I did the preliminary design, and after that none of the vessel's > drawings arrived in the workshop without having been checked and signed: > 'Chief surveyor of Russian Icebreakers' Building E.Zamiatin." [The > signature is written in English.] (Zamyatin ([1962])) Many comparisons to The Bible exist in We. There are similarities between Genesis Chapters 1–4 and We, where the One State is considered Paradise, D-503 is Adam, and I-330 is Eve.
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Under Canadian bilingualism laws, letters patent are written in both English and French, though the petitioner may choose which language will be placed in the left column of the document. Completed grant documents are recorded in the Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada and the notice of the grant is published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, under the section "Government House". The Government of Canada requires that the above processes be financed by the petitioner; that is the person requesting the grant or registration of arms, who pays the fees associated with the request and grant/registration. The processing fee for all petitioners is CAD$435 (plus GST), with the cost of one preliminary design ranging from $200 to $1,000.
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During the 1980s, Israeli aerospace company Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), decided to embark upon the development of a private-venture fighter aircraft; as envisaged, this programme was to be principally based around the airframe of the IAI Kfir and the advanced avionics that had been developed for the cancelled IAI Lavi.Interavia 1988, p. 209. Speaking on the Nammer, Moshe Scharf, IAI's director of international military aircraft marketing stated of the reasoning behind the initiative: "Upgrading the existing Kfir platform will not be as cheap as building a new airframe based on the proven delta canard concept". By early 1988, the company had completed the preliminary design and system definition stages of the Nammer's development and had progressed onto the detail design phase.
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In 1949, the County of Marin and the City of Richmond commissioned a preliminary engineering report from Earl and Wright of San Francisco, which concluded that a bridge would be feasible. A follow-up 1950 study, conducted by the Division of San Francisco Bay Toll Crossings, was commissioned by Marin County and the City of Richmond using in state funding. The 1950 report concluded the bridge could be built in accordance with the California Toll Bridge Authority Act. The preliminary design was approved on 1951-08-08 and California approved the preliminary report on 1951-11-27. The California Toll Bridge Authority authorized the issue of in bonds on 1952-11-07 and subsequently sold on 1953-02-26 to construct a single-deck bridge.
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As a member of The Regional Automated Consortium (TRAC), the Peace River Public Library provides patrons with access to over 2.9 million holdings throughout Alberta. In addition to books, videos, books on tape or CD, music CDs, several daily newspapers and reference material and information about Peace River, the Peace River Public Library carries some old environmental reports from area industries as well as a demonstration CANFLEX fuel bundle in the nuclear display from the time when Energy Alberta first proposed building a nuclear plant in the region. Having grown out of space and aging, the Peace River Public Library is in the process of being upgraded and upsized. The preliminary design layout is located on the Town of Peace River's website.
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During July 1986, IAE confirmed to conduct a preliminary design study for a concept examining a high-bypass engine which used the V2500 core components. This engine, commonly referred to as the SuperFan, had a projected maximum thrust of around 28,000–32,000 lbf while having only 80% of the V2500's specific fuel consumption. Prior to that study, the IAE shareholders Rolls-Royce plc, Pratt & Whitney and MTU Aero Engines had examined several configuration for a high-bypass engine, including several design features like a variable fan blade pitch, a geared fan or counterrotating concepts (geared as well as ungeared). Review of these design studies in June indicated the design of such a high-bypass engine as a single- rotation, geared fan configuration with variable blade pitch.
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Formerly with the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company in 1916, the Loughead brothers (Allan and Malcolm) started the Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company in Santa Barbara, California to build the F-1 flying boat for their aerial sightseeing business. Preliminary design work had been started by Alan Loughead in early 1916, and they began its construction in a rented garage, which soon attracted the attention of 20-year-old John K. "Jack" Northrop. Northrop was skilled in drafting and mathematics, and the Lougheads quickly put him to work helping to design the F-1. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, Allan Loughead went to Washington to try to get a Navy contract to build the F-1 in quantity.
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Two weeks after the meeting, the temporary organizing company known as the Trent Valley Canal Extension, hired E.J. Walsh to produce a preliminary design for the canal. Walsh had been a primary engineer on the later sections of the Trent-Severn, as well as many other major construction projects across the country. He was, however, still working on his own while many of his former underlings had since received appointments in the civil service. Walsh considered himself a victim of this patronage, and stated that "My engineering record is unassailable: the works successfully carried out are an uncompromising refutation of any reflection thereon" while going on to state that his superiors in the Department of Railways and Canals were "self-seeking obsequious sycophants".
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According to Perminov, the agency and its main research and certification center—TsNIIMash—had already conducted an expanded meeting of the Scientific and Technical Council, NTS, examining follow-on transport systems, including the next-generation crewed ship. It would be followed by a government tender to select a developer for the new vehicle. Perminov further indicated that the new spacecraft would be expected to enter service within a time frame of the Orion spacecraft, but a more detailed development plan would be ready with the preliminary design of the vehicle in the middle of 2010. In the first quarter of 2009, Roskosmos released requirements which were used in the development of the Technical Assignment to the industry working on the PPTS project.
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Dąbrowski's preliminary design won an internal PZL contest for the new plane and in the fall of 1934 Dąbrowski became chief engineer of the project. The all-metal aircraft with a large elliptical wing and aerodynamically profiled fuselage had superb flying qualities. The requirement to cary bombs in the wing resulted in the development of an elongated aerodynamic cross-section with excellent qualities, later identified as a laminar flow airfoil. The PZL.37 could carry more than 5000 lb of bombs (2500 kg) over a distance of 900 miles (1500 km) and 2200 lb (1000 kg) over 1400 miles (2200 km - to Moscow and back?), however the Polish Air Force did not have a clear philosophy for the use of such plane.
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Triton was approved by the US Navy in 1946 and a preliminary design was ready by 1950. The goal was to produce a supersonic land-attack nuclear cruise missile capable of being launched from the same platforms and equipment as the subsonic SSM-N-8 Regulus I, which were surface combatants, submarines, and aircraft carriers via launch rails or catapults. One reference cites Triton as an outgrowth of Operation Bumblebee, which produced the Navy's first production surface-to-air missiles, notably Talos, which had a ramjet sustainer like Triton.Friedman Submarines, p. 263 An artist’s concept shows the first iteration of Triton with a long ramjet body, two mid-body stub wings, and four solid-fuel boosters clustered around a relatively large cruciform tail.
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Governor Parnell ordered a halt to the project and redirected the effort towards two smaller, cheaper day-use vessels. The Elliott Bay Design Group of Seattle, Washington delivered a preliminary design study for the smaller day boat Alaska-class ferries in the summer of 2013 and a final design in 2014. Based on this design, a request for proposal was sent to Vigor Alaska on August 1, 2014. Negotiations between the state and Vigor resulted in a contract signing on October 16, 2014 for the construction of two ferries for a guaranteed maximum price of $101,513,651. Tazlina's keel was laid in a ceremony attended by Governor Bill Walker on December 13, 2014. The vessel was built as 23 prefabricated modules that were assembled into the ship.
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Keio Alpha is a student design team formed by a group of postgraduate students from Graduate School of System Design and Management, Keio University, Japan. In July 2015, the team accepted an invitation from Elon Musk to submit design entries for an open-source pod that would advance Hyperloop technology development, in the SpaceX-sponsored Hyperloop pod competition. The team was founded by David Chew Vee Kuan with his faculty advisor, Prof Yoshiaki Ohkami, to build a team of four students to submit a preliminary design to SpaceX for review. The team proposed the vision of Hyperloop System in connecting satellite cities with major cities of distance more than 500 km but able to travel at speed of plane and at the convenience of a train.
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Imperator Nikolai I was designed in response to efforts by the Ottoman Empire to acquire modern dreadnoughts from abroad. By late 1913 it appeared that the Turks would be able to muster three dreadnoughts, two of which were armed with guns, versus the three Russian dreadnoughts of the Imperatritsa Mariya class then building. A modified version of that class would be the quickest to put into service and the preliminary design work began in December of that year, well before she was formally ordered on 12 September 1914. She was a much bigger and more heavily armored ship than the earlier ships, but her guns and machinery were virtually identical to those of the Imperatritsa Mariya class to save time.
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In July 2009, the United States Army announced the development of AATE would continue under the Improved Turbine Engine Program (ITEP); ITEP would result in an engine that would improve the AH-64 and UH-60 hot and high capacities and increase combat radius. In August 2016, ATEC and GE were awarded 24-month contracts under ITEP to take their engines through preliminary design review; this phase culminated in April 2018 with ATEC and GE demonstrating their prototypes to the Army. On 1 February 2019, the US Army selected the GE T901 as the winner of the ITEP program, awarding the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) contract for $517 million. Later that same month, ATEC protested the selection of the GE T901 over its T900 in a filing with the Government Accountability Office (GAO).
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The panel identified 23 issues, including stray currents from the electrical system that could cause corrosion, the weight of the tracks and catenary on top of the deck, the design of the expansion joints, and a needed seismic upgrade for the bridge. The panel recommended several mitigation measures for the identified issues, which were accepted for consideration by Sound Transit, and gave the preliminary go-ahead on the project. Sound Transit authorized a $53 million budget for preliminary engineering work on the floating bridge segment in 2011, contracting out to a team led by Parsons Brinckerhoff and Balfour Beatty. Preliminary design on the track bridge system to be used over the bridge's expansion joints was completed in early 2012, following the development of computer models and prototypes tested at the University of Washington.
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Other problems included the design's defense against aircraft-dropped bombs, as the Bureau thought the formula used to calculate its effectiveness was not realistic; and the tapering of a fore bulkhead below the waterline could worsen underwater shell hit problems because the mostly unarmored bow could easily be penetrated. The solutions for these issues were all impractical; added patches of armor around the magazines could neutralize the torpedo-defense system's effectiveness, and deepening the belt near the bow and stern would put the ships over the 35,000 long ton limit. The General Board detested this design, saying it was "not ... a true battleship" due to its speed and armor problems.Friedman, U.S. Battleships, 261–263 To address these problems, a final set of designs, "XVI-B"–"XVI-D", was presented by Preliminary Design in October 1936.
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The Tu-14 had its origin in the three-engined '73' design which used a pair of Rolls-Royce Nene turbojets under the wings and a single Rolls-Royce Derwent V in the tail, in an installation much like that of the central engine of a Boeing 727. The availability of the Klimov VK-1, a more-powerful version of the Nene, allowed the RD-500 to be deleted from the preliminary design, which was given the internal designation of "81". The other major change was the addition of a PSBN navigation radar which required a fifth crewmember to operate. This was rejected by the VVS and Tupolev reworked the design to eliminate the dorsal and ventral turrets and reduce the crew to only three, the pilot, a bombardier-navigator, and a tail gunner.
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In 1976, Mattel's CEO Ray Wagner declined a request to produce a toyline of action figures based on the characters from the George Lucas film Star Wars. Upon the commercial success of the film trilogy during the next few years and all related merchandise, Mattel attempted to launch several unsuccessful toylines, none of which captured the public's imagination or made a significant dent in the toy market. These included: Kid Gallant, a medieval knight; Robin and the Space Hoods, a sci-fi figure; and the daredevil Kenny Dewitt (pronounced "Can He Do It)?" In the race to design the next hit action figure, Roger Sweet, a lead designer working for Mattel's Preliminary Design Department throughout much of the 1970s and 1980s, realized simplicity was the key to success he says in his book.
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Architect Dan Meis drew inspiration from Allianz Arena in Munich, which features an LED-illuminated exterior made of ETFE. Under a preliminary design schematic released in May 2018, the stadium would have 21,080 seats, with 16,610 general admission seats and 3,970 premium seats. An additional 7,000 seats would be added by filling in two of the corners and ends. However, in June 2018, the club said they were essentially "starting over" on designing the stadium. General manager Jeff Berding said he expected the capacity to be somewhere between 21,000 and 30,000, depending on what the club could afford. The second iteration of the stadium design by MEIS Architects In October 2018, FC Cincinnati released new design concept images of the West End Stadium for the first time since the stadium site had been finalized.
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The USAF began a series of projects to replace Bullpup, both larger versions of Bullpup, models C and D, as well as a series of Bullpup adaptations offering fire-and-forget guidance. Among the latter were the AGM-83 Bulldog, AGM-79 Blue Eye and AGM-80 Viper. From 1966 to 1968, Hughes Missile Systems Division and Rockwell competed for the contract to build an entirely new fire-and-forget missile with far greater range performance than any of the Bullpup versions. Each were allocated $3 million for preliminary design and engineering work of the Maverick in 1966. In 1968, Hughes emerged with the $95 million contract for further development and testing of the missile; at the same time, contract options called for 17,000 missiles to be procured.
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The design was modified to increase protection against shell splinters on the unprotected sides of the ship's hull, the armour of the secondary armament was increased to resist semi-armour-piercing bombs, and the splinter belt's thickness fore and aft of the main armour belt was reduced by in compensation. A small conning tower was added aft, and four Unrotated Projectile mounts were added to supplement the six octuple-barrel 2-pounder anti-aircraft mounts already planned. More pressing commitments forced the preliminary design work to be suspended again in June and when it resumed in October, the design was modified again in light of recent war experience. Greater fuel capacity was added and the armour protection improved but these changes deepened the design's draught so that it exceeded the limit of the Suez Canal.
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The bent pylon of the Erasmus Bridge with 16 pairs of front stay cables and 2 sets of back stay cables; back stay cables attached at the minimal height of the third front stay, limiting the cantilever of the upper front cables at the top of the pylon. During the preliminary design process, many alternative designs were developed. In 1990, one of the review architects, Ben van Berkel, revealed his own design, which was similar to the one Santiago Calatrava used for the Alamillo Bridge in Sevilla, Spain: a single pylon positioned on one side of the river with a backward lean. Because the initially designed 150-m-high concrete bent pylon was to act as a counterweight for the 284-m span, the pylon had no back stays.
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The Ag Cat was the first aircraft specifically designed by a major aircraft company for agricultural aviation, and the first aircraft designed according to the regulations of Civil Aeronautics Manual Part 8, which had been written especially for agricultural aircraft. In 1955, Grumman preliminary design engineers Joe Lippert and Arthur Koch proposed the design for a "purpose built" crop dusting airplane as a means of fulfilling a pressing need in the agricultural community as well as the perceived need for Grumman to diversify its product lines. The initial market survey indicated that 100 - 200 of this type could be sold each year. Lippert's initial proposal was made under the project name "Farmair 1000." The first G-164, which was built by Grumman (N74054), was equipped with a Continental W670 Series 6A-16 powerplant.
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Claude Sahut). Some of his other important projects include Rímac Building (1919–24), Congress Building, façade of the Archbishop's Palace (1924), interiors of the Mayor's Office in Lima, the National Club, Society of Engineers, façade of the City's Theatre, Office of Deposits & Consignations, Bank of Italia (today Credit Bank), Embassy of Columbia, urban design and a preliminary design of the buildings at the principal Avenue Paseo de la Republica and the Dos de Mayo Square. He was the architect of various buildings in the center of Lima, residential sectors of Lima and sea resorts (such as Santa María del Mar, Distrito de San Bartolo, Santa María de Chosia). Malachowski was an impact to the overall architecture of Lima, Peru in the time that he lived and worked there.
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The revised design is distinctly different from the original plan, which was for a similar structure to the Houghton bridge. Its location was shifted to the east side of the Houghton bridge in order to provide it with some level of storm surge protection Increases in the cost of construction materials and labour, changes to the scope of the project following technical investigations and community consultation, extra costs associated with the removal of the Hornibrook bridge, as well as design improvements spurred by the events of Hurricane Katrina meant the total cost increased to $315 million, compared with the $149 million estimated in 2004. The preliminary design went on display in June 2007. A falsework platform was used and continually relocated as construction of the bridge segments progressed.
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The conclusions of the US EPA study of the Draft WASH-1400 acknowledges the role of Ref 1 and its criticism of the Maximum Credible Accident approach used by AEC. MCA sets the reliability target for the containment but those for all other safety systems are set by smaller but more frequent accidents and would be missed by MCA. In 2009 a risk analysis was conducted on underwater tunnel excavation under the Han River in Korea using an earth pressure balance type tunnel boring machine. ETA was used to quantify risk, by providing the probability of occurrence of an event, in the preliminary design stages of the tunnel construction to prevent any injuries or fatalities because tunnel construction in Korea has the highest injury and fatality rates within the construction category.
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The "Spring Styles" books were a series of project books maintained by the United States Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair (C&R;) and contained plans of potential warship designs for Navy leadership. Called "Spring Styles" by the Preliminary Design staff after the term for ladies' fashion catalogs, they fulfilled an important role in the design of various ship classes from aircraft carriers and battleships to much smaller vessels. the Bureau of Construction and Repair became the Bureau of Ships in 1940 and is known presently as Naval Sea Systems Command. The plans in these books were used in many cases to illustrate potential ship designs for Navy leadership, usually the General Board, of the implications of certain design characteristics and were used to help make decisions regarding them.
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Due to U.S. refusal to supply Taiwan with either the F-16/79 or F-20, the Republic of China government tasked its Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC) to develop an indigenous fighter. Preliminary design studies began in 1980, and the Indigenous Defense Fighter (IDF) program was launched two years later. Since Taiwanese industry had not developed a sophisticated fighter before, AIDC sought design and development assistance from General Dynamics and other major American aerospace companies. With such assistance, a design was finalized in 1985. The IDF design is by no means a copy of the F-16, but it was clearly influenced by the F-16, such as the layout of control surfaces, yet it also features design elements from the F-5, like its twin-engine configuration.
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The Sackler Museum, originally designed as an extension to the Fogg, elicited worldwide attention from the time of Harvard's commission of Stirling to design the building, following a selection process that evaluated more than 70 architects. As a measure of the excitement generated by the project, the University mounted an exhibition of the architects' preliminary design drawings in 1981, James Stirling's Design to Expand the Fogg Museum and issued a portfolio of Stirling's drawings to the press. After completion, the building's coverage was even greater, with general acknowledgment of the building's significance as a Stirling design and a Harvard undertaking. Aside from descriptions of the building's organization and exterior appearance, perhaps most noted was the way in which the inventive design accommodated its diverse program on a challenging site.
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As part of the expansion of Link Light Rail by Sound Transit, the transit center is planned to be the southern terminus of the Federal Way Link Extension, which would extend light rail south from its current terminus at Angle Lake station to Federal Way. A voter-approved plan passed in 2008 proposed funding to design, but not construct, a light rail station and other bus and parking improvements at the transit center. In 2016, the Sound Transit 3 plan approved a 2024 completion date for light rail to Federal Way Transit Center, as well as a light rail extension from Federal Way to Tacoma to be opened by 2030. The preliminary design for the light rail station consists of an elevated platform along 23rd Avenue South that is located two blocks south of the current transit center.
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The co-investigator institutions included Malin Space Science Systems (California), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), NASA Ames Research Center (California), NASA Johnson Space Center (Texas), MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates (Canada), Optech Incorporated (Canada), SETI Institute, Texas A&M; University, Tufts University, University of Colorado, University of Copenhagen (Denmark), University of Michigan, University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland), University of Texas at Dallas, University of Washington, Washington University in St. Louis, and York University (Canada). Scientists from Imperial College London and the University of Bristol provided hardware for the mission and were part of the team operating the microscope station. On June 2, 2005, following a critical review of the project's planning progress and preliminary design, NASA approved the mission to proceed as planned. The purpose of the review was to confirm NASA's confidence in the mission.
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H-II series The H-IIB was a space launch vehicle jointly designed, manufactured and operated by JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to launch the H-II Transfer Vehicle. The system was designed to adopt methods and components that have already been verified by flights on the H-IIA, so that manufacturing the new launch vehicle would be more cost-effective, with less risk, in a shorter period of time. JAXA was in charge of preliminary design, readiness of the ground facility, and the development of new technologies for the H-IIB, in which the private sector has limited competencies, while the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was responsible for manufacturing. JAXA successfully conducted eight firing tests of the new cluster design with the simulated first-stage propulsion system, called Battleship Firing Tests, since March 2008, at MHI's Tashiro Test Facility in Ōdate, Akita Prefecture.
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The idea for the establishment of the Friendship Park of memorial character came from Young Gorani who, in the name of holding the first Conference of NAM in Belgrade in 1961, decided to establish a memorial park as a symbol of the struggle for peace and equality for all peoples in the world. On 29 August 1961, their initiative was supported by the Council for Culture and the Council for Urban Planning of the National Committee of the City of Belgrade. Тito’s planting plane trees on 7 September 1961 was considered the grand opening of the Park. The first preliminary design was done by engineer Vladeta Đorđević, but the final solution regarding the appearance and organization of park space is shown in the project called "Potez," which won first prize at the Yugoslav competition in 1965.
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SpaceCub was a design project for a homebuilt rocket. Between 1993 and 1994, Geoffrey A. Landis proposed that a vehicle designed to launch to the edge of space might be a feasible project for a "personal" spaceship, the equivalent of a Piper Cub for space. The insight was that a flight to "only" 100 km would reach the officially defined edge of space, and even though this is much easier a challenge than an orbital flight, such a suborbital flight would be of excitement to the public, and the pilot would be officially qualified as an astronaut. A small group of rocket enthusiasts, computer hobbyists, and science-fiction writers gathered together to do a preliminary design, with the ultimate goal of moving on to building a prototype, with (then) physics student David Burkhead leading the technical effort.
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These included: Kid Gallant, a medieval knight; Robin and the Space Hoods, a sci-fi figure; and the daredevil Kenny Dewitt, pronounced "Can He Do It?" In the race to design the next hit action figure, Roger Sweet, a lead designer working for Mattel's Preliminary Design Department throughout much of the 1970s and 1980s, according to his book Mastering the Universe: He-Man and the Rise and Fall of a Billion-Dollar Idea, was the first to conceptualize the idea of He-Man. However, this is not officially acknowledged by Mattel, and authorship of the He-Man character has been subject to debate.The general consensus among the fandom is that it was the collaborative efforts of many designers and artists (including Mark Taylor, Roger Sweet, Anthony G. Guerrero, Ted Mayer, Tom Kalinske, and others) that inspired and produced the original MOTU toys.
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By late 1918, U.S. Navy leaders were aware of the shortcomings of the existing Curtiss NC flying boat, and the Chief of Naval Operations proposed to adopt larger and more capable aircraft. In 1919, the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company issued preliminary drawings for a six- engine triplane flying boat weighing , but influential aeronautical engineer Jerome Clarke Hunsaker and pioneering naval aviator Holden C. Richardson decided on an even more ambitious project, drafting specifications for a flying boat with a radius of action of at a minimum speed of . A second Curtiss proposal was rejected, and with other aircraft companies expressing disinterest, the project was assigned to the NAF. The range and speed of the preliminary design would fall slightly short of specifications; despite this, on 7 April 1920, United States Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels authorized construction to proceed.
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For nearly three years, companies developed their candidates with company funds based on assumptions about the Navy's requirements without any guidance from the service. The Navy did not issue any aircraft performance specifications or draft requirements until the spring of 2013, so competitors tried to refit their aircraft for the preliminary design review phase. The lack of feedback was compounded by the shift of mission statements, from a long-range penetrating strike platform to long-duration orbits over permissive airspace. Endurance requirements of over 12 hours were especially hard to meet, as there are limitations of an aircraft's wingspan for holding fuel on the confined space of an aircraft carrier; the UCLASS had to maintain two orbits around the ship, or one orbit at a range of , with the ability to attack lightly-defended targets out to .
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Right plan and elevation drawing from Brassey's Naval Annual 1923; the shaded areas represent the ships' armour plating The early design history of the Queen Elizabeth class is not well known because not many records have survived in the files of the Board of Admiralty. When Winston Churchill became First Lord of the Admiralty in October 1911, the ships of the 1911–1912 Naval Programme, the four s and the battlecruiser were being ordered and preliminary design work had begun on the new class of battleships scheduled for the 1912–1913 Naval Programme. Each class received its own alphabetical designation with the Iron Dukes being MIV, the fourth major iteration of Design M. Presumably the improved 1912–1913 ships were Design N, but no details of it have been found in Admiralty records. The letter O was not used during this time.
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The "I-90 Allston Multimodal Project" is a plan to replace a deteriorating viaduct in Allston by straightening the turnpike through the land of the former Beacon Park Yard, which is owned by Harvard University, along with improvements to the MBTA's Framingham/Worcester Line. The preliminary design plan calls for the turnpike to be realigned at-grade and off of the existing viaduct, and for the adjacent Soldiers Field Road to be partially realigned onto a new viaduct above the turnpike and off of the existing at-grade roadbed. The design is of a considerably smaller footprint than the existing configuration; this would facilitate the construction of the proposed West Station and the expansion of Harvard University on land where the existing viaduct is located. The design phase was expected to be completed in 2019, and with a planned ground breaking in 2020.
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A preliminary design for the new station was unveiled in December 2013, replacing of Freighthouse Square's west end with a structure clad in red corrugated metal. The design was met with public outcry over its unattractive design, labeled an "Amshack", and the proposed destruction of Freighthouse Square's facade for what The News Tribune termed an "architectural abomination". The backlash forced WSDOT to withdraw its design, hiring a Tacoma-based architecture firm and forming a citizen advisory committee to guide future station design. The advisory committee recommended building the station on the east end of the Freighthouse Square complex, but WSDOT determined it was too expensive to build and operate due to the elevation distance between the tracks and ground level; instead, WSDOT recommended a site to the west of the Sounder entrance that would be less costly to operate.
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He received Q clearance in 1950, while working as a senior engineer at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois, and held some twenty patents in several fields. Treshow was Project Engineer on the Reactor Engineering Division for the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR) (April 1956). ALPR Preliminary Design Study (Argonne Low Power Reactor) phase I General specifications were taken from Treshow's earlier study of a smaller, but similar power plant (May 1955). Design study of a nuclear power plant for 100-KW electric and 400-kw heat capacity "I am recognized as having an unusual talent for invention and development of new ideas and products," he wrote to Ed Creutz in November 1956, seeking a position at General Atomic, “3 1/2 years from now at age 65 I will compelled to retire from Argonne due to forced retirement rules.
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With the completion of the Sakuma Dam, one of the tallest dams in Japan, on the main stream of the Tenryū River, developers turned their eyes to the confluence of the Ōnyugawa (大入川), a major tributary of the Tenryū River, and the Ōchisegawa (大千瀬川) in Aichi Prefecture. The Ōnyugawa was also of interest in that it was prone to flooding. Preliminary design work began in 1962, with construction beginning in 1969 after some opposition from the 100 households who needed to be relocated, and over increasing controversy regarding the issues of dams on the Tenryū and Ōi rivers rapidly filling with sand and silt from the mountains upstream, with the resultant reduction of the amount of sand and silt reaching the river mouth creating problems with coastal erosion. Construction was completed by the Kumagai Gumi in August 1973.
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Currently in the design phase are plans to electrify the line, with electrification works expected to take place starting around the year 2020. In 2012, preliminary design began on extending the line southwards through the Arava, in order to provide both passenger and freight service to the Red Sea port city of Eilat, although no funds have been appropriated for construction (which is estimated to cost the equivalent of several billion US dollars), and with the plan also facing strong opposition from environmental groups. In 2004, a southern branch to the Ramat Hovav and Ramat Beka industrial zones was opened, and further extension of this line to reach the Israel Defense Forces′ main Training Bases complex near HaNegev Junction is planned. Also planned is a new line branching out to Arad, passing nearby the Nevatim Airbase and Kuseife.
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Gunston, p. 42 The Stal-7 lay unrepaired until Vladimir Yermolaev was appointed as chief designer at OKB-240 after Bartini's arrest, with the task of transforming the Stal-7 design into a long-range bomber, a task made easier since Bartini had reserved space for a bomb bay in the fuselage. After repair the Stal-7 carried on with the flight-test programme, including a record-breaking nonstop flight on 28 August 1939 when it flew Moscow—Sverdlovsk—Sevastopol—Moscow; a distance of at an average speed of . Preliminary design of the DB-240 (—"long-range bomber"), as the bomber version was designated, was completed by the beginning of 1939 and the construction of two prototypes began the following July. The DB-240 retained little apart from the general layout of the Stal-7 as the structure was almost completely redesigned.
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In December 2008, NASA and NOAA selected Lockheed Martin Space Systems as the contractor for the fabrication of the first two satellites of the GOES-R generation, including GOES-R, for an estimated value of contract at US$1.09 billion. Preliminary design review was completed just over two years later, with critical design review being completed in May 2012. Construction of the satellite bus was contracted out to Alliant Techsystems (ATK) and work began shortly thereafter, with the core structure becoming test-ready in January 2013. The Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS) became the first installation-ready instruments for GOES-R in May 2013, while the ABI became integration-ready in February 2014; spacecraft propulsion and system modules were delivered three months later, finalizing the initial construction phase and allowing for complete spacecraft integration and testing at Lockheed Martin's facilities in Colorado.
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On 11 February 1897 Navy Minister () Armand Besnard, after consultations with the Supreme Naval Council (), requested a design for an enlarged with a maximum displacement of , an armour scheme capable of preserving stability and buoyancy after several penetrations of the hull and the resulting flooding, an armament equal to those of foreign battleships, a speed of and a minimum range of . The Director of Naval Construction (), Jules Thibaudier, had already prepared a preliminary design two months earlier with improved Harvey armour, but it was modified to increase the height of the belt armour above the waterline and to replace the guns of the Charlemagnes with guns. Thibaudier submitted his revised design on 9 February and it was approved by the Board of Construction () on 4 March with minor revisions.Jordan & Caresse, pp. 64–65 Iéna had an overall length of , a beam of Gille, p.
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Cascade Station shopping center, which Bechtel developed in exchange for building the Airport MAX In 1975, During the preliminary design phase of Interstate 205 (I-205), Portland transportation planners recommended downsizing the freeway and including right-of-way reserved for future transit; this was later realized as the I-205 Transitway. In 1986, transit plans by Metro regional government began calling for a light rail extension to Portland International Airport, which was then being served by TriMet buses, with construction projected to begin around 2010. Original plans envisioned a line running from the airport to Clackamas County along the I-205 Transitway and connecting with the existing light rail line of the Metropolitan Area Express (MAX) at Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center. Later studies abandoned I-205 in favor of a route between Hazel Dell in Washington and Clackamas Town Center via downtown Portland.
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The Windows Experience Index feature in Windows Vista relies on measurements taken with WinSAT to provide an accurate assessment of a system's capabilities—these capabilities are presented in the form of a rating, where a higher rating indicates better performance. Preliminary design elements created for Microsoft by Robert Stein in 2004 suggest that WinSAT was intended to rate a user's hardware during the out-of-box experience; this is a design decision that would be retained for the operating system's release to manufacturing. During the Windows Hardware Engineering Conference of 2005, Microsoft formally unveiled the existence of WinSAT and presented it as a technology not only for games, but one that would allow Windows Vista to make decisions, such as whether to enable desktop composition, based on a machine's hardware capabilities. WinSAT would remain a key focus throughout development of the operating system before its release to manufacturing.
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Drawing of a four-guide docking system that NASA proposed to the Soviets during a November 1971 meeting in Moscow After the June meetings, Johnson had put Bill Creasy and his mechanical designers to work on the preliminary design of a docking mechanism. By the time the NASA delegation left for Moscow, Creasy's crew had designed and built a 1-meter double ring and cone docking system that had four guide fingers and attenuators on both rings, so either half could be active or passive during docking. The Structures and Mechanics Laboratory at MSC made 16-millimeter movies demonstrating this system in action, which Johnson took to Moscow in November, along with a booklet describing the system and a model of the capture latches. To Johnson's surprise, Vladimir Syromyatnikov had been working on a variation of NASA's ring and cone concept since the previous October.
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Timeliness is probably the most important consideration. In the extreme case, the FMECA would be of little value to the design decision process if the analysis is performed after the hardware is built. While the FMECA identifies all part failure modes, its primary benefit is the early identification of all critical and catastrophic subsystem or system failure modes so they can be eliminated or minimized through design modification at the earliest point in the development effort; therefore, the FMECA should be performed at the system level as soon as preliminary design information is available and extended to the lower levels as the detail design progresses. Remark: For more complete scenario modelling another type of Reliability analysis may be considered, for example fault tree analysis (FTA); a deductive (backward logic) failure analysis that may handle multiple failures within the item and/or external to the item including maintenance and logistics.
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The FAA offered a $50 million U.S. dollar grant based on the submission of a full business plan and designs. As part of this initiative, Ralph Nieders and AENA (Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea, at the time the minority Spanish GAP stockholder) developed a preliminary design as shown by image 14 (Vázquez Raña Tijuana Airport Cross-border Terminal and Commerce Center) using Britannia Blvd as the main entrance to the cross-border terminal. As airports have become commercial and business hubs, the cross-border terminal project was to incorporate a multifaceted enterprise district through direct investments, joint-ventures and business alliances. The multi-facet concept on Otay Mesa was based on the success of such companies as Delimex (acquired by Heinz), the movement of 19 billion dollars of goods (including a billion dollars of produce/fruits and processed foods) and over two thousand commercial trucks crossing daily through the Otay Mesa Port of Entry in 2000.
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In 1952, McDonnell's Chief of Aerodynamics, Dave Lewis, was appointed by CEO Jim McDonnell to be the company's preliminary design manager.Thornborough and Davies 1994, p. 13. With no new aircraft competitions on the horizon, internal studies concluded the Navy had the greatest need for a new and different aircraft type: an attack fighter.Thornborough and Davies 1994, p. 11. The McDonnell F3H-G/H mockup, 1954 In 1953, McDonnell Aircraft began work on revising its F3H Demon naval fighter, seeking expanded capabilities and better performance. The company developed several projects, including a variant powered by a Wright J67 engine,Dorr 2008, p. 61. and variants powered by two Wright J65 engines, or two General Electric J79 engines."Phabulous 40th: Phantom Development." 1978 Commemorative Book. Boeing. Retrieved: 14 February 2008. The J79-powered version promised a top speed of Mach 1.97. On 19 September 1953, McDonnell approached the United States Navy with a proposal for the "Super Demon".
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In the preliminary design phase of the tunnel COWI established an overall concept for the electrical and mechanical systems with emphasis on safety-related functions such as electric power supply, tunnel lighting, fire fighting, tunnel ventilation and smoke extraction. This overall concept was used as a basis for the detailed design. Later in the project COWI reviewed the client's detailed design of electrical and mechanical systems. The electrical and mechanical systems included the following: medium- and low-voltage distribution (11 kV/0.4 kV); reliable power supply based on UPS and diesel generators; tunnel lighting and road lighting; lighting in portal buildings, technical rooms and cross passages between tunnels; Central Monitoring and Control System (CMCS); fire detection system; public mobile communication system; fire fighting equipment, including fire water booster pumps, hydrants and portable extinguishers; tunnel ventilation for normal operation, congested operation and emergency situations (smoke control); smoke extraction system; pressurised air supply; HVAC and plumbing in portal buildings.
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The assembled telescope following environmental testing In January 2007, nine of the ten technology development items in the project successfully passed a Non- Advocate Review. These technologies were deemed sufficiently mature to retire significant risks in the project. The remaining technology development item (the MIRI cryocooler) completed its technology maturation milestone in April 2007. This technology review represented the beginning step in the process that ultimately moved the project into its detailed design phase (Phase C). By May 2007, costs were still on target. In March 2008, the project successfully completed its Preliminary Design Review (PDR). In April 2008, the project passed the Non-Advocate Review. Other passed reviews include the Integrated Science Instrument Module review in March 2009, the Optical Telescope Element review completed in October 2009, and the Sunshield review completed in January 2010. In April 2010, the telescope passed the technical portion of its Mission Critical Design Review (MCDR).
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By this time specializing in vertical and short-take off aircraft (V/STOL), his most notable moment occurred on July 29, 1957: While demonstrating the capabilities of the X-13, he landed vertically before an audience of some 3,000 officers and journalists at the steps of The Pentagon. After twelve years as Chief Engineering Test Pilot, he then served as Chief of Aerodynamics and Chief of Preliminary Design, finally retiring as Chief of Advanced Products for Aircraft Engineering, where he was responsible for the design of remotely piloted air vehicles and other technical innovations. His experiences are recounted in the book Jet Pioneers (Grover Heiman, 1963 Van Rees Press, NY, Chapter 10, "Hanging on Hot Air"), and a segment produced by The History Channel entitled "Secret Superpower Aircraft: Quest for Vertical Take-Off". The X-13, with Girard in the pilot seat, was featured on the cover of the May 20, 1957 issue of Life magazine.
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Final studies for the dam began in 1946 and a preliminary design was crafted in 1950. The dam was built between 1951 and 1953 by the Morrison- Knudsen firm as part of the Helmand Valley Authority project. In 1975, USAID commissioned the initial installation of two 16.5 MW generating units in a powerhouse constructed at the toe of the dam. This first stage powerhouse was actually constructed to house three equally sized units. Only units 1 and 3 were installed originally. A 2012 aerial photo showing a small portion of the reservoir along with the dam (left) and the spillway (right) When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, the contractors left. They had intended to raise the dam by 2 meters in order to increase the available water for power production and irrigation. They were also excavating an emergency spillway which was never completed. Gates were also never installed in the service spillway so the dam passes all water in the reservoir above elevation 1033.5 meters.
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The Stinger has been used in Afghanistan since 1986. It was provided to the anti-Soviet forces by the US Based on the same general principles as the original Sidewinder, in 1955 Convair began studies on a small man-portable missile (MANPADS) that would emerge as the FIM-43 Redeye. Entering testing in 1961, the preliminary design proved to have poor performance, and a number of major upgrades followed. It was not until 1968 that the Block III version was put into production. The Soviets started development of two almost identical weapons in 1964, Strela-1 and Strela-2. Development of these proceeded much more smoothly, as the 9K32 Strela-2 entered service in 1968 after fewer years of development than the Redeye.Jane's Land Based Air Defence 2005–2006. Originally a competing design, the 9K31 Strela-1 was instead greatly increased in size for vehicle applications and entered service at around the same time.
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The Blue Line entrance would be close to Bowdoin station, allowing it to be closed. (second page) The additional Green Line entrance was cut during preliminary design, but the Blue Line entrance was kept; until at least 2011, the MBTA still planned to close Bowdoin after Government Center was renovated. However, by 2013, the MBTA decided not to construct the planned west entrance at Government Center, and to instead build only a less-expensive emergency exit. Site preparation began in mid-2013, and the main construction contract was awarded to Barletta Heavy Division in July 2013. On March 22, 2014, Government Center station closed for two years for the reconstruction, which included new elevators, station entrance and lobbies, emergency exit-only structure on Cambridge Street between Court and Sudbury Street, escalators, LED signage, expanded fare collection area, upgraded back-up electrical power supply, improved interior finishes, station lighting, mechanical systems, and public address system.
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Sentinel Space Telescope, planned to be built by Ball Aerospace The Sentinel Mission program was the cornerstone of the B612 Foundation's earlier efforts, with its preliminary design and system architecture level reviews planned for 2014, and its critical design review to be conducted in 2015. The infrared telescope would be launched atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, to be placed into a Venus-trailing Heliocentric orbit around the Sun. Orbiting between the Sun and Earth, the Sun's rays would always be behind the telescope's lens and thus never inhibit the space observatory's ability to detect asteroids or other near-Earth objects (NEOs). From the vantage of its inner-solar system orbit around the Sun, Sentinel would be able to "pick up objects that are currently difficult, if not impossible, to see in advance from Earth", such as occurred with the Chelyabinsk meteor of 2013 that went undetected until its explosion over Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.
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The parking lot from the 1980s station, now used as a park-and-ride lot, will be reused for the new station In 2004, the Recommended Action of the New Haven Hartford Springfield Commuter Rail Implementation Study included the construction of a new North Haven/Hamden station as part of the Hartford Line (then just the New Haven-Hartford-Springfield Commuter Rail Line.) Such a station was estimated to cost between $6 million and $9.5 million. The station is proposed to be located off Devine Street in North Haven, adjacent to the intersection of State Street (US 5) and CT-40. Direct access from I-91 will be possible via Route 40, while commuters coming from the Wilbur Cross Parkway (which is intended for traffic bypassing New Haven) will have to use surface streets from the nearest exits. A preliminary design in 2006 located the station platforms between Devine Street and Route 40.
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Due to this failure to purchase the master model and the possible license, at the end of 1930 the WIBI Tank Design Bureau began preliminary design work on their own wheeled/tracked tank, based on the Christie M1928 and the Christie M1931 known under the working name "A la Christie". The work was based on available data and advertising leaflets as well as notes and sketches that Captain Ruciński obtained from Christie. In 1932 the design drawings and a list of details were ready but soon the work slowed down because the designers were put in charge of a just-bought British Vickers Mark E tank that led to the 7TP light tank which was developed soon after. At the end of 1934, because of the liquidation of WIBI and establishing of the Design and Testing Centre of the Armoured Forces reporting directly to the Armoured Forces Command, most of the "A la Christie" project documentation was destroyed under the supervision of a special commission.
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In 2012 Airbus' chief strategist Marwan Lahoud assumed that the aircraft would offer competition to Airbus by 2020. From 2010 to 2015 the Chinese cyberthreat actor Turbine Panda, linked to the Ministry of State Security’s Jiangsu Bureau, penetrated a number of the C919's foreign components manufacturers including Honeywell and Safran. Crowdstrike argued that the operations involved both cyber intrusion and theft as well as HUMINT operations with the aim of transitioning component manufacturing to domestic companies using stolen intellectual property and industrial processes. On 24 November 2011, Comac announced the completion of the joint definition phase, marking the end of the preliminary design phase for the C919, with estimated completion of the detailed design phase in 2012. Production of the first C919 prototype began on 9 December 2011. The C919's aerodynamics were designed with the help of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer. The annual production was targeted at 150 planes by 2020.
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In June 2011, Comac was studying the 290-seat C929 and 390-seat C939 wide-body aircraft. In June 2012, after assessing demand, Russia and China were to set up a joint venture between UAC and Comac to develop a successor to the Il-96. Development was expected to take at least seven years and cost $7–12 billion, with target production of several hundred aircraft. Russia would contribute its knowledge and China would provide the resources. In May 2014, a memorandum on cooperation was reached and a feasibility study completed in autumn 2014. UAC estimated that wide-body demand worldwide through 2033 amounts to 8,000 aircraft, including 1,000 in China. In November 2014, UAC suggested a range of range while Comac pointed to a gap in the market for a moderate range of ; initial capacity was targeted for 250-280 seats with later shrink and stretch. In February 2015 preliminary design had begun.
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The Artemis 1 SLS core stage being loaded onto the Pegasus barge. The Green Run testing will be the first top-to-bottom integrated testing of the stage's systems prior to its maiden flight. During the early development of the SLS a number of configurations were considered, including a Block 0 variant with three main engines, a Block 1A variant with upgraded boosters instead of the improved second stage, and a Block 2 with five main engines and the Earth Departure Stage, with up to three J-2X engines. In February 2015, it was determined that these concepts would exceed the congressionally mandated Block 1 and Block 1B baseline payloads. On 14 September 2011, NASA announced the new launch system, which is intended to take the agency's astronauts farther into space than ever before and provide the cornerstone for future US human space exploration efforts in combination with the Orion spacecraft. On 31 July 2013, the SLS passed the Preliminary Design Review (PDR).
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Argus worked in co- operation with C. Lorenz AG and Arado Flugzeugwerke to develop the project. However, once again, the Luftwaffe declined to award a development contract. In 1940, Schmidt and Argus began cooperating, integrating Schmidt's shutter system with Argus' atomized fuel injection. Tests began in January 1941, and the first flight made on 30 April 1941 with a Gotha Go 145. On 27 February 1942, Gosslau and Robert Lusser sketched out the design of an aircraft with the pulse-jet above the tail, the basis for the future V-1. Lusser produced a preliminary design in April 1942, P35 Efurt, which used gyroscopes. When submitted to the Luftwaffe on 5 June 1942, the specifications included a range of 186 miles, a speed of 435 mph, and capable of delivering a half ton warhead. Project Fieseler Fi 103 was approved on 19 June, and assigned code name Kirschkern and cover name Flakzielgerat 76 (FZG-76).
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In February 2005, Eurocopter president Fabrice Brégier revealed that in-depth discussions were being held between Eurocopter and China Aviation Industry Corporation II (AVIC II) on the topic of the co-development of a new medium-heavy twin-engine helicopter, tentatively designated as the EC175. In October 2005, AgustaWestland acknowledged that it had also been approached by AVIC II, and that the firm was interested in participating if Eurocopter failed to secure the co- development contract. On 5 December 2005, the signing of a development contract for the EC175 was announced by Eurocopter and AVIC-II's subsidiary Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG). Early development work on the project proceeded as per schedule: On 5 December 2006, the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) was completed; the Critical Design Review (CDR) was completed on 5 December 2007, at which point the design of the aircraft and all its sub- systems was frozen. In 2008, it was expected that development of the EC175 would cost €600 million.
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Kellam Road and Constitution Drive were two planned light rail stations on the proposed Tide Light Rail line extension towards Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S., These stations, along with Witchduck Road was to open in late 2019 or early 2020, however, due to the 2016 Virginia Beach City referendum regarding light rail being a no-majority, work on light rail has been ceased as of December 2016. The station was to serve the Virginia Beach Town Center. The Town Center area had up to six possible locations, but after a 30% Preliminary Design study, narrowed them down to Kellam Road at the Western portion of the area and Constitution Drive at the Eastern end of the Town Center will be situated on former Norfolk Southern owned track which is now owned by the city. Eventual plans call for the light rail to be extended to the Oceanfront, however it is uncertain if light rail or even bus rapid transit will be constructed at this time.
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Vega rocket The IXV project also benefitted from and harnessed much of the research data and operational principles from many of the previously conducted studies, especially from the successful Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator (ARD), which was test-flown during 1998. Early on, during the mission definition and design maturity stages of the project, thorough comparisons were conducted again between existing ESA and national concepts against shared criteria, aimed at evaluating the experiment requirements (technology and systems), programme requirements (technology readiness, development schedule and cost) and risk mitigation (feasibility, maturity, robustness and growth potential). The selected baseline design, a slender lifting body configuration, drew primarily upon the CNES-led Pre-X the ESA's ARD vehicles. Development work quickly proceeded through the preliminary design definition phase, reaching a system requirements review by mid-2007. On 18 December 2009, the ESA announced the signing of a contract with Thales Alenia Space, valued at , to cover 18 months of preliminary IXV work.
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A computer- generated image depicting the Expeditionary Transfer Dock design The Expeditionary Transfer Dock concept is a large auxiliary support ship to facilitate the 'seabasing' of an amphibious landing force by acting as a floating base or transfer station that can be prepositioned off the target area. Troops, equipment, and cargo would be transferred to the MLP by large- draft ships, from where they can be moved ashore by shallower-draft vessels, landing craft like the Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), or helicopters. For transferring vehicles from the larger ships to the ESD, the vessels were originally to be fitted with a Vehicle Transfer System: a ramp connecting the two ships alongside and able to compensate for the movements of both vessels while underway. USNS John Glenn (T-ESD-2) naming, Feb 2014 A preliminary design by General Dynamics envisioned a ship that carried six LCACs, with the ability to turn around (dock, unload or load, then launch) two landing craft simultaneously from the stern.
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The Short SB.4 Sherpa was designed by David Keith-Lucas as a research aircraft aimed primarily at assisting in the development of wings for faster, very high- altitude aircraft in general and the company's Preliminary Design (Short PD.1) in response to the U.K. V-Bomber requirement B35/46 in particular. It was the first powered aircraft to employ the "aero-isoclinic" wing first proposed in 1951 by Professor Geoffrey T.R. Hill, who had been instrumental in the design of the Westland-Hill Pterodactyl tail-less experimental aircraft in the mid-1920s. Short SB.4 Sherpa This radical wing configuration was designed to maintain a constant angle of incidence regardless of flexing, by placing the torsion box well back in the wing so that the air loads, acting in the region of the quarter-chord line, have a considerable moment arm about it. The torsional instability and tip stalling characteristics of conventional swept wings were recognised at the time, together with their tendency to aileron- reversal and flutter at high speed.
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As the highest point of this route is only 27 meters above the level of the Sea of Azov and 54 m above that of the Caspian Sea, the preliminary design presented by the Hydraulic Facilities Safety Expert Center "GIDROTEKHEXPERTIZA" (Экспертный центр по безопасности гидротехнических сооружений "Гидротехэкспертиза")Прожект нечистой воды. Виктор ДАНИЛОВ-ДАНИЛЬЯН (Includes a map of the proposed route) proposes the construction of three to four low-rise ship locks on the western slope and three mid-rise or six low-rise locks on the eastern slope. The option involving the construction of six low-rise locks on the eastern slope of the watershed can significantly reduce the volume of earthwork and lower by one- third the need for freshwater, which is precalculated as approximately 1.5 cubic km. This compares favorably with the 13 locks of the existing Volga-Don Canal, where ships use nine locks to rise 88 m from the Volga to the canal's highest point, and then four more locks to descend 44 m to the Don's Tsimlyansk Reservoir.
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AM General HMMWV in Iraq In 1979, AM General began preliminary design work on the M998 Series High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV, pronounced Humvee), a 1.25-ton truck intended to replace the M151 and other Light Utility Vehicles. The US Army awarded AM General a prototype contract in 1981 with development and operational testing conducted over a five-month period in 1982. In March 1983, AM General won an initial $1.2 billion contract to produce 55,000 Humvees to be delivered in five basic models and 15 different configurations over a five-year period. Production began at the Mishawaka, Indiana, assembly plant in the fall of 1984 and the first deliveries were made in early 1985. Total international production by mid-1991 was more than 72,000. Since 1991, an additional 20,000 HMMWVs ordered brought total international production to 100,000 in March 1995. Late in 2000, AM General was awarded another contract for 2,962 M998A2 series trucks. The contract contained six single-year options running to fiscal year 2007 and continues to be renewed.
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For example, it was determined that in order to ensure reliable year-round navigation in the western part of the Northern Sea Route, LK-60Ya would have to be capable of breaking at least ice, an improvement over the old Arktikas icebreaking capability. In addition, escorting Russian Arctic cargo ships such as the then-common SA-15 type safely and efficiently in heavy ice conditions would require an icebreaker with a beam of and a displacement of . While traffic volumes along the Northern Sea Route declined drastically in the early 1990s due to the slowdown of the Russian economy, an ambitious fleet renewal program was nonetheless launched under the presidential program Revival of the Merchant Fleet of Russia (1993–2000). In the end, none of the planned icebreakers were built and the follow-up federal program Modernization of the transport system of Russia (2002–2010) included funding for the construction of only two new diesel- electric icebreakers in addition to completing the unfinished Arktika-class icebreaker 50 Let Pobedy and starting the preliminary design development of the next generation nuclear-powered icebreakers.
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The Gulfstream II is a twin-jet swept wing corporate transport powered by two Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engines and designed to provide high speed and long range capability without sacrificing the airport performance, reliability, and other operational advantages of its predecessor, the turboprop Gulfstream I. Preliminary design of the wing was influenced by both cruise and low speed considerations. The aft-mounted engine location was selected after extensive analysis and design iterations considering aerodynamic, structural, and ground clearance requirements. Airfoil geometry was developed to maximum sweep benefit from the selected planform. The interference problem at the wing-body juncture was treated by modification of the airfoil shape and thickness over the inner third of the wing span. The basic airfoils for the main area of the wing are similar to those of the Grumman A-6 Intruder aircraft and utilize NACA 6-series thickness distributions combined with an in-house mean line. A buffet boundary commensurate with the M=.85 speed capability was attained by incorporating a row of co-rotating vortex generators on the outer wing panel.
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By the mid-1920s the Soviet Navy wanted to replace the few old Tsarist torpedo boats that it had left acting as guard ships. The initial requirement was for a ship not to exceed , armed with two old guns, three torpedo tubes and could carry mines as necessary. It was to be powered by four Beardmore diesel engines imported from the United Kingdom, but this plan was thwarted by Soviet financial support for the miners during the 1926 United Kingdom general strike. The preliminary designs had to be revised for steam propulsion, a task greatly complicated by the break in Soviet ship construction between 1917 and 1924 when no ships, naval or commercial, had been built and many experienced naval architects had either fled the country, found new jobs, or were politically suspect and not allowed to work. It proved impossible to work within the 300-ton limit with steam turbines and the tonnage limit was increased to 350 tons when the Navy approved the preliminary design on 26 November 1926.
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AF Identifies Boeing 747-8 platform for next Air Force One.Mehta, Aaron. "Boeing Tapped for Air Force One Replacement". Defense News, 2015-01-28 On 10 May 2016, the Air Force posted online an amendment to its Air Force One contract authorizing Boeing to begin preliminary design activities. The latest version of the contract synopsis confirmed that the government will buy two modified 747-8 aircraft. Boeing was awarded a contract in January 2016 to identify cost reduction opportunities in areas including maintenance, aerial refueling and communications. On 15 July 2016, Boeing received another contract for pre-engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) risk-reduction to address "system specification, the environmental control system, the aircraft interior, the electrical and power system and sustainment and maintenance approaches" to reduce development risks and life-cycle costs. On 1 August 2017, Defense One reported that in an effort to pay less for the replacement program, the USAF entered into a contract to purchase two 747-8 Intercontinentals from Boeing, which had originally been ordered by Transaero, a Russian airline, in 2011.
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The Secretary of the Interior or the Administrator of the General Services Administration, in consultation with NCMC, had the discretion to issue a construction permit if both the NCPC and CFA had issued final (not preliminary) design approval and the foundation had 75 percent of the construction funds in hand.Vietnam Veterans Memorial Visitor Center Authorization, Public Law 108–126 (November 17, 2003), Title II—Commemorative Works, Section 203-Clarifying and Conforming Amendments, (c) Authorization. Furthermore, Section 8(b) of the Commemorative Works Act required that each memorial foundation raise an amount equal to 10 percent of the total construction cost, and to deposit these monies into a trust fund administered by the Department of the Interior to pay for the cost of perpetual maintenance and preservation of the work.Commemorative Works Act, Public Law 99-652 (November 14, 1986), Section 8(b). The foundation did not begin fund-raising until August 2002. Just how much money the foundation needed was unclear, with some sources claiming $35 million but others $60 million.
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In April 2004, the ongoing Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway traffic's preliminary feasibility study was finished, resulting in a proposed railway alignments, technical standards, and project design details.廣珠城際鐵路走向及技術標準初步確定 4年後通車 Soon afterwards, the railway project was included on the list of major projects for 2005 in Zhuhai. At the first Pearl River Dela Regional Economic and Trade Cooperation Fair on July 14, 2004, the Ministry of Railways and Guangdong's provincial government signed an agreement, forming the Guangdong Pearl River Delta Intercity Rail Company and giving each party a 50 percent share in the joint venture. Thus, the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway was born, incorporating officially on July 29. On March 16, 2005, China's State Council considered the adoption of the "Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta Intercity Railway Network Plan" 国务院通过珠三角城际轨道网规划 during the May 2005 Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway preliminary design review.
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In 1973, the José Figueres Ferrer administration decided to relocate the main Pacific port from Puntarenas to Caldera bay, making it evident that with a new highway connecting Ciudad Colón with Orotina, the new port would be only 80 km from San José, just an hour away. In the mid-1970s, a preliminary design was drafted along the left (south) margin of the Virilla River (crossing towns such as El Rodeo, Piedras Negras and San Pablo de Turrubares) that seemed the most economical, passing through low-cost uncultivated lands. But over time the elected design was along the right (north) margin of the river (La Guácima, Turrúcares, Concepción), which had more expensive lands for expropriation. The financial crisis in the early 1980s prevented further progress. However, in 1986 in the first government of Óscar Arias (1986–1990), US$40 million was obtained from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to build the new road, although that administration finished without the loan being used. The same happened during the four-year period of Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (1990-1994).
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In 2017, all three Baltic parliaments ratified the Inter-Governmental Agreement for the Rail Baltica project, thereby confirming their long-term commitment to the Rail Baltica project. In addition, Rail Baltica Global Project's cost-benefit analysis was delivered by Ernst & Young and Atkins International experts, based on the European Union's CBA guidelines, proving that the project is financially feasible and viable, and its measurable benefits will outweigh the costs. On 14 February 2018, the Ministry of Public Administration of the Republic of Estonia approved the spatial plan for the Rail Baltica railway in Estonia, leading to the setting of the final route and preliminary design of the railway in this northern Baltic State. The spatial planning for the entire line was approved in Latvia by the decision of the Latvian Government in August 2016, and followed by the approval of the Lithuanian Government in January 2017 for their respective section from Kaunas to the Lithuanian-Latvian border in Lithuania (The route for the section Kaunas–Lithuania/Poland State border, known as Rail Baltica I, is subject to the results of the Upgrade Feasibility study).
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During October 1941 Major R. E. Holloway, Royal Engineers, brought to the attention of the US Navy an idea patented by Otto Popper of Bratislava, Czechoslovakia in 1924 of a barge transporter for use on the Danube River that flooded down to allow barges aboard, then pumped out it tanks to lift them out of the water. Norman Freidman reports that on 4 November 1941 this concept led to the breakthrough design by John C. Niedermair, civilian technical director, BuShips preliminary design section, based on ballasting techniques used on submarines that solved both design problems. This led to the construction of thousands of US Navy amphibious ships including the original LST's and with hundreds of incremental improvements modifications and conversions of LTC's, LCM's and LSM's. British and US visionaries instrumental in supporting the concept include Captain Thomas A Hussey, COHO, and Sir Henry C. B. Weymss of the British mission to the US, Captain Edward Cochrane BuShips, the Army's Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall and Winston Churchill when he personally pushed the project for special amphibious ships and won President Roosevelt's reluctant approval.
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It depicts the poet, standing upon an urn, dressed in a winding cloth, rising for the moment of judgement. This depiction, Donne's own idea, was sculpted from a painting for which the Poet posed. Another of Stone's finest works is the effigy of Elizabeth, Lady Carey in the parish church at Stowe Nine Churches, Northamptonshire, is considered one of his masterpieces.1911 While other surviving examples of his monuments to the dead include those to: Sir Francis Vere, Earl of Middlesex; Sir Dudley Digges at Chilham church, Kent; Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, in Dover Castle (removed to Greenwich); Sir Thomas Sutton, at the London Charterhouse (with Janssens); Sir Robert Drury at Hawstead church, Suffolk; Sir William Stonhouse at Radley church, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire); Sir Thomas Bodley at Merton College, Oxford (1612-May 1615), with his bust in an oval niche flanked by pilasters of stacked books;Stone noted that he had been paid £100 "in good mony;" a preliminary design, altered in the execution but apparently the only extant design for a monument by Stone, has been discovered in the Bodleian Library: see W.J. Blair, "Nicholas Stone's Design for the Bodley Monument" The Burlington Magazine 118 No. 874 (January 1976), pp. 23-24.
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